summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/feupphdteses/IEEEtranSN.bst
blob: e13222105a1ce823b2f8e1020fc4f22e8706f552 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2378
2379
2380
2381
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2398
2399
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
2469
2470
2471
2472
2473
2474
2475
2476
2477
2478
2479
2480
2481
2482
2483
2484
2485
2486
2487
2488
2489
2490
2491
2492
2493
2494
2495
2496
2497
2498
2499
2500
2501
2502
2503
2504
2505
2506
2507
2508
2509
2510
2511
2512
2513
2514
2515
2516
2517
2518
2519
2520
2521
2522
2523
2524
2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554
2555
2556
2557
2558
2559
2560
2561
2562
2563
2564
2565
2566
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
2574
2575
2576
2577
2578
2579
2580
2581
2582
2583
2584
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
2590
2591
2592
2593
2594
2595
2596
2597
2598
2599
2600
2601
2602
2603
2604
2605
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613
2614
2615
2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631
2632
2633
2634
2635
2636
2637
2638
2639
2640
2641
2642
2643
2644
2645
2646
2647
2648
2649
2650
2651
2652
2653
2654
2655
2656
2657
2658
2659
2660
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665
2666
2667
2668
2669
2670
2671
2672
2673
2674
2675
2676
2677
2678
2679
2680
2681
2682
2683
2684
2685
2686
2687
2688
2689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700
2701
2702
2703
2704
2705
2706
2707
2708
2709
2710
2711
2712
2713
2714
2715
2716
2717
2718
2719
2720
2721
2722
2723
2724
2725
2726
2727
2728
2729
2730
2731
2732
2733
2734
2735
2736
2737
2738
2739
2740
2741
2742
2743
2744
2745
2746
2747
2748
2749
2750
2751
2752
2753
2754
2755
2756
2757
2758
2759
2760
2761
2762
2763
2764
2765
2766
2767
2768
2769
2770
2771
2772
2773
2774
2775
2776
2777
2778
2779
2780
2781
2782
2783
2784
2785
2786
2787
2788
2789
2790
2791
2792
2793
2794
2795
2796
2797
2798
2799
2800
2801
2802
2803
2804
2805
2806
2807
2808
2809
2810
2811
2812
2813
2814
2815
2816
2817
2818
2819
2820
2821
2822
2823
2824
2825
2826
2827
2828
2829
2830
2831
2832
2833
2834
2835
2836
2837
2838
2839
2840
2841
2842
2843
2844
2845
2846
2847
2848
2849
2850
2851
2852
2853
2854
2855
2856
2857
%%
%% IEEEtranSN.bst
%% BibTeX Bibliography Style file
%% Sorting Natbib version of IEEEtran.bst
%% *** Not for normal IEEE work ***
%% Version 1.13 (2008/09/30)
%% 
%% Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Michael Shell
%% 
%% Original starting code base and algorithms obtained from the output of
%% Patrick W. Daly's makebst package as well as from prior versions of
%% IEEE BibTeX styles:
%% 
%% 1. Howard Trickey and Oren Patashnik's ieeetr.bst  (1985/1988)
%% 2. Silvano Balemi and Richard H. Roy's IEEEbib.bst (1993)
%% 
%% Added sorting and natbib code is from Patrick W Daly's plainnat.bst
%% and Oren Patashnik's plain.bst.
%% 
%% 
%% Support sites:
%% http://www.michaelshell.org/tex/ieeetran/
%% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/IEEEtran/
%% and/or
%% http://www.ieee.org/
%% 
%% For use with BibTeX version 0.99a or later
%%
%% This is a natbib compatible citation style.
%% 
%%*************************************************************************
%% Legal Notice:
%% This code is offered as-is without any warranty either expressed or
%% implied; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
%% FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE! 
%% User assumes all risk.
%% In no event shall IEEE or any contributor to this code be liable for
%% any damages or losses, including, but not limited to, incidental,
%% consequential, or any other damages, resulting from the use or misuse
%% of any information contained here.
%%
%% All comments are the opinions of their respective authors and are not
%% necessarily endorsed by the IEEE.
%%
%% This work is distributed under the LaTeX Project Public License (LPPL)
%% ( http://www.latex-project.org/ ) version 1.3, and may be freely used,
%% distributed and modified. A copy of the LPPL, version 1.3, is included
%% in the base LaTeX documentation of all distributions of LaTeX released
%% 2003/12/01 or later.
%% Retain all contribution notices and credits.
%% ** Modified files should be clearly indicated as such, including  **
%% ** renaming them and changing author support contact information. **
%%
%% File list of work: IEEEabrv.bib, IEEEfull.bib, IEEEexample.bib,
%%                    IEEEtran.bst, IEEEtranS.bst, IEEEtranSA.bst,
%%                    IEEEtranN.bst, IEEEtranSN.bst, IEEEtran_bst_HOWTO.pdf
%%*************************************************************************
%
%
% Changelog:
%
% 1.12 (2007/01/11) Initial release
%
% 1.13 (2008/09/30)
%  1. Fixed bug with edition number to ordinal conversion. Thanks to
%     Michael Roland for reporting this and correcting the algorithm.


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% DEFAULTS FOR THE CONTROLS OF THE BST STYLE %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% These are the defaults for the user adjustable controls. The values used
% here can be overridden by the user via IEEEtranBSTCTL entry type.

% NOTE: The recommended LaTeX command to invoke a control entry type is:
% 
%\makeatletter
%\def\bstctlcite{\@ifnextchar[{\@bstctlcite}{\@bstctlcite[@auxout]}}
%\def\@bstctlcite[#1]#2{\@bsphack
%  \@for\@citeb:=#2\do{%
%    \edef\@citeb{\expandafter\@firstofone\@citeb}%
%    \if@filesw\immediate\write\csname #1\endcsname{\string\citation{\@citeb}}\fi}%
%  \@esphack}
%\makeatother
%
% It is called at the start of the document, before the first \cite, like:
% \bstctlcite{IEEEexample:BSTcontrol}
%
% IEEEtran.cls V1.6 and later does provide this command.



% #0 turns off the display of the number for articles.
% #1 enables
FUNCTION {default.is.use.number.for.article} { #1 }


% #0 turns off the display of the paper and type fields in @inproceedings.
% #1 enables
FUNCTION {default.is.use.paper} { #1 }


% #0 turns off the forced use of "et al."
% #1 enables
FUNCTION {default.is.forced.et.al} { #0 }

% The maximum number of names that can be present beyond which an "et al."
% usage is forced. Be sure that num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al (below)
% is not greater than this value!
% Note: There are many instances of references in IEEE journals which have
% a very large number of authors as well as instances in which "et al." is
% used profusely.
FUNCTION {default.max.num.names.before.forced.et.al} { #10 }

% The number of names that will be shown with a forced "et al.".
% Must be less than or equal to max.num.names.before.forced.et.al
FUNCTION {default.num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al} { #1 }


% #0 turns off the alternate interword spacing for entries with URLs.
% #1 enables
FUNCTION {default.is.use.alt.interword.spacing} { #1 }

% If alternate interword spacing for entries with URLs is enabled, this is
% the interword spacing stretch factor that will be used. For example, the
% default "4" here means that the interword spacing in entries with URLs can
% stretch to four times normal. Does not have to be an integer. Note that
% the value specified here can be overridden by the user in their LaTeX
% code via a command such as: 
% "\providecommand\BIBentryALTinterwordstretchfactor{1.5}" in addition to
% that via the IEEEtranBSTCTL entry type.
FUNCTION {default.ALTinterwordstretchfactor} { "4" }


% #0 turns off the "dashification" of repeated (i.e., identical to those
% of the previous entry) names. IEEE normally does this.
% #1 enables
FUNCTION {default.is.dash.repeated.names} { #1 }


% The default name format control string.
FUNCTION {default.name.format.string}{ "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" }


% The default LaTeX font command for the names.
FUNCTION {default.name.latex.cmd}{ "" }


% The default URL prefix.
FUNCTION {default.name.url.prefix}{ "[Online]. Available:" }


% Other controls that cannot be accessed via IEEEtranBSTCTL entry type.

