summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/pgf/version-for-tex4ht/en/pgfmanualse19.html
blob: cfe297d1b52b30a406584311c93cf96b3a613ed1 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"  
  "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">  
<html > 
<head><title>19 Hierarchical Structures:
Package, Environments, Scopes, and Text</title> 
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> 
<meta name="generator" content="TeX4ht (http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht/mn.html)"> 
<meta name="originator" content="TeX4ht (http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht/mn.html)"> 
<!-- html --> 
<meta name="src" content="pgfmanual.tex"> 
<meta name="date" content="2005-10-23 18:34:00"> 
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="pgfmanual.css"> 
</head><body 
>
   <div class="crosslinks"><p class="noindent">[<a 
href="pgfmanualse20.html" >next</a>] [<a 
href="pgfmanualse18.html" >prev</a>] [<a 
href="pgfmanualse18.html#tailpgfmanualse18.html" >prev-tail</a>] [<a 
href="#tailpgfmanualse19.html">tail</a>] [<a 
href="pgfmanual.html#pgfmanualse19.html" >up</a>] </p></div>
   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">19   </span> <a 
 id="x20-19200019"></a>Hierarchical Structures:
<br class="newline">Package, Environments, Scopes, and Text</h3>
<!--l. 13--><p class="noindent">
   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">19.1   </span> <a 
 id="x20-19300019.1"></a>Overview</h4>
<!--l. 15--><p class="noindent"><span 
class="cmcsc-10"><small 
class="small-caps">P</small><small 
class="small-caps">G</small><small 
class="small-caps">F</small></span>&nbsp;uses two kinds of hierarchical structuring: First, the package itself is structured hierarchically, consisting of
different packages that are built on top of each other. Second, <span 
class="cmcsc-10"><small 
class="small-caps">P</small><small 
class="small-caps">G</small><small 
class="small-caps">F</small></span>&nbsp;allows you to structure your graphics
hierarchically using environments and scopes.
<!--l. 20--><p class="noindent">
   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">19.1.1   </span> <a 
 id="x20-19400019.1.1"></a>The Hierarchical Structure of the Package</h5>
<!--l. 22--><p class="noindent">The <span 
class="cmcsc-10"><small 
class="small-caps">P</small><small 
class="small-caps">G</small><small 
class="small-caps">F</small></span>&nbsp;system consists of several layers:
<!--l. 24--><p class="indent">
     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span 
class="cmbx-10">System layer.</span> </dt><dd 
class="description">The lowest layer is called the <span 
class="cmti-10">system layer</span>, though it might also be called &#8220;driver layer&#8221;
     or perhaps &#8220;backend layer.&#8221; Its job is to provide an abstraction of the details of which driver is used
     to transform the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">.dvi</span></span></span> file. The system layer is implemented by the package <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">pgfsys</span></span></span>, which will load
     appropriate driver files as needed.
     <!--l. 33--><p class="noindent">The system layer is documented in Part&nbsp;<a 
href="pgfmanual.html#x1-306000V">V<!--tex4ht:ref: part-system --></a>.
     </dd><dt class="description">
<span 
class="cmbx-10">Basic layer.</span> </dt><dd 
class="description">The  basic  layer  is  loaded  by  the  package  <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">pgf</span></span></span>.  Some  applications  do  not  need  all  of  the
     functionality of the basic layer, so it is possible to load only the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">pgfcore</span></span></span> and some other packages
     starting with <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">pgfbase</span></span></span>.
     <!--l. 40--><p class="noindent">The basic layer is documented in the present part.
     </dd><dt class="description">
<span 
class="cmbx-10">Frontend layer.</span> </dt><dd 
class="description">The frontend layer is not loaded by a single packages. Rather, different packages, like
     Ti<span 
class="cmti-10">k</span>Z&nbsp;or <span 
class="cmcsc-10"><small 
class="small-caps">P</small><small 
class="small-caps">G</small><small 
class="small-caps">F</small><small 
class="small-caps">P</small><small 
class="small-caps">I</small><small 
class="small-caps">C</small><small 
class="small-caps">T</small>2<small 
class="small-caps">E</small></span>, are different frontends to the basic layer.
     <!--l. 46--><p class="noindent">The Ti<span 
class="cmti-10">k</span>Z&nbsp;frontend is documented in Part&nbsp;<a 
href="pgfmanual.html#x1-65000II">II<!--tex4ht:ref: part-tikz --></a>.</dd></dl>
<!--l. 49--><p class="indent">   Each layer will automatically load the necessary files of the layers below it.
<!--l. 52--><p class="indent">   In addition to the packages of these layers, there are also some library packages. These packages provide
additional definitions of things like new arrow tips or new plot handlers.
<!--l. 56--><p class="indent">   The library packages are documented in Part&nbsp;<a 
href="pgfmanual.html#x1-158000III">III<!--tex4ht:ref: part-libraries --></a>.
<!--l. 61--><p class="noindent">
   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">19.1.2   </span> <a 
 id="x20-19500019.1.2"></a>The Hierarchical Structure of Graphics</h5>
<!--l. 63--><p class="noindent">Graphics in <span 
class="cmcsc-10"><small 
class="small-caps">P</small><small 
class="small-caps">G</small><small 
class="small-caps">F</small></span>&nbsp;are typically structured hierarchically. Hierarchical structuring can be used to identify groups of
graphical elements that are to be treated &#8220;in the same way.&#8221; For example, you might group together a number of
paths, all of which are to be drawn in red. Then, when you decide later on that you like them to be drawn in, say,
blue, all you have to do is to change the color once.
