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-If you read this file _as_is_, just ignore the funny characters you see.
-It is written in the POD format (see pod/perlpod.pod) which is specially
-designed to be readable as is.
-
-=head1 NAME
-
-perlaix - Perl version 5 on IBM AIX (UNIX) systems
-
-=head1 DESCRIPTION
-
-This document describes various features of IBM's UNIX operating
-system AIX that will affect how Perl version 5 (hereafter just Perl)
-is compiled and/or runs.
-
-=head2 Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
-
-For information on compilers on older versions of AIX, see L<Compiling
-Perl 5 on older AIX versions up to 4.3.3>.
-
-When compiling Perl, you must use an ANSI C compiler. AIX does not ship
-an ANSI compliant C compiler with AIX by default, but binary builds of
-gcc for AIX are widely available. A version of gcc is also included in
-the AIX Toolbox which is shipped with AIX.
-
-=head2 Supported Compilers
-
-Currently all versions of IBM's "xlc", "xlc_r", "cc", "cc_r" or
-"vac" ANSI/C compiler will work for building Perl if that compiler
-works on your system.
-
-If you plan to link Perl to any module that requires thread-support,
-like DBD::Oracle, it is better to use the _r version of the compiler.
-This will not build a threaded Perl, but a thread-enabled Perl. See
-also L<Threaded Perl> later on.
-
-As of writing (2010-09) only the I<IBM XL C for AIX> or I<IBM XL C/C++
-for AIX> compiler is supported by IBM on AIX 5L/6.1/7.1.
-
-The following compiler versions are currently supported by IBM:
-
- IBM XL C and IBM XL C/C++ V8, V9, V10, V11
-
-The XL C for AIX is integrated in the XL C/C++ for AIX compiler and
-therefore also supported.
-
-If you choose XL C/C++ V9 you need APAR IZ35785 installed
-otherwise the integrated SDBM_File do not compile correctly due
-to an optimization bug. You can circumvent this problem by
-adding -qipa to the optimization flags (-Doptimize='-O -qipa').
-The PTF for APAR IZ35785 which solves this problem is available
-from IBM (April 2009 PTF for XL C/C++ Enterprise Edition for AIX, V9.0).
-
-If you choose XL C/C++ V11 you need the April 2010 PTF (or newer)
-installed otherwise you will not get a working Perl version.
-
-Perl can be compiled with either IBM's ANSI C compiler or with gcc.
-The former is recommended, as not only it can compile Perl with no
-difficulty, but also can take advantage of features listed later
-that require the use of IBM compiler-specific command-line flags.
-
-If you decide to use gcc, make sure your installation is recent and
-complete, and be sure to read the Perl INSTALL file for more gcc-specific
-details. Please report any hoops you had to jump through to the
-development team.
-
-=head2 Incompatibility with AIX Toolbox lib gdbm
-
-If the AIX Toolbox version of lib gdbm < 1.8.3-5 is installed on your
-system then Perl will not work. This library contains the header files
-/opt/freeware/include/gdbm/dbm.h|ndbm.h which conflict with the AIX
-system versions. The lib gdbm will be automatically removed from the
-wanted libraries if the presence of one of these two header files is
-detected. If you want to build Perl with GDBM support then please install
-at least gdbm-devel-1.8.3-5 (or higher).
-
-=head2 Perl 5 was successfully compiled and tested on:
-
- Perl | AIX Level | Compiler Level | w th | w/o th
- -------+---------------------+-------------------------+------+-------
- 5.12.2 |5.1 TL9 32 bit | XL C/C++ V7 | OK | OK
- 5.12.2 |5.1 TL9 64 bit | XL C/C++ V7 | OK | OK
- 5.12.2 |5.2 TL10 SP8 32 bit | XL C/C++ V8 | OK | OK
- 5.12.2 |5.2 TL10 SP8 32 bit | gcc 3.2.2 | OK | OK
- 5.12.2 |5.2 TL10 SP8 64 bit | XL C/C++ V8 | OK | OK
- 5.12.2 |5.3 TL8 SP8 32 bit | XL C/C++ V9 + IZ35785 | OK | OK
- 5.12.2 |5.3 TL8 SP8 32 bit | gcc 4.2.4 | OK | OK
- 5.12.2 |5.3 TL8 SP8 64 bit | XL C/C++ V9 + IZ35785 | OK | OK
- 5.12.2 |5.3 TL10 SP3 32 bit | XL C/C++ V11 + Apr 2010 | OK | OK
- 5.12.2 |5.3 TL10 SP3 64 bit | XL C/C++ V11 + Apr 2010 | OK | OK
- 5.12.2 |6.1 TL1 SP7 32 bit | XL C/C++ V10 | OK | OK
- 5.12.2 |6.1 TL1 SP7 64 bit | XL C/C++ V10 | OK | OK
- 5.13 |7.1 TL0 SP1 32 bit | XL C/C++ V11 + Jul 2010 | OK | OK
- 5.13 |7.1 TL0 SP1 64 bit | XL C/C++ V11 + Jul 2010 | OK | OK
-
- w th = with thread support
- w/o th = without thread support
- OK = tested
-
-Successfully tested means that all "make test" runs finish with a
-result of 100% OK. All tests were conducted with -Duseshrplib set.
