summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/Build/source/libs/icu/icu-src/source/samples/ucnv/convsamp.cpp
blob: a692b77b4bd647ad2930f5d94d653f7aa8d9db84 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
/*************************************************************************
*
*   © 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others.
*   License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html#License
*
**************************************************************************
**************************************************************************
*
*   Copyright (C) 2000-2016, International Business Machines
*   Corporation and others.  All Rights Reserved.
*
***************************************************************************
*   file name:  convsamp.c
*   encoding:   ASCII (7-bit)
*
*   created on: 2000may30
*   created by: Steven R. Loomis
*
*   Sample code for the ICU conversion routines.
*
* Note: Nothing special is needed to build this sample. Link with
*       the icu UC and icu I18N libraries. 
* 
*       I use 'assert' for error checking, you probably will want
*       something more flexible.  '***BEGIN SAMPLE***' and 
*       '***END SAMPLE***' mark pieces suitable for stand alone
*       code snippets.
*
*
*  Each test can define it's own BUFFERSIZE 
*
*/

#define DEBUG_TMI 0  /* define to 1 to enable Too Much Information */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>            /* for isspace, etc.    */
#include <assert.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>  /* malloc */

#include "unicode/utypes.h"   /* Basic ICU data types */
#include "unicode/ucnv.h"     /* C   Converter API    */
#include "unicode/ustring.h"  /* some more string fcns*/
#include "unicode/uchar.h"    /* char names           */
#include "unicode/uloc.h"
#include "unicode/unistr.h"

#include "flagcb.h"

/* Some utility functions */
#ifndef UPRV_LENGTHOF
#define UPRV_LENGTHOF(array) (int32_t)(sizeof(array)/sizeof((array)[0]))
#endif

static const UChar kNone[] = { 0x0000 };

#define U_ASSERT(x)  { if(U_FAILURE(x)) {fflush(stdout);fflush(stderr); fprintf(stderr, #x " == %s\n", u_errorName(x)); assert(U_SUCCESS(x)); }}

/* Print a UChar if possible, in seven characters. */
void prettyPrintUChar(UChar c)
{
  if(  (c <= 0x007F) &&
       (isgraph(c))  ) {
    printf(" '%c'   ", (char)(0x00FF&c));
  } else if ( c > 0x007F ) {
    char buf[1000];
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    int32_t o;

    o = u_charName(c, U_EXTENDED_CHAR_NAME, buf, 1000, &status);
    if(U_SUCCESS(status) && (o>0) ) {
      buf[6] = 0;
      printf("%7s", buf);
    } else {
      printf(" ??????");
    }
  } else {
    switch((char)(c & 0x007F)) {
    case ' ':
      printf(" ' '   ");
      break;
    case '\t':
      printf(" \\t    ");
      break;
    case '\n':
      printf(" \\n    ");
      break;
    default:
      printf("  _    ");
      break;
    }
  }
}


void printUChars(const char  *name = "?", 
                 const UChar *uch  = kNone,
                 int32_t     len   = -1 )
{
  int32_t i;

  if( (len == -1) && (uch) ) {
    len = u_strlen(uch);
  }

  printf("%5s: ", name);
  for( i = 0; i <len; i++) {
    printf("%-6d ", i);
  }
  printf("\n");

  printf("%5s: ", "uni");
  for( i = 0; i <len; i++) {
    printf("\\u%04X ", (int)uch[i]);
  }
  printf("\n");

  printf("%5s:", "ch");
  for( i = 0; i <len; i++) {
    prettyPrintUChar(uch[i]);
  }
  printf("\n");
}

void printBytes(const char  *name = "?", 
                 const char *uch  = "",
                 int32_t     len   = -1 )
{
  int32_t i;

  if( (len == -1) && (uch) ) {
    len = static_cast<int32_t>(strlen(uch));
  }

  printf("%5s: ", name);
  for( i = 0; i <len; i++) {
    printf("%-4d ", i);
  }
  printf("\n");

  printf("%5s: ", "uni");
  for( i = 0; i <len; i++) {
    printf("\\x%02X ", 0x00FF & (int)uch[i]);
  }
  printf("\n");

  printf("%5s:", "ch");
  for( i = 0; i <len; i++) {
    if(isgraph(0x00FF & (int)uch[i])) {
      printf(" '%c' ", (char)uch[i]);
    } else {
      printf("     ");
    }
  }
  printf("\n");
}

void printUChar(UChar32 ch32)
{
    if(ch32 > 0xFFFF) {
      printf("ch: U+%06X\n", ch32);
    }
    else {
      UChar ch = (UChar)ch32;
      printUChars("C", &ch, 1);
    }
}

