summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/Master/tlpkg/tlperl/lib/POSIX.pod
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
Diffstat (limited to 'Master/tlpkg/tlperl/lib/POSIX.pod')
-rw-r--r--Master/tlpkg/tlperl/lib/POSIX.pod2221
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 2221 deletions
diff --git a/Master/tlpkg/tlperl/lib/POSIX.pod b/Master/tlpkg/tlperl/lib/POSIX.pod
deleted file mode 100644
index f935ae05743..00000000000
--- a/Master/tlpkg/tlperl/lib/POSIX.pod
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2221 +0,0 @@
-=head1 NAME
-
-POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
-
-=head1 SYNOPSIS
-
- use POSIX ();
- use POSIX qw(setsid);
- use POSIX qw(:errno_h :fcntl_h);
-
- printf "EINTR is %d\n", EINTR;
-
- $sess_id = POSIX::setsid();
-
- $fd = POSIX::open($path, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_WRONLY, 0644);
- # note: that's a filedescriptor, *NOT* a filehandle
-
-=head1 DESCRIPTION
-
-The POSIX module permits you to access all (or nearly all) the standard
-POSIX 1003.1 identifiers. Many of these identifiers have been given Perl-ish
-interfaces.
-
-I<Everything is exported by default> with the exception of any POSIX
-functions with the same name as a built-in Perl function, such as
-C<abs>, C<alarm>, C<rmdir>, C<write>, etc.., which will be exported
-only if you ask for them explicitly. This is an unfortunate backwards
-compatibility feature. You can stop the exporting by saying C<use
-POSIX ()> and then use the fully qualified names (ie. C<POSIX::SEEK_END>),
-or by giving an explicit import list. If you do neither, and opt for the
-default, C<use POSIX;> has to import I<553 symbols>.
-
-This document gives a condensed list of the features available in the POSIX
-module. Consult your operating system's manpages for general information on
-most features. Consult L<perlfunc> for functions which are noted as being
-identical to Perl's builtin functions.
-
-The first section describes POSIX functions from the 1003.1 specification.
-The second section describes some classes for signal objects, TTY objects,
-and other miscellaneous objects. The remaining sections list various
-constants and macros in an organization which roughly follows IEEE Std
-1003.1b-1993.
-
-=head1 CAVEATS
-
-A few functions are not implemented because they are C specific. If you
-attempt to call these, they will print a message telling you that they
-aren't implemented, and suggest using the Perl equivalent should one
-exist. For example, trying to access the setjmp() call will elicit the
-message "setjmp() is C-specific: use eval {} instead".
-
-Furthermore, some evil vendors will claim 1003.1 compliance, but in fact
-are not so: they will not pass the PCTS (POSIX Compliance Test Suites).
-For example, one vendor may not define EDEADLK, or the semantics of the
-errno values set by open(2) might not be quite right. Perl does not
-attempt to verify POSIX compliance. That means you can currently
-successfully say "use POSIX", and then later in your program you find
-that your vendor has been lax and there's no usable ICANON macro after
-all. This could be construed to be a bug.
-
-=head1 FUNCTIONS
-
-=over 8
-
-=item _exit
-
-This is identical to the C function C<_exit()>. It exits the program
-immediately which means among other things buffered I/O is B<not> flushed.
-
-Note that when using threads and in Linux this is B<not> a good way to
-exit a thread because in Linux processes and threads are kind of the
-same thing (Note: while this is the situation in early 2003 there are
-projects under way to have threads with more POSIXly semantics in Linux).
-If you want not to return from a thread, detach the thread.
-
-=item abort
-
-This is identical to the C function C<abort()>. It terminates the
-process with a C<SIGABRT> signal unless caught by a signal handler or
-if the handler does not return normally (it e.g. does a C<longjmp>).
-
-=item abs
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<abs()> function, returning
-the absolute value of its numerical argument.
-
-=item access
-
-Determines the accessibility of a file.
-
- if( POSIX::access( "/", &POSIX::R_OK ) ){
- print "have read permission\n";
- }
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure. Note: do not use C<access()> for
-security purposes. Between the C<access()> call and the operation
-you are preparing for the permissions might change: a classic
-I<race condition>.
-
-=item acos
-
-This is identical to the C function C<acos()>, returning
-the arcus cosine of its numerical argument. See also L<Math::Trig>.
-
-=item alarm
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<alarm()> function,
-either for arming or disarming the C<SIGARLM> timer.
-
-=item asctime
-
-This is identical to the C function C<asctime()>. It returns
-a string of the form
-
- "Fri Jun 2 18:22:13 2000\n\0"
-
-and it is called thusly
-
- $asctime = asctime($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year,
- $wday, $yday, $isdst);
-
-The C<$mon> is zero-based: January equals C<0>. The C<$year> is
-1900-based: 2001 equals C<101>. C<$wday> and C<$yday> default to zero
-(and are usually ignored anyway), and C<$isdst> defaults to -1.
-
-=item asin
-
-This is identical to the C function C<asin()>, returning
-the arcus sine of its numerical argument. See also L<Math::Trig>.
-
-=item assert
-
-Unimplemented, but you can use L<perlfunc/die> and the L<Carp> module
-to achieve similar things.
-
-=item atan
-
-This is identical to the C function C<atan()>, returning the
-arcus tangent of its numerical argument. See also L<Math::Trig>.
-
-=item atan2
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<atan2()> function, returning
-the arcus tangent defined by its two numerical arguments, the I<y>
-coordinate and the I<x> coordinate. See also L<Math::Trig>.
-
-=item atexit
-
-atexit() is C-specific: use C<END {}> instead, see L<perlsub>.
-
-=item atof
-
-atof() is C-specific. Perl converts strings to numbers transparently.
-If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a zero to it.
-
-=item atoi
-
-atoi() is C-specific. Perl converts strings to numbers transparently.
-If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a zero to it.
-If you need to have just the integer part, see L<perlfunc/int>.
-
-=item atol
-
-atol() is C-specific. Perl converts strings to numbers transparently.
-If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a zero to it.
-If you need to have just the integer part, see L<perlfunc/int>.
-
-=item bsearch
-
-bsearch() not supplied. For doing binary search on wordlists,
-see L<Search::Dict>.
-
-=item calloc
-
-calloc() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transparently.
-
-=item ceil
-
-This is identical to the C function C<ceil()>, returning the smallest
-integer value greater than or equal to the given numerical argument.
-
-=item chdir
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<chdir()> function, allowing
-one to change the working (default) directory, see L<perlfunc/chdir>.
-
-=item chmod
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<chmod()> function, allowing
-one to change file and directory permissions, see L<perlfunc/chmod>.
-
-=item chown
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<chown()> function, allowing one
-to change file and directory owners and groups, see L<perlfunc/chown>.
-
-=item clearerr
-
-Use the method C<IO::Handle::clearerr()> instead, to reset the error
-state (if any) and EOF state (if any) of the given stream.
-
-=item clock
-
-This is identical to the C function C<clock()>, returning the
-amount of spent processor time in microseconds.
-
-=item close
-
-Close the file. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling
-C<POSIX::open>.
-
- $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
- POSIX::close( $fd );
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure.
-
-See also L<perlfunc/close>.
-
-=item closedir
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<closedir()> function for closing
-a directory handle, see L<perlfunc/closedir>.
-
-=item cos
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<cos()> function, for returning
-the cosine of its numerical argument, see L<perlfunc/cos>.
-See also L<Math::Trig>.
-
-=item cosh
-
-This is identical to the C function C<cosh()>, for returning
-the hyperbolic cosine of its numeric argument. See also L<Math::Trig>.
-
-=item creat
-
-Create a new file. This returns a file descriptor like the ones returned by
-C<POSIX::open>. Use C<POSIX::close> to close the file.
-
- $fd = POSIX::creat( "foo", 0611 );
- POSIX::close( $fd );
-
-See also L<perlfunc/sysopen> and its C<O_CREAT> flag.
