path: root/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/hyperref/README

README for hyperref bundle, 2006/09/06


TABLE OF CONTENTS
=================

1 Introduction
2 Download
3 Installation
4 Additional Packages
5 New Features
6 Package Compatibility
7 Limitations
8 Hints
9 Authors/Maintainers
10 Bug Reports
11 Known Problems
12 ToDo


1 INTRODUCTION
==============

This package is used to emend cross-referencing commands in LaTeX to
produce some sort of \special commands; there are backends for the
\special set defined for HyperTeX dvi processors, for embedded pdfmark
commands for processing by Acrobat Distiller (dvips and dvipsone), for
dviwindo, for pdfTeX, for dvipdfm, for TeX4ht, and for VTEX's pdf and HTML
backends.

Included are:
a) `backref' a package by David Carlisle to provide links back from
   bibliography to the main text; these are hypertext links after using
   hyperref.
b) nameref' a package to allow reference to the *names* of sections rather
   than their numbers.


2 DOWNLOAD
==========

`hyperref' is available on CTAN:
  CTAN:macros/latex/contrib/hyperref/

Also a ZIP file is provided that contains the files, already sorted
in a TDS tree:
  CTAN:macros/latex/contrib/hyperref/hyperref-tds.zip
or
  CTAN:install/macros/latex/contrib/hyperref.zip

`CTAN:' means one of the `Comprehensive TeX Archive Network'
nodes or one of its mirrors.  This is explained in
  http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=archives

The files are organized in three, sometimes four directories:
  ./
    Root directory that contains `README', `.dtx',
    and `.ins' files.
  doc/
    Directory for documentation files.
  test/
    Directory for some test files.

The main repository of hyperref is located at the server
of the international `TeX User Group' (TUG). The hyperref
directory at the TUG server
  http://www.tug.org/applications/hyperref/
contains the following files:
  hyperref.zip
  hyperref-doc.zip
  hyperref-test.zip
  manual.html
  manual2.html
  manual.css
    HTML version of the quite old hyperref manual in `doc/manual.pdf'.

The CTAN stuff will be mirrored automatically from the
ftp server, so
  ftp://ftp.tug.org/pub/tex/hyperref/
corresponds to
  CTAN:macros/latex/contrib/hyperref/


3 INSTALLATION
==============

Installation with ZIP file in TDS format
----------------------------------------
The ZIP file `hyperref-tds.zip' contains the files sorted
in a TDS tree. Thus you can directly unpack the ZIP file
inside a TDS tree. (See CTAN:tds.zip for an explanation of TDS.)
Example:
  cd /...somewhere.../texmf
  unzip /...downloadpath.../hyperref-tds.zip
Do not forget to refresh the file name database of this TDS tree,
Example:
  texhash /...somewhere.../texmf

Manual installation
-------------------
a) Download the hyperref files from CTAN or the TUG server.
   If necessary, unpack them.
b) If directory `beta' exists, replace the files by the counterparts
   in this directory, if you want to use the latest versions.
c) Generate the package and driver files:
     tex hyperref.ins
d) Install the files `*.sty', `*.def', and `*.cfg' in your TDS tree:
     cp *.sty *.def *.cfg TDS:tex/latex/hyperref/
   Replace `TDS:' by the prefix of your TDS tree (texmf directory).
   The exception is bmhydoc.sty, it belongs to the source files
   (TDS:source/latex/hyperref/).
e) Copy the documentation files to "TDS:doc/latex/hyperref/":
   manual.pdf, README, README.pdf, ChangeLog, ChangeLog.pdf,
   slides.pdf, paper.pdf, options.pdf, hyperref.pdf, backref.pdf,
   nameref.pdf (Also the HTML version of the manual can be put there.)
f) Update the databases if necessary, eg. for teTeX:
     mktexlsr .../texmf