-
-All tests were conducted on the oldest supported AIX technology level
-with the latest support package applied. If the tested AIX version is
-out of support (AIX 4.3.3, 5.1, 5.2) then the last available support
-level was used.
-
-=head2 Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
-
-Starting from Perl 5.7.2 (and consequently 5.8.x / 5.10.x / 5.12.x)
-and AIX 4.3 or newer Perl uses the AIX native dynamic loading interface
-in the so called runtime linking mode instead of the emulated interface
-that was used in Perl releases 5.6.1 and earlier or, for AIX releases
-4.2 and earlier. This change does break backward compatibility with
-compiled modules from earlier Perl releases. The change was made to make
-Perl more compliant with other applications like Apache/mod_perl which are
-using the AIX native interface. This change also enables the use of
-C++ code with static constructors and destructors in Perl extensions,
-which was not possible using the emulated interface.
-
-It is highly recommended to use the new interface.
-
-=head2 Using Large Files with Perl
-
-Should yield no problems.
-
-=head2 Threaded Perl
-
-Should yield no problems with AIX 5.1 / 5.2 / 5.3 / 6.1 / 7.1.
-
-IBM uses the AIX system Perl (V5.6.0 on AIX 5.1 and V5.8.2 on
-AIX 5.2 / 5.3 and 6.1; V5.8.8 on AIX 5.3 TL11 and AIX 6.1 TL4; V5.10.1
-on AIX 7.1) for some AIX system scripts. If you switch the links in
-/usr/bin from the AIX system Perl (/usr/opt/perl5) to the newly build
-Perl then you get the same features as with the IBM AIX system Perl if
-the threaded options are used.
-
-The threaded Perl build works also on AIX 5.1 but the IBM Perl
-build (Perl v5.6.0) is not threaded on AIX 5.1.
-
-Perl 5.12 an newer is not compatible with the IBM fileset perl.libext.
-
-=head2 64-bit Perl
-
-If your AIX system is installed with 64-bit support, you can expect 64-bit
-configurations to work. If you want to use 64-bit Perl on AIX 6.1
-you need an APAR for a libc.a bug which affects (n)dbm_XXX functions.
-The APAR number for this problem is IZ39077.
-
-If you need more memory (larger data segment) for your Perl programs you
-can set:
-
- /etc/security/limits
- default: (or your user)
- data = -1 (default is 262144 * 512 byte)
-
-With the default setting the size is limited to 128MB.
-The -1 removes this limit. If the "make test" fails please change
-your /etc/security/limits as stated above.
-
-=head2 Recommended Options AIX 5.1/5.2/5.3/6.1 and 7.1 (threaded/32-bit)
-
-With the following options you get a threaded Perl version which
-passes all make tests in threaded 32-bit mode, which is the default
-configuration for the Perl builds that AIX ships with.
-
- rm config.sh
- ./Configure \
- -d \
- -Dcc=cc_r \
- -Duseshrplib \
- -Dusethreads \
- -Dprefix=/usr/opt/perl5_32
-
-The -Dprefix option will install Perl in a directory parallel to the
-IBM AIX system Perl installation.
-
-=head2 Recommended Options AIX 5.1/5.2/5.3/6.1 and 7.1 (32-bit)
-
-With the following options you get a Perl version which passes
-all make tests in 32-bit mode.