-
-=item ctermid
-
-Generates the path name for the controlling terminal.
-
- $path = POSIX::ctermid();
-
-=item ctime
-
-This is identical to the C function C<ctime()> and equivalent
-to C<asctime(localtime(...))>, see L</asctime> and L</localtime>.
-
-=item cuserid
-
-Get the login name of the owner of the current process.
-
- $name = POSIX::cuserid();
-
-=item difftime
-
-This is identical to the C function C<difftime()>, for returning
-the time difference (in seconds) between two times (as returned
-by C<time()>), see L</time>.
-
-=item div
-
-div() is C-specific, use L<perlfunc/int> on the usual C</> division and
-the modulus C<%>.
-
-=item dup
-
-This is similar to the C function C<dup()>, for duplicating a file
-descriptor.
-
-This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling
-C<POSIX::open>.
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure.
-
-=item dup2
-
-This is similar to the C function C<dup2()>, for duplicating a file
-descriptor to an another known file descriptor.
-
-This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling
-C<POSIX::open>.
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure.
-
-=item errno
-
-Returns the value of errno.
-
- $errno = POSIX::errno();
-
-This identical to the numerical values of the C<$!>, see L<perlvar/$ERRNO>.
-
-=item execl
-
-execl() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/exec>.
-
-=item execle
-
-execle() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/exec>.
-
-=item execlp
-
-execlp() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/exec>.
-
-=item execv
-
-execv() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/exec>.
-
-=item execve
-
-execve() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/exec>.
-
-=item execvp
-
-execvp() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/exec>.
-
-=item exit
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<exit()> function for exiting the
-program, see L<perlfunc/exit>.
-
-=item exp
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<exp()> function for
-returning the exponent (I<e>-based) of the numerical argument,
-see L<perlfunc/exp>.
-
-=item fabs
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<abs()> function for returning
-the absolute value of the numerical argument, see L<perlfunc/abs>.
-
-=item fclose
-
-Use method C<IO::Handle::close()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/close>.
-
-=item fcntl
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<fcntl()> function,
-see L<perlfunc/fcntl>.
-
-=item fdopen
-
-Use method C<IO::Handle::new_from_fd()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/open>.
-
-=item feof
-
-Use method C<IO::Handle::eof()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/eof>.
-
-=item ferror
-
-Use method C<IO::Handle::error()> instead.
-
-=item fflush
-
-Use method C<IO::Handle::flush()> instead.
-See also L<perlvar/$OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH>.
-
-=item fgetc
-
-Use method C<IO::Handle::getc()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/read>.
-
-=item fgetpos
-
-Use method C<IO::Seekable::getpos()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/seek>.
-
-=item fgets
-
-Use method C<IO::Handle::gets()> instead. Similar to E<lt>E<gt>, also known
-as L<perlfunc/readline>.
-
-=item fileno
-
-Use method C<IO::Handle::fileno()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/fileno>.
-
-=item floor
-
-This is identical to the C function C<floor()>, returning the largest
-integer value less than or equal to the numerical argument.
-
-=item fmod
-
-This is identical to the C function C<fmod()>.
-
- $r = fmod($x, $y);
-
-It returns the remainder C<$r = $x - $n*$y>, where C<$n = trunc($x/$y)>.
-The C<$r> has the same sign as C<$x> and magnitude (absolute value)
-less than the magnitude of C<$y>.
-
-=item fopen
-
-Use method C<IO::File::open()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/open>.
-
-=item fork
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<fork()> function
-for duplicating the current process, see L<perlfunc/fork>
-and L<perlfork> if you are in Windows.
-
-=item fpathconf
-
-Retrieves the value of a configurable limit on a file or directory. This
-uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling C<POSIX::open>.
-
-The following will determine the maximum length of the longest allowable
-pathname on the filesystem which holds C</var/foo>.
-
- $fd = POSIX::open( "/var/foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
- $path_max = POSIX::fpathconf( $fd, &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX );
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure.
-
-=item fprintf
-
-fprintf() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/printf> instead.
-
-=item fputc
-
-fputc() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/print> instead.
-
-=item fputs
-
-fputs() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/print> instead.
-
-=item fread
-
-fread() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/read> instead.
-
-=item free
-
-free() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transparently.
-
-=item freopen
-
-freopen() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/open> instead.
-
-=item frexp
-
-Return the mantissa and exponent of a floating-point number.
-
- ($mantissa, $exponent) = POSIX::frexp( 1.234e56 );
-
-=item fscanf
-
-fscanf() is C-specific, use E<lt>E<gt> and regular expressions instead.
-
-=item fseek
-
-Use method C<IO::Seekable::seek()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/seek>.
-
-=item fsetpos
-
-Use method C<IO::Seekable::setpos()> instead, or seek L<perlfunc/seek>.
-
-=item fstat
-
-Get file status. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by
-calling C<POSIX::open>. The data returned is identical to the data from
-Perl's builtin C<stat> function.
-
- $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
- @stats = POSIX::fstat( $fd );
-
-=item fsync
-
-Use method C<IO::Handle::sync()> instead.
-
-=item ftell
-
-Use method C<IO::Seekable::tell()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/tell>.
-
-=item fwrite
-
-fwrite() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/print> instead.
-
-=item getc
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getc()> function,
-see L<perlfunc/getc>.
-
-=item getchar
-
-Returns one character from STDIN. Identical to Perl's C<getc()>,
-see L<perlfunc/getc>.
-
-=item getcwd
-
-Returns the name of the current working directory.
-See also L<Cwd>.
-
-=item getegid
-
-Returns the effective group identifier. Similar to Perl' s builtin
-variable C<$(>, see L<perlvar/$EGID>.
-
-=item getenv
-
-Returns the value of the specified environment variable.
-The same information is available through the C<%ENV> array.
-
-=item geteuid
-
-Returns the effective user identifier. Identical to Perl's builtin C<$E<gt>>
-variable, see L<perlvar/$EUID>.
-
-=item getgid
-
-Returns the user's real group identifier. Similar to Perl's builtin
-variable C<$)>, see L<perlvar/$GID>.
-
-=item getgrgid
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getgrgid()> function for
-returning group entries by group identifiers, see
-L<perlfunc/getgrgid>.
-
-=item getgrnam
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getgrnam()> function for
-returning group entries by group names, see L<perlfunc/getgrnam>.
-
-=item getgroups
-
-Returns the ids of the user's supplementary groups. Similar to Perl's
-builtin variable C<$)>, see L<perlvar/$GID>.
-
-=item getlogin
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getlogin()> function for
-returning the user name associated with the current session, see
-L<perlfunc/getlogin>.
-
-=item getpgrp
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getpgrp()> function for
-returning the process group identifier of the current process, see
-L<perlfunc/getpgrp>.
-
-=item getpid
-
-Returns the process identifier. Identical to Perl's builtin
-variable C<$$>, see L<perlvar/$PID>.
-
-=item getppid
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getppid()> function for
-returning the process identifier of the parent process of the current
-process , see L<perlfunc/getppid>.
-
-=item getpwnam
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getpwnam()> function for
-returning user entries by user names, see L<perlfunc/getpwnam>.
-
-=item getpwuid
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getpwuid()> function for
-returning user entries by user identifiers, see L<perlfunc/getpwuid>.
-
-=item gets
-
-Returns one line from C<STDIN>, similar to E<lt>E<gt>, also known
-as the C<readline()> function, see L<perlfunc/readline>.
-
-B<NOTE>: if you have C programs that still use C<gets()>, be very
-afraid. The C<gets()> function is a source of endless grief because
-it has no buffer overrun checks. It should B<never> be used. The
-C<fgets()> function should be preferred instead.
-
-=item getuid
-
-Returns the user's identifier. Identical to Perl's builtin C<$E<lt>> variable,
-see L<perlvar/$UID>.
