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1 files changed, 968 insertions, 1206 deletions
diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html b/Master/texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html
index 3d74a3aa9ae..db13d9fec9b 100644
--- a/Master/texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html
+++ b/Master/texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
<title>Web2c: A TeX implementation</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html">
<meta name="description" content="Web2c: A TeX implementation">
-<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.12">
+<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.13">
<link title="Top" rel="top" href="#Top">
<link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage">
<!--
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ This file documents the installation and use of the programs in Web2c,
an implementation of Donald Knuth's TeX system.
Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003,
-2004, 2005, 2007 Karl Berry & Olaf Weber.
+2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009 Karl Berry & Olaf Weber.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
@@ -88,8 +88,9 @@ except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation-->
<li><a href="#TCX-files">4.4.2 TCX files: Character translations</a>
<li><a href="#patgen-invocation">4.4.3 Patgen: Creating hyphenation patterns</a>
</li></ul>
-<li><a href="#IPC-and-TeX">4.5 IPC and TeX</a>
-<li><a href="#TeX-extensions">4.6 TeX extensions</a>
+<li><a href="#Shell-escapes">4.5 Shell escapes</a>
+<li><a href="#IPC-and-TeX">4.6 IPC and TeX</a>
+<li><a href="#TeX-extensions">4.7 TeX extensions</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Metafont" href="#Metafont">5 Metafont: Creating typeface families</a>
<ul>
@@ -104,11 +105,7 @@ except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation-->
<ul>
<li><a href="#mpost-invocation">6.1 <code>mpost</code> invocation</a>
<li><a href="#Initial-MetaPost">6.2 Initial MetaPost</a>
-<li><a href="#makempx-invocation">6.3 MakeMPX: Support MetaPost labels</a>
-<li><a href="#dvitomp-invocation">6.4 DVItoMP: DVI to MPX conversion</a>
-<li><a href="#dmp-invocation">6.5 DMP: Ditroff to MPX conversion</a>
-<li><a href="#mpto-invocation">6.6 MPto: Extract labels from MetaPost input</a>
-<li><a href="#newer-invocation">6.7 Newer: Compare file modification times</a>
+<li><a href="#dvitomp-invocation">6.3 DVItoMP: DVI to MPX conversion</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_BibTeX" href="#BibTeX">7 BibTeX: Bibliographies</a>
<ul>
@@ -151,8 +148,8 @@ except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation-->
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Top"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Introduction">Introduction</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#dir">(dir)</a>
@@ -162,8 +159,8 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#dir">(dir)</a>
<p>This document describes how to install and use the programs in the Web2c
implementation of the TeX system, especially for Unix systems. It
-corresponds to Web2c version 7.5.7, released in
-July 2008.
+corresponds to Web2c version 2009, released in
+July 2009.
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Introduction">Introduction</a>: A brief introduction.
@@ -182,8 +179,8 @@ July 2008.
</ul>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Introduction"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Installation">Installation</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Top">Top</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
@@ -193,8 +190,8 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<h2 class="chapter">1 Introduction</h2>
<p><a name="index-introduction-1"></a>
-This manual corresponds to version 7.5.7 of Web2c, released in
-July 2008.
+This manual corresponds to version 2009 of Web2c, released in
+July 2009.
<p><a name="index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e-2"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-Web2c-implementation-of-3"></a><a name="index-Hobby_002c-John-4"></a><a name="index-Breitenlohner_002c-Peter-5"></a><dfn>Web2c</dfn> is the name of a TeX implementation, originally for Unix,
but now also running under DOS, Amiga, and other operating systems. By
@@ -239,7 +236,7 @@ other people have contributed; their names are listed in the
<samp><span class="file">ChangeLog</span></samp> files.
<p><a name="index-acknowledgements-19"></a><a name="index-Martin_002c-Rick-20"></a><a name="index-Morris_002c-Bob-21"></a><a name="index-Stallman_002c-Richard-22"></a>Other acknowledgements: The University of Massachusetts at Boston
-(particularly Rick Martin and Bob Morris) has provided computers and ftp
+(particularly Rick Martin and Bob Morris) provided computers and ftp
access to me for many years. Richard Stallman at the Free Software
Foundation employed me while I wrote the original path searching library
(for the GNU font utilities). (rms also gave us Emacs, GDB, and GCC,
@@ -249,8 +246,8 @@ TeX would not exist in the first place without Donald E. Knuth.
<p><a name="index-reading_002c-additional-23"></a>Further reading: See <a href="#References">References</a>.
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Installation"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Commonalities">Commonalities</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Introduction">Introduction</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
@@ -308,8 +305,8 @@ as described in the first section below.
</ul>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="configure-options"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
@@ -349,9 +346,9 @@ enabled. See <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a>.
</dl>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Compile-time-options"></a>
<a name="Compile_002dtime-options"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#configure-options">configure options</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
@@ -385,8 +382,8 @@ otherwise.
</dl>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Additional-targets"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
@@ -424,8 +421,8 @@ Make or install the Metafont <samp><span class="file">.base</span></samp> files.
</dl>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Triptrap"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
@@ -471,8 +468,8 @@ run &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">make check</span></samp>&rsquo;. You can co
file <samp><span class="file">tests/check.log</span></samp> if you like.
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Runtime-options"></a>
+<p><hr>
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
@@ -517,8 +514,8 @@ the other hand, the Web2c BibTeX implementation does do dynamic
reallocation of some arrays.)
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Commonalities"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#TeX">TeX</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Installation">Installation</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
@@ -540,8 +537,8 @@ program, so we describe all those pieces together, here.
</ul>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Option-conventions"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Common-options">Common options</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Commonalities">Commonalities</a>
@@ -582,8 +579,8 @@ option; and specifies the filename <samp><span class="file">-myfile-</span></sam
<pre class="example"> -foo --bar -verb -abc=baz -quux karl --quux xyz -- -myfile-
</pre>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Common-options"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Commonalities">Commonalities</a>
@@ -680,8 +677,8 @@ OEM code page rather than the ANSI one to display their messages.
</dl>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Path-searching"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Common-options">Common options</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Commonalities">Commonalities</a>
@@ -707,8 +704,8 @@ aliases for many widely available PostScript fonts by their PostScript
names.
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Output-file-location"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Commonalities">Commonalities</a>
@@ -737,8 +734,8 @@ BibTeX) make an exception: if the config file value
written to the directory specified.
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Three-programs"></a>
+<p><hr>
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Commonalities">Commonalities</a>
@@ -761,8 +758,8 @@ control some array sizes and other features are described in
</ul>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Initial-and-virgin"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a>
@@ -793,8 +790,8 @@ because it must do lengthy initializations that are encapsulated in the
memory dump file.
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Memory-dumps"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a>
@@ -816,8 +813,8 @@ code.
</ul>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Creating-memory-dumps"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>
@@ -855,8 +852,8 @@ pointing to an old one, for example, you will probably run into
difficulties.
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Creating-memory-dumps">Creating memory dumps</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>
@@ -902,8 +899,8 @@ foo</span></samp>&rsquo;, <samp><span class="file">latex.fmt</span></samp> will
</ol>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Hardware-and-memory-dumps"></a>
+<p><hr>
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>
@@ -967,8 +964,8 @@ Jr. (see <a href="#References">References</a>).
}
</pre>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Editor-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a>
@@ -992,9 +989,9 @@ not specified, the default is <code>vi +%d %s</code>.
and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%s</span></samp>&rsquo; is replaced by the name of the current input file.
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="%5cinput-filenames"></a>
<a name="g_t_005cinput-filenames"></a>
+<p><hr>
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a>
@@ -1069,8 +1066,8 @@ suggestions above.) The place where they are most likely to be useful
is when typing interactively.
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="TeX"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Commonalities">Commonalities</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
@@ -1097,13 +1094,14 @@ otherwise, are available.
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a>: Making format files.
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Formats">Formats</a>: Major TeX macro packages.
<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a>: TeX supports many human languages.
-<li><a accesskey="5" href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a>: DVI output to a socket.
-<li><a accesskey="6" href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a>: Changes to the TeX language.
+<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a>: DVI output to a socket.
+<li><a accesskey="6" href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a>: DVI output to a socket.
+<li><a accesskey="7" href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a>: Changes to the TeX language.
</ul>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="tex-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX">TeX</a>
@@ -1200,8 +1198,8 @@ opens a server program at the other end to read the output. See <a href="#IPC-a
specified to <code>configure</code> during installation of Web2c.
<br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-mktex=</span><var>filetype</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-no-mktex=</span><var>filetype</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-253"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dno_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-254"></a>Turn on or off the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mktex</span></samp>&rsquo; script associated with <var>filetype</var>.
-The only values that make sense for <var>filetype</var> are &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">tex</span></samp>&rsquo; and
-&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">tfm</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+For TeX proper, <var>filetype</var> can only be &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">tex</span></samp>&rsquo; and
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">tfm</span></samp>&rsquo;, but for pdfTeX and luaTeX, it can also be &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>&rsquo;.
<br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-mltex</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmltex-255"></a><a name="index-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-enabling-256"></a><a name="index-program-names_002c-special-257"></a>If we are <code>INITEX</code> (see <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>), enable MLTeX
extensions such as <code>\charsubdef</code>. Implicitly set if the program
@@ -1213,24 +1211,15 @@ regression testing, you may not want the DVI file to have this spurious
difference. This is also taken from the environment variable and
config file value &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">output_comment</span></samp>&rsquo;.
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-shell-escape</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dshell_002descape-262"></a><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-no-shell-escape</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dno_002dshell_002descape-263"></a><a name="index-shell-commands-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-264"></a><a name="index-Bourne-shell-commands-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-265"></a><a name="index-shell_005fescape-_0040r_007benabling-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-266"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cimmediate_005cwrite18-267"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cwrite18-_0040r_007bshell-escape-extension_007d-268"></a><a name="index-system-_0040r_007bC-library-function_007d-269"></a><a name="index-security_002c-and-shell-escapes-270"></a>Enable (or disable) the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\write18{</span><var>shell-command</var><span class="samp">}</span></samp>&rsquo;
-feature. This is also enabled if the environment variable or config
-file value &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">shell_escape</span></samp>&rsquo; is set to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">t</span></samp>&rsquo; (but the
-&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-no-shell-escape</span></samp>&rsquo; command line option overrides this). (For
-backwards compatibility, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">y</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">1</span></samp>&rsquo; are accepted as
-synonyms of &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">t</span></samp>&rsquo;). It is disabled by default to avoid security
-problems. When enabled, the <var>shell-command</var> string (which first
-undergoes the usual TeX expansions, just as in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>&rsquo;) is
-passed to the command shell (via the C library function
-&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">system</span></samp>&rsquo;). The output of <var>shell-command</var> is not diverted
-anywhere, so it will not appear in the log file. The system call
-either happens at &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\output</span></samp>&rsquo; time or right away, according to the
-absence or presence of the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\immediate</span></samp>&rsquo; prefix, as usual for
-<code>\write</code>. (If you as a TeX administrator wish to implement
-more stringent rules on what can be executed, you will need to modify
-<samp><span class="file">tex.ch</span></samp>.)
-
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-src-specials</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-src-specials=</span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-generating-source-specials-271"></a>This option makes TeX output specific source information using
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-shell-escape</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dshell_002descape-262"></a><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-no-shell-escape</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dno_002dshell_002descape-263"></a><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-shell-restricted</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dshell_002drestricted-264"></a>Enable, or disable, or enable with restrictions the
+<code>\write18{</code><var>shell-command</var><code>}</code> feature for external executing
+shell commands. See <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a>.
+
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-enable-write18</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002denable_002dwrite18-265"></a><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-disable-write18</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ddisable_002dwrite18-266"></a>Synonyms for <samp><span class="option">-shell-escape</span></samp> and <samp><span class="option">-no-shell-escape</span></samp>, for
+compatibility with MiKTeX. (MiKTeX also accepts both pairs of
+options.) See <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a>.
+
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-src-specials</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-src-specials=</span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-generating-source-specials-267"></a>This option makes TeX output specific source information using
&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>&rsquo; commands in the DVI file. These &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>&rsquo; track
the current file name and line number.
@@ -1265,8 +1254,8 @@ hard-coded to always use the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></sa
</dl>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Initial-TeX"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Formats">Formats</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX">TeX</a>
@@ -1275,8 +1264,8 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX">TeX</a>
<h3 class="section">4.2 Initial TeX</h3>
-<p><a name="index-initial-_0040TeX_007b_007d-272"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-initial-273"></a>
-<a name="index-g_t_002efmt-274"></a><a name="index-fmt-files-275"></a>The <dfn>initial</dfn> form of TeX is invoked by &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">tex -ini</span></samp>&rsquo;. It
+<p><a name="index-initial-_0040TeX_007b_007d-268"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-initial-269"></a>
+<a name="index-g_t_002efmt-270"></a><a name="index-fmt-files-271"></a>The <dfn>initial</dfn> form of TeX is invoked by &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">tex -ini</span></samp>&rsquo;. It
does lengthy initializations avoided by the &ldquo;virgin&rdquo; (<code>vir</code>)
form, so as to be capable of dumping &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.fmt</span></samp>&rsquo; files (see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>). For a detailed comparison of virgin and initial forms,
see <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>. In past releases, a separate program
@@ -1285,7 +1274,7 @@ no longer the case.
<p>For a list of options and other information, see <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a>.
- <p><a name="index-plain_002efmt-276"></a><a name="index-tex_002efmt-277"></a><a name="index-format-files-278"></a>Unlike Metafont and MetaPost, many format files are commonly used with
+ <p><a name="index-plain_002efmt-272"></a><a name="index-tex_002efmt-273"></a><a name="index-format-files-274"></a>Unlike Metafont and MetaPost, many format files are commonly used with
TeX. The standard one implementing the features described in the
<cite>TeXbook</cite> is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">plain.fmt</span></samp>&rsquo;, also known as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">tex.fmt</span></samp>&rsquo;
(again, see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>). It is created by default during
@@ -1305,8 +1294,8 @@ formats: <tt>plain latex amstex texinfo eplain</tt>. See <a href="#Formats">For
more details on TeX formats.
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Formats"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX">TeX</a>
@@ -1315,7 +1304,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX">TeX</a>
<h3 class="section">4.3 Formats</h3>
-<p><a name="index-formats-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-279"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-format-packages-for-280"></a><a name="index-macro-packages_002c-major-_0040TeX_007b_007d-281"></a>
+<p><a name="index-formats-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-275"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-format-packages-for-276"></a><a name="index-macro-packages_002c-major-_0040TeX_007b_007d-277"></a>
TeX <dfn>formats</dfn> are large collections of macros, often dumped
into a <samp><span class="file">.fmt</span></samp> file (see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>) by <code>tex -ini</code>
(see <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a>). A number of formats are in reasonably
@@ -1332,7 +1321,7 @@ contains most of these formats (although perhaps not the absolute latest
version), among other things.
<dl>
-<dt><tt>latex</tt><dd><a name="index-g_t_0040LaTeX_007b_007d-282"></a>The most widely used format. The current release is named `LaTeX
+<dt><tt>latex</tt><dd><a name="index-g_t_0040LaTeX_007b_007d-278"></a>The most widely used format. The current release is named `LaTeX
2e'; new versions are released approximately every six months, with
patches issued as needed. The old release was called `LaTeX 2.09',
and is no longer maintained or supported. LaTeX attempts to provide
@@ -1346,35 +1335,35 @@ interactive PDF files and has integrated MetaPost support, among many
other interesting features. The ConTeXt home page:
<a href="http://www.pragma-ade.com">http://www.pragma-ade.com</a>.
- <br><dt><tt>amstex</tt><dd><a name="index-AMS_0040TeX_007b_007d-283"></a><a name="index-American-Mathematical-Society_002c-typesetting-system-284"></a><a name="index-Mathematical-Reviews-285"></a>The official typesetting system of the American Mathematical Society.
+ <br><dt><tt>amstex</tt><dd><a name="index-AMS_0040TeX_007b_007d-279"></a><a name="index-American-Mathematical-Society_002c-typesetting-system-280"></a><a name="index-Mathematical-Reviews-281"></a>The official typesetting system of the American Mathematical Society.
Like LaTeX, it encourages generic markup commands. The AMS also
provides many LaTeX package for authors who prefer LaTeX. Taken
together, they are used to produce nearly all AMS publications, e.g.,
<cite>Mathematical Reviews</cite>. The AMSTeX home page:
<a href="http://www.ams.org/tex">http://www.ams.org/tex</a>.
- <br><dt><tt>texinfo</tt><dd><a name="index-Texinfo-286"></a><a name="index-Info-format-287"></a><a name="index-Free-Software-Foundation-documentation-system-288"></a>The documentation system developed and maintained by the Free Software
+ <br><dt><tt>texinfo</tt><dd><a name="index-Texinfo-282"></a><a name="index-Info-format-283"></a><a name="index-Free-Software-Foundation-documentation-system-284"></a>The documentation system developed and maintained by the Free Software
Foundation for their software manuals. It can be automatically
converted into plain text, a machine-readable on-line format called
`info', HTML, etc. The Texinfo home page:
<a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo">http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo</a>.
- <br><dt><tt>eplain</tt><dd><a name="index-Eplain-289"></a><a name="index-expanded-plain-format-290"></a>The &ldquo;expanded plain&rdquo; format provides various common features (e.g.,
+ <br><dt><tt>eplain</tt><dd><a name="index-Eplain-285"></a><a name="index-expanded-plain-format-286"></a>The &ldquo;expanded plain&rdquo; format provides various common features (e.g.,
symbolic cross-referencing, tables of contents, indexing, citations
using BibTeX), for those authors who prefer to handle their own
high-level formatting. The Eplain home page:
<a href="http://www.tug.org/eplain">http://www.tug.org/eplain</a>.
- <br><dt><tt>slitex</tt><dd><a name="index-Sli_0040TeX_007b_007d-291"></a><a name="index-slides_002c-producing-292"></a>An obsolete LaTeX 2.09 format for making slides. It is replaced by
+ <br><dt><tt>slitex</tt><dd><a name="index-Sli_0040TeX_007b_007d-287"></a><a name="index-slides_002c-producing-288"></a>An obsolete LaTeX 2.09 format for making slides. It is replaced by
the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">slides</span></samp>&rsquo; document class, along with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">beamer</span></samp>&rsquo;,
&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">texpower</span></samp>&rsquo;, and other packages.
</dl>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Languages-and-hyphenation"></a>
-Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a>,
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Formats">Formats</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX">TeX</a>
@@ -1382,7 +1371,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX">TeX</a>
<h3 class="section">4.4 Languages and hyphenation</h3>
-<p><a name="index-language-support-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-293"></a><a name="index-human-languages_002c-supported-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-294"></a><a name="index-hyphenation-and-languages-295"></a>
+<p><a name="index-language-support-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-289"></a><a name="index-human-languages_002c-supported-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-290"></a><a name="index-hyphenation-and-languages-291"></a>
TeX supports most natural languages. See also <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a>.
<ul class="menu">
@@ -1392,8 +1381,8 @@ TeX supports most natural languages. See also <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX ext
</ul>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="MLTeX"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#patgen-invocation">patgen invocation</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a>
@@ -1401,8 +1390,8 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages a
<h4 class="subsection">4.4.1 MLTeX: Multi-lingual TeX</h4>
-<p><a name="index-mltex-296"></a><a name="index-Multi_002dlingual-_0040TeX_007b_007d-297"></a>
-<a name="index-Ferguson_002c-Michael-298"></a><a name="index-Raichle_002c-Bernd-299"></a><a name="index-accents_002c-hyphenating-words-with-300"></a><a name="index-glyph-substitutions-301"></a><a name="index-substitutions-of-font-glyphs-302"></a>Multi-lingual TeX (<code>mltex</code>) is an extension of TeX originally
+<p><a name="index-mltex-292"></a><a name="index-Multi_002dlingual-_0040TeX_007b_007d-293"></a>
+<a name="index-Ferguson_002c-Michael-294"></a><a name="index-Raichle_002c-Bernd-295"></a><a name="index-accents_002c-hyphenating-words-with-296"></a><a name="index-glyph-substitutions-297"></a><a name="index-substitutions-of-font-glyphs-298"></a>Multi-lingual TeX (<code>mltex</code>) is an extension of TeX originally
written by Michael Ferguson and now updated and maintained by Bernd
Raichle. It allows the use of non-existing glyphs in a font by
declaring glyph substitutions. These are restricted to substitutions of
@@ -1431,9 +1420,9 @@ Aside from these, MLTeX is completely compatible with standard TeX.
</ul>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="%5ccharsubdef"></a>
<a name="g_t_005ccharsubdef"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef">\tracingcharsubdef</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a>
@@ -1441,7 +1430,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">4.4.1.1 <code>\charsubdef</code>: Character substitutions</h5>
-<p><a name="index-g_t_005ccharsubdef-_0040r_007band-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-303"></a>
+<p><a name="index-g_t_005ccharsubdef-_0040r_007band-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-299"></a>
The most important primitive MLTeX adds is <code>\charsubdef</code>, used
in a way reminiscent of <code>\chardef</code>:
<pre class="example"> \charsubdef <var>composite</var> [=] <var>accent</var> <var>base</var>
@@ -1458,7 +1447,7 @@ primitive, will be mapped to a font glyph or to an <code>\accent</code> glyph
construction.
<p>For example, if you assume glyph code 138
-<a name="index-e_002dcircumflex-304"></a>(decimal) for an e-circumflex
+<a name="index-e_002dcircumflex-300"></a>(decimal) for an e-circumflex
and you are using the Computer Modern fonts, which have the circumflex
accent in position 18 and lowercase `e' in the usual ASCII position 101
decimal, you would use <code>\charsubdef</code> as follows:
@@ -1476,7 +1465,7 @@ characters.
as a pair of zeros. For example:
<pre class="example"> \charsubdef '321 = 0 0 % disable N tilde
</pre>
- <p><a name="index-N-tilde-305"></a>(Octal <tt>'321</tt> is the ISO Latin-1 value for the Spanish N tilde.)
+ <p><a name="index-N-tilde-301"></a>(Octal <tt>'321</tt> is the ISO Latin-1 value for the Spanish N tilde.)
<p><code>\charsubdef</code> commands should only be given once. Although in
principle you can use <code>\charsubdef</code> at any time, the result is
@@ -1490,9 +1479,9 @@ construction at <code>\shipout</code>-time. In summary, the substitution is
accessed often, so changing it is not desirable, nor generally useful.)
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="%5ctracingcharsubdef"></a>
<a name="g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef"></a>
+<p><hr>
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#g_t_005ccharsubdef">\charsubdef</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a>
@@ -1500,18 +1489,18 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">4.4.1.2 <code>\tracingcharsubdef</code>: Substitution diagnostics</h5>
-<p><a name="index-g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef-_0040r_007band-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-306"></a><a name="index-redefined-character-substitutions-307"></a>To help diagnose problems with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\charsubdef</span></samp>&rsquo;, MLTeX provides a
+<p><a name="index-g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef-_0040r_007band-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-302"></a><a name="index-redefined-character-substitutions-303"></a>To help diagnose problems with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\charsubdef</span></samp>&rsquo;, MLTeX provides a
new primitive parameter, <code>\tracingcharsubdef</code>. If positive, every
use of <code>\charsubdef</code> will be reported. This can help track down
when a character is redefined.
- <p><a name="index-g_t_005ctracinglostchars-_0040r_007band-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-308"></a>In addition, if the TeX parameter <code>\tracinglostchars</code> is 100 or
+ <p><a name="index-g_t_005ctracinglostchars-_0040r_007band-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-304"></a>In addition, if the TeX parameter <code>\tracinglostchars</code> is 100 or
more, the character substitutions actually performed at
<code>\shipout</code>-time will be recorded.
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="TCX-files"></a>
+<p><hr>
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#patgen-invocation">patgen invocation</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a>
@@ -1519,8 +1508,8 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages a
<h4 class="subsection">4.4.2 TCX files: Character translations</h4>
-<p><a name="index-TCX-_0040r_007bcharacter-translation-files_007d-309"></a><a name="index-g_t_002etcx-_0040r_007bcharacter-translation-files_007d-310"></a><a name="index-character-translation-files-311"></a>
-<a name="index-international-characters-312"></a><a name="index-g_t8_002dbit-characters-313"></a><a name="index-accented-character-314"></a>TCX (TeX character translation) files help TeX support direct
+<p><a name="index-TCX-_0040r_007bcharacter-translation-files_007d-305"></a><a name="index-g_t_002etcx-_0040r_007bcharacter-translation-files_007d-306"></a><a name="index-character-translation-files-307"></a>
+<a name="index-international-characters-308"></a><a name="index-g_t8_002dbit-characters-309"></a><a name="index-accented-character-310"></a>TCX (TeX character translation) files help TeX support direct
input of 8-bit international characters if fonts containing those
characters are being used. Specifically, they map an input (keyboard)
character code to the internal TeX character code (a superset of
@@ -1551,7 +1540,7 @@ construction made out of two separate character glyphs. TCX files
involve no new primitives; it is not possible to specify
that an input (keyboard) character maps to more than one character.
- <p><a name="index-WEB2C_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-TCX-files_007d-315"></a>Information on specifying TCX files:
+ <p><a name="index-WEB2C_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-TCX-files_007d-311"></a>Information on specifying TCX files:
<ul>
<li>The best way to specify a TCX file is to list it explicitly in the
@@ -1566,7 +1555,7 @@ with the command-line option &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-translate-file=</s
<li>Initial TeX (see <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a>) ignores TCX files.
</ul>
- <p><a name="index-il1_002dt1_002etcx-316"></a><a name="index-il2_002dt1_002etcx-317"></a><a name="index-empty_002etcx-318"></a><a name="index-Cork-encoding-and-ISO-input-319"></a><a name="index-T1-encoding-and-ISO-input-320"></a>The Web2c distribution comes with a number of TCX files. Two
+ <p><a name="index-il1_002dt1_002etcx-312"></a><a name="index-il2_002dt1_002etcx-313"></a><a name="index-empty_002etcx-314"></a><a name="index-Cork-encoding-and-ISO-input-315"></a><a name="index-T1-encoding-and-ISO-input-316"></a>The Web2c distribution comes with a number of TCX files. Two
important ones are <samp><span class="file">il1-t1.tcx</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">il2-t1.tcx</span></samp>, which
support ISO Latin 1 and ISO Latin 2, respectively, with Cork-encoded
fonts (a.k.a. the LaTeX T1 encoding). TCX files for Czech,
@@ -1584,20 +1573,20 @@ Thus:
latex --translate-file=empty.tcx somefile8.tex
&rArr; terminal etc. output with ^^ notation
</pre>
- <p><a name="index-syntax-of-TCX-files-321"></a>Syntax of TCX files:
+ <p><a name="index-syntax-of-TCX-files-317"></a>Syntax of TCX files:
<ol type=1 start=1>
-<li><a name="index-blank-lines_002c-in-TCX-files-322"></a>Line-oriented. Blank lines are ignored.