/*******************************************************************
  Very simple C sample to convert the word 'Moscow' in Russian in Unicode,
  followed by an exclamation mark (!) into the KOI8-R Russian code page.

  This example first creates a UChar String out of the Unicode chars.

  targetSize must be set to the amount of space available in the target
  buffer. After fromUChars is called, 
  len will contain the number of bytes in target[] which were
  used in the resulting codepage.  In this case, there is a 1:1 mapping
  between the input and output characters. The exclamation mark has the
  same value in both KOI8-R and Unicode.

  src: 0      1      2      3      4      5      6     
  uni: \u041C \u043E \u0441 \u043A \u0432 \u0430 \u0021 
   ch: CYRILL CYRILL CYRILL CYRILL CYRILL CYRILL   '!'  

 targ:  0    1    2    3    4    5    6  
  uni: \xED \xCF \xD3 \xCB \xD7 \xC1 \x21 
   ch:                                '!' 


Converting FROM unicode 
  to koi8-r.
  You must call ucnv_close to clean up the memory used by the
  converter.

  'len' returns the number of OUTPUT bytes resulting from the 
  conversion.
 */

UErrorCode convsample_02()
{
  printf("\n\n==============================================\n"
         "Sample 02: C: simple Unicode -> koi8-r conversion\n");


  // **************************** START SAMPLE *******************
  // "cat<cat>OK"
  UChar source[] = { 0x041C, 0x043E, 0x0441, 0x043A, 0x0432,
                     0x0430, 0x0021, 0x0000 };
  char target[100];
  UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
  UConverter *conv;
  int32_t     len;

  // set up the converter
  //! [ucnv_open]
  conv = ucnv_open("koi8-r", &status);
  //! [ucnv_open]
  assert(U_SUCCESS(status));

  // convert to koi8-r
  len = ucnv_fromUChars(conv, target, 100, source, -1, &status);
  assert(U_SUCCESS(status));

  // close the converter
  ucnv_close(conv);

  // ***************************** END SAMPLE ********************
  
  // Print it out
  printUChars("src", source);
  printf("\n");
  printBytes("targ", target, len);

  return U_ZERO_ERROR;
}


UErrorCode convsample_03()
{
  printf("\n\n==============================================\n"
         "Sample 03: C: print out all converters\n");

  int32_t count;
  int32_t i;

  // **************************** START SAMPLE *******************
  count = ucnv_countAvailable();
  printf("Available converters: %d\n", count);
  
  for(i=0;i<count;i++) 
  {
    printf("%s ", ucnv_getAvailableName(i));
  }

  // ***************************** END SAMPLE ********************
  
  printf("\n");

  return U_ZERO_ERROR;
}



#define BUFFERSIZE 17 /* make it interesting :) */

/*
  Converting from a codepage to Unicode in bulk..
  What is the best way to determine the buffer size?

     The 'buffersize' is in bytes of input.
    For a given converter, divinding this by the minimum char size
    give you the maximum number of Unicode characters that could be
    expected for a given number of input bytes.
     see: ucnv_getMinCharSize()

     For example, a single byte codepage like 'Latin-3' has a 
    minimum char size of 1. (It takes at least 1 byte to represent
    each Unicode char.) So the unicode buffer has the same number of
    UChars as the input buffer has bytes.

     In a strictly double byte codepage such as cp1362 (Windows
    Korean), the minimum char size is 2. So, only half as many Unicode
    chars as bytes are needed.