<!--l. 71--><p class="indent">   The general mechanism underlying hierarchical structuring is known as <span 
class="cmti-10">scoping </span>in computer science. The idea is
that all changes to the general &#8220;state&#8221; of the graphic that are done inside a scope are local to that
scope. So, if you change the color inside a scope, this does not affect the color used outside the scope.
Likewise, when you change the line width in a scope, the line width outside is not changed, and so
on.
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
<!--l. 79--><p class="indent">   There are different ways of starting and ending scopes of graphic parameters. Unfortunately, these scopes are
sometimes &#8220;in conflict&#8221; with each other and it is sometimes not immediately clear which scopes apply. In essence,
the following scoping mechanisms are available:
<!--l. 84--><p class="indent">
     <ol type="1" class="enumerate1" >
     <li class="enumerate" value="1" 
><a 
 id="x20-195002x1"></a>The &#8220;outermost&#8221; scope supported by <span 
class="cmcsc-10"><small 
class="small-caps">P</small><small 
class="small-caps">G</small><small 
class="small-caps">F</small></span>&nbsp;is the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfpicture}</span></span></span> environment. All changes to the graphic
     state done inside a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfpicture}</span></span></span> are local to that picture.
     <!--l. 90--><p class="noindent">In general, it is <span 
class="cmti-10">not </span>possible to set graphic parameters globally outside any <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfpicture}</span></span></span> environments.
     Thus, you can <span 
class="cmti-10">not </span>say <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\pgfsetlinewidth{1pt}</span></span></span> at the beginning of your document to have a default
     line width of one point. Rather, you have to (re)set all graphic parameters inside each <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfpicture}</span></span></span>.
     (If this is too bothersome, try defining some macro that does the job for you.)
     </li>
     <li class="enumerate" value="2" 
><a 
 id="x20-195004x2"></a>Inside a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfpicture}</span></span></span> you can use a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfscope}</span></span></span> environment to keep changes of the graphic state
     local to that environment.
     <!--l. 101--><p class="noindent">The effect of commands that change the graphic state are local to the current <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfscope}</span></span></span> but not
     always to the current <span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;group. Thus, if you open a <span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;group (some text in curly braces) inside a
     <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfscope}</span></span></span>, and if you change, for example, the dash pattern, the effect of this changed dash pattern
     will persist till the end of the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfscope}</span></span></span>.
     <!--l. 108--><p class="noindent">Unfortunately,  this  is  not  always  the  case.  <span 
class="cmti-10">Some  </span>graphic  parameters  only  persist  till  the  end  of
     the current <span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;group. For example, when you use <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\pgfsetarrows</span></span></span> to set the arrow tip inside a
     <span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;group, the effect lasts only till the end of the current <span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;group.
     </li>
     <li class="enumerate" value="3" 
><a 
 id="x20-195006x3"></a>Some graphic parameters are not scoped by <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfscope}</span></span></span> but &#8220;already&#8221; by <span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;groups. For example,
     the effect of coordinate transformation commands is always local to the current <span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;group.
     <!--l. 119--><p class="noindent">Since every <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfscope}</span></span></span> automatically creates a <span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;group, all graphic parameters that are local to
     the current <span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;group are also local to the current <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfscope}</span></span></span>.
     </li>
     <li class="enumerate" value="4" 
><a 
 id="x20-195008x4"></a>Some graphic parameters can only be scoped using <span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;groups, since in some situations it is not
     possible to introduce a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfscope}</span></span></span>. For example, a path always has to be completely constructed and
     used in the same <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfscope}</span></span></span>. However, we might wish to have different coordinate transformations
     apply to different points on the path. In this case, we can use <span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;groups to keep the effect local, but
     we could not use <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfscope}</span></span></span>.
     </li>
     <li class="enumerate" value="5" 
><a 
 id="x20-195010x5"></a>The <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\pgftext</span></span></span> command can be used to create a scope in which <span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;&#8220;escapes back&#8221; to normal
     <span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;mode. The text passed to the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\pgftext</span></span></span> is &#8220;heavily guarded&#8221; against having any effect on the
     scope in which it is used. For example, it is possibly to use another <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfpicture}</span></span></span> environment inside
     the argument of <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\pgftext</span></span></span>.</li></ol>
<!--l. 140--><p class="indent">   Most of the complications can be avoided if you stick to the following rules:
     <ul class="itemize1">
     <li class="itemize">Give graphic commands only inside <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfpicture}</span></span></span> environments.
     </li>
     <li class="itemize">Use <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfscope}</span></span></span> to structure graphics.
     </li>
     <li class="itemize">Do not use <span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;groups inside graphics, <span 
class="cmti-10">except </span>for keeping the effect of coordinate transformations
     local.</li></ul>
<!--l. 155--><p class="noindent">
   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">19.2   </span> <a 
 id="x20-19600019.2"></a>The Hierarchical Structure of the Package</h4>
<!--l. 157--><p class="noindent">Before we come to the structuring commands provided by <span 
class="cmcsc-10"><small 
class="small-caps">P</small><small 
class="small-caps">G</small><small 
class="small-caps">F</small></span>&nbsp;to structure your graphics, let us first have a look at
the structure of the package itself.