% #0 turns off the terminal startup banner/completed message so as to
% operate more quietly.
% #1 enables
FUNCTION {is.print.banners.to.terminal} { #1 }




%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% FILE VERSION AND BANNER %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

FUNCTION{bst.file.version} { "1.13" }
FUNCTION{bst.file.date} { "2008/09/30" }
FUNCTION{bst.file.website} { "http://www.michaelshell.org/tex/ieeetran/bibtex/" }

FUNCTION {banner.message}
{ is.print.banners.to.terminal
     { "-- IEEEtranSN.bst version" " " * bst.file.version *
       " (" * bst.file.date * ") " * "by Michael Shell." *
       top$
       "-- " bst.file.website *
       top$
       "-- See the " quote$ * "IEEEtran_bst_HOWTO.pdf" * quote$ * " manual for usage information." *
       top$
       "** Sorting Natbib version - not for normal IEEE work."
       top$
     }
     { skip$ }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {completed.message}
{ is.print.banners.to.terminal
     { ""
       top$
       "Done."
       top$
     }
     { skip$ }
   if$
}




%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% STRING CONSTANTS %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

FUNCTION {bbl.and}{ "and" }
FUNCTION {bbl.etal}{ "et~al." }
FUNCTION {bbl.editors}{ "eds." }
FUNCTION {bbl.editor}{ "ed." }
FUNCTION {bbl.edition}{ "ed." }
FUNCTION {bbl.volume}{ "vol." }
FUNCTION {bbl.of}{ "of" }
FUNCTION {bbl.number}{ "no." }
FUNCTION {bbl.in}{ "in" }
FUNCTION {bbl.pages}{ "pp." }
FUNCTION {bbl.page}{ "p." }
FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}{ "ch." }
FUNCTION {bbl.paper}{ "paper" }
FUNCTION {bbl.part}{ "pt." }
FUNCTION {bbl.patent}{ "Patent" }
FUNCTION {bbl.patentUS}{ "U.S." }
FUNCTION {bbl.revision}{ "Rev." }
FUNCTION {bbl.series}{ "ser." }
FUNCTION {bbl.standard}{ "Std." }
FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}{ "Tech. Rep." }
FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}{ "Master's thesis" }
FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}{ "Ph.D. dissertation" }
FUNCTION {bbl.st}{ "st" }
FUNCTION {bbl.nd}{ "nd" }
FUNCTION {bbl.rd}{ "rd" }
FUNCTION {bbl.th}{ "th" }


% This is the LaTeX spacer that is used when a larger than normal space
% is called for (such as just before the address:publisher).
FUNCTION {large.space} { "\hskip 1em plus 0.5em minus 0.4em\relax " }

% The LaTeX code for dashes that are used to represent repeated names.
% Note: Some older IEEE journals used something like
% "\rule{0.275in}{0.5pt}\," which is fairly thick and runs right along
% the baseline. However, IEEE now uses a thinner, above baseline,
% six dash long sequence.
FUNCTION {repeated.name.dashes} { "------" }



%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% PREDEFINED STRING MACROS %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}
MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}
MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}
MACRO {may} {"May"}
MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}
MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}
MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}
MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}



%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% ENTRY FIELDS %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

ENTRY
  { address
    assignee
    author
    booktitle
    chapter
    day
    dayfiled
    edition
    editor
    howpublished
    institution
    intype
    journal
    key
    language
    month
    monthfiled
    nationality
    note
    number
    organization
    pages
    paper
    publisher
    school
    series
    revision
    title
    type
    url
    volume
    year
    yearfiled
    CTLuse_article_number
    CTLuse_paper
    CTLuse_forced_etal
    CTLmax_names_forced_etal
    CTLnames_show_etal
    CTLuse_alt_spacing
    CTLalt_stretch_factor
    CTLdash_repeated_names
    CTLname_format_string
    CTLname_latex_cmd
    CTLname_url_prefix
  }
  {}
  { label extra.label sort.label short.list}




%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% INTEGER VARIABLES %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

INTEGERS { prev.status.punct this.status.punct punct.std
           punct.no punct.comma punct.period 
           prev.status.space this.status.space space.std
           space.no space.normal space.large
           prev.status.quote this.status.quote quote.std
           quote.no quote.close
           prev.status.nline this.status.nline nline.std
           nline.no nline.newblock 
           status.cap cap.std
           cap.no cap.yes}

INTEGERS { longest.label.width multiresult nameptr namesleft number.label numnames }

INTEGERS { is.use.number.for.article
           is.use.paper
           is.forced.et.al
           max.num.names.before.forced.et.al
           num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al
           is.use.alt.interword.spacing
           is.dash.repeated.names}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% STRING VARIABLES %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

STRINGS { bibinfo
          longest.label
          oldname
          s
          t
          ALTinterwordstretchfactor
          name.format.string
          name.latex.cmd
          name.url.prefix}




%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% LOW LEVEL FUNCTIONS %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

FUNCTION {initialize.controls}
{ default.is.use.number.for.article 'is.use.number.for.article :=
  default.is.use.paper 'is.use.paper :=
  default.is.forced.et.al 'is.forced.et.al :=
  default.max.num.names.before.forced.et.al 'max.num.names.before.forced.et.al :=
  default.num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al 'num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al :=
  default.is.use.alt.interword.spacing 'is.use.alt.interword.spacing :=
  default.is.dash.repeated.names 'is.dash.repeated.names :=
  default.ALTinterwordstretchfactor 'ALTinterwordstretchfactor :=
  default.name.format.string 'name.format.string :=
  default.name.latex.cmd 'name.latex.cmd :=
  default.name.url.prefix 'name.url.prefix :=
}


% This IEEEtran.bst features a very powerful and flexible mechanism for
% controlling the capitalization, punctuation, spacing, quotation, and
% newlines of the formatted entry fields. (Note: IEEEtran.bst does not need
% or use the newline/newblock feature, but it has been implemented for
% possible future use.) The output states of IEEEtran.bst consist of
% multiple independent attributes and, as such, can be thought of as being
% vectors, rather than the simple scalar values ("before.all", 
% "mid.sentence", etc.) used in most other .bst files.
% 
% The more flexible and complex design used here was motivated in part by
% IEEE's rather unusual bibliography style. For example, IEEE ends the
% previous field item with a period and large space prior to the publisher
% address; the @electronic entry types use periods as inter-item punctuation
% rather than the commas used by the other entry types; and URLs are never
% followed by periods even though they are the last item in the entry.
% Although it is possible to accommodate these features with the conventional
% output state system, the seemingly endless exceptions make for convoluted,
% unreliable and difficult to maintain code.
%
% IEEEtran.bst's output state system can be easily understood via a simple
% illustration of two most recently formatted entry fields (on the stack):
%
%               CURRENT_ITEM
%               "PREVIOUS_ITEM
%
% which, in this example, is to eventually appear in the bibliography as:
% 
%               "PREVIOUS_ITEM," CURRENT_ITEM
%
% It is the job of the output routine to take the previous item off of the
% stack (while leaving the current item at the top of the stack), apply its
% trailing punctuation (including closing quote marks) and spacing, and then
% to write the result to BibTeX's output buffer:
% 
%               "PREVIOUS_ITEM," 
% 
% Punctuation (and spacing) between items is often determined by both of the
% items rather than just the first one. The presence of quotation marks
% further complicates the situation because, in standard English, trailing
% punctuation marks are supposed to be contained within the quotes.
% 
% IEEEtran.bst maintains two output state (aka "status") vectors which
% correspond to the previous and current (aka "this") items. Each vector
% consists of several independent attributes which track punctuation,
% spacing, quotation, and newlines. Capitalization status is handled by a
% separate scalar because the format routines, not the output routine,
% handle capitalization and, therefore, there is no need to maintain the
% capitalization attribute for both the "previous" and "this" items.
% 
% When a format routine adds a new item, it copies the current output status
% vector to the previous output status vector and (usually) resets the
% current (this) output status vector to a "standard status" vector. Using a
% "standard status" vector in this way allows us to redefine what we mean by
% "standard status" at the start of each entry handler and reuse the same
% format routines under the various inter-item separation schemes. For
% example, the standard status vector for the @book entry type may use
% commas for item separators, while the @electronic type may use periods,
% yet both entry handlers exploit many of the exact same format routines.
% 
% Because format routines have write access to the output status vector of
% the previous item, they can override the punctuation choices of the
% previous format routine! Therefore, it becomes trivial to implement rules
% such as "Always use a period and a large space before the publisher." By
% pushing the generation of the closing quote mark to the output routine, we
% avoid all the problems caused by having to close a quote before having all
% the information required to determine what the punctuation should be.
%
% The IEEEtran.bst output state system can easily be expanded if needed.
% For instance, it is easy to add a "space.tie" attribute value if the
% bibliography rules mandate that two items have to be joined with an
% unbreakable space. 

