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.\" Automatically generated by Pandoc 2.5
.\"
.TH "CTWILL" "1" "January 11, 2019" "Web2c @VERSION@" "General Commands Manual"
.hy
.SH NAME
.PP
ctwill, ctwill-refsort, ctwill-twinx \[en] translate CWEB to TeX
.PD 0
.P
.PD
with mini\-indexes per spread or per section
.SH SYNOPSIS
.PP
\f[B]ctwill\f[R] [\f[I]options\f[R]] \f[I]webfile\f[R][.w]
[{\f[I]changefile\f[R][.ch]|\-} [\f[I]outfile\f[R][.tex]]]
.PD 0
.P
.PD
\f[B]ctwill-refsort\f[R] < \f[I]indexfile\f[R].ref > \f[I]indexfile\f[R].sref
.PD 0
.P
.PD
\f[B]ctwill-twinx\f[R] \f[I]outfile\f[R].tex [\f[I]outfile\f[R].tex \&...] >
index.tex
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
The \f[B]ctwill\f[R] program converts a CWEB source document into a TeX
file that may be formatted and printed in the usual way.
It takes appropriate care of typographic details like page layout and
the use of indentation, \f[I]italics\f[R], \f[B]boldface\f[R], etc., and
it supplies extensive cross\-index information that it gathers
automatically.
.PP
CWEB allows you to prepare a single document containing all the
information that is needed both to produce a compilable C program and to
produce a well\-formatted document describing the program in as much
detail as the writer may desire.
The user of CWEB ought to be familiar with TeX as well as C.
.PP
The command line should have one, two, or three names on it.
The first is taken as the CWEB input file (and \f[B].w\f[R] is added if
there is no extension).
If there is a second name, it is a change file (and \f[B].ch\f[R] is
added if there is no extension).
The change file overrides parts of the CWEB file, as described in the
documentation.
If there is a third name, it overrides the default name of the output
file, which is ordinarily the same as the name of the input file (but on
the current directory) with the extension \f[B].tex\f[R].
If you just want to change the output file name, but don\[cq]t have a
change file to apply, you can use `\f[B]\-\f[R]' as the second argument.
.PP
\f[B]ctwill\f[R] is exactly like \f[B]cweave\f[R] except that it
produces much better documentation, for which you must work harder.
You should run \f[B]ctwill\f[R] twice, once to prime the pump and once
to get decent answers.
Moreover, you must run the output twice through TeX.
.PP
After \f[B]tex foo\f[R] you will have output that looks like final pages
except that the entries of mini\-indexes won\[cq]t be alphabetized.
The first run produces a weird file called \f[B]foo.ref\f[R].
Say \f[B]ctwill-refsort < foo.ref > foo.sref\f[R] and then another \f[B]tex
foo\f[R] will produce alphabetized output.
.PP
The \f[B]ctwill-twinx\f[R] program compiles a master index for a set of related
programs that have been processed by \f[B]ctwill\f[R].
The individual programs should define their names with a line of the
form \f[B]\[rs]def\[rs]title{NAME}\f[R].
.PP
The mini\-indexes list identifiers that are used but not defined on each
two\-page spread.
At the end of each section, \f[B]ctwill\f[R] gives TeX a list of
identifiers used in that section and information about where they are
defined.
.PP
The current meaning of every identifier is initially
\f[B]\[rs]uninitialized\f[R].
Then \f[B]ctwill\f[R] reads the \f[B].aux\f[R] file for your job, if
any.
.PP
Before reading the \f[B].aux\f[R] file, \f[B]ctwill\f[R] actually looks
for a file called \f[B]system.bux\f[R], which will be read if present.
And after \f[B]foo.aux\f[R], a third possibility is \f[B]foo.bux\f[R].
The general convention is to put definitions of system procedures such
as \f[I]printf\f[R] into \f[B]system.bux\f[R], and to put definitions
found in specifically foo\-ish header files into \f[B]foo.bux\f[R].
Like the \f[B].aux\f[R] files, \f[B].bux\f[R] files should contain only
\f[B]\[at]$\f[R] specifications.
.PP
The meaning specified by \f[B]\[at]$\&...\[at]>\f[R] generally has four
components: an identifier (followed by space), a program name (enclosed
in braces), a section number (followed by space), and a TeX part.
.PP
A special \f[I]proofmode\f[R] is provided so that you can check
\f[B]ctwill\f[R]\[cq]s conclusions about cross\-references.
Run \f[B]ctwill\f[R] with the flag \f[B]+P\f[R], and TeX will produce a
specially formatted document (\f[I]without\f[R] mini\-indexes) in which
you can check that your specifications are correct.