     This work to calculate the buffer size is an optimization. Any
    size of input and output buffer can be used, as long as the
    program handles the following cases: If the input buffer is empty,
    the source pointer will be equal to sourceLimit.  If the output
    buffer has overflowed, U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR will be returned. 
 */

UErrorCode convsample_05()
{
  printf("\n\n==============================================\n"
         "Sample 05: C: count the number of letters in a UTF-8 document\n");

  FILE *f;
  int32_t count;
  char inBuf[BUFFERSIZE];
  const char *source;
  const char *sourceLimit;
  UChar *uBuf;
  UChar *target;
  UChar *targetLimit;
  UChar *p;
  int32_t uBufSize = 0;
  UConverter *conv;
  UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
  uint32_t letters=0, total=0;

  f = fopen("data01.txt", "r");
  if(!f)
  {
    fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open file 'data01.txt' (UTF-8 data file).\n");
    return U_FILE_ACCESS_ERROR;
  }

  // **************************** START SAMPLE *******************
  conv = ucnv_open("utf-8", &status);
  assert(U_SUCCESS(status));

  uBufSize = (BUFFERSIZE/ucnv_getMinCharSize(conv));
  printf("input bytes %d / min chars %d = %d UChars\n",
         BUFFERSIZE, ucnv_getMinCharSize(conv), uBufSize);
  uBuf = (UChar*)malloc(uBufSize * sizeof(UChar));
  assert(uBuf!=NULL);

  // grab another buffer's worth
  while((!feof(f)) && 
        ((count=static_cast<int32_t>(fread(inBuf, 1, BUFFERSIZE , f))) > 0) )
  {
    // Convert bytes to unicode
    source = inBuf;
    sourceLimit = inBuf + count;
    
    do
    {
        target = uBuf;
        targetLimit = uBuf + uBufSize;
        
        ucnv_toUnicode(conv, &target, targetLimit, 
                       &source, sourceLimit, NULL,
                       feof(f)?TRUE:FALSE,         /* pass 'flush' when eof */
                                   /* is true (when no more data will come) */
                       &status);
      
        if(status == U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR)
        {
          // simply ran out of space - we'll reset the target ptr the next
          // time through the loop.
          status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        }
        else
        {
          //  Check other errors here.
          assert(U_SUCCESS(status));
          // Break out of the loop (by force)
        }

        // Process the Unicode
        // Todo: handle UTF-16/surrogates

        for(p = uBuf; p<target; p++)
        {
          if(u_isalpha(*p))
            letters++;
          total++;
        }
    } while (source < sourceLimit); // while simply out of space
  }

  printf("%d letters out of %d total UChars.\n", letters, total);
  
  // ***************************** END SAMPLE ********************
  ucnv_close(conv);

  printf("\n");

  fclose(f);

  return U_ZERO_ERROR;
}
#undef BUFFERSIZE

#define BUFFERSIZE 1024
typedef struct
{
  UChar32  codepoint;
  uint32_t frequency;
} CharFreqInfo;

UErrorCode convsample_06()
{
  printf("\n\n==============================================\n"
         "Sample 06: C: frequency distribution of letters in a UTF-8 document\n");

  FILE *f;
  int32_t count;
  char inBuf[BUFFERSIZE];
  const char *source;
  const char *sourceLimit;
  int32_t uBufSize = 0;
  UConverter *conv;
  UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
  uint32_t letters=0, total=0;

  CharFreqInfo   *info;
  UChar32   charCount = 0x10000;  /* increase this if you want to handle non bmp.. todo: automatically bump it.. */
  UChar32   p;

  uint32_t ie = 0;
  uint32_t gh = 0;
  UChar32 l = 0;

  f = fopen("data06.txt", "r");
  if(!f)
  {
    fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open file 'data06.txt' (UTF-8 data file).\n");
    return U_FILE_ACCESS_ERROR;
  }

  info = (CharFreqInfo*)malloc(sizeof(CharFreqInfo) * charCount);
  if(!info)
  {
    fprintf(stderr, " Couldn't allocate %d bytes for freq counter\n", static_cast<int>(sizeof(CharFreqInfo)*charCount));
  }

  /* reset frequencies */
  for(p=0;p<charCount;p++)
  {
    info[p].codepoint = p;
    info[p].frequency = 0;
  }