FUNCTION {initialize.status.constants}
{ #0 'punct.no :=
  #1 'punct.comma :=
  #2 'punct.period :=
  #0 'space.no := 
  #1 'space.normal :=
  #2 'space.large :=
  #0 'quote.no :=
  #1 'quote.close :=
  #0 'cap.no :=
  #1 'cap.yes :=
  #0 'nline.no :=
  #1 'nline.newblock :=
}

FUNCTION {std.status.using.comma}
{ punct.comma 'punct.std :=
  space.normal 'space.std :=
  quote.no 'quote.std :=
  nline.no 'nline.std :=
  cap.no 'cap.std :=
}

FUNCTION {std.status.using.period}
{ punct.period 'punct.std :=
  space.normal 'space.std :=
  quote.no 'quote.std :=
  nline.no 'nline.std :=
  cap.yes 'cap.std :=
}

FUNCTION {initialize.prev.this.status}
{ punct.no 'prev.status.punct :=
  space.no 'prev.status.space :=
  quote.no 'prev.status.quote :=
  nline.no 'prev.status.nline :=
  punct.no 'this.status.punct :=
  space.no 'this.status.space :=
  quote.no 'this.status.quote :=
  nline.no 'this.status.nline :=
  cap.yes 'status.cap :=
}

FUNCTION {this.status.std}
{ punct.std 'this.status.punct :=
  space.std 'this.status.space :=
  quote.std 'this.status.quote :=
  nline.std 'this.status.nline :=
}

FUNCTION {cap.status.std}{ cap.std 'status.cap := }

FUNCTION {this.to.prev.status}
{ this.status.punct 'prev.status.punct :=
  this.status.space 'prev.status.space :=
  this.status.quote 'prev.status.quote :=
  this.status.nline 'prev.status.nline :=
}


FUNCTION {not}
{   { #0 }
    { #1 }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {and}
{   { skip$ }
    { pop$ #0 }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {or}
{   { pop$ #1 }
    { skip$ }
  if$
}


% convert the strings "yes" or "no" to #1 or #0 respectively
FUNCTION {yes.no.to.int}
{ "l" change.case$ duplicate$
    "yes" =
    { pop$  #1 }
    { duplicate$ "no" =
        { pop$ #0 }
        { "unknown boolean " quote$ * swap$ * quote$ *
          " in " * cite$ * warning$
          #0
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}


% pushes true if the single char string on the stack is in the
% range of "0" to "9"
FUNCTION {is.num}
{ chr.to.int$
  duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not
  swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and
}

% multiplies the integer on the stack by a factor of 10
FUNCTION {bump.int.mag}
{ #0 'multiresult :=
    { duplicate$ #0 > }
    { #1 -
      multiresult #10 +
      'multiresult :=
    }
  while$
pop$
multiresult
}

% converts a single character string on the stack to an integer
FUNCTION {char.to.integer}
{ duplicate$ 
  is.num
    { chr.to.int$ "0" chr.to.int$ - }
    {"noninteger character " quote$ * swap$ * quote$ *
          " in integer field of " * cite$ * warning$
    #0
    }
  if$
}

% converts a string on the stack to an integer
FUNCTION {string.to.integer}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ 'namesleft :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  #0 'numnames :=
    { nameptr namesleft > not }
    { duplicate$ nameptr #1 substring$
      char.to.integer numnames bump.int.mag +
      'numnames :=
      nameptr #1 +
      'nameptr :=
    }
  while$
pop$
numnames
}




% The output routines write out the *next* to the top (previous) item on the
% stack, adding punctuation and such as needed. Since IEEEtran.bst maintains
% the output status for the top two items on the stack, these output
% routines have to consider the previous output status (which corresponds to
% the item that is being output). Full independent control of punctuation,
% closing quote marks, spacing, and newblock is provided.
% 
% "output.nonnull" does not check for the presence of a previous empty
% item.
% 
% "output" does check for the presence of a previous empty item and will
% remove an empty item rather than outputing it.
% 
% "output.warn" is like "output", but will issue a warning if it detects
% an empty item.

FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ swap$
  prev.status.punct punct.comma =
     { "," * }
     { skip$ }
   if$
  prev.status.punct punct.period =
     { add.period$ }
     { skip$ }
   if$ 
  prev.status.quote quote.close =
     { "''" * }
     { skip$ }
   if$
  prev.status.space space.normal =
     { " " * }
     { skip$ }
   if$
  prev.status.space space.large =
     { large.space * }
     { skip$ }
   if$
  write$
  prev.status.nline nline.newblock =
     { newline$ "\newblock " write$ }
     { skip$ }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}

FUNCTION {output.warn}
{ 't :=
  duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}

% "fin.entry" is the output routine that handles the last item of the entry
% (which will be on the top of the stack when "fin.entry" is called).

FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ this.status.punct punct.no =
     { skip$ }
     { add.period$ }
   if$
   this.status.quote quote.close =
     { "''" * }
     { skip$ }
   if$
write$
newline$
}


FUNCTION {is.last.char.not.punct}
{ duplicate$
   "}" * add.period$
   #-1 #1 substring$ "." =
}

FUNCTION {is.multiple.pages}
{ 't :=
  #0 'multiresult :=
    { multiresult not
      t empty$ not
      and
    }
    { t #1 #1 substring$
      duplicate$ "-" =
      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
      swap$ "+" =
      or or
        { #1 'multiresult := }
        { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
      if$
    }
  while$
  multiresult
}

FUNCTION {capitalize}{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }

FUNCTION {emphasize}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    { "\emph{" swap$ * "}" * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {do.name.latex.cmd}
{ name.latex.cmd
  empty$
    { skip$ }
    { name.latex.cmd "{" * swap$ * "}" * }
  if$
}

% IEEEtran.bst uses its own \BIBforeignlanguage command which directly
% invokes the TeX hyphenation patterns without the need of the Babel
% package. Babel does a lot more than switch hyphenation patterns and
% its loading can cause unintended effects in many class files (such as
% IEEEtran.cls).
FUNCTION {select.language}
{ duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
    { language empty$ 'skip$
        { "\BIBforeignlanguage{" language * "}{" * swap$ * "}" * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {tie.or.space.prefix}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
    { "~" }
    { " " }
  if$
  swap$
}

FUNCTION {get.bbl.editor}
{ editor num.names$ #1 > 'bbl.editors 'bbl.editor if$ }

FUNCTION {space.word}{ " " swap$ * " " * }


% Field Conditioners, Converters, Checkers and External Interfaces

FUNCTION {empty.field.to.null.string}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    { skip$ }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
    { pop$ }
    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {empty.entry.warn}
{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
  month empty$ year empty$ note empty$ url empty$
  and and and and and and
    { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
    'skip$
  if$
}


% The bibinfo system provides a way for the electronic parsing/acquisition
% of a bibliography's contents as is done by ReVTeX. For example, a field
% could be entered into the bibliography as:
% \bibinfo{volume}{2}
% Only the "2" would show up in the document, but the LaTeX \bibinfo command
% could do additional things with the information. IEEEtran.bst does provide
% a \bibinfo command via "\providecommand{\bibinfo}[2]{#2}". However, it is
% currently not used as the bogus bibinfo functions defined here output the
% entry values directly without the \bibinfo wrapper. The bibinfo functions
% themselves (and the calls to them) are retained for possible future use.
% 
% bibinfo.check avoids acting on missing fields while bibinfo.warn will
% issue a warning message if a missing field is detected. Prior to calling
% the bibinfo functions, the user should push the field value and then its
% name string, in that order.