+<li><a name="index-blank-lines_002c-in-TCX-files-318"></a>Line-oriented. Blank lines are ignored.
- <li><a name="index-whitespace_002c-in-TCX-files-323"></a>Whitespace is ignored except as a separator.
+ <li><a name="index-whitespace_002c-in-TCX-files-319"></a>Whitespace is ignored except as a separator.
- <li><a name="index-comments_002c-in-TCX-files-324"></a>Comments start with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>&rsquo; and continue to the end of the line.
+ <li><a name="index-comments_002c-in-TCX-files-320"></a>Comments start with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>&rsquo; and continue to the end of the line.
<li>Otherwise, a line consists of one or two character codes, optionally
followed by 0 or 1. The last number indicates whether <var>dest</var> is
considered printable.
<pre class="example"> <var>src</var> [<var>dest</var> [<var>prnt</var>]]
</pre>
- <li><a name="index-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-325"></a><a name="index-octal-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-326"></a><a name="index-hex-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-327"></a><a name="index-decimal-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-328"></a>Each character code may be specified in octal with a leading &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>&rsquo;,
+ <li><a name="index-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-321"></a><a name="index-octal-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-322"></a><a name="index-hex-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-323"></a><a name="index-decimal-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-324"></a>Each character code may be specified in octal with a leading &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>&rsquo;,
hexadecimal with a leading &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">0x</span></samp>&rsquo;, or decimal otherwise. Values must
be between 0 and 255, inclusive (decimal).
@@ -1608,7 +1597,7 @@ be between 0 and 255, inclusive (decimal).
definition that counts.
</ol>
- <p><a name="index-printable-characters_002c-specifying-329"></a><a name="index-g_t_005e_005e-_0040r_007bnotation_002c-avoiding_007d-330"></a>Finally, here's what happens: when TeX sees an input character with
+ <p><a name="index-printable-characters_002c-specifying-325"></a><a name="index-g_t_005e_005e-_0040r_007bnotation_002c-avoiding_007d-326"></a>Finally, here's what happens: when TeX sees an input character with
code <var>src</var>, it 1) changes <var>src</var> to <var>dest</var>; and 2) makes the
<var>dest</var> code &ldquo;printable&rdquo;, i.e., printed as-is in diagnostics and the
log file rather than in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">^^</span></samp>&rsquo; notation.
@@ -1622,10 +1611,10 @@ make the following characters printable: <code>^^I</code> (TAB), <code>^^J</code
(line feed), <code>^^M</code> (carriage return), and <code>^^?</code> (delete),
since TeX uses them in various ways.
- <p><a name="index-font-character-code_002c-translating-331"></a><a name="index-keyboard-character-code_002c-translating-332"></a>Thus, the idea is to specify the input (keyboard) character code for
+ <p><a name="index-font-character-code_002c-translating-327"></a><a name="index-keyboard-character-code_002c-translating-328"></a>Thus, the idea is to specify the input (keyboard) character code for
<var>src</var>, and the output (font) character code for <var>dest</var>.
- <p><a name="index-interaction-between-TCX-files-and-_0040samp_007b_002d8bit_007d_002e-333"></a>By default, only the printable ASCII characters are considered printable
+ <p><a name="index-interaction-between-TCX-files-and-_0040samp_007b_002d8bit_007d_002e-329"></a>By default, only the printable ASCII characters are considered printable
by TeX. If you specify the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>&rsquo; option, all characters are
considered printable by default. If you specify both the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>&rsquo;
option and a TCX file, then the TCX can set specific characters to be
@@ -1643,8 +1632,8 @@ characters become printable by default.
the dump is ignored and the data from the file used instead.
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="patgen-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a>
@@ -1653,7 +1642,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages a
<h4 class="subsection">4.4.3 Patgen: Creating hyphenation patterns</h4>
-<p><a name="index-patgen-334"></a><a name="index-hyphenation-patterns_002c-creating-335"></a><a name="index-languages_002c-hyphenation-rules-for-336"></a>
+<p><a name="index-patgen-330"></a><a name="index-hyphenation-patterns_002c-creating-331"></a><a name="index-languages_002c-hyphenation-rules-for-332"></a>
Patgen creates hyphenation patterns from dictionary files for use with
TeX. Synopsis:
@@ -1685,69 +1674,153 @@ Frank Liang (see <a href="#References">References</a>), and also the <samp><span
<p>The only options are &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>).
<div class="node">
+<a name="Shell-escapes"></a>
<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX">TeX</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">4.5 Shell escapes</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-shell-commands-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-333"></a><a name="index-security_002c-and-shell-escapes-334"></a><a name="index-restricted-shell-escapes-335"></a><a name="index-system-command-336"></a><a name="index-shell_005fescape-_0040r_007benabling-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-337"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cimmediate_005cwrite18-338"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cwrite18-_0040r_007bshell-escape-extension_007d-339"></a><a name="index-system-_0040r_007bC-library-function_007d-340"></a>
+TeX can execute <dfn>shell escapes</dfn>, that is, arbitrary shell
+commands. Although tremendously useful, this also has obvious
+security implications. Therefore, as of TeX Live 2009, a
+<dfn>restricted</dfn> mode for shell escapes is the default mode of
+operation, which allows executing only certain commands, as specified
+in the <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> configuration file.
+
+ <ul>
+<li>Unrestricted shell escapes are allowed if the option
+<samp><span class="option">--shell-escape</span></samp> is specified, or if the environment variable
+or config file value <code>shell_escape</code> is set to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">t</span></samp>&rsquo; or
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">y</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">1</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+ <li>Restricted shell escapes are allowed if <code>shell_escape</code> is set to
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">p</span></samp>&rsquo;. This is the default.
+
+ <li>Shell escapes are completely disabled if <samp><span class="option">--no-shell-escape</span></samp> is
+specified, or if <code>shell_escape</code> is set to anything else.
+</ul>
+
+ <p>When enabled, the TeX construct to execute a system command is
+<code>\write18{</code><var>shell-command</var><code>}</code>; for example:
+
+<pre class="example"> \write18{echo "hello, world"}
+</pre>
+ <p><a name="index-g_t_005coutput-_0040r_007broutine_002c-and-_0040code_007b_005cwrite_007d_007d-341"></a>From TeX's point of view, this is a normal <code>\write</code> command,
+and is therefore subject to the usual TeX expansions. Also, the
+system call either happens during the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\output</span></samp>&rsquo; routine or right
+away, according to the absence or presence of the <code>\immediate</code>
+prefix, as usual for <code>\write</code>.
+
+ <p><a name="index-exit-status_002c-of-shell-escape-342"></a>The <var>shell-command</var> string is passed to the command shell (via the
+C library function <code>system</code>). The output of <var>shell-command</var>
+is not diverted anywhere, so it will not appear in the log file, or
+anywhere but the terminal output. The exit status of the system call
+is also not available to TeX.
+
+ <p>In unrestricted mode, the argument is simply passed straight to
+<code>system</code> unaltered.
+
+ <p>In restricted mode, ASCII double quote characters (<tt>"</tt>) should
+always be used in the argument to <code>\write18</code> where quoting of
+arguments is needed, as in the example above. This is to achieve some
+measure of system independence. On Unix systems, these are replaced
+with single quote (<tt>'</tt>) characters to avoid insecure further
+expansion. Care is also taken on Windows to avoid additional
+expansions (from, e.g., <tt>`...`</tt>). Mismatched quotation marks
+in the command string result in a diagnostic message in the log file;
+no execution is performed.
+
+ <p><a name="index-shell_005fescape_005fcommands-343"></a>After quotation processing, if the first word (delimited by a space or
+tab) of the command is in the list specified by the
+<code>shell_escape_commands</code> configuration value, the command is
+executed. Otherwise it is not. In any case, a message is written to
+the log file.
+
+ <p>The <code>shell_escape_commands</code> value is a comma-separated list of
+words. Whitespace is significant, and typically should not be
+present. The default definition looks like this, but with more
+commands included:
+
+<pre class="example"> shell_escape_commands = bibtex,dvips,epstopdf,...,tex
+</pre>
+ <p><a name="index-pipes_002c-reading-and-writing-344"></a><a name="index-g_t_005copenin_0040r_007b_002c-and-pipes_007d-345"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cinput_0040r_007b_002c-and-pipes_007d-346"></a><a name="index-g_t_005copenout_0040r_007b_002c-and-pipes_007d-347"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cpdfshellescape-348"></a>pdfTeX and luaTeX support reading (via <code>\input</code> and
+<code>\openin</code>) and writing (via <code>\openout</code>) from pipes if the
+first character is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">|</span></samp>&rsquo;. The following command is then treated
+exactly the same as the argument to <code>\write18</code>. In these
+engines, the primitive variable <code>\pdfshellescape</code> is set to 0 if
+shell escapes are disabled, 1 if they are enabled, and 2 if they are
+enabled with restrictions.
+
+ <p><a name="index-web-environments_002c-and-security-349"></a>The purpose of this feature is to make it possible for TeX
+documents to perform useful external actions in the common case of an
+individual user running a known document on his or her own machine.
+In such environments as CGI scripts or wikis where the input has to be
+considered untrustworthy, shell escapes should be completely disabled.
+
+<div class="node">
<a name="IPC-and-TeX"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a>,
-Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX">TeX</a>
</div>
-<h3 class="section">4.5 IPC and TeX</h3>
+<h3 class="section">4.6 IPC and TeX</h3>
-<p><a name="index-IPC-337"></a><a name="index-sockets-338"></a>(Sorry, but I'm not going to write this unless someone actually uses
-this feature. Let me know.)
+<p><a name="index-IPC-350"></a><a name="index-sockets-351"></a>(If anyone uses this feature and needs documentation, write
+<a href="mailto:tex-k@tug.org">tex-k@tug.org</a>.)
<p>This functionality is available only if the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--enable-ipc</span></samp>&rsquo; option
was specified to <code>configure</code> during installation of Web2c
(see <a href="#Installation">Installation</a>).
- <p><a name="index-IPC_005fDEBUG-339"></a>If you define <code>IPC_DEBUG</code> before compilation (e.g., with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">make
+ <p><a name="index-IPC_005fDEBUG-352"></a>If you define <code>IPC_DEBUG</code> before compilation (e.g., with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">make
XCFLAGS=-DIPC_DEBUG</span></samp>&rsquo;), TeX will print messages to standard error
about its socket operations. This may be helpful if you are, well,
debugging.
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="TeX-extensions"></a>
+<p><hr>
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX">TeX</a>
</div>
-<h3 class="section">4.6 TeX extensions</h3>
+<h3 class="section">4.7 TeX extensions</h3>
-<p><a name="index-extensions-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-340"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-extensions-to-341"></a>
+<p><a name="index-extensions-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-353"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-extensions-to-354"></a>
The base TeX program has been extended in many ways. Here's a
-partial list. Please send information on extensions not listed here to
-the address in <a href="kpathsea.html#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a>.
+partial list.
<dl>
-<dt>e-TeX<dd><a name="index-e_002d_0040TeX_007b_007d-342"></a><a name="index-primitives_002c-new-343"></a>Adds many new primitives, including right-to-left typesetting.
-Available from <a href="http://www.vms.rhbnc.ac.uk/e-TeX/">http://www.vms.rhbnc.ac.uk/e-TeX/</a> and
-<samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/systems/e-tex</span></samp>.
-
- <br><dt>Omega<dd><a name="index-Omega-344"></a><a name="index-Unicode-345"></a>Adds Unicode support, right-to-left typesetting, and more. Available
-from <a href="http://www.ens.fr/omega">http://www.ens.fr/omega</a> and <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/systems/omega</span></samp>.
-
- <br><dt>pdfTeX<dd><a name="index-pdf_0040TeX_007b_007d-346"></a><a name="index-PDF-347"></a>A variant of TeX that produces PDF instead of DVI files. It also
-includes primitives for hypertext and micro-typography. Available from
-<samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/systems/pdftex</span></samp>.
-
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">TeX--XeT</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-TeX_002d_002dXeT-348"></a><a name="index-Arabic-typesetting-349"></a><a name="index-right_002dto_002dleft-typesetting-350"></a>Adds primitives and DVI opcodes for right-to-left typesetting (as used
-in Arabic, for example). An old version for TeX 3.1415 is available
-from <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/systems/knuth/tex--xet</span></samp>. A newer version is
-included in e-TeX.
-
- <br><dt>File-handling TeX<dd><a name="index-File_002dhandling-_0040TeX_007b_007d-351"></a><a name="index-DVI-files_002c-creating-multiple-352"></a><a name="index-multiple-DVI-files_002c-creating-353"></a>Adds primitives for creating multiple DVI files in a single run; and
-appending to output files as well as overwriting. Web2c implementation
-available in the distribution file
-<samp><span class="file">web2c/contrib/file-handling-tex</span></samp>.
-</dl>
+<dt>e-TeX<dd><a name="index-e_002d_0040TeX_007b_007d-355"></a><a name="index-primitives_002c-new-356"></a>Adds many new primitives, including right-to-left typesetting and more
+registers. Now frozen.
+
+ <br><dt>Omega<dt>Aleph<dd><a name="index-Omega-357"></a><a name="index-Unicode-358"></a>These add Unicode support, right-to-left typesetting, and more. Omega
+was the original program. Aleph is an updated version with a variety
+of bug fixes, and includes e-TeX. Neither is actively maintained.
+
+ <br><dt>pdfTeX<dd><a name="index-pdf_0040TeX_007b_007d-359"></a><a name="index-PDF-360"></a><a name="index-micro_002dtypography-361"></a><a name="index-hypertext-362"></a>Can produce PDF as well as DVI files. It also incorporates the
+e-TeX extensions, new primitives for hypertext and
+micro-typography, reading/writing from pipes, and much more. Home
+page: <a href="http://pdftex.org">http://pdftex.org</a>.
+
+ <br><dt>luaTeX<dd><a name="index-lua_0040TeX_007b_007d-363"></a><a name="index-Lua-364"></a>Based on pdfTeX, this also embeds the Lua programming language
+(<a href="http://lua.org">http://lua.org</a>) and opens up the TeX typesetting engine to
+control from Lua. Home page: <a href="http://luatex.org">http://luatex.org</a>.
+
+ </dl>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Metafont"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#TeX">TeX</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
@@ -1756,7 +1829,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<h2 class="chapter">5 Metafont: Creating typeface families</h2>
-<p><a name="index-Metafont-354"></a><a name="index-typeface-families-355"></a><a name="index-geometric-designs-356"></a><a name="index-shapes-357"></a><a name="index-font-design-358"></a>
+<p><a name="index-Metafont-365"></a><a name="index-typeface-families-366"></a><a name="index-geometric-designs-367"></a><a name="index-shapes-368"></a><a name="index-font-design-369"></a>
Metafont is a system for producing shapes; it was designed for producing
complete typeface families, but it can also produce geometric designs,
dingbats, etc. And it has considerable mathematical and
@@ -1781,8 +1854,8 @@ description of the Metafont language, see <cite>The METAFONTbook</cite>
</ul>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="mf-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>
@@ -1790,7 +1863,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>
<h3 class="section">5.1 <code>mf</code> invocation</h3>
-<p><a name="index-mf-359"></a><a name="index-Metafont-invocation-360"></a>
+<p><a name="index-mf-370"></a><a name="index-Metafont-invocation-371"></a>
Metafont (usually invoked as <code>mf</code>) reads character definitions
specified in the Metafont programming language, and outputs the
corresponding font. This section merely describes the options available
@@ -1810,7 +1883,7 @@ language, see <cite>The Metafontbook</cite> (see <a href="#References">Reference
</pre>
<p class="noindent">(The single quotes avoid unwanted interpretation by the shell.)
- <p><a name="index-g_t_002emf-361"></a><a name="index-Metafont-input-files-362"></a><a name="index-EC-fonts-363"></a><a name="index-mktexmf_0040r_007b_002c-disabling_007d-364"></a>Metafont searches the usual places for the main input file <var>mfname</var>
+ <p><a name="index-g_t_002emf-372"></a><a name="index-Metafont-input-files-373"></a><a name="index-EC-fonts-374"></a><a name="index-mktexmf_0040r_007b_002c-disabling_007d-375"></a>Metafont searches the usual places for the main input file <var>mfname</var>
(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>), extending
<var>mfname</var> with <samp><span class="file">.mf</span></samp> if necessary. To see all the relevant
paths, set the environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>&rsquo;
@@ -1820,7 +1893,7 @@ files you input. You can disable this at configure-time or runtime
(see <a href="kpathsea.html#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a>). This is mostly
for the sake of the EC fonts, which can be generated at any size.
- <p><a name="index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007dgf-_0040r_007bgeneric-fonts_007d-365"></a><a name="index-mfput-366"></a><a name="index-GF-output-367"></a><a name="index-GF-files_002c-output-by-Metafont-368"></a><a name="index-PK-files_002c-not-output-by-Metafont-369"></a>Metafont writes the main GF output to the file
+ <p><a name="index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007dgf-_0040r_007bgeneric-fonts_007d-376"></a><a name="index-mfput-377"></a><a name="index-GF-output-378"></a><a name="index-GF-files_002c-output-by-Metafont-379"></a><a name="index-PK-files_002c-not-output-by-Metafont-380"></a>Metafont writes the main GF output to the file
<samp><var>basemfname</var><span class="file">.</span><var>nnn</var><span class="file">gf</span></samp>, where <var>nnn</var> is the font
resolution in pixels per inch, and <var>basemfname</var> is the basename of
<var>mfname</var>, or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mfput</span></samp>&rsquo; if no input file was specified. A GF file
@@ -1829,12 +1902,12 @@ converted immediately to PK files with GFtoPK (see <a href="#gftopk-invocation">
more compact. (Metafont output in GF format rather than PK for only
historical reasons.)
- <p><a name="index-g_t_002etfm-_0040r_007boutput_007d-370"></a><a name="index-TFM-files_002c-output-by-Metafont-371"></a>Metafont also usually writes a metric file in TFM format to
+ <p><a name="index-g_t_002etfm-_0040r_007boutput_007d-381"></a><a name="index-TFM-files_002c-output-by-Metafont-382"></a>Metafont also usually writes a metric file in TFM format to
<samp><var>basemfname</var><span class="file">.tfm</span></samp>. A TFM file contains character dimensions,
kerns, and ligatures, and spacing parameters. TeX reads only this
<tt>.tfm</tt> file, not the GF file.
- <p><a name="index-mode-needed-to-run-Metafont-372"></a><a name="index-proof-_0040r_007bmode_007d-373"></a><a name="index-g_t2602gf-374"></a><a name="index-g_t_002e2602gf-375"></a>The <var>mode</var> in the example command above is a name referring to a
+ <p><a name="index-mode-needed-to-run-Metafont-383"></a><a name="index-proof-_0040r_007bmode_007d-384"></a><a name="index-g_t2602gf-385"></a><a name="index-g_t_002e2602gf-386"></a>The <var>mode</var> in the example command above is a name referring to a
device definition (see <a href="#Modes">Modes</a>); for example, <code>localfont</code> or
<code>ljfour</code>. These device definitions must generally be precompiled
into the base file. If you leave this out, the default is <code>proof</code>
@@ -1861,13 +1934,13 @@ usual. For example:
<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-[no]-file-line-error</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-fmt=</span><var>fmtname</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-halt-on-error</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-ini</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-interaction=</span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-jobname=</span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-kpathsea-debug=</span><var>number</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-[no]parse-first-line</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-output-directory</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-progname=</span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-recorder</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-translate-file=</span><var>tcxfile</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>These options are common to TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost.
See <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>.
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-mktex=</span><var>filetype</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-no-mktex=</span><var>filetype</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-376"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dno_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-377"></a>Turn on or off the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mktex</span></samp>&rsquo; script associated with <var>filetype</var>.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-mktex=</span><var>filetype</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-no-mktex=</span><var>filetype</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-387"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dno_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-388"></a>Turn on or off the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mktex</span></samp>&rsquo; script associated with <var>filetype</var>.
The only value that makes sense for <var>filetype</var> is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mf</span></samp>&rsquo;.
</dl>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Initial-Metafont"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Modes">Modes</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>
@@ -1876,8 +1949,8 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>
<h3 class="section">5.2 Initial Metafont</h3>
-<p><a name="index-initial-Metafont-378"></a><a name="index-Metafont_002c-initial-379"></a>
-<a name="index-g_t_002ebase-380"></a><a name="index-base-files-381"></a><code>inimf</code> is the &ldquo;initial&rdquo; form of Metafont, which does lengthy
+<p><a name="index-initial-Metafont-389"></a><a name="index-Metafont_002c-initial-390"></a>
+<a name="index-g_t_002ebase-391"></a><a name="index-base-files-392"></a><code>inimf</code> is the &ldquo;initial&rdquo; form of Metafont, which does lengthy
initializations avoided by the &ldquo;virgin&rdquo; (<code>vir</code>) form, so as to
be capable of dumping &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.base</span></samp>&rsquo; files (see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>). For
a detailed comparison of virgin and initial forms, see <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>. In past releases, a separate program <samp><span class="command">inimf</span></samp> was
@@ -1885,7 +1958,7 @@ installed to invoke the initial form, but this is no longer the case.
<p>For a list of options and other information, see <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a>.
- <p><a name="index-plain_002ebase-382"></a><a name="index-mf_002ebase-383"></a>The only memory dump file commonly used with Metafont is the default
+ <p><a name="index-plain_002ebase-393"></a><a name="index-mf_002ebase-394"></a>The only memory dump file commonly used with Metafont is the default
&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">plain.base</span></samp>&rsquo;, also known as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mf.base</span></samp>&rsquo; (again, see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>). It is created by default during installation, but you can also
do so by hand if necessary (e.g., if a Metafont update is issued):
<pre class="example"> mf -ini '\input plain; input modes; dump'
@@ -1898,18 +1971,18 @@ Then install the resulting <samp><span class="file">plain.base</span></samp> in
<p>For an explanation of the additional <samp><span class="file">modes.mf</span></samp> file,
see <a href="#Modes">Modes</a>. This file has no counterpart in TeX or MetaPost.
- <p><a name="index-cmmf_002ebase-_0040r_007bnot-recommended_007d-384"></a><a name="index-cm_002ebase-385"></a><a name="index-cmbase_002emf-386"></a><a name="index-Computer-Modern-macros-387"></a><a name="index-base-files_002c-plain-only-388"></a>In the past, it was sometimes useful to create a base file
+ <p><a name="index-cmmf_002ebase-_0040r_007bnot-recommended_007d-395"></a><a name="index-cm_002ebase-396"></a><a name="index-cmbase_002emf-397"></a><a name="index-Computer-Modern-macros-398"></a><a name="index-base-files_002c-plain-only-399"></a>In the past, it was sometimes useful to create a base file
<samp><span class="file">cmmf.base</span></samp> (a.k.a. <samp><span class="file">cm.base</span></samp>), with the Computer Modern
macros also included in the base file. Nowadays, however, the
additional time required to read <samp><span class="file">cmbase.mf</span></samp> is exceedingly small,
usually not enough to be worth the administrative hassle of updating the
<samp><span class="file">cmmf.base</span></samp> file when you install a new version of <samp><span class="file">modes.mf</span></samp>.
-<a name="index-type-design_002c-personal-389"></a>People actually working on a typeface may still find it worthwhile to
+<a name="index-type-design_002c-personal-400"></a>People actually working on a typeface may still find it worthwhile to
create their own base file, of course.
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Modes"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>
@@ -1918,16 +1991,16 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>
<h3 class="section">5.3 Modes: Device definitions for Metafont</h3>
-<p><a name="index-modes-file-needed-for-Metafont-390"></a><a name="index-base-files_002c-need-mode-definitions-391"></a><a name="index-device-definitions_002c-for-Metafont-392"></a><a name="index-printer-characteristics_002c-for-Metafont-393"></a>Running Metafont and creating Metafont base files requires information
+<p><a name="index-modes-file-needed-for-Metafont-401"></a><a name="index-base-files_002c-need-mode-definitions-402"></a><a name="index-device-definitions_002c-for-Metafont-403"></a><a name="index-printer-characteristics_002c-for-Metafont-404"></a>Running Metafont and creating Metafont base files requires information
that TeX and MetaPost do not: <dfn>mode</dfn> definitions which specify
device characteristics, so Metafont can properly rasterize the shapes.
- <p><a name="index-modes_002emf-_0040r_007brecommended-modes-file_007d-394"></a>When making a base file, a file containing modes for locally-available
+ <p><a name="index-modes_002emf-_0040r_007brecommended-modes-file_007d-405"></a>When making a base file, a file containing modes for locally-available
devices should be input after <samp><span class="file">plain.mf</span></samp>. One commonly used file
is <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf</a>; it includes all known
definitions.
- <p><a name="index-small-Metafont-memory-and-modes-395"></a><a name="index-mode_005fdef-396"></a><a name="index-mode_005fsetup-397"></a>If, however, for some reason you have decreased the memory available in
+ <p><a name="index-small-Metafont-memory-and-modes-406"></a><a name="index-mode_005fdef-407"></a><a name="index-mode_005fsetup-408"></a>If, however, for some reason you have decreased the memory available in
your Metafont, you may need to copy <samp><span class="file">modes.mf</span></samp> and remove the
definitions irrelevant to you (probably most of them) instead of using
it directly. (Or, if you're a Metafont hacker, maybe you can suggest a
@@ -1937,10 +2010,10 @@ the <code>mode_def</code> names, and that's a lot.)
<p>If you have a device not included in <samp><span class="file">modes.mf</span></samp>, please see
comments in that file for how to create the new definition, and please
-send the definition to <a href="mailto:tex-fonts@mail.tug.org">tex-fonts@mail.tug.org</a> to get it included
+send the definition to <a href="mailto:tex-fonts@math.utah.edu">tex-fonts@math.utah.edu</a> to get it included
in the next release of <samp><span class="file">modes.mf</span></samp>.