-
-=item gmtime
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<gmtime()> function for
-converting seconds since the epoch to a date in Greenwich Mean Time,
-see L<perlfunc/gmtime>.
-
-=item isalnum
-
-This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a
-single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings may
-affect what characters are considered C<isalnum>. Does not work on
-Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
-expressions and the C</[[:alnum:]]/> construct instead, or possibly
-the C</\w/> construct.
-
-=item isalpha
-
-This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
-a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
-may affect what characters are considered C<isalpha>. Does not work
-on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
-expressions and the C</[[:alpha:]]/> construct instead.
-
-=item isatty
-
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified filehandle is connected
-to a tty. Similar to the C<-t> operator, see L<perlfunc/-X>.
-
-=item iscntrl
-
-This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
-a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
-may affect what characters are considered C<iscntrl>. Does not work
-on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
-expressions and the C</[[:cntrl:]]/> construct instead.
-
-=item isdigit
-
-This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
-a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
-may affect what characters are considered C<isdigit> (unlikely, but
-still possible). Does not work on Unicode characters code point 256
-or higher. Consider using regular expressions and the C</[[:digit:]]/>
-construct instead, or the C</\d/> construct.
-
-=item isgraph
-
-This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
-a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
-may affect what characters are considered C<isgraph>. Does not work
-on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
-expressions and the C</[[:graph:]]/> construct instead.
-
-=item islower
-
-This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
-a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
-may affect what characters are considered C<islower>. Does not work
-on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
-expressions and the C</[[:lower:]]/> construct instead. Do B<not> use
-C</[a-z]/>.
-
-=item isprint
-
-This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
-a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
-may affect what characters are considered C<isprint>. Does not work
-on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
-expressions and the C</[[:print:]]/> construct instead.
-
-=item ispunct
-
-This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
-a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
-may affect what characters are considered C<ispunct>. Does not work
-on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
-expressions and the C</[[:punct:]]/> construct instead.
-
-=item isspace
-
-This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
-a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
-may affect what characters are considered C<isspace>. Does not work
-on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
-expressions and the C</[[:space:]]/> construct instead, or the C</\s/>
-construct. (Note that C</\s/> and C</[[:space:]]/> are slightly
-different in that C</[[:space:]]/> can normally match a vertical tab,
-while C</\s/> does not.)
-
-=item isupper
-
-This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
-a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
-may affect what characters are considered C<isupper>. Does not work
-on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
-expressions and the C</[[:upper:]]/> construct instead. Do B<not> use
-C</[A-Z]/>.
-
-=item isxdigit
-
-This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single
-character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings may affect what
-characters are considered C<isxdigit> (unlikely, but still possible).
-Does not work on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher.
-Consider using regular expressions and the C</[[:xdigit:]]/>
-construct instead, or simply C</[0-9a-f]/i>.
-
-=item kill
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<kill()> function for sending
-signals to processes (often to terminate them), see L<perlfunc/kill>.
-
-=item labs
-
-(For returning absolute values of long integers.)
-labs() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/abs> instead.
-
-=item lchown
-
-This is identical to the C function, except the order of arguments is
-consistent with Perl's builtin C<chown()> with the added restriction
-of only one path, not an list of paths. Does the same thing as the
-C<chown()> function but changes the owner of a symbolic link instead
-of the file the symbolic link points to.
-
-=item ldexp
-
-This is identical to the C function C<ldexp()>
-for multiplying floating point numbers with powers of two.
-
- $x_quadrupled = POSIX::ldexp($x, 2);
-
-=item ldiv
-
-(For computing dividends of long integers.)
-ldiv() is C-specific, use C</> and C<int()> instead.
-
-=item link
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<link()> function
-for creating hard links into files, see L<perlfunc/link>.
-
-=item localeconv
-
-Get numeric formatting information. Returns a reference to a hash
-containing the current locale formatting values.
-
-Here is how to query the database for the B<de> (Deutsch or German) locale.
-
- $loc = POSIX::setlocale( &POSIX::LC_ALL, "de" );
- print "Locale = $loc\n";
- $lconv = POSIX::localeconv();
- print "decimal_point = ", $lconv->{decimal_point}, "\n";
- print "thousands_sep = ", $lconv->{thousands_sep}, "\n";
- print "grouping = ", $lconv->{grouping}, "\n";
- print "int_curr_symbol = ", $lconv->{int_curr_symbol}, "\n";
- print "currency_symbol = ", $lconv->{currency_symbol}, "\n";
- print "mon_decimal_point = ", $lconv->{mon_decimal_point}, "\n";
- print "mon_thousands_sep = ", $lconv->{mon_thousands_sep}, "\n";
- print "mon_grouping = ", $lconv->{mon_grouping}, "\n";
- print "positive_sign = ", $lconv->{positive_sign}, "\n";
- print "negative_sign = ", $lconv->{negative_sign}, "\n";
- print "int_frac_digits = ", $lconv->{int_frac_digits}, "\n";
- print "frac_digits = ", $lconv->{frac_digits}, "\n";
- print "p_cs_precedes = ", $lconv->{p_cs_precedes}, "\n";
- print "p_sep_by_space = ", $lconv->{p_sep_by_space}, "\n";
- print "n_cs_precedes = ", $lconv->{n_cs_precedes}, "\n";
- print "n_sep_by_space = ", $lconv->{n_sep_by_space}, "\n";
- print "p_sign_posn = ", $lconv->{p_sign_posn}, "\n";
- print "n_sign_posn = ", $lconv->{n_sign_posn}, "\n";
-
-=item localtime
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<localtime()> function for
-converting seconds since the epoch to a date see L<perlfunc/localtime>.
-
-=item log
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<log()> function,
-returning the natural (I<e>-based) logarithm of the numerical argument,
-see L<perlfunc/log>.
-
-=item log10
-
-This is identical to the C function C<log10()>,
-returning the 10-base logarithm of the numerical argument.
-You can also use
-
- sub log10 { log($_[0]) / log(10) }
-
-or
-
- sub log10 { log($_[0]) / 2.30258509299405 }
-
-or
-
- sub log10 { log($_[0]) * 0.434294481903252 }
-
-=item longjmp
-
-longjmp() is C-specific: use L<perlfunc/die> instead.
-
-=item lseek
-
-Move the file's read/write position. This uses file descriptors such as
-those obtained by calling C<POSIX::open>.
-
- $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
- $off_t = POSIX::lseek( $fd, 0, &POSIX::SEEK_SET );
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure.
-
-=item malloc
-
-malloc() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transparently.
-
-=item mblen
-
-This is identical to the C function C<mblen()>.
-Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte
-characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather
-useless function.
-
-=item mbstowcs
-
-This is identical to the C function C<mbstowcs()>.
-Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte
-characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather
-useless function.
-
-=item mbtowc
-
-This is identical to the C function C<mbtowc()>.
-Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte
-characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather
-useless function.
-
-=item memchr
-
-memchr() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/index> instead.
-
-=item memcmp
-
-memcmp() is C-specific, use C<eq> instead, see L<perlop>.
-
-=item memcpy
-
-memcpy() is C-specific, use C<=>, see L<perlop>, or see L<perlfunc/substr>.
-
-=item memmove
-
-memmove() is C-specific, use C<=>, see L<perlop>, or see L<perlfunc/substr>.
-
-=item memset
-
-memset() is C-specific, use C<x> instead, see L<perlop>.
-
-=item mkdir
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<mkdir()> function
-for creating directories, see L<perlfunc/mkdir>.
-
-=item mkfifo
-
-This is similar to the C function C<mkfifo()> for creating
-FIFO special files.
-
- if (mkfifo($path, $mode)) { ....
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure. The C<$mode> is similar to the
-mode of C<mkdir()>, see L<perlfunc/mkdir>, though for C<mkfifo>
-you B<must> specify the C<$mode>.
-
-=item mktime
-
-Convert date/time info to a calendar time.