FUNCTION {bibinfo.check}
{ swap$ duplicate$ missing$
    { pop$ pop$ "" }
    { duplicate$ empty$
        { swap$ pop$ }
        { swap$ pop$ }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {bibinfo.warn}
{ swap$ duplicate$ missing$
    { swap$ "missing " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ pop$ "" }
    { duplicate$ empty$
        { swap$ "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
        { swap$ pop$ }
      if$
    }
  if$
}


% IEEE separates large numbers with more than 4 digits into groups of
% three. IEEE uses a small space to separate these number groups. 
% Typical applications include patent and page numbers.

% number of consecutive digits required to trigger the group separation.
FUNCTION {large.number.trigger}{ #5 }

% For numbers longer than the trigger, this is the blocksize of the groups.
% The blocksize must be less than the trigger threshold, and 2 * blocksize
% must be greater than the trigger threshold (can't do more than one
% separation on the initial trigger).
FUNCTION {large.number.blocksize}{ #3 }

% What is actually inserted between the number groups.
FUNCTION {large.number.separator}{ "\," }

% So as to save on integer variables by reusing existing ones, numnames
% holds the current number of consecutive digits read and nameptr holds
% the number that will trigger an inserted space.
FUNCTION {large.number.separate}
{ 't :=
  ""
  #0 'numnames :=
  large.number.trigger 'nameptr :=
  { t empty$ not }
  { t #-1 #1 substring$ is.num
      { numnames #1 + 'numnames := }
      { #0 'numnames := 
        large.number.trigger 'nameptr :=
      }
    if$
    t #-1 #1 substring$ swap$ *
    t #-2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
    numnames nameptr =
      { duplicate$ #1 nameptr large.number.blocksize - substring$ swap$
        nameptr large.number.blocksize - #1 + global.max$ substring$
        large.number.separator swap$ * *
        nameptr large.number.blocksize - 'numnames :=
        large.number.blocksize #1 + 'nameptr :=
      }
      { skip$ }
    if$
  }
  while$
}

% Converts all single dashes "-" to double dashes "--".
FUNCTION {n.dashify}
{ large.number.separate
  't :=
  ""
    { t empty$ not }
    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
        { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
            { "--" *
              t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
            }
            {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
                { "-" *
                  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
                }
              while$
            }
          if$
        }
        { t #1 #1 substring$ *
          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
        }
      if$
    }
  while$
}


% This function detects entries with names that are identical to that of
% the previous entry and replaces the repeated names with dashes (if the
% "is.dash.repeated.names" user control is nonzero).
FUNCTION {name.or.dash}
{ 's :=
   oldname empty$
     { s 'oldname := s }
     { s oldname =
         { is.dash.repeated.names
              { repeated.name.dashes }
              { s 'oldname := s }
            if$
         }
         { s 'oldname := s }
       if$
     }
   if$
}

% Converts the number string on the top of the stack to
% "numerical ordinal form" (e.g., "7" to "7th"). There is
% no artificial limit to the upper bound of the numbers as the
% two least significant digits determine the ordinal form.
FUNCTION {num.to.ordinal}
{ duplicate$ #-2 #1 substring$ "1" =
      { bbl.th * }
      { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$ "1" =
          { bbl.st * }
          { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$ "2" =
              { bbl.nd * }
              { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$ "3" =
                  { bbl.rd * }
                  { bbl.th * }
                if$
              }
            if$
          }
        if$
      }
    if$
}

% If the string on the top of the stack begins with a number,
% (e.g., 11th) then replace the string with the leading number
% it contains. Otherwise retain the string as-is. s holds the
% extracted number, t holds the part of the string that remains
% to be scanned.
FUNCTION {extract.num}
{ duplicate$ 't :=
  "" 's :=
  { t empty$ not }
  { t #1 #1 substring$
    t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
    duplicate$ is.num
      { s swap$ * 's := }
      { pop$ "" 't := }
    if$
  }
  while$
  s empty$
    'skip$
    { pop$ s }
  if$
}

% Converts the word number string on the top of the stack to
% Arabic string form. Will be successful up to "tenth".
FUNCTION {word.to.num}
{ duplicate$ "l" change.case$ 's :=
  s "first" =
    { pop$ "1" }
    { skip$ }
  if$
  s "second" =
    { pop$ "2" }
    { skip$ }
  if$
  s "third" =
    { pop$ "3" }
    { skip$ }
  if$
  s "fourth" =
    { pop$ "4" }
    { skip$ }
  if$
  s "fifth" =
    { pop$ "5" }
    { skip$ }
  if$
  s "sixth" =
    { pop$ "6" }
    { skip$ }
  if$
  s "seventh" =
    { pop$ "7" }
    { skip$ }
  if$
  s "eighth" =
    { pop$ "8" }
    { skip$ }
  if$
  s "ninth" =
    { pop$ "9" }
    { skip$ }
  if$
  s "tenth" =
    { pop$ "10" }
    { skip$ }
  if$
}


% Converts the string on the top of the stack to numerical
% ordinal (e.g., "11th") form.
FUNCTION {convert.edition}
{ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    { duplicate$ #1 #1 substring$ is.num
        { extract.num
          num.to.ordinal
        }
        { word.to.num
          duplicate$ #1 #1 substring$ is.num
            { num.to.ordinal }
            { "edition ordinal word " quote$ * edition * quote$ *
              " may be too high (or improper) for conversion" * " in " * cite$ * warning$
            }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}




%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% LATEX BIBLIOGRAPHY CODE %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% from plainnat.bst
FUNCTION {format.full.names}
{'s :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr
      "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ 't :=
      nameptr #1 >
        {
          namesleft #1 >
            { ", " * t * }
            {
              numnames #2 >
                { "," * }
                'skip$
              if$
              t "others" =
                { " et~al." * }
                { " and " * t * }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
        't
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.full}
{ author empty$
    { editor empty$
        { "" }
        { editor format.full.names }
      if$
    }
    { author format.full.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.full}
{ author empty$
    { "" }
    { author format.full.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.full}
{ editor empty$
    { "" }
    { editor format.full.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {make.full.names}
{ type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
    { author.editor.full }
    { type$ "proceedings" =
      type$ "periodical" =
      or
        { editor.full }
        { author.full }
      if$
    }
  if$
}
% END from plainnat.bst

FUNCTION {start.entry}
{ newline$
  "\bibitem[" write$
  label write$
  ")" make.full.names duplicate$ short.list =
     { pop$ }
     { * }
   if$
  "]{" * write$
  cite$ write$
  "}" write$
  newline$
  ""
  initialize.prev.this.status
}