4 ADDITIONAL PACKAGES
=====================

Depending on the driver, hyperref loads other packages
apart from nameref and backref:
* url.sty
    CTAN:macros/latex/contrib/other/misc/url.sty
* keyval.sty, color.sty:
    CTAN:macros/latex/required/graphics/
* pdftex.def:
    CTAN:macros/pdftex/graphics/pdftex.def
* kvoptions.def:
    CTAN:macros/latex/contrib/oberdiek/kvoptions.pdf
* refcount.sty (loaded by nameref)
    CTAN:macros/latex/contrib/oberdiek/refcount.pdf


5 NEW FEATURES
==============

Link border style
-----------------
  Links can be underlined instead of the default rectangle or
  options "colorlinks", "frenchlinks". This is done by option
      pdfborderstyle={/S/U/W 1}

  Some remarks:

  * AR7/Linux seems to have a bug, that don't use the default
    value "1" for the width, but zero, thus that the underline
    is not visible without "/W 1". The same applies for
    dashed boxes, eg.:
      pdfborderstyle={/S/D/D[3 2]/W 1}

  * The syntax is described in the PDF specification, look for
    "border style", eg.
    Table 8.13 "Entries in a border style dictionary"
    (specification for version 1.6)

  * Be aware that not all PDF viewers support this feature, not
    even Acrobat Reader itself:

    Some support:
    * AR7/Linux: "underline" and "dashed", but the border width
      must be given.
    * xpdf 3.00: "underline" and "dashed"

    Unsupported:
    * AR5/Linux
    * ghostscript 8.50

Option "bookmarksdepth"
-----------------------
  The depth of the bookmarks can be controlled by the new
  option "bookmarksdepth".  The option acts globally and
  distinguishes three cases:
  * "bookmarksdepth" without value
     Then hyperref uses the current value of counter "tocdepth".
     This is the compatible behaviour and the default.
  * "bookmarksdepth=<number>", the value is number (also negative):
    The depth for the bookmarks are set to this number.
  * "bookmarksdepth=<name>"
    The <name> is a document division name (part, chapter, ...).
    It must not start with a digit or minus to avoid mixing up
    with the number case. Internally hyperref uses the value
    of macro "\toclevel@<name>".
  Examples:
    \hypersetup{bookmarksdepth=paragraph}
    \hypersetup{bookmarksdepth=4} % same as before
    \hypersetup{bookmarksdepth} % counter "tocdepth" is used

Option "pdfescapeform"
----------------------
  There are many places where arbitrary strings end up as
  PS or PDF strings. The PS/PDF strings in parentheses form
  require the protection of some characters, e.g. unmatched
  left or right parentheses need escaping or the escape
  character itself (backslash).
    Since 2006/02/12 v6.75a the PS/PDF driver should do
  this automatically. However I assume a problem with
  compatibility, especially regarding the form part where
  larger amounts of JavaScript code can be present.
  It would be a pain to remove all the escaping, because
  an additional escaping layer can falsify the code.

  Therefore a new option pdfescapeform was introduced:
  * pdfescapeform=false
    Escaping for the formulars are disabled, this is
    the compatibility behaviour, therefor this is the default.
  * pdfescapeform=true
    Then the PS/PDF drivers do all the necessary escaping.
    This is the logical choice and the recommended setting.
    For example, the user writes JavaScript as JavaScript
    and do not care about escaping characters for PS/PDF
    output.

Default driver setting
----------------------
  (hyperref >= 6.72s)
  If no driver is given, hyperref tries its best to guess the
  most suitable driver. Thus it loads "hpdftex", if pdfTeX is
  detected running in PDF mode. Or it loads the corresponding
  VTeX driver for VTeX's working modes.
    Unhappily many driver programs run after the TeX compiler,
  so hyperref does not have a chance (dvips, dvipdfm, ...).
  In this case driver "hypertex" is loaded that supports the
  HyperTeX features that are recognized by xdvi for example.
  This behaviour, however, can easily be changed in the configuration
  file "hyperref.cfg":
    \providecommand*{\Hy@defaultdriver}{hdvips}
  for dvips, or
    \providecommand*{\Hy@defaultdriver}{hypertex}
  for the default behaviour of hyperref.