  // **************************** START SAMPLE *******************
  conv = ucnv_open("utf-8", &status);
  assert(U_SUCCESS(status));

  uBufSize = (BUFFERSIZE/ucnv_getMinCharSize(conv));
  printf("input bytes %d / min chars %d = %d UChars\n",
         BUFFERSIZE, ucnv_getMinCharSize(conv), uBufSize);

  // grab another buffer's worth
  while((!feof(f)) && 
        ((count=static_cast<int32_t>(fread(inBuf, 1, BUFFERSIZE , f))) > 0) )
  {
    // Convert bytes to unicode
    source = inBuf;
    sourceLimit = inBuf + count;
    
    while(source < sourceLimit)
    {
      p = ucnv_getNextUChar(conv, &source, sourceLimit, &status);
      if(U_FAILURE(status))
      {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s @ %d\n", u_errorName(status), total);
        status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        continue;
      }
      U_ASSERT(status);
      total++;

      if(u_isalpha(p))
        letters++;

      if((u_tolower(l) == 'i') && (u_tolower(p) == 'e'))
        ie++;

      if((u_tolower(l) == 'g') && (u_tolower(p) == 0x0127))
        gh++;

      if(p>charCount)
      {
        fprintf(stderr, "U+%06X: oh.., we only handle BMP characters so far.. redesign!\n", p);
        free(info);
        fclose(f);
        ucnv_close(conv);
        return U_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
      }
      info[p].frequency++;
      l = p;
    }
  }

  fclose(f);
  ucnv_close(conv);

  printf("%d letters out of %d total UChars.\n", letters, total);
  printf("%d ie digraphs, %d gh digraphs.\n", ie, gh);

  // now, we could sort it..

  //  qsort(info, charCount, sizeof(info[0]), charfreq_compare);

  for(p=0;p<charCount;p++)
  {
    if(info[p].frequency)
    {
      printf("% 5d U+%06X ", info[p].frequency, p);
      if(p <= 0xFFFF)
      {
        prettyPrintUChar((UChar)p);
      }
      printf("\n");
    }
  }
  free(info);
  // ***************************** END SAMPLE ********************

  printf("\n");

  return U_ZERO_ERROR;
}
#undef BUFFERSIZE


/******************************************************
  You must call ucnv_close to clean up the memory used by the
  converter.

  'len' returns the number of OUTPUT bytes resulting from the 
  conversion.
 */

UErrorCode convsample_12()
{
  printf("\n\n==============================================\n"
         "Sample 12: C: simple sjis -> unicode conversion\n");


  // **************************** START SAMPLE *******************

  char source[] = { 0x63, 0x61, 0x74, (char)0x94, 0x4C, (char)0x82, 0x6E, (char)0x82, 0x6A, 0x00 };
  UChar target[100];
  UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
  UConverter *conv;
  int32_t     len;

  // set up the converter
  conv = ucnv_open("shift_jis", &status);
  assert(U_SUCCESS(status));

  // convert to Unicode
  // Note: we can use strlen, we know it's an 8 bit null terminated codepage
  target[6] = 0xFDCA;
  len = ucnv_toUChars(conv, target, 100, source, static_cast<int32_t>(strlen(source)), &status);
  U_ASSERT(status);
  // close the converter
  ucnv_close(conv);

  // ***************************** END SAMPLE ********************
  
  // Print it out
  printBytes("src", source, static_cast<int32_t>(strlen(source)) );
  printf("\n");
  printUChars("targ", target, len);

  return U_ZERO_ERROR;
}

/******************************************************************
   C: Convert from codepage to Unicode one at a time. 
*/
  
UErrorCode convsample_13()
{
  printf("\n\n==============================================\n"
         "Sample 13: C: simple Big5 -> unicode conversion, char at a time\n");


  const char sourceChars[] = { 0x7a, 0x68, 0x3d, (char)0xa4, (char)0xa4, (char)0xa4, (char)0xe5, (char)0x2e };
  //  const char sourceChars[] = { 0x7a, 0x68, 0x3d, 0xe4, 0xb8, 0xad, 0xe6, 0x96, 0x87, 0x2e };
  const char *source, *sourceLimit;
  UChar32 target;
  UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
  UConverter *conv = NULL;
  int32_t srcCount=0;
  int32_t dstCount=0;
  
  srcCount = sizeof(sourceChars);

  conv = ucnv_open("Big5", &status);
  U_ASSERT(status);

  source = sourceChars;
  sourceLimit = sourceChars + sizeof(sourceChars);

