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diff --git a/Master/tlpkg/tlperl0/lib/pods/perlos390.pod b/Master/tlpkg/tlperl0/lib/pods/perlos390.pod new file mode 100755 index 00000000000..cea717db16f --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/tlpkg/tlperl0/lib/pods/perlos390.pod @@ -0,0 +1,458 @@ +This document is written in pod format hence there are punctuation +characters in odd places. Do not worry, you've apparently got the +ASCII->EBCDIC translation worked out correctly. You can read more +about pod in pod/perlpod.pod or the short summary in the INSTALL file. + +=head1 NAME + +README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390 and z/OS + +=head1 SYNOPSIS + +This document will help you Configure, build, test and install Perl +on OS/390 (aka z/OS) Unix System Services. + +=head1 DESCRIPTION + +This is a fully ported Perl for OS/390 Version 2 Release 3, 5, 6, 7, +8, and 9. It may work on other versions or releases, but those are +the ones we've tested it on. + +You may need to carry out some system configuration tasks before +running the Configure script for Perl. + + +=head2 Tools + +The z/OS Unix Tools and Toys list may prove helpful and contains links +to ports of much of the software helpful for building Perl. +http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1toy.html + + +=head2 Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390 + +If using ftp remember to transfer the distribution in binary format. + +Gunzip/gzip for OS/390 is discussed at: + + http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/faq/bpxqp1.html + +to extract an ASCII tar archive on OS/390, try this: + + pax -o to=IBM-1047,from=ISO8859-1 -r < latest.tar + +or + + zcat latest.tar.Z | pax -o to=IBM-1047,from=ISO8859-1 -r + +If you get lots of errors of the form + + tar: FSUM7171 ...: cannot set uid/gid: EDC5139I Operation not permitted. + +you didn't read the above and tried to use tar instead of pax, you'll +first have to remove the (now corrupt) perl directory + + rm -rf perl-... + +and then use pax. + +=head2 Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390 + +Be sure that your yacc installation is in place including any necessary +parser template files. If you have not already done so then be sure to: + + cp /samples/yyparse.c /etc + +This may also be a good time to ensure that your /etc/protocol file +and either your /etc/resolv.conf or /etc/hosts files are in place. +The IBM document that described such USS system setup issues was +SC28-1890-07 "OS/390 UNIX System Services Planning", in particular +Chapter 6 on customizing the OE shell. + +GNU make for OS/390, which is recommended for the build of perl (as +well as building CPAN modules and extensions), is available from the +L</Tools>. + +Some people have reported encountering "Out of memory!" errors while +trying to build Perl using GNU make binaries. If you encounter such +trouble then try to download the source code kit and build GNU make +from source to eliminate any such trouble. You might also find GNU make +(as well as Perl and Apache) in the red-piece/book "Open Source Software +for OS/390 UNIX", SG24-5944-00 from IBM. + +If instead of the recommended GNU make you would like to use the system +supplied make program then be sure to install the default rules file +properly via the shell command: + + cp /samples/startup.mk /etc + +and be sure to also set the environment variable _C89_CCMODE=1 (exporting +_C89_CCMODE=1 is also a good idea for users of GNU make). + +You might also want to have GNU groff for OS/390 installed before +running the "make install" step for Perl. + +There is a syntax error in the /usr/include/sys/socket.h header file +that IBM supplies with USS V2R7, V2R8, and possibly V2R9. The problem with +the header file is that near the definition of the SO_REUSEPORT constant +there is a spurious extra '/' character outside of a comment like so: + + #define SO_REUSEPORT 0x0200 /* allow local address & port + reuse */ / + +You could edit that header yourself to remove that last '/', or you might +note that Language Environment (LE) APAR PQ39997 describes the problem +and PTF's UQ46272 and UQ46271 are the (R8 at least) fixes and apply them. +If left unattended that syntax error will turn up as an inability for Perl +to build its "Socket" extension. + +For successful testing you may need to turn on the sticky bit for your +world readable /tmp directory if you have not already done so (see man chmod). + +=head2 Configure Perl on OS/390 + +Once you've unpacked the distribution, run "sh Configure" (see INSTALL +for a full discussion of the Configure options). There is a "hints" file +for os390 that specifies the correct values for most things. Some things +to watch out for include: + +=over 4 + +=item * + +A message of the form: + + (I see you are using the Korn shell. Some ksh's blow up on Configure, + mainly on older exotic systems. If yours does, try the Bourne shell instead.) + +is nothing to worry about at all. + +=item * + +Some of the parser default template files in /samples are needed in /etc. +In particular be sure that you at least copy /samples/yyparse.c to /etc +before running Perl's Configure. This step ensures successful extraction +of EBCDIC versions of parser files such as perly.c, perly.h, and x2p/a2p.c. +This has to be done before running Configure the first time. If you failed +to do so then the easiest way to re-Configure Perl is to delete your +misconfigured build root and re-extract the source from the tar ball. +Then you must ensure that /etc/yyparse.c is properly in place before +attempting to re-run Configure. + +=item * + +This port will support dynamic