Backref entries
---------------
  Alternative interface for formatting of backref entries, example:

\documentclass[12pt,UKenglish]{article}

\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage[pagebackref]{hyperref}

% Some language options are detected by package backref.
% This affects the following macros:
%   \backrefpagesname
%   \backrefsectionsname
%   \backrefsep
%   \backreftwosep
%   \backreflastsep

\renewcommand*{\backref}[1]{
  % default interface
  % #1: backref list
  %
  % We want to use the alternative interface,
  % therefore the definition is empty here.
}
\renewcommand*{\backrefalt}[4]{%
  % alternative interface
  % #1: number of distinct back references
  % #2: backref list with distinct entries
  % #3: number of back references including duplicates
  % #4: backref list including duplicates
  \par
  #3 citation(s) on #1 page(s): #2,\par
  \ifnum#1=1 %
    \ifnum#3=1 %
      1 citation on page %
    \else
      #3 citations on page %
    \fi
  \else
    #3 citations on #1 pages %
  \fi
  #2,\par
  \ifnum#3=1 %
    1 citation located at page %
  \else
    #3 citations located at pages %
  \fi
  #4.\par
}

\begin{document}

  \section{Hello}
    \cite{ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4}
  \section{World}
    \cite{ref1, ref3}
  \newpage

  \section{Next section}
    \cite{ref1}
  \newpage

  \section{Last section}
    \cite{ref1, ref2}
  \newpage

  \pdfbookmark[1]{Bibliography}{bib}
  \begin{thebibliography}{99}
    \bibitem{ref1} Dummy entry one.

    \bibitem{ref2} Dummy entry two.

    \bibitem{ref3} Dummy entry three.

    \bibitem{ref4} Dummy entry four.

  \end{thebibliography}

\end{document}

\phantomsection
---------------
Set an anchor at this location.  It is often used in conjunction
with \addcontentsline for sectionlike things (index, bibliography,
preface). \addcontentsline refers to the latest previous location
where an anchor is set.

  \cleardoublepage
  \phantomsection
  \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\indexname}
  \printindex

Now the entry in the table of contents (and bookmarks) for the
index points to the start of the index page, not to a location
before this page.

\hypercalcbp
------------
See manual.


6 PACKAGE COMPATIBILITY
=======================

Currently only package loading orders are available:

Note: hyperref loads package "nameref" at \begin{document}.
Sometimes this is too late, thus this package must be loaded
earlier.

algorithm
---------
  \usepackage{float}
  \usepackage{hyperref}
  \usepackage[chapter]{algorithm}% eg.

amsmath
-------
  The environments equation and eqnarray are not supported too well.
  For example, there can be spacing problems. Consider using the
  environments that package amsmath provide, e.g. gather for equation.
  The environment equation can even redefined to use gather:

  \usepackage{amsmath}
  \let\equation\gather
  \let\endequation\endgather

arydshln, longtable
--------,----------
  Package longtable must be put before hyperref and arydshln,
  hyperref after arydshln generates an error, thus the
  resulting package order is then:

  \usepackage{longtable}
  \usepacakge{hyperref}
  \usepackage{arydshln}

babel/magyar.ldf
----------------
  Unsupported.
  magyar.ldf's redefinitions of many LaTeX internals conflict
  with hyperref's redefinitions of these commands.

bibentry
--------
  Workaround:

  \makeatletter
  \let\saved@bibitem\@bibitem
  \makeatother

  \usepackage{bibentry}
  \usepackage{hyperref}

  \begin{document}

  \begingroup
    \makeatletter
    \let\@bibitem\saved@bibitem
    \nobibliography{database}
  \endgroup

cite
----
  This is from Mike Shell:
> cite.sty cannot currently be used with hyperref.
> However, I can do a workaround via:
>
> \makeatletter
> \def\NAT@parse{\typeout{This is a fake Natbib command to fool Hyperref.}}
> \makeatother
>
> \usepackage[hypertex]{hyperref}
>
> so that hyperref will not redefine any of the biblabel stuff - so cite.sty
> will work as normal - although the citations will not be hyperlinked, of
> course (But this may not be an issue for many people).

dblaccnt
--------
  pd1enc.def or puenc.def should be loaded before:
  \usepackage{hyperref}
  \usepackage{dblaccnt}
  or see entry for "vietnam".