- <p><a name="index-smode-_0040r_007band-dynamic-Metafont-mode-definition_007d-398"></a><a name="index-dynamic-Metafont-mode-definitions-with-_0040code_007bsmode_007d-399"></a>Usually, when you run Metafont you must supply the name of a mode that
+ <p><a name="index-smode-_0040r_007band-dynamic-Metafont-mode-definition_007d-409"></a><a name="index-dynamic-Metafont-mode-definitions-with-_0040code_007bsmode_007d-410"></a>Usually, when you run Metafont you must supply the name of a mode that
was dumped in the base file. But you can also define the mode
characteristics dynamically, by invoking Metafont with an assignment to
<code>smode</code> instead of <code>mode</code>, like this:
@@ -1966,8 +2039,8 @@ and <var>o</var>.)
<samp><span class="file">modes.mf</span></samp>, see page 269 of <cite>The Metafontbook</cite>.
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Online-Metafont-graphics"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Modes">Modes</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>
@@ -1976,13 +2049,13 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>
<h3 class="section">5.4 Online Metafont graphics</h3>
-<p><a name="index-online-Metafont-graphics-400"></a><a name="index-Metafont-graphics-401"></a>
+<p><a name="index-online-Metafont-graphics-411"></a><a name="index-Metafont-graphics-412"></a>
The Web2c implementation of Metafont can do online graphics with a
number of devices. (See the Metafont manual for more information about
how to draw on your screen.) By default, no graphics support is
enabled.
- <p><a name="index-MFTERM-402"></a><a name="index-TERM-403"></a>Metafont examines the <code>MFTERM</code> environment variable or config file
+ <p><a name="index-MFTERM-413"></a><a name="index-TERM-414"></a>Metafont examines the <code>MFTERM</code> environment variable or config file
value at runtime, or the <code>TERM</code> environment variable if
<code>MFTERM</code> is not set, to determine the device support to use.
Naturally, only the devices for which support has been compiled in can
@@ -1992,64 +2065,64 @@ be selected.
and the corresponding <code>configure</code> option(s) in parentheses.
<dl>
-<dt><code>epsf</code><a name="index-epsf-404"></a><dd><a name="index-Herberts_002c-Mathias-405"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002depsfwin-406"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-epsfwin</span></samp>&rsquo;) Pseudo-window server for Encapsulated
+<dt><code>epsf</code><a name="index-epsf-415"></a><dd><a name="index-Herberts_002c-Mathias-416"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002depsfwin-417"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-epsfwin</span></samp>&rsquo;) Pseudo-window server for Encapsulated
PostScript (see <samp><span class="file">web2c/window/epsf.c</span></samp>). This device produces an
EPS file containing the graphics which would be displayed online on
other devices. The name of the EPS file defaults to metafont.eps but
can be changed by setting the MFEPSF environment variable to the new
filename. Contributed by Mathias Herberts.
- <br><dt><code>hp2627</code><a name="index-hp2627-407"></a><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dhp2627win-408"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-hp2627win</span></samp>&rsquo;) HP2627a color graphics terminals.
+ <br><dt><code>hp2627</code><a name="index-hp2627-418"></a><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dhp2627win-419"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-hp2627win</span></samp>&rsquo;) HP2627a color graphics terminals.
- <br><dt><code>mftalk</code><a name="index-mftalk-409"></a><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dmftalkwin-410"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-mftalkwin</span></samp>&rsquo;) Generic window server (see
+ <br><dt><code>mftalk</code><a name="index-mftalk-420"></a><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dmftalkwin-421"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-mftalkwin</span></samp>&rsquo;) Generic window server (see
<samp><span class="file">web2c/window/mftalk.c</span></samp>).
- <br><dt><code>next</code><a name="index-next-411"></a><dd><a name="index-DrawingServant-412"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dnext-413"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-next</span></samp>&rsquo;) NeXT window system. This requires a separate
+ <br><dt><code>next</code><a name="index-next-422"></a><dd><a name="index-DrawingServant-423"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dnext-424"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-next</span></samp>&rsquo;) NeXT window system. This requires a separate
program, called <code>DrawingServant</code>, available separately. See the
<samp><span class="file">web2c/window/next.c</span></samp>.
- <br><dt><code>regis</code><a name="index-regis-414"></a><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dregiswin-415"></a><a name="index-Regis-graphics-support-416"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-regiswin</span></samp>&rsquo;) Regis terminals.
+ <br><dt><code>regis</code><a name="index-regis-425"></a><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dregiswin-426"></a><a name="index-Regis-graphics-support-427"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-regiswin</span></samp>&rsquo;) Regis terminals.
- <br><dt><code>sun</code><a name="index-sun-417"></a><dd><a name="index-SunView-418"></a><a name="index-Suntools-419"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dsuntoolswin-420"></a><a name="index-sun_002dgfx_002ec-421"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-suntoolswin</span></samp>&rsquo;) The old Suntools (not any flavor of X)
+ <br><dt><code>sun</code><a name="index-sun-428"></a><dd><a name="index-SunView-429"></a><a name="index-Suntools-430"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dsuntoolswin-431"></a><a name="index-sun_002dgfx_002ec-432"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-suntoolswin</span></samp>&rsquo;) The old Suntools (not any flavor of X)
window system. (You can get the even older SunWindows <code>gfx</code> system
by using <samp><span class="file">sun-gfx.c</span></samp>.)
- <br><dt><code>tek</code><a name="index-tek-422"></a><dd><a name="index-Tektronix-423"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dtektronixwin-424"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-tektronixwin</span></samp>&rsquo;) Tektronix terminals.
+ <br><dt><code>tek</code><a name="index-tek-433"></a><dd><a name="index-Tektronix-434"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dtektronixwin-435"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-tektronixwin</span></samp>&rsquo;) Tektronix terminals.
- <p><a name="index-Poole_002c-Simon-425"></a><br><dt><code>uniterm</code><a name="index-uniterm-426"></a><dd><a name="index-Tektronix-4014-427"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dunitermwin-428"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-unitermwin</span></samp>&rsquo;) Uniterm, Simon Poole's emulator of a smart
+ <p><a name="index-Poole_002c-Simon-436"></a><br><dt><code>uniterm</code><a name="index-uniterm-437"></a><dd><a name="index-Tektronix-4014-438"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dunitermwin-439"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-unitermwin</span></samp>&rsquo;) Uniterm, Simon Poole's emulator of a smart
Tektronix 4014 terminal. This may work with regular Tektronix terminals
as well; it's faster than the driver &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-tek</span></samp>&rsquo; selects.
- <p><a name="index-NO_005fX11WIN-429"></a><a name="index-Xt-430"></a><a name="index-Xlib-431"></a><br><dt><code>xterm</code><a name="index-xterm-432"></a><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dx11win-433"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dx-434"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dx11-435"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-x11win</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-x</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-x11</span></samp>&rsquo;) The X window
+ <p><a name="index-NO_005fX11WIN-440"></a><a name="index-Xt-441"></a><a name="index-Xlib-442"></a><br><dt><code>xterm</code><a name="index-xterm-443"></a><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dx11win-444"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dx-445"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dx11-446"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-x11win</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-x</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-x11</span></samp>&rsquo;) The X window
system (version 11).
- <p><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dx_002dtoolkit_003d_0040var_007bkit_007d-436"></a><a name="index-toolkits_002c-X-437"></a><a name="index-X-toolkits-and-Metafont-438"></a><a name="index-Xt-support-439"></a><a name="index-Xlib-support-440"></a>There are two variants of the X11 support, one that works with the Xt
+ <p><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dx_002dtoolkit_003d_0040var_007bkit_007d-447"></a><a name="index-toolkits_002c-X-448"></a><a name="index-X-toolkits-and-Metafont-449"></a><a name="index-Xt-support-450"></a><a name="index-Xlib-support-451"></a>There are two variants of the X11 support, one that works with the Xt
toolkit, and another that works directly with Xlib. The Xt support is
more efficient and has more functionality, so it is the default. If you
must use the Xlib support, use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">configure --with-x
--with-x-toolkit=no</span></samp>&rsquo;.
- <p><a name="index-X-resources-441"></a><a name="index-X-class-name-for-Metafont-442"></a><a name="index-class-name-for-Metafont-443"></a><a name="index-geometry-for-Metafont-444"></a><a name="index-Metafont-geometry-445"></a><a name="index-g_t_002eXdefaults-446"></a><a name="index-g_t_002eXresources-447"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dgeometry_0040r_007b_002c-supported-with-Xt_007d-448"></a>You cannot specify any of the usual X options (e.g., &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-geometry</span></samp>&rsquo;)
+ <p><a name="index-X-resources-452"></a><a name="index-X-class-name-for-Metafont-453"></a><a name="index-class-name-for-Metafont-454"></a><a name="index-geometry-for-Metafont-455"></a><a name="index-Metafont-geometry-456"></a><a name="index-g_t_002eXdefaults-457"></a><a name="index-g_t_002eXresources-458"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dgeometry_0040r_007b_002c-supported-with-Xt_007d-459"></a>You cannot specify any of the usual X options (e.g., &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-geometry</span></samp>&rsquo;)
on the Metafont command line, but you can specify X resources in your
<samp><span class="file">~/.Xdefaults</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">~/.Xresources</span></samp> file. The class name is
<code>Metafont</code>. If you're using the Xt support, all the usual X toolkit
resources are supported. If you're using the Xlib support, only the
<code>geometry</code> resource is supported.
- <p><a name="index-DISPLAY-449"></a>You specify the X display to which Metafont connects in the
+ <p><a name="index-DISPLAY-460"></a>You specify the X display to which Metafont connects in the
<code>DISPLAY</code> environment variable, as usual.
</dl>
- <p><a name="index-Metafont-online-support_002c-new-devices-450"></a><a name="index-new-graphics-support-for-Metafont-451"></a><a name="index-texmfmp_002ec-452"></a>Writing support for a new device is straightforward. Aside from defining
+ <p><a name="index-Metafont-online-support_002c-new-devices-461"></a><a name="index-new-graphics-support-for-Metafont-462"></a><a name="index-texmfmp_002ec-463"></a>Writing support for a new device is straightforward. Aside from defining
the basic drawing routines that Metafont uses (see <samp><span class="file">mf.web</span></samp>), you
only have to add another entry to the tables on the last page of
<samp><span class="file">web2c/lib/texmfmp.c</span></samp>. Or you can write an independent program and
use MFtalk (see <samp><span class="file">web2c/window/mftalk.c</span></samp>).
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="gftodvi-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>
@@ -2058,7 +2131,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>
<h3 class="section">5.5 GFtoDVI: Character proofs of fonts</h3>
-<p><a name="index-gftodvi-453"></a><a name="index-character-proofs-of-fonts-454"></a><a name="index-font-proofs-455"></a><a name="index-proof-sheets_002c-of-fonts-456"></a>
+<p><a name="index-gftodvi-464"></a><a name="index-character-proofs-of-fonts-465"></a><a name="index-font-proofs-466"></a><a name="index-proof-sheets_002c-of-fonts-467"></a>
GFtoDVI makes <dfn>proof sheets</dfn> from a GF bitmap file as output by, for
example, Metafont (see <a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>). This is an indispensable aid for
font designers or Metafont hackers. Synopsis:
@@ -2083,17 +2156,17 @@ with labels, titles, and annotations, as specified in Appendix H
<p>GFtoDVI uses several fonts besides <var>gfname</var> itself:
<ul>
-<li><a name="index-gray-font-457"></a><dfn>gray font</dfn> (default <samp><span class="file">gray</span></samp>): for the pixels that actually make
+<li><a name="index-gray-font-468"></a><dfn>gray font</dfn> (default <samp><span class="file">gray</span></samp>): for the pixels that actually make
up the character. Simply using black is not right, since then labels,
key points, and other information could not be shown.
- <li><a name="index-title-font-458"></a><dfn>title font</dfn> (default <samp><span class="file">cmr8</span></samp>): for the header information at
+ <li><a name="index-title-font-469"></a><dfn>title font</dfn> (default <samp><span class="file">cmr8</span></samp>): for the header information at
the top of each output page.
- <li><a name="index-label-font-459"></a><dfn>label font</dfn> (default <samp><span class="file">cmtt10</span></samp>): for the labels on key points
+ <li><a name="index-label-font-470"></a><dfn>label font</dfn> (default <samp><span class="file">cmtt10</span></samp>): for the labels on key points
of the figure.
- <li><a name="index-slant-font-460"></a><dfn>slant font</dfn> (no default): for diagonal lines, which are otherwise
+ <li><a name="index-slant-font-471"></a><dfn>slant font</dfn> (no default): for diagonal lines, which are otherwise
simulated using horizontal and vertical rules.
</ul>
@@ -2115,7 +2188,7 @@ should produce <samp><span class="file">rtest.dvi</span></samp>, which you proce
&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-verbose</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>&rsquo;, and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>):
<dl>
-<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-overflow-label-offset=</span><var>points</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002doverflow_002dlabel_002doffset_003d_0040var_007bpoints_007d-461"></a><a name="index-overflow-label-offset-462"></a><a name="index-offset-for-overflow-labels-463"></a>Typeset the so-called overflow labels, if any, <var>points</var> TeX
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-overflow-label-offset=</span><var>points</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002doverflow_002dlabel_002doffset_003d_0040var_007bpoints_007d-472"></a><a name="index-overflow-label-offset-473"></a><a name="index-offset-for-overflow-labels-474"></a>Typeset the so-called overflow labels, if any, <var>points</var> TeX
points from the right edge of the character bounding box. The default
is a little over two inches (ten million scaled points, to be precise).
Overflow equations are used to locate coordinates when their actual
@@ -2123,8 +2196,8 @@ position is too crowded with other information.
</dl>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="mft-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>
@@ -2132,8 +2205,8 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>
<h3 class="section">5.6 MFT: Prettyprinting Metafont source</h3>
-<p><a name="index-mft-464"></a><a name="index-Metafont-source_002c-prettyprinting-465"></a><a name="index-prettyprinting-Metafont-source-466"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-creating-from-Metafont-467"></a>
-<a name="index-mftmac_002etex-468"></a>MFT translates a Metafont program into a TeX document suitable for
+<p><a name="index-mft-475"></a><a name="index-Metafont-source_002c-prettyprinting-476"></a><a name="index-prettyprinting-Metafont-source-477"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-creating-from-Metafont-478"></a>
+<a name="index-mftmac_002etex-479"></a>MFT translates a Metafont program into a TeX document suitable for
typesetting, with the aid of TeX macros defined in the file
<samp><span class="file">mftmac.tex</span></samp>. Synopsis:
@@ -2152,7 +2225,7 @@ indentation and line breaks. Each line of input is translated
independently of the others.
<p>Further control is allowed via Metafont comments:
-<a name="index-comments_002c-MFT-control-469"></a>
+<a name="index-comments_002c-MFT-control-480"></a>
<ul>
<li>Metafont comments following a single &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>&rsquo; should be valid TeX
input. But Metafont material can be included within vertical bars in a
@@ -2189,27 +2262,27 @@ of such a line.
<li>Five or more &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>&rsquo; signs should not be used.
</ul>
- <p><a name="index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e-470"></a>(The above description was edited from <samp><span class="file">mft.web</span></samp>, written by
+ <p><a name="index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e-481"></a>(The above description was edited from <samp><span class="file">mft.web</span></samp>, written by
D.E.&nbsp;Knuth<!-- /@w -->.)
<p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard
&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>):
<dl>
-<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-change=</span><var>chfile</var><span class="samp">[.ch]</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dchange_003d_0040var_007bchfile_007d-471"></a><a name="index-change-files_002c-and-MFT-472"></a>Apply the change file <var>chfile</var> as with Tangle and Weave
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-change=</span><var>chfile</var><span class="samp">[.ch]</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dchange_003d_0040var_007bchfile_007d-482"></a><a name="index-change-files_002c-and-MFT-483"></a>Apply the change file <var>chfile</var> as with Tangle and Weave
(see <a href="#WEB">WEB</a>).
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-style=</span><var>mftfile</var><span class="samp">[.mft]</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dstyle_003d_0040var_007bmftfile_007d-473"></a><a name="index-style-files-474"></a><a name="index-plain_002emft-475"></a>Read <var>mftfile</var> before anything else; a MFT style file typically
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-style=</span><var>mftfile</var><span class="samp">[.mft]</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dstyle_003d_0040var_007bmftfile_007d-484"></a><a name="index-style-files-485"></a><a name="index-plain_002emft-486"></a>Read <var>mftfile</var> before anything else; a MFT style file typically
contains only MFT directives as described above. The default style file
is named <samp><span class="file">plain.mft</span></samp>, which defines this properly for programs
using plain Metafont. The MFT files is searched along the
<code>MFTINPUTS</code> path; see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>.
- <p><a name="index-cmbase_002emft-476"></a><a name="index-e_002emft-477"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040cite_007bComputer-Modern-Typefaces_007d_002c-production-of-478"></a>Other examples of MFT style files are <samp><span class="file">cmbase.mft</span></samp>, which defines
+ <p><a name="index-cmbase_002emft-487"></a><a name="index-e_002emft-488"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040cite_007bComputer-Modern-Typefaces_007d_002c-production-of-489"></a>Other examples of MFT style files are <samp><span class="file">cmbase.mft</span></samp>, which defines
formatting rules for the macros defined in <samp><span class="file">cm.base</span></samp>, and
<samp><span class="file">e.mft</span></samp>, which was used in the production of Knuth's Volume&nbsp;<!-- /@w -->E,
<cite>Computer Modern Typefaces</cite>.
- <p><a name="index-MetaPost-source_002c-prettyprinting-479"></a>Using an appropriate MFT style file, it is also possible to configure
+ <p><a name="index-MetaPost-source_002c-prettyprinting-490"></a>Using an appropriate MFT style file, it is also possible to configure
MFT for typesetting MetaPost sources. However, MFT does not search
the usual places for MetaPost input files.
</dl>
@@ -2219,8 +2292,8 @@ passed on verbatim to the TeX output file; it is up to you to
configure TeX to print these properly.
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="MetaPost"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
@@ -2229,7 +2302,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<h2 class="chapter">6 MetaPost: Creating technical illustrations</h2>
-<p><a name="index-MetaPost-480"></a><a name="index-PostScript-meets-Metafont-481"></a><a name="index-Metafont-meets-PostScript-482"></a>MetaPost is a picture-drawing language similar to Metafont
+<p><a name="index-MetaPost-491"></a><a name="index-PostScript-meets-Metafont-492"></a><a name="index-Metafont-meets-PostScript-493"></a>MetaPost is a picture-drawing language similar to Metafont
(see <a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>), but instead of outputting bitmaps in a &ldquo;font&rdquo;, it
outputs PostScript commands. It's primarily intended for creating
technical illustrations.
@@ -2241,16 +2314,12 @@ supported) and a number of other subsidiary programs, described below.
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a>: Invoking MetaPost.
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a>: Making mems.
-<li><a accesskey="3" href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a>: Create MPX files for labels.
-<li><a accesskey="4" href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a>: DVI-to-MPX translation.
-<li><a accesskey="5" href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a>: Ditroff-to-MPX translation.
-<li><a accesskey="6" href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a>: Extracting labels from MetaPost programs.
-<li><a accesskey="7" href="#newer-invocation">newer invocation</a>: Is one file newer than another?
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a>: DVI-to-MPX translation.
</ul>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="mpost-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a>
@@ -2258,8 +2327,8 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a>
<h3 class="section">6.1 <code>mpost</code> invocation</h3>
-<p><a name="index-mpost-483"></a><a name="index-MetaPost-invocation-484"></a>
-<a name="index-mpman_002eps-485"></a>MetaPost (installed as <code>mpost</code>) reads a series of pictures
+<p><a name="index-mpost-494"></a><a name="index-MetaPost-invocation-495"></a>
+<a name="index-mpman_002eps-496"></a>MetaPost (installed as <code>mpost</code>) reads a series of pictures
specified in the MetaPost programming language, and outputs
corresponding PostScript code. This section merely describes the
options available in the Web2c implementation. For a complete
@@ -2274,7 +2343,7 @@ also:
related information).
</ul>
- <p><a name="index-mpgraph_002eps-486"></a>Also, a standard MetaPost package for drawing graphs is documented in
+ <p><a name="index-mpgraph_002eps-497"></a>Also, a standard MetaPost package for drawing graphs is documented in
AT&amp;T technical report CSTR-164, available as the file <samp><span class="file">mpgraph.ps</span></samp>,
generally stored alongside <samp><span class="file">mpman.ps</span></samp>.
@@ -2286,13 +2355,13 @@ Synopses:
mpost [<var>option</var>]... \<var>first-line</var>
mpost [<var>option</var>]... &amp;<var>mem</var> <var>args</var>
</pre>
- <p><a name="index-g_t_002emp-487"></a><a name="index-MetaPost-input-files-488"></a>MetaPost searches the usual places for the main input file <var>mpname</var>
+ <p><a name="index-g_t_002emp-498"></a><a name="index-MetaPost-input-files-499"></a>MetaPost searches the usual places for the main input file <var>mpname</var>
(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>), extending
<var>mpname</var> with <samp><span class="file">.mp</span></samp> if necessary. To see all the relevant
paths, set the environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>&rsquo;
before running the program.
- <p><a name="index-beginfig-489"></a><a name="index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007d-_0040r_007bPostScript-figures_007d-490"></a><a name="index-g_t_002etfm-_0040r_007boutput_007d-491"></a><a name="index-mpout-492"></a><a name="index-TFM-files_002c-output-by-MetaPost-493"></a><a name="index-PostScript-output-494"></a>MetaPost writes its PostScript output to a series of files
+ <p><a name="index-beginfig-500"></a><a name="index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007d-_0040r_007bPostScript-figures_007d-501"></a><a name="index-g_t_002etfm-_0040r_007boutput_007d-502"></a><a name="index-mpout-503"></a><a name="index-TFM-files_002c-output-by-MetaPost-504"></a><a name="index-PostScript-output-505"></a>MetaPost writes its PostScript output to a series of files
<samp><var>basempname</var><span class="file">.</span><var>nnn</var></samp> (or perhaps
<samp><var>basempname</var><span class="file">.ps</span></samp>, very occasionally
<samp><var>basempname</var><span class="file">.tfm</span></samp>), where <var>nnn</var> are the figure numbers
@@ -2307,21 +2376,21 @@ with any other PostScript figures. For example, with this TeX command:
</pre>
<p class="noindent">or by using <samp><span class="file">epsf.tex</span></samp> (see <a href="dvips.html#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a>).
- <p><a name="index-btex-_0040r_007bfor-MetaPost-labels_007d-495"></a><a name="index-etex-_0040r_007bfor-MetaPost-labels_007d-496"></a>The MetaPost construct
+ <p><a name="index-btex-_0040r_007bfor-MetaPost-labels_007d-506"></a><a name="index-etex-_0040r_007bfor-MetaPost-labels_007d-507"></a>The MetaPost construct
<pre class="example"> btex ... <var>tex-input</var> ... etex
</pre>
- <p class="noindent">calls MakeMPX to generate a MPX file containing a MetaPost picture
-expression corresponding to <var>tex-input</var> (see <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a>).
+ <p class="noindent">generates a MetaPost picture expression corresponding to
+<var>tex-input</var>.
<p>The construct
<pre class="example"> verbatimtex ... <var>tex-input</var> ... etex
</pre>
- <p class="noindent">simply passes the <var>tex-input</var> through to MakeMPX and thus to
+ <p class="noindent">simply passes the <var>tex-input</var> through to
TeX. For example, if you are using LaTeX, your MetaPost input file
must start with a <code>verbatimtex</code> block that gives the necessary
<code>\documentclass</code> (or <code>\documentstyle</code>)
<code>\begin{document}</code> command. You will also need to set the
-enviroment variable <code>TEX</code> to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">latex</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a>).
+enviroment variable <code>TEX</code> to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">latex</span></samp>&rsquo;.
<p><var>tex-input</var> need not be specifically TeX input; it could also be
Troff. In that case, you will need the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-m pictures</span></samp>&rsquo; Troff macro
@@ -2329,15 +2398,12 @@ package (unfortunately absent from many Troff implementations), or an
equivalent such as the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-m pspic</span></samp>&rsquo; macros from GNU groff described
in grops(1).
- <p>Other typesetters can be supported with no change to MetaPost itself;
-only MakeMPX needs to be updated.
-
- <p><a name="index-PostScript-fonts_002c-and-Troff-497"></a><a name="index-Troff_002c-and-MetaPost-498"></a><a name="index-Computer-Modern-fonts_002c-and-Troff-499"></a>Naturally, you must use fonts that are supported by the typesetter;
+ <p><a name="index-PostScript-fonts_002c-and-Troff-508"></a><a name="index-Troff_002c-and-MetaPost-509"></a><a name="index-Computer-Modern-fonts_002c-and-Troff-510"></a>Naturally, you must use fonts that are supported by the typesetter;
specifically, you'll probably want to use standard PostScript fonts with
Troff. And only the TeX system understands Computer Modern or other
Metafont fonts; you can also use PostScript fonts with TeX, of course.
- <p><a name="index-mproof_002etex-500"></a><a name="index-downloading-of-fonts-for-MetaPost-labels-501"></a><a name="index-font-downloading-for-MetaPost-labels-502"></a>MetaPost-generated PostScript figures which do use Computer Modern fonts
+ <p><a name="index-mproof_002etex-511"></a><a name="index-downloading-of-fonts-for-MetaPost-labels-512"></a><a name="index-font-downloading-for-MetaPost-labels-513"></a>MetaPost-generated PostScript figures which do use Computer Modern fonts
for labels cannot be directly previewed or printed. Instead, you must
include them in a TeX document and run the resulting DVI file through
Dvips to arrange for the downloading of the required fonts (see <a href="dvips.html#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a>). To help with this, the MetaPost
@@ -2347,7 +2413,7 @@ typically called as:
</pre>
<p class="noindent">The resulting file <samp><span class="file">mproof.ps</span></samp> can then be printed or previewed.
- <p><a name="index-prologues_0040r_007b_002c-and-EPSF-output_007d-503"></a><a name="index-psfonts_002emap_0040r_007b_002c-read-by-MetaPost_007d-504"></a>To generate EPSF files, set the internal MetaPost variable
+ <p><a name="index-prologues_0040r_007b_002c-and-EPSF-output_007d-514"></a><a name="index-psfonts_002emap_0040r_007b_002c-read-by-MetaPost_007d-515"></a>To generate EPSF files, set the internal MetaPost variable
<code>prologues</code> positive. To make the output files self-contained, use
only standard PostScript fonts. MetaPost reads the same
<samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> file as Dvips, to determine PostScript fonts that
@@ -2362,18 +2428,17 @@ opens a security hole. See <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a>.