loading, but it is not selected by +default. If you would like to experiment with dynamic loading then +be sure to specify -Dusedl in the arguments to the Configure script. +See the comments in hints/os390.sh for more information on dynamic loading. +If you build with dynamic loading then you will need to add the +$archlibexp/CORE directory to your LIBPATH environment variable in order +for perl to work. See the config.sh file for the value of $archlibexp. +If in trying to use Perl you see an error message similar to: + + CEE3501S The module libperl.dll was not found. + From entry point __dllstaticinit at compile unit offset +00000194 at + +then your LIBPATH does not have the location of libperl.x and either +libperl.dll or libperl.so in it. Add that directory to your LIBPATH and +proceed. + +=item * + +Do not turn on the compiler optimization flag "-O". There is +a bug in either the optimizer or perl that causes perl to +not work correctly when the optimizer is on. + +=item * + +Some of the configuration files in /etc used by the +networking APIs are either missing or have the wrong +names. In particular, make sure that there's either +an /etc/resolv.conf or an /etc/hosts, so that +gethostbyname() works, and make sure that the file +/etc/proto has been renamed to /etc/protocol (NOT +/etc/protocols, as used by other Unix systems). +You may have to look for things like HOSTNAME and DOMAINORIGIN +in the "//'SYS1.TCPPARMS(TCPDATA)'" PDS member in order to +properly set up your /etc networking files. + +=back + +=head2 Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390 + +Simply put: + + sh Configure + make + make test + +if everything looks ok (see the next section for test/IVP diagnosis) then: + + make install + +this last step may or may not require UID=0 privileges depending +on how you answered the questions that Configure asked and whether +or not you have write access to the directories you specified. + +=head2 Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 + +"Out of memory!" messages during the build of Perl are most often fixed +by re building the GNU make utility for OS/390 from a source code kit. + +Another memory limiting item to check is your MAXASSIZE parameter in your +'SYS1.PARMLIB(BPXPRMxx)' data set (note too that as of V2R8 address space +limits can be set on a per user ID basis in the USS segment of a RACF +profile). People have reported successful builds of Perl with MAXASSIZE +parameters as small as 503316480 (and it may be possible to build Perl +with a MAXASSIZE smaller than that). + +Within USS your /etc/profile or $HOME/.profile may limit your ulimit +settings. Check that the following command returns reasonable values: + + ulimit -a + +To conserve memory you should have your compiler modules loaded into the +Link Pack Area (LPA/ELPA) rather than in a link list or step lib. + +If the c89 compiler complains of syntax errors during the build of the +Socket extension then be sure to fix the syntax error in the system +header /usr/include/sys/socket.h. + +=head2 Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 + +The "make test" step runs a Perl Verification Procedure, usually before +installation. You might encounter STDERR messages even during a successful +run of "make test". Here is a guide to some of the more commonly seen +anomalies: + +=over 4 + +=item * + +A message of the form: + + comp/cpp.............ERROR CBC3191 ./.301989890.c:1 The character $ is not a + valid C source character. + FSUM3065 The COMPILE step ended with return code 12. + FSUM3017 Could not compile .301989890.c. Correct the errors and try again. + ok + +indicates that the t/comp/cpp.t test of Perl's -P command line switch has +passed but that the particular invocation of c89 -E in the cpp script does +not suppress the C compiler check of source code validity. + +=item * + +A message of the form: + + io/openpid...........CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received. + CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received. + CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received. + ok + +indicates that the t/io/openpid.t test of Perl has passed but done so +with extraneous messages on stderr from CEE. + +=item * + +A message of the form: + + lib/ftmp-security....File::Temp::_gettemp: Parent directory (/tmp/) is not safe + (sticky bit not set when world writable?) at lib/ftmp-security.t line 100 + File::Temp::_gettemp: Parent directory (/tmp/) is not safe (sticky bit not + set when world writable?) at lib/ftmp-security.t line 100 + ok + +indicates a problem with the permissions on your /tmp directory within the HFS. +To correct that problem issue the command: + + chmod a+t /tmp + +from an account with write access to the directory entry for /tmp. + +=item * + +Out of Memory! + +Recent perl test suite is quite memory hunrgy. In addition to the comments +above on memory limitations it is also worth checking for _CEE_RUNOPTS +in your environment. Perl now has (in miniperlmain.c) a C #pragma +to set CEE run options, but the environment variable wins. + +The C code asks for: + + #pragma runopts(HEAP(2M,500K,ANYWHERE,KEEP,8K,4K) STACK(,,ANY,) ALL31(ON)) + +The important parts of that are the second argument (the increment) to HEAP, +and allowing the stack to be "Above the (16M) line". If the heap +increment is too small then when perl (for example loading unicode/Name.pl) tries +to create a "big" (400K+) string it cannot fit in a single segment +and you get "Out of Memory!" - even if there is still plenty of memory +available. + +A related issue is use with perl's malloc. Perl's malloc uses C<sbrk()> +to get memory, and C<sbrk()> is limited to the first allocation so in this +case something like: + + HEAP(8M,500K,ANYWHERE,KEEP,8K,4K) + +is needed to get through the test suite. + + +=back + +=head2 Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 + +The installman script will try to run on OS/390. There will be fewer errors +if you have a roff utility installed. You can obtain GNU groff from the +Redbook SG24-5944-00 ftp site. + +=head2 Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390 + +When using perl on OS/390 please keep in mind that the EBCDIC and ASCII +character sets are different. See perlebcdic.pod for more on such character +set issues. Perl builtin functions that may behave differently under +EBCDIC are also mentioned in the perlport.pod document. + +Open Edition (UNIX System Services) from V2R8 onward does support +#!