-
-Synopsis:
-
- mktime(sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday = 0, yday = 0, isdst = -1)
-
-The month (C<mon>), weekday (C<wday>), and yearday (C<yday>) begin at zero.
-I.e. January is 0, not 1; Sunday is 0, not 1; January 1st is 0, not 1. The
-year (C<year>) is given in years since 1900. I.e. The year 1995 is 95; the
-year 2001 is 101. Consult your system's C<mktime()> manpage for details
-about these and the other arguments.
-
-Calendar time for December 12, 1995, at 10:30 am.
-
- $time_t = POSIX::mktime( 0, 30, 10, 12, 11, 95 );
- print "Date = ", POSIX::ctime($time_t);
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure.
-
-=item modf
-
-Return the integral and fractional parts of a floating-point number.
-
- ($fractional, $integral) = POSIX::modf( 3.14 );
-
-=item nice
-
-This is similar to the C function C<nice()>, for changing
-the scheduling preference of the current process. Positive
-arguments mean more polite process, negative values more
-needy process. Normal user processes can only be more polite.
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure.
-
-=item offsetof
-
-offsetof() is C-specific, you probably want to see L<perlfunc/pack> instead.
-
-=item open
-
-Open a file for reading for writing. This returns file descriptors, not
-Perl filehandles. Use C<POSIX::close> to close the file.
-
-Open a file read-only with mode 0666.
-
- $fd = POSIX::open( "foo" );
-
-Open a file for read and write.
-
- $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDWR );
-
-Open a file for write, with truncation.
-
- $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_WRONLY | &POSIX::O_TRUNC );
-
-Create a new file with mode 0640. Set up the file for writing.
-
- $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_CREAT | &POSIX::O_WRONLY, 0640 );
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure.
-
-See also L<perlfunc/sysopen>.
-
-=item opendir
-
-Open a directory for reading.
-
- $dir = POSIX::opendir( "/var" );
- @files = POSIX::readdir( $dir );
- POSIX::closedir( $dir );
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure.
-
-=item pathconf
-
-Retrieves the value of a configurable limit on a file or directory.
-
-The following will determine the maximum length of the longest allowable
-pathname on the filesystem which holds C</var>.
-
- $path_max = POSIX::pathconf( "/var", &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX );
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure.
-
-=item pause
-
-This is similar to the C function C<pause()>, which suspends
-the execution of the current process until a signal is received.
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure.
-
-=item perror
-
-This is identical to the C function C<perror()>, which outputs to the
-standard error stream the specified message followed by ": " and the
-current error string. Use the C<warn()> function and the C<$!>
-variable instead, see L<perlfunc/warn> and L<perlvar/$ERRNO>.
-
-=item pipe
-
-Create an interprocess channel. This returns file descriptors like those
-returned by C<POSIX::open>.
-
- my ($read, $write) = POSIX::pipe();
- POSIX::write( $write, "hello", 5 );
- POSIX::read( $read, $buf, 5 );
-
-See also L<perlfunc/pipe>.
-
-=item pow
-
-Computes C<$x> raised to the power C<$exponent>.
-
- $ret = POSIX::pow( $x, $exponent );
-
-You can also use the C<**> operator, see L<perlop>.
-
-=item printf
-
-Formats and prints the specified arguments to STDOUT.
-See also L<perlfunc/printf>.
-
-=item putc
-
-putc() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/print> instead.
-
-=item putchar
-
-putchar() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/print> instead.
-
-=item puts
-
-puts() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/print> instead.
-
-=item qsort
-
-qsort() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/sort> instead.
-
-=item raise
-
-Sends the specified signal to the current process.
-See also L<perlfunc/kill> and the C<$$> in L<perlvar/$PID>.
-
-=item rand
-
-C<rand()> is non-portable, see L<perlfunc/rand> instead.
-
-=item read
-
-Read from a file. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by
-calling C<POSIX::open>. If the buffer C<$buf> is not large enough for the
-read then Perl will extend it to make room for the request.
-
- $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
- $bytes = POSIX::read( $fd, $buf, 3 );
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure.
-
-See also L<perlfunc/sysread>.
-
-=item readdir
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<readdir()> function
-for reading directory entries, see L<perlfunc/readdir>.
-
-=item realloc
-
-realloc() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transparently.
-
-=item remove
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<unlink()> function
-for removing files, see L<perlfunc/unlink>.
-
-=item rename
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<rename()> function
-for renaming files, see L<perlfunc/rename>.
-
-=item rewind
-
-Seeks to the beginning of the file.
-
-=item rewinddir
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<rewinddir()> function for
-rewinding directory entry streams, see L<perlfunc/rewinddir>.
-
-=item rmdir
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<rmdir()> function
-for removing (empty) directories, see L<perlfunc/rmdir>.
-
-=item scanf
-
-scanf() is C-specific, use E<lt>E<gt> and regular expressions instead,
-see L<perlre>.
-
-=item setgid
-
-Sets the real group identifier and the effective group identifier for
-this process. Similar to assigning a value to the Perl's builtin
-C<$)> variable, see L<perlvar/$EGID>, except that the latter
-will change only the real user identifier, and that the setgid()
-uses only a single numeric argument, as opposed to a space-separated
-list of numbers.
-
-=item setjmp
-
-C<setjmp()> is C-specific: use C<eval {}> instead,
-see L<perlfunc/eval>.
-
-=item setlocale
-
-Modifies and queries program's locale. The following examples assume
-
- use POSIX qw(setlocale LC_ALL LC_CTYPE);
-
-has been issued.
-
-The following will set the traditional UNIX system locale behavior
-(the second argument C<"C">).
-
- $loc = setlocale( LC_ALL, "C" );
-
-The following will query the current LC_CTYPE category. (No second
-argument means 'query'.)
-
- $loc = setlocale( LC_CTYPE );
-
-The following will set the LC_CTYPE behaviour according to the locale
-environment variables (the second argument C<"">).
-Please see your systems C<setlocale(3)> documentation for the locale
-environment variables' meaning or consult L<perllocale>.
-
- $loc = setlocale( LC_CTYPE, "" );
-
-The following will set the LC_COLLATE behaviour to Argentinian
-Spanish. B<NOTE>: The naming and availability of locales depends on
-your operating system. Please consult L<perllocale> for how to find
-out which locales are available in your system.
-
- $loc = setlocale( LC_COLLATE, "es_AR.ISO8859-1" );
-
-=item setpgid
-
-This is similar to the C function C<setpgid()> for
-setting the process group identifier of the current process.
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure.
-
-=item setsid
-
-This is identical to the C function C<setsid()> for
-setting the session identifier of the current process.
-
-=item setuid
-
-Sets the real user identifier and the effective user identifier for
-this process. Similar to assigning a value to the Perl's builtin
-C<$E<lt>> variable, see L<perlvar/$UID>, except that the latter
-will change only the real user identifier.
-
-=item sigaction
-
-Detailed signal management. This uses C<POSIX::SigAction> objects for
-the C<action> and C<oldaction> arguments (the oldaction can also be
-just a hash reference). Consult your system's C<sigaction> manpage
-for details, see also C<POSIX::SigRt>.
-
-Synopsis:
-
- sigaction(signal, action, oldaction = 0)
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure. The C<signal> must be a number (like
-SIGHUP), not a string (like "SIGHUP"), though Perl does try hard
-to understand you.
-
-If you use the SA_SIGINFO flag, the signal handler will in addition to
-the first argument, the signal name, also receive a second argument, a
-hash reference, inside which are the following keys with the following
-semantics, as defined by POSIX/SUSv3:
-
- signo the signal number
- errno the error number
- code if this is zero or less, the signal was sent by
- a user process and the uid and pid make sense,
- otherwise the signal was sent by the kernel
-
-The following are also defined by POSIX/SUSv3, but unfortunately
-not very widely implemented:
-
- pid the process id generating the signal
- uid the uid of the process id generating the signal
- status exit value or signal for SIGCHLD
- band band event for SIGPOLL
-
-A third argument is also passed to the handler, which contains a copy
-of the raw binary contents of the siginfo structure: if a system has
-some non-POSIX fields, this third argument is where to unpack() them
-from.
