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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"  
  "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">  
<html > 
<head><title>10 Actions on Paths</title> 
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<meta name="date" content="2005-10-23 18:34:00"> 
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>
   <div class="crosslinks"><p class="noindent">[<a 
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   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10   </span> <a 
 id="x11-12000010"></a>Actions on Paths</h3>
<!--l. 10--><p class="noindent">Once a path has been constructed, different things can be done with it. It can be drawn (or stroked) with
a &#8220;pen,&#8221; it can be filled with a color or shading, it can be used for clipping subsequent drawing, it
can be used to specify the extend of the picture--or any combination of these actions at the same
time.
<!--l. 16--><p class="indent">   To decide what is to be done with a path, two methods can be used. First, you can use a special-purpose
command like <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\draw</span></span></span> to indicate that the path should be drawn. However, commands like <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\draw</span></span></span> and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\fill</span></span></span> are
just abbreviations for special cases of the more general method: Here, the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\path</span></span></span> command is used
to specify the path. Then, options encountered on the path indicate what should be done with the
path.
<!--l. 24--><p class="indent">   For example, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\path</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;(1cm);</span></span></span> means &#8220;This is a path consisting of a circle around the origin. Do
not do anything with it (throw it away).&#8221; However, if the option <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">draw</span></span></span> is encountered anywhere on the path, the
circle will be drawn. &#8220;Anywhere&#8221; is any point on the path where an option can be given, which is everywhere where
a path command like <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;(1cm)</span></span></span> or <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;(1,1)</span></span></span> or even just <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">(0,0)</span></span></span> would also be allowed. Thus, the
following commands all draw the same circle:
<!--l. 32--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-156-" ><colgroup id="TBL-156-1g"><col 
id="TBL-156-1"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-156-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-156-1-1"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\path</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;[draw]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1cm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\path</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;[draw]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1cm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\path</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1cm)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;[draw];</span></div>                                                                              </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
<!--l. 37--><p class="indent">   Finally, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\draw</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;(1cm);</span></span></span> also draws a path, because <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\draw</span></span></span> is an abbreviation for <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\path</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;[draw]</span></span></span>
and thus the command expands to the first line of the above example.
<!--l. 41--><p class="indent">   Similarly, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\fill</span></span></span> is an abbreviation for <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\path[fill]</span></span></span> and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\filldraw</span></span></span> is an abbreviation for the
command <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\path[fill,draw]</span></span></span>. Since options accumulate, the following commands all have the same
effect:
<!--l. 45--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-157-" ><colgroup id="TBL-157-1g"><col 
id="TBL-157-1"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-157-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-157-1-1"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\path</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;[draw,fill]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1cm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\path</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;[draw]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;[fill]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1cm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\path</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;[fill]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1cm)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;[draw];</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\draw</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;[fill]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1cm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\fill</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;[draw]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1cm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\filldraw</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1cm);</span></div>                                                                                 </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
<!--l. 54--><p class="indent">   In the following subsection the different actions are explained that can be performed on a path. The following
commands are abbreviations for certain sets of actions, but for many useful combinations there are no
abbreviations:
<!--l. 59--><p class="indent">
     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox73"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\draw</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
<a 
 id="dx11-120001"></a>
     <!--l. 60--><p class="noindent">Inside <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{tikzpicture}</span></span></span> this is an abbreviation for <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\path[draw]</span></span></span>. </dd></dl>
<!--l. 63--><p class="indent">
     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox74"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\fill</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
<a 
 id="dx11-120002"></a>
     <!--l. 64--><p class="noindent">Inside <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{tikzpicture}</span></span></span> this is an abbreviation for <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\path[fill]</span></span></span>. </dd></dl>
<!--l. 67--><p class="indent">
     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox75"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\filldraw</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
<a 
 id="dx11-120003"></a>
     <!--l. 68--><p class="noindent">Inside <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{tikzpicture}</span></span></span> this is an abbreviation for <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\path[fill,draw]</span></span></span>. </dd></dl>
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
<!--l. 71--><p class="indent">
     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox76"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\shade</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
<a 
 id="dx11-120004"></a>
     <!--l. 72--><p class="noindent">Inside <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{tikzpicture}</span></span></span> this is an abbreviation for <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\path[shade]</span></span></span>. </dd></dl>
<!--l. 75--><p class="indent">
     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox77"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\shadedraw</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
<a 
 id="dx11-120005"></a>
     <!--l. 76--><p class="noindent">Inside <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{tikzpicture}</span></span></span> this is an abbreviation for <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\path[shade,draw]</span></span></span>. </dd></dl>
<!--l. 79--><p class="indent">
     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox78"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\clip</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
<a 
 id="dx11-120006"></a>
     <!--l. 80--><p class="noindent">Inside <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{tikzpicture}</span></span></span> this is an abbreviation for <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\path[clip]</span></span></span>. </dd></dl>
<!--l. 83--><p class="indent">
     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox79"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\useasboundingbox</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
<a 
 id="dx11-120007"></a>
     <!--l. 84--><p class="noindent">Inside <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{tikzpicture}</span></span></span> this is an abbreviation for <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\path[use</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;as</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;bounding</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;box]</span></span></span>. </dd></dl>
<!--l. 87--><p class="indent">
     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox80"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\node</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
<a 
 id="dx11-120008"></a>
     <!--l. 88--><p class="noindent">Inside <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{tikzpicture}</span></span></span> this is an abbreviation for <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\path</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;node</span></span></span>. Note that, for once, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">node</span></span></span> is not an
     option but a path operation. </dd></dl>
<!--l. 92--><p class="indent">
     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span 
class="colorbox" id="colorbox81"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\coordinate</span></span> </dt><dd 
class="description">
<a 
 id="dx11-120009"></a>
     <!--l. 93--><p class="noindent">Inside <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{tikzpicture}</span></span></span> this is an abbreviation for <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\path</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;coordinate</span></span></span>. </dd></dl>
<!--l. 98--><p class="noindent">
   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.1   </span> <a 
 id="x11-12100010.1"></a>Specifying a Color</h4>
<!--l. 100--><p class="noindent">The most unspecific option for setting colors is the following:
     <ul class="itemize1">
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">color</span><a 
 id="dx11-121001"></a><a 
 id="dx11-121002"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">color name</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt;</span><a 
 id="dx11-121003"></a><a 
 id="dx11-121004"></a>This option sets the color that is used for fill, drawing, and text inside the current
     scope. Any special settings for filling colors or drawing colors are immediately &#8220;overruled&#8221; by this
     option.
     <!--l. 109--><p class="noindent">The <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">color name</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>is the name of a previously defined color. For <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span></span>&nbsp;users, this is just a normal
     &#8220;<span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span></span>-color&#8221; and the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">xcolor</span></span></span> extensions are allows. Here is an example:
     <!--l. 113--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-158-" ><colgroup id="TBL-158-1g"><col 
id="TBL-158-1"><col 
id="TBL-158-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-158-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-158-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-156.svg" width="8.61108pt" height="8.61108pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> &nbsp; </td> <td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-158-1-2"  
class="td11"><table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\fill[color=red!20]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1ex);</span></div>                                                                 </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table>
     </div>
     <!--l. 117--><p class="noindent">It is possible to &#8220;leave out&#8221; the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">color=</span></span></span> part and you can also write:
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
     <!--l. 119--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-159-" ><colgroup id="TBL-159-1g"><col 
id="TBL-159-1"><col 
id="TBL-159-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-159-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-159-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-157.svg" width="8.61108pt" height="8.61108pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> &nbsp; </td> <td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-159-1-2"  
class="td11"><table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\fill[red!20]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1ex);</span></div>                                                                       </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table>
     </div>
     <!--l. 122--><p class="noindent">What happens is that every option that Ti<span 
class="cmti-10">k</span>Z&nbsp;does not know, like <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">red!20</span></span></span>, gets a &#8220;second chance&#8221; as a color
     name.
     <!--l. 125--><p class="noindent">For plain <span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;users, it is not so easy to specify colors since plain <span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;has no &#8220;standardized&#8221; color naming
     mechanism. Because of this, <span 
class="cmcsc-10"><small 
class="small-caps">P</small><small 
class="small-caps">G</small><small 
class="small-caps">F</small></span>&nbsp;emulates the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">xcolor</span></span></span> package, though the emulation is <span 
class="cmti-10">extremely basic </span>(more
     precisely, what I could hack together in two hours or so). The emulation allows you to do the
     following:
         <ul class="itemize2">
         <li class="itemize">Specify a new color using <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\definecolor</span></span></span>. Only the two color models <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">gray</span></span></span> and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">rgb</span></span></span> are supported.
         <!--l. 134--><p class="noindent"><span 
class="cmti-10">Example: </span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\definecolor{orange}{rgb}{1,0.5,0}</span></span></span>
         </li>
         <li class="itemize">Use <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\colorlet</span></span></span> to define a new color based on an old one. Here, the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">!</span></span></span> mechanism is supported,
         though only &#8220;once&#8221; (use multiple <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\colorlet</span></span></span> for more fancy colors).