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
<!--l. 161--><p class="noindent">
   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">19.2.1   </span> <a 
 id="x20-19700019.2.1"></a>The Main Package</h5>
<!--l. 163--><p class="noindent">To use <span 
class="cmcsc-10"><small 
class="small-caps">P</small><small 
class="small-caps">G</small><small 
class="small-caps">F</small></span>, include the following package:
<!--l. 165--><p class="indent">
     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox167"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\usepackage{</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">pgf</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">} % </span><span class="LATEX"><span 
class="cmtt-10">L</span><span class="A"><span 
class="cmtt-10">A</span></span><span class="TEX"><span 
class="cmtt-10">T</span><span 
class="E"><span 
class="cmtt-10">E</span></span><span 
class="cmtt-10">X</span></span></span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
<a 
 id="dx20-197001"></a>
<a 
 id="dx20-197002"></a>
     </dd><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox168"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\input </span><span 
class="cmtt-10">pgf</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">.tex   % plain </span><span class="TEX"><span 
class="cmtt-10">T</span><span 
class="E"><span 
class="cmtt-10">E</span></span><span 
class="cmtt-10">X</span></span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
     </dd><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox169"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\input </span><span 
class="cmtt-10">pgf</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">.tex   % Con</span><span class="TEX"><span 
class="cmtt-10">T</span><span 
class="E"><span 
class="cmtt-10">E</span></span><span 
class="cmtt-10">X</span></span><span 
class="cmtt-10">t</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
     <!--l. 166--><p class="noindent">This package loads the complete &#8220;basic layer&#8221; of <span 
class="cmcsc-10"><small 
class="small-caps">P</small><small 
class="small-caps">G</small><small 
class="small-caps">F</small></span>. That is, it will load all of the commands described
     in the current part of this manual, but it will not load frontends like Ti<span 
class="cmti-10">k</span>Z.
     <!--l. 170--><p class="noindent">In detail, this package will load the following packages, each of which can also be loaded individually:
         <ul class="itemize1">
         <li class="itemize"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">pgfsys</span></span></span>, which is the lowest layer of <span 
class="cmcsc-10"><small 
class="small-caps">P</small><small 
class="small-caps">G</small><small 
class="small-caps">F</small></span>&nbsp;and which is always needed. This file will read <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">pgf.cfg</span></span></span>
         to discern which driver is to be used. See Section&nbsp;<a 
href="pgfmanualse32.html#x33-30800032.1">32.1<!--tex4ht:ref: section-pgfsys --></a> for details.
         </li>
         <li class="itemize"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">pgfcore</span></span></span>, which is the central core of <span 
class="cmcsc-10"><small 
class="small-caps">P</small><small 
class="small-caps">G</small><small 
class="small-caps">F</small></span>&nbsp;and which is always needed unless you intend to write
         a new basic layer from scratch.
         </li>
         <li class="itemize"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">pgfbaseimage</span></span></span>,  which  provides  commands  for  declaring  and  using  images.  An  example  is
         <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\pgfuseimage</span></span></span>.
         </li>
         <li class="itemize"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">pgfbaseshapes</span></span></span>,  which  provides  commands  for  declaring  and  using  shapes.  An  example  is
         <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\pgfdeclareshape</span></span></span>.
         </li>
         <li class="itemize"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">pgfbaseplot</span></span></span>, which provides commands for plotting functions.</li></ul>
     <!--l. 192--><p class="noindent">Including any of the last three packages will automatically load the first two. </dd></dl>
<!--l. 196--><p class="indent">   In <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span></span>, the package takes two options:
     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox170"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\usepackage[</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">draft</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">]{pgf}</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
<a 
 id="dx20-197003"></a>
<a 
 id="dx20-197004"></a>
     <!--l. 198--><p class="noindent">When this option is set, all images will be replaced by empty rectangles. This can speedup compilation.
     </dd></dl>
<!--l. 202--><p class="indent">
     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox171"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\usepackage[</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">version=</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmitt-10">version</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt;</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">]{pgf}</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
<a 
 id="dx20-197005"></a>
<a 
 id="dx20-197006"></a>
     <!--l. 203--><p class="noindent">Indicates that the commands of version <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">version</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>need to be defined. If you set <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">version</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>to <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">0.65</span></span></span>,
     then a large bunch of &#8220;compatibility commands&#8221; are loaded. If you set <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">version</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>to <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">0.96</span></span></span>, then these
     compatibility commands will not be loaded.