<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-[no]-file-line-error</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-fmt=</span><var>fmtname</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-halt-on-error</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-ini</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-interaction=</span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-jobname=</span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-kpathsea-debug=</span><var>number</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-[no]parse-first-line</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-output-directory</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-progname=</span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-recorder</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-translate-file=</span><var>tcxfile</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>These options are common to TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost.
See <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>.
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-troff</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dT-505"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dtroff-506"></a><a name="index-prologues-507"></a>Set the <code>prologues</code> internal variable to <code>1</code>, and use
-<code>makempx -troff</code> to generate MPX files.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-troff</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dT-516"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dtroff-517"></a><a name="index-prologues-518"></a>Set the <code>prologues</code> internal variable to <code>1</code>.
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-tex=</span><var>texprogram</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dtex_003d_0040var_007btexprogram_007d-508"></a>When this option is given, the program <var>texprogram</var> is used to
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-tex=</span><var>texprogram</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dtex_003d_0040var_007btexprogram_007d-519"></a>When this option is given, the program <var>texprogram</var> is used to
typeset the labels.
</dl>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Initial-MetaPost"></a>
-Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a>,
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a>
@@ -2381,8 +2446,8 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a>
<h3 class="section">6.2 Initial MetaPost</h3>
-<p><a name="index-initial-MetaPost-509"></a><a name="index-MetaPost_002c-initial-510"></a>
-<a name="index-g_t_002emem-511"></a><a name="index-mem-files-512"></a><code>inimpost</code> is the &ldquo;initial&rdquo; form of MetaPost, which does
+<p><a name="index-initial-MetaPost-520"></a><a name="index-MetaPost_002c-initial-521"></a>
+<a name="index-g_t_002emem-522"></a><a name="index-mem-files-523"></a><code>inimpost</code> is the &ldquo;initial&rdquo; form of MetaPost, which does
lengthy initializations avoided by the &ldquo;virgin&rdquo; (<code>vir</code>) form,
so as to be capable of dumping <samp><span class="file">.mem</span></samp> files (see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>). For a detailed comparison of virgin and initial forms, see
<a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>. In past releases, a separate program
@@ -2391,7 +2456,7 @@ longer the case.
<p>For a list of options and other information, see <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a>.
- <p><a name="index-plain_002emem-513"></a><a name="index-mpost_002emem-514"></a><a name="index-mem-files_002c-plain-only-515"></a>The principal memory dump file used with MetaPost is the default,
+ <p><a name="index-plain_002emem-524"></a><a name="index-mpost_002emem-525"></a><a name="index-mem-files_002c-plain-only-526"></a>The principal memory dump file used with MetaPost is the default,
<samp><span class="file">plain.mem</span></samp>, also known as <samp><span class="file">mpost.mem</span></samp> (again, see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>). It is created by default during installation, but you can
also do so by hand if necessary (e.g., if a <samp><span class="file">plain.mp</span></samp> update is
issued):
@@ -2402,7 +2467,7 @@ Then install the resulting <samp><span class="file">plain.mem</span></samp> in &
(<samp><span class="file">/usr/local/share/texmf/web2c</span></samp> by default), and link
<samp><span class="file">mpost.mem</span></samp> to it.
- <p><a name="index-Metafont_002c-compatibility-in-MetaPost-516"></a><a name="index-plain-Metafont_002c-compatibility-in-MetaPost-517"></a><a name="index-MetaPost-and-plain-Metafont-compatibility-518"></a><a name="index-mfplain_002emem-519"></a>MetaPost also provides a mem file with all the features of plain
+ <p><a name="index-Metafont_002c-compatibility-in-MetaPost-527"></a><a name="index-plain-Metafont_002c-compatibility-in-MetaPost-528"></a><a name="index-MetaPost-and-plain-Metafont-compatibility-529"></a><a name="index-mfplain_002emem-530"></a>MetaPost also provides a mem file with all the features of plain
Metafont, called <samp><span class="file">mfplain.mem</span></samp>. You can create that in the same
way; just replace &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">plain</span></samp>&rsquo; in the above command with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mfplain</span></samp>&rsquo;.
<samp><span class="file">mfplain.mem</span></samp> file lets you directly process Metafont source files
@@ -2410,126 +2475,24 @@ with MetaPost, producing character proofs (one file for each character)
similar to those produced with Metafont in proof mode and GFtoDVI
(see <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a>).
- <p><a name="index-metafun_002emp-520"></a><a name="index-MetaFun_002c-enhanced-MetaPost-521"></a><a name="index-Pragma-ADE-522"></a>Another MetaPost mem file, named MetaFun, provides many advanced
+ <p><a name="index-metafun_002emp-531"></a><a name="index-MetaFun_002c-enhanced-MetaPost-532"></a><a name="index-Pragma-ADE-533"></a>Another MetaPost mem file, named MetaFun, provides many advanced
features. It was developed and maintained by Pragma ADE. The home
page for MetaFun, other MetaPost-related things, and lots more from
Pragma: <a href="http://www.pragma-ade.com/">http://www.pragma-ade.com/</a>.
<div class="node">
+<a name="dvitomp-invocation"></a>
<p><hr>
-<a name="makempx-invocation"></a>
-Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a>
</div>
-<h3 class="section">6.3 MakeMPX: Support MetaPost labels</h3>
-
-<p><a name="index-makempx-523"></a><a name="index-MetaPost-labels-524"></a><a name="index-captions_002c-for-MetaPost-525"></a><a name="index-labels_002c-for-MetaPost-526"></a>
-In MetaPost, labels can be typeset using any document processor; the
-Web2c implementation supports TeX and Troff. MakeMPX translates the
-labels from the typesetting language back into low-level MetaPost
-commands in a so-called <dfn>mpx file</dfn>, so text can be manipulated like
-other graphic objects. It is invoked automatically by MetaPost.
-Synopsis:
-
-<pre class="example"> makempx [-troff] <var>mpfile</var> <var>mpxfile</var>
-</pre>
- <p class="noindent">The input comes from <var>mpfile</var> (no path searching is done), and the
-output goes to <var>mpxfile</var>. However, if the file <var>mpxfile</var>
-already exists, and is newer than <var>mpfile</var>, then nothing is done
-(presumably the file is up-to-date).
-
- <p>Otherwise:
- <ol type=1 start=1>
-<li><a name="index-MPto_002c-invoked-by-MakeMPX-527"></a>MPto is run to extract the label text from the
-MetaPost source file <var>mpfile</var> (see <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a>).
-
- <li>The typesetting program itself is run, either TeX or Troff (see
-below). If TeX, and the file named by the <code>MPTEXPRE</code>
-environment variable exists (<samp><span class="file">mptexpre.tex</span></samp> by default), that file
-is prepended to the input from the MetaPost file.
-
- <li><a name="index-DVItoMP_002c-invoked-by-MakeMPX-528"></a><a name="index-DMP_002c-invoked-by-MakeMPX-529"></a>The typesetter output (a DVI file in the case of TeX, Ditroff output
-for Troff) is translated back to MetaPost, by DVItoMP (see <a href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a>) or DMP (see <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a>) respectively.
- </ol>
-
- <p><a name="index-mpxerr_002elog-530"></a><a name="index-mpxerr_002edvi-531"></a><a name="index-mpxerr_002etex-532"></a><a name="index-mpxerr_002et-533"></a><a name="index-mpxerr-534"></a>If any of the above steps fail, for example if there was a typesetting
-mistake in the original <var>mpfile</var>, output may be left in files named
-<samp><span class="file">mpxerr.{log,tex,dvi}</span></samp> (TeX) or <samp><span class="file">mpxerr{,.t}</span></samp> (Troff),
-so you can diagnose the problem.
-
- <p><a name="index-g_t_002dtroff-535"></a><a name="index-prologues-_0040r_007band-Troff-in-MetaPost_007d-536"></a>The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-troff</span></samp>&rsquo; option to MPto selects the Troff commands, rather than
-TeX. MetaPost supplies this automatically if the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>&rsquo; or
-&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-troff</span></samp>&rsquo; option was specified to MetaPost.
-
- <p><a name="index-picture-expressions-537"></a><a name="index-mpx-file_002c-defined-538"></a>The MPX file created by MakeMPX is a sequence of MetaPost picture
-expressions, one for every label in the original MetaPost input file.
+<h3 class="section">6.3 DVItoMP: DVI to MPX conversion</h3>
- <p>The names of the commands run by MakeMPX, and the directory
-added to the shell search <code>PATH</code> for the commands' location, are
-overridden by environment variables. Here is a list:
-
- <dl>
-<dt><code>MAKEMPX_BINDIR</code><a name="index-MAKEMPX_005fBINDIR-539"></a><dd>The directory added to the <code>PATH</code>. Default is the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">$(bindir)</span></samp>&rsquo;
-Make directory, which in turn is set from the configure-time
-&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--bindir</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--exec-prefix</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--prefix</span></samp>&rsquo; options; if
-nothing else is specified, the default is file &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">/usr/local</span></samp>&rsquo;.
-
- <br><dt><code>NEWER</code><a name="index-NEWER-540"></a><dd>The command run to determine if <var>mpxfile</var> is out of date with respect
-to <var>mpfile</var>; default is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">newer</span></samp>&rsquo;.
-
- <br><dt><code>MPTOTEX</code><a name="index-MPTOTEX-541"></a><dd>The command run to extract MetaPost labels in TeX format; default is
-&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mpto -tex</span></samp>&rsquo;.
-
- <br><dt><code>MPTOTR</code><a name="index-MPTOTR-542"></a><dd>Likewise, for Troff; default is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mpto -troff</span></samp>&rsquo;.
-
- <br><dt><code>DVITOMP</code><a name="index-DVITOMP-543"></a><dd>The command run to convert TeX output back to MetaPost; default is
-&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dvitomp</span></samp>&rsquo;.
-
- <br><dt><code>DMP</code><a name="index-DMP-544"></a><dd>Likewise, for Troff; default is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dmp</span></samp>&rsquo;.
-
- <br><dt><code>TEX</code><a name="index-TEX-545"></a><dd>The command run to typeset the labels in TeX; the default is
-&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">etex</span></samp>&rsquo;, set in <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp>. If you use LaTeX, set this to
-<code>latex</code>, and supply an appropriate <code>verbatimtex</code> header in
-the MP source (see <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a>). Or put &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%&amp;latex</span></samp>&rsquo; as
-the first line of your LaTeX source.
-
- <br><dt><code>TROFF</code><a name="index-TROFF-546"></a><dd>Likewise, for Troff; default is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">'eqn -d\$\$ | troff -Tpost'</span></samp>&rsquo;. You
-may need to replace &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-Tpost</span></samp>&rsquo; by &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-T</span><var>term</var></samp>&rsquo;, where
-<var>term</var> is the PostScript device name for your Troff implementation,
-e.g., &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ps</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">psc</span></samp>&rsquo;; see troff(1).
-
- <p>If you change this, you will also need to set the <code>TRFONTS</code>
-environment variable or configuration value to point to the appropriate
-font directory, traditionally <samp><span class="file">/usr/lib/font/dev</span><var>term</var></samp>.
-
- <p>One more complication is whether the troff programs have a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">g</span></samp>&rsquo;
-prefix. On Windows, TeX Live supports both ways:
-<samp><span class="file">makempx.exe</span></samp> is built to use <samp><span class="file">gsoelim.exe</span></samp>,
-<samp><span class="file">geqn.exe</span></samp>, and <samp><span class="file">gtroff.exe</span></samp>, while
-<samp><span class="file">makempx-without-g-prefix.exe</span></samp> is built to use <samp><span class="file">soelim.exe</span></samp>,
-<samp><span class="file">eqn.exe</span></samp>, and <samp><span class="file">troff.exe</span></samp>. MetaPost users on Windows using
-troff for their labels should arrange to run the proper binary.
-
- </dl>
-
-<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
-<a name="dvitomp-invocation"></a>
-Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a>,
-Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a>,
-Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a>
-
-</div>
-
-<h3 class="section">6.4 DVItoMP: DVI to MPX conversion</h3>
-
-<p><a name="index-dvitomp-547"></a><a name="index-DVI-files_002c-converting-to-MPX-548"></a><a name="index-MPX-files_002c-converting-from-DVI-files-549"></a>
+<p><a name="index-dvitomp-534"></a><a name="index-DVI-files_002c-converting-to-MPX-535"></a><a name="index-MPX-files_002c-converting-from-DVI-files-536"></a>
DVItoMP converts DVI files into low-level MetaPost commands in a
-so-called MPX file. This program is generally invoked only by MakeMPX
-(see <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a>). Synopsis:
+so-called MPX file. Synopsis:
<pre class="example"> dvitomp <var>dvifile</var>[.dvi] [<var>mpxfile</var>[.mpx]]
</pre>
@@ -2537,171 +2500,15 @@ so-called MPX file. This program is generally invoked only by MakeMPX
<var>dvifile</var> extended with <samp><span class="file">.mpx</span></samp>, e.g., &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dvitomp
/wherever/foo.dvi</span></samp>&rsquo; creates <samp><span class="file">./foo.mpx</span></samp>.
- <p><a name="index-color_002c-in-DVItoMP-550"></a>DVItoMP supports Dvips-style color specials, such as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">color push
+ <p><a name="index-color_002c-in-DVItoMP-537"></a>DVItoMP supports Dvips-style color specials, such as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">color push
</span><var>name</var></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">color pop</span></samp>&rsquo;, outputting them as <code>withcolor</code>
MetaPost commands.
<p>The only options are &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>).
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
-<a name="dmp-invocation"></a>
-Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a>,
-Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a>,
-Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a>
-
-</div>
-
-<h3 class="section">6.5 DMP: Ditroff to MPX conversion</h3>
-
-<p><a name="index-DMP-551"></a><a name="index-ditroff-output_002c-converting-to-MPX-552"></a><a name="index-MPX-files_002c-creating-from-ditroff-output-553"></a>
-DMP converts device-independent Troff (ditroff) output files into
-low-level MetaPost commands in a so-called MPX file. This program is
-generally invoked by MakeMPX (see <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a>). Synopsis:
-
-<pre class="example"> dmp [<var>ditroff-file</var> [<var>mpxfile</var>]]
-</pre>
- <p class="noindent">If <var>ditroff-file</var> is not specified, input comes from standard input;
-and if <var>mpxfile</var> is not specified, output goes to standard output.
-
- <p><a name="index-dpost-554"></a><a name="index-D-_0040var_007bc_007d-_0040r_007bditroff-graphics_007d-555"></a><a name="index-x-X-_0040r_007bditroff-device-control_007d-556"></a><a name="index-SetColor-_0040r_007bditroff-command_007d-557"></a><a name="index-BeginPath-_0040r_007bditroff-command_007d-558"></a><a name="index-DrawPath-_0040r_007bditroff-command_007d-559"></a>DMP was written to process the output of a Troff pipeline fed the output
-of <code>mpto -troff</code> (see <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a>). DMP understands all
-the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">D</span><var>c</var></samp>&rsquo; graphics functions that <code>dpost</code> does, but it
-ignores &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">x X</span></samp>&rsquo; device control functions such as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">x X
-SetColor:...</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">x X BeginPath:</span></samp>&rsquo;, and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">x X
-DrawPath:...</span></samp>&rsquo;.
-
- <p><a name="index-MPSUPPORT-560"></a>The available font names are defined in the support file
-<samp><span class="file">trfonts.map</span></samp>, which DMP looks for along the <code>MPSUPPORT</code> path.
-
- <p><a name="index-trchars_002eadj-561"></a>Another support file <samp><span class="file">trchars.adj</span></samp>, also looked for along the
-<code>MPSUPPORT</code> path, contains a character adjustment table which
-should reflect the shift amounts found in the standard PostScript
-prologue for Troff and dpost found in the <code>TRFONTS</code> directory.
-Such an adjustment table is unnecessary for some Troff implementations,
-in which case <samp><span class="file">trchars.adj</span></samp> should be replaced by an empty
-file&mdash;but it must still exist.
-
- <p>DMP was written for one particular Troff implementation, and it
-unfortunately has many built-in assumptions about the output and fonts
-file formats used by Troff, which may not be satisfied in other
-environments. In particular, GNU groff uses some extensions in its file
-formats described in groff_font(5) and groff_out(5) which make its
-output completely unusable for DMP. On the other hand, the Troff
-version found in Sun Solaris 2.x, and perhaps other systems derived from
-System V R4, works fine with the default settings.
-
- <p>If you run into trouble and want to adapt DMP to other systems,
-you might have to try the following (this is primarily for hackers):
-
- <ul>
-<li>If DMP complains about a missing font table (e.g., &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Cannot find
-TR</span></samp>&rsquo;), your Troff may not support the device &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">post</span></samp>&rsquo;.
-
- <p>Check troff(1) for the devices supported by your Troff and set the
-<code>TROFF</code> environment variable appropriately (see above). Also,
-locate the appropriate font directory and set the <code>TRFONTS</code>
-variable as needed.
-
- <li>If DMP complains about a missing font description file (e.g., &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Font
-TR was not in map file</span></samp>&rsquo;), your version of Troff may be using internal
-font names different from those in the distributed <samp><span class="file">trfonts.map</span></samp>;
-e.g., TR and TI instead of R and I for Times-Roman and Times-Italic.
-
- <p><a name="index-trchars_002eadj-562"></a>In this case, you may have to adapt <samp><span class="file">trfonts.map</span></samp> and perhaps also
-<samp><span class="file">trchars.adj</span></samp> in the MetaPost support directory
-(<samp><span class="file">texmf/metapost/support</span></samp> by default).
-
- <li>If DMP still complains that it cannot parse the font description files
-or the Troff output (e.g., &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">TR has a bad line in its description
-file</span></samp>&rsquo;, you are probably out of luck and have to hack the DMP program (in
-<samp><span class="file">web2c/mpware/dmp.c</span></samp>).
-
- <p>Such problems may be caused by subtle differences in the file
-formats, such as use of tabs vs. spaces as field separators
-or decimal vs. octal vs. hex format for font metric data.
-
- <p>A reasonably good description of the expected Troff file formats can be
-found in AT&amp;T technical report CSTR-54 (<cite>Troff User's Manual</cite>,
-Revised 1992). Documentation on the subtle differences in other Troff
-implementation is harder to find except for GNU groff, where it's all
-documented in the above-mentioned groff_font(5) and groff_out(5).
-
- <p>Any contributions to improve the portability of DMP or to make it work
-with GNU groff are welcome, of course.
-
- </ul>
-
- <p><a name="index-dmp_002ec-563"></a><a name="index-Hobby_002c-John-564"></a>(Some of the above description was edited from the <samp><span class="file">dmp.c</span></samp> source
-file, written by John Hobby.)
-
- <p>The only options are &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>).
-
-<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
-<a name="mpto-invocation"></a>
-Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#newer-invocation">newer invocation</a>,
-Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a>,
-Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a>
-
-</div>
-
-<h3 class="section">6.6 MPto: Extract labels from MetaPost input</h3>
-
-<p><a name="index-MPto-565"></a><a name="index-labels_002c-extracting-from-MetaPost-input-566"></a><a name="index-captions_002c-extracting-from-MetaPost-input-567"></a><a name="index-text_002c-extracting-from-MetaPost-input-568"></a><a name="index-MetaPost-input_002c-extracting-labels-from-569"></a>
-<a name="index-btex-_0040r_007band-label-extraction_007d-570"></a><a name="index-etex-_0040r_007band-label-extraction_007d-571"></a><a name="index-verbatimtex-_0040r_007bMetaPost-command_007d-572"></a>MPto extracts the labels from a MetaPost input file; this is the
-contents of any <code>btex...etex</code> and <code>verbatimtex...etex</code>
-sections. This program is generally invoked by MakeMPX (see <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a>). Synopsis:
-
-<pre class="example"> mpto [<var>option</var>]... <var>mpfile</var>
-</pre>
- <p class="noindent">The input comes from <var>mpfile</var>; no path searching is done. The
-output goes to standard output. Leading and trailing spaces and tabs
-are removed, and various predefined typesetter commands are included at
-the beginning of and end of the file and of each section.
-
- <p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard
-&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>):
- <dl>
-<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-troff</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dtroff-573"></a>Surround the MetaPost sections with Troff commands.
-
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-tex</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dtex-574"></a>Surround the MetaPost sections with TeX commands. This is the default.
-</dl>
-
-<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
-<a name="newer-invocation"></a>
-Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a>,
-Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a>
-
-</div>
-
-<h3 class="section">6.7 Newer: Compare file modification times</h3>
-
-<p><a name="index-newer-_0040r_007bfile-comparison_007d-575"></a><a name="index-comparing-file-modification-times-576"></a><a name="index-file-mtimes_002c-comparing-577"></a><a name="index-mtimes-of-files_002c-comparing-578"></a><a name="index-older_002dthan_002c-file-comparisons-579"></a>
-Newer compares file modification times. Synopsis:
-
-<pre class="example"> newer <var>src1</var> [ <var>src2</var> ... <var>srcN</var> ] <var>target</var>
-</pre>
- <p class="noindent">Newer exits successfully if the files <var>src1</var> ... <var>srcN</var> exist
-and at least one of them is not older than <var>dependent</var>, i.e., the
-modification time (mtime) of at least one of the source files
-is greater than or the same as that of <var>dependent</var>. Newer also
-exits successfully if the file <var>dependent</var> doesn't exist.
-See <a href="libc.html#Attribute-Meanings">Attribute Meanings</a>.
-
- <p>The program accepts the following option, as well as the standard
-&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>):
- <dl>
-<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--quiet</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dquiet-_0028newer_0029-580"></a>Return result only, do not print any output.
-<br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--verbose</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dverbose-_0028newer_0029-581"></a>List missing source files to STDERR. This is the default.
-</dl>
-
- <p>This is used by MakeMPX (see <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a>).
-
-<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="BibTeX"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#WEB">WEB</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
@@ -2710,7 +2517,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<h2 class="chapter">7 BibTeX: Bibliographies</h2>
-<p><a name="index-bibliographies_002c-creating-582"></a><a name="index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-583"></a>
+<p><a name="index-bibliographies_002c-creating-538"></a><a name="index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-539"></a>
BibTeX automates much of the job of typesetting bibliographies, and
makes bibliography entries reusable in many different contexts.
@@ -2720,8 +2527,8 @@ makes bibliography entries reusable in many different contexts.
</ul>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="bibtex-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a>
@@ -2729,8 +2536,8 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a>
<h3 class="section">7.1 BibTeX invocation</h3>
-<p><a name="index-bibtex-584"></a>
-<a name="index-g_t_002ebbl-_0040r_007bbibliography-files_007d-585"></a><a name="index-g_t_002eaux-_0040r_007bcross_002dreference-files_007d-586"></a><a name="index-g_t_002ebib-_0040r_007bbibliography-databases_007d-587"></a>BibTeX creates a printable bibliography (<samp><span class="file">.bbl</span></samp>) file from
+<p><a name="index-bibtex-540"></a>
+<a name="index-g_t_002ebbl-_0040r_007bbibliography-files_007d-541"></a><a name="index-g_t_002eaux-_0040r_007bcross_002dreference-files_007d-542"></a><a name="index-g_t_002ebib-_0040r_007bbibliography-databases_007d-543"></a>BibTeX creates a printable bibliography (<samp><span class="file">.bbl</span></samp>) file from
references in a <samp><span class="file">.aux</span></samp> file, generally written by TeX or
LaTeX. The <samp><span class="file">.bbl</span></samp> file is then incorporated on a subsequent
run. The basic bibliographic information comes from <samp><span class="file">.bib</span></samp> files,
@@ -2739,12 +2546,12 @@ of the <samp><span class="file">.bbl</span></samp> file. Synopsis:
<pre class="example"> bibtex [<var>option</var>]... <var>auxfile</var>[.aux]
</pre>
- <p><a name="index-g_t_002eblg-_0040r_007bBib_0040TeX_007b_007d-log-file_007d-588"></a><a name="index-log-file_002c-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-589"></a>The output goes to the basename of <var>auxfile</var> extended with
+ <p><a name="index-g_t_002eblg-_0040r_007bBib_0040TeX_007b_007d-log-file_007d-544"></a><a name="index-log-file_002c-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-545"></a>The output goes to the basename of <var>auxfile</var> extended with
<samp><span class="file">.bbl</span></samp>; for example, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">bibtex /wherever/foo.aux</span></samp>&rsquo; creates
<samp><span class="file">./foo.bbl</span></samp>. BibTeX also writes a log file to the basename of
<var>auxfile</var> extended with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.blg</span></samp>&rsquo;.
- <p><a name="index-g_t_005cbibliography-590"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cbibliographystyle-591"></a><a name="index-TEXBIB_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bib-files_007d-592"></a><a name="index-BIBINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bib-files_007d-593"></a><a name="index-BSTINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bst-files_007d-594"></a>The names of the <samp><span class="file">.bib</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">.bst</span></samp> files are specified in the
+ <p><a name="index-g_t_005cbibliography-546"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cbibliographystyle-547"></a><a name="index-TEXBIB_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bib-files_007d-548"></a><a name="index-BIBINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bib-files_007d-549"></a><a name="index-BSTINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bst-files_007d-550"></a>The names of the <samp><span class="file">.bib</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">.bst</span></samp> files are specified in the
<samp><span class="file">.aux</span></samp> file as well, via the <samp><span class="file">\bibliography</span></samp> and
<samp><span class="file">\bibliographystyle</span></samp> (La)TeX macros. BibTeX searches for
<samp><span class="file">.bib</span></samp> files using the <code>BIBINPUTS</code> and <code>TEXBIB</code> paths,
@@ -2754,9 +2561,9 @@ and for <samp><span class="file">.bst</span></samp> files using <code>BSTINPUTS<
<p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard
&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>):
<dl>
-<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-terse</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dterse-595"></a><a name="index-terse-output-596"></a><a name="index-verbose-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-output_002c-suppressing-597"></a>Suppress the program banner and progress reports normally output.
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-terse</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dterse-551"></a><a name="index-terse-output-552"></a><a name="index-verbose-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-output_002c-suppressing-553"></a>Suppress the program banner and progress reports normally output.