         <!--l. 138--><p class="noindent"><span 
class="cmti-10">Example: </span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\colorlet{lightgray}{black!25}</span></span></span>
         </li>
         <li class="itemize">Use <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\color</span></span></span><span 
class="cmtt-10">{</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">color name</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt;</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">} </span>to set the color in the current <span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;group. <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\aftergroup</span></span></span>-hackery is
         used to restore the color after the group.</li></ul>
     </li></ul>
<!--l. 145--><p class="indent">   As pointed out above, the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">color=</span></span></span> option applies to &#8220;everything&#8221; (except to shadings), which is not always what
you want. Because of this, there are several more specialized color options. For example, the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">draw=</span></span></span> option sets the
color used for drawing, but does not modify the color used for filling. These color options are documented where the
path action they influence is described.
<!--l. 153--><p class="noindent">
   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.2   </span> <a 
 id="x11-12200010.2"></a>Drawing a Path</h4>
<!--l. 155--><p class="noindent">You can draw a path using the following option:
     <ul class="itemize1">
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">draw</span><a 
 id="dx11-122001"></a><a 
 id="dx11-122002"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">color</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt;</span> Causes the path to be drawn. &#8220;Drawing&#8221; (also known as &#8220;stroking&#8221;) can be thought of
     as picking up a pen and moving it along the path, thereby leaving &#8220;ink&#8221; on the canvas.
     <!--l. 162--><p class="noindent">There are numerous parameters that influence how a line is drawn, like the thickness or the dash
     pattern. These options are explained below.
     <!--l. 166--><p class="noindent">If the optional <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">color</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>argument is given, drawing is done using the given <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">color</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt;</span>. This color can be
     different from the current filling color, which allows you to draw and fill a path with different colors.
     If no <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">color</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>argument is given, the last usage of the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">color=</span></span></span> option is used.
     <!--l. 172--><p class="noindent">If the special color name <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">none</span></span></span> is given, this option causes drawing to be &#8220;switched off.&#8221; This is useful
     if a style has previously switched on drawing and you locally wish to undo this effect.
     <!--l. 177--><p class="noindent">Although this option is normally used on paths to indicate that the path should be drawn, it also
     makes sense to use the option with a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{scope}</span></span></span> or <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{tikzpicture}</span></span></span> environment. However, this will <span 
class="cmti-10">not</span>
     cause all path to drawn. Instead, this just sets the <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">color</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>to be used for drawing paths inside the
     environment.
     <!--l. 183--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-160-" ><colgroup id="TBL-160-1g"><col 
id="TBL-160-1"><col 
id="TBL-160-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-160-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-160-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-158.svg" width="67.30548pt" height="38.85274pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-160-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\path[draw=red]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,1)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(2,1)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(10pt);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div>                                                                                             </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     </li></ul>
<!--l. 190--><p class="indent">   The following subsections list the different options that influence how a path is drawn. All of these options only
have an effect if the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">draw</span></span></span> options is given (directly or indirectly).
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
<!--l. 194--><p class="noindent">
   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.2.1   </span> <a 
 id="x11-12300010.2.1"></a>Graphic Parameters: Line Width, Line Cap, and Line Join</h5>
     <ul class="itemize1">
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">line width</span><a 
 id="dx11-123001"></a><a 
 id="dx11-123002"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>Specifies the line width. Note the space. Default: <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">0.4pt</span></span></span>.
     <!--l. 202--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-161-" ><colgroup id="TBL-161-1g"><col 
id="TBL-161-1"><col 
id="TBL-161-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-161-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-161-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-159.svg" width="33.45274pt" height="11.45831pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-161-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\tikz</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[line</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;width=5pt]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1cm,1.5ex);</span></div>                                                           </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     </li></ul>
<!--l. 207--><p class="noindent">There are a number of predefined styles that provide more &#8220;natural&#8221; ways of setting the line width. You can also
redefine these styles. Remember that you can leave out the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">style=</span></span></span> when setting a style.
     <ul class="itemize1">
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">style=</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">ultra thin</span><a 
 id="dx11-123003"></a><a 
 id="dx11-123004"></a> Sets the line width to 0.1pt.
     <!--l. 215--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-162-" ><colgroup id="TBL-162-1g"><col 
id="TBL-162-1"><col 
id="TBL-162-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-162-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-162-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-160.svg" width="28.55275pt" height="6.55832pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> &nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-162-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\tikz</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[ultra</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;thin]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1cm,1.5ex);</span></div>                                                               </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table>
     </div>
     </li>
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">style=</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">very thin</span><a 
 id="dx11-123005"></a><a 
 id="dx11-123006"></a> Sets the line width to 0.2pt.
     <!--l. 221--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-163-" ><colgroup id="TBL-163-1g"><col 
id="TBL-163-1"><col 
id="TBL-163-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-163-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-163-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-161.svg" width="28.65273pt" height="6.6583pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> &nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-163-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\tikz</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[very</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;thin]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1cm,1.5ex);</span></div>                                                                </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table>
     </div>
     </li>
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">style=</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">thin</span><a 
 id="dx11-123007"></a><a 
 id="dx11-123008"></a> Sets the line width to 0.4pt.
     <!--l. 227--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-164-" ><colgroup id="TBL-164-1g"><col 
id="TBL-164-1"><col 
id="TBL-164-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-164-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-164-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-162.svg" width="28.85274pt" height="6.8583pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> &nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-164-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\tikz</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[thin]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1cm,1.5ex);</span></div>                                                                     </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table>
     </div>
     </li>
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">style=</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">semithick</span><a 
 id="dx11-123009"></a><a 
 id="dx11-123010"></a> Sets the line width to 0.6pt.
     <!--l. 233--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-165-" ><colgroup id="TBL-165-1g"><col 
id="TBL-165-1"><col 
id="TBL-165-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-165-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-165-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-163.svg" width="29.05275pt" height="7.05832pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> &nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-165-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\tikz</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[semithick]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1cm,1.5ex);</span></div>                                                                </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table>
     </div>
     </li>
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">style=</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">thick</span><a 
 id="dx11-123011"></a><a 
 id="dx11-123012"></a> Sets the line width to 0.8pt.
     <!--l. 239--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-166-" ><colgroup id="TBL-166-1g"><col 
id="TBL-166-1"><col 
id="TBL-166-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-166-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-166-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-164.svg" width="29.25273pt" height="7.2583pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> &nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-166-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\tikz</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[thick]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1cm,1.5ex);</span></div>                                                                    </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table>
     </div>
     </li>
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">style=</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">very thick</span><a 
 id="dx11-123013"></a><a 
 id="dx11-123014"></a> Sets the line width to 1.2pt.
     <!--l. 245--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-167-" ><colgroup id="TBL-167-1g"><col 
id="TBL-167-1"><col 
id="TBL-167-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-167-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-167-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-165.svg" width="29.65273pt" height="7.6583pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> &nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-167-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\tikz</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[very</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;thick]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1cm,1.5ex);</span></div>                                                               </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table>
     </div>
     </li>
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">style=</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">ultra thick</span><a 
 id="dx11-123015"></a><a 
 id="dx11-123016"></a> Sets the line width to 1.6pt.
     <!--l. 251--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-168-" ><colgroup id="TBL-168-1g"><col 
id="TBL-168-1"><col 
id="TBL-168-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-168-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-168-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-166.svg" width="30.05275pt" height="8.05832pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> &nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-168-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\tikz</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[ultra</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;thick]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1cm,1.5ex);</span></div>                                                              </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table>
     </div>
     </li></ul>
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
     <ul class="itemize1">
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">cap</span><a 
 id="dx11-123017"></a><a 
 id="dx11-123018"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">type</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>Specifies how lines &#8220;end.&#8221; Permissible <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">type</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>are <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">round</span></span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">rect</span></span></span>, and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">butt</span></span></span> (default). They
     have the following effects:
     <!--l. 261--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-169-" ><colgroup id="TBL-169-1g"><col 
id="TBL-169-1"><col 
id="TBL-169-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-169-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-169-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-167.svg" width="38.45274pt" height="38.45274pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-169-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\begin{scope}[line</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;width=10pt]</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[cap=rect]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,0);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[cap=butt]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,.5)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,.5);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[cap=round]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,1</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,1);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\end{scope}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[white,line</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;width=1pt]</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,.5)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,.5)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,1</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,1);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div>                                                                                             </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     </li>
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">join</span><a 
 id="dx11-123019"></a><a 
 id="dx11-123020"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">type</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>Specifies how lines &#8220;join.&#8221; Permissible <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">type</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>are <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">round</span></span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">bevel</span></span></span>, and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">miter</span></span></span> (default). They have
     the following effects:
     <!--l. 277--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-170-" ><colgroup id="TBL-170-1g"><col 
id="TBL-170-1"><col 
id="TBL-170-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-170-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-170-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-168.svg" width="109.58458pt" height="47.67911pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-170-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}[line</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;width=10pt]</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[join=round]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;++(.5,1)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;++(.5,-1);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[join=bevel]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1.25,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;++(.5,1)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;++(.5,-1);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[join=miter]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(2.5,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;++(.5,1)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;++(.5,-1);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\useasboundingbox</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,1.5);</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">%</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">&nbsp;make</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">&nbsp;bounding</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">&nbsp;box</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">&nbsp;bigger</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div>                                                                                             </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     </li>
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">miter limit</span><a 
 id="dx11-123021"></a><a 
 id="dx11-123022"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">factor</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>When you use the miter join and there is a very sharp corner (a small angle), the miter
     join may protrude very far over the actual joining point. In this case, if it were to protrude by more
     than <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">factor</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>times the line width, the miter join is replaced by a bevel join. Default value is
     <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">10</span></span></span>.