.PP
More details how to use \f[B]ctwill\f[R] can be found in the first
sections of its source code, respectively the change file
\f[B]cweav\-twill.ch\f[R] applicable to the \f[B]cweave.w\f[R] source.
.SH OPTIONS
.PP
Options on the command line may be either turned off with `\f[B]\-\f[R]'
(if they are on by default) or turned on with `\f[B]+\f[R]' (if they are
off by default).
In fact, the options are processed from left to right, so a sequence
like \f[B]\[en]verbose \-h\f[R] will only show the \f[B]banner line\f[R]
(\f[B]+b\f[R]) and the \f[B]progress report\f[R] (\f[B]+p\f[R]), but
leave out the \f[B]happy message\f[R] (\f[B]\-h\f[R]).
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[B]+b\f[R]: print banner line on terminal
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[B]+h\f[R]: print success message on completion
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[B]+p\f[R]: print progress report messages
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[B]+q\f[R]/\f[B]\-q\f[R]: shortcut for \f[B]\-bhp\f[R]; also
\f[B]\[en]quiet\f[R] (default)
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[B]+v\f[R]/\f[B]\-v\f[R]: shortcut for \f[B]+bhp\f[R]; also
\f[B]\[en]verbose\f[R]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[B]\-e\f[R]: do not enclose C material in \f[B]\f[R]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[B]\-f\f[R]: do not force a newline after every C statement in output
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[B]\-i\f[R]: suppress indentation of parameter declarations
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[B]\-o\f[R]: suppress separation of declarations and statements
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[B]\-x\f[R]: omit indices, section names, table of contents
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[B]+P\f[R]: \f[B]\[rs]input ctproofmac.tex\f[R] instead of
\f[B]ctwimac.tex\f[R]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[B]+lX\f[R]/\f[B]\-lX\f[R]: use macros for language \f[I]X\f[R] as of
\f[I]X\f[R]{\f[B]ctwimac\f[R]|\f[B]ctproofmac\f[R]}\f[B].tex\f[R]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[B]+s\f[R]: print usage statistics
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[B]\[en]help\f[R]: display help message and exit
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[B]\[en]version\f[R]: output version information and exit
.SH ENVIRONMENT
.PP
The environment variable CWEBINPUTS is used to search for the input
files, or the system default if CWEBINPUTS is not set.
See tex(1) for the details of the searching.
.SH FILES
.PP
The location of the files mentioned below varies from system to system.
Use the \f[B]kpsewhich\f[R] utility to find their locations.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[B]ctwimac.tex\f[R]: The default TeX macros \f[B]\[rs]input\f[R] in
the first line of the output file.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[B]ctproofmac.tex\f[R]: If \f[B]ctwill\f[R] is invoked with the
\f[B]+P\f[R] option, it will change the first line of the output file to
\f[B]\[rs]input ctproofmac.tex\f[R].
.PP
In both cases you can request some prefix \f[I]X\f[R] with the
\f[B]+lX\f[R] option, e.g., \f[B]+ld\f[R] will \f[B]\[rs]input
dctwimac.tex\f[R] and \f[B]+Pld\f[R] will \f[B]\[rs]input
dctproofmac.tex\f[R].
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[I]webfile\f[R]\f[B].bux\f[R]: Reference definitions to resolve from
other modules.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[B]system.bux\f[R]: Reference definitions to resolve from C standard
library header files like \f[B]<stdio.h>\f[R].
.PP
Other \f[B]aux\f[R]iliary files with references are created
automatically by \f[B]ctwill\f[R] and the actual index files are created
by TeX.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[B]cwebman.tex\f[R]: The CWEB user manual.
.SH SEE ALSO
.IP \[bu] 2
The CWEB System of Structured Documentation: by Donald E.\ Knuth and
Silvio Levy (hardcopy version of \f[B]cwebman.tex\f[R] and the source
code listings of \f[B]common.w\f[R], \f[B]ctangle.w\f[R], and
\f[B]cweave.w\f[R]).
.IP \[bu] 2
Literate Programming: by D.\ E.\ Knuth.
.IP \[bu] 2
Weaving a Program: by Wayne Sewell.
.PP
cweb(1), tex(1), cc(1)
.PP
As of 2019, \f[B]ctwill\f[R] and its utilities \f[B]ctwill-refsort\f[R] and
\f[B]ctwill-twinx\f[R] have been fully integrated with the extended CWEBbin
system that serves as the basis for CWEB in TeX Live; see the project
page (https://github.com/ascherer/cwebbin).
.SH AUTHORS
Don Knuth wrote \f[B]ctwill\f[R] based on \f[B]cweave\f[R] by Silvio
Levy and Knuth.