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-min-crossrefs=</span><var>n</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmin_002dcrossrefs_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-598"></a><a name="index-cross_002dreferenced-bibliography-items-599"></a><a name="index-bibliography-items_002c-cross_002dreferenced-600"></a>If at least <var>n</var> (2 by default) bibliography entries refer to another
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-min-crossrefs=</span><var>n</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmin_002dcrossrefs_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-554"></a><a name="index-cross_002dreferenced-bibliography-items-555"></a><a name="index-bibliography-items_002c-cross_002dreferenced-556"></a>If at least <var>n</var> (2 by default) bibliography entries refer to another
entry <var>e</var> via their <code>crossref</code> field, include <var>e</var> in the
<tt>.bbl</tt> file, even if it was not explicitly referenced in the <tt>.aux</tt>
file. For example, <var>e</var> might be a conference proceedings as a whole,
@@ -2768,22 +2575,22 @@ large number.
<p>See also:
<dl>
-<dt><samp><span class="file">btxdoc.tex</span></samp><dd><a name="index-btxdoc_002etex-601"></a>Basic LaTeXable documentation for general BibTeX users.
+<dt><samp><span class="file">btxdoc.tex</span></samp><dd><a name="index-btxdoc_002etex-557"></a>Basic LaTeXable documentation for general BibTeX users.
- <br><dt><samp><span class="file">btxhak.tex</span></samp><dd><a name="index-btxhak_002etex-602"></a><a name="index-style-design_002c-for-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-603"></a>LaTeXable documentation for style designers.
+ <br><dt><samp><span class="file">btxhak.tex</span></samp><dd><a name="index-btxhak_002etex-558"></a><a name="index-style-design_002c-for-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-559"></a>LaTeXable documentation for style designers.
- <br><dt><samp><span class="file">btxdoc.bib</span></samp><dd><a name="index-btxdoc_002ebib-604"></a>BibTeX database file for the two above documents.
+ <br><dt><samp><span class="file">btxdoc.bib</span></samp><dd><a name="index-btxdoc_002ebib-560"></a>BibTeX database file for the two above documents.
- <br><dt><samp><span class="file">xampl.bib</span></samp><dd><a name="index-xampl_002ebib-605"></a>Example database file with all the standard entry types.
+ <br><dt><samp><span class="file">xampl.bib</span></samp><dd><a name="index-xampl_002ebib-561"></a>Example database file with all the standard entry types.
- <br><dt><samp><span class="file"><a href="ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/">ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/</a></span></samp><dd><a name="index-ftp_002emath_002eutah_002eedu-606"></a><a name="index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-collection-607"></a><a name="index-TUGboat-bibliography-608"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-bibliographies-for-609"></a>A very large <samp><span class="file">.bib</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">.bst</span></samp> collection, including
+ <br><dt><samp><span class="file"><a href="ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/">ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/</a></span></samp><dd><a name="index-ftp_002emath_002eutah_002eedu-562"></a><a name="index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-collection-563"></a><a name="index-TUGboat-bibliography-564"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-bibliographies-for-565"></a>A very large <samp><span class="file">.bib</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">.bst</span></samp> collection, including
references for all the standard TeX books and a complete bibliography
for TUGboat.
</dl>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Basic-BibTeX-style-files"></a>
+<p><hr>
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a>
@@ -2791,42 +2598,42 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a>
<h3 class="section">7.2 Basic BibTeX style files</h3>
-<p><a name="index-basic-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-style-files-610"></a><a name="index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-style-files-611"></a>
+<p><a name="index-basic-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-style-files-566"></a><a name="index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-style-files-567"></a>
Here are descriptions of the four standard and four semi-standard basic
BibTeX styles. <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/biblio/bibtex</span></samp> contains these and
many more (for CTAN info, see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>).
<dl>
-<dt><code>plain</code><dd><a name="index-plain_002ebst-612"></a>Sorts entries alphabetically, with numeric labels. Generally formatted
+<dt><code>plain</code><dd><a name="index-plain_002ebst-568"></a>Sorts entries alphabetically, with numeric labels. Generally formatted
according to van Leunen's <cite>A Handbook for Scholars</cite>. The other
style files listed here are based on <code>plain</code>.
- <br><dt><code>abbrv</code><dd><a name="index-abbrv_002ebst-613"></a>First names, month names, and journal names are abbreviated.
+ <br><dt><code>abbrv</code><dd><a name="index-abbrv_002ebst-569"></a>First names, month names, and journal names are abbreviated.
- <br><dt><code>acm</code><dd><a name="index-acm_002ebst-614"></a>Names are printed in small caps.
+ <br><dt><code>acm</code><dd><a name="index-acm_002ebst-570"></a>Names are printed in small caps.
- <br><dt><code>alpha</code><dd><a name="index-alpha_002ebst-615"></a>Alphanumeric labels, e.g., &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Knu66</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+ <br><dt><code>alpha</code><dd><a name="index-alpha_002ebst-571"></a>Alphanumeric labels, e.g., &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Knu66</span></samp>&rsquo;.
- <br><dt><code>apalike</code><dd><a name="index-apalike_002ebst-616"></a>No labels at all; instead, the year appears in parentheses after the author.
+ <br><dt><code>apalike</code><dd><a name="index-apalike_002ebst-572"></a>No labels at all; instead, the year appears in parentheses after the author.
Use this in conjunction with <samp><span class="file">apalike.tex</span></samp> (plain TeX) or
<samp><span class="file">apalike.sty</span></samp> (LaTeX), which also changes the citations in the
text to be &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">(</span><var>author</var><span class="samp">, </span><var>year</var><span class="samp">)</span></samp>&rsquo;.
- <br><dt><code>ieeetr</code><dd><a name="index-ieeetr_002ebst-617"></a>Numeric labels, entries in citation order, <span class="sc">ieee</span> abbreviations,
+ <br><dt><code>ieeetr</code><dd><a name="index-ieeetr_002ebst-573"></a>Numeric labels, entries in citation order, <span class="sc">ieee</span> abbreviations,
article titles in quotes.
- <br><dt><code>siam</code><dd><a name="index-siam_002ebst-618"></a>Numeric labels, alphabetic order, <cite>Math. Reviews</cite>
+ <br><dt><code>siam</code><dd><a name="index-siam_002ebst-574"></a>Numeric labels, alphabetic order, <cite>Math. Reviews</cite>
abbreviations, names in small caps.
- <br><dt><code>unsrt</code><dd><a name="index-unsrt_002ebst-619"></a>Lists entries in citation order, i.e., unsorted.
+ <br><dt><code>unsrt</code><dd><a name="index-unsrt_002ebst-575"></a>Lists entries in citation order, i.e., unsorted.
<br><dt><code>btxbst.doc</code><dd>The template file and documentation for the standard styles.
</dl>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="WEB"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
@@ -2835,16 +2642,15 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<h2 class="chapter">8 WEB: Literate programming</h2>
-<p><a name="index-WEB-620"></a><a name="index-literate-programming-621"></a>
-<a name="index-litprog_0040_0040shsu_002eedu-622"></a><dfn>WEB</dfn> languages allow you to write a single source file that can
+<p><a name="index-WEB-576"></a><a name="index-literate-programming-577"></a>
+<dfn>WEB</dfn> languages allow you to write a single source file that can
produce both a compilable program and a well-formatted document
describing the program in as much detail as you wish to prepare.
Writing in this kind of dual-purpose language is called <dfn>literate
programming</dfn>. (The Usenet newsgroup <samp><span class="file">comp.programming.literate</span></samp>
-and the mailing list <a href="mailto:litprog@shsu.edu">litprog@shsu.edu</a> are devoted to this
-subject; they are gatewayed to each other.)
+is devoted to this subject.)
- <p><a name="index-webman_002etex-623"></a><a name="index-Spiderweb-624"></a><a name="index-Cweb-625"></a><a name="index-CWEB-626"></a><a name="index-Awk_002c-WEB-for-627"></a><a name="index-Ada_002c-WEB-for-628"></a><a name="index-Troff_002c-WEB-for-629"></a>WEB-like languages have been implemented with many pairs of base
+ <p><a name="index-webman_002etex-578"></a><a name="index-Spiderweb-579"></a><a name="index-Cweb-580"></a><a name="index-CWEB-581"></a><a name="index-Awk_002c-WEB-for-582"></a><a name="index-Ada_002c-WEB-for-583"></a><a name="index-Troff_002c-WEB-for-584"></a>WEB-like languages have been implemented with many pairs of base
languages: Cweb provides C and Troff (see <a href="#References">References</a>); CWEB provides
C and TeX (<samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/web/c_cpp/cweb</span></samp>); Spiderweb provides C,
C++, Awk, Ada, many others, and TeX
@@ -2864,8 +2670,8 @@ which is included in the <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/lib.tar.gz">ftp://ftp.tu
</ul>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="tangle-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#WEB">WEB</a>
@@ -2873,18 +2679,18 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#WEB">WEB</a>
<h3 class="section">8.1 Tangle: Translate WEB to Pascal</h3>
-<p><a name="index-tangle-630"></a><a name="index-Pascal_002c-creating-from-WEB-631"></a><a name="index-WEB-programs_002c-compiling-632"></a>
+<p><a name="index-tangle-585"></a><a name="index-Pascal_002c-creating-from-WEB-586"></a><a name="index-WEB-programs_002c-compiling-587"></a>
Tangle creates a compilable Pascal program from a WEB source file
(see <a href="#WEB">WEB</a>). Synopsis:
<pre class="example"> tangle [<var>option</var>]... <var>webfile</var>[.web] [<var>changefile</var>[.ch]]
</pre>
- <p><a name="index-change-files_002c-and-Tangle-633"></a>The Pascal output is written to the basename of <var>webfile</var> extended
+ <p><a name="index-change-files_002c-and-Tangle-588"></a>The Pascal output is written to the basename of <var>webfile</var> extended
with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.p</span></samp>&rsquo;; for example, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">tangle /wherever/foo.web</span></samp>&rsquo; creates
<samp><span class="file">./foo.p</span></samp>. Tangle applies <var>changefile</var> to <var>webfile</var> before
writing the output; by default, there is no change file.
- <p><a name="index-pool-file_002c-writing-634"></a><a name="index-string-pool_002c-writing-635"></a>If the program makes use of the WEB string facility, Tangle writes the
+ <p><a name="index-pool-file_002c-writing-589"></a><a name="index-string-pool_002c-writing-590"></a>If the program makes use of the WEB string facility, Tangle writes the
string pool to the basename of <var>webfile</var> extended with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.pool</span></samp>&rsquo;.
<p>The Pascal output is packed into lines of 72 characters or less, with
@@ -2895,20 +2701,20 @@ semicolons when this can be done conveniently.
&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>):
<dl>
-<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-length=</span><var>number</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dlength_003d_0040var_007bnumber_007d-636"></a><a name="index-identifier-length-637"></a>The number of characters that are considered significant in an
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-length=</span><var>number</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dlength_003d_0040var_007bnumber_007d-591"></a><a name="index-identifier-length-592"></a>The number of characters that are considered significant in an
identifier. Whether underline characters are counted depends on the
&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-underline</span></samp>&rsquo; option. The default value is 32, the original tangle
used 7, but this proved too restrictive for use by Web2c.
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-lowercase</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-mixedcase</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-uppercase</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dlowercase-638"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dmixedcase-639"></a><a name="index-g_t_002duppercase-640"></a><a name="index-identifier-case-641"></a>These options specify the case of identifiers in the output of tangle.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-lowercase</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-mixedcase</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-uppercase</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dlowercase-593"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dmixedcase-594"></a><a name="index-g_t_002duppercase-595"></a><a name="index-identifier-case-596"></a>These options specify the case of identifiers in the output of tangle.
If &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-uppercase</span></samp>&rsquo; (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-lowercase</span></samp>&rsquo;) is specified, tangle will
convert all identfiers to uppercase (lowercase). The default is
&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-mixedcase</span></samp>&rsquo;, which specifies that the case will not be changed.
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-underline</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dunderline-642"></a><a name="index-identifiers-with-underlines-643"></a>When this option is given, tangle does not strip underline characters
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-underline</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dunderline-597"></a><a name="index-identifiers-with-underlines-598"></a>When this option is given, tangle does not strip underline characters
from identifiers.
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-loose</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-strict</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dloose-644"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dstrict-645"></a><a name="index-identifier-collisions-646"></a>These options specify how strict tangle must be when checking
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-loose</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-strict</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dloose-599"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dstrict-600"></a><a name="index-identifier-collisions-601"></a>These options specify how strict tangle must be when checking
identifiers for equality. The default is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-loose</span></samp>&rsquo;, which means
that tangle will follow the rules set by the case-smashing and underline
options above. If &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-strict</span></samp>&rsquo; is set, then identifiers will always
@@ -2918,8 +2724,8 @@ whether they collide.
</dl>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="weave-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#WEB">WEB</a>
@@ -2928,7 +2734,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#WEB">WEB</a>
<h3 class="section">8.2 Weave: Translate WEB to TeX</h3>
-<p><a name="index-weave-647"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-creating-from-WEB-648"></a><a name="index-WEB-programs_002c-typesetting-649"></a><a name="index-prettyprinting-WEB-programs-650"></a>
+<p><a name="index-weave-602"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-creating-from-WEB-603"></a><a name="index-WEB-programs_002c-typesetting-604"></a><a name="index-prettyprinting-WEB-programs-605"></a>
Weave creates a TeX document from a WEB source file (see <a href="#WEB">WEB</a>),
assuming various macros defined in <samp><span class="file">webmac.tex</span></samp>. It takes care of
typographic details such as page layout, indentation, and italicizing
@@ -2937,7 +2743,7 @@ cross-reference information. Synopsis:
<pre class="example"> weave [<var>option</var>]... <var>webfile</var>[.web] [<var>changefile</var>[.ch]]
</pre>
- <p><a name="index-change-files_002c-and-Weave-651"></a>The output is to the basename of <var>webfile</var> extended with
+ <p><a name="index-change-files_002c-and-Weave-606"></a>The output is to the basename of <var>webfile</var> extended with
&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.tex</span></samp>&rsquo;; for example, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">weave /wherever/foo.web</span></samp>&rsquo; creates
<samp><span class="file">./foo.tex</span></samp>. Weave applies <var>changefile</var> to <var>webfile</var>
before writing the output; by default, there is no change file.
@@ -2945,7 +2751,7 @@ before writing the output; by default, there is no change file.
<p>The program accepts the following option, as well as the standard
&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-verbose</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>):
<dl>
-<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-x</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dx-652"></a><a name="index-cross_002dreferences_002c-omitting-653"></a><a name="index-CONTENTS_002etex-654"></a><a name="index-webmac_002etex-655"></a>Omit the cross-reference information: the index, the list of WEB module
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-x</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dx-607"></a><a name="index-cross_002dreferences_002c-omitting-608"></a><a name="index-CONTENTS_002etex-609"></a><a name="index-webmac_002etex-610"></a>Omit the cross-reference information: the index, the list of WEB module
names, and the table of contents (an empty <samp><span class="file">CONTENTS.tex</span></samp> file will
still be written when the Weave output file is processed by TeX using
the default <samp><span class="file">webmac.tex</span></samp>, though).
@@ -2957,8 +2763,8 @@ changed modules, one can say <code>\let\maybe=\iffalse</code> (usually as the
first change in the change file).
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="pooltype-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#WEB">WEB</a>
@@ -2966,7 +2772,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#WEB">WEB</a>
<h3 class="section">8.3 Pooltype: Display WEB pool files</h3>
-<p><a name="index-pooltype-656"></a><a name="index-type-programs_002c-pool-657"></a><a name="index-string-numbers_002c-displaying-658"></a><a name="index-WEB-pool-files_002c-displaying-659"></a>
+<p><a name="index-pooltype-611"></a><a name="index-type-programs_002c-pool-612"></a><a name="index-string-numbers_002c-displaying-613"></a><a name="index-WEB-pool-files_002c-displaying-614"></a>
Pooltype shows the so-called <dfn>string number</dfn> of each string in a WEB
pool file (see <a href="#WEB">WEB</a>), as output by Tangle (see <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a>), including the first 256 strings corresponding to the
possible input characters. Pooltype primarily serves as an example of
@@ -2989,14 +2795,14 @@ output.
1314: "Using character substitution: "
(23617 characters in all.)
</pre>
- <p><a name="index-representation-of-strings-660"></a><a name="index-string-representation-661"></a>In Metafont and MetaPost, the first 256 characters are actually
+ <p><a name="index-representation-of-strings-615"></a><a name="index-string-representation-616"></a>In Metafont and MetaPost, the first 256 characters are actually
represented as single bytes (i.e., themselves), not in the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">^^</span></samp>&rsquo;
notation. Consider Pooltype as showing the results after conversion for
output.
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="DVI-utilities"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#WEB">WEB</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
@@ -3005,7 +2811,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<h2 class="chapter">9 DVI utilities</h2>
-<p><a name="index-DVI-utilities-662"></a>
+<p><a name="index-DVI-utilities-617"></a>
TeX outputs a file in <dfn>DVI</dfn> (DeVice Independent) format as a
compact representation of the original document. DVI files can be
translated to meet the requirements of a real physical device, such as
@@ -3014,7 +2820,7 @@ printers (see dvilj(1)), and X displays (see xdvi(1)). In fact, DVI
translators are available for virtually all common devices: see
<samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/dviware</span></samp> (for CTAN info, see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>).
- <p><a name="index-dvitype_002eweb-663"></a><a name="index-DVI-format-definition-664"></a>For the precise definition of the DVI file format, see (for example) the
+ <p><a name="index-dvitype_002eweb-618"></a><a name="index-DVI-format-definition-619"></a>For the precise definition of the DVI file format, see (for example) the
source file <samp><span class="file">web2c/dvitype.web</span></samp>.
<p>The DVI-processing programs in the Web2c distribution are not device
@@ -3026,8 +2832,8 @@ drivers; they perform generic utility functions.
</ul>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="dvicopy-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a>
@@ -3035,7 +2841,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a>
<h3 class="section">9.1 DVIcopy: Canonicalize virtual font references</h3>
-<p><a name="index-dvicopy-665"></a><a name="index-virtual-fonts_002c-expanding-666"></a>
+<p><a name="index-dvicopy-620"></a><a name="index-virtual-fonts_002c-expanding-621"></a>
DVIcopy reads a DVI file, expands any references to virtual fonts
(see <a href="dvips.html#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>) to base fonts, and writes the
resulting DVI file. Thus you can use virtual fonts even if your DVI
@@ -3050,21 +2856,21 @@ standard output if <var>outdvi</var> is not specified.
<p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard
&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>):
<dl>
-<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-magnification=</span><var>integer</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmagnification_003d_0040var_007binteger_007d-667"></a><a name="index-magnification-668"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cmag-669"></a>Override existing magnification in <var>indvi</var> with <var>integer</var>; 1000
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-magnification=</span><var>integer</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmagnification_003d_0040var_007binteger_007d-622"></a><a name="index-magnification-623"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cmag-624"></a>Override existing magnification in <var>indvi</var> with <var>integer</var>; 1000
specifies no magnification. This is equivalent to setting TeX's
<code>\mag</code> parameter.
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-max-pages=</span><var>n</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmax_002dpages_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-670"></a>Process <var>n</var> pages; default is one million.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-max-pages=</span><var>n</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmax_002dpages_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-625"></a>Process <var>n</var> pages; default is one million.
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-page-start=</span><var>page-spec</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dpage_002dstart_003d_0040var_007bpage_002dspec_007d-671"></a><a name="index-starting-page-672"></a><a name="index-page_002c-starting-673"></a><a name="index-g_t_005ccount_0040var_007bn_007d-674"></a>Start at the first page matching <var>page-spec</var>, which is one or more
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-page-start=</span><var>page-spec</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dpage_002dstart_003d_0040var_007bpage_002dspec_007d-626"></a><a name="index-starting-page-627"></a><a name="index-page_002c-starting-628"></a><a name="index-g_t_005ccount_0040var_007bn_007d-629"></a>Start at the first page matching <var>page-spec</var>, which is one or more
(signed) integers separated by periods, corresponding to TeX's
<code>\count0...9</code> parameters at <code>\shipout</code> time; &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>&rsquo;
matches anything. Examples: &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">3</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">1.*.-4</span></samp>&rsquo;.
</dl>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="dvitype-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a>
@@ -3072,7 +2878,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a>
<h3 class="section">9.2 DVItype: Plain text transliteration of DVI files</h3>
-<p><a name="index-dvitype-_0040r_007bDVI-validation_007d-675"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-DVI-to-plain-text-676"></a><a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-DVI-to-677"></a><a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-DVI-to-678"></a><a name="index-type-programs_002c-DVI-679"></a><a name="index-validation_002c-of-DVI-files-680"></a>
+<p><a name="index-dvitype-_0040r_007bDVI-validation_007d-630"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-DVI-to-plain-text-631"></a><a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-DVI-to-632"></a><a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-DVI-to-633"></a><a name="index-type-programs_002c-DVI-634"></a><a name="index-validation_002c-of-DVI-files-635"></a>
DVItype translates a DeVice Independent (DVI) file (as output by TeX,
for example) to a plain text file that humans can read. It also serves
as a DVI-validating program, i.e., if DVItype can read a file, it's
@@ -3091,16 +2897,16 @@ relevant paths, set the environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to
<p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard
&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>):
<dl>
-<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-dpi=</span><var>real</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ddpi_003d_0040var_007breal_007d-681"></a>Do pixel movement calculations at <var>real</var> pixels per inch; default
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-dpi=</span><var>real</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ddpi_003d_0040var_007breal_007d-636"></a>Do pixel movement calculations at <var>real</var> pixels per inch; default
300.0.
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-magnification=</span><var>integer</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmagnification_003d_0040var_007binteger_007d-682"></a><a name="index-magnification-683"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cmag-684"></a>Override existing magnification in <var>indvi</var> with <var>integer</var>; 1000
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-magnification=</span><var>integer</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmagnification_003d_0040var_007binteger_007d-637"></a><a name="index-magnification-638"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cmag-639"></a>Override existing magnification in <var>indvi</var> with <var>integer</var>; 1000
specifies no magnification. This is equivalent to setting TeX's
<code>\mag</code> parameter.
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-max-pages=</span><var>n</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmax_002dpages_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-685"></a>Process <var>n</var> pages; default is one million.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-max-pages=</span><var>n</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmax_002dpages_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-640"></a>Process <var>n</var> pages; default is one million.
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-output-level=</span><var>n</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002doutput_002dlevel_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-686"></a>Verbosity level of output, from 0 to 4 (default 4):
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-output-level=</span><var>n</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002doutput_002dlevel_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-641"></a>Verbosity level of output, from 0 to 4 (default 4):
<ul>
<li>0: Global document information only.
<li>1: Most DVI commands included, and typeset characters summarized.
@@ -3110,12 +2916,12 @@ specifies no magnification. This is equivalent to setting TeX's
in the file, reading the DVI postamble first.
</ul>
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-page-start=</span><var>page-spec</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dpage_002dstart_003d_0040var_007bpage_002dspec_007d-687"></a><a name="index-starting-page-688"></a><a name="index-page_002c-starting-689"></a><a name="index-g_t_005ccount_0040var_007bn_007d-690"></a>Start at the first page matching <var>page-spec</var>, which is one or more
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-page-start=</span><var>page-spec</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dpage_002dstart_003d_0040var_007bpage_002dspec_007d-642"></a><a name="index-starting-page-643"></a><a name="index-page_002c-starting-644"></a><a name="index-g_t_005ccount_0040var_007bn_007d-645"></a>Start at the first page matching <var>page-spec</var>, which is one or more
(signed) integers separated by periods, corresponding to TeX's
<code>\count0...9</code> parameters at <code>\shipout</code> time; &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>&rsquo;
matches anything. Examples: &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">1</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">5.*.-9</span></samp>&rsquo;.
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-show-opcodes</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dshow_002dopcodes-691"></a><a name="index-opcodes_002c-showing-DVI-692"></a><a name="index-DVI-opcodes_002c-showing-693"></a><a name="index-debugging-DVI-utilities-694"></a>Show numeric opcode values (in decimal) for DVI commands, in braces
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-show-opcodes</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dshow_002dopcodes-646"></a><a name="index-opcodes_002c-showing-DVI-647"></a><a name="index-DVI-opcodes_002c-showing-648"></a><a name="index-debugging-DVI-utilities-649"></a>Show numeric opcode values (in decimal) for DVI commands, in braces
after the command name. This can help in debugging DVI utilities. We
use decimal because in the DVI format documentation (in
<samp><span class="file">dvitype.web</span></samp>, among others) the opcodes are shown in decimal.
@@ -3126,15 +2932,15 @@ use decimal because in the DVI format documentation (in
</ul>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="dvitype-output-example"></a>
+<p><hr>
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">9.2.1 DVItype output example</h4>
-<p><a name="index-dvitype-output-example-695"></a>As an example of the output from DVItype (see section above), here is
+<p><a name="index-dvitype-output-example-650"></a>As an example of the output from DVItype (see section above), here is
its (abridged) translation of the <samp><span class="file">story.dvi</span></samp> resulting from
running the example in <cite>The TeXbook</cite>, with
&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-output-level=4</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-show-opcodes</span></samp>&rsquo; on.
@@ -3211,8 +3017,8 @@ STORY]</span></samp>&rsquo; and the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">[ 1]</span><
</ul>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Font-utilities"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Legalisms">Legalisms</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
@@ -3221,13 +3027,13 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<h2 class="chapter">10 Font utilities</h2>
-<p><a name="index-font-utilities-696"></a>
+<p><a name="index-font-utilities-651"></a>
The Web2c programs described here convert between various TeX-related
font formats; the first section below briefly describes the
formats. GFtoPK is the only one that is routinely used, as Metafont
outputs GF format, but it's most efficient for device drivers to use PK.
- <p><a name="index-pktype_002eweb-697"></a><a name="index-gftype_002eweb-698"></a><a name="index-PK-format-definition-699"></a><a name="index-GF-format-definition-700"></a>The precise definitions of the PK, GF, TFM, PL, VF, and VPL formats
+ <p><a name="index-pktype_002eweb-652"></a><a name="index-gftype_002eweb-653"></a><a name="index-PK-format-definition-654"></a><a name="index-GF-format-definition-655"></a>The precise definitions of the PK, GF, TFM, PL, VF, and VPL formats
mentioned below are in the source files that read them;
<samp><span class="file">pktype.web</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">gftype.web</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">tftopl.web</span></samp>, etc.
@@ -3245,8 +3051,8 @@ mentioned below are in the source files that read them;
</ul>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Font-file-formats"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>
@@ -3254,7 +3060,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>
<h3 class="section">10.1 Font file formats</h3>
-<p><a name="index-font-file-formats-701"></a><a name="index-file-formats-for-fonts-702"></a>
+<p><a name="index-font-file-formats-656"></a><a name="index-file-formats-for-fonts-657"></a>
(For another perspective on this, see <a href="dvips.html#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>).