     <!--l. 293--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><object data="pgfmanual-169.svg" width="400.83841pt" height="33.45273pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-171-" ><colgroup id="TBL-171-1g"><col 
id="TBL-171-1"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-171-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-171-1-1"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}[line</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;width=5pt]</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;++(5,.5)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;++(-5,.5);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[miter</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;limit=25]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(6,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;++(5,.5)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;++(-5,.5);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\useasboundingbox</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(14,0);</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">%</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">&nbsp;make</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">&nbsp;bounding</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">&nbsp;box</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">&nbsp;bigger</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div>                                                                                             </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table>
     </div>
     </li></ul>
<!--l. 302--><p class="noindent">
   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.2.2   </span> <a 
 id="x11-12400010.2.2"></a>Graphic Parameters: Dash Pattern</h5>
     <ul class="itemize1">
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">dash pattern</span><a 
 id="dx11-124001"></a><a 
 id="dx11-124002"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">dash pattern</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>Sets the dashing pattern. The syntax is the same as in <span 
class="cmcsc-10"><small 
class="small-caps">M</small><small 
class="small-caps">E</small><small 
class="small-caps">T</small><small 
class="small-caps">A</small><small 
class="small-caps">F</small><small 
class="small-caps">O</small><small 
class="small-caps">N</small><small 
class="small-caps">T</small></span>. For
     example <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">on</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;2pt</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;off</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;3pt</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;on</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;4pt</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;off</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;4pt</span></span></span> means &#8220;draw 2pt, then leave out 3pt, then draw 4pt once
     more, then leave out 4pt again, repeat&#8221;.
     <!--l. 311--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-172-" ><colgroup id="TBL-172-1g"><col 
id="TBL-172-1"><col 
id="TBL-172-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-172-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-172-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-170.svg" width="99.98463pt" height="1.0pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-172-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}[dash</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;pattern=on</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;2pt</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;off</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;3pt</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;on</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;4pt</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;off</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;4pt]</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0pt,0pt)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(3.5cm,0pt);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div>                                                                                             </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
     </li>
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">dash phase</span><a 
 id="dx11-124003"></a><a 
 id="dx11-124004"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">dash phase</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>Shifts the start of the dash pattern by <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">phase</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt;</span>.
     <!--l. 320--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-173-" ><colgroup id="TBL-173-1g"><col 
id="TBL-173-1"><col 
id="TBL-173-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-173-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-173-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-171.svg" width="99.98463pt" height="3.4pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-173-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}[dash</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;pattern=on</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;20pt</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;off</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;10pt]</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[dash</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;phase=0pt]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0pt,3pt)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(3.5cm,3pt);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[dash</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;phase=10pt]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0pt,0pt)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(3.5cm,0pt);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div>                                                                                             </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     </li></ul>
<!--l. 328--><p class="noindent">As for the line thickness, some predefined styles allow you to set the dashing conveniently.
     <ul class="itemize1">
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">style=</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">solid</span><a 
 id="dx11-124005"></a><a 
 id="dx11-124006"></a> Shorthand for setting a solid line as &#8220;dash pattern.&#8221; This is the default.
     <!--l. 335--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-174-" ><colgroup id="TBL-174-1g"><col 
id="TBL-174-1"><col 
id="TBL-174-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-174-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-174-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-172.svg" width="50.4pt" height="1.0pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-174-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[solid]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0pt,0pt)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(50pt,0pt);</span></div>                                                                   </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table>
     </div>
     </li>
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">style=</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">dotted</span><a 
 id="dx11-124007"></a><a 
 id="dx11-124008"></a> Shorthand for setting a dotted dash pattern.
     <!--l. 342--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-175-" ><colgroup id="TBL-175-1g"><col 
id="TBL-175-1"><col 
id="TBL-175-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-175-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-175-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-173.svg" width="50.4pt" height="1.0pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-175-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[dotted]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0pt,0pt)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(50pt,0pt);</span></div>                                                                  </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table>
     </div>
     </li>
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">style=</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">densely dotted</span><a 
 id="dx11-124009"></a><a 
 id="dx11-124010"></a> Shorthand for setting a densely dotted dash pattern.
     <!--l. 349--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-176-" ><colgroup id="TBL-176-1g"><col 
id="TBL-176-1"><col 
id="TBL-176-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-176-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-176-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-174.svg" width="50.4pt" height="1.0pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-176-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[densely</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;dotted]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0pt,0pt)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(50pt,0pt);</span></div>                                                          </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table>
     </div>
     </li>
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">style=</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">loosely dotted</span><a 
 id="dx11-124011"></a><a 
 id="dx11-124012"></a> Shorthand for setting a loosely dotted dash pattern.
     <!--l. 356--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-177-" ><colgroup id="TBL-177-1g"><col 
id="TBL-177-1"><col 
id="TBL-177-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-177-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-177-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-175.svg" width="50.4pt" height="1.0pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-177-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[loosely</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;dotted]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0pt,0pt)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(50pt,0pt);</span></div>                                                          </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table>
     </div>
     </li>
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">style=</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">dashed</span><a 
 id="dx11-124013"></a><a 
 id="dx11-124014"></a> Shorthand for setting a dashed dash pattern.
     <!--l. 363--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-178-" ><colgroup id="TBL-178-1g"><col 
id="TBL-178-1"><col 
id="TBL-178-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-178-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-178-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-176.svg" width="50.4pt" height="1.0pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-178-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[dashed]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0pt,0pt)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(50pt,0pt);</span></div>                                                                  </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table>
     </div>
     </li>
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">style=</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">densely dashed</span><a 
 id="dx11-124015"></a><a 
 id="dx11-124016"></a> Shorthand for setting a densely dashed dash pattern.
     <!--l. 370--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-179-" ><colgroup id="TBL-179-1g"><col 
id="TBL-179-1"><col 
id="TBL-179-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-179-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-179-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-177.svg" width="50.4pt" height="1.0pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-179-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[densely</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;dashed]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0pt,0pt)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(50pt,0pt);</span></div>                                                          </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table>
     </div>
     </li>
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">style=</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">loosely dashed</span><a 
 id="dx11-124017"></a><a 
 id="dx11-124018"></a> Shorthand for setting a loosely dashed dash pattern.
     <!--l. 377--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-180-" ><colgroup id="TBL-180-1g"><col 
id="TBL-180-1"><col 
id="TBL-180-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-180-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-180-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-178.svg" width="50.4pt" height="1.0pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-180-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[loosely</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;dashed]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0pt,0pt)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(50pt,0pt);</span></div>                                                          </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table>
     </div>
     </li></ul>
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
<!--l. 383--><p class="noindent">
   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.2.3   </span> <a 
 id="x11-12500010.2.3"></a>Graphic Parameters: Draw Opacity</h5>
<!--l. 385--><p class="noindent">When a line is drawn, it will normally &#8220;obscure&#8221; everything behind it as if you has used perfectly opaque ink. It is
also possible to ask Ti<span 
class="cmti-10">k</span>Z&nbsp;to use an ink that is a little bit (or a big bit) transparent. To do so, use the following
option:
     <ul class="itemize1">
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">draw opacity</span><a 
 id="dx11-125001"></a><a 
 id="dx11-125002"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">value</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>This option sets &#8220;how transparent&#8221; lines should be. A value of <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">1</span></span></span> means &#8220;fully
     opaque&#8221; or &#8220;not transparent at all,&#8221; a value of <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">0</span></span></span> means &#8220;fully transparent&#8221; or &#8220;invisible.&#8221; A value of
     <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">0.5</span></span></span> yields lines that are semitransparent.
     <!--l. 397--><p class="noindent">Note that when you use PostScript as your output format, this option works only with recent versions
     of GhostScript.