-
-Note that not all siginfo values make sense simultaneously (some are
-valid only for certain signals, for example), and not all values make
-sense from Perl perspective, you should to consult your system's
-C<sigaction> and possibly also C<siginfo> documentation.
-
-=item siglongjmp
-
-siglongjmp() is C-specific: use L<perlfunc/die> instead.
-
-=item sigpending
-
-Examine signals that are blocked and pending. This uses C<POSIX::SigSet>
-objects for the C<sigset> argument. Consult your system's C<sigpending>
-manpage for details.
-
-Synopsis:
-
- sigpending(sigset)
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure.
-
-=item sigprocmask
-
-Change and/or examine calling process's signal mask. This uses
-C<POSIX::SigSet> objects for the C<sigset> and C<oldsigset> arguments.
-Consult your system's C<sigprocmask> manpage for details.
-
-Synopsis:
-
- sigprocmask(how, sigset, oldsigset = 0)
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure.
-
-Note that you can't reliably block or unblock a signal from its own signal
-handler if you're using safe signals. Other signals can be blocked or unblocked
-reliably.
-
-=item sigsetjmp
-
-C<sigsetjmp()> is C-specific: use C<eval {}> instead,
-see L<perlfunc/eval>.
-
-=item sigsuspend
-
-Install a signal mask and suspend process until signal arrives. This uses
-C<POSIX::SigSet> objects for the C<signal_mask> argument. Consult your
-system's C<sigsuspend> manpage for details.
-
-Synopsis:
-
- sigsuspend(signal_mask)
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure.
-
-=item sin
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<sin()> function
-for returning the sine of the numerical argument,
-see L<perlfunc/sin>. See also L<Math::Trig>.
-
-=item sinh
-
-This is identical to the C function C<sinh()>
-for returning the hyperbolic sine of the numerical argument.
-See also L<Math::Trig>.
-
-=item sleep
-
-This is functionally identical to Perl's builtin C<sleep()> function
-for suspending the execution of the current for process for certain
-number of seconds, see L<perlfunc/sleep>. There is one significant
-difference, however: C<POSIX::sleep()> returns the number of
-B<unslept> seconds, while the C<CORE::sleep()> returns the
-number of slept seconds.
-
-=item sprintf
-
-This is similar to Perl's builtin C<sprintf()> function
-for returning a string that has the arguments formatted as requested,
-see L<perlfunc/sprintf>.
-
-=item sqrt
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<sqrt()> function.
-for returning the square root of the numerical argument,
-see L<perlfunc/sqrt>.
-
-=item srand
-
-Give a seed the pseudorandom number generator, see L<perlfunc/srand>.
-
-=item sscanf
-
-sscanf() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead,
-see L<perlre>.
-
-=item stat
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<stat()> function
-for returning information about files and directories.
-
-=item strcat
-
-strcat() is C-specific, use C<.=> instead, see L<perlop>.
-
-=item strchr
-
-strchr() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/index> instead.
-
-=item strcmp
-
-strcmp() is C-specific, use C<eq> or C<cmp> instead, see L<perlop>.
-
-=item strcoll
-
-This is identical to the C function C<strcoll()>
-for collating (comparing) strings transformed using
-the C<strxfrm()> function. Not really needed since
-Perl can do this transparently, see L<perllocale>.
-
-=item strcpy
-
-strcpy() is C-specific, use C<=> instead, see L<perlop>.
-
-=item strcspn
-
-strcspn() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead,
-see L<perlre>.
-
-=item strerror
-
-Returns the error string for the specified errno.
-Identical to the string form of the C<$!>, see L<perlvar/$ERRNO>.
-
-=item strftime
-
-Convert date and time information to string. Returns the string.
-
-Synopsis:
-
- strftime(fmt, sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday = -1, yday = -1, isdst = -1)
-
-The month (C<mon>), weekday (C<wday>), and yearday (C<yday>) begin at zero.
-I.e. January is 0, not 1; Sunday is 0, not 1; January 1st is 0, not 1. The
-year (C<year>) is given in years since 1900. I.e., the year 1995 is 95; the
-year 2001 is 101. Consult your system's C<strftime()> manpage for details
-about these and the other arguments.
-
-If you want your code to be portable, your format (C<fmt>) argument
-should use only the conversion specifiers defined by the ANSI C
-standard (C89, to play safe). These are C<aAbBcdHIjmMpSUwWxXyYZ%>.
-But even then, the B<results> of some of the conversion specifiers are
-non-portable. For example, the specifiers C<aAbBcpZ> change according
-to the locale settings of the user, and both how to set locales (the
-locale names) and what output to expect are non-standard.
-The specifier C<c> changes according to the timezone settings of the
-user and the timezone computation rules of the operating system.
-The C<Z> specifier is notoriously unportable since the names of
-timezones are non-standard. Sticking to the numeric specifiers is the
-safest route.
-
-The given arguments are made consistent as though by calling
-C<mktime()> before calling your system's C<strftime()> function,
-except that the C<isdst> value is not affected.
-
-The string for Tuesday, December 12, 1995.
-
- $str = POSIX::strftime( "%A, %B %d, %Y", 0, 0, 0, 12, 11, 95, 2 );
- print "$str\n";
-
-=item strlen
-
-strlen() is C-specific, use C<length()> instead, see L<perlfunc/length>.
-
-=item strncat
-
-strncat() is C-specific, use C<.=> instead, see L<perlop>.
-
-=item strncmp
-
-strncmp() is C-specific, use C<eq> instead, see L<perlop>.
-
-=item strncpy
-
-strncpy() is C-specific, use C<=> instead, see L<perlop>.
-
-=item strpbrk
-
-strpbrk() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead,
-see L<perlre>.
-
-=item strrchr
-
-strrchr() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/rindex> instead.
-
-=item strspn
-
-strspn() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead,
-see L<perlre>.
-
-=item strstr
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<index()> function,
-see L<perlfunc/index>.
-
-=item strtod
-
-String to double translation. Returns the parsed number and the number
-of characters in the unparsed portion of the string. Truly
-POSIX-compliant systems set $! ($ERRNO) to indicate a translation
-error, so clear $! before calling strtod. However, non-POSIX systems
-may not check for overflow, and therefore will never set $!.
-
-strtod should respect any POSIX I<setlocale()> settings.
-
-To parse a string $str as a floating point number use
-
- $! = 0;
- ($num, $n_unparsed) = POSIX::strtod($str);
-
-The second returned item and $! can be used to check for valid input:
-
- if (($str eq '') || ($n_unparsed != 0) || $!) {
- die "Non-numeric input $str" . ($! ? ": $!\n" : "\n");
- }
-
-When called in a scalar context strtod returns the parsed number.
-
-=item strtok
-
-strtok() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead, see
-L<perlre>, or L<perlfunc/split>.
-
-=item strtol
-
-String to (long) integer translation. Returns the parsed number and
-the number of characters in the unparsed portion of the string. Truly
-POSIX-compliant systems set $! ($ERRNO) to indicate a translation
-error, so clear $! before calling strtol. However, non-POSIX systems
-may not check for overflow, and therefore will never set $!.
-
-strtol should respect any POSIX I<setlocale()> settings.
-
-To parse a string $str as a number in some base $base use
-
- $! = 0;
- ($num, $n_unparsed) = POSIX::strtol($str, $base);
-
-The base should be zero or between 2 and 36, inclusive. When the base
-is zero or omitted strtol will use the string itself to determine the
-base: a leading "0x" or "0X" means hexadecimal; a leading "0" means
-octal; any other leading characters mean decimal. Thus, "1234" is
-parsed as a decimal number, "01234" as an octal number, and "0x1234"
-as a hexadecimal number.