<p>Font files come in several varieties, with suffixes like:
@@ -3262,7 +3068,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>
</pre>
<p class="noindent">Each represents a file format.
- <p><a name="index-TFM-files_002c-explained-703"></a>A TFM (TeX font metric) file is a compact binary file that contains
+ <p><a name="index-TFM-files_002c-explained-658"></a>A TFM (TeX font metric) file is a compact binary file that contains
information about each character in a font, about combinations of
characters within that font, and about the font as a whole. The font
metric information contained in TFM files is device-independent units is
@@ -3271,7 +3077,7 @@ described below, TFM font files contain no information about the shapes
of characters. They describe rectangular areas and combinations
thereof, but not what will eventually be printed in those areas.
- <p><a name="index-scaling-of-fonts-704"></a><a name="index-optical-font-scaling-705"></a><a name="index-geometric-font-scaling-706"></a><a name="index-PostScript_002c-and-font-scaling-707"></a>Since TeX does scaling calculations, one TFM file serves for all
+ <p><a name="index-scaling-of-fonts-659"></a><a name="index-optical-font-scaling-660"></a><a name="index-geometric-font-scaling-661"></a><a name="index-PostScript_002c-and-font-scaling-662"></a>Since TeX does scaling calculations, one TFM file serves for all
magnifications of a given typeface. On the other hand, the best printed
results are obtained when magnified (or reduced fonts) are not produced
geometrically (as done by PostScript, for example) but rather optically,
@@ -3279,7 +3085,7 @@ with each size a separate design (as done with Computer Modern and the
EC fonts, for example); then a separate TFM file is needed for each
size.
- <p><a name="index-DVI-files_002c-explained-708"></a>At any rate, TeX produces a DVI (DeVice Independent) file from your
+ <p><a name="index-DVI-files_002c-explained-663"></a>At any rate, TeX produces a DVI (DeVice Independent) file from your
source document. In order to print DVI files on real devices, you need
font files defining digitized character shapes and other data. Then
previewers and printer-driver programs can translate your DVI files into
@@ -3290,14 +3096,14 @@ font was produced, and the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>&rsqu
indicates the font format. Outline fonts in PostScript Type 1 format
have suffixes such as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.pfa</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.pfb</span></samp>&rsquo;.
- <p><a name="index-PXL-files_002c-explained-709"></a><a name="index-PK-files_002c-explained-710"></a><a name="index-GF-files_002c-explained-711"></a>Fonts in pk (packed) format are in the tightly packed raster format that
+ <p><a name="index-PXL-files_002c-explained-664"></a><a name="index-PK-files_002c-explained-665"></a><a name="index-GF-files_002c-explained-666"></a>Fonts in pk (packed) format are in the tightly packed raster format that
is pretty much the standard today. They take up less space than fonts
in the gf (generic font) format that Metafont generates, and far less
space than fonts in pxl format. Fonts in pxl format take up gross
amounts of disk space and permit only 128 characters. They are
obsolete.
- <p><a name="index-PL-files_002c-explained-712"></a>Font files with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.pl</span></samp>&rsquo; (property list) suffix are the plain text
+ <p><a name="index-PL-files_002c-explained-667"></a>Font files with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.pl</span></samp>&rsquo; (property list) suffix are the plain text
(human-readable) analog of the binary &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>&rsquo; files.
The TFtoPL and PLtoTF programs convert between the two formats
(see <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a> and <a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a>).
@@ -3307,18 +3113,18 @@ These are the files used by Metafont to generate rastered fonts for
specific typefaces at specific magnifications for the specific
resolution and type of mapping used by your device.
- <p><a name="index-virtual_002dfonts_002eknuth-713"></a><a name="index-virtualfonts_002etxt-714"></a>The suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>&rsquo; identifies &ldquo;virtual font&rdquo; files, for which
+ <p><a name="index-virtual_002dfonts_002eknuth-668"></a><a name="index-virtualfonts_002etxt-669"></a>The suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>&rsquo; identifies &ldquo;virtual font&rdquo; files, for which
&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.vpl</span></samp>&rsquo; is the human-readable analog. See See <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a>,
and <a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a>. For further discussion of virtual fonts,
see <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/doc/virtual-fonts.knuth</span></samp>,
<samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/help/virtualfonts.txt</span></samp>, and <a href="dvips.html#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>.
- <p><a name="index-MacKay_002c-Pierre-715"></a><a name="index-Tachikawa_002c-Elizabeth-716"></a>(This section is based on documentation in the original Unix TeX
+ <p><a name="index-MacKay_002c-Pierre-670"></a><a name="index-Tachikawa_002c-Elizabeth-671"></a>(This section is based on documentation in the original Unix TeX
distribution by Pierre MacKay and Elizabeth Tachikawa.)
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="gftopk-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>
@@ -3327,7 +3133,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>
<h3 class="section">10.2 GFtoPK: Generic to packed font conversion</h3>
-<p><a name="index-gftopk-717"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-GF-to-PK-718"></a><a name="index-PK_002c-converting-GF-to-719"></a><a name="index-GF_002c-converting-to-PK-720"></a>
+<p><a name="index-gftopk-672"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-GF-to-PK-673"></a><a name="index-PK_002c-converting-GF-to-674"></a><a name="index-GF_002c-converting-to-PK-675"></a>
GFtoPK converts a generic font (GF) file output by, for example,
Metafont (see <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a>) to a packed font (PK) file. PK files
are considerably smaller than the corresponding gf files, so they are
@@ -3353,8 +3159,8 @@ of &lsquo;<samp><var>gfname</var><span class="samp">.</span><var>dpi</var><span
&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>).
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="pktogf-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>
@@ -3363,7 +3169,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>
<h3 class="section">10.3 PKtoGF: Packed to generic font conversion</h3>
-<p><a name="index-pktogf-721"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-PK-to-GF-722"></a><a name="index-GF_002c-converting-PK-to-723"></a><a name="index-PK_002c-converting-to-GF-724"></a>
+<p><a name="index-pktogf-676"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-PK-to-GF-677"></a><a name="index-GF_002c-converting-PK-to-678"></a><a name="index-PK_002c-converting-to-GF-679"></a>
PKtoGF converts a packed font (PK) file to a generic font (GF) file.
Since PK format is much more compact than GF format, the most likely
reason to do this is to run GFtype (see <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a>) on the
@@ -3388,8 +3194,8 @@ of &lsquo;<samp><var>pkname</var><span class="samp">.</span><var>dpi</var><span
&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>).
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="pktype-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>
@@ -3398,7 +3204,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>
<h3 class="section">10.4 PKtype: Plain text transliteration of packed fonts</h3>
-<p><a name="index-pktype-_0040r_007bPK-validation_007d-725"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-PK-to-plain-text-726"></a><a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-PK-to-727"></a><a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-PK-to-728"></a><a name="index-type-programs_002c-PK-729"></a><a name="index-validation_002c-of-PK-files-730"></a>
+<p><a name="index-pktype-_0040r_007bPK-validation_007d-680"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-PK-to-plain-text-681"></a><a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-PK-to-682"></a><a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-PK-to-683"></a><a name="index-type-programs_002c-PK-684"></a><a name="index-validation_002c-of-PK-files-685"></a>
PKtype translates a packed font (PK) bitmap file (as output by GFtoPK,
for example) to a plain text file that humans can read. It also serves
as a PK-validating program, i.e., if PKtype can read a file, it's
@@ -3434,23 +3240,23 @@ letter `K' in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">cmr10</span></samp>&rsquo;, as ren
<p class="noindent">Explanation:
<dl>
-<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">955</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-byte-position-731"></a>The byte position in the file where this character starts.
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">955</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-byte-position-686"></a>The byte position in the file where this character starts.
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Flag byte</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Dynamic packing variable</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-flag-byte-732"></a><a name="index-dynamic-packing-variable-733"></a>Related to the packing for this character; see the source code.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Flag byte</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Dynamic packing variable</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-flag-byte-687"></a><a name="index-dynamic-packing-variable-688"></a>Related to the packing for this character; see the source code.
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Character</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-character-codes_002c-in-PKtype-output-734"></a>The character code, in decimal.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Character</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-character-codes_002c-in-PKtype-output-689"></a>The character code, in decimal.
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Packet length</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-packet-length-735"></a>The total length of this character definition, in bytes.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Packet length</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-packet-length-690"></a>The total length of this character definition, in bytes.
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">TFM width</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-TFM-width-of-characters-736"></a><a name="index-device_002dindependent-width-737"></a><a name="index-width_002c-device_002dindependent-738"></a>The device-independent (TFM) width of this character. It is 2^24
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">TFM width</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-TFM-width-of-characters-691"></a><a name="index-device_002dindependent-width-692"></a><a name="index-width_002c-device_002dindependent-693"></a>The device-independent (TFM) width of this character. It is 2^24
times the ratio of the true width to the font's design size.
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dx</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-horizontal-escapement-739"></a><a name="index-escapement_002c-horizontal-740"></a><a name="index-scaled-pixels-741"></a><a name="index-dx-_0040r_007bhorizontal-escapement_007d-742"></a>The device-dependent width, in <dfn>scaled pixels</dfn>, i.e., units of
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dx</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-horizontal-escapement-694"></a><a name="index-escapement_002c-horizontal-695"></a><a name="index-scaled-pixels-696"></a><a name="index-dx-_0040r_007bhorizontal-escapement_007d-697"></a>The device-dependent width, in <dfn>scaled pixels</dfn>, i.e., units of
horizontal pixels times 2^16.
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Height</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Width</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-height_002c-in-pixels-743"></a><a name="index-pixel-height-744"></a><a name="index-pixel-width-745"></a><a name="index-width_002c-in-pixels-746"></a>The bitmap height and width, in pixels.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Height</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Width</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-height_002c-in-pixels-698"></a><a name="index-pixel-height-699"></a><a name="index-pixel-width-700"></a><a name="index-width_002c-in-pixels-701"></a>The bitmap height and width, in pixels.
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">X-offset</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Y-offset</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-x-offset-747"></a><a name="index-y-offset-748"></a><a name="index-origin-749"></a><a name="index-reference-pixel-750"></a><a name="index-side-bearings-751"></a><a name="index-left-side-bearing-752"></a><a name="index-right-side-bearing-753"></a>Horizontal and vertical offset from the upper left pixel to the
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">X-offset</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Y-offset</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-x-offset-702"></a><a name="index-y-offset-703"></a><a name="index-origin-704"></a><a name="index-reference-pixel-705"></a><a name="index-side-bearings-706"></a><a name="index-left-side-bearing-707"></a><a name="index-right-side-bearing-708"></a>Horizontal and vertical offset from the upper left pixel to the
reference (origin) pixel for this character, in pixels (right and down
are positive). The <dfn>reference pixel</dfn> is the pixel that occupies the
unit square in Metafont; the Metafont reference point is the lower left
@@ -3458,13 +3264,13 @@ hand corner of this pixel. Put another way, the x-offset is the negative
of the left side bearing; the right side bearing is the horizontal
escapement minus the bitmap width plus the x-offset.
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">[2]23(16)...</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-run-length-encoded-bitmaps-754"></a><a name="index-repeated-rows-755"></a>Finally, run lengths of black pixels alternate with parenthesized run
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">[2]23(16)...</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-run-length-encoded-bitmaps-709"></a><a name="index-repeated-rows-710"></a>Finally, run lengths of black pixels alternate with parenthesized run
lengths of white pixels, and brackets indicate a repeated row.
</dl>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="gftype-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>
@@ -3473,7 +3279,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>
<h3 class="section">10.5 GFtype: Plain text transliteration of generic fonts</h3>
-<p><a name="index-gftype-_0040r_007bGF-validation_007d-756"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-GF-to-plain-text-757"></a><a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-GF-to-758"></a><a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-GF-to-759"></a><a name="index-type-programs_002c-GF-760"></a><a name="index-validation_002c-of-GF-files-761"></a>
+<p><a name="index-gftype-_0040r_007bGF-validation_007d-711"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-GF-to-plain-text-712"></a><a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-GF-to-713"></a><a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-GF-to-714"></a><a name="index-type-programs_002c-GF-715"></a><a name="index-validation_002c-of-GF-files-716"></a>
GFtype translates a generic font (GF) bitmap file (as output by
Metafont, for example) to a plain text file that humans can read. It
also serves as a GF-validating program, i.e., if GFtype can read a file,
@@ -3493,9 +3299,9 @@ not an extension; no &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>&rsquo; prec
<p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard
&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>):
<dl>
-<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-images</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dimages-762"></a>Show the characters' bitmaps using asterisks and spaces.
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-images</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dimages-717"></a>Show the characters' bitmaps using asterisks and spaces.
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-mnemonics</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmnemonics-763"></a>Translate all commands in the GF file.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-mnemonics</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmnemonics-718"></a>Translate all commands in the GF file.
</dl>
<p>As an example of the output, here is the (abrdiged) translation of the
@@ -3542,22 +3348,22 @@ main definition:
<p class="noindent">Explanation:
<dl>
-<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">2033</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">2043</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">...</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-byte-position-764"></a>The byte position in the file where each GF command starts.
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">2033</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">2043</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">...</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-byte-position-719"></a>The byte position in the file where each GF command starts.
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">beginning of char 75</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-character-codes_002c-in-GFtype-output-765"></a>The character code, in decimal.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">beginning of char 75</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-character-codes_002c-in-GFtype-output-720"></a>The character code, in decimal.
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">3&lt;=m&lt;=60 0&lt;=n&lt;=56</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-left-side-bearing-766"></a><a name="index-right-side-bearing-767"></a><a name="index-side-bearings-768"></a>The character's bitmap lies between 3 and 60 (inclusive) horizontally,
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">3&lt;=m&lt;=60 0&lt;=n&lt;=56</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-left-side-bearing-721"></a><a name="index-right-side-bearing-722"></a><a name="index-side-bearings-723"></a>The character's bitmap lies between 3 and 60 (inclusive) horizontally,
and between 0 and 56 (inclusive) vertically. (m is a column
position and n is a row position.) Thus, 3 is the left side
bearing. The right side bearing is the horizontal escapement (given
below) minus the maximum m.
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">(initially n=56) paint (0)24(12)20</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-run-length-encoded-bitmaps-769"></a>The first row of pixels: 0 white pixels, 24 black pixels, 12 white
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">(initially n=56) paint (0)24(12)20</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-run-length-encoded-bitmaps-724"></a>The first row of pixels: 0 white pixels, 24 black pixels, 12 white
pixels, etc.
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">newrow 0 (n=55) paint 24(12)20</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-newrow-_0040r_007bGF-command_007d-770"></a>The second row of pixels, with zero leading white pixels on the row.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">newrow 0 (n=55) paint 24(12)20</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-newrow-_0040r_007bGF-command_007d-725"></a>The second row of pixels, with zero leading white pixels on the row.
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">eoc</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-eoc-_0040r_007bGF-command_007d-771"></a>The end of the main character definition.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">eoc</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-eoc-_0040r_007bGF-command_007d-726"></a>The end of the main character definition.
</dl>
@@ -3568,12 +3374,12 @@ pixels, etc.
<p>Explanation:
<dl>
-<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dx</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-horizontal-escapement-772"></a><a name="index-escapement_002c-horizontal-773"></a><a name="index-vertical-escapement-774"></a><a name="index-escapement_002c-vertical-775"></a><a name="index-scaled-pixels-776"></a><a name="index-dx-_0040r_007bhorizontal-escapement_007d-777"></a><a name="index-dy-_0040r_007bvertical-escapement_007d-778"></a>The device-dependent width, in <dfn>scaled pixels</dfn>, i.e., units of
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dx</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-horizontal-escapement-727"></a><a name="index-escapement_002c-horizontal-728"></a><a name="index-vertical-escapement-729"></a><a name="index-escapement_002c-vertical-730"></a><a name="index-scaled-pixels-731"></a><a name="index-dx-_0040r_007bhorizontal-escapement_007d-732"></a><a name="index-dy-_0040r_007bvertical-escapement_007d-733"></a>The device-dependent width, in <dfn>scaled pixels</dfn>, i.e., units of
horizontal pixels times 2^16. The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">(65)</span></samp>&rsquo; is simply the same number
rounded. If the vertical escapement is nonzero, it would appear here as
a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dy</span></samp>&rsquo; value.
- <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">width</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-TFM-width-of-characters-779"></a><a name="index-device_002dindependent-width-780"></a><a name="index-width_002c-device_002dindependent-781"></a>The device-independent (TFM) width of this character. It is 2^24
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">width</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-TFM-width-of-characters-734"></a><a name="index-device_002dindependent-width-735"></a><a name="index-width_002c-device_002dindependent-736"></a>The device-independent (TFM) width of this character. It is 2^24
times the ratio of the true width to the font's design size. The
&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">64.57289</span></samp>&rsquo; is the same number converted to pixels.
@@ -3582,8 +3388,8 @@ times the ratio of the true width to the font's design size. The
</dl>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="tftopl-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>
@@ -3592,7 +3398,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>
<h3 class="section">10.6 TFtoPL: TeX font metric to property list conversion</h3>
-<p><a name="index-tftopl-782"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-TFM-to-property-list-783"></a><a name="index-validation_002c-of-TFM-files-784"></a><a name="index-property-list_002c-converting-TFM-to-785"></a><a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-TFM-to-786"></a><a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-TFM-to-787"></a>
+<p><a name="index-tftopl-737"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-TFM-to-property-list-738"></a><a name="index-validation_002c-of-TFM-files-739"></a><a name="index-property-list_002c-converting-TFM-to-740"></a><a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-TFM-to-741"></a><a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-TFM-to-742"></a>
TFtoPL translates a TeX font metric (TFM, see <a href="dvips.html#Metric-files">Metric files</a>) file (as output by Metafont, for example) to
<dfn>property list format</dfn> (a list of parenthesized items describing the
font) that humans can edit or read. This program is mostly used by
@@ -3614,7 +3420,7 @@ program TFtoPL (see the next section).
<p>The program accepts the following option, as well as the standard
&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-verbose</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>):
<dl>
-<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-charcode-format=</span><var>type</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dcharcode_002dformat_003d_0040var_007btype_007d-788"></a>Output character codes in the PL file according to <var>type</var>: either
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-charcode-format=</span><var>type</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dcharcode_002dformat_003d_0040var_007btype_007d-743"></a>Output character codes in the PL file according to <var>type</var>: either
&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">octal</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ascii</span></samp>&rsquo;. Default is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ascii</span></samp>&rsquo; for letters and
digits, octal for all other characters. Exception: if the font's coding
scheme starts with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">TeX math sy</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">TeX math ex</span></samp>&rsquo;, all
@@ -3631,7 +3437,7 @@ where using ASCII characters for the character codes is merely
confusing.
</dl>
- <p><a name="index-property-list-format-789"></a>As an example of the output, here is the (abridged) property list
+ <p><a name="index-property-list-format-744"></a>As an example of the output, here is the (abridged) property list
translation of <samp><span class="file">cmr10.tfm</span></samp>:
<pre class="example"> (FAMILY CMR)
@@ -3684,14 +3490,14 @@ translation of <samp><span class="file">cmr10.tfm</span></samp>:
<dfn>properties</dfn>, nested where necessary.
<ul>
-<li><a name="index-FAMILY-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-790"></a><a name="index-FACE-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-791"></a><a name="index-headerbyte-_0040r_007binformation_007d-792"></a>The first few items (<code>FAMILY</code>, <code>FACE</code>, and so on) are
+<li><a name="index-FAMILY-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-745"></a><a name="index-FACE-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-746"></a><a name="index-headerbyte-_0040r_007binformation_007d-747"></a>The first few items (<code>FAMILY</code>, <code>FACE</code>, and so on) are
the so-called <dfn>headerbyte</dfn> information from Metafont, giving general
information about the font.
- <li><a name="index-FAMILY-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-793"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cfontdimen-794"></a>The <code>FONTDIMEN</code> property defines the TeX <code>\fontdimen</code>
+ <li><a name="index-FAMILY-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-748"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cfontdimen-749"></a>The <code>FONTDIMEN</code> property defines the TeX <code>\fontdimen</code>
values.
- <li><a name="index-LIGTABLE-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-795"></a><a name="index-LABEL-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-796"></a><a name="index-LIG-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-797"></a><a name="index-KRN-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-798"></a><a name="index-ligature-table_002c-in-TFM-files-799"></a><a name="index-kerning-table_002c-in-TFM-files-800"></a><a name="index-design_002dsize-units-801"></a>The <code>LIGTABLE</code> property defines the ligature and kerning table.
+ <li><a name="index-LIGTABLE-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-750"></a><a name="index-LABEL-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-751"></a><a name="index-LIG-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-752"></a><a name="index-KRN-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-753"></a><a name="index-ligature-table_002c-in-TFM-files-754"></a><a name="index-kerning-table_002c-in-TFM-files-755"></a><a name="index-design_002dsize-units-756"></a>The <code>LIGTABLE</code> property defines the ligature and kerning table.
<code>LIG</code> properties define ligatures: in the example above, an
&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">f</span></samp>&rsquo; (in the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">LABEL</span></samp>&rsquo;) followed by an &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">i</span></samp>&rsquo; is a ligature,
i.e., a typesetting program like TeX replaces those two consecutive
@@ -3703,7 +3509,7 @@ apostrophe), TeX inserts a small amount of space between them:
three-quarters of a printer's point by default in this case, or .001
inches).
- <li><a name="index-CHARACTER-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-802"></a><a name="index-CHARWD-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-803"></a><a name="index-CHARHT-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-804"></a><a name="index-CHARDP-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-805"></a><a name="index-CHARIC-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-806"></a>The <code>CHARACTER</code> property defines the dimensions of a character: its
+ <li><a name="index-CHARACTER-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-757"></a><a name="index-CHARWD-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-758"></a><a name="index-CHARHT-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-759"></a><a name="index-CHARDP-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-760"></a><a name="index-CHARIC-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-761"></a>The <code>CHARACTER</code> property defines the dimensions of a character: its
width, height, depth, and italic correction, also in design-size units,
as explained in the previous item. For our example `f', the depth is
zero, so that property is omitted. TFtoPL also inserts any kerns and
@@ -3712,8 +3518,8 @@ ligatures for this character as a comment.
</ul>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="pltotf-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>
@@ -3722,7 +3528,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>
<h3 class="section">10.7 PLtoTF: Property list to TeX font metric conversion</h3>
-<p><a name="index-pltotf-807"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-property-list-to-TFM-808"></a><a name="index-TFM-files_002c-converting-property-lists-to-809"></a><a name="index-machine_002dreadable_002c-converting-property-lists-to-810"></a>
+<p><a name="index-pltotf-762"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-property-list-to-TFM-763"></a><a name="index-TFM-files_002c-converting-property-lists-to-764"></a><a name="index-machine_002dreadable_002c-converting-property-lists-to-765"></a>
PLtoTF translates a property list file (as output by TFtoPL, for
example) to TeX font metric (TFM, see <a href="dvips.html#Metric-files">Metric files</a>)
format. It's much easier for both programs and humans to create the
@@ -3743,8 +3549,8 @@ output by default is undesirable.)
<p>For an example of property list format, see the previous section.
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="vftovp-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>
@@ -3753,7 +3559,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>
<h3 class="section">10.8 VFtoVP: Virtual font to virtual property lists</h3>
-<p><a name="index-vftovp-811"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-VF-to-VPL-812"></a><a name="index-validation_002c-of-VF-files-813"></a><a name="index-property-list_002c-converting-VF-to-virtual-814"></a><a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-VF-to-815"></a><a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-VF-to-816"></a>
+<p><a name="index-vftovp-766"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-VF-to-VPL-767"></a><a name="index-validation_002c-of-VF-files-768"></a><a name="index-property-list_002c-converting-VF-to-virtual-769"></a><a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-VF-to-770"></a><a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-VF-to-771"></a>
VFtoVP translates a virtual font metric (VF, see <a href="dvips.html#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>) file and its accompanying TeX font metric (TFM,
see <a href="dvips.html#Metric-files">Metric files</a>) file (as output by VPtoVF, for
example) to <dfn>virtual property list format</dfn> (a list of parenthesized
@@ -3778,7 +3584,7 @@ companion program VFtoVP (see the next section).
<p>The program accepts the following option, as well as the standard
&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-verbose</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>):
<dl>
-<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-charcode-format=</span><var>type</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dcharcode_002dformat_003d_0040var_007btype_007d-817"></a>Output character codes in the PL file according to <var>type</var>: either
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-charcode-format=</span><var>type</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dcharcode_002dformat_003d_0040var_007btype_007d-772"></a>Output character codes in the PL file according to <var>type</var>: either
&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">octal</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ascii</span></samp>&rsquo;. Default is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ascii</span></samp>&rsquo; for letters and
digits, octal for all other characters. Exception: if the font's coding
scheme starts with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">TeX math sy</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">TeX math ex</span></samp>&rsquo;, all
@@ -3796,8 +3602,8 @@ confusing.
</dl>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="vptovf-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>
@@ -3806,7 +3612,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>
<h3 class="section">10.9 VPtoVF: Virtual property lists to virtual font</h3>
-<p><a name="index-vptovf-818"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-property-list-to-VF-819"></a><a name="index-VF-files_002c-converting-property-lists-to-820"></a><a name="index-machine_002dreadable_002c-converting-property-lists-to-821"></a>
+<p><a name="index-vptovf-773"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-property-list-to-VF-774"></a><a name="index-VF-files_002c-converting-property-lists-to-775"></a><a name="index-machine_002dreadable_002c-converting-property-lists-to-776"></a>
VPtoVF translates a virtual property list file (as output by VFtoVP, for
example) to virtual font (VF, see <a href="dvips.html#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>) and
TeX font metric (TFM, see <a href="dvips.html#Metric-files">Metric files</a>) files.
@@ -3826,8 +3632,8 @@ specified, the VF output is written to the basename of
(see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>).
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Font-utilities-available-elsewhere"></a>
+<p><hr>
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>
@@ -3835,7 +3641,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>
<h3 class="section">10.10 Font utilities available elsewhere</h3>
-<p><a name="index-font-utilities_002c-non_002dWeb2c-822"></a>
+<p><a name="index-font-utilities_002c-non_002dWeb2c-777"></a>
The Web2c complement of font utilities merely implements a few basic
conversions. Many other more sophisticated font utilities exist; most
are in <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/fonts/utilities</span></samp> (for CTAN info,
@@ -3843,17 +3649,17 @@ see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>). Here are some of
commonly-requested items:
<ul>
-<li><a name="index-AFM-to-TFM-conversion-823"></a><a name="index-afm2tfm-824"></a><a name="index-afmtopl-825"></a>AFM (Adobe font metric) to TFM conversion: see <a href="dvips.html#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a>, and <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/fonts/utilities/afmtopl</span></samp>.