     <!--l. 400--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-181-" ><colgroup id="TBL-181-1g"><col 
id="TBL-181-1"><col 
id="TBL-181-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-181-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-181-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-179.svg" width="89.66377pt" height="32.75829pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-181-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}[line</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;width=1ex]</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(3,1);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\filldraw</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;[fill=examplefill,draw</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;opacity=0.5]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(2,1);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div>                                                                                             </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     </li></ul>
<!--l. 408--><p class="indent">   Note that the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">draw</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;opacity</span></span></span> options only sets the opacity of drawn lines. The opacity of fillings is set using
the option <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">fill</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;opacity</span></span></span> (documented in Section&nbsp;<a 
href="#x11-13000010.3.2">10.3.2<!--tex4ht:ref: section-fill-opacity --></a>. The option <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">opacity</span></span></span> sets both at the same
time.
     <ul class="itemize1">
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">opacity</span><a 
 id="dx11-125003"></a><a 
 id="dx11-125004"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">value</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>Sets both the drawing and filling opacity to <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">value</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt;</span>.
     <!--l. 417--><p class="noindent">The following predefined styles make it easier to use this option:
         <ul class="itemize2">
         <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">style=</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">transparent</span><a 
 id="dx11-125005"></a><a 
 id="dx11-125006"></a> Makes everything totally transparent and, hence, invisible.
         <!--l. 422--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-182-" ><colgroup id="TBL-182-1g"><col 
id="TBL-182-1"><col 
id="TBL-182-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-182-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-182-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-180.svg" width="42.67911pt" height="14.22636pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-182-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz{\fill[red]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,0.5);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\fill[transparent,red]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0.5,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1.5,0.25);</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;}</span></div>                                                  </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
         </li>
         <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">style=</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">ultra nearly transparent</span><a 
 id="dx11-125007"></a><a 
 id="dx11-125008"></a> Makes everything, well, ultra nearly transparent.
         <!--l. 429--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-183-" ><colgroup id="TBL-183-1g"><col 
id="TBL-183-1"><col 
id="TBL-183-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-183-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-183-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-181.svg" width="42.67911pt" height="14.22636pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-183-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz{\fill[red]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,0.5);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\fill[ultra</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;nearly</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;transparent]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0.5,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1.5,0.25);</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;}</span></div>                                         </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
         </li>
         <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">style=</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">very nearly transparent</span><a 
 id="dx11-125009"></a><a 
 id="dx11-125010"></a>
         <!--l. 434--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-184-" ><colgroup id="TBL-184-1g"><col 
id="TBL-184-1"><col 
id="TBL-184-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-184-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-184-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-182.svg" width="42.67911pt" height="14.22636pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-184-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz{\fill[red]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,0.5);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\fill[very</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;nearly</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;transparent]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0.5,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1.5,0.25);</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;}</span></div>                                          </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
         </li>
         <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">style=</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">nearly transparent</span><a 
 id="dx11-125011"></a><a 
 id="dx11-125012"></a>
         <!--l. 439--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-185-" ><colgroup id="TBL-185-1g"><col 
id="TBL-185-1"><col 
id="TBL-185-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-185-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-185-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-183.svg" width="42.67911pt" height="14.22636pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-185-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz{\fill[red]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,0.5);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\fill[nearly</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;transparent]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0.5,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1.5,0.25);</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;}</span></div>                                               </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
         </li>
         <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">style=</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">semitransparent</span><a 
 id="dx11-125013"></a><a 
 id="dx11-125014"></a>
         <!--l. 444--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-186-" ><colgroup id="TBL-186-1g"><col 
id="TBL-186-1"><col 
id="TBL-186-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-186-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-186-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-184.svg" width="42.67911pt" height="14.22636pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-186-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz{\fill[red]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,0.5);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\fill[semitransparent]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0.5,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1.5,0.25);</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;}</span></div>                                                  </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
         </li>
         <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">style=</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">nearly opaque</span><a 
 id="dx11-125015"></a><a 
 id="dx11-125016"></a>
         <!--l. 449--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-187-" ><colgroup id="TBL-187-1g"><col 
id="TBL-187-1"><col 
id="TBL-187-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-187-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-187-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-185.svg" width="42.67911pt" height="14.22636pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-187-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz{\fill[red]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,0.5);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\fill[nearly</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;opaque]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0.5,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1.5,0.25);</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;}</span></div>                                                    </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
         </li>
         <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">style=</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">very nearly opaque</span><a 
 id="dx11-125017"></a><a 
 id="dx11-125018"></a>
         <!--l. 454--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-188-" ><colgroup id="TBL-188-1g"><col 
id="TBL-188-1"><col 
id="TBL-188-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-188-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-188-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-186.svg" width="42.67911pt" height="14.22636pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-188-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz{\fill[red]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,0.5);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\fill[very</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;nearly</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;opaque]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0.5,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1.5,0.25);</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;}</span></div>                                               </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
         </li>
         <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">style=</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">ultra nearly opaque</span><a 
 id="dx11-125019"></a><a 
 id="dx11-125020"></a>
         <!--l. 459--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-189-" ><colgroup id="TBL-189-1g"><col 
id="TBL-189-1"><col 
id="TBL-189-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-189-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-189-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-187.svg" width="42.67911pt" height="14.22636pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-189-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz{\fill[red]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,0.5);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\fill[ultra</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;nearly</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;opaque]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0.5,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1.5,0.25);</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;}</span></div>                                              </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
         </li>
         <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">style=</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">opaque</span><a 
 id="dx11-125021"></a><a 
 id="dx11-125022"></a> This yields completely opaque drawings, which is the default.
         <!--l. 465--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-190-" ><colgroup id="TBL-190-1g"><col 
id="TBL-190-1"><col 
id="TBL-190-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-190-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-190-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-188.svg" width="42.67911pt" height="14.22636pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-190-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz{\fill[red]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,0.5);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\fill[opaque]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0.5,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1.5,0.25);</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;}</span></div>                                                           </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
         </li></ul>
     </li></ul>
<!--l. 475--><p class="noindent">
   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.2.4   </span> <a 
 id="x11-12600010.2.4"></a>Graphic Parameters: Arrow Tips</h5>
<!--l. 477--><p class="noindent">When you draw a line, you can add arrow tips at the ends. It is only possible to add one arrow tip at the start and
one at the end. If the path consists of several segments, only the last segment gets arrow tips. The behavior for
paths that are closed is not specified and may change in the future.
     <ul class="itemize1">
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">arrows</span><a 
 id="dx11-126001"></a><a 
 id="dx11-126002"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">start arrow kind</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt;</span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">-</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">end arrow kind</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt;</span> This option sets the start and end arrow tips (an empty
     value as in <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">-&gt;</span></span></span> indicates that no arrow tip should be drawn at the start).<a 
 id="dx11-126003"></a><a 
 id="dx11-126004"></a>
     <!--l. 490--><p class="noindent"><span 
class="cmti-10">Note: Since the arrow option is so often used, you can leave out the text </span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmitt-10">arrows=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmti-10">. </span>What happens is
     that every option that contains a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">-</span></span></span> is interpreted as an arrow specification.
     <!--l. 493--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-191-" ><colgroup id="TBL-191-1g"><col 
id="TBL-191-1"><col 
id="TBL-191-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-191-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-191-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-189.svg" width="28.85274pt" height="8.9359pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> &nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-191-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[-&gt;]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,0);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[o-stealth]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0.3)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,0.3);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div>                                                                                             </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     <!--l. 500--><p class="noindent">The permissible values are all predefined arrow tips, though you can also define new arrow tip kinds as
     explained in Section&nbsp;<a 
href="pgfmanualse24.html#x25-25200024">24<!--tex4ht:ref: section-arrows --></a>. This is often necessary to obtain &#8220;double&#8221; arrow tips and arrow tips that have a fixed
     size. Since <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">pgflibraryarrows</span></span></span> is loaded by default, all arrow tips described in Section&nbsp;<a 
href="pgfmanualse14.html#x15-16000014.1">14.1<!--tex4ht:ref: section-library-arrows --></a> are
     available.
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
     <!--l. 507--><p class="noindent">One arrow tip kind is special: <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">&gt;</span></span></span> (and all arrow tip kinds containing the arrow tip kind such as <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">&lt;&lt;</span></span></span>
     or <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">&gt;|</span></span></span>). This arrow tip type is not fixed. Rather, you can redefine it using the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">&gt;=</span></span></span> option, see
     below.