-
-The second returned item and $! can be used to check for valid input:
-
- if (($str eq '') || ($n_unparsed != 0) || !$!) {
- die "Non-numeric input $str" . $! ? ": $!\n" : "\n";
- }
-
-When called in a scalar context strtol returns the parsed number.
-
-=item strtoul
-
-String to unsigned (long) integer translation. strtoul() is identical
-to strtol() except that strtoul() only parses unsigned integers. See
-L</strtol> for details.
-
-Note: Some vendors supply strtod() and strtol() but not strtoul().
-Other vendors that do supply strtoul() parse "-1" as a valid value.
-
-=item strxfrm
-
-String transformation. Returns the transformed string.
-
- $dst = POSIX::strxfrm( $src );
-
-Used in conjunction with the C<strcoll()> function, see L</strcoll>.
-
-Not really needed since Perl can do this transparently, see
-L<perllocale>.
-
-=item sysconf
-
-Retrieves values of system configurable variables.
-
-The following will get the machine's clock speed.
-
- $clock_ticks = POSIX::sysconf( &POSIX::_SC_CLK_TCK );
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure.
-
-=item system
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<system()> function, see
-L<perlfunc/system>.
-
-=item tan
-
-This is identical to the C function C<tan()>, returning the
-tangent of the numerical argument. See also L<Math::Trig>.
-
-=item tanh
-
-This is identical to the C function C<tanh()>, returning the
-hyperbolic tangent of the numerical argument. See also L<Math::Trig>.
-
-=item tcdrain
-
-This is similar to the C function C<tcdrain()> for draining
-the output queue of its argument stream.
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure.
-
-=item tcflow
-
-This is similar to the C function C<tcflow()> for controlling
-the flow of its argument stream.
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure.
-
-=item tcflush
-
-This is similar to the C function C<tcflush()> for flushing
-the I/O buffers of its argument stream.
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure.
-
-=item tcgetpgrp
-
-This is identical to the C function C<tcgetpgrp()> for returning the
-process group identifier of the foreground process group of the controlling
-terminal.
-
-=item tcsendbreak
-
-This is similar to the C function C<tcsendbreak()> for sending
-a break on its argument stream.
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure.
-
-=item tcsetpgrp
-
-This is similar to the C function C<tcsetpgrp()> for setting the
-process group identifier of the foreground process group of the controlling
-terminal.
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure.
-
-=item time
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<time()> function
-for returning the number of seconds since the epoch
-(whatever it is for the system), see L<perlfunc/time>.
-
-=item times
-
-The times() function returns elapsed realtime since some point in the past
-(such as system startup), user and system times for this process, and user
-and system times used by child processes. All times are returned in clock
-ticks.
-
- ($realtime, $user, $system, $cuser, $csystem) = POSIX::times();
-
-Note: Perl's builtin C<times()> function returns four values, measured in
-seconds.
-
-=item tmpfile
-
-Use method C<IO::File::new_tmpfile()> instead, or see L<File::Temp>.
-
-=item tmpnam
-
-Returns a name for a temporary file.
-
- $tmpfile = POSIX::tmpnam();
-
-For security reasons, which are probably detailed in your system's
-documentation for the C library tmpnam() function, this interface
-should not be used; instead see L<File::Temp>.
-
-=item tolower
-
-This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single
-character or to a whole string. Consider using the C<lc()> function,
-see L<perlfunc/lc>, or the equivalent C<\L> operator inside doublequotish
-strings.
-
-=item toupper
-
-This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single
-character or to a whole string. Consider using the C<uc()> function,
-see L<perlfunc/uc>, or the equivalent C<\U> operator inside doublequotish
-strings.
-
-=item ttyname
-
-This is identical to the C function C<ttyname()> for returning the
-name of the current terminal.
-
-=item tzname
-
-Retrieves the time conversion information from the C<tzname> variable.
-
- POSIX::tzset();
- ($std, $dst) = POSIX::tzname();
-
-=item tzset
-
-This is identical to the C function C<tzset()> for setting
-the current timezone based on the environment variable C<TZ>,
-to be used by C<ctime()>, C<localtime()>, C<mktime()>, and C<strftime()>
-functions.
-
-=item umask
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<umask()> function
-for setting (and querying) the file creation permission mask,
-see L<perlfunc/umask>.
-
-=item uname
-
-Get name of current operating system.
-
- ($sysname, $nodename, $release, $version, $machine) = POSIX::uname();
-
-Note that the actual meanings of the various fields are not
-that well standardized, do not expect any great portability.
-The C<$sysname> might be the name of the operating system,
-the C<$nodename> might be the name of the host, the C<$release>
-might be the (major) release number of the operating system,
-the C<$version> might be the (minor) release number of the
-operating system, and the C<$machine> might be a hardware identifier.
-Maybe.
-
-=item ungetc
-
-Use method C<IO::Handle::ungetc()> instead.
-
-=item unlink
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<unlink()> function
-for removing files, see L<perlfunc/unlink>.
-
-=item utime
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<utime()> function
-for changing the time stamps of files and directories,
-see L<perlfunc/utime>.
-
-=item vfprintf
-
-vfprintf() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/printf> instead.
-
-=item vprintf
-
-vprintf() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/printf> instead.
-
-=item vsprintf
-
-vsprintf() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/sprintf> instead.
-
-=item wait
-
-This is identical to Perl's builtin C<wait()> function,
-see L<perlfunc/wait>.
-
-=item waitpid
-
-Wait for a child process to change state. This is identical to Perl's
-builtin C<waitpid()> function, see L<perlfunc/waitpid>.
-
- $pid = POSIX::waitpid( -1, POSIX::WNOHANG );
- print "status = ", ($? / 256), "\n";
-
-=item wcstombs
-
-This is identical to the C function C<wcstombs()>.
-Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte
-characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather
-useless function.
-
-=item wctomb
-
-This is identical to the C function C<wctomb()>.
-Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte
-characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather
-useless function.
-
-=item write
-
-Write to a file. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by
-calling C<POSIX::open>.
-
- $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_WRONLY );
- $buf = "hello";
- $bytes = POSIX::write( $fd, $buf, 5 );
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure.
-
-See also L<perlfunc/syswrite>.
-
-=back
-
-=head1 CLASSES
-
-=head2 POSIX::SigAction
-
-=over 8
-
-=item new
-
-Creates a new C<POSIX::SigAction> object which corresponds to the C
-C<struct sigaction>. This object will be destroyed automatically when
-it is no longer needed. The first parameter is the handler, a sub
-reference. The second parameter is a C<POSIX::SigSet> object, it
-defaults to the empty set. The third parameter contains the
-C<sa_flags>, it defaults to 0.
-
- $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new(SIGINT, SIGQUIT);
- $sigaction = POSIX::SigAction->new( \&handler, $sigset, &POSIX::SA_NOCLDSTOP );
-
-This C<POSIX::SigAction> object is intended for use with the C<POSIX::sigaction()>
-function.
-
-=back
-
-=over 8
-
-=item handler
-
-=item mask
-
-=item flags
-
-accessor functions to get/set the values of a SigAction object.
-
- $sigset = $sigaction->mask;
- $sigaction->flags(&POSIX::SA_RESTART);
-
-=item safe
-
-accessor function for the "safe signals" flag of a SigAction object; see
-L<perlipc> for general information on safe (a.k.a. "deferred") signals. If
-you wish to handle a signal safely, use this accessor to set the "safe" flag
-in the C<POSIX::SigAction> object:
-
- $sigaction->safe(1);
-
-You may also examine the "safe" flag on the output action object which is
-filled in when given as the third parameter to C<POSIX::sigaction()>:
-
- sigaction(SIGINT, $new_action, $old_action);
- if ($old_action->safe) {
- # previous SIGINT handler used safe signals
- }
-
-=back
-
-=head2 POSIX::SigRt
-
-=over 8
-
-=item %SIGRT
-
-A hash of the POSIX realtime signal handlers. It is an extension of
-the standard %SIG, the $POSIX::SIGRT{SIGRTMIN} is roughly equivalent
-to $SIG{SIGRTMIN}, but the right POSIX moves (see below) are made with
-the POSIX::SigSet and POSIX::sigaction instead of accessing the %SIG.
