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\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage[LGR,T1]{fontenc}
% UTF8 input encoding for pdfTeX or Xe/LuaTeX in 8-bit compatibility mode:
\ifdefined \XeTeXrevision
\XeTeXinputencoding "bytes"
\fi
\ifdefined \luatexversion
\usepackage[utf8]{luainputenc}
\else
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\fi
\usepackage[pdfencoding=auto,colorlinks=true]{hyperref}
\usepackage{bookmark}
% hyperrefs PU encoding supports Greek LICR macros
\DeclareTextCommand{\ensuregreek}{PU}[1]{#1}
\usepackage{textalpha}
\begin{document}
\title{The \emph{textalpha} package}
\author{Günter Milde}
\maketitle
With the \emph{textalpha} package, you can easily write a single Greek
symbol (like \textPsi{} or \textmu{}) or a
\textlambda\textomicron\textgamma\textomicron\textvarsigma{} in non-Greek
text as well as ISO-conforming formulas with upright constants (like
\textpi): $A = \mbox{\textpi} r^2$ vs. $A = \pi r^2$. Input is possible via
LICR macros (\verb|\textalpha| \ldots \verb|\textOmega|) or (with
\emph{\href{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/greek-inputenc}{greek-inputenc}} and the
utf8 option or XeTeX/LuaTeX) Unicode literals.
See the source of this document \url{textalpha-doc.tex} for a setup and
usage example and the literate source of the package
\href{textalpha.sty.html}{textalpha.sty} for the implementation.
\section{Greek alphabet}
Greek letters via Latin transcription in LGR font encoding:
\begin{quote}
\ensuregreek{A B G D E Z H J I K L M N X O P R S T U F Q Y W}\\
\ensuregreek{a b g d e z h j i k l m n x o p r sv c t u f q y w}
\end{quote}
Greek letters via default macros in other font encoding (here T1):
\begin{quote}
\textAlpha{} \textBeta{} \textGamma{} \textDelta{} \textEpsilon{}
\textZeta{} \textEta{} \textTheta{} \textIota{} \textKappa{}
\textLambda{} \textMu{} \textNu{} \textXi{} \textOmicron{} \textPi{}
\textRho{} \textSigma{} \textTau{} \textUpsilon{} \textPhi{}
\textChi{} \textPsi{} \textOmega{}
\\
\textalpha{} \textbeta{} \textgamma{} \textdelta{} \textepsilon{}
\textzeta{} \texteta{} \texttheta{} \textiota{} \textkappa{}
\textlambda{} \textmu{} \textnu{} \textxi{} \textomicron{} \textpi{}
\textrho{} \textsigma{} \textvarsigma{} \texttau{} \textupsilon{}
\textphi{} \textchi{} \textpsi{} \textomega{}
\end{quote}
Archaic Greek letters and Greek punctuation
\begin{quote}
\textDigamma
\textanoteleia
\textQoppa
\textSampi
\textStigma
\textnumeralsigngreek
\texterotimatiko
\\
\textdigamma
\textkoppa
\textqoppa
\textsampi
\textstigma
\textnumeralsignlowergreek
\textvarstigma
\end{quote}
Diacritics
\begin{quote}
Symbol macros:%
\footnote{Composite diacritics require wrapping in
\texttt{\textbackslash ensuregreek}.}
\"{} \'{} \`{} \~{} \<{} \>{} \u{} \={}
\ensuregreek{\"~{} \"'{} \"`{} \<~{} \<`{} \<'{} \>~{} \>'{} \>`{}}
Named macros:
\accdialytika{}
\acctonos{}
\accvaria{}
\accperispomeni{}
\accdasia{}
\accpsili{}
\ypogegrammeni{}
\prosgegrammeni{}
%
\accdialytikaperispomeni{}
\accdialytikatonos{}
\accdialytikavaria{}
\accdasiaperispomeni{}
\accdasiavaria{}
\accdasiaoxia{}
\accpsiliperispomeni{}
\accpsilioxia{}
\accpsilivaria{}
%
\accinvertedbrevebelow{} % == \textsubarch{}
\accbrevebelow{}
\end{quote}
\pagebreak{}
\section{Greek Unicode characters in non-Greek text}
With the \emph{textalpha} package and input encoding \texttt{utf8}, Greek
Unicode characters can be used in text with any font encoding.
Kerning is preserved if the font encoding is LGR. This holds also for
pre-composed accented characters: \ensuregreek{AΫA}.