     <!--l. 512--><p class="noindent"><span 
class="cmti-10">Example: </span>You can also combine arrow tip types as in
     <!--l. 513--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-192-" ><colgroup id="TBL-192-1g"><col 
id="TBL-192-1"><col 
id="TBL-192-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-192-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-192-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-190.svg" width="102.83003pt" height="34.14363pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-192-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}[thick]</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[to</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;reversed-to]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;..</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;controls</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;+(.5,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;and</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;+(-.5,-.5)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;..</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;+(1.5,1);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[[-latex</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;reversed]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;..</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;controls</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;+(.5,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;and</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;+(-.5,-.5)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;..</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;+(1.5,1);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[latex-)]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(2,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;..</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;controls</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;+(.5,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;and</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;+(-.5,-.5)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;..</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;+(1.5,1);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\useasboundingbox</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(-.1,-.1)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(3.1,1.1);</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">%</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">&nbsp;make</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">&nbsp;bounding</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">&nbsp;box</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">&nbsp;bigger</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div>                                                                                             </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     </li>
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">&gt;</span><a 
 id="dx11-126005"></a><a 
 id="dx11-126006"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">end arrow kind</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>This option can be used to redefine the &#8220;standard&#8221; arrow tip <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">&gt;</span></span></span>. The idea is that different
     people have different ideas what arrow tip kind should normally be used. I prefer the arrow tip of <span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span>&#8217;s <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\to</span></span></span>
     command (which is used in things like <span 
class="cmmi-10">f</span> : <span 
class="cmmi-10">A </span><span 
class="cmsy-10"><img 
src="cmsy10-21.gif" alt="--&gt;" class="10x-x-21" /> </span><span 
class="cmmi-10">B</span>). Other people will prefer <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span></span>&#8217;s standard arrow tip,
     which looks like this: <object data="pgfmanual-191.svg" width="10.4pt" height="4.70554pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>. Since the arrow tip kind <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">&gt;</span></span></span> is certainly the most &#8220;natural&#8221; one to use, it is kept free of
     any predefined meaning. Instead, you can change it by saying <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">&gt;=to</span></span></span> to set the &#8220;standard&#8221; arrow tip kind to
     <span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span>&#8217;s arrow tip, whereas <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">&gt;=latex</span></span></span> will set it to <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span></span>&#8217;s arrow tip and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">&gt;=stealth</span></span></span> will use a <span 
class="cmcsc-10"><small 
class="small-caps">P</small><small 
class="small-caps">S</small><small 
class="small-caps">T</small><small 
class="small-caps">R</small><small 
class="small-caps">I</small><small 
class="small-caps">C</small><small 
class="small-caps">K</small><small 
class="small-caps">S</small></span>-like
     arrow tip.
     <!--l. 535--><p class="noindent">Apart from redefining the arrow tip kind <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">&gt;</span></span></span> (and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">&lt;</span></span></span> for the start), this option also redefines the following arrow
     tip kinds: <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">&gt;</span></span></span> and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">&lt;</span></span></span> as the swapped version of <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">end arrow kind</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt;</span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">&lt;&lt;</span></span></span> and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">&gt;&gt;</span></span></span> as doubled versions,
     <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">&gt;&gt;</span></span></span> and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">&lt;&lt;</span></span></span> as swapped doubled versions, and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">|&lt;</span></span></span> and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">&gt;|</span></span></span> as arrow tips ending with a vertical
     bar.
     <!--l. 541--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-193-" ><colgroup id="TBL-193-1g"><col 
id="TBL-193-1"><col 
id="TBL-193-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-193-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-193-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-192.svg" width="57.30548pt" height="52.0665pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-193-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2]</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\begin{scope}[&gt;=latex]</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[-&gt;]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0pt,6ex)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1cm,6ex);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[&gt;-&gt;&gt;]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0pt,5ex)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1cm,5ex);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[|&lt;-&gt;|]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0pt,4ex)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1cm,4ex);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\end{scope}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\begin{scope}[&gt;=diamond]</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[-&gt;]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0pt,2ex)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1cm,2ex);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[&gt;-&gt;&gt;]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0pt,1ex)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1cm,1ex);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[|&lt;-&gt;|]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0pt,0ex)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1cm,0ex);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\end{scope}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div>                                                                                             </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     </li>
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">shorten &gt;</span><a 
 id="dx11-126007"></a><a 
 id="dx11-126008"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>This option will shorten the end of lines by the given <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt;</span>. If you specify an
     arrow tip, lines are already shortened a bit such that the arrow tip touches the specified endpoint and does not
     &#8220;protrude over&#8221; this point. Here is an example:
     <!--l. 562--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular">
<table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-194-" ><colgroup id="TBL-194-1g"><col 
id="TBL-194-1"><col 
id="TBL-194-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-194-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-194-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-193.svg" width="99.5846pt" height="85.35822pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-194-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}[line</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;width=20pt]</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\useasboundingbox</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,-1.5)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(3.5,1.5);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[red]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(3,0);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[gray,-&gt;]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(3,0);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div>                                                                                             </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
     <!--l. 570--><p class="noindent">The <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">shorten</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;&gt;</span></span></span> option allows you to shorten the end on the line <span 
class="cmti-10">additionally </span>by the given distance. This
     option can also be useful if you have not specified an arrow tip at all.
     <!--l. 574--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular">
<table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-195-" ><colgroup id="TBL-195-1g"><col 
id="TBL-195-1"><col 
id="TBL-195-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-195-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-195-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-194.svg" width="99.5846pt" height="85.35822pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-195-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}[line</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;width=20pt]</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\useasboundingbox</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,-1.5)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(3.5,1.5);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[red]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(3,0);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[-to,shorten</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;&gt;=10pt,gray]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(3,0);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div>                                                                                             </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     </li>
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">shorten &lt;</span><a 
 id="dx11-126009"></a><a 
 id="dx11-126010"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>works like <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">shorten</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;&gt;</span></span></span>, but for the start.</li></ul>
<!--l. 588--><p class="noindent">
   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.2.5   </span> <a 
 id="x11-12700010.2.5"></a>Graphic Parameters: Double Lines and Bordered Lines</h5>
     <ul class="itemize1">
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">double</span><a 
 id="dx11-127001"></a><a 
 id="dx11-127002"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">core color</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt;</span> This option causes &#8220;two&#8221; lines to be drawn instead of a single one. However, this
     is not what really happens. In reality, the path is drawn twice. First, with the normal drawing color,
     secondly with the <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">core color</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt;</span>, which is normally <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">white</span></span></span>. Upon the second drawing, the line width is
     reduced. The net effect is that it appears as if two lines had been drawn and this works well even with
     complicated, curved paths:
     <!--l. 600--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-196-" ><colgroup id="TBL-196-1g"><col 
id="TBL-196-1"><col 
id="TBL-196-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-196-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-196-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-195.svg" width="37.74825pt" height="29.85274pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-196-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[double]</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;plot[smooth</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;cycle]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;coordinates{(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,1)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,1)};</span></div>                                                    </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     <!--l. 605--><p class="noindent">You can also use the doubling option to create an effect in which a line seems to have a certain
     &#8220;border&#8221;:
     <!--l. 608--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-197-" ><colgroup id="TBL-197-1g"><col 
id="TBL-197-1"><col 
id="TBL-197-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-197-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-197-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-196.svg" width="31.45274pt" height="31.45274pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> &nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-197-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,1);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[draw=white,double=red,very</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;thick]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,1)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,0);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div>                                                                                             </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     </li>
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">double distance</span><a 
 id="dx11-127003"></a><a 
 id="dx11-127004"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>Sets the distance the &#8220;two&#8221; lines are spaced apart (default is 0.6pt). In reality,
     this is the thickness of the line that is used to draw the path for the second time. The thickness of the <span 
class="cmti-10">first</span>
     time the path is drawn is twice the normal line width plus the given <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt;</span>. As a side-effect, this option
     &#8220;selects&#8221; the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">double</span></span></span> option.
     <!--l. 623--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-198-" ><colgroup id="TBL-198-1g"><col 
id="TBL-198-1"><col 
id="TBL-198-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-198-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-198-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-197.svg" width="88.25822pt" height="32.85274pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-198-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[very</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;thick,double]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;arc</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(180:90:1cm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[very</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;thick,double</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;distance=2pt]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;arc</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(180:90:1cm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[thin,double</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;distance=2pt]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(2,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;arc</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(180:90:1cm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div>                                                                                             </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     </li></ul>
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
<!--l. 638--><p class="noindent">
   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.3   </span> <a 
 id="x11-12800010.3"></a>Filling a Path</h4>
<!--l. 640--><p class="noindent">To fill a path, use the following option:
     <ul class="itemize1">
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">fill</span><a 
 id="dx11-128001"></a><a 
 id="dx11-128002"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">color</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt;</span> This option causes the path to be filled. All unclosed parts of the path are first closed,
     if necessary. Then, the area enclosed by the path is filled with the current filling color, which is either
     the last color set using the general <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">color=</span></span></span> option or the optional color <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">color</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt;</span>. For self-intersection
     paths and for paths consisting of several closed areas, the &#8220;enclosed area&#8221; is somewhat complicated to
     define and two different definitions exist, namely the nonzero winding number rule and the even odd
     rule, see the explanation of these options, below.
     <!--l. 653--><p class="noindent">Just as for the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">draw</span></span></span> option, setting <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">color</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>to <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">none</span></span></span> disables filling locally.