  // **************************** START SAMPLE *******************


  printBytes("src", source, static_cast<int32_t>(sourceLimit - source));

  while(source < sourceLimit)
  {
    puts("");
    target = ucnv_getNextUChar (conv,
                                &source,
                                sourceLimit,
                                &status);
    
    //    printBytes("src",source,sourceLimit-source);
    U_ASSERT(status);
    printUChar(target);
    dstCount++;
  }
  
  
  // ************************** END SAMPLE *************************
  
  printf("src=%d bytes, dst=%d uchars\n", srcCount, dstCount);
  ucnv_close(conv);

  return U_ZERO_ERROR;
}




UBool convsample_20_didSubstitute(const char *source)
{
  UChar uchars[100];
  char bytes[100];
  UConverter *conv = NULL;
  UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
  uint32_t len, len2;
  UBool  flagVal;
  
  FromUFLAGContext * context = NULL;

  printf("\n\n==============================================\n"
         "Sample 20: C: Test for substitution using callbacks\n");

  /* print out the original source */
  printBytes("src", source);
  printf("\n");

  /* First, convert from UTF8 to unicode */
  conv = ucnv_open("utf-8", &status);
  U_ASSERT(status);

  len = ucnv_toUChars(conv, uchars, 100, source, static_cast<int32_t>(strlen(source)), &status);
  U_ASSERT(status);
 
  printUChars("uch", uchars, len);
  printf("\n");

  /* Now, close the converter */
  ucnv_close(conv);

  /* Now, convert to windows-1252 */
  conv = ucnv_open("windows-1252", &status);
  U_ASSERT(status);

  /* Converter starts out with the SUBSTITUTE callback set. */

  /* initialize our callback */
  context = flagCB_fromU_openContext();

  /* Set our special callback */
  ucnv_setFromUCallBack(conv,
                        flagCB_fromU,
                        context,
                        &(context->subCallback),
                        &(context->subContext),
                        &status);

  U_ASSERT(status);

  len2 = ucnv_fromUChars(conv, bytes, 100, uchars, len, &status);
  U_ASSERT(status);

  flagVal = context->flag;  /* it's about to go away when we close the cnv */

  ucnv_close(conv);

  /* print out the original source */
  printBytes("bytes", bytes, len2);

  return flagVal; /* true if callback was called */
}

UErrorCode convsample_20()
{
  const char *sample1 = "abc\xdf\xbf";
  const char *sample2 = "abc_def";


  if(convsample_20_didSubstitute(sample1))
  {
    printf("DID substitute.\n******\n");
  }
  else
  {
    printf("Did NOT substitute.\n*****\n");
  }

  if(convsample_20_didSubstitute(sample2))
  {
    printf("DID substitute.\n******\n");
  }
  else
  {
    printf("Did NOT substitute.\n*****\n");
  }

  return U_ZERO_ERROR;
}

// 21  - C, callback, with clone and debug



UBool convsample_21_didSubstitute(const char *source)
{
  UChar uchars[100];
  char bytes[100];
  UConverter *conv = NULL, *cloneCnv = NULL;
  UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
  uint32_t len, len2;
  UBool  flagVal = FALSE;
  UConverterFromUCallback junkCB;
  
  FromUFLAGContext *flagCtx = NULL, 
                   *cloneFlagCtx = NULL;

  debugCBContext   *debugCtx1 = NULL,
                   *debugCtx2 = NULL,
                   *cloneDebugCtx = NULL;

  printf("\n\n==============================================\n"
         "Sample 21: C: Test for substitution w/ callbacks & clones \n");

  /* print out the original source */
  printBytes("src", source);
  printf("\n");

  /* First, convert from UTF8 to unicode */
  conv = ucnv_open("utf-8", &status);
  U_ASSERT(status);

  len = ucnv_toUChars(conv, uchars, 100, source, static_cast<int32_t>(strlen(source)), &status);
  U_ASSERT(status);
 
  printUChars("uch", uchars, len);
  printf("\n");

