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+package URI::_punycode;
+
+use strict;
+our $VERSION = "0.03";
+
+require Exporter;
+our @ISA = qw(Exporter);
+our @EXPORT = qw(encode_punycode decode_punycode);
+
+use integer;
+
+our $DEBUG = 0;
+
+use constant BASE => 36;
+use constant TMIN => 1;
+use constant TMAX => 26;
+use constant SKEW => 38;
+use constant DAMP => 700;
+use constant INITIAL_BIAS => 72;
+use constant INITIAL_N => 128;
+
+my $Delimiter = chr 0x2D;
+my $BasicRE = qr/[\x00-\x7f]/;
+
+sub _croak { require Carp; Carp::croak(@_); }
+
+sub digit_value {
+ my $code = shift;
+ return ord($code) - ord("A") if $code =~ /[A-Z]/;
+ return ord($code) - ord("a") if $code =~ /[a-z]/;
+ return ord($code) - ord("0") + 26 if $code =~ /[0-9]/;
+ return;
+}
+
+sub code_point {
+ my $digit = shift;
+ return $digit + ord('a') if 0 <= $digit && $digit <= 25;
+ return $digit + ord('0') - 26 if 26 <= $digit && $digit <= 36;
+ die 'NOT COME HERE';
+}
+
+sub adapt {
+ my($delta, $numpoints, $firsttime) = @_;
+ $delta = $firsttime ? $delta / DAMP : $delta / 2;
+ $delta += $delta / $numpoints;
+ my $k = 0;
+ while ($delta > ((BASE - TMIN) * TMAX) / 2) {
+ $delta /= BASE - TMIN;
+ $k += BASE;
+ }
+ return $k + (((BASE - TMIN + 1) * $delta) / ($delta + SKEW));
+}
+
+sub decode_punycode {
+ my $code = shift;
+
+ my $n = INITIAL_N;
+ my $i = 0;
+ my $bias = INITIAL_BIAS;
+ my @output;
+
+ if ($code =~ s/(.*)$Delimiter//o) {
+ push @output, map ord, split //, $1;
+ return _croak('non-basic code point') unless $1 =~ /^$BasicRE*$/o;
+ }
+
+ while ($code) {
+ my $oldi = $i;
+ my $w = 1;
+ LOOP:
+ for (my $k = BASE; 1; $k += BASE) {
+ my $cp = substr($code, 0, 1, '');
+ my $digit = digit_value($cp);
+ defined $digit or return _croak("invalid punycode input");
+ $i += $digit * $w;
+ my $t = ($k <= $bias) ? TMIN
+ : ($k >= $bias + TMAX) ? TMAX : $k - $bias;
+ last LOOP if $digit < $t;
+ $w *= (BASE - $t);
+ }
+ $bias = adapt($i - $oldi, @output + 1, $oldi == 0);
+ warn "bias becomes $bias" if $DEBUG;
+ $n += $i / (@output + 1);
+ $i = $i % (@output + 1);
+ splice(@output, $i, 0, $n);
+ warn join " ", map sprintf('%04x', $_), @output if $DEBUG;
+ $i++;
+ }
+ return join '', map chr, @output;
+}
+
+sub encode_punycode {
+ my $input = shift;
+ my @input = split //, $input;
+
+ my $n = INITIAL_N;
+ my $delta = 0;
+ my $bias = INITIAL_BIAS;
+
+ my @output;
+ my @basic = grep /$BasicRE/, @input;
+ my $h = my $b = @basic;
+ push @output, @basic;
+ push @output, $Delimiter if $b && $h < @input;
+ warn "basic codepoints: (@output)" if $DEBUG;
+
+ while ($h < @input) {
+ my $m = min(grep { $_ >= $n } map ord, @input);
+ warn sprintf "next code point to insert is %04x", $m if $DEBUG;
+ $delta += ($m - $n) * ($h + 1);
+ $n = $m;
+ for my $i (@input) {
+ my $c = ord($i);
+ $delta++ if $c < $n;
+ if ($c == $n) {
+ my $q = $delta;
+ LOOP:
+ for (my $k = BASE; 1; $k += BASE) {
+ my $t = ($k <= $bias) ? TMIN :
+ ($k >= $bias + TMAX) ? TMAX : $k - $bias;
+ last LOOP if $q < $t;
+ my $cp = code_point($t + (($q - $t) % (BASE - $t)));
+ push @output, chr($cp);
+ $q = ($q - $t) / (BASE - $t);
+ }
+ push @output, chr(code_point($q));
+ $bias = adapt($delta, $h + 1, $h == $b);
+ warn "bias becomes $bias" if $DEBUG;
+ $delta = 0;
+ $h++;
+ }
+ }
+ $delta++;
+ $n++;
+ }
+ return join '', @output;
+}
+
+sub min {
+ my $min = shift;
+ for (@_) { $min = $_ if $_ <= $min }
+ return $min;
+}
+
+1;
+__END__
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+URI::_punycode - encodes Unicode string in Punycode
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+ use URI::_punycode;
+ $punycode = encode_punycode($unicode);
+ $unicode = decode_punycode($punycode);
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+URI::_punycode is a module to encode / decode Unicode strings into
+Punycode, an efficient encoding of Unicode for use with IDNA.
+
+This module requires Perl 5.6.0 or over to handle UTF8 flagged Unicode
+strings.
+
+=head1 FUNCTIONS
+
+This module exports following functions by default.
+
+=over 4
+
+=item encode_punycode
+
+ $punycode = encode_punycode($unicode);
+
+takes Unicode string (UTF8-flagged variable) and returns Punycode
+encoding for it.
+
+=item decode_punycode
+
+ $unicode = decode_punycode($punycode)
+
+takes Punycode encoding and returns original Unicode string.
+
+=back
+
+These functions throw exceptions on failure. You can catch 'em via
+C<eval>.
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+Tatsuhiko Miyagawa E<lt>miyagawa@bulknews.netE<gt> is the author of
+IDNA::Punycode v0.02 which was the basis for this module.
+
+This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the same terms as Perl itself.
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+L<IDNA::Punycode>, RFC 3492
+
+=cut