     <!--l. 656--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><object data="pgfmanual-198.svg" width="298.7538pt" height="42.67911pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-199-" ><colgroup id="TBL-199-1g"><col 
id="TBL-199-1"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-199-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-199-1-1"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\fill</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,1)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(2,1);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\fill</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(4,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(.5cm)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(4.5,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(.5cm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\fill[even</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;odd</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rule]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(6,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(.5cm)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(6.5,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(.5cm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\fill</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(8,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(9,1)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(10,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(.5cm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div>                                                                                             </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table>
     </div>
     <!--l. 665--><p class="noindent">If the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">fill</span></span></span> option is used together with the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">draw</span></span></span> option (either because both are given as options or because a
     <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\filldraw</span></span></span> command is used), the path is filled <span 
class="cmti-10">first</span>, then the path is drawn <span 
class="cmti-10">second</span>. This is especially useful if
     different colors are selected for drawing and for filling. Even if the same color is used, there is a difference
     between this command and a plain <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">fill</span></span></span>: A &#8220;filldrawn&#8221; area will be slightly larger than a filled area because of
     the thickness of the &#8220;pen.&#8221;
     <!--l. 674--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><object data="pgfmanual-199.svg" width="303.7538pt" height="47.67911pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-200-" ><colgroup id="TBL-200-1g"><col 
id="TBL-200-1"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-200-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-200-1-1"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}[fill=examplefill,line</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;width=5pt]</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\filldraw</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,1)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(2,1);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\filldraw</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(4,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(.5cm)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(4.5,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(.5cm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\filldraw[even</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;odd</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rule]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(6,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(.5cm)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(6.5,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(.5cm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\filldraw</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(8,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(9,1)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(10,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(.5cm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div>                                                                                             </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table>
     </div>
     </li></ul>
<!--l. 685--><p class="noindent">
   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.3.1   </span> <a 
 id="x11-12900010.3.1"></a>Graphic Parameters: Interior Rules</h5>
<!--l. 687--><p class="noindent">The following two options can be used to decide how interior points should be determined:
     <ul class="itemize1">
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">nonzero rule</span><a 
 id="dx11-129001"></a><a 
 id="dx11-129002"></a> If this rule is used (which is the default), the following method is used to determine
     whether a given point is &#8220;inside&#8221; the path: From the point, shoot a ray in some direction towards
     infinity (the direction is chosen such that no strange borderline cases occur). Then the ray may hit
     the path. Whenever it hits the path, we increase or decrease a counter, which is initially zero. If the
     ray hits the path as the path goes &#8220;from left to right&#8221; (relative to the ray), the counter is increased,
     otherwise it is decreased. Then, at the end, we check whether the counter is nonzero (hence the name).
     If so, the point is deemed to lie &#8220;inside,&#8221; otherwise it is &#8220;outside.&#8221; Sounds complicated? It is.
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
     <!--l. 703--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-201-" ><colgroup id="TBL-201-1g"><col 
id="TBL-201-1"><col 
id="TBL-201-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-201-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-201-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-200.svg" width="104.08243pt" height="143.72633pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-201-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\filldraw[fill=examplefill]</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">%</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">&nbsp;Clockwise</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">&nbsp;rectangle</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,1)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,1)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;cycle</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">%</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">&nbsp;Counter-clockwise</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">&nbsp;rectangle</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0.25,0.25)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0.75,0.25)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0.75,0.75)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0.25,0.75)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;cycle;</span>
<br>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[-&gt;]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,1)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(.4,1);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[-&gt;]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0.75,0.75)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0.3,.75);</span>
<br>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[-&gt;]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0.5,0.5)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;+(0,1)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;node[above]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;{crossings:</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;$-1+1</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;=</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;0$};</span>
<br>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\begin{scope}[yshift=-3cm]</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\filldraw[fill=examplefill]</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">%</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">&nbsp;Clockwise</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">&nbsp;rectangle</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,1)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,1)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;cycle</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">%</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">&nbsp;Clockwise</span><span 
class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">&nbsp;rectangle</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0.25,0.25)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0.25,0.75)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0.75,0.75)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0.75,0.25)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;cycle;</span>
<br>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[-&gt;]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,1)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(.4,1);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[-&gt;]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0.25,0.75)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0.4,.75);</span>
<br>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[-&gt;]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0.5,0.5)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;+(0,1)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;node[above]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;{crossings:</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;$1+1</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;=</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;2$};</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\end{scope}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div>                                                                                             </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     </li>
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">even odd rule</span><a 
 id="dx11-129003"></a><a 
 id="dx11-129004"></a> This option causes a different method to be used for determining the inside and outside of
     paths. While it is less flexible, it turns out to be more intuitive.
     <!--l. 736--><p class="noindent">With this method, we also shoot rays from the point for which we wish to determine whether it is inside or
     outside the filling area. However, this time we only count how often we &#8220;hit&#8221; the path and declare the point to
     be &#8220;inside&#8221; if the number of hits is odd.
     <!--l. 741--><p class="noindent">Using the even-odd rule, it is easy to &#8220;drill holes&#8221; into a path.
     <!--l. 743--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-202-" ><colgroup id="TBL-202-1g"><col 
id="TBL-202-1"><col 
id="TBL-202-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-202-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-202-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-201.svg" width="91.86029pt" height="58.36807pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> &nbsp; </td> <td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-202-1-2"  
class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\filldraw[fill=examplefill,even</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;odd</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rule]</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,1)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0.5,0.5)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0.4cm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[-&gt;]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0.5,0.5)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;+(0,1)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;[above]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;node{crossings:</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;$1+1</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;=</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;2$};</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div>                                                                                             </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     </li></ul>
<!--l. 754--><p class="noindent">
   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.3.2   </span> <a 
 id="x11-13000010.3.2"></a>Graphic Parameters: Fill Opacity</h5>
<!--l. 757--><p class="noindent">Analogously to the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">draw</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;opacity</span></span></span>, you can also set the filling opacity:
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
     <ul class="itemize1">
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">fill opacity</span><a 
 id="dx11-130001"></a><a 
 id="dx11-130002"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">value</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>This option sets the opacity of fillings. In addition to filling operations, this
     opacity also applies to text and images.
     <!--l. 765--><p class="noindent">Note, again, that when you use PostScript as your output format, this option works only with recent
     versions of GhostScript.
     <!--l. 768--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular">
<table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-203-" ><colgroup id="TBL-203-1g"><col 
id="TBL-203-1"><col 
id="TBL-203-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-203-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-203-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-202.svg" width="111.76569pt" height="118.36829pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-203-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}[thick,fill</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;opacity=0.5]</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\filldraw[fill=red]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0:1cm)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(12mm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\filldraw[fill=green]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(120:1cm)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(12mm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\filldraw[fill=blue]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(-120:1cm)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(12mm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div>                                                                                             </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     <!--l. 776--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-204-" ><colgroup id="TBL-204-1g"><col 
id="TBL-204-1"><col 
id="TBL-204-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-204-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-204-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-203.svg" width="105.99927pt" height="77.74084pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>
&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-204-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\fill[red]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(3,2);</span>
<br>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\node</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;at</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;{\huge</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;A};</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\node[fill</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;opacity=0.5]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;at</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(3,2)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;{\huge</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;B};</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div>                                                                                             </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     </li></ul>
<!--l. 787--><p class="noindent">
   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.4   </span> <a 
 id="x11-13100010.4"></a>Shading a Path</h4>
<!--l. 789--><p class="noindent">You can shade a path using the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">shade</span></span></span> option. A shading is like a filling, only the shading changes its color smoothly
from one color to another.
     <ul class="itemize1">
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">shade</span><a 
 id="dx11-131001"></a><a 
 id="dx11-131002"></a> Causes the path to be shaded using the currently selected shading (more on this later). If this
     option is used together with the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">draw</span></span></span> option, then the path is first shaded, then drawn.
     <!--l. 799--><p class="noindent">It is not an error to use this option together with the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">fill</span></span></span> option, but it makes no sense.
     <!--l. 802--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-205-" ><colgroup id="TBL-205-1g"><col 
id="TBL-205-1"><col 
id="TBL-205-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-205-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-205-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-204.svg" width="8.61108pt" height="8.61108pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> &nbsp; </td> <td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-205-1-2"  
class="td11"><table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\shade</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1ex);</span></div>                                                                              </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table>
     </div>
     <!--l. 806--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-206-" ><colgroup id="TBL-206-1g"><col 
id="TBL-206-1"><col 
id="TBL-206-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-206-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-206-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-205.svg" width="9.01108pt" height="9.01108pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> &nbsp; </td> <td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-206-1-2"  
class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\shadedraw</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1ex);</span></div>                                                                          </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table>
     </div>
     </li></ul>
<!--l. 811--><p class="indent">   For some shadings it is not really clear how they can &#8220;fill&#8221; the path. For example, the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">ball</span></span></span> shading normally
looks like this: <object data="pgfmanual-206.svg" width="6.45831pt" height="6.45831pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>. How is this supposed to shade a rectangle? Or a triangle?