% Here we write out all the LaTeX code that we will need. The most involved
% code sequences are those that control the alternate interword spacing and
% foreign language hyphenation patterns. The heavy use of \providecommand
% gives users a way to override the defaults. Special thanks to Javier Bezos,
% Johannes Braams, Robin Fairbairns, Heiko Oberdiek, Donald Arseneau and all
% the other gurus on comp.text.tex for their help and advice on the topic of
% \selectlanguage, Babel and BibTeX.
FUNCTION {begin.bib}
{ "% Generated by IEEEtranSN.bst, version: " bst.file.version * " (" * bst.file.date * ")" *
  write$ newline$
  preamble$ empty$ 'skip$
    { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
  if$
  "\begin{thebibliography}{" number.label int.to.str$ * "}" *
  write$ newline$
  "\providecommand{\natexlab}[1]{#1}"
  write$ newline$
  "\providecommand{\url}[1]{#1}"
  write$ newline$
  "\csname url@samestyle\endcsname"
  write$ newline$
  "\providecommand{\newblock}{\relax}"
  write$ newline$
  "\providecommand{\bibinfo}[2]{#2}"
  write$ newline$
  "\providecommand{\BIBentrySTDinterwordspacing}{\spaceskip=0pt\relax}"
  write$ newline$
  "\providecommand{\BIBentryALTinterwordstretchfactor}{"
  ALTinterwordstretchfactor * "}" *
  write$ newline$
  "\providecommand{\BIBentryALTinterwordspacing}{\spaceskip=\fontdimen2\font plus "
  write$ newline$
  "\BIBentryALTinterwordstretchfactor\fontdimen3\font minus \fontdimen4\font\relax}"
  write$ newline$
  "\providecommand{\BIBforeignlanguage}[2]{{%"
  write$ newline$
  "\expandafter\ifx\csname l@#1\endcsname\relax"
  write$ newline$
  "\typeout{** WARNING: IEEEtranSN.bst: No hyphenation pattern has been}%"
  write$ newline$
  "\typeout{** loaded for the language `#1'. Using the pattern for}%"
  write$ newline$
  "\typeout{** the default language instead.}%"
  write$ newline$
  "\else"
  write$ newline$
  "\language=\csname l@#1\endcsname"
  write$ newline$
  "\fi"
  write$ newline$
  "#2}}"
  write$ newline$
  "\providecommand{\BIBdecl}{\relax}"
  write$ newline$
  "\BIBdecl"
  write$ newline$
}

FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$ "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$ }

FUNCTION {if.url.alt.interword.spacing}
{ is.use.alt.interword.spacing 
     {url empty$ 'skip$ {"\BIBentryALTinterwordspacing" write$ newline$} if$}
     { skip$ }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {if.url.std.interword.spacing}
{ is.use.alt.interword.spacing 
     {url empty$ 'skip$ {"\BIBentrySTDinterwordspacing" write$ newline$} if$}
     { skip$ }
   if$
}




%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% FORMAT HANDLERS %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%% Lower Level Formats (used by higher level formats)

FUNCTION {format.address.org.or.pub.date}
{ 't :=
  ""
  year empty$
    { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ }
    { skip$ }
  if$
  address empty$ t empty$ and
  year empty$ and month empty$ and
    { skip$ }
    { this.to.prev.status
      this.status.std
      cap.status.std
      address "address" bibinfo.check *
      t empty$
        { skip$ }
        { punct.period 'prev.status.punct :=
          space.large 'prev.status.space :=
          address empty$
            { skip$ }
            { ": " * }
          if$
          t *
        }
      if$
      year empty$ month empty$ and
        { skip$ }
        { t empty$ address empty$ and
            { skip$ }
            { ", " * }
          if$
          month empty$
            { year empty$
                { skip$ }
                { year "year" bibinfo.check * }
              if$
            }
            { month "month" bibinfo.check *
              year empty$
                 { skip$ }
                 { " " * year "year" bibinfo.check * }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}


FUNCTION {format.names}
{ 'bibinfo :=
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
  this.to.prev.status
  this.status.std
  's :=
  "" 't :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr
      name.format.string
      format.name$
      bibinfo bibinfo.check
      't :=
      nameptr #1 >
        { nameptr num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al #1 + =
          numnames max.num.names.before.forced.et.al >
          is.forced.et.al and and
            { "others" 't :=
              #1 'namesleft :=
            }
            { skip$ }
          if$
          namesleft #1 >
            { ", " * t do.name.latex.cmd * }
            { s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
                { 't := }
                { pop$ }
              if$
              t "others" =
                { " " * bbl.etal emphasize * }
                { numnames #2 >
                    { "," * }
                    { skip$ }
                  if$
                  bbl.and
                  space.word * t do.name.latex.cmd *
                }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
        { t do.name.latex.cmd }
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
  cap.status.std
  } if$
}




%% Higher Level Formats

%% addresses/locations

FUNCTION {format.address}
{ address duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    { this.to.prev.status
      this.status.std
      cap.status.std
    }
  if$
}



%% author/editor names

FUNCTION {format.authors}{ author "author" format.names }

FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor "editor" format.names duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    { ", " *
      get.bbl.editor
      capitalize
      *
    }
  if$
}



%% date

FUNCTION {format.date}
{
  month "month" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
  year  "year" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
    { swap$ 'skip$
        { this.to.prev.status
          this.status.std
          cap.status.std
         "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$ }
      if$
      *
    }
    { this.to.prev.status
      this.status.std
      cap.status.std
      swap$ 'skip$
        {
          swap$
          " " * swap$
        }
      if$
      *
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.date.electronic}
{ month "month" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
  year  "year" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
    { swap$ 
        { pop$ }
        { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$
        pop$ ")" * "(" swap$ *
        this.to.prev.status
        punct.no 'this.status.punct :=
        space.normal 'this.status.space :=
        quote.no 'this.status.quote :=
        cap.yes  'status.cap :=
        }
      if$
    }
    { swap$ 
        { swap$ pop$ ")" * "(" swap$ * }
        { "(" swap$ * ", " * swap$ * ")" * }
      if$
    this.to.prev.status
    punct.no 'this.status.punct :=
    space.normal 'this.status.space :=
    quote.no 'this.status.quote :=
    cap.yes  'status.cap :=
    }
  if$
}



%% edition/title

% Note: IEEE considers the edition to be closely associated with
% the title of a book. So, in IEEEtran.bst the edition is normally handled 
% within the formatting of the title. The format.edition function is 
% retained here for possible future use.
FUNCTION {format.edition}
{ edition duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    { this.to.prev.status
      this.status.std
      convert.edition
      status.cap
        { "t" }
        { "l" }
      if$ change.case$
      "edition" bibinfo.check
      "~" * bbl.edition *
      cap.status.std
    }
  if$
}

% This is used to format the booktitle of a conference proceedings.
% Here we use the "intype" field to provide the user a way to 
% override the word "in" (e.g., with things like "presented at")
% Use of intype stops the emphasis of the booktitle to indicate that
% we no longer mean the written conference proceedings, but the
% conference itself.
FUNCTION {format.in.booktitle}
{ booktitle "booktitle" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    { this.to.prev.status
      this.status.std
      select.language
      intype missing$
        { emphasize
          bbl.in " " *
        }
        { intype " " * }
      if$
      swap$ *
      cap.status.std
    }
  if$
}

% This is used to format the booktitle of collection.
% Here the "intype" field is not supported, but "edition" is.
FUNCTION {format.in.booktitle.edition}
{ booktitle "booktitle" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    { this.to.prev.status
      this.status.std
      select.language
      emphasize
      edition empty$ 'skip$
        { ", " *
          edition
          convert.edition
          "l" change.case$
          * "~" * bbl.edition *
        }
      if$
      bbl.in " " * swap$ *
      cap.status.std
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.article.title}
{ title duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    { this.to.prev.status
      this.status.std
      "t" change.case$
    }
  if$
  "title" bibinfo.check
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    { quote.close 'this.status.quote :=
      is.last.char.not.punct
        { punct.std 'this.status.punct := }
        { punct.no 'this.status.punct := }
      if$
      select.language
      "``" swap$ *
      cap.status.std
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.article.title.electronic}
{ title duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    { this.to.prev.status
      this.status.std
      cap.status.std
      "t" change.case$ 
    }
  if$
  "title" bibinfo.check
  duplicate$ empty$ 
    { skip$ } 
    { select.language }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.book.title.edition}
{ title "title" bibinfo.check
  duplicate$ empty$
    { "empty title in " cite$ * warning$ }
    { this.to.prev.status
      this.status.std
      select.language
      emphasize
      edition empty$ 'skip$
        { ", " *
          edition
          convert.edition
          status.cap
            { "t" }
            { "l" }
          if$
          change.case$
          * "~" * bbl.edition *
        }
      if$
      cap.status.std
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.book.title}
{ title "title" bibinfo.check
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    { this.to.prev.status
      this.status.std
      cap.status.std
      select.language
      emphasize
    }
  if$
}



