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<p>
Node:&nbsp;<a name="Variants">Variants</a>,
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<h3 class="section">Variants</h3>

<p><dfn>Variants</dfn> include typeface variations (e.g., italic, sans serif),
and font encodings (e.g., Adobe standard, TeX text).

   <p>A fontname may require multiple variants.  To resolve the worst
ambiguities, we specify that any encoding variant (<code>7</code>, <code>8</code>,
or <code>9</code>, see below) come last and any other numeral variant come
first (to avoid confusion with a design size).  We recommend but do not
require that the other variants be given in alphabetical order.  (It's
not required because it's too painful to implement the sorting in
TeX, and many existing names already have non-alphabetized variants.)

   <p>The letterspacing possibilities introduced by <code>fontinst</code> and
virtual fonts have not yet become sufficiently widespread to make
standardization beneficial.  Likewise for the many possible ways to
generate small caps fonts.

   <p>Notes on specific variants, both old and new:

     <dl>
<dt><code>1</code>
     <dd><dt><code>4</code>
     <dd><dt><code>6</code>
     <dd><dt><code>b</code>
     <dd>These variants (`semisans', `bright', `semiserif', and `fax') were used
only for single typefaces, so to conserve variant abbreviations, they
now have typeface abbreviations instead.  Also, for <code>b</code>, to avoid
too-long names; and for the others, to avoid variant vs. design-size
ambiguities.

     <br><dt><code>g</code>
     <dd><dt><code>h</code>
     <dd>Since these variants were not actually used in any font names, they are
now obsolete and may be reassigned in the future.

     <br><dt><code>5</code>
     <dd><dt><code>6</code>
     <dd><dt><code>7</code>
     <dd><dt><code>8</code>
     <dd><dt><code>9</code>
     <dd>These characters begin a two-character <dfn>encoding variant</dfn>. 
Generally, <code>7</code> is for 7-bit encodings, <code>8</code> is for 8-bit
encodings, and <code>9</code> is for expertised encodings with or without
oldstyle digits (see the <code>x</code> item below), but this is not an
absolute rule. Also, <code>5</code> is presently used for phonetic encodings
and <code>6</code> for Cyrillic encodings.  The <code>9s</code> (<code>SuperFont</code>)
variant contain all of Adobe, Latin 1, and Expert glyphs, perhaps with
slightly different metrics than the original fonts.

     <p>For a font to be named with a certain encoding variant, it's not
necessary that all the characters appear in precisely the same positions
as in the encoding definition.  It's enough that the usual TeX macros
work. In practice, this means that it's ok for a font to be labelled
<code>7t</code> if the only difference from Computer Modern is that the
ligatures and the <code>lslash</code> and <code>Lslash</code> characters are
different, since it's impossible to access or change the ligature table
from TeX.  Standard PostScript fonts don't have an <code>lslash</code>
character the way Computer Modern does, but they do have the
<code>Lslash</code> and <code>lslash</code> characters themselves, so the usual
TeX <code>\lslash</code> and <code>\Lslash</code> macros can be made to work via
ligatures.  See the file <code>T1.etx</code> file in the <code>fontinst</code>
distribution for details.

     <p>If a name does not contain a specific encoding variant, its encoding is
unspecified.  For example, some of the fonts distributed with Dvips(k)
have names like <code>ptmr</code> for <code>Times-Roman</code>; they use the Dvips
encoding (see <a href="dvips.html#dvips">dvips</a>), which is close to (but not the same
as) the TeX text encoding (as in Computer Modern Roman).  Similarly,
the TFM files distributed with Dvilj(k) for the builtin LaserJet 4 fonts
have names like <code>cunm</code>, since these fonts, while compatible with
TeX text, contain many additional characters.

     <br><dt><code>9</code>
     <dd>These items are needed only because <code>x</code> (and possibly <code>j</code>)
followed by a two-character regular variant makes some names too long. 
That is, <code>9t</code> is equivalent in meaning to <code>x7t</code>, and <code>9d</code>
is equivalent to <code>jx7t</code>.  (This may not be true for all
<code>9</code><var>x</var><code></code> encodings, though.)

     <br><dt><code>k</code>
     <dd><dt><code>z</code>
     <dd>These variants (indicating Greek and Cyrillic fonts, respectively) are
obsolete; future fonts in different scripts should be assigned an
appropriate encoding abbreviation.  These are not currently
standardized, due to ignorance of the appropriate encodings.  Please
send suggestions for abbreviations to the address in <a href="Introduction.html#Introduction">Introduction</a>.

     <br><dt><code>m</code>
     <dd><dt><code>v</code>
     <dd><dt><code>y</code>
     <dd>These math-related variants remain for the sake of typeface-specific
math encodings, e.g., Lucida.  Fonts that use the Computer Modern math
encodings should use <code>7m</code> (see <a href="texmital.html#texmital">texmital</a>), <code>7v</code>
(see <a href="texmext.html#texmext">texmext</a>), and <code>7y</code> (see <a href="texmsym.html#texmsym">texmsym</a>).

     <br><dt><code>n</code>
     <dd>This is used for several different (but very rare) variants: only the
Stone typeface has an "informal" variant, and only a few Monotype
fonts have a "schoolbook" variant, with different `a', `g', and `y'
shapes.

     <br><dt><code>r</code>
     <dd>Included only if no other variants, including encodings, apply, and
either the width (see <a href="Widths.html#Widths">Widths</a>) is not <code>r</code> or a design size is
present.  I.e., <code>r</code> is only used as a placeholder.  When the normal
version of the typeface is sans serif (e.g., Helvetica), <code>r</code> should
be used when necessary, not <code>s</code>.  Use <code>s</code> only when the
typeface family has both serif and sans serif variants.