easyeqn
-------
  Not compatible, breaks.

ellipsis
--------
  This packages redefines \textellipsis, thus it has to be loaded
  after package hyperref (pd1enc.def/puenc.def should be loaded before):
  \usepackage{hyperref}
  \usepackage{ellipsis}

float
-----
  \usepackage{float}
  \usepackage{hyperref}

  * Several \caption commands are not supported inside one float object.
  * Anchor are set at top of the float object, if its style is controlled
    by float.sty.

footnote
--------
  This package is not supported, you have to disable hyperref's footnote
  support by using option "hyperfootnotes=false".

IEEEtran.cls
------------
  version >= V1.6b (because of \@makecaption, see ChangeLog)

index
-----
  version >= 1995/09/28 v4.1 (because of \addcontentsline redefinition)

lastpage
--------
  Compatible.

linguex
-------
  \usepackage{hyperref}
  \usepackage{linguex}

ltabptch
--------
  \usepackage{longtable}
  \usepackage{ltabptch}
  \usepackage{hyperref}

minitoc-hyper
-------------
  This package is obsolete, use the uptodate original
  package minitoc instead.

multind
-------
  \usepackage{multind}
  \usepackage{hyperref}

natbib
------
  \usepackage{natbib}
  \usepackage{hyperref}

nomencl
-------
Example for introducing links for the page numbers:
\renewcommand*{\pagedeclaration}[1]{\unskip, \hyperpage{#1}}

prettyref
---------
%%% example for prettyref %%%
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{prettyref}
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}

%\newrefformat{FIG}{Figure~\ref{#1}}% without hyperref
\newrefformat{FIG}{\hyperref[{#1}]{Figure~\ref*{#1}}}

\begin{document}
  This is a reference to \prettyref{FIG:ONE}.
  \newpage
  \begin{figure}
    \caption{This is my figure}
    \label{FIG:ONE}
  \end{figure}
\end{document}
%%% example for prettyref %%%

ntheorem
--------
  ntheorem-hyper.sty is an old patched version of ntheorem.sty.
  Newer versions of ntheorem know the option hyperref:
    \usepackage{hyperref}
    \usepackage[hyperref]{ntheorem}
  But there are still unsolved problems (options thref, ...).

setspace
--------
  \usepackage{setspace}
  \usepackage{hyperref}

sidecap
-------
  Before 2002/05/24 v1.5h:
    \usepackage{nameref}
    \usepackage{hyperref}
    \usepackage{sidecap}

subfigure
---------
  1995/03/06 v2.0:
    \usepackage{subfigure}
    \usepackage{hyperref}
    % hypertexnames is set to false.
  v2.1:
    \usepackage{nameref}
    \usepackage{subfigure}
    \usepackage{hyperref}
    or
    \usepackage{hyperref}
    \usepackage{subfigure}
  v2.1.2:
    please update
  v2.1.3:
    \usepackage{hyperref}
    \usepackage{subfigure}
    or vice versa?

titleref
--------
  \usepackage{nameref}
  \usepackage{titleref}% without usetoc
  \usepackage{hyperref}

titlesec
--------
  "nameref" supports titlesec, but hyperref does not
  (unsolved is the anchor setting, missing with unnumbered
  section, perhaps problems with page breaks with numbered ones).

varioref
--------
  \usepackage{nameref}
  \usepackage{varioref}
  \usepackage{hyperref}
  Some babel versions (eg. 2005/05/21 v3.8g) contain a patch for
  varioref that breaks the hyperref support for varioref.
  Thus with babel v3.8g varioref cannot be used with hyperref.

verse
-----
  Version 2005/08/22 v2.22 contains support for hyperref.