  /* Now, close the converter */
  ucnv_close(conv);

  /* Now, convert to windows-1252 */
  conv = ucnv_open("windows-1252", &status);
  U_ASSERT(status);

  /* Converter starts out with the SUBSTITUTE callback set. */

  /* initialize our callback */
  /* from the 'bottom' innermost, out
   *   CNV ->  debugCtx1[debug]  ->  flagCtx[flag] -> debugCtx2[debug]  */

#if DEBUG_TMI
  printf("flagCB_fromU = %p\n", &flagCB_fromU);
  printf("debugCB_fromU = %p\n", &debugCB_fromU);
#endif

  debugCtx1 = debugCB_openContext();
   flagCtx  = flagCB_fromU_openContext();
  debugCtx2 = debugCB_openContext();

  debugCtx1->subCallback =  flagCB_fromU;  /* debug1 -> flag */
  debugCtx1->subContext  =  flagCtx;

  flagCtx->subCallback   =  debugCB_fromU; /*  flag -> debug2 */
  flagCtx->subContext    =  debugCtx2;

  debugCtx2->subCallback =  UCNV_FROM_U_CALLBACK_SUBSTITUTE;
  debugCtx2->subContext  = NULL;

  /* Set our special callback */

  ucnv_setFromUCallBack(conv,
                        debugCB_fromU,
                        debugCtx1,
                        &(debugCtx2->subCallback),
                        &(debugCtx2->subContext),
                        &status);

  U_ASSERT(status);

#if DEBUG_TMI
  printf("Callback chain now: Converter %p -> debug1:%p-> (%p:%p)==flag:%p -> debug2:%p -> cb %p\n",
         conv, debugCtx1, debugCtx1->subCallback,
         debugCtx1->subContext, flagCtx, debugCtx2, debugCtx2->subCallback);
#endif

  cloneCnv = ucnv_safeClone(conv, NULL, NULL, &status);

  U_ASSERT(status);

#if DEBUG_TMI
  printf("Cloned converter from %p -> %p.  Closing %p.\n", conv, cloneCnv, conv);
#endif
  
  ucnv_close(conv);

#if DEBUG_TMI
  printf("%p closed.\n", conv);
#endif 

  U_ASSERT(status);
  /* Now, we have to extract the context */
  cloneDebugCtx = NULL;
  cloneFlagCtx  = NULL;

  ucnv_getFromUCallBack(cloneCnv, &junkCB, (const void **)&cloneDebugCtx);
  if(cloneDebugCtx != NULL) {
      cloneFlagCtx = (FromUFLAGContext*) cloneDebugCtx -> subContext;
  }

  printf("Cloned converter chain: %p -> %p[debug1] -> %p[flag] -> %p[debug2] -> substitute\n",
         cloneCnv, cloneDebugCtx, cloneFlagCtx, cloneFlagCtx?cloneFlagCtx->subContext:NULL );

  len2 = ucnv_fromUChars(cloneCnv, bytes, 100, uchars, len, &status);
  U_ASSERT(status);

  if(cloneFlagCtx != NULL) {
      flagVal = cloneFlagCtx->flag;  /* it's about to go away when we close the cnv */
  } else {
      printf("** Warning, couldn't get the subcallback \n");
  }

  ucnv_close(cloneCnv);

  /* print out the original source */
  printBytes("bytes", bytes, len2);

  return flagVal; /* true if callback was called */
}

UErrorCode convsample_21()
{
  const char *sample1 = "abc\xdf\xbf";
  const char *sample2 = "abc_def";

  if(convsample_21_didSubstitute(sample1))
  {
    printf("DID substitute.\n******\n");
  }
  else
  {
    printf("Did NOT substitute.\n*****\n");
  }

  if(convsample_21_didSubstitute(sample2))
  {
    printf("DID substitute.\n******\n");
  }
  else
  {
    printf("Did NOT substitute.\n*****\n");
  }

  return U_ZERO_ERROR;
}


//  40-  C, cp37 -> UTF16 [data02.bin -> data40.utf16]