-
- rm config.sh
- ./Configure \
- -d \
- -Dcc=cc_r \
- -Duseshrplib \
- -Dprefix=/usr/opt/perl5_32
-
-The -Dprefix option will install Perl in a directory parallel to the
-IBM AIX system Perl installation.
-
-=head2 Recommended Options AIX 5.1/5.2/5.3/6.1 and 7.1 (threaded/64-bit)
-
-With the following options you get a threaded Perl version which
-passes all make tests in 64-bit mode.
-
- export OBJECT_MODE=64 / setenv OBJECT_MODE 64 (depending on your shell)
-
- rm config.sh
- ./Configure \
- -d \
- -Dcc=cc_r \
- -Duseshrplib \
- -Dusethreads \
- -Duse64bitall \
- -Dprefix=/usr/opt/perl5_64
-
-=head2 Recommended Options AIX 5.1/5.2/5.3/6.1 and 7.1 (64-bit)
-
-With the following options you get a Perl version which passes all
-make tests in 64-bit mode.
-
- export OBJECT_MODE=64 / setenv OBJECT_MODE 64 (depending on your shell)
-
- rm config.sh
- ./Configure \
- -d \
- -Dcc=cc_r \
- -Duseshrplib \
- -Duse64bitall \
- -Dprefix=/usr/opt/perl5_64
-
-The -Dprefix option will install Perl in a directory parallel to the
-IBM AIX system Perl installation.
-
-If you choose gcc to compile 64-bit Perl then you need to add the
-following option:
-
- -Dcc='gcc -maix64'
-
-
-=head2 Compiling Perl 5 on older AIX versions up to 4.3.3
-
-Due to the fact that AIX 4.3.3 reached end-of-service in December 31,
-2003 this information is provided as is. The Perl versions prior to
-Perl 5.8.9 could be compiled on AIX up to 4.3.3 with the following
-settings (your mileage may vary):
-
-When compiling Perl, you must use an ANSI C compiler. AIX does not ship
-an ANSI compliant C-compiler with AIX by default, but binary builds of
-gcc for AIX are widely available.
-
-At the moment of writing, AIX supports two different native C compilers,
-for which you have to pay: B<xlC> and B<vac>. If you decide to use either
-of these two (which is quite a lot easier than using gcc), be sure to
-upgrade to the latest available patch level. Currently:
-
- xlC.C 3.1.4.10 or 3.6.6.0 or 4.0.2.2 or 5.0.2.9 or 6.0.0.3
- vac.C 4.4.0.3 or 5.0.2.6 or 6.0.0.1
-
-note that xlC has the OS version in the name as of version 4.0.2.0, so
-you will find xlC.C for AIX-5.0 as package
-
- xlC.aix50.rte 5.0.2.0 or 6.0.0.3
-
-subversions are not the same "latest" on all OS versions. For example,
-the latest xlC-5 on aix41 is 5.0.2.9, while on aix43, it is 5.0.2.7.
-
-Perl can be compiled with either IBM's ANSI C compiler or with gcc.
-The former is recommended, as not only can it compile Perl with no
-difficulty, but also can take advantage of features listed later that
-require the use of IBM compiler-specific command-line flags.
-
-The IBM's compiler patch levels 5.0.0.0 and 5.0.1.0 have compiler
-optimization bugs that affect compiling perl.c and regcomp.c,
-respectively. If Perl's configuration detects those compiler patch
-levels, optimization is turned off for the said source code files.
-Upgrading to at least 5.0.2.0 is recommended.
-
-If you decide to use gcc, make sure your installation is recent and
-complete, and be sure to read the Perl INSTALL file for more gcc-specific
-details. Please report any hoops you had to jump through to the development
-team.
-
-=head2 OS level
-
-Before installing the patches to the IBM C-compiler you need to know the
-level of patching for the Operating System. IBM's command 'oslevel' will
-show the base, but is not always complete (in this example oslevel shows
-4.3.NULL, whereas the system might run most of 4.3.THREE):
-
- # oslevel
- 4.3.0.0
- # lslpp -l | grep 'bos.rte '
- bos.rte 4.3.3.75 COMMITTED Base Operating System Runtime
- bos.rte 4.3.2.0 COMMITTED Base Operating System Runtime
- #
-
-The same might happen to AIX 5.1 or other OS levels. As a side note, Perl
-cannot be built without bos.adt.syscalls and bos.adt.libm installed
-
- # lslpp -l | egrep "syscalls|libm"
- bos.adt.libm 5.1.0.25 COMMITTED Base Application Development
- bos.adt.syscalls 5.1.0.36 COMMITTED System Calls Application
- #
-
-=head2 Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX E<lt> 5L
-
-AIX supports dynamically loadable objects as well as shared libraries.