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
<!--l. 816--><p class="indent">   To solve this problem, the predefined shadings like <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">ball</span></span></span> or <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">axis</span></span></span> fill a large rectangle completely in a sensible
way. Then, when the shading is used to &#8220;shade&#8221; a path, what actually happens is that the path is temporarily used
for clipping and then the rectangular shading is drawn, scaled and shifted such that all parts of the path are
filled.
<!--l. 824--><p class="noindent">
   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.4.1   </span> <a 
 id="x11-13200010.4.1"></a>Choosing a Shading Type</h5>
<!--l. 826--><p class="noindent">The default shading is a smooth transition from gray to white and from above to bottom. However, other shadings
are also possible, for example a shading that will sweep a color from the center to the corners outward. To choose
the shading, you can use the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">shading=</span></span></span> option, which will also automatically invoke the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">shade</span></span></span> option. Note that this
does <span 
class="cmti-10">not </span>change the shading color, only the way the colors sweep. For changing the colors, other options are needed,
which are explained below.
     <ul class="itemize1">
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">shading</span><a 
 id="dx11-132001"></a><a 
 id="dx11-132002"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">name</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>This selects a shading named <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">name</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt;</span>. The following shadings are predefined:
         <ul class="itemize2">
         <li class="itemize"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">axis</span></span></span> This is the default shading in which the color changes gradually between three horizontal
         lines. The top line is at the top (uppermost) point of the path, the middle is in the middle, the
         bottom line is at the bottom of the path.
         <!--l. 846--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-207-" ><colgroup id="TBL-207-1g"><col 
id="TBL-207-1"><col 
id="TBL-207-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-207-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-207-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-207.svg" width="28.85274pt" height="28.85274pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> &nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-207-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\shadedraw</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;[shading=axis]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,1);</span></div>                                                        </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
         <!--l. 850--><p class="noindent">The default top color is gray, the default bottom color is white, the default middle is the &#8220;middle&#8221; of
         these two.
         </li>
         <li class="itemize"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">radial</span></span></span> This shading fills the path with a gradual sweep from a certain color in the middle to another
         color at the border. If the path is a circle, the outer color will be reached exactly at the border. If the
         shading is not a circle, the outer color will continue a bit towards the corners. The default inner color is
         gray, the default outer color is white.
         <!--l. 860--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-208-" ><colgroup id="TBL-208-1g"><col 
id="TBL-208-1"><col 
id="TBL-208-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-208-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-208-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-208.svg" width="28.85274pt" height="28.85274pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> &nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-208-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\shadedraw</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;[shading=radial]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,1);</span></div>                                                      </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
         </li>
         <li class="itemize"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">ball</span></span></span> This shading fills the path with a shading that &#8220;looks like a ball.&#8221; The default &#8220;color&#8221; of the ball is
         blue (for no particular reason).
         <!--l. 868--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-209-" ><colgroup id="TBL-209-1g"><col 
id="TBL-209-1"><col 
id="TBL-209-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-209-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-209-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-209.svg" width="28.85274pt" height="28.85274pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> &nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-209-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\shadedraw</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;[shading=ball]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,1);</span></div>                                                        </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
         <!--l. 872--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-210-" ><colgroup id="TBL-210-1g"><col 
id="TBL-210-1"><col 
id="TBL-210-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-210-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-210-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-210.svg" width="28.85272pt" height="28.85272pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-210-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\shadedraw</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;[shading=ball]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(.5cm);</span></div>                                                          </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
         </li></ul>
     </li>
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">shading angle</span><a 
 id="dx11-132003"></a><a 
 id="dx11-132004"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">degrees</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>This option rotates the shading (not the path!) by the given angle. For
     example, we can turn a top-to-bottom axis shading into a left-to-right shading by rotating it by
     90<sup ><span 
class="cmsy-7"><span class="htf-cmbx">o</span></span></sup>.
     <!--l. 881--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-211-" ><colgroup id="TBL-211-1g"><col 
id="TBL-211-1"><col 
id="TBL-211-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-211-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-211-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-211.svg" width="28.85274pt" height="28.85274pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> &nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-211-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\shadedraw</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;[shading=axis,shading</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;angle=90]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,1);</span></div>                                       </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
     </li></ul>
<!--l. 887--><p class="indent">   You can also define new shading types yourself. However, for this, you need to use the basic layer directly, which
is, well, more basic and harder to use. Details on how to create a shading appropriate for filling paths are given in
Section&nbsp;<a 
href="pgfmanualse28.html#x29-28900028.3">28.3<!--tex4ht:ref: section-shading-a-path --></a>.
<!--l. 894--><p class="noindent">
   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.4.2   </span> <a 
 id="x11-13300010.4.2"></a>Choosing a Shading Color</h5>
<!--l. 896--><p class="noindent">The following options can be used to change the colors used for shadings. When one of these options is given, the
<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">shade</span></span></span> option is automatically selected and also the &#8220;right&#8221; shading.
     <ul class="itemize1">
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">top color</span><a 
 id="dx11-133001"></a><a 
 id="dx11-133002"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">color</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>This option prescribes the color to be used at the top in an <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">axis</span></span></span> shading. When this
     option is given, several things happen:
         <ol type="1" class="enumerate1" >
         <li class="enumerate" value="1" 
><a 
 id="x11-133004x1"></a>The <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">shade</span></span></span> option is selected.
         </li>
         <li class="enumerate" value="2" 
><a 
 id="x11-133006x2"></a>The <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">shading=axis</span></span></span> option is selected.
         </li>
         <li class="enumerate" value="3" 
><a 
 id="x11-133008x3"></a>The middle color of the axis shading is set to the average of the given top color <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">color</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>and of
         whatever color is currently selected for the bottom.
         </li>
         <li class="enumerate" value="4" 
><a 
 id="x11-133010x4"></a>The rotation angle of the shading is set to 0.</li></ol>
     <!--l. 917--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-212-" ><colgroup id="TBL-212-1g"><col 
id="TBL-212-1"><col 
id="TBL-212-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-212-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-212-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-212.svg" width="57.30548pt" height="28.85274pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-212-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[top</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;color=red]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(2,1);</span></div>                                                             </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     </li>
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">bottom color</span><a 
 id="dx11-133011"></a><a 
 id="dx11-133012"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">color</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>This option works like <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">top</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;color</span></span></span>, only for the bottom color.
     </li>
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">middle color</span><a 
 id="dx11-133013"></a><a 
 id="dx11-133014"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">color</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>This option specifies the color for the middle of an axis shading. It also sets the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">shade</span></span></span>
     and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">shading=axis</span></span></span> options, but it does not change the rotation angle.
     <!--l. 929--><p class="noindent"><span 
class="cmti-10">Note: </span>Since both <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">top</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;color</span></span></span> and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">bottom</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;color</span></span></span> change the middle color, this option should be given <span 
class="cmti-10">last </span>if all
     of these options need to be given:
     <!--l. 933--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-213-" ><colgroup id="TBL-213-1g"><col 
id="TBL-213-1"><col 
id="TBL-213-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-213-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-213-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-213.svg" width="57.30548pt" height="28.85274pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-213-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[top</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;color=white,bottom</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;color=black,middle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;color=red]</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(2,1);</span></div>                                                                                      </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     </li>
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">left color</span><a 
 id="dx11-133015"></a><a 
 id="dx11-133016"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">color</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>This option does exactly the same as <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">top</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;color</span></span></span>, except that the shading angle is set to
     90<sup ><span 
class="cmsy-7"><span class="htf-cmbx">o</span></span></sup>.
     </li>
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">right color</span><a 
 id="dx11-133017"></a><a 
 id="dx11-133018"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">color</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>Works like <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">left</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;color</span></span></span>.
     </li>
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">inner color</span><a 
 id="dx11-133019"></a><a 
 id="dx11-133020"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">color</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>This option sets the color used at the center of a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">radial</span></span></span> shading. When this option is
     used, the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">shade</span></span></span> and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">shading=radial</span></span></span> options are set.
     <!--l. 950--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-214-" ><colgroup id="TBL-214-1g"><col 
id="TBL-214-1"><col 
id="TBL-214-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-214-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-214-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-214.svg" width="57.30548pt" height="28.85274pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-214-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[inner</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;color=red]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(2,1);</span></div>                                                           </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
     </li>
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">outer color</span><a 
 id="dx11-133021"></a><a 
 id="dx11-133022"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">color</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>This option sets the color used at the border and outside of a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">radial</span></span></span>
     shading.