     <!--l. 208--><p class="noindent">If this option is not given at all, then the commands of all versions are defined. </dd></dl>
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
<!--l. 213--><p class="noindent">
   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">19.2.2   </span> <a 
 id="x20-19800019.2.2"></a>The Core Package</h5>
<!--l. 215--><p class="noindent">
     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox172"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\usepackage{</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">pgfcore</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">} % </span><span class="LATEX"><span 
class="cmtt-10">L</span><span class="A"><span 
class="cmtt-10">A</span></span><span class="TEX"><span 
class="cmtt-10">T</span><span 
class="E"><span 
class="cmtt-10">E</span></span><span 
class="cmtt-10">X</span></span></span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
<a 
 id="dx20-198001"></a>
<a 
 id="dx20-198002"></a>
     </dd><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox173"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\input </span><span 
class="cmtt-10">pgfcore</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">.tex   % plain </span><span class="TEX"><span 
class="cmtt-10">T</span><span 
class="E"><span 
class="cmtt-10">E</span></span><span 
class="cmtt-10">X</span></span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
     </dd><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox174"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\input </span><span 
class="cmtt-10">pgfcore</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">.tex   % Con</span><span class="TEX"><span 
class="cmtt-10">T</span><span 
class="E"><span 
class="cmtt-10">E</span></span><span 
class="cmtt-10">X</span></span><span 
class="cmtt-10">t</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
     <!--l. 216--><p class="noindent">This  package  defines  all  of  the  basic  layer&#8217;s  commands,  except  for  the  commands  defined  in  the
     additional packages like <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">pgfbaseplot</span></span></span>. Typically commands defined by the core include <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\pgfusepath</span></span></span>
     or <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\pgfpoint</span></span></span>. The core is internally structured into several subpackages, but the subpackages cannot
     be loaded individually since they are all &#8220;interrelated.&#8221; </dd></dl>
<!--l. 225--><p class="noindent">
   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">19.2.3   </span> <a 
 id="x20-19900019.2.3"></a>The Optional Basic Layer Packages</h5>
<!--l. 227--><p class="noindent">The <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">pgf</span></span></span> package automatically loads the following packages, but you can also load them individually (all of them
automatically include the core):
     <ul class="itemize1">
     <li class="itemize"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">pgfbaseshapes</span></span></span> This package provides commands for drawing nodes and shapes. These commands are
     explained in Section&nbsp;<a 
href="pgfmanualse25.html#x26-26000025">25<!--tex4ht:ref: section-shapes --></a>.
     </li>
     <li class="itemize"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">pgfbaseplot</span></span></span> This package provides commands for plotting function. The commands are explained in
     Section&nbsp;<a 
href="pgfmanualse29.html#x30-29000029">29<!--tex4ht:ref: section-plots --></a>.
     </li>
     <li class="itemize"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">pgfbaseimage</span></span></span> This package provides commands for including (external) images. The commands are
     explained in Section&nbsp;<a 
href="pgfmanualse27.html#x28-28100027">27<!--tex4ht:ref: section-images --></a>.</li></ul>
<!--l. 249--><p class="noindent">
   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">19.3   </span> <a 
 id="x20-20000019.3"></a>The Hierarchical Structure of the Graphics</h4>
<!--l. 251--><p class="noindent">
   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">19.3.1   </span> <a 
 id="x20-20100019.3.1"></a>The Main Environment</h5>
<!--l. 254--><p class="noindent">Most, but not all, commands of the <span 
class="cmcsc-10"><small 
class="small-caps">P</small><small 
class="small-caps">G</small><small 
class="small-caps">F</small></span>&nbsp;package must be given within a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfpicture}</span></span></span> environment. The only
commands that (must) be given outside are commands having to do with including images (like <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\pgfuseimage</span></span></span>) and
with inserting complete shadings (like <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\pgfuseshading</span></span></span>). However, just to keep life entertaining, the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\pgfshadepath</span></span></span>
command must be given <span 
class="cmti-10">inside </span>a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfpicture}</span></span></span> environment.
<!--l. 262--><p class="indent">
     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox175"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\begin{</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">pgfpicture</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">}</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
     </dd><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox176"><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">environment contents</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt;</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
     </dd><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox177"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\end{</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">pgfpicture</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">}</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
<a 
 id="dx20-201001"></a>
<a 
 id="dx20-201002"></a>
     <!--l. 263--><p class="noindent">This environment will insert a <span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;box containing the graphic drawn by the <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">environment contents</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt;</span>
     at the current position.
     <!--l. 267--><p class="noindent"><span 
class="cmbx-10">The size of the bounding box. </span>The size of the box is determined in the following manner: While
     <span 
class="cmcsc-10"><small 
class="small-caps">P</small><small 
class="small-caps">G</small><small 
class="small-caps">F</small></span>&nbsp;parses the <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">environment contents</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt;</span>, it keeps track of a bounding box for the graphic. Essentially,
     this bounding box is the smallest box that contains all coordinates mentioned in the graphics. Some
     coordinates may be &#8220;mentioned&#8221; by <span 
class="cmcsc-10"><small 
class="small-caps">P</small><small 
class="small-caps">G</small><small 
class="small-caps">F</small></span>&nbsp;itself; for example, when you add circle to the current path,
     the support points of the curve making up the circle are also &#8220;mentioned&#8221; despite the fact that you
     will not &#8220;see&#8221; them in your code.
     <!--l. 278--><p class="noindent">Once the <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">environment contents</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>has been parsed completely, a <span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;box is created whose size is the
     size of the computed bounding box and this box is inserted at the current position.
     <!--l. 282--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-397-" ><colgroup id="TBL-397-1g"><col 
id="TBL-397-1"><col 
id="TBL-397-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-397-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-397-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;Hello <object data="pgfmanual-471.svg" width="9.01108pt" height="4.70554pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> World!&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-397-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">Hello</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\begin{pgfpicture}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfpathrectangle{\pgfpointorigin}{\pgfpoint{2ex}{1ex}}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfusepath{stroke}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{pgfpicture}</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;World!</span></div>                                                                                       </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     <!--l. 289--><p class="noindent">Sometimes, you may need more fine-grained control over the size of the bounding box. For example, the
     computed bounding box may be too large or you intensionally wish the box to be &#8220;too small.&#8221; In
     these cases, you can use the command <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\pgfusepath{use</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;as</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;bounding</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;box}</span></span></span>, as described in
     Section&nbsp;<a 
href="pgfmanualse23.html#x24-25100023.5">23.5<!--tex4ht:ref: section-using-bb --></a>.