/path/to/perl script invocation. There is a PTF available from +IBM for V2R7 that will allow shell/kernel support for #!. USS +releases prior to V2R7 did not support the #! means of script invocation. +If you are running V2R6 or earlier then see: + + head `whence perldoc` + +for an example of how to use the "eval exec" trick to ask the shell to +have Perl run your scripts on those older releases of Unix System Services. + +If you are having trouble with square brackets then consider switching your +rlogin or telnet client. Try to avoid older 3270 emulators and ISHELL for +working with Perl on USS. + +=head2 Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 + +There appears to be a bug in the floating point implementation on S/390 +systems such that calling int() on the product of a number and a small +magnitude number is not the same as calling int() on the quotient of +that number and a large magnitude number. For example, in the following +Perl code: + + my $x = 100000.0; + my $y = int($x * 1e-5) * 1e5; # '0' + my $z = int($x / 1e+5) * 1e5; # '100000' + print "\$y is $y and \$z is $z\n"; # $y is 0 and $z is 100000 + +Although one would expect the quantities $y and $z to be the same and equal +to 100000 they will differ and instead will be 0 and 100000 respectively. + +The problem can be further examined in a roughly equivalent C program: + + #include <stdio.h> + #include <math.h> + main() + { + double r1,r2; + double x = 100000.0; + double y = 0.0; + double z = 0.0; + x = 100000.0 * 1e-5; + r1 = modf (x,&y); + x = 100000.0 / 1e+5; + r2 = modf (x,&z); + printf("y is %e and z is %e\n",y*1e5,z*1e5); + /* y is 0.000000e+00 and z is 1.000000e+05 (with c89) */ + } + +=head2 Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390 + +Pure pure (that is non xs) modules may be installed via the usual: + + perl Makefile.PL + make + make test + make install + +If you built perl with dynamic loading capability then that would also +be the way to build xs based extensions. However, if you built perl with +the default static linking you can still build xs based extensions for OS/390 +but you will need to follow the instructions in ExtUtils::MakeMaker for +building statically linked perl binaries. In the simplest configurations +building a static perl + xs extension boils down to: + + perl Makefile.PL + make + make perl + make test + make install + make -f Makefile.aperl inst_perl MAP_TARGET=perl + +In most cases people have reported better results with GNU make rather +than the system's /bin/make program, whether for plain modules or for +xs based extensions. + +If the make process encounters trouble with either compilation or +linking then try setting the _C89_CCMODE to 1. Assuming sh is your +login shell then run: + + export _C89_CCMODE=1 + +If tcsh is your login shell then use the setenv command. + +=head1 AUTHORS + +David Fiander and Peter Prymmer with thanks to Dennis Longnecker +and William Raffloer for valuable reports, LPAR and PTF feedback. +Thanks to Mike MacIsaac and Egon Terwedow for SG24-5944-00. +Thanks to Ignasi Roca for pointing out the floating point problems. +Thanks to John Goodyear for dynamic loading help. + +=head1 SEE ALSO + +L<INSTALL>, L<perlport>, L<perlebcdic>, L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>. + + http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1toy.html + + http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/abstracts/sg245944.html + + http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1ty1.html#opensrc + + http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/mailing-lists/perl-mvs/ + + http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com:80/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/ceea3030/ + + http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com:80/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/CBCUG030/ + +=head2 Mailing list for Perl on OS/390 + +If you are interested in the VM/ESA, z/OS (formerly known as OS/390) +and POSIX-BC (BS2000) ports of Perl then see the perl-mvs mailing list. +To subscribe, send an empty message to perl-mvs-subscribe@perl.org. + +See also: + + http://lists.perl.org/showlist.cgi?name=perl-mvs + +There are web archives of the mailing list at: + + http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/mailing-lists/perl-mvs/ + http://archive.develooper.com/perl-mvs@perl.org/ + +=head1 HISTORY + +This document was originally written by David Fiander for the 5.005 +release of Perl. + +This document was podified for the 5.005_03 release of Perl 11 March 1999. + +Updated 28 November 2001 for broken URLs. + +Updated 12 November 2000 for the 5.7.1 release of Perl. + +Updated 15 January 2001 for the 5.7.1 release of Perl. + +Updated 24 January 2001 to mention dynamic loading. + +Updated 12 March 2001 to mention //'SYS1.TCPPARMS(TCPDATA)'. + +=cut + |