-
-You can set the %POSIX::SIGRT elements to set the POSIX realtime
-signal handlers, use C<delete> and C<exists> on the elements, and use
-C<scalar> on the C<%POSIX::SIGRT> to find out how many POSIX realtime
-signals there are available (SIGRTMAX - SIGRTMIN + 1, the SIGRTMAX is
-a valid POSIX realtime signal).
-
-Setting the %SIGRT elements is equivalent to calling this:
-
- sub new {
- my ($rtsig, $handler, $flags) = @_;
- my $sigset = POSIX::SigSet($rtsig);
- my $sigact = POSIX::SigAction->new($handler, $sigset, $flags);
- sigaction($rtsig, $sigact);
- }
-
-The flags default to zero, if you want something different you can
-either use C<local> on $POSIX::SigRt::SIGACTION_FLAGS, or you can
-derive from POSIX::SigRt and define your own C<new()> (the tied hash
-STORE method of the %SIGRT calls C<new($rtsig, $handler, $SIGACTION_FLAGS)>,
-where the $rtsig ranges from zero to SIGRTMAX - SIGRTMIN + 1).
-
-Just as with any signal, you can use sigaction($rtsig, undef, $oa) to
-retrieve the installed signal handler (or, rather, the signal action).
-
-B<NOTE:> whether POSIX realtime signals really work in your system, or
-whether Perl has been compiled so that it works with them, is outside
-of this discussion.
-
-=item SIGRTMIN
-
-Return the minimum POSIX realtime signal number available, or C<undef>
-if no POSIX realtime signals are available.
-
-=item SIGRTMAX
-
-Return the maximum POSIX realtime signal number available, or C<undef>
-if no POSIX realtime signals are available.
-
-=back
-
-=head2 POSIX::SigSet
-
-=over 8
-
-=item new
-
-Create a new SigSet object. This object will be destroyed automatically
-when it is no longer needed. Arguments may be supplied to initialize the
-set.
-
-Create an empty set.
-
- $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new;
-
-Create a set with SIGUSR1.
-
- $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 );
-
-=item addset
-
-Add a signal to a SigSet object.
-
- $sigset->addset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 );
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure.
-
-=item delset
-
-Remove a signal from the SigSet object.
-
- $sigset->delset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 );
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure.
-
-=item emptyset
-
-Initialize the SigSet object to be empty.
-
- $sigset->emptyset();
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure.
-
-=item fillset
-
-Initialize the SigSet object to include all signals.
-
- $sigset->fillset();
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure.
-
-=item ismember
-
-Tests the SigSet object to see if it contains a specific signal.
-
- if( $sigset->ismember( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 ) ){
- print "contains SIGUSR1\n";
- }
-
-=back
-
-=head2 POSIX::Termios
-
-=over 8
-
-=item new
-
-Create a new Termios object. This object will be destroyed automatically
-when it is no longer needed. A Termios object corresponds to the termios
-C struct. new() mallocs a new one, getattr() fills it from a file descriptor,
-and setattr() sets a file descriptor's parameters to match Termios' contents.
-
- $termios = POSIX::Termios->new;
-
-=item getattr
-
-Get terminal control attributes.
-
-Obtain the attributes for stdin.
-
- $termios->getattr( 0 ) # Recommended for clarity.
- $termios->getattr()
-
-Obtain the attributes for stdout.
-
- $termios->getattr( 1 )
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure.
-
-=item getcc
-
-Retrieve a value from the c_cc field of a termios object. The c_cc field is
-an array so an index must be specified.
-
- $c_cc[1] = $termios->getcc(1);
-
-=item getcflag
-
-Retrieve the c_cflag field of a termios object.
-
- $c_cflag = $termios->getcflag;
-
-=item getiflag
-
-Retrieve the c_iflag field of a termios object.
-
- $c_iflag = $termios->getiflag;
-
-=item getispeed
-
-Retrieve the input baud rate.
-
- $ispeed = $termios->getispeed;
-
-=item getlflag
-
-Retrieve the c_lflag field of a termios object.
-
- $c_lflag = $termios->getlflag;
-
-=item getoflag
-
-Retrieve the c_oflag field of a termios object.
-
- $c_oflag = $termios->getoflag;
-
-=item getospeed
-
-Retrieve the output baud rate.
-
- $ospeed = $termios->getospeed;
-
-=item setattr
-
-Set terminal control attributes.
-
-Set attributes immediately for stdout.
-
- $termios->setattr( 1, &POSIX::TCSANOW );
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure.
-
-=item setcc
-
-Set a value in the c_cc field of a termios object. The c_cc field is an
-array so an index must be specified.
-
- $termios->setcc( &POSIX::VEOF, 1 );
-
-=item setcflag
-
-Set the c_cflag field of a termios object.
-
- $termios->setcflag( $c_cflag | &POSIX::CLOCAL );
-
-=item setiflag
-
-Set the c_iflag field of a termios object.
-
- $termios->setiflag( $c_iflag | &POSIX::BRKINT );
-
-=item setispeed
-
-Set the input baud rate.
-
- $termios->setispeed( &POSIX::B9600 );
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure.
-
-=item setlflag
-
-Set the c_lflag field of a termios object.
-
- $termios->setlflag( $c_lflag | &POSIX::ECHO );
-
-=item setoflag
-
-Set the c_oflag field of a termios object.
-
- $termios->setoflag( $c_oflag | &POSIX::OPOST );
-
-=item setospeed
-
-Set the output baud rate.
-
- $termios->setospeed( &POSIX::B9600 );
-
-Returns C<undef> on failure.