%% journal

FUNCTION {format.journal}
{ journal duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    { this.to.prev.status
      this.status.std
      cap.status.std
      select.language
      emphasize
    }
  if$
}



%% how published

FUNCTION {format.howpublished}
{ howpublished duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    { this.to.prev.status
      this.status.std
      cap.status.std
    }
  if$
}



%% institutions/organization/publishers/school

FUNCTION {format.institution}
{ institution duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    { this.to.prev.status
      this.status.std
      cap.status.std
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.organization}
{ organization duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    { this.to.prev.status
      this.status.std
      cap.status.std
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.address.publisher.date}
{ publisher "publisher" bibinfo.warn format.address.org.or.pub.date }

FUNCTION {format.address.publisher.date.nowarn}
{ publisher "publisher" bibinfo.check format.address.org.or.pub.date }

FUNCTION {format.address.organization.date}
{ organization "organization" bibinfo.check format.address.org.or.pub.date }

FUNCTION {format.school}
{ school duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    { this.to.prev.status
      this.status.std
      cap.status.std
    }
  if$
}



%% volume/number/series/chapter/pages

FUNCTION {format.volume}
{ volume empty.field.to.null.string
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    { this.to.prev.status
      this.status.std
      bbl.volume 
      status.cap
        { capitalize }
        { skip$ }
      if$
      swap$ tie.or.space.prefix
      "volume" bibinfo.check
      * *
      cap.status.std
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.number}
{ number empty.field.to.null.string
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    { this.to.prev.status
      this.status.std
      status.cap
         { bbl.number capitalize }
         { bbl.number }
       if$
      swap$ tie.or.space.prefix
      "number" bibinfo.check
      * *
      cap.status.std
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.number.if.use.for.article}
{ is.use.number.for.article 
     { format.number }
     { "" }
   if$
}

% IEEE does not seem to tie the series so closely with the volume
% and number as is done in other bibliography styles. Instead the
% series is treated somewhat like an extension of the title.
FUNCTION {format.series}
{ series empty$ 
   { "" }
   { this.to.prev.status
     this.status.std
     bbl.series " " *
     series "series" bibinfo.check *
     cap.status.std
   }
 if$
}


FUNCTION {format.chapter}
{ chapter empty$
    { "" }
    { this.to.prev.status
      this.status.std
      type empty$
        { bbl.chapter }
        { type "l" change.case$
          "type" bibinfo.check
        }
      if$
      chapter tie.or.space.prefix
      "chapter" bibinfo.check
      * *
      cap.status.std
    }
  if$
}


% The intended use of format.paper is for paper numbers of inproceedings.
% The paper type can be overridden via the type field.
% We allow the type to be displayed even if the paper number is absent
% for things like "postdeadline paper"
FUNCTION {format.paper}
{ is.use.paper
     { paper empty$
        { type empty$
            { "" }
            { this.to.prev.status
              this.status.std
              type "type" bibinfo.check
              cap.status.std
            }
          if$
        }
        { this.to.prev.status
          this.status.std
          type empty$
            { bbl.paper }
            { type "type" bibinfo.check }
          if$
          " " * paper
          "paper" bibinfo.check
          *
          cap.status.std
        }
      if$
     }
     { "" } 
   if$
}


FUNCTION {format.pages}
{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    { this.to.prev.status
      this.status.std
      duplicate$ is.multiple.pages
        {
          bbl.pages swap$
          n.dashify
        }
        {
          bbl.page swap$
        }
      if$
      tie.or.space.prefix
      "pages" bibinfo.check
      * *
      cap.status.std
    }
  if$
}



%% technical report number

FUNCTION {format.tech.report.number}
{ number "number" bibinfo.check
  this.to.prev.status
  this.status.std
  cap.status.std
  type duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ 
      bbl.techrep
    }
    { skip$ }
  if$
  "type" bibinfo.check 
  swap$ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ }
    { tie.or.space.prefix * * }
  if$
}



%% note

FUNCTION {format.note}
{ note empty$
    { "" }
    { this.to.prev.status
      this.status.std
      punct.period 'this.status.punct :=
      note #1 #1 substring$
      duplicate$ "{" =
        { skip$ }
        { status.cap
          { "u" }
          { "l" }
        if$
        change.case$
        }
      if$
      note #2 global.max$ substring$ * "note" bibinfo.check
      cap.yes  'status.cap :=
    }
  if$
}



%% patent

FUNCTION {format.patent.date}
{ this.to.prev.status
  this.status.std
  year empty$
    { monthfiled duplicate$ empty$
        { "monthfiled" bibinfo.check pop$ "" }
        { "monthfiled" bibinfo.check }
      if$
      dayfiled duplicate$ empty$
        { "dayfiled" bibinfo.check pop$ "" * }
        { "dayfiled" bibinfo.check 
          monthfiled empty$ 
             { "dayfiled without a monthfiled in " cite$ * warning$
               * 
             }
             { " " swap$ * * }
           if$
        }
      if$
      yearfiled empty$
        { "no year or yearfiled in " cite$ * warning$ }
        { yearfiled "yearfiled" bibinfo.check 
          swap$
          duplicate$ empty$
             { pop$ }
             { ", " * swap$ * }
           if$
        }
      if$
    }
    { month duplicate$ empty$
        { "month" bibinfo.check pop$ "" }
        { "month" bibinfo.check }
      if$
      day duplicate$ empty$
        { "day" bibinfo.check pop$ "" * }
        { "day" bibinfo.check 
          month empty$ 
             { "day without a month in " cite$ * warning$
               * 
             }
             { " " swap$ * * }
           if$
        }
      if$
      year "year" bibinfo.check 
      swap$
      duplicate$ empty$
        { pop$ }
        { ", " * swap$ * }
      if$
    }
  if$
  cap.status.std
}

FUNCTION {format.patent.nationality.type.number}
{ this.to.prev.status
  this.status.std
  nationality duplicate$ empty$
    { "nationality" bibinfo.warn pop$ "" }
    { "nationality" bibinfo.check
      duplicate$ "l" change.case$ "united states" =
        { pop$ bbl.patentUS }
        { skip$ }
      if$
      " " *
    }
  if$
  type empty$
    { bbl.patent "type" bibinfo.check }
    { type "type" bibinfo.check }
  if$  
  *
  number duplicate$ empty$
    { "number" bibinfo.warn pop$ }
    { "number" bibinfo.check
      large.number.separate
      swap$ " " * swap$ *
    }
  if$ 
  cap.status.std
}



%% standard

FUNCTION {format.organization.institution.standard.type.number}
{ this.to.prev.status
  this.status.std
  organization duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ 
      institution duplicate$ empty$
        { "institution" bibinfo.warn }
        { "institution" bibinfo.warn " " * }
      if$
    }
    { "organization" bibinfo.warn " " * }
  if$
  type empty$
    { bbl.standard "type" bibinfo.check }
    { type "type" bibinfo.check }
  if$  
  *
  number duplicate$ empty$
    { "number" bibinfo.check pop$ }
    { "number" bibinfo.check
      large.number.separate
      swap$ " " * swap$ *
    }
  if$ 
  cap.status.std
}

FUNCTION {format.revision}
{ revision empty$
    { "" }
    { this.to.prev.status
      this.status.std
      bbl.revision
      revision tie.or.space.prefix
      "revision" bibinfo.check
      * *
      cap.status.std
    }
  if$
}


%% thesis

FUNCTION {format.master.thesis.type}
{ this.to.prev.status
  this.status.std
  type empty$
    {
      bbl.mthesis
    }
    { 
      type "type" bibinfo.check
    }
  if$
cap.status.std
}

FUNCTION {format.phd.thesis.type}
{ this.to.prev.status
  this.status.std
  type empty$
    {
      bbl.phdthesis
    }
    { 
      type "type" bibinfo.check
    }
  if$
cap.status.std
}