     <!--l. 958--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-215-" ><colgroup id="TBL-215-1g"><col 
id="TBL-215-1"><col 
id="TBL-215-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-215-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-215-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-215.svg" width="57.30548pt" height="28.85274pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-215-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[outer</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;color=red,inner</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;color=white]</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(2,1);</span></div>                                                                                      </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     </li>
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">ball color</span><a 
 id="dx11-133023"></a><a 
 id="dx11-133024"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">color</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt; </span>This option sets the color used for the ball shading. It sets the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">shade</span></span></span> and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">shading=ball</span></span></span>
     options. Note that the ball will never &#8220;completely&#8221; have the color <span 
class="cmsy-10">&lt;</span><span 
class="cmti-10">color</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">&gt;</span>. At its &#8220;highlight&#8221; spot a certain
     amount of white is mixed in, at the border a certain amount of black. Because of this, it also makes sense to
     say <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">ball</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;color=white</span></span></span> or <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">ball</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;color=black</span></span></span>
     <!--l. 971--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-216-" ><colgroup id="TBL-216-1g"><col 
id="TBL-216-1"><col 
id="TBL-216-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-216-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-216-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-216.svg" width="74.12766pt" height="17.22217pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-216-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\shade[ball</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;color=white]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(2ex);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\shade[ball</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;color=red]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(2ex);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\shade[ball</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;color=black]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(2,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(2ex);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div>                                                                                             </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     </li></ul>
<!--l. 983--><p class="noindent">
   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.5   </span> <a 
 id="x11-13400010.5"></a>Establishing a Bounding Box</h4>
<!--l. 985--><p class="noindent"><span 
class="cmcsc-10"><small 
class="small-caps">P</small><small 
class="small-caps">G</small><small 
class="small-caps">F</small></span>&nbsp;is reasonably good at keeping track of the size of your picture and reserving just the right amount of
space for it in the main document. However, in some cases you may want to say things like &#8220;do not
count this for the picture size&#8221; or &#8220;the picture is actually a little large.&#8221; For this you can use the
option <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">use</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;as</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;bounding</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;box</span></span></span> or the command <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\useasboundingbox</span></span></span>, which is just a shorthand for
<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\path[use</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;as</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;bounding</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;box]</span></span></span>.
     <ul class="itemize1">
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">use as bounding box</span><a 
 id="dx11-134001"></a><a 
 id="dx11-134002"></a> Normally, when this option is given on a path, the bounding box of the present
     path is used to determine the size of the picture and the size of all <span 
class="cmti-10">subsequent  </span>paths are ignored.
     However, if there were previous path operations that have already established a larger bounding box,
     it will not be made smaller by this operation.
     <!--l. 1002--><p class="noindent">In a sense, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">use</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;as</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;bounding</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;box</span></span></span> has the same effect as clipping all subsequent drawing against the
     current path--without actually doing the clipping, only making <span 
class="cmcsc-10"><small 
class="small-caps">P</small><small 
class="small-caps">G</small><small 
class="small-caps">F</small></span>&nbsp;treat everything as if it were
     clipped.
     <!--l. 1007--><p class="noindent">The first application of this option is to have a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{tikzpicture}</span></span></span> overlap with the main text:
     <!--l. 1010--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div>Left of picture<object data="pgfmanual-217.svg" width="28.85274pt" height="28.85274pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>right of picture.<!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-217-" ><colgroup id="TBL-217-1g"><col 
id="TBL-217-1"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-217-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-217-1-1"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">Left</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;of</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;picture\begin{tikzpicture}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[use</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;as</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;bounding</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;box]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(2,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(3,1);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(4,.75);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}right</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;of</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;picture.</span></div>                                                                            </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     <!--l. 1017--><p class="noindent">In a second application this option can be used to get better control over the white space around the
     picture:
     <!--l. 1020--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div>Left of picture<object data="pgfmanual-218.svg" width="85.35823pt" height="28.45274pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>right of picture.<!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-218-" ><colgroup id="TBL-218-1g"><col 
id="TBL-218-1"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-218-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-218-1-1"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">Left</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;of</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;picture</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\useasboundingbox</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(3,1);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\fill</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(.75,.25)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(.5cm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">right</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;of</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;picture.</span></div>                                                                                             </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table>
     </div>
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
     <!--l. 1029--><p class="noindent">Note: If this option is used on a path inside a <span class="TEX">T<span 
class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;group (scope), the effect &#8220;lasts&#8221; only till the end of the
     scope. Again, this behavior is the same as for clipping.</li></ul>
<!--l. 1034--><p class="indent">   There is a node that allows you to get the size of the current bounding box. The <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">current</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;bounding</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&nbsp;box</span></span></span> node
has the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">rectangle</span></span></span> shape <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">rectangle</span></span></span> shape and its size is always the size of the current bounding
box.
<!--l. 1040--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-219-" ><colgroup id="TBL-219-1g"><col 
id="TBL-219-1"><col 
id="TBL-219-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-219-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-219-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-219.svg" width="92.75821pt" height="65.30547pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-219-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[red]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(2pt);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[red]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(2,1)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(3pt);</span>
<br>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(current</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;bounding</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;box.south</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;west)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(current</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;bounding</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;box.north</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;east);</span>
<br>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[red]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(3,-1)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(4pt);</span>
<br>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[thick]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(current</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;bounding</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;box.south</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;west)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(current</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;bounding</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;box.north</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;east);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div>                                                                                             </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
<!--l. 1059--><p class="noindent">
   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.6   </span> <a 
 id="x11-13500010.6"></a>Using a Path For Clipping</h4>
<!--l. 1061--><p class="noindent">To use a path for clipping, use the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">clip</span></span></span> option.
     <ul class="itemize1">
     <li class="itemize"><span 
class="cmtt-10">clip</span><a 
 id="dx11-135001"></a><a 
 id="dx11-135002"></a> This option causes all subsequent drawings to be clipped against the current path and the size of
     subsequent paths will not be important for the picture size. If you clip against a self-intersecting path,
     the even-odd rule or the nonzero winding number rule is used to determine whether a point is inside
     or outside the clipping region.
     <!--l. 1071--><p class="noindent">The clipping path is a graphic state parameter, so it will be reset at the end of the current scope.
     Multiple clippings accumulate, that is, clipping is always done against the intersection of all clipping
     areas that have been specified inside the current scopes. The only way of enlarging the clipping area
     is to end a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{scope}</span></span></span>.
     <!--l. 1077--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-220-" ><colgroup id="TBL-220-1g"><col 
id="TBL-220-1"><col 
id="TBL-220-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-220-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-220-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-220.svg" width="57.30548pt" height="57.30548pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-220-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw[clip]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1cm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\fill[red]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1cm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div>                                                                                             </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     <!--l. 1084--><p class="noindent">It is usually a <span 
class="cmti-10">very </span>good idea to apply the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">clip</span></span></span> option only to the first path command in a
     scope.
     <!--l. 1087--><p class="noindent">If you &#8220;only wish to clip&#8221; and do not wish to draw anything, you can use the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\clip</span></span></span> command, which is a
     shorthand for <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\path[clip]</span></span></span>.
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
     <!--l. 1090--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-221-" ><colgroup id="TBL-221-1g"><col 
id="TBL-221-1"><col 
id="TBL-221-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-221-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-221-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-221.svg" width="56.90549pt" height="56.90549pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>&nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-221-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\clip</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1cm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\fill[red]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;circle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(1cm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div>                                                                                             </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     <!--l. 1097--><p class="noindent">To keep clipping local, use <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{scope}</span></span></span> environments as in the following example:
     <!--l. 1100--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
frame="void" id="TBL-222-" ><colgroup id="TBL-222-1g"><col 
id="TBL-222-1"><col 
id="TBL-222-2"></colgroup><tr  
 valign="baseline" id="TBL-222-1-"><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-222-1-1"  
class="td11">  &nbsp;<object data="pgfmanual-222.svg" width="28.85274pt" height="28.85274pt" type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> &nbsp;  </td><td  align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-222-1-2"  
class="td11">  <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v">
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;0:1cm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(10:1cm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(20:1cm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(30:1cm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\begin{scope}[fill=red]</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\fill[clip]</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0.2,0.2)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;rectangle</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0.5,0.5);</span>
<br>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(40:1cm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(50:1cm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(60:1cm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\end{scope}</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(70:1cm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(80:1cm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;\draw</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(0,0)</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;--</span><span 
class="cmtt-8">&nbsp;(90:1cm);</span>
<br><span 
class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div>                                                                                             </td></tr></table> </td>
</tr></table></div>
     <!--l. 1119--><p class="noindent">There is a slightly annoying catch: You cannot specify certain graphic options for the command used for
     clipping. For example, in the above code we could not have moved the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">fill=red</span></span></span> to the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\fill</span></span></span> command. The
     reasons for this have to do with the internals of the <span 
class="cmcsc-10"><small 
class="small-caps">P</small><small 
class="small-caps">D</small><small 
class="small-caps">F</small></span>&nbsp;specification. You do not want to know the details. It
     is best simply not to specify any options for these commands.</li></ul>
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
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