-Shared libraries by convention end with the suffix .a, which is a bit
-misleading, as an archive can contain static as well as dynamic members.
-For Perl dynamically loaded objects we use the .so suffix also used on
-many other platforms.
-
-Note that starting from Perl 5.7.2 (and consequently 5.8.0) and AIX 4.3
-or newer Perl uses the AIX native dynamic loading interface in the so
-called runtime linking mode instead of the emulated interface that was
-used in Perl releases 5.6.1 and earlier or, for AIX releases 4.2 and
-earlier. This change does break backward compatibility with compiled
-modules from earlier Perl releases. The change was made to make Perl
-more compliant with other applications like Apache/mod_perl which are
-using the AIX native interface. This change also enables the use of C++
-code with static constructors and destructors in Perl extensions, which
-was not possible using the emulated interface.
-
-=head2 The IBM ANSI C Compiler
-
-All defaults for Configure can be used.
-
-If you've chosen to use vac 4, be sure to run 4.4.0.3. Older versions
-will turn up nasty later on. For vac 5 be sure to run at least 5.0.1.0,
-but vac 5.0.2.6 or up is highly recommended. Note that since IBM has
-removed vac 5.0.2.1 through 5.0.2.5 from the software depot, these
-versions should be considered obsolete.
-
-Here's a brief lead of how to upgrade the compiler to the latest
-level. Of course this is subject to changes. You can only upgrade
-versions from ftp-available updates if the first three digit groups
-are the same (in where you can skip intermediate unlike the patches
-in the developer snapshots of Perl), or to one version up where the
-"base" is available. In other words, the AIX compiler patches are
-cumulative.
-
- vac.C.4.4.0.1 => vac.C.4.4.0.3 is OK (vac.C.4.4.0.2 not needed)
- xlC.C.3.1.3.3 => xlC.C.3.1.4.10 is NOT OK (xlC.C.3.1.4.0 is not available)
-
- # ftp ftp.software.ibm.com
- Connected to service.boulder.ibm.com.
- : welcome message ...
- Name (ftp.software.ibm.com:merijn): anonymous
- 331 Guest login ok, send your complete e-mail address as password.
- Password:
- ... accepted login stuff
- ftp> cd /aix/fixes/v4/
- ftp> dir other other.ll
- output to local-file: other.ll? y
- 200 PORT command successful.
- 150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for /bin/ls.
- 226 Transfer complete.
- ftp> dir xlc xlc.ll
- output to local-file: xlc.ll? y
- 200 PORT command successful.
- 150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for /bin/ls.
- 226 Transfer complete.
- ftp> bye
- ... goodbye messages
- # ls -l *.ll
- -rw-rw-rw- 1 merijn system 1169432 Nov 2 17:29 other.ll
- -rw-rw-rw- 1 merijn system 29170 Nov 2 17:29 xlc.ll
-
-On AIX 4.2 using xlC, we continue:
-
- # lslpp -l | fgrep 'xlC.C '
- xlC.C 3.1.4.9 COMMITTED C for AIX Compiler
- xlC.C 3.1.4.0 COMMITTED C for AIX Compiler
- # grep 'xlC.C.3.1.4.*.bff' xlc.ll
- -rw-r--r-- 1 45776101 1 6286336 Jul 22 1996 xlC.C.3.1.4.1.bff
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 6173696 Aug 24 1998 xlC.C.3.1.4.10.bff
- -rw-r--r-- 1 45776101 1 6319104 Aug 14 1996 xlC.C.3.1.4.2.bff
- -rw-r--r-- 1 45776101 1 6316032 Oct 21 1996 xlC.C.3.1.4.3.bff
- -rw-r--r-- 1 45776101 1 6315008 Dec 20 1996 xlC.C.3.1.4.4.bff
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 6178816 Mar 28 1997 xlC.C.3.1.4.5.bff
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 6188032 May 22 1997 xlC.C.3.1.4.6.bff
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 6191104 Sep 5 1997 xlC.C.3.1.4.7.bff
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 6185984 Jan 13 1998 xlC.C.3.1.4.8.bff
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 6169600 May 27 1998 xlC.C.3.1.4.9.bff
- # wget ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/aix/fixes/v4/xlc/xlC.C.3.1.4.10.bff
- #
-
-On AIX 4.3 using vac, we continue:
-
- # lslpp -l | grep 'vac.C '
- vac.C 5.0.2.2 COMMITTED C for AIX Compiler
- vac.C 5.0.2.0 COMMITTED C for AIX Compiler