#define BUFFERSIZE 17 /* make it interesting :) */

UErrorCode convsample_40()
{
  printf("\n\n==============================================\n"
    "Sample 40: C: convert data02.bin from cp37 to UTF16 [data40.utf16]\n");

  FILE *f;
  FILE *out;
  int32_t count;
  char inBuf[BUFFERSIZE];
  const char *source;
  const char *sourceLimit;
  UChar *uBuf;
  UChar *target;
  UChar *targetLimit;
  int32_t uBufSize = 0;
  UConverter *conv = NULL;
  UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
  uint32_t inbytes=0, total=0;

  f = fopen("data02.bin", "rb");
  if(!f)
  {
    fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open file 'data02.bin' (cp37 data file).\n");
    return U_FILE_ACCESS_ERROR;
  }

  out = fopen("data40.utf16", "wb");
  if(!out)
  {
    fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't create file 'data40.utf16'.\n");
    fclose(f);
    return U_FILE_ACCESS_ERROR;
  }

  // **************************** START SAMPLE *******************
  conv = ucnv_openCCSID(37, UCNV_IBM, &status);
  assert(U_SUCCESS(status));

  uBufSize = (BUFFERSIZE/ucnv_getMinCharSize(conv));
  printf("input bytes %d / min chars %d = %d UChars\n",
         BUFFERSIZE, ucnv_getMinCharSize(conv), uBufSize);
  uBuf = (UChar*)malloc(uBufSize * sizeof(UChar));
  assert(uBuf!=NULL);

  // grab another buffer's worth
  while((!feof(f)) && 
        ((count=static_cast<int32_t>(fread(inBuf, 1, BUFFERSIZE , f))) > 0) )
  {
    inbytes += count;

    // Convert bytes to unicode
    source = inBuf;
    sourceLimit = inBuf + count;
    
    do
    {
        target = uBuf;
        targetLimit = uBuf + uBufSize;
        
        ucnv_toUnicode( conv, &target, targetLimit, 
                       &source, sourceLimit, NULL,
                       feof(f)?TRUE:FALSE,         /* pass 'flush' when eof */
                                   /* is true (when no more data will come) */
                         &status);
      
        if(status == U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR)
        {
          // simply ran out of space - we'll reset the target ptr the next
          // time through the loop.
          status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        }
        else
        {
          //  Check other errors here.
          assert(U_SUCCESS(status));
          // Break out of the loop (by force)
        }

        // Process the Unicode
        // Todo: handle UTF-16/surrogates
        assert(fwrite(uBuf, sizeof(uBuf[0]), (target-uBuf), out) == (size_t)(target-uBuf));
        total += static_cast<uint32_t>((target-uBuf));
    } while (source < sourceLimit); // while simply out of space
  }

  printf("%d bytes in,  %d UChars out.\n", inbytes, total);
  
  // ***************************** END SAMPLE ********************
  ucnv_close(conv);

  fclose(f);
  fclose(out);
  printf("\n");

  return U_ZERO_ERROR;
}
#undef BUFFERSIZE



//  46-  C, UTF16 -> latin2 [data40.utf16 -> data46.out]

#define BUFFERSIZE 24 /* make it interesting :) */

UErrorCode convsample_46()
{
  printf("\n\n==============================================\n"
    "Sample 46: C: convert data40.utf16 from UTF16 to latin2 [data46.out]\n");

  FILE *f;
  FILE *out;
  int32_t count;
  UChar inBuf[BUFFERSIZE];
  const UChar *source;
  const UChar *sourceLimit;
  char *buf;
  char *target;
  char *targetLimit;

  int32_t bufSize = 0;
  UConverter *conv = NULL;
  UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
  uint32_t inchars=0, total=0;

  f = fopen("data40.utf16", "rb");
  if(!f)
  {
    fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open file 'data40.utf16' (did you run convsample_40() ?)\n");
    return U_FILE_ACCESS_ERROR;
  }

  out = fopen("data46.out", "wb");
  if(!out)
  {
    fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't create file 'data46.out'.\n");
    fclose(f);
    return U_FILE_ACCESS_ERROR;
  }