  For older versions see example from
  de.comp.text.tex (2005/08/11, slightly modified):

  \documentclass{article}

  % package order does not matter
  \usepackage{verse}
  \usepackage{hyperref}

  \makeatletter
  % make unique poemline anchors
  \newcounter{verse@env}
  \setcounter{verse@env}{0}
  \let\org@verse\verse
  \def\verse{%
    \stepcounter{verse@env}%
    \org@verse
  }
  \def\theHpoemline{\arabic{verse@env}.\thepoemline}

  % add anchor for before \addcontentsline in \@vsptitle
  \let\org@vsptitle\@vsptitle
  \def\@vsptitle{%
    \phantomsection
    \org@vsptitle
  }
  \makeatother

  \begin{document}

  \poemtitle{Poem 1}
  \begin{verse}
  An one-liner.
  \end{verse}

  \newpage

  \poemtitle{Poem 2}
  \begin{verse}
  Another one-liner.
  \end{verse}

  \end{document}

vietnam
-------
  % pd1enc.def should be loaded before package dblaccnt:
  \usepackage[PD1,OT1]{fontenc}
  \usepackage{vietnam}
  \usepackage{hyperref}


7 LIMITATIONS
=============

* Wrapped/broken link support

  Only few drivers support automatically wrapped/broken links,
  e.g. pdftex, dvipdfm, hypertex. Other drivers lack this
  feature, e.g. dvips, dvipsone.

  Workarounds:
  * For long section or caption titles in the table of contents
    or list of figures/tables option "linktocpage" can be used.
    Then the page number will be a link, and the overlong section
    title is not forced into an one line link with overvull \hbox
    warning.
  * "\url"s are caught by package "breakurl".
  * The option "breaklinks" is intended for internal use. But it
    can be used to force link wrapping, e.g. when printing a
    document. However, when such a document is converted to PDF
    and viewed with a PDF viewer, the active link area will be
    misplaced.
      Another limitation: some penalties are "optimized" by TeX,
    thus there are missing break points, especially within
    \url. (See thread "hyperref.sty, breaklinks and url.sty 3.2"
    in comp.text.tex 2005-09).


8 HINTS
=======

Index with makeindex
--------------------
  * Package hyperref adds \hyperpage commands by the encap
    mechanism (see documentation of Makeindex),
    if option hyperindex is set (default).
    \hyperpage uses the page anchors that are set by
    hyperref at each page (default). However in the
    default case page numbers are used in anchor names
    in arabic form. If the page numbers in other formats
    are used (book class with \frontmatter, \romannumbering, ...),
    then the page anchors are not unique. Therefore option
    "plainpages=false" is recommended.
  * The encap mechanism of hyperref allows to use one command only
    (see documentation of Makeindex).
    If the user sets such a command, hyperref suppresses its
    \hyperpage command. With logical markup this situation
    can easily be solved:
      \usepackage{makeidx}
      \makeindex
      \usepackage[hyperindex]{hyperref}
      \newcommand*{\main}[1]{\textbf{\hyperpage{#1}}}
      ...
      \index{Some example|main}
  * Other encap characters can be set by option "encap".
    Example for use of "?":
      \usepackage[encap=?]{hyperref}
  * An other possibility is the insertion of \hyperpage by
    a style file for makeindex. For this case, hyperref's
    insertion will be disabled by "hyperindex=false".
    \hyperpage will be defined regardless of setting of hyperindex.

%%% cut %%% hyperindex.ist %%% cut %%%
delim_0 ", \\hyperpage{"
delim_1 ", \\hyperpage{"
delim_2 ", \\hyperpage{"
delim_n "}, \\hyperpage{"
delim_t "}"
encap_prefix "}\\"
encap_infix "{\\hyperpage{"
encap_suffix "}"
%%% cut %%% hyperindex.ist %%% cut %%%

Warning "bookmark level for unknown <foobar> defaults to 0"
-----------------------------------------------------------
  Getting rid of it:

\makeatletter
\providecommand*{\toclevel@<foobar>}{0}
\makeatother

Link anchors in figures
-----------------------
  The caption command increments the counter and here is the
  place where hyperref set the corresponding anchor. Unhappily
  the caption is set below the figure, so the figure is not
  visible if a link jumps to a figure.
    In this cases, try package "hypcap.sty" that implements
  a method to circumvent the problem.