All characters of the Greek and Coptic Unicode Block present in LGR via
literal Unicode input in T1 font encoding
(legend: * glyph missing in LGR):
\begin{tabular}{rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr}
\toprule
& 0 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & A & B & C & D & E & F\\
\midrule
370 & * & * & * & * & ʹ & ͵ & * & * & & & ͺ & * & * & * & ; & \\
380 & & & & & ΄ & ΅ & Ά & · & Έ & Ή & Ί & & Ό & & Ύ & Ώ\\
390 & ΐ & Α & Β & Γ & Δ & Ε & Ζ & Η & Θ & Ι & Κ & Λ & Μ & Ν & Ξ & Ο\\
3A0 & Π & Ρ & & Σ & Τ & Υ & Φ & Χ & Ψ & Ω & Ϊ & Ϋ & ά & έ & ή & ί\\
3B0 & ΰ & α & β & γ & δ & ε & ζ & η & θ & ι & κ & λ & μ & ν & ξ & ο\\
3C0 & π & ρ & ς & σ & τ & υ & φ & χ & ψ & ω & ϊ & ϋ & ό & ύ & ώ & \\
3D0 & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & Ϙ & ϙ & Ϛ & ϛ & Ϝ & ϝ & * & ϟ\\
3E0 & Ϡ & ϡ & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & *\\
3F0 & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & *\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
All characters of the Greek Extended Unicode Block via literal Unicode
input in T1 font encoding:
\begin{tabular}{rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr}
\toprule
& 0 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & A & B & C & D & E & F\\
\midrule
1F00 & ἀ & ἁ & ἂ & ἃ & ἄ & ἅ & ἆ & ἇ & Ἀ & Ἁ & Ἂ & Ἃ & Ἄ & Ἅ & Ἆ & Ἇ\\
1F10 & ἐ & ἑ & ἒ & ἓ & ἔ & ἕ & & & Ἐ & Ἑ & Ἒ & Ἓ & Ἔ & Ἕ & & \\
1F20 & ἠ & ἡ & ἢ & ἣ & ἤ & ἥ & ἦ & ἧ & Ἠ & Ἡ & Ἢ & Ἣ & Ἤ & Ἥ & Ἦ & Ἧ\\
1F30 & ἰ & ἱ & ἲ & ἳ & ἴ & ἵ & ἶ & ἷ & Ἰ & Ἱ & Ἲ & Ἳ & Ἴ & Ἵ & Ἶ & Ἷ\\
1F40 & ὀ & ὁ & ὂ & ὃ & ὄ & ὅ & & & Ὀ & Ὁ & Ὂ & Ὃ & Ὄ & Ὅ & & \\
1F50 & ὐ & ὑ & ὒ & ὓ & ὔ & ὕ & ὖ & ὗ & & Ὑ & & Ὓ & & Ὕ & & Ὗ\\
1F60 & ὠ & ὡ & ὢ & ὣ & ὤ & ὥ & ὦ & ὧ & Ὠ & Ὡ & Ὢ & Ὣ & Ὤ & Ὥ & Ὦ & Ὧ\\
1F70 & ὰ & ά & ὲ & έ & ὴ & ή & ὶ & ί & ὸ & ό & ὺ & ύ & ὼ & ώ & & \\
1F80 & ᾀ & ᾁ & ᾂ & ᾃ & ᾄ & ᾅ & ᾆ & ᾇ & ᾈ & ᾉ & ᾊ & ᾋ & ᾌ & ᾍ & ᾎ & ᾏ\\
1F90 & ᾐ & ᾑ & ᾒ & ᾓ & ᾔ & ᾕ & ᾖ & ᾗ & ᾘ & ᾙ & ᾚ & ᾛ & ᾜ & ᾝ & ᾞ & ᾟ\\
1FA0 & ᾠ & ᾡ & ᾢ & ᾣ & ᾤ & ᾥ & ᾦ & ᾧ & ᾨ & ᾩ & ᾪ & ᾫ & ᾬ & ᾭ & ᾮ & ᾯ\\
1FB0 & ᾰ & ᾱ & ᾲ & ᾳ & ᾴ & & ᾶ & ᾷ & Ᾰ & Ᾱ & Ὰ & Ά & ᾼ & ᾽ & ι & ᾿\\
1FC0 & ῀ & ῁ & ῂ & ῃ & ῄ & & ῆ & ῇ & Ὲ & Έ & Ὴ & Ή & ῌ & ῍ & ῎ & ῏\\
1FD0 & ῐ & ῑ & ῒ & ΐ & & & ῖ & ῗ & Ῐ & Ῑ & Ὶ & Ί & & ῝ & ῞ & ῟\\
1FE0 & ῠ & ῡ & ῢ & ΰ & ῤ & ῥ & ῦ & ῧ & Ῠ & Ῡ & Ὺ & Ύ & Ῥ & ῭ & ΅ & `\\
1FF0 & & & ῲ & ῳ & ῴ & & ῶ & ῷ & Ὸ & Ό & Ὼ & Ώ & ῼ & ´ & ῾ & \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
Combined Diacritics work ᾅ, diacritics (except diaeresis) are dropped with
MakeUppercase (μαΐστρος $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{μαΐστρος}).