     <!--l. 298--><p class="noindent"><span 
class="cmbx-10">The baseline of the bounding box. </span>When the box containing the graphic is inserted into the normal text,
     the baseline of the graphic is normally at the bottom of the graphic. For this reason, the following two sets of
     code lines have the same effect, despite the fact that the second graphic uses &#8220;higher&#8221; coordinates than the
     first:
     <!--l. 305--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-398-" ><colgroup id="TBL-398-1g"><col 
id="TBL-398-1"><col 
id="TBL-398-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-398-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-398-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;Rectangles <object data="pgfmanual-472.svg" width="9.01108pt" height="4.70554pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> and<object data="pgfmanual-473.svg" width="9.01108pt" height="4.70554pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>. &nbsp; </td> <td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-398-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">Rectangles</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\begin{pgfpicture}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfpathrectangle{\pgfpointorigin}{\pgfpoint{2ex}{1ex}}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfusepath{stroke}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{pgfpicture}</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;and</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\begin{pgfpicture}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfpathrectangle{\pgfpoint{0ex}{1ex}}{\pgfpoint{2ex}{1ex}}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfusepath{stroke}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{pgfpicture}.</span></div>                                                                                             </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     <!--l. 315--><p class="noindent">You can change the baseline using the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\pgfsetbaseline</span></span></span> command, see below.
     <!--l. 318--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-399-" ><colgroup id="TBL-399-1g"><col 
id="TBL-399-1"><col 
id="TBL-399-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-399-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-399-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;Rectangles <object data="pgfmanual-474.svg" width="9.01108pt" height="4.70554pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> and<object data="pgfmanual-475.svg" width="9.01108pt" height="4.70554pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>. &nbsp; </td> <td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-399-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">Rectangles</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\begin{pgfpicture}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfpathrectangle{\pgfpointorigin}{\pgfpoint{2ex}{1ex}}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfusepath{stroke}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfsetbaseline{0pt}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{pgfpicture}</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;and</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\begin{pgfpicture}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfpathrectangle{\pgfpoint{0ex}{1ex}}{\pgfpoint{2ex}{1ex}}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfusepath{stroke}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfsetbaseline{0pt}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{pgfpicture}.</span></div>                                                                                             </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     <!--l. 331--><p class="noindent"><span 
class="cmbx-10">Including text and images in a picture. </span>You cannot directly include text and images in a
     picture. Thus, you should <span 
class="cmti-10">not </span>simply write some text in a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfpicture}</span></span></span> or use a command like
     <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\includegraphics</span></span></span> or even <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\pgfimage</span></span></span>. In all these cases, you need to place the text inside a
     <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\pgftext</span></span></span> command. This will &#8220;escape back&#8221; to normal <span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;mode, see Section&nbsp;<a 
href="#x20-20300019.3.3">19.3.3<!--tex4ht:ref: section-text-command --></a> for details.
     </dd></dl>
<!--l. 340--><p class="indent">
     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox178"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\pgfpicture</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
     </dd><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox179"><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">environment contents</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt;</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
     </dd><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox180"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\endpgfpicture</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
<a 
 id="dx20-201003"></a>
<a 
 id="dx20-201004"></a>
     <!--l. 341--><p class="noindent">The plain <span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;version of the environment. Note that in this version, also, a <span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;group is created
     around the environment. </dd></dl>
<!--l. 346--><p class="indent">
     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox181"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\pgfsetbaseline</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">{</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt;</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">}</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
<a 
 id="dx20-201005"></a>
     <!--l. 347--><p class="noindent">This command specifies a <span 
class="cmmi-10">y</span>-coordinate of the picture that should be used as the baseline of the
     whole picture. When a <span 
class="cmcsc-10"><small 
class="small-caps">P</small><small 
class="small-caps">G</small><small 
class="small-caps">F</small></span>&nbsp;picture has been typeset completely, <span 
class="cmcsc-10"><small 
class="small-caps">P</small><small 
class="small-caps">G</small><small 
class="small-caps">F</small></span>&nbsp;must decide at which height the
     baseline of the picture should lie. Normally, the baseline is set to the <span 
class="cmmi-10">y</span>-coordinate of the bottom of the
     picture, but it is often desirable to use another height.
     <!--l. 354--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-400-" ><colgroup id="TBL-400-1g"><col 
id="TBL-400-1"><col 
id="TBL-400-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-400-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-400-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;Text <object data="pgfmanual-476.svg" width="9.01108pt" height="9.01108pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>, <object data="pgfmanual-477.svg" width="9.01108pt" height="9.01108pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>, <object data="pgfmanual-478.svg" width="9.01108pt" height="9.01108pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>, <object data="pgfmanual-479.svg" width="9.01108pt" height="9.01108pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>. &nbsp; </td> <td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-400-1-2"  
class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">Text</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\tikz{\pgfpathcircle{\pgfpointorigin}{1ex}\pgfusepath{stroke}},</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\tikz{\pgfsetbaseline{0pt}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfpathcircle{\pgfpointorigin}{1ex}\pgfusepath{stroke}},</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\tikz{\pgfsetbaseline{.5ex}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfpathcircle{\pgfpointorigin}{1ex}\pgfusepath{stroke}},</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\tikz{\pgfsetbaseline{-1ex}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfpathcircle{\pgfpointorigin}{1ex}\pgfusepath{stroke}}.</span></div>                                           </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     </dd></dl>
<!--l. 365--><p class="noindent">
   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">19.3.2   </span> <a 
 id="x20-20200019.3.2"></a>Graphic Scope Environments</h5>
<!--l. 367--><p class="noindent">Inside a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfpicture}</span></span></span> environment you can substructure your picture using the following environment:
<!--l. 370--><p class="indent">
     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox182"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\begin{</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">pgfscope</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">}</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
     </dd><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox183"><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">environment contents</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt;</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
     </dd><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox184"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\end{</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">pgfscope</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">}</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
<a 
 id="dx20-202001"></a>
<a 
 id="dx20-202002"></a>
     <!--l. 371--><p class="noindent">All changes to the graphic state done inside this environment are local to the environment. The graphic state
     includes the following:
         <ul class="itemize1">
         <li class="itemize">The line width.