     <br><dt><code>s</code>
     <dd><dt><code>t</code>
     <dd>Mittelbach in <cite>TUGboat</cite> 13(1) suggests that these variants (for
`sans' and `typewriter') should be identified as part of the typeface
name, because there are few typeface families with these variants.  I
feel that since they are logically variants, it's best to name them that
way.  But <code>LucidaSans</code> (see <a href="Typefaces.html#Typefaces">Typefaces</a>) and a few others are
exceptions, to avoid too-long names.

     <br><dt><code>x</code>
     <dd><dt><code>8x</code>
     <dd><dt><code>9?</code>
     <dd><code>8x</code> indicates a font in the <code>Expert</code> encoding itself. 
<code>x</code> indicates an <dfn>expertised</dfn> font, i.e., a composite (virtual)
font that includes characters from an <code>8x</code> font.  And in fact an
<code>x</code><var>ee</var><code></code> sequence is replaced by <code>9</code><var>e</var><code></code>, to save
characters. 
</dl>

   <p>Fontname 1 assignments are shown in brackets in the following table,
from the file <code>variant.map</code>.  It is organized alphabetically by
abbreviation.  Each line consists of an abbreviation and either any
parts of a PostScript <code>FontName</code> which use that abbreviation or the
PostScript <code>Encoding</code> name.

<pre class="example">

     0 inferior
     1 superior
     obsolete [2=&gt;7c] Fraktur encoding
     obsolete [3=&gt;7f] Fraction
     obsolete [4 fax; now typeface <code>lx</code>, Lucida Fax]
     5 escape for (presently) phonetic encodings
     6 escape for Cyrillic encodings [was <code>SemiSerif</code>]
     7 escape for (mostly) 7-bit encodings
     8 escape for (mostly) 8-bit encodings
     9 escape for (presently) expert encodings [was oldstyle digits]
     a Alt Arrows Alternative             [was alternate encoding]
     obsolete [b bright; now typeface lh, Lucida Bright]
     c SmallCaps
     d Display Titling Caption Headline TallCaps SwashCaps LombardicCaps Festive
     e Engraved Copperplate Elite
     f Fraktur Gothic OldEnglish Handtooled (`gothic' can also be sans)
     g SmallText      designed for small sizes [was grooved, as in the IBM logo]
     h Shadow
     i Italic Kursiv Ital                 text italic
     j                                    old-style digits [was invisible]
     k Greek                              obsolete
     l Outline OpenFace Blanks
     m math italic
     n Informal Fashion Schlbk            for Stone
     o Oblique Obl                        slanted
     p Ornaments
     obsolete [q=&gt;8t Cork (TeX extended) encoding]
     r                                    roman or sans; often omitted, see text
     s Gothic                             sans serif
     t Monospace                          fixed-width typewriter
     u                                    unslanted italic
     v MathExtension
     w Script Handwritten Swash Calligraphy Cursive Tango
     x built with Adobe expert encoding [was expert-encoded]
     y MathSymbol
     z Cyrillic                           font-dependent Cyrillic
     5a PhoneticAlternate
     5i PhoneticIPA
     5s sil-IPA
     5t TeX-IPA                           Fukui Rei, LaTeX T3
     5w TeXAfricanLatin                   wsuipa fonts, LaTeX OT3
     5z user
     6a T2A
     6b Cyrillic part of ISO 8859-5, seven bits
     6c T2C
     6d Cyrillic CP866 encoding
     6i ISO 8859-5
     6k Cyrillic KOI8-R encoding
     6m Cyrillic Macintosh encoding
     6s Storm extra encoding
     6t T2B
     6w Cyrillic CP1251 encoding
     6x X2
     6y LCY
     6z user
     7a A                                 alternate characters only
     7c Dfr                               Fraktur
     7d OsF OSF                           oldstyle digit encoding
     7f Fraction
     7k OT2Cyrillic
     7m TeXMathItalicEncoding             see <a href="texmital.html#texmital">texmital</a>
     7t                       TeX text encoding (as in Computer Modern Roman)
     7v TeXMathExtensionEncoding          see <a href="texmext.html#texmext">texmext</a>
     7y TeXMathSymbolEncoding             see <a href="texmsym.html#texmsym">texmsym</a>
     7z user
     82 GreekKeys
     83 Ibycus1
     84 Ibycus2
     8a StandardEncoding                  Adobe standard encoding, see <a href="8a.html#8a">8a</a>
     8c TeXTextCompanion                  LaTeX TS1
     8f TeXAfricanLatin                   LaTeX T4
     8i TS0                               Intersection of TS1/Adobe Standard
     8m Macintosh standard encoding
     8n LM1 Textures
     8r TeXBase1Encoding                  see <a href="8r.html#8r">8r</a>
     8t CorkEncoding                      see <a href="cork.html#cork">cork</a>
     8u XT2Encoding                       cmtt + Latin 2, see <code>xl2.enc</code>
     8v TeXVietnamese                     to be defined
     8w Windows 3.1 ANSI encoding
     8x Expert                            expert encoding
     8y LY1                               TeX 'n ANSI
     8z XL2Encoding                       cmr + Latin 2, see <code>xl2.enc</code>
     9c expert + Text companion
     9d expert + oldstyle digits + Cork
     9e expert + Cork
     9i TS0X                              Intersection of TS1/Standard/Expert
     9o expert + oldstyle digits + TeX text
     9s SF                                SuperFont
     9t expert + TeX text
     9z user
     -  songti                            for mnm
     </pre>

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