- # grep 'vac.C.5.0.2.*.bff' other.ll
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 13592576 Apr 16 2001 vac.C.5.0.2.0.bff
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 14133248 Apr 9 2002 vac.C.5.0.2.3.bff
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 14173184 May 20 2002 vac.C.5.0.2.4.bff
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 14192640 Nov 22 2002 vac.C.5.0.2.6.bff
- # wget ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/aix/fixes/v4/other/vac.C.5.0.2.6.bff
- #
-
-Likewise on all other OS levels. Then execute the following command, and
-fill in its choices
-
- # smit install_update
- -> Install and Update from LATEST Available Software
- * INPUT device / directory for software [ vac.C.5.0.2.6.bff ]
- [ OK ]
- [ OK ]
-
-Follow the messages ... and you're done.
-
-If you like a more web-like approach, a good start point can be
-http://www14.software.ibm.com/webapp/download/downloadaz.jsp and click
-"C for AIX", and follow the instructions.
-
-=head2 The usenm option
-
-If linking miniperl
-
- cc -o miniperl ... miniperlmain.o opmini.o perl.o ... -lm -lc ...
-
-causes error like this
-
- ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .aintl
- ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .copysignl
- ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .syscall
- ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .eaccess
- ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .setresuid
- ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .setresgid
- ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .setproctitle
- ld: 0711-345 Use the -bloadmap or -bnoquiet option to obtain more information.
-
-you could retry with
-
- make realclean
- rm config.sh
- ./Configure -Dusenm ...
-
-which makes Configure to use the C<nm> tool when scanning for library
-symbols, which usually is not done in AIX.
-
-Related to this, you probably should not use the C<-r> option of
-Configure in AIX, because that affects of how the C<nm> tool is used.
-
-=head2 Using GNU's gcc for building Perl
-
-Using gcc-3.x (tested with 3.0.4, 3.1, and 3.2) now works out of the box,
-as do recent gcc-2.9 builds available directly from IBM as part of their
-Linux compatibility packages, available here:
-
- http://www.ibm.com/servers/aix/products/aixos/linux/
-
-=head2 Using Large Files with Perl E<lt> 5L
-
-Should yield no problems.
-
-=head2 Threaded Perl E<lt> 5L
-
-Threads seem to work OK, though at the moment not all tests pass when
-threads are used in combination with 64-bit configurations.
-
-You may get a warning when doing a threaded build:
-
- "pp_sys.c", line 4640.39: 1506-280 (W) Function argument assignment
- between types "unsigned char*" and "const void*" is not allowed.
-
-The exact line number may vary, but if the warning (W) comes from a line
-line this
-
- hent = PerlSock_gethostbyaddr(addr, (Netdb_hlen_t) addrlen, addrtype);
-
-in the "pp_ghostent" function, you may ignore it safely. The warning
-is caused by the reentrant variant of gethostbyaddr() having a slightly
-different prototype than its non-reentrant variant, but the difference
-is not really significant here.
-
-=head2 64-bit Perl E<lt> 5L
-
-If your AIX is installed with 64-bit support, you can expect 64-bit
-configurations to work. In combination with threads some tests might
-still fail.
-
-=head2 AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
-
-In AIX 4.2 Perl extensions that use C++ functions that use statics
-may have problems in that the statics are not getting initialized.
-In newer AIX releases this has been solved by linking Perl with
-the libC_r library, but unfortunately in AIX 4.2 the said library
-has an obscure bug where the various functions related to time
-(such as time() and gettimeofday()) return broken values, and
-therefore in AIX 4.2 Perl is not linked against the libC_r.
-
-=head1 AUTHORS
-
-Rainer Tammer <tammer@tammer.net>
-
-=cut