+<li><a name="index-AFM-to-TFM-conversion-778"></a><a name="index-afm2tfm-779"></a><a name="index-afmtopl-780"></a>AFM (Adobe font metric) to TFM conversion: see <a href="dvips.html#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a>, and <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/fonts/utilities/afmtopl</span></samp>.
- <li><a name="index-X-bitmap-fonts-826"></a><a name="index-BDF-and-GF-conversion-827"></a>BDF (the X bitmap format) conversion:
+ <li><a name="index-X-bitmap-fonts-781"></a><a name="index-BDF-and-GF-conversion-782"></a>BDF (the X bitmap format) conversion:
<a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/bdf.tar.gz">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/bdf.tar.gz</a>.
- <li><a name="index-metatype1-828"></a><a name="index-Latin-Modern-829"></a>Creating fonts using MetaPost: MetaType1.
+ <li><a name="index-metatype1-783"></a><a name="index-Latin-Modern-784"></a>Creating fonts using MetaPost: MetaType1.
<a href="ftp://bop.eps.gda.pl/pub/metatype1">ftp://bop.eps.gda.pl/pub/metatype1</a>. This is used to create
the excellent Latin Modern font family (<samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/fonts/lm</span></samp>),
which extends Computer Modern to a vast repertoire of scripts.
- <li><a name="index-editing-of-bitmap-fonts-830"></a><a name="index-xbfe_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-831"></a><a name="index-xfed_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-832"></a><a name="index-xfedor_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-833"></a><a name="index-gftopxl-834"></a><a name="index-chtopx-835"></a><a name="index-pxtoch-836"></a>Editing of bitmap fonts: Xbfe from the GNU font utilities mentioned
+ <li><a name="index-editing-of-bitmap-fonts-785"></a><a name="index-xbfe_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-786"></a><a name="index-xfed_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-787"></a><a name="index-xfedor_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-788"></a><a name="index-gftopxl-789"></a><a name="index-chtopx-790"></a><a name="index-pxtoch-791"></a>Editing of bitmap fonts: Xbfe from the GNU font utilities mentioned
below; the X BDF-editing programs available from
<a href="ftp://ftp.x.org/R5contrib/xfed.tar.Z">ftp://ftp.x.org/R5contrib/xfed.tar.Z</a> and
<a href="ftp://ftp.x.org/R5contrib/xfedor.tar.Z">ftp://ftp.x.org/R5contrib/xfedor.tar.Z</a>; and finally, if your
@@ -3861,35 +3667,35 @@ fonts have only 128 characters, you can use the old <code>gftopxl</code>,
<code>pxtoch</code>, and <code>chtopx</code> programs from
<a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/web">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/web</a>.
- <li><a name="index-fontforge-837"></a><a name="index-pfaedit-838"></a>Editing of outline fonts: FontForge, <a href="fontforge.sourceforge.net">fontforge.sourceforge.net</a>.
+ <li><a name="index-fontforge-792"></a><a name="index-pfaedit-793"></a>Editing of outline fonts: FontForge, <a href="fontforge.sourceforge.net">fontforge.sourceforge.net</a>.
This is a very elaborate program with support for many outline formats
(Type&nbsp;1, OpenType, TrueType, <small class="dots">...</small>), and many advanced font
editing features.
- <li><a name="index-PK-bitmaps-from-PostScript-839"></a><a name="index-PostScript-to-PK-bitmaps-840"></a><a name="index-gsftopk-841"></a><a name="index-ps2pk-842"></a>PK bitmaps from PostScript outline fonts: gsftopk from the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">xdvi</span></samp>&rsquo;
+ <li><a name="index-PK-bitmaps-from-PostScript-794"></a><a name="index-PostScript-to-PK-bitmaps-795"></a><a name="index-gsftopk-796"></a><a name="index-ps2pk-797"></a>PK bitmaps from PostScript outline fonts: gsftopk from the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">xdvi</span></samp>&rsquo;
distribution. Alternatively, <code>ps2pk</code>, from
<samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/fonts/utilities/ps2pk</span></samp>.
- <li><a name="index-Type-1-conversion-843"></a><a name="index-PFA-and-PFB-conversion-844"></a><a name="index-PostScript-Type-1-font-conversion-845"></a>PostScript Type 1 font format conversion (i.e., between PFA and PFB
+ <li><a name="index-Type-1-conversion-798"></a><a name="index-PFA-and-PFB-conversion-799"></a><a name="index-PostScript-Type-1-font-conversion-800"></a>PostScript Type 1 font format conversion (i.e., between PFA and PFB
formats): <a href="http://www.lcdf.org/type">http://www.lcdf.org/type</a>.
- <li><a name="index-scanned-images-of-fonts-846"></a><a name="index-typeface-specimen-sheets-847"></a><a name="index-fontutils-848"></a>Scanned image conversion: the (aging) GNU font utilities convert type
+ <li><a name="index-scanned-images-of-fonts-801"></a><a name="index-typeface-specimen-sheets-802"></a><a name="index-fontutils-803"></a>Scanned image conversion: the (aging) GNU font utilities convert type
specimen images to Metafont, PostScript, etc.:
<a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/fontutils/">http://www.gnu.org/software/fontutils/</a>.
- <li><a name="index-autotrace-849"></a><a name="index-potrace-850"></a>Tracing bitmaps to fitted outlines: Autotrace
+ <li><a name="index-autotrace-804"></a><a name="index-potrace-805"></a>Tracing bitmaps to fitted outlines: Autotrace
(<a href="http://autotrace.sourceforge.net">http://autotrace.sourceforge.net</a>), Potrace
(<a href="http://potrace.sourceforge.net">http://potrace.sourceforge.net</a>). For Metafont fonts, either of
the two programs <code>mftrace</code>
(<a href="http://www.xs4all.nl/~hanwen/mftrace">http://www.xs4all.nl/~hanwen/mftrace</a>) or <code>textrace</code>
(<a href="http://textrace.sourceforge.net">http://textrace.sourceforge.net</a>) make the job easier.
- <li><a name="index-virtual-font-creation-851"></a><a name="index-fontinst_0040r_007b_002c-for-creating-virtual-fonts_007d-852"></a>Virtual font creation: <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/fonts/utilities/fontinst</span></samp>.
+ <li><a name="index-virtual-font-creation-806"></a><a name="index-fontinst_0040r_007b_002c-for-creating-virtual-fonts_007d-807"></a>Virtual font creation: <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/fonts/utilities/fontinst</span></samp>.
</ul>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Legalisms"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#References">References</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
@@ -3898,7 +3704,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<h2 class="appendix">Appendix A Legalisms</h2>
-<p><a name="index-legalisms-853"></a><a name="index-copyright-notices-854"></a><a name="index-permissions_002c-legal-855"></a>
+<p><a name="index-legalisms-808"></a><a name="index-copyright-notices-809"></a><a name="index-permissions_002c-legal-810"></a>
In general, each file has its own copyright notice stating the copying
permissions for that file. Following is a summary.
@@ -3942,8 +3748,8 @@ software.
</blockquote>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="References"></a>
+<p><hr>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Index">Index</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Legalisms">Legalisms</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
@@ -3952,7 +3758,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<h2 class="appendix">Appendix B References</h2>
-<p><a name="index-references-856"></a><a name="index-bibliography-857"></a>
+<p><a name="index-references-811"></a><a name="index-bibliography-812"></a>
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li>Kpathsea: See <a href="kpathsea.html#Top">Introduction</a>.
@@ -4052,7 +3858,7 @@ Donald E. Knuth.
The errors of TeX.
<cite>Software&mdash;Practice and Experience</cite>, 19(7):607&ndash;681, July
1989.
-This is an updated version of iteKnuth:1988:ET.
+This is an updated version of Knuth:1988:ET.
<li>[Knu90]
Donald Knuth.
@@ -4102,8 +3908,8 @@ American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, USA, 2nd revised edition, 1990.
</ol>
<div class="node">
-<p><hr>
<a name="Index"></a>
+<p><hr>
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#References">References</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
@@ -4121,39 +3927,39 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddisable_002ddump_002dshare-configure-_0040r_007boption_007d-197"><code>--disable-dump-share configure </code><span class="roman">option</span></a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dipc-configure-_0040r_007boption_007d-252"><code>--enable-ipc configure </code><span class="roman">option</span></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-_0040r_007bcommon-option_007d-96"><code>--help </code><span class="roman">common option</span></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dquiet-_0028newer_0029-580"><code>--quiet (newer)</code></a>: <a href="#newer-invocation">newer invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dverbose-_0028newer_0029-581"><code>--verbose (newer)</code></a>: <a href="#newer-invocation">newer invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dverbose-_0040r_007bcommon-option_007d-98"><code>--verbose </code><span class="roman">common option</span></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dversion-_0040r_007bcommon-option_007d-100"><code>--version </code><span class="roman">common option</span></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002deditor_003d_0040var_007bcmd_007d-213"><code>--with-editor=</code><var>cmd</var></a>: <a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002depsfwin-406"><code>--with-epsfwin</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dhp2627win-408"><code>--with-hp2627win</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dmftalkwin-410"><code>--with-mftalkwin</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dnext-413"><code>--with-next</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dregiswin-415"><code>--with-regiswin</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dsuntoolswin-420"><code>--with-suntoolswin</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dtektronixwin-424"><code>--with-tektronixwin</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dunitermwin-428"><code>--with-unitermwin</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dx-434"><code>--with-x</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dx_002dtoolkit_003d_0040var_007bkit_007d-436"><code>--with-x-toolkit=</code><var>kit</var></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dx11-435"><code>--with-x11</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dx11win-433"><code>--with-x11win</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002depsfwin-417"><code>--with-epsfwin</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dhp2627win-419"><code>--with-hp2627win</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dmftalkwin-421"><code>--with-mftalkwin</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dnext-424"><code>--with-next</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dregiswin-426"><code>--with-regiswin</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dsuntoolswin-431"><code>--with-suntoolswin</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dtektronixwin-435"><code>--with-tektronixwin</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dunitermwin-439"><code>--with-unitermwin</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dx-445"><code>--with-x</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dx_002dtoolkit_003d_0040var_007bkit_007d-447"><code>--with-x-toolkit=</code><var>kit</var></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dx11-446"><code>--with-x11</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dx11win-444"><code>--with-x11win</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d8bit-138"><code>-8bit</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dbase_003d_0040var_007bbase_007d-179"><code>-base=</code><var>base</var></a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dbase_003d_0040var_007bdumpname_007d-107"><code>-base=</code><var>dumpname</var></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dchange_003d_0040var_007bchfile_007d-471"><code>-change=</code><var>chfile</var></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dcharcode_002dformat_003d_0040var_007btype_007d-817"><code>-charcode-format=</code><var>type</var></a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dcharcode_002dformat_003d_0040var_007btype_007d-788"><code>-charcode-format=</code><var>type</var></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dchange_003d_0040var_007bchfile_007d-482"><code>-change=</code><var>chfile</var></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dcharcode_002dformat_003d_0040var_007btype_007d-772"><code>-charcode-format=</code><var>type</var></a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dcharcode_002dformat_003d_0040var_007btype_007d-743"><code>-charcode-format=</code><var>type</var></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dD-_0040r_007bcompiler-options_007d-37"><code>-D </code><span class="roman">compiler options</span></a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ddpi_003d_0040var_007breal_007d-681"><code>-dpi=</code><var>real</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ddisable_002dwrite18-266"><code>-disable-write18</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ddpi_003d_0040var_007breal_007d-636"><code>-dpi=</code><var>real</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002denable_002dwrite18-265"><code>-enable-write18</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002denc-247"><code>-enc</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dfile_002dline_002derror-102"><code>-file-line-error</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dfile_002dline_002derror_002dstyle-104"><code>-file-line-error-style</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dfmt_003d_0040var_007bdumpname_007d-106"><code>-fmt=</code><var>dumpname</var></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dfmt_003d_0040var_007bfmt_007d-178"><code>-fmt=</code><var>fmt</var></a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dgeometry_0040r_007b_002c-supported-with-Xt_007d-448"><code>-geometry</code><span class="roman">, supported with Xt</span></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dgeometry_0040r_007b_002c-supported-with-Xt_007d-459"><code>-geometry</code><span class="roman">, supported with Xt</span></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dhalt_002don_002derror-110"><code>-halt-on-error</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dimages-762"><code>-images</code></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dimages-717"><code>-images</code></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dini-162"><code>-ini</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dini-112"><code>-ini</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dinteraction_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-115"><code>-interaction=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
@@ -4161,23 +3967,23 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dipc_002dstart-251"><code>-ipc-start</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002djobname_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-117"><code>-jobname=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dkpathsea_002ddebug_003d_0040var_007bnumber_007d-119"><code>-kpathsea-debug=</code><var>number</var></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dlength_003d_0040var_007bnumber_007d-636"><code>-length=</code><var>number</var></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dloose-644"><code>-loose</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dlowercase-638"><code>-lowercase</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmagnification_003d_0040var_007binteger_007d-682"><code>-magnification=</code><var>integer</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmagnification_003d_0040var_007binteger_007d-667"><code>-magnification=</code><var>integer</var></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmax_002dpages_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-685"><code>-max-pages=</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmax_002dpages_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-670"><code>-max-pages=</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dlength_003d_0040var_007bnumber_007d-591"><code>-length=</code><var>number</var></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dloose-599"><code>-loose</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dlowercase-593"><code>-lowercase</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmagnification_003d_0040var_007binteger_007d-637"><code>-magnification=</code><var>integer</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmagnification_003d_0040var_007binteger_007d-622"><code>-magnification=</code><var>integer</var></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmax_002dpages_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-640"><code>-max-pages=</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmax_002dpages_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-625"><code>-max-pages=</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmem_003d_0040var_007bdumpname_007d-108"><code>-mem=</code><var>dumpname</var></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmem_003d_0040var_007bmem_007d-180"><code>-mem=</code><var>mem</var></a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmin_002dcrossrefs_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-598"><code>-min-crossrefs=</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmixedcase-639"><code>-mixedcase</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-376"><code>-mktex=</code><var>filetype</var></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmin_002dcrossrefs_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-554"><code>-min-crossrefs=</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmixedcase-594"><code>-mixedcase</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-387"><code>-mktex=</code><var>filetype</var></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-253"><code>-mktex=</code><var>filetype</var></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmltex-255"><code>-mltex</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmnemonics-763"><code>-mnemonics</code></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmnemonics-718"><code>-mnemonics</code></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dno_002dfile_002dline_002derror-103"><code>-no-file-line-error</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dno_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-377"><code>-no-mktex=</code><var>filetype</var></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dno_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-388"><code>-no-mktex=</code><var>filetype</var></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dno_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-254"><code>-no-mktex=</code><var>filetype</var></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dno_002dparse_002dfirst_002dline-126"><code>-no-parse-first-line</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dno_002dshell_002descape-263"><code>-no-shell-escape</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
@@ -4185,357 +3991,340 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002doutput_002dcomment_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-258"><code>-output-comment=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002doutput_002ddirectory-152"><code>-output-directory</code></a>: <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002doutput_002ddirectory-123"><code>-output-directory</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002doutput_002dlevel_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-686"><code>-output-level=</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002doverflow_002dlabel_002doffset_003d_0040var_007bpoints_007d-461"><code>-overflow-label-offset=</code><var>points</var></a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dpage_002dstart_003d_0040var_007bpage_002dspec_007d-687"><code>-page-start=</code><var>page-spec</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dpage_002dstart_003d_0040var_007bpage_002dspec_007d-671"><code>-page-start=</code><var>page-spec</var></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002doutput_002dlevel_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-641"><code>-output-level=</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002doverflow_002dlabel_002doffset_003d_0040var_007bpoints_007d-472"><code>-overflow-label-offset=</code><var>points</var></a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dpage_002dstart_003d_0040var_007bpage_002dspec_007d-642"><code>-page-start=</code><var>page-spec</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dpage_002dstart_003d_0040var_007bpage_002dspec_007d-626"><code>-page-start=</code><var>page-spec</var></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dparse_002dfirst_002dline-125"><code>-parse-first-line</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dprogname_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-181"><code>-progname=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dprogname_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-128"><code>-progname=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002drecorder-132"><code>-recorder</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dshell_002descape-262"><code>-shell-escape</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dshow_002dopcodes-691"><code>-show-opcodes</code></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dstrict-645"><code>-strict</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dstyle_003d_0040var_007bmftfile_007d-473"><code>-style=</code><var>mftfile</var></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dT-505"><code>-T</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dterse-595"><code>-terse</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dtex-574"><code>-tex</code></a>: <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dtex_003d_0040var_007btexprogram_007d-508"><code>-tex=</code><var>texprogram</var></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dshell_002drestricted-264"><code>-shell-restricted</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dshow_002dopcodes-646"><code>-show-opcodes</code></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dstrict-600"><code>-strict</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dstyle_003d_0040var_007bmftfile_007d-484"><code>-style=</code><var>mftfile</var></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dT-516"><code>-T</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dterse-551"><code>-terse</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dtex_003d_0040var_007btexprogram_007d-519"><code>-tex=</code><var>texprogram</var></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dtranslate_002dfile_003d_0040var_007btcxfile_007d-134"><code>-translate-file=</code><var>tcxfile</var></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dtroff-573"><code>-troff</code></a>: <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dtroff-535"><code>-troff</code></a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dtroff-506"><code>-troff</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dunderline-642"><code>-underline</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002duppercase-640"><code>-uppercase</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dx-652"><code>-x</code></a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dtroff-517"><code>-troff</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dunderline-597"><code>-underline</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002duppercase-595"><code>-uppercase</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dx-607"><code>-x</code></a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e_0040r_007b_002c-used-for-output_007d-151"><code>.</code><span class="roman">, used for output</span></a>: <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e2602gf-375"><code>.2602gf</code></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eaux-_0040r_007bcross_002dreference-files_007d-586"><code>.aux </code><span class="roman">cross-reference files</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ebase-380"><code>.base</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ebbl-_0040r_007bbibliography-files_007d-585"><code>.bbl </code><span class="roman">bibliography files</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ebib-_0040r_007bbibliography-databases_007d-587"><code>.bib </code><span class="roman">bibliography databases</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eblg-_0040r_007bBib_0040TeX_007b_007d-log-file_007d-588"><code>.blg </code><span class="roman">BibTeX log file</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002efmt-274"><code>.fmt</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emem-511"><code>.mem</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emf-361"><code>.mf</code></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emp-487"><code>.mp</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007d-_0040r_007bPostScript-figures_007d-490"><code>.</code><var>nnn</var> <span class="roman">PostScript figures</span></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007dgf-_0040r_007bgeneric-fonts_007d-365"><code>.</code><var>nnn</var><code>gf </code><span class="roman">generic fonts</span></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etcx-_0040r_007bcharacter-translation-files_007d-310"><code>.tcx </code><span class="roman">character translation files</span></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e2602gf-386"><code>.2602gf</code></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eaux-_0040r_007bcross_002dreference-files_007d-542"><code>.aux </code><span class="roman">cross-reference files</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ebase-391"><code>.base</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ebbl-_0040r_007bbibliography-files_007d-541"><code>.bbl </code><span class="roman">bibliography files</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ebib-_0040r_007bbibliography-databases_007d-543"><code>.bib </code><span class="roman">bibliography databases</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eblg-_0040r_007bBib_0040TeX_007b_007d-log-file_007d-544"><code>.blg </code><span class="roman">BibTeX log file</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002efmt-270"><code>.fmt</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emem-522"><code>.mem</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emf-372"><code>.mf</code></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emp-498"><code>.mp</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007d-_0040r_007bPostScript-figures_007d-501"><code>.</code><var>nnn</var> <span class="roman">PostScript figures</span></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007dgf-_0040r_007bgeneric-fonts_007d-376"><code>.</code><var>nnn</var><code>gf </code><span class="roman">generic fonts</span></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etcx-_0040r_007bcharacter-translation-files_007d-306"><code>.tcx </code><span class="roman">character translation files</span></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etcx-_0040r_007bcharacter-translation-files_007d-136"><code>.tcx </code><span class="roman">character translation files</span></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etex-234"><code>.tex</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etfm-_0040r_007boutput_007d-491"><code>.tfm </code><span class="roman">output</span></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etfm-_0040r_007boutput_007d-370"><code>.tfm </code><span class="roman">output</span></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eXdefaults-446"><code>.Xdefaults</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eXresources-447"><code>.Xresources</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t2602gf-374"><code>2602gf</code></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etfm-_0040r_007boutput_007d-502"><code>.tfm </code><span class="roman">output</span></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etfm-_0040r_007boutput_007d-381"><code>.tfm </code><span class="roman">output</span></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eXdefaults-457"><code>.Xdefaults</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eXresources-458"><code>.Xresources</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t2602gf-385"><code>2602gf</code></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t8-bit-clean-139">8 bit clean</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t8-bit-clean-output_002c-specifying-140"><code>8 bit clean output, specifying</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t8_002dbit-characters-313">8-bit characters</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cbibliography-590"><code>\bibliography</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cbibliographystyle-591"><code>\bibliographystyle</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_005ccharsubdef-_0040r_007band-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-303"><code>\charsubdef </code><span class="roman">and MLTeX</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_005ccharsubdef">\charsubdef</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_005ccount_0040var_007bn_007d-690"><code>\count</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_005ccount_0040var_007bn_007d-674"><code>\count</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t8_002dbit-characters-309">8-bit characters</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cbibliography-546"><code>\bibliography</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cbibliographystyle-547"><code>\bibliographystyle</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005ccharsubdef-_0040r_007band-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-299"><code>\charsubdef </code><span class="roman">and MLTeX</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_005ccharsubdef">\charsubdef</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005ccount_0040var_007bn_007d-645"><code>\count</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005ccount_0040var_007bn_007d-629"><code>\count</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cfont-_0040r_007band-dynamic-generation_007d-239"><code>\font </code><span class="roman">and dynamic generation</span></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cfontdimen-794"><code>\fontdimen</code></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cimmediate_005cwrite18-267"><code>\immediate\write18</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cfontdimen-749"><code>\fontdimen</code></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cimmediate_005cwrite18-338"><code>\immediate\write18</code></a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cinput-_0040r_007bfilenames_007d-216"><code>\input </code><span class="roman">filenames</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cmag-684"><code>\mag</code></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cmag-669"><code>\mag</code></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cinput_0040r_007b_002c-and-pipes_007d-346"><code>\input</code><span class="roman">, and pipes</span></a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cmag-639"><code>\mag</code></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cmag-624"><code>\mag</code></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005copenin_0040r_007b_002c-and-pipes_007d-345"><code>\openin</code><span class="roman">, and pipes</span></a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_005copenout-_0040r_007band-security_007d-240"><code>\openout </code><span class="roman">and security</span></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005copenout_0040r_007b_002c-and-pipes_007d-347"><code>\openout</code><span class="roman">, and pipes</span></a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005coutput-_0040r_007broutine_002c-and-_0040code_007b_005cwrite_007d_007d-341"><code>\output </code><span class="roman">routine, and </span><code>\write</code></a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cpdfshellescape-348"><code>\pdfshellescape</code></a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cstring-226"><code>\string</code></a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef-_0040r_007band-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-306"><code>\tracingcharsubdef </code><span class="roman">and MLTeX</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef">\tracingcharsubdef</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_005ctracinglostchars-_0040r_007band-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-308"><code>\tracinglostchars </code><span class="roman">and MLTeX</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef">\tracingcharsubdef</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cwrite18-_0040r_007bshell-escape-extension_007d-268"><code>\write18 </code><span class="roman">shell escape extension</span></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_005e_005e-_0040r_007bnotation_002c-avoiding_007d-330"><code>^^ </code><span class="roman">notation, avoiding</span></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040cite_007bComputer-Modern-Typefaces_007d_002c-production-of-478"><cite>Computer Modern Typefaces</cite>, production of</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-abbrv_002ebst-613"><code>abbrv.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-accented-character-314">accented character</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-accents_002c-hyphenating-words-with-300">accents, hyphenating words with</a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef-_0040r_007band-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-302"><code>\tracingcharsubdef </code><span class="roman">and MLTeX</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef">\tracingcharsubdef</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005ctracinglostchars-_0040r_007band-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-304"><code>\tracinglostchars </code><span class="roman">and MLTeX</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef">\tracingcharsubdef</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cwrite18-_0040r_007bshell-escape-extension_007d-339"><code>\write18 </code><span class="roman">shell escape extension</span></a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005e_005e-_0040r_007bnotation_002c-avoiding_007d-326"><code>^^ </code><span class="roman">notation, avoiding</span></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040cite_007bComputer-Modern-Typefaces_007d_002c-production-of-489"><cite>Computer Modern Typefaces</cite>, production of</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-abbrv_002ebst-569"><code>abbrv.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-accented-character-310">accented character</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-accents_002c-hyphenating-words-with-296">accents, hyphenating words with</a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-acknowledgements-19">acknowledgements</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-acm_002ebst-614"><code>acm.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Ada_002c-WEB-for-628">Ada, WEB for</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-acm_002ebst-570"><code>acm.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Ada_002c-WEB-for-583">Ada, WEB for</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-additional-Make-targets-44">additional Make targets</a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-AFM-to-TFM-conversion-823">AFM to TFM conversion</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-afm2tfm-824"><code>afm2tfm</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-afmtopl-825"><code>afmtopl</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-AFM-to-TFM-conversion-778">AFM to TFM conversion</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-afm2tfm-779"><code>afm2tfm</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-afmtopl-780"><code>afmtopl</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-aliases-for-fonts-147">aliases for fonts</a>: <a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-alpha_002ebst-615"><code>alpha.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-American-Mathematical-Society_002c-typesetting-system-284">American Mathematical Society, typesetting system</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-AMS_0040TeX_007b_007d-283">AMSTeX</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-apalike_002ebst-616"><code>apalike.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Arabic-typesetting-349">Arabic typesetting</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-alpha_002ebst-571"><code>alpha.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-American-Mathematical-Society_002c-typesetting-system-280">American Mathematical Society, typesetting system</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-AMS_0040TeX_007b_007d-279">AMSTeX</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-apalike_002ebst-572"><code>apalike.