\section{PDF strings}
With \emph{textalpha} and
\emph{\href{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/greek-inputenc}{greek-inputenc}}, there
are two options to get Greek letters in PDF strings: LICR macros and literal
Unicode input.
\subsection{\textlambda\textomicron\textgamma\textomicron\textvarsigma{},
λογος and \ensuregreek{logos}}
The subsection title above uses: LICR macros, Unicode input and the LGR
transcription for the Greek word \ensuregreek{logos}. Check the table of
contents in the PDF viewer: LICR macros and Unicode literals work fine, the
Latin transcription remains Latin in the PDF metadata.
\section{Limitations}
Because the internal font encoding switch interferes with other work behind
the scenes, kerning, diacritics and up/down-casing show problems if Greek
letters are used without explicit change of the font encoding. These
problems can be avoided by use of \emph{babel} and the correct language
setting (greek) or an explicit font encoding switch (e.g.
wrapping the Greek text in \verb|\ensuregreek|%
\footnote{The \texttt{\textbackslash ensuregreek} macro ensures the argument
is set in a font encoding supporting Greek. This can be used to fix these
problems without adverse side-effects if the active font encoding is already
LGR.}).
\subsection{Diacritics}
Composition of diacritics (like \verb|\accdasia\acctonos|) fails in other
font encodings. Long names (like \verb|\accdasiaoxia|) work, however they do
not select pre-composed characters. With LGR, pre-composed glyphs are chosen
if available (the difference becomes obvious if you drag-and-drop text from
the PDF version of this document):
%
\ensuregreek{\<'a \accdasia\acctonos a \accdasiaoxia a
\accdasiaoxia\textalpha} (LGR) vs. \accdasiaoxia\textalpha{} (T1).
According to Greek typographical tradition, diacritics (except the
dialytika) are placed before capital letters in titlecase and dropped in
all-caps:
%
\begin{quote}
\ensuregreek{%
\<{\textalpha} \>{\textepsilon} \"'{\textiota} \`>\texteta{}
\'<{\textomicron} \~<{\textupsilon} \~>{\textomega}
\\
\<{\textAlpha} \>{\textEpsilon} \"{\textIota} \`>\textEta{}
\'<{\textOmicron} \~<{\textUpsilon} \~>{\textOmega}
\\
\MakeUppercase{%
\<{\textalpha} \>{\textepsilon} \"'{\textiota} \`\>\texteta{}
\'<{\textomicron} \~<{\textupsilon} \~>{\textomega}.
}
}
\end{quote}
%
This fails if the active font encoding is not LGR:
\ensuregreek{\'\textAlpha} (LGR) vs. \'\textAlpha (T1).
To overcome this, the \verb|\ensuregreek| macro is used in composite Unicode
character definitions: \ensuregreek{Ά} (LGR) = Ά (T1).
The dialytika marks a \emph{hiatus} (break-up of a diphthong). It must be
present in UPPERCASE even where it is redundant in lowercase (the hiatus can
also be marked by an accent on the first character of a diphthong). The
auto-hiatus feature works in LGR font encoding only:
\acctonos\textalpha\textupsilon{}, \acctonos\textepsilon\textiota{} $\mapsto$
\MakeUppercase{\ensuregreek{
\acctonos\textalpha\textupsilon{}, \acctonos\textepsilon\textiota{}
}} vs.
\MakeUppercase{
\acctonos\textalpha\textupsilon{}, \acctonos\textepsilon\textiota{}%
}.
Currently, the second vowel of the diphthong must be given as macro, not
Unicode literal if the auto-hiatus feature should work:
\ensuregreek{ἀ\textupsilon{}πνία} $\mapsto$
\ensuregreek{\MakeUppercase{\ensuregreek{ἀ\textupsilon{}πνία}}} vs.
\ensuregreek{\MakeUppercase{\ensuregreek{ἀυπνία}}}.
\subsection{Kerning}
No kerning occurs between Greek characters in non-Greek text due to the
internal font encoding switch: compare
\ensuregreek{\textAlpha\textUpsilon\textAlpha} (LGR) to
\textAlpha\textUpsilon\textAlpha (T1).
Compiling with LuaTeX provides kerning also over font encoding boundaries.
\end{document}
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