         </li>
         <li class="itemize">The stroke and fill colors.
         </li>
         <li class="itemize">The dash pattern.
         </li>
         <li class="itemize">The line join and cap.
         </li>
         <li class="itemize">The miter limit.
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
         </li>
         <li class="itemize">The canvas transformation matrix.
         </li>
         <li class="itemize">The clipping path.</li></ul>
     <!--l. 389--><p class="noindent">Other parameters may also influence how graphics are rendered, but they are <span 
class="cmti-10">not </span>part of the graphic state.
     For example, the arrow tip kind is not part of the graphic state and the effect of commands setting the arrow
     tip kind are local to the current <span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;group, not to the current <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfscope}</span></span></span>. However, since <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfscope}</span></span></span>
     starts and ends a <span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;group automatically, a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfscope}</span></span></span> can be used to limit the effect of, say, commands
     that set the arrow tip kind.
     <!--l. 397--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-401-" ><colgroup id="TBL-401-1g"><col 
id="TBL-401-1"><col 
id="TBL-401-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-401-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-401-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-480.svg" width="35.64433pt" height="10.61108pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-401-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\begin{pgfpicture}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\begin{pgfscope}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;{</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfsetlinewidth{2pt}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfpathrectangle{\pgfpointorigin}{\pgfpoint{2ex}{2ex}}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfusepath{stroke}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfpathrectangle{\pgfpoint{3ex}{0ex}}{\pgfpoint{2ex}{2ex}}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfusepath{stroke}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\end{pgfscope}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfpathrectangle{\pgfpoint{6ex}{0ex}}{\pgfpoint{2ex}{2ex}}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfusepath{stroke}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{pgfpicture}</span></div>                                                                                              </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     <!--l. 413--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-402-" ><colgroup id="TBL-402-1g"><col 
id="TBL-402-1"><col 
id="TBL-402-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-402-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-402-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-481.svg" width="34.84433pt" height="9.01108pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-402-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\begin{pgfpicture}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\begin{pgfscope}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;{</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfsetarrows{-to}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpointorigin}\pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{2ex}{2ex}}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfusepath{stroke}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{3ex}{0ex}}\pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{5ex}{2ex}}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfusepath{stroke}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\end{pgfscope}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{6ex}{0ex}}\pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{8ex}{2ex}}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfusepath{stroke}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{pgfpicture}</span></div>                                                                                              </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     <!--l. 429--><p class="noindent">At the start of the scope, the current path must be empty, that is, you cannot open a scope while constructing
     a path.
     <!--l. 432--><p class="noindent">It is usually a good idea <span 
class="cmti-10">not </span>to introduce <span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;groups inside a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfscope}</span></span></span> environment. </dd></dl>
<!--l. 436--><p class="indent">
     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox185"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\pgfscope</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
     </dd><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox186"><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">environment contents</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt;</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
     </dd><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox187"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\endpgfscope</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
<a 
 id="dx20-202003"></a>
<a 
 id="dx20-202004"></a>
     <!--l. 437--><p class="noindent">Plain <span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;version of the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfscope}</span></span></span> environment. </dd></dl>
<!--l. 441--><p class="indent">   The following scopes also encapsulate certain properties of the graphic state. However, they are typically not
used directly by the user.
<!--l. 445--><p class="indent">
     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox188"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\begin{</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">pgfinterruptpath</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">}</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
     </dd><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox189"><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">environment contents</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt;</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
     </dd><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox190"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\end{</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">pgfinterruptpath</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">}</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
<a 
 id="dx20-202005"></a>
<a 
 id="dx20-202006"></a>
     <!--l. 446--><p class="noindent">This environment can be used to temporarily interrupt the construction of the current path. The effect
     will be that the path currently under construction will be &#8220;stored away&#8221; and restored at the end of
     the environment. Inside the environment you can construct a new path and do something with it.
     <!--l. 452--><p class="noindent">An example application of this environment is the arrow tip caching. Suppose you ask <span 
class="cmcsc-10"><small 
class="small-caps">P</small><small 
class="small-caps">G</small><small 
class="small-caps">F</small></span>&nbsp;to use a
     specific arrow tip kind. When the arrow tip needs to be rendered for the first time, <span 
class="cmcsc-10"><small 
class="small-caps">P</small><small 
class="small-caps">G</small><small 
class="small-caps">F</small></span>&nbsp;will &#8220;cache&#8221;
     the path that makes up the arrow tip. To do so, it interrupts the current path construction and then
     protocols the path of the arrow tip. The <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfinterruptpath}</span></span></span> environment is used to ensure that this
     does not interfere with the path to which the arrow tips should be attached.