  // **************************** START SAMPLE *******************
  conv = ucnv_open( "iso-8859-2", &status);
  assert(U_SUCCESS(status));

  bufSize = (BUFFERSIZE*ucnv_getMaxCharSize(conv));
  printf("input UChars[16] %d * max charsize %d = %d bytes output buffer\n",
         BUFFERSIZE, ucnv_getMaxCharSize(conv), bufSize);
  buf = (char*)malloc(bufSize * sizeof(char));
  assert(buf!=NULL);

  // grab another buffer's worth
  while((!feof(f)) && 
        ((count=static_cast<int32_t>(fread(inBuf, sizeof(UChar), BUFFERSIZE , f))) > 0) )
  {
    inchars += count;

    // Convert bytes to unicode
    source = inBuf;
    sourceLimit = inBuf + count;
    
    do
    {
        target = buf;
        targetLimit = buf + bufSize;
        
        ucnv_fromUnicode( conv, &target, targetLimit, 
                       &source, sourceLimit, NULL,
                       feof(f)?TRUE:FALSE,         /* pass 'flush' when eof */
                                   /* is true (when no more data will come) */
                         &status);
      
        if(status == U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR)
        {
          // simply ran out of space - we'll reset the target ptr the next
          // time through the loop.
          status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        }
        else
        {
          //  Check other errors here.
          assert(U_SUCCESS(status));
          // Break out of the loop (by force)
        }

        // Process the Unicode
        assert(fwrite(buf, sizeof(buf[0]), (target-buf), out) == (size_t)(target-buf));
        total += static_cast<uint32_t>((target-buf));
    } while (source < sourceLimit); // while simply out of space
  }

  printf("%d Uchars (%d bytes) in, %d chars out.\n", inchars, static_cast<int>(inchars * sizeof(UChar)), total);
  
  // ***************************** END SAMPLE ********************
  ucnv_close(conv);

  fclose(f);
  fclose(out);
  printf("\n");

  return U_ZERO_ERROR;
}
#undef BUFFERSIZE

#define BUFFERSIZE 219

void convsample_50() {
  printf("\n\n==============================================\n"
         "Sample 50: C: ucnv_detectUnicodeSignature\n");

  //! [ucnv_detectUnicodeSignature]
  UErrorCode err = U_ZERO_ERROR;
  UBool discardSignature = TRUE; /* set to TRUE to throw away the initial U+FEFF */
  char input[] = { '\xEF','\xBB', '\xBF','\x41','\x42','\x43' };
  int32_t signatureLength = 0;
  const char *encoding = ucnv_detectUnicodeSignature(input,sizeof(input),&signatureLength,&err);
  UConverter *conv = NULL;
  UChar output[100];
  UChar *target = output, *out;
  const char *source = input;
  if(encoding!=NULL && U_SUCCESS(err)){
    // should signature be discarded ?
    conv = ucnv_open(encoding, &err);
    // do the conversion
    ucnv_toUnicode(conv,
                   &target, output + UPRV_LENGTHOF(output),
                   &source, input + sizeof(input),
                   NULL, TRUE, &err);
    out = output;
    if (discardSignature){
      ++out; // ignore initial U+FEFF
    }
    while(out != target) {
      printf("%04x ", *out++);
    }
    puts("");
  }
  //! [ucnv_detectUnicodeSignature]
  puts("");
}



/* main */

int main()
{

  printf("Default Converter=%s\n", ucnv_getDefaultName() );
  
  convsample_02();  // C  , u->koi8r, conv
  convsample_03();  // C,   iterate

  convsample_05();  // C,  utf8->u, getNextUChar
  convsample_06(); // C freq counter thingy

  convsample_12();  // C,  sjis->u, conv
  convsample_13();  // C,  big5->u, getNextU
  
  convsample_20();  // C, callback
  convsample_21();  // C, callback debug
  
  convsample_40();  // C,   cp37 -> UTF16 [data02.bin -> data40.utf16]
  
  convsample_46();  // C,  UTF16 -> latin3 [data41.utf16 -> data46.out]

  convsample_50();  // C, detect unicode signature
  
  printf("End of converter samples.\n");
  
  fflush(stdout);
  fflush(stderr);
  
  return 0;
}