%% URL

FUNCTION {format.url}
{ url empty$
    { "" }
    { this.to.prev.status
      this.status.std
      cap.yes 'status.cap :=
      name.url.prefix " " *
      "\url{" * url * "}" *
      punct.no 'this.status.punct :=
      punct.period 'prev.status.punct :=
      space.normal 'this.status.space :=
      space.normal 'prev.status.space :=
      quote.no 'this.status.quote :=
    }
  if$
}




%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% ENTRY HANDLERS %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


% Note: In many journals, IEEE (or the authors) tend not to show the number
% for articles, so the display of the number is controlled here by the
% switch "is.use.number.for.article"
FUNCTION {article}
{ std.status.using.comma
  start.entry
  if.url.alt.interword.spacing
  format.authors "author" output.warn
  name.or.dash
  format.article.title "title" output.warn
  format.journal "journal" bibinfo.check "journal" output.warn
  format.volume output
  format.number.if.use.for.article output
  format.pages output
  format.date "year" output.warn
  format.note output
  format.url output
  fin.entry
  if.url.std.interword.spacing
}

FUNCTION {book}
{ std.status.using.comma
  start.entry
  if.url.alt.interword.spacing
  author empty$
    { format.editors "author and editor" output.warn }
    { format.authors output.nonnull }
  if$
  name.or.dash
  format.book.title.edition output
  format.series output
  author empty$
    { skip$ }
    { format.editors output }
  if$
  format.address.publisher.date output
  format.volume output
  format.number output
  format.note output
  format.url output
  fin.entry
  if.url.std.interword.spacing
}

FUNCTION {booklet}
{ std.status.using.comma
  start.entry
  if.url.alt.interword.spacing
  format.authors output
  name.or.dash
  format.article.title "title" output.warn
  format.howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
  format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
  format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
  format.date output
  format.note output
  format.url output
  fin.entry
  if.url.std.interword.spacing
}

FUNCTION {electronic}
{ std.status.using.period
  start.entry
  if.url.alt.interword.spacing
  format.authors output
  name.or.dash
  format.date.electronic output
  format.article.title.electronic output
  format.howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
  format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
  format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
  format.note output
  format.url output
  fin.entry
  empty.entry.warn
  if.url.std.interword.spacing
}

FUNCTION {inbook}
{ std.status.using.comma
  start.entry
  if.url.alt.interword.spacing
  author empty$
    { format.editors "author and editor" output.warn }
    { format.authors output.nonnull }
  if$
  name.or.dash
  format.book.title.edition output
  format.series output
  format.address.publisher.date output
  format.volume output
  format.number output
  format.chapter output
  format.pages output
  format.note output
  format.url output
  fin.entry
  if.url.std.interword.spacing
}

FUNCTION {incollection}
{ std.status.using.comma
  start.entry
  if.url.alt.interword.spacing
  format.authors "author" output.warn
  name.or.dash
  format.article.title "title" output.warn
  format.in.booktitle.edition "booktitle" output.warn
  format.series output
  format.editors output
  format.address.publisher.date.nowarn output
  format.volume output
  format.number output
  format.chapter output
  format.pages output
  format.note output
  format.url output
  fin.entry
  if.url.std.interword.spacing
}

FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{ std.status.using.comma
  start.entry
  if.url.alt.interword.spacing
  format.authors "author" output.warn
  name.or.dash
  format.article.title "title" output.warn
  format.in.booktitle "booktitle" output.warn
  format.series output
  format.editors output
  format.volume output
  format.number output
  publisher empty$
    { format.address.organization.date output }
    { format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
      format.address.publisher.date output
    }
  if$
  format.paper output
  format.pages output
  format.note output
  format.url output
  fin.entry
  if.url.std.interword.spacing
}

FUNCTION {manual}
{ std.status.using.comma
  start.entry
  if.url.alt.interword.spacing
  format.authors output
  name.or.dash
  format.book.title.edition "title" output.warn
  format.howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output 
  format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
  format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
  format.date output
  format.note output
  format.url output
  fin.entry
  if.url.std.interword.spacing
}

FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{ std.status.using.comma
  start.entry
  if.url.alt.interword.spacing
  format.authors "author" output.warn
  name.or.dash
  format.article.title "title" output.warn
  format.master.thesis.type output.nonnull
  format.school "school" bibinfo.warn output
  format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
  format.date "year" output.warn
  format.note output
  format.url output
  fin.entry
  if.url.std.interword.spacing
}

FUNCTION {misc}
{ std.status.using.comma
  start.entry
  if.url.alt.interword.spacing
  format.authors output
  name.or.dash
  format.article.title output
  format.howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output 
  format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
  format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
  format.pages output
  format.date output
  format.note output
  format.url output
  fin.entry
  empty.entry.warn
  if.url.std.interword.spacing
}

FUNCTION {patent}
{ std.status.using.comma
  start.entry
  if.url.alt.interword.spacing
  format.authors output
  name.or.dash
  format.article.title output
  format.patent.nationality.type.number output
  format.patent.date output
  format.note output
  format.url output
  fin.entry
  empty.entry.warn
  if.url.std.interword.spacing
}

FUNCTION {periodical}
{ std.status.using.comma
  start.entry
  if.url.alt.interword.spacing
  format.editors output
  name.or.dash
  format.book.title "title" output.warn
  format.series output
  format.volume output
  format.number output
  format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
  format.date "year" output.warn
  format.note output
  format.url output
  fin.entry
  if.url.std.interword.spacing
}

FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{ std.status.using.comma
  start.entry
  if.url.alt.interword.spacing
  format.authors "author" output.warn
  name.or.dash
  format.article.title "title" output.warn
  format.phd.thesis.type output.nonnull
  format.school "school" bibinfo.warn output
  format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
  format.date "year" output.warn
  format.note output
  format.url output
  fin.entry
  if.url.std.interword.spacing
}

FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ std.status.using.comma
  start.entry
  if.url.alt.interword.spacing
  format.editors output
  name.or.dash
  format.book.title "title" output.warn
  format.series output
  format.volume output
  format.number output
  publisher empty$
    { format.address.organization.date output }
    { format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
      format.address.publisher.date output
    }
  if$
  format.note output
  format.url output
  fin.entry
  if.url.std.interword.spacing
}

FUNCTION {standard}
{ std.status.using.comma
  start.entry
  if.url.alt.interword.spacing
  format.authors output
  name.or.dash
  format.book.title "title" output.warn
  format.howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output 
  format.organization.institution.standard.type.number output
  format.revision output
  format.date output
  format.note output
  format.url output
  fin.entry
  if.url.std.interword.spacing
}

FUNCTION {techreport}
{ std.status.using.comma
  start.entry
  if.url.alt.interword.spacing
  format.authors "author" output.warn
  name.or.dash
  format.article.title "title" output.warn
  format.howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output 
  format.institution "institution" bibinfo.warn output
  format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
  format.tech.report.number output.nonnull
  format.date "year" output.warn
  format.note output
  format.url output
  fin.entry
  if.url.std.interword.spacing
}

FUNCTION {unpublished}
{ std.status.using.comma
  start.entry
  if.url.alt.interword.spacing
  format.authors "author" output.warn
  name.or.dash
  format.article.title "title" output.warn
  format.date output
  format.note "note" output.warn
  format.url output
  fin.entry
  if.url.std.interword.spacing
}