     <!--l. 461--><p class="noindent">This command does <span 
class="cmti-10">not </span>install a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfscope}</span></span></span>. In particular, it does not call any <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\pgfsys@</span></span></span> commands
     at all, which would, indeed, be dangerous in the middle of a path construction. </dd></dl>
<!--l. 466--><p class="indent">
     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox191"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\begin{</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">pgfinterruptpicture</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">}</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
     </dd><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox192"><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">environment contents</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt;</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
     </dd><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox193"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\end{</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">pgfinterruptpicture</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">}</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
<a 
 id="dx20-202007"></a>
<a 
 id="dx20-202008"></a>
     <!--l. 467--><p class="noindent">This environment can be used to temporarily interrupt a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfpicture}</span></span></span>. However, the environment is
     intended only to be used at the beginning and end of a box that is (later) inserted into a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfpicture}</span></span></span>
     using <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\pgfqbox</span></span></span>. You cannot use this environment directly inside a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfpicture}</span></span></span>.
     <!--l. 473--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-403-" ><colgroup id="TBL-403-1g"><col 
id="TBL-403-1"><col 
id="TBL-403-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-403-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-403-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-483.svg" width="0.4pt" height="28.85274pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>       &nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-403-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\begin{pgfpicture}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{0cm}{0cm}}</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">%</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">&nbsp;In</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">&nbsp;the</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">&nbsp;middle</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">&nbsp;of</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">&nbsp;path,</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">&nbsp;now</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\newbox\mybox</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\setbox\mybox=\hbox{</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\begin{pgfinterruptpicture}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;Sub-\begin{pgfpicture}</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">%</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">&nbsp;a</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">&nbsp;subpicture</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{1cm}{0cm}}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{1cm}{1cm}}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfusepath{stroke}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\end{pgfpicture}-picture.</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\end{pgfinterruptpicture}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfqbox{\mybox}</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">%</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{0cm}{1cm}}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgfusepath{stroke}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{pgfpicture}\hskip3.9cm</span></div>                                                                                   </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     </dd></dl>
<!--l. 494--><p class="noindent">
   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">19.3.3   </span> <a 
 id="x20-20300019.3.3"></a>Inserting Text and Images</h5>
<!--l. 498--><p class="noindent">Often, you may wish to add normal <span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;text at a certain point inside a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfpicture}</span></span></span>. You cannot do so
&#8220;directly,&#8221; that is, you cannot simply write this text inside the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfpicture}</span></span></span> environment. Rather, you must pass
the text as an argument to the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\pgftext</span></span></span> command.
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
<!--l. 503--><p class="indent">   You must <span 
class="cmti-10">also </span>use the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\pgftext</span></span></span> command to insert an image or a shading into a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfpicture}</span></span></span>.
<!--l. 506--><p class="indent">
     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox194"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\pgftext</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">[</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">options</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt;</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">]</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">{</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">text</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt;</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">}</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
<a 
 id="dx20-203001"></a>
     <!--l. 507--><p class="noindent">This  command  will  typeset  <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">text</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>in  normal  <span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;mode  and  insert  the  resulting  box  into  the
     <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{pgfpicture}</span></span></span>. The bounding box of the graphic will be updated so that all of the text box is inside.
     Be default, the text box is centered at the origin, but this can be changed either by giving appropriate
     <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">options</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>or by applying an appropriate coordinate transformation beforehand.
     <!--l. 514--><p class="noindent">The <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">text</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>may contain verbatim text. (In other words, the <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">text</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>&#8220;argument&#8221; is not a normal argument,
     but is put in a box and some <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\aftergroup</span></span></span> hackery is used to find the end of the box.)
     <!--l. 519--><p class="noindent"><span 
class="cmcsc-10"><small 
class="small-caps">P</small><small 
class="small-caps">G</small><small 
class="small-caps">F</small></span>&#8217;s current (high-level) coordinate transformation is synchronized with the canvas transformation
     matrix temporarily when the text box is inserted. The effect is that if there is currently a high-level
     rotation of, say, 30 degrees, the <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">text</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>will also be rotated by thirty degrees. If you do not want this
     effect, you have to (possibly temporarily) reset the high-level transformation matrix.
     <!--l. 527--><p class="noindent">The following <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">options</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>may be given as conveniences:
         <ul class="itemize1">
         <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">left</span><a 
 id="dx20-203002"></a><a 
 id="dx20-203003"></a> causes the text box to be placed such that its left border is on the origin.
         <!--l. 531--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-404-" ><colgroup id="TBL-404-1g"><col 
id="TBL-404-1"><col 
id="TBL-404-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-404-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-404-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-484.svg" width="57.10547pt" height="28.65271pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-404-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz{\draw[help</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;lines]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(-1,-.5)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;grid</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,.5);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgftext[left]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;{lovely}}</span></div>                                                                                 </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
         </li>
         <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">right</span><a 
 id="dx20-203004"></a><a 
 id="dx20-203005"></a> causes the text box to be placed such that its right border is on the origin.
         <!--l. 537--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-405-" ><colgroup id="TBL-405-1g"><col 
id="TBL-405-1"><col 
id="TBL-405-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-405-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-405-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-485.svg" width="57.10547pt" height="28.65271pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-405-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz{\draw[help</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;lines]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(-1,-.5)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;grid</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,.5);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgftext[right]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;{lovely}}</span></div>                                                                                </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
         </li>
         <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">top</span><a 
 id="dx20-203006"></a><a 
 id="dx20-203007"></a> causes the text box to be placed such that its top is on the origin. This option can be used together
         with the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">left</span></span></span> or <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">right</span></span></span> option.