-
-=item Baud rate values
-
-B38400 B75 B200 B134 B300 B1800 B150 B0 B19200 B1200 B9600 B600 B4800 B50 B2400 B110
-
-=item Terminal interface values
-
-TCSADRAIN TCSANOW TCOON TCIOFLUSH TCOFLUSH TCION TCIFLUSH TCSAFLUSH TCIOFF TCOOFF
-
-=item c_cc field values
-
-VEOF VEOL VERASE VINTR VKILL VQUIT VSUSP VSTART VSTOP VMIN VTIME NCCS
-
-=item c_cflag field values
-
-CLOCAL CREAD CSIZE CS5 CS6 CS7 CS8 CSTOPB HUPCL PARENB PARODD
-
-=item c_iflag field values
-
-BRKINT ICRNL IGNBRK IGNCR IGNPAR INLCR INPCK ISTRIP IXOFF IXON PARMRK
-
-=item c_lflag field values
-
-ECHO ECHOE ECHOK ECHONL ICANON IEXTEN ISIG NOFLSH TOSTOP
-
-=item c_oflag field values
-
-OPOST
-
-=back
-
-=head1 PATHNAME CONSTANTS
-
-=over 8
-
-=item Constants
-
-_PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED _PC_LINK_MAX _PC_MAX_CANON _PC_MAX_INPUT _PC_NAME_MAX _PC_NO_TRUNC _PC_PATH_MAX _PC_PIPE_BUF _PC_VDISABLE
-
-=back
-
-=head1 POSIX CONSTANTS
-
-=over 8
-
-=item Constants
-
-_POSIX_ARG_MAX _POSIX_CHILD_MAX _POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED _POSIX_JOB_CONTROL _POSIX_LINK_MAX _POSIX_MAX_CANON _POSIX_MAX_INPUT _POSIX_NAME_MAX _POSIX_NGROUPS_MAX _POSIX_NO_TRUNC _POSIX_OPEN_MAX _POSIX_PATH_MAX _POSIX_PIPE_BUF _POSIX_SAVED_IDS _POSIX_SSIZE_MAX _POSIX_STREAM_MAX _POSIX_TZNAME_MAX _POSIX_VDISABLE _POSIX_VERSION
-
-=back
-
-=head1 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
-
-=over 8
-
-=item Constants
-
-_SC_ARG_MAX _SC_CHILD_MAX _SC_CLK_TCK _SC_JOB_CONTROL _SC_NGROUPS_MAX _SC_OPEN_MAX _SC_PAGESIZE _SC_SAVED_IDS _SC_STREAM_MAX _SC_TZNAME_MAX _SC_VERSION
-
-=back
-
-=head1 ERRNO
-
-=over 8
-
-=item Constants
-
-E2BIG EACCES EADDRINUSE EADDRNOTAVAIL EAFNOSUPPORT EAGAIN EALREADY EBADF
-EBUSY ECHILD ECONNABORTED ECONNREFUSED ECONNRESET EDEADLK EDESTADDRREQ
-EDOM EDQUOT EEXIST EFAULT EFBIG EHOSTDOWN EHOSTUNREACH EINPROGRESS EINTR
-EINVAL EIO EISCONN EISDIR ELOOP EMFILE EMLINK EMSGSIZE ENAMETOOLONG
-ENETDOWN ENETRESET ENETUNREACH ENFILE ENOBUFS ENODEV ENOENT ENOEXEC
-ENOLCK ENOMEM ENOPROTOOPT ENOSPC ENOSYS ENOTBLK ENOTCONN ENOTDIR
-ENOTEMPTY ENOTSOCK ENOTTY ENXIO EOPNOTSUPP EPERM EPFNOSUPPORT EPIPE
-EPROCLIM EPROTONOSUPPORT EPROTOTYPE ERANGE EREMOTE ERESTART EROFS
-ESHUTDOWN ESOCKTNOSUPPORT ESPIPE ESRCH ESTALE ETIMEDOUT ETOOMANYREFS
-ETXTBSY EUSERS EWOULDBLOCK EXDEV
-
-=back
-
-=head1 FCNTL
-
-=over 8
-
-=item Constants
-
-FD_CLOEXEC F_DUPFD F_GETFD F_GETFL F_GETLK F_OK F_RDLCK F_SETFD F_SETFL F_SETLK F_SETLKW F_UNLCK F_WRLCK O_ACCMODE O_APPEND O_CREAT O_EXCL O_NOCTTY O_NONBLOCK O_RDONLY O_RDWR O_TRUNC O_WRONLY
-
-=back
-
-=head1 FLOAT
-
-=over 8
-
-=item Constants
-
-DBL_DIG DBL_EPSILON DBL_MANT_DIG DBL_MAX DBL_MAX_10_EXP DBL_MAX_EXP DBL_MIN DBL_MIN_10_EXP DBL_MIN_EXP FLT_DIG FLT_EPSILON FLT_MANT_DIG FLT_MAX FLT_MAX_10_EXP FLT_MAX_EXP FLT_MIN FLT_MIN_10_EXP FLT_MIN_EXP FLT_RADIX FLT_ROUNDS LDBL_DIG LDBL_EPSILON LDBL_MANT_DIG LDBL_MAX LDBL_MAX_10_EXP LDBL_MAX_EXP LDBL_MIN LDBL_MIN_10_EXP LDBL_MIN_EXP
-
-=back
-
-=head1 LIMITS
-
-=over 8
-
-=item Constants
-
-ARG_MAX CHAR_BIT CHAR_MAX CHAR_MIN CHILD_MAX INT_MAX INT_MIN LINK_MAX LONG_MAX LONG_MIN MAX_CANON MAX_INPUT MB_LEN_MAX NAME_MAX NGROUPS_MAX OPEN_MAX PATH_MAX PIPE_BUF SCHAR_MAX SCHAR_MIN SHRT_MAX SHRT_MIN SSIZE_MAX STREAM_MAX TZNAME_MAX UCHAR_MAX UINT_MAX ULONG_MAX USHRT_MAX
-
-=back
-
-=head1 LOCALE
-
-=over 8
-
-=item Constants
-
-LC_ALL LC_COLLATE LC_CTYPE LC_MONETARY LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME
-
-=back
-
-=head1 MATH
-
-=over 8
-
-=item Constants
-
-HUGE_VAL
-
-=back
-
-=head1 SIGNAL
-
-=over 8
-
-=item Constants
-
-SA_NOCLDSTOP SA_NOCLDWAIT SA_NODEFER SA_ONSTACK SA_RESETHAND SA_RESTART
-SA_SIGINFO SIGABRT SIGALRM SIGCHLD SIGCONT SIGFPE SIGHUP SIGILL SIGINT
-SIGKILL SIGPIPE SIGQUIT SIGSEGV SIGSTOP SIGTERM SIGTSTP SIGTTIN SIGTTOU
-SIGUSR1 SIGUSR2 SIG_BLOCK SIG_DFL SIG_ERR SIG_IGN SIG_SETMASK
-SIG_UNBLOCK
-
-=back
-
-=head1 STAT
-
-=over 8
-
-=item Constants
-
-S_IRGRP S_IROTH S_IRUSR S_IRWXG S_IRWXO S_IRWXU S_ISGID S_ISUID S_IWGRP S_IWOTH S_IWUSR S_IXGRP S_IXOTH S_IXUSR
-
-=item Macros
-
-S_ISBLK S_ISCHR S_ISDIR S_ISFIFO S_ISREG
-
-=back
-
-=head1 STDLIB
-
-=over 8
-
-=item Constants
-
-EXIT_FAILURE EXIT_SUCCESS MB_CUR_MAX RAND_MAX
-
-=back
-
-=head1 STDIO
-
-=over 8
-
-=item Constants
-
-BUFSIZ EOF FILENAME_MAX L_ctermid L_cuserid L_tmpname TMP_MAX
-
-=back
-
-=head1 TIME
-
-=over 8
-
-=item Constants
-
-CLK_TCK CLOCKS_PER_SEC
-
-=back
-
-=head1 UNISTD
-
-=over 8
-
-=item Constants
-
-R_OK SEEK_CUR SEEK_END SEEK_SET STDIN_FILENO STDOUT_FILENO STDERR_FILENO W_OK X_OK
-
-=back
-
-=head1 WAIT
-
-=over 8
-
-=item Constants
-
-WNOHANG WUNTRACED
-
-=over 16
-
-=item WNOHANG
-
-Do not suspend the calling process until a child process
-changes state but instead return immediately.
-
-=item WUNTRACED
-
-Catch stopped child processes.
-
-=back
-
-=item Macros
-
-WIFEXITED WEXITSTATUS WIFSIGNALED WTERMSIG WIFSTOPPED WSTOPSIG
-
-=over 16
-
-=item WIFEXITED
-
-WIFEXITED(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}) returns true if the child process
-exited normally (C<exit()> or by falling off the end of C<main()>)
-
-=item WEXITSTATUS
-
-WEXITSTATUS(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}) returns the normal exit status of
-the child process (only meaningful if WIFEXITED(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE})
-is true)
-
-=item WIFSIGNALED
-
-WIFSIGNALED(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}) returns true if the child process
-terminated because of a signal
-
-=item WTERMSIG
-
-WTERMSIG(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}) returns the signal the child process
-terminated for (only meaningful if WIFSIGNALED(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE})
-is true)
-
-=item WIFSTOPPED
-
-WIFSTOPPED(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}) returns true if the child process is
-currently stopped (can happen only if you specified the WUNTRACED flag
-to waitpid())
-
-=item WSTOPSIG
-
-WSTOPSIG(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}) returns the signal the child process
-was stopped for (only meaningful if WIFSTOPPED(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE})
-is true)
-
-=back
-
-=back
-