Additional unicode characters in bookmarks and pdf information entries:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
\documentclass[pdftex]{article}
\usepackage[unicode]{hyperref}

% Support for additional unicode characters:
%
% Example: \.{a} and \d{a}
%
% 1. Get a list with unicode data, eg:
%    http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/UnicodeData.txt
%
% 2. Identify the characters (\.{a}, \d{a}):
%
%    0227;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOT ABOVE;...
%    1EA1;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOT BELOW;...
%
% 3. Calculate the octal code:
%    The first characters of the line in the file are
%    hex values, convert each byte and prepend them
%    with a backslash. (This will go into the PDF file.)
%
%    0227 -> \002\047
%    1EA1 -> \036\241
%
% 4. Transform into a form understood by hyperref:
%
%    Hyperref must know where the first byte starts,
%    this is marked by "9" (8 and 9 cannot occur in
%    octal numbers):
%
%    \002\047 -> \9002\047
%    \036\241 -> \9036\241
%
%    Optional: "8" is used for abbreviations:
%    \900 = \80, \901 = \81, \902 = \82, ...
%
%    \9002\047 -> \82\047
%
% 5. Declare the character with LaTeX:
%
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\.}{PU}{a}{\82\047}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\d}{PU}{a}{\9036\241}

\begin{document}
\section{\={a}, \d{a}, \'{a}, \.{a}}
\end{document}

Footnotes
---------
  The footnote support is rather limited. It is beyond the scope
  to use \footnotemark and \footnotetext out of order or reusing
  \footnotemark. Here you can either disable hyperref's footnote
  support by "hyperfootnotes=false" or fiddle with internal macros,
  nasty example:

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{hyperref}

\begin{document}

\makeatletter

A%
  \footnotemark
  \let\saved@Href@A\Hy@footnote@currentHref
  % remember link name
B%
  \footnotemark
  \let\saved@Href@B\Hy@footnote@currentHref
b%
  \addtocounter{footnote}{-1}%
  \addtocounter{Hfootnote}{-1}% generate the same anchor
  \footnotemark
C%
  \footnotemark
  \let\saved@Href@C\Hy@footnote@currentHref

  \addtocounter{footnote}{-2}%
  \let\Hy@footnote@currentHref\saved@Href@A
\footnotetext{AAAA}%
  \addtocounter{footnote}{1}%
  \let\Hy@footnote@currentHref\saved@Href@B
\footnotetext{BBBBB}%
  \addtocounter{footnote}{1}%
  \let\Hy@footnote@currentHref\saved@Href@C
\footnotetext{CCCC}%

\end{document}


9 AUTHORS/MAINTAINERS
=====================

* Sebastian Rahtz
* Heiko Oberdiek


10 BUG REPORTS
==============

A bug report should contain:
* Comprehensive problem description. This includes error or
  warning messages.
  * \errorcontextlines=\maxdimen can be added in the TeX code
    to get more informations in TeX error messages.
* Minimal test file that shows the problem, but does not
  contain any unnecessary packages and code.
* Used drivers/programs.
* Version information about used packages and programs.
  * If you are using LaTeX, then add "\listfiles" to get
    a list of version informations at the end of the
    LaTeX run.
* Please no other files than the minimal test file.
  The other files .log, .dvi, .ps, .pdf are seldom necessary,
  so send them only on request.
Bug address: Heiko Oberdiek <oberdiek@uni-freiburg.de>

Vietnamese part
---------------
Responsible for the Vietnamese translations of the
\autoref names and puvnenc.def are:
  Han The Thanh <hanthethanh at gmail.com>
  Reinhard Kotucha <reinhard.kotucha at web.de>


11 KNOWN PROBLEMS
=================

* (half-done) hyper images (link from thumbnail in text)
* Relative links are not sorted out or documented well.
  For PDF generation:
  * With baseurl: all links are considered relative to this URL.
  * Without baseurl: a relative link without "file:" can be
    achieved by:
      \begingroup
        \hypersetup{linkfileprefix={}}%
        \href{../foo/bar.html}{bar.html}
      \endgroup
* ...


12 TODO
=======

* modules
* bookmark organisation
* documentation
* PDF threads
* more for PDF forms
  * per object setting
  * vary gap between text and box
* ...