         <!--l. 545--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-406-" ><colgroup id="TBL-406-1g"><col 
id="TBL-406-1"><col 
id="TBL-406-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-406-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-406-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-486.svg" width="57.10547pt" height="28.65271pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-406-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz{\draw[help</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;lines]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(-1,-.5)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;grid</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,.5);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgftext[top]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;{lovely}}</span></div>                                                                                  </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
         <!--l. 549--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-407-" ><colgroup id="TBL-407-1g"><col 
id="TBL-407-1"><col 
id="TBL-407-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-407-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-407-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-487.svg" width="57.10547pt" height="28.65271pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-407-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz{\draw[help</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;lines]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(-1,-.5)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;grid</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,.5);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgftext[top,right]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;{lovely}}</span></div>                                                                            </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
         </li>
         <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">bottom</span><a 
 id="dx20-203008"></a><a 
 id="dx20-203009"></a> causes the text box to be placed such that its bottom is on the origin.
         <!--l. 556--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-408-" ><colgroup id="TBL-408-1g"><col 
id="TBL-408-1"><col 
id="TBL-408-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-408-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-408-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-488.svg" width="57.10547pt" height="28.65271pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-408-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz{\draw[help</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;lines]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(-1,-.5)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;grid</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,.5);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgftext[bottom]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;{lovely}}</span></div>                                                                               </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
         <!--l. 560--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-409-" ><colgroup id="TBL-409-1g"><col 
id="TBL-409-1"><col 
id="TBL-409-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-409-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-409-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-489.svg" width="57.10547pt" height="28.65271pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-409-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz{\draw[help</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;lines]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(-1,-.5)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;grid</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,.5);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgftext[bottom,right]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;{lovely}}</span></div>                                                                         </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
         </li>
         <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">base</span><a 
 id="dx20-203010"></a><a 
 id="dx20-203011"></a> causes the text box to be placed such that its baseline is on the origin.
         <!--l. 567--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-410-" ><colgroup id="TBL-410-1g"><col 
id="TBL-410-1"><col 
id="TBL-410-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-410-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-410-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-490.svg" width="57.10547pt" height="28.65271pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-410-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz{\draw[help</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;lines]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(-1,-.5)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;grid</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,.5);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgftext[base]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;{lovely}}</span></div>                                                                                 </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
         <!--l. 571--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-411-" ><colgroup id="TBL-411-1g"><col 
id="TBL-411-1"><col 
id="TBL-411-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-411-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-411-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-491.svg" width="57.10547pt" height="28.65271pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-411-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz{\draw[help</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;lines]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(-1,-.5)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;grid</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,.5);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgftext[base,right]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;{lovely}}</span></div>                                                                           </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
         </li>
         <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">at</span><a 
 id="dx20-203012"></a><a 
 id="dx20-203013"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">point</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>Translates the origin (that is, the point where the text is shown) to <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">point</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt;</span>.
         <!--l. 578--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-412-" ><colgroup id="TBL-412-1g"><col 
id="TBL-412-1"><col 
id="TBL-412-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-412-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-412-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-492.svg" width="69.50551pt" height="28.65271pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-412-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz{\draw[help</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;lines]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(-1,-.5)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;grid</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,.5);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgftext[base,at={\pgfpoint{1cm}{0cm}}]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;{lovely}}</span></div>                                                        </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
         </li>
         <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">x</span><a 
 id="dx20-203014"></a><a 
 id="dx20-203015"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>Translates the origin by <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>along the <span 
class="cmmi-10">x</span>-axis.
         <!--l. 584--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-413-" ><colgroup id="TBL-413-1g"><col 
id="TBL-413-1"><col 
id="TBL-413-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-413-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-413-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-493.svg" width="69.50551pt" height="28.65271pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-413-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz{\draw[help</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;lines]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(-1,-.5)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;grid</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,.5);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgftext[base,x=1cm,y=-0.5cm]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;{lovely}}</span></div>                                                                  </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
         </li>
         <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">y</span><a 
 id="dx20-203016"></a><a 
 id="dx20-203017"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>works like the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">x</span></span></span> option.
         </li>
         <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">rotate</span><a 
 id="dx20-203018"></a><a 
 id="dx20-203019"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">degree</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>Rotates the coordinate system by <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">degree</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt;</span>. This will also rotate the text
         box.
         <!--l. 593--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-414-" ><colgroup id="TBL-414-1g"><col 
id="TBL-414-1"><col 
id="TBL-414-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-414-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-414-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-494.svg" width="66.85864pt" height="33.1188pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-414-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz{\draw[help</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;lines]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(-1,-.5)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;grid</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,.5);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\pgftext[base,x=1cm,y=-0.5cm,rotate=30]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;{lovely}}</span></div>                                                        </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
         </li></ul>
     </dd></dl>
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
   <div class="crosslinks"><p class="noindent">[<a 
href="pgfmanualse20.html" >next</a>] [<a 
href="pgfmanualse18.html" >prev</a>] [<a 
href="pgfmanualse18.html#tailpgfmanualse18.html" >prev-tail</a>] [<a 
href="pgfmanualse19.html" >front</a>] [<a 
href="pgfmanual.html#pgfmanualse19.html" >up</a>] </p></div>
<!--l. 8--><p class="indent">   <a 
 id="tailpgfmanualse19.html"></a>    
</body></html>