% The special entry type which provides the user interface to the
% BST controls
FUNCTION {IEEEtranBSTCTL}
{ is.print.banners.to.terminal
    { "** IEEEtran BST control entry " quote$ * cite$ * quote$ * " detected." *
      top$
    }
    { skip$ }
  if$
  CTLuse_article_number
  empty$
    { skip$ }
    { CTLuse_article_number
      yes.no.to.int
      'is.use.number.for.article :=
    }
  if$
  CTLuse_paper
  empty$
    { skip$ }
    { CTLuse_paper
      yes.no.to.int
      'is.use.paper :=
    }
  if$
  CTLuse_forced_etal
  empty$
    { skip$ }
    { CTLuse_forced_etal
      yes.no.to.int
      'is.forced.et.al :=
    }
  if$
  CTLmax_names_forced_etal
  empty$
    { skip$ }
    { CTLmax_names_forced_etal
      string.to.integer
      'max.num.names.before.forced.et.al :=
    }
  if$
  CTLnames_show_etal
  empty$
    { skip$ }
    { CTLnames_show_etal
      string.to.integer
      'num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al :=
    }
  if$
  CTLuse_alt_spacing
  empty$
    { skip$ }
    { CTLuse_alt_spacing
      yes.no.to.int
      'is.use.alt.interword.spacing :=
    }
  if$
  CTLalt_stretch_factor
  empty$
    { skip$ }
    { CTLalt_stretch_factor
      'ALTinterwordstretchfactor :=
      "\renewcommand{\BIBentryALTinterwordstretchfactor}{"
      ALTinterwordstretchfactor * "}" *
      write$ newline$
    }
  if$
  CTLdash_repeated_names
  empty$
    { skip$ }
    { CTLdash_repeated_names
      yes.no.to.int
      'is.dash.repeated.names :=
    }
  if$
  CTLname_format_string
  empty$
    { skip$ }
    { CTLname_format_string
      'name.format.string :=
    }
  if$
  CTLname_latex_cmd
  empty$
    { skip$ }
    { CTLname_latex_cmd
      'name.latex.cmd :=
    }
  if$
  CTLname_url_prefix
  missing$
    { skip$ }
    { CTLname_url_prefix
      'name.url.prefix :=
    }
  if$


  num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al max.num.names.before.forced.et.al >
    { "CTLnames_show_etal cannot be greater than CTLmax_names_forced_etal in " cite$ * warning$ 
      max.num.names.before.forced.et.al 'num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al :=
    }
    { skip$ }
  if$
}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% ENTRY ALIASES %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {conference}{inproceedings}
FUNCTION {online}{electronic}
FUNCTION {internet}{electronic}
FUNCTION {webpage}{electronic}
FUNCTION {www}{electronic}
FUNCTION {default.type}{misc}



%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% MAIN PROGRAM %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

READ

EXECUTE {initialize.controls}
EXECUTE {initialize.status.constants}
EXECUTE {banner.message}



% BEGIN sort code based on plainnat.bst
FUNCTION {sortify}
{ purify$
  "l" change.case$
}

INTEGERS { len }

FUNCTION {chop.word}
{ 's :=
  'len :=
  s #1 len substring$ =
    { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
    { s }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
{ 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  ""
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    {
      s nameptr "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{  ff{ }}{  jj{ }}" format.name$ 't :=
      nameptr #1 >
        {
          "   "  *
          namesleft #1 = t "others" = and
            { "zzzzz" * }
            { numnames #2 > nameptr #2 = and
                { "zz" * 
                  type$ "patent" =
                     { year empty$
                         { yearfiled }
                         { year }
                       if$
                    }
                    { year }
                  if$
                  empty.field.to.null.string * "   " *
                }
                { skip$ }
              if$
              t sortify *
            }
          if$
        }
        { t sortify * }
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
{ 't :=
  "A " #2
    "An " #3
      "The " #4 t chop.word
    chop.word
  chop.word
  sortify
  #1 global.max$ substring$
}

FUNCTION {author.sort}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
        { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$ "" }
        { key sortify }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
{ author empty$
    { editor empty$
        { key empty$
            { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$ "" }
            { key sortify }
          if$
        }
        { editor sort.format.names }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.organization.sort}
{ author empty$
    { organization empty$
        { key empty$
            { "to sort, need author, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$ "" }
            { key sortify }
          if$
        }
        { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.organization.sort}
{ editor empty$
    { organization empty$
        { key empty$
            { "to sort, need editor, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$ "" }
            { key sortify }
          if$
        }
        { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
      if$
    }
    { editor sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.organization.institution.sort}
{ author empty$
    { organization empty$
        { institution empty$
            { key empty$
                { "to sort, need author, organization, institution or key in " cite$ * warning$ "" }
                { key sortify }
              if$
            }
            { "The " #4 institution chop.word sortify }
          if$
        }
        { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}




STRINGS { last.label next.extra }

INTEGERS { last.extra.num }

FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
{ 's :=
  s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
  s num.names$ duplicate$
  #2 >
    { pop$ " et~al." * }
    { #2 <
        'skip$
        { s #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
            { " et~al." * }
            { " and " * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.key.label}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
        { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
        { key }
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
{ author empty$
    { editor empty$
        { key empty$
            { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
            { key }
          if$
        }
        { editor format.lab.names }
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.key.organization.label}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
        { organization empty$
            { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
            { "The " #4 organization chop.word #3 text.prefix$ }
          if$
        }
        { key }
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.key.organization.institution.label}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
        { organization empty$
            { institution empty$
              { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
              { "The " #4 institution chop.word #3 text.prefix$ }
            if$
            }
            { "The " #4 organization chop.word #3 text.prefix$ }
          if$
        }
        { key }
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.key.organization.label}
{ editor empty$
    { key empty$
        { organization empty$
            { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
            { "The " #4 organization chop.word #3 text.prefix$ }
          if$
        }
        { key }
      if$
    }
    { editor format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {calc.label}
{ type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or 
    { author.editor.key.label }
    { type$ "proceedings" =
      type$ "periodical" =
      or
        { editor.key.organization.label }
        { type$ "manual" =
          type$ "electronic" =
          type$ "misc" =
          or or
            { author.key.organization.label }
            { type$ "standard" =
               { author.key.organization.institution.label }
               { author.key.label }
             if$ 
            }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
  duplicate$
  'short.list :=
  "("
  *
  type$ "patent" =
    { year empty$
      { yearfiled }
      { year }
    if$
    }
    { year }
  if$
  duplicate$
  empty$
  short.list key empty.field.to.null.string = or
    { pop$ "" }
    { skip$   }
  if$
  *
  'label :=
}



FUNCTION {presort}
{ type$ "ieeetranbstctl" =
    { key empty$
        { "_" }
        { key sortify }
      if$
      duplicate$
    }
    { calc.label
      label sortify
      "    "
      *
      type$ "book" =
      type$ "inbook" =
      or 
        { author.editor.sort }
        { type$ "proceedings" =
          type$ "periodical" =
          or
            { editor.organization.sort }
            { type$ "manual" =
              type$ "electronic" =
              type$ "misc" =
              or or
                { author.organization.sort }
                { type$ "standard" =
                   { author.organization.institution.sort }
                   { author.sort }
                 if$ 
                }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
      if$
      "    "
      *
      cite$
      *
    }
  if$
  #1 entry.max$ substring$
  'sort.label :=
  #1 entry.max$ substring$
  'sort.key$ :=
}


FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
{  "" 'longest.label :=
  #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
  "" 'next.extra :=
  #0 'longest.label.width :=
  #0 'last.extra.num :=
  #0 'number.label :=
}

FUNCTION {forward.pass}
{ type$ "ieeetranbstctl" =
    { skip$ }
    { last.label label =
        { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
          last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
        }
        {  "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
          "" 'extra.label :=
          label 'last.label :=
        }
      if$
      number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
{ type$ "ieeetranbstctl" =
    { skip$ }
    {  next.extra "b" =
       { "a" 'extra.label := }
       { skip$ }
     if$
     extra.label 'next.extra :=
     extra.label
     duplicate$ empty$
       { skip$ }
       { "{\natexlab{" swap$ * "}}" * }
     if$
     'extra.label :=
     label extra.label * 'label :=
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {bib.sort.order}
{ sort.label  'sort.key$ :=
}
% END sort code based on plainnat.bst




ITERATE {presort}

SORT

EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}

ITERATE {forward.pass}
REVERSE {reverse.pass}

ITERATE {bib.sort.order}

SORT

EXECUTE {begin.bib}
ITERATE {call.type$}
EXECUTE {end.bib}

EXECUTE{completed.message}


%% That's all folks, mds.