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-architecture-dependencies-195">architecture dependencies</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-array-limit_002c-fixed-83">array limit, fixed</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-array-sizes-71">array sizes</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-assembly-language-routines-41">assembly language routines</a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-autotrace-849"><code>autotrace</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Awk_002c-WEB-for-627">Awk, WEB for</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-autotrace-804"><code>autotrace</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Awk_002c-WEB-for-582">Awk, WEB for</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-base-file_002c-determining-176">base file, determining</a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-base-files-381">base files</a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-base-files_002c-need-mode-definitions-391">base files, need mode definitions</a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-base-files_002c-plain-only-388">base files, plain only</a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-base-files-392">base files</a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-base-files_002c-need-mode-definitions-402">base files, need mode definitions</a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-base-files_002c-plain-only-399">base files, plain only</a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-base-files_002c-sharing-189">base files, sharing</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-bases-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-53"><code>bases </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-basic-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-style-files-610">basic BibTeX style files</a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-basic-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-style-files-566">basic BibTeX style files</a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-basic-fonts-and-macros-29">basic fonts and macros</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-batch-languages-230">batch languages</a>: <a href="#TeX">TeX</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-BDF-and-GF-conversion-827">BDF and GF conversion</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-beginfig-489"><code>beginfig</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-BeginPath-_0040r_007bditroff-command_007d-558"><code>BeginPath </code><span class="roman">ditroff command</span></a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-BDF-and-GF-conversion-782">BDF and GF conversion</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-beginfig-500"><code>beginfig</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Berry_002c-Karl-17">Berry, Karl</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-BIBINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bib-files_007d-593"><code>BIBINPUTS</code><span class="roman">, search path for bib files</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-bibliographies_002c-creating-582">bibliographies, creating</a>: <a href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-bibliography-857">bibliography</a>: <a href="#References">References</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-bibliography-items_002c-cross_002dreferenced-600">bibliography items, cross-referenced</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-bibtex-584"><code>bibtex</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-583">BibTeX</a>: <a href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-collection-607">BibTeX collection</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-style-files-611">BibTeX style files</a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-BIBINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bib-files_007d-549"><code>BIBINPUTS</code><span class="roman">, search path for bib files</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bibliographies_002c-creating-538">bibliographies, creating</a>: <a href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bibliography-812">bibliography</a>: <a href="#References">References</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bibliography-items_002c-cross_002dreferenced-556">bibliography items, cross-referenced</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bibtex-540"><code>bibtex</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-539">BibTeX</a>: <a href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-collection-563">BibTeX collection</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-style-files-567">BibTeX style files</a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-BigEndian-machines-192">BigEndian machines</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-binaries_002c-linking-129">binaries, linking</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-blank-lines_002c-in-TCX-files-322">blank lines, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Bourne-shell-commands-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-265">Bourne shell commands in TeX</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-blank-lines_002c-in-TCX-files-318">blank lines, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-boxes_002c-memory-for-74">boxes, memory for</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-breakpoints_002c-memory-for-76">breakpoints, memory for</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Breitenlohner_002c-Peter-5">Breitenlohner, Peter</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-BSTINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bst-files_007d-594"><code>BSTINPUTS</code><span class="roman">, search path for bst files</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-btex-_0040r_007band-label-extraction_007d-570"><code>btex </code><span class="roman">and label extraction</span></a>: <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-btex-_0040r_007bfor-MetaPost-labels_007d-495"><code>btex </code><span class="roman">for MetaPost labels</span></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-btxdoc_002ebib-604"><code>btxdoc.bib</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-btxdoc_002etex-601"><code>btxdoc.tex</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-btxhak_002etex-602"><code>btxhak.tex</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-byte-position-764">byte position</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-byte-position-731">byte position</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-BSTINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bst-files_007d-550"><code>BSTINPUTS</code><span class="roman">, search path for bst files</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-btex-_0040r_007bfor-MetaPost-labels_007d-506"><code>btex </code><span class="roman">for MetaPost labels</span></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-btxdoc_002ebib-560"><code>btxdoc.bib</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-btxdoc_002etex-557"><code>btxdoc.tex</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-btxhak_002etex-558"><code>btxhak.tex</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-byte-position-719">byte position</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-byte-position-686">byte position</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-byte-swapping-198">byte swapping</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-c_002dsources-_0040r_007bMakefile-target_007d-47"><code>c-sources </code><span class="roman">Makefile target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-captions_002c-extracting-from-MetaPost-input-567">captions, extracting from MetaPost input</a>: <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-captions_002c-for-MetaPost-525">captions, for MetaPost</a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-change-files_002c-and-MFT-472">change files, and MFT</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-change-files_002c-and-Tangle-633">change files, and Tangle</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-change-files_002c-and-Weave-651">change files, and Weave</a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-change-files_002c-and-MFT-483">change files, and MFT</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-change-files_002c-and-Tangle-588">change files, and Tangle</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-change-files_002c-and-Weave-606">change files, and Weave</a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-changing-error-messages-style-105">changing error messages style</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-character-codes_002c-in-GFtype-output-765">character codes, in GFtype output</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-character-codes_002c-in-PKtype-output-734">character codes, in PKtype output</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-325">character codes, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-character-proofs-of-fonts-454">character proofs of fonts</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-CHARACTER-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-802"><code>CHARACTER </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-character-translation-files-311">character translation files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-CHARDP-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-805"><code>CHARDP </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-CHARHT-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-804"><code>CHARHT </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-CHARIC-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-806"><code>CHARIC </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-CHARWD-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-803"><code>CHARWD </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-chtopx-835"><code>chtopx</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-class-name-for-Metafont-443">class name for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-cm_002ebase-385"><code>cm.base</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-cmbase_002emf-386"><code>cmbase.mf</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-cmbase_002emft-476"><code>cmbase.mft</code></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-cmmf_002ebase-_0040r_007bnot-recommended_007d-384"><code>cmmf.base </code><span class="roman">not recommended</span></a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-color_002c-in-DVItoMP-550">color, in DVItoMP</a>: <a href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-TCX-files-324">comments, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-MFT-control-469">comments, MFT control</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-character-codes_002c-in-GFtype-output-720">character codes, in GFtype output</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-character-codes_002c-in-PKtype-output-689">character codes, in PKtype output</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-321">character codes, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-character-proofs-of-fonts-465">character proofs of fonts</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-CHARACTER-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-757"><code>CHARACTER </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-character-translation-files-307">character translation files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-CHARDP-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-760"><code>CHARDP </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-CHARHT-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-759"><code>CHARHT </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-CHARIC-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-761"><code>CHARIC </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-CHARWD-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-758"><code>CHARWD </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-chtopx-790"><code>chtopx</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-class-name-for-Metafont-454">class name for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-cm_002ebase-396"><code>cm.base</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-cmbase_002emf-397"><code>cmbase.mf</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-cmbase_002emft-487"><code>cmbase.mft</code></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-cmmf_002ebase-_0040r_007bnot-recommended_007d-395"><code>cmmf.base </code><span class="roman">not recommended</span></a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-color_002c-in-DVItoMP-537">color, in DVItoMP</a>: <a href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-TCX-files-320">comments, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-MFT-control-480">comments, MFT control</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-common-options-95">common options</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-commonalities-87">commonalities</a>: <a href="#Commonalities">Commonalities</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-comparing-file-modification-times-576">comparing file modification times</a>: <a href="#newer-invocation">newer invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-compilation-25">compilation</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-compile_002dtime-options-35">compile-time options</a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-compile_002dtime-options-33">compile-time options</a>: <a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Computer-Modern-fonts_002c-and-Troff-499">Computer Modern fonts, and Troff</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Computer-Modern-macros-387">Computer Modern macros</a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Computer-Modern-fonts_002c-and-Troff-510">Computer Modern fonts, and Troff</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Computer-Modern-macros-398">Computer Modern macros</a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-configuration-24">configuration</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-reading-145">configuration file reading</a>: <a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-values-70">configuration file values</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-configuration_002c-compile_002dtime-32">configuration, compile-time</a>: <a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-configure-_002d_002dwith_002f_002d_002denable-_0040r_007boptions_007d-34"><code>configure --with/--enable </code><span class="roman">options</span></a>: <a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-CONTENTS_002etex-654"><code>CONTENTS.tex</code></a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-CONTENTS_002etex-609"><code>CONTENTS.tex</code></a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-control-sequence-names_002c-space-for-81">control sequence names, space for</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-conventions-for-options_002c-89">conventions for options,</a>: <a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-DVI-to-plain-text-676">conversion, DVI to plain text</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-GF-to-PK-718">conversion, GF to PK</a>: <a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-GF-to-plain-text-757">conversion, GF to plain text</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-PK-to-GF-722">conversion, PK to GF</a>: <a href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-PK-to-plain-text-726">conversion, PK to plain text</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-property-list-to-TFM-808">conversion, property list to TFM</a>: <a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-property-list-to-VF-819">conversion, property list to VF</a>: <a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-TFM-to-property-list-783">conversion, TFM to property list</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-VF-to-VPL-812">conversion, VF to VPL</a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-copyright-notices-854">copyright notices</a>: <a href="#Legalisms">Legalisms</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Cork-encoding-and-ISO-input-319">Cork encoding and ISO input</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-DVI-to-plain-text-631">conversion, DVI to plain text</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-GF-to-PK-673">conversion, GF to PK</a>: <a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-GF-to-plain-text-712">conversion, GF to plain text</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-PK-to-GF-677">conversion, PK to GF</a>: <a href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-PK-to-plain-text-681">conversion, PK to plain text</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-property-list-to-TFM-763">conversion, property list to TFM</a>: <a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-property-list-to-VF-774">conversion, property list to VF</a>: <a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-TFM-to-property-list-738">conversion, TFM to property list</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-VF-to-VPL-767">conversion, VF to VPL</a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-copyright-notices-809">copyright notices</a>: <a href="#Legalisms">Legalisms</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Cork-encoding-and-ISO-input-315">Cork encoding and ISO input</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-creating-memory-dumps-172">creating memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Creating-memory-dumps">Creating memory dumps</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-cross_002dreferenced-bibliography-items-599">cross-referenced bibliography items</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-cross_002dreferences_002c-omitting-653">cross-references, omitting</a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-cross_002dreferenced-bibliography-items-555">cross-referenced bibliography items</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-cross_002dreferences_002c-omitting-608">cross-references, omitting</a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-current-directory_002c-used-for-output-150">current directory, used for output</a>: <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Curtis_002c-Pavel-15">Curtis, Pavel</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-CWEB-626">CWEB</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Cweb-625">Cweb</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-D-_0040var_007bc_007d-_0040r_007bditroff-graphics_007d-555"><code>D </code><var>c</var> <span class="roman">ditroff graphics</span></a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-CWEB-581">CWEB</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Cweb-580">Cweb</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-date-and-time_002c-in-memory-dumps-202">date and time, in memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-debugging-DVI-utilities-694">debugging DVI utilities</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-debugging-DVI-utilities-649">debugging DVI utilities</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-debugging-flags_002c-specifying-121">debugging flags, specifying</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-decimal-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-328">decimal character codes, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-decimal-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-324">decimal character codes, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-dependencies_002c-hardware-196">dependencies, hardware</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-design_002dsize-units-801">design-size units</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-device-definitions_002c-for-Metafont-392">device definitions, for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-device_002dindependent-width-780">device-independent width</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-device_002dindependent-width-737">device-independent width</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-design_002dsize-units-756">design-size units</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-device-definitions_002c-for-Metafont-403">device definitions, for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-device_002dindependent-width-735">device-independent width</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-device_002dindependent-width-692">device-independent width</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-directory-structure-28">directory structure</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-DISPLAY-449"><code>DISPLAY</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-ditroff-output_002c-converting-to-MPX-552">ditroff output, converting to MPX</a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-DMP-551"><code>DMP</code></a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-DMP-544"><code>DMP</code></a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-DMP_002c-invoked-by-MakeMPX-529">DMP, invoked by MakeMPX</a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-dmp_002ec-563"><code>dmp.c</code></a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DISPLAY-460"><code>DISPLAY</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-dot-files_002c-written-by-_0040TeX_007b_007d-programs-244">dot files, written by TeX programs</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-downloading-of-fonts-for-MetaPost-labels-501">downloading of fonts for MetaPost labels</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-dpost-554"><code>dpost</code></a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-DrawingServant-412"><code>DrawingServant</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-DrawPath-_0040r_007bditroff-command_007d-559"><code>DrawPath </code><span class="roman">ditroff command</span></a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-downloading-of-fonts-for-MetaPost-labels-512">downloading of fonts for MetaPost labels</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DrawingServant-423"><code>DrawingServant</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-dump-file-109">dump file</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-dumping-memory-168">dumping memory</a>: <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-DVI-comment_002c-specifying-260">DVI comment, specifying</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-DVI-files_002c-converting-to-MPX-548">DVI files, converting to MPX</a>: <a href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-DVI-files_002c-creating-multiple-352">DVI files, creating multiple</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-DVI-files_002c-explained-708">DVI files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-DVI-format-definition-664">DVI format definition</a>: <a href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-DVI-opcodes_002c-showing-693">DVI opcodes, showing</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-DVI-utilities-662">DVI utilities</a>: <a href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-dvicopy-665"><code>dvicopy</code></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-dvitomp-547"><code>dvitomp</code></a>: <a href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-DVITOMP-543"><code>DVITOMP</code></a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-DVItoMP_002c-invoked-by-MakeMPX-528">DVItoMP, invoked by MakeMPX</a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-dvitype-_0040r_007bDVI-validation_007d-675"><code>dvitype </code><span class="roman">DVI validation</span></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-dvitype-output-example-695">dvitype output example</a>: <a href="#dvitype-output-example">dvitype output example</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-dvitype_002eweb-663"><code>dvitype.web</code></a>: <a href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-dx-_0040r_007bhorizontal-escapement_007d-777">dx <span class="roman">horizontal escapement</span></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-dx-_0040r_007bhorizontal-escapement_007d-742">dx <span class="roman">horizontal escapement</span></a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-dy-_0040r_007bvertical-escapement_007d-778">dy <span class="roman">vertical escapement</span></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVI-files_002c-converting-to-MPX-535">DVI files, converting to MPX</a>: <a href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVI-files_002c-explained-663">DVI files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVI-format-definition-619">DVI format definition</a>: <a href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVI-opcodes_002c-showing-648">DVI opcodes, showing</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVI-utilities-617">DVI utilities</a>: <a href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dvicopy-620"><code>dvicopy</code></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dvitomp-534"><code>dvitomp</code></a>: <a href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dvitype-_0040r_007bDVI-validation_007d-630"><code>dvitype </code><span class="roman">DVI validation</span></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dvitype-output-example-650">dvitype output example</a>: <a href="#dvitype-output-example">dvitype output example</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dvitype_002eweb-618"><code>dvitype.web</code></a>: <a href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dx-_0040r_007bhorizontal-escapement_007d-732">dx <span class="roman">horizontal escapement</span></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dx-_0040r_007bhorizontal-escapement_007d-697">dx <span class="roman">horizontal escapement</span></a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dy-_0040r_007bvertical-escapement_007d-733">dy <span class="roman">vertical escapement</span></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-dynamic-array-allocation-86">dynamic array allocation</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-dynamic-Metafont-mode-definitions-with-_0040code_007bsmode_007d-399">dynamic Metafont mode definitions with <code>smode</code></a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-dynamic-packing-variable-733">dynamic packing variable</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dynamic-Metafont-mode-definitions-with-_0040code_007bsmode_007d-410">dynamic Metafont mode definitions with <code>smode</code></a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dynamic-packing-variable-688">dynamic packing variable</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-e-_0040r_007bresponse-at-error-prompt_007d-209"><code>e </code><span class="roman">response at error prompt</span></a>: <a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-e_002dcircumflex-304">e-circumflex</a>: <a href="#g_t_005ccharsubdef">\charsubdef</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-e_002d_0040TeX_007b_007d-342">e-TeX</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-e_002emft-477"><code>e.mft</code></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-EC-fonts-363">EC fonts</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-e_002dcircumflex-300">e-circumflex</a>: <a href="#g_t_005ccharsubdef">\charsubdef</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-e_002d_0040TeX_007b_007d-355">e-TeX</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-e_002emft-488"><code>e.mft</code></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-EC-fonts-374">EC fonts</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-EC-fonts-237">EC fonts</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-editing-of-bitmap-fonts-830">editing of bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-editing-of-bitmap-fonts-785">editing of bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-editor-invoked-at-error-207">editor invoked at error</a>: <a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-eight_002dbit-characters-in-filenames-221">eight-bit characters in filenames</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-empty_002etcx-318"><code>empty.tcx</code></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-empty_002etcx-314"><code>empty.tcx</code></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-endian-dependencies-193">endian dependencies</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-eoc-_0040r_007bGF-command_007d-771"><code>eoc </code><span class="roman">GF command</span></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Eplain-289">Eplain</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-epsf-404"><code>epsf</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-eoc-_0040r_007bGF-command_007d-726"><code>eoc </code><span class="roman">GF command</span></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Eplain-285">Eplain</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-epsf-415"><code>epsf</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-errors_002c-editor-invoked-at-208">errors, editor invoked at</a>: <a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-escapement_002c-horizontal-773">escapement, horizontal</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-escapement_002c-horizontal-740">escapement, horizontal</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-escapement_002c-vertical-775">escapement, vertical</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-etex-_0040r_007band-label-extraction_007d-571"><code>etex </code><span class="roman">and label extraction</span></a>: <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-etex-_0040r_007bfor-MetaPost-labels_007d-496"><code>etex </code><span class="roman">for MetaPost labels</span></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-escapement_002c-horizontal-728">escapement, horizontal</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-escapement_002c-horizontal-695">escapement, horizontal</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-escapement_002c-vertical-730">escapement, vertical</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-etex-_0040r_007bfor-MetaPost-labels_007d-507"><code>etex </code><span class="roman">for MetaPost labels</span></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-executables_002c-shared-initial-and-virgin-161">executables, shared initial and virgin</a>: <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-expanded-plain-format-290">expanded plain format</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-extensions-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-340">extensions to TeX</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-exit-status_002c-of-shell-escape-342">exit status, of shell escape</a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-expanded-plain-format-286">expanded plain format</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-extensions-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-353">extensions to TeX</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-extra_005fmem_005fbot-73"><code>extra_mem_bot</code></a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-FACE-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-791"><code>FACE </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-FAMILY-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-790"><code>FAMILY </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Ferguson_002c-Michael-298">Ferguson, Michael</a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-file-formats-for-fonts-702">file formats for fonts</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-file-mtimes_002c-comparing-577">file mtimes, comparing</a>: <a href="#newer-invocation">newer invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-FACE-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-746"><code>FACE </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-FAMILY-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-745"><code>FAMILY </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Ferguson_002c-Michael-294">Ferguson, Michael</a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-file-formats-for-fonts-657">file formats for fonts</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-file-recorder-133">file recorder</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-File_002dhandling-_0040TeX_007b_007d-351">File-handling TeX</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-filename-conventions_002c-in-input-files-215">filename conventions, in input files</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-filenames-starting-with-_0040samp_007b_002d_007d-94">filenames starting with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>&rsquo;</a>: <a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-first-line-of-the-main-input-file-137">first line of the main input file</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-fixed_002dpoint-arithmetic-39">fixed-point arithmetic</a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-FIXPT-38"><code>FIXPT</code></a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-flag-byte-732">flag byte</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-flag-byte-687">flag byte</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-floating_002dpoint-arithmetic-40">floating-point arithmetic</a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-floating_002dpoint-values-200">floating-point values</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-fmt-file_002c-determining-175">fmt file, determining</a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-fmt-files-275">fmt files</a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fmt-files-271">fmt files</a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-fmt-files_002c-sharing-188">fmt files, sharing</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-fmts-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-51"><code>fmts </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-font-aliases-146">font aliases</a>: <a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-font-character-code_002c-translating-331">font character code, translating</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-font-design-358">font design</a>: <a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-font-downloading-for-MetaPost-labels-502">font downloading for MetaPost labels</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-font-file-formats-701">font file formats</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-font-proofs-455">font proofs</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-font-utilities-696">font utilities</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-font-utilities_002c-non_002dWeb2c-822">font utilities, non-Web2c</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-font-character-code_002c-translating-327">font character code, translating</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-font-design-369">font design</a>: <a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-font-downloading-for-MetaPost-labels-513">font downloading for MetaPost labels</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-font-file-formats-656">font file formats</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-font-proofs-466">font proofs</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-font-utilities-651">font utilities</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-font-utilities_002c-non_002dWeb2c-777">font utilities, non-Web2c</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-font_005fmem_005fsize-78"><code>font_mem_size</code></a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-fontforge-837"><code>fontforge</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-fontinst_0040r_007b_002c-for-creating-virtual-fonts_007d-852"><code>fontinst</code><span class="roman">, for creating virtual fonts</span></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fontforge-792"><code>fontforge</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fontinst_0040r_007b_002c-for-creating-virtual-fonts_007d-807"><code>fontinst</code><span class="roman">, for creating virtual fonts</span></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-basic-30">fonts, basic</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-fontutils-848"><code>fontutils</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-format-files-278">format files</a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-formats-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-279">formats for TeX</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fontutils-803"><code>fontutils</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-format-files-274">format files</a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-formats-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-275">formats for TeX</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-formats-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-49"><code>formats </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-fraction-routines-42">fraction routines</a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Free-Software-Foundation-documentation-system-288">Free Software Foundation documentation system</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Free-Software-Foundation-documentation-system-284">Free Software Foundation documentation system</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-freedom-of-Web2c-9">freedom of Web2c</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-ftp_002emath_002eutah_002eedu-606"><code>ftp.math.utah.edu</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-generating-source-specials-271">generating source specials</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-geometric-designs-356">geometric designs</a>: <a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-geometric-font-scaling-706">geometric font scaling</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-geometry-for-Metafont-444">geometry for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ftp_002emath_002eutah_002eedu-562"><code>ftp.math.utah.edu</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-generating-source-specials-267">generating source specials</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-geometric-designs-367">geometric designs</a>: <a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-geometric-font-scaling-661">geometric font scaling</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-geometry-for-Metafont-455">geometry for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-getopt_005flong_005fonly-90"><code>getopt_long_only</code></a>: <a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-GF-files_002c-explained-711">GF files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-GF-files_002c-output-by-Metafont-368">GF files, output by Metafont</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-GF-format-definition-700">GF format definition</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-GF-output-367">GF output</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-GF_002c-converting-PK-to-723">GF, converting PK to</a>: <a href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-GF_002c-converting-to-PK-720">GF, converting to PK</a>: <a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-gftodvi-453"><code>gftodvi</code></a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-gftopk-717"><code>gftopk</code></a>: <a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-gftopxl-834"><code>gftopxl</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-gftype-_0040r_007bGF-validation_007d-756"><code>gftype </code><span class="roman">GF validation</span></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-gftype_002eweb-698"><code>gftype.web</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-GF-files_002c-explained-666">GF files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-GF-files_002c-output-by-Metafont-379">GF files, output by Metafont</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-GF-format-definition-655">GF format definition</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-GF-output-378">GF output</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-GF_002c-converting-PK-to-678">GF, converting PK to</a>: <a href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-GF_002c-converting-to-PK-675">GF, converting to PK</a>: <a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-gftodvi-464"><code>gftodvi</code></a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-gftopk-672"><code>gftopk</code></a>: <a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-gftopxl-789"><code>gftopxl</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-gftype-_0040r_007bGF-validation_007d-711"><code>gftype </code><span class="roman">GF validation</span></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-gftype_002eweb-653"><code>gftype.web</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-glue-ratio-representations-201">glue ratio representations</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-glue_002c-memory-for-75">glue, memory for</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-glyph-substitutions-301">glyph substitutions</a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-gray-font-457">gray font</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-glyph-substitutions-297">glyph substitutions</a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-gray-font-468">gray font</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Gruff_002c-Billy-Goat-61">Gruff, Billy Goat</a>: <a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-gsftopk-841"><code>gsftopk</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-gsftopk-796"><code>gsftopk</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Harbison_002c-Samuel-P_002e-205">Harbison, Samuel P.</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-hardware-and-memory-dumps-185">hardware and memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-hash-table_002c-increasing-size-of-82">hash table, increasing size of</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-hash_005fextra-80"><code>hash_extra</code></a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-headerbyte-_0040r_007binformation_007d-792"><code>headerbyte </code><span class="roman">information</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-height_002c-in-pixels-743">height, in pixels</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-headerbyte-_0040r_007binformation_007d-747"><code>headerbyte </code><span class="roman">information</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-height_002c-in-pixels-698">height, in pixels</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-help_002c-online-97">help, online</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Henry_002c-Patrick-11">Henry, Patrick</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Herberts_002c-Mathias-405">Herberts, Mathias</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-hex-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-327">hex character codes, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Herberts_002c-Mathias-416">Herberts, Mathias</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hex-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-323">hex character codes, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-history-12">history</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Hobby_002c-John-564">Hobby, John</a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Hobby_002c-John-4">Hobby, John</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-horizontal-escapement-772">horizontal escapement</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-horizontal-escapement-739">horizontal escapement</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-hp2627-407"><code>hp2627</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-human-languages_002c-supported-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-294">human languages, supported in TeX</a>: <a href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-DVI-to-678">human-readable text, converting DVI to</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-GF-to-759">human-readable text, converting GF to</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-PK-to-728">human-readable text, converting PK to</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-TFM-to-786">human-readable text, converting TFM to</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-VF-to-815">human-readable text, converting VF to</a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-hyphenation-and-languages-295">hyphenation and languages</a>: <a href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-hyphenation-patterns_002c-creating-335">hyphenation patterns, creating</a>: <a href="#patgen-invocation">patgen invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-horizontal-escapement-727">horizontal escapement</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-horizontal-escapement-694">horizontal escapement</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hp2627-418"><code>hp2627</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-human-languages_002c-supported-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-290">human languages, supported in TeX</a>: <a href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-DVI-to-633">human-readable text, converting DVI to</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-GF-to-714">human-readable text, converting GF to</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-PK-to-683">human-readable text, converting PK to</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-TFM-to-741">human-readable text, converting TFM to</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-VF-to-770">human-readable text, converting VF to</a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hypertext-362">hypertext</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hyphenation-and-languages-291">hyphenation and languages</a>: <a href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hyphenation-patterns_002c-creating-331">hyphenation patterns, creating</a>: <a href="#patgen-invocation">patgen invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ice-cream-10">ice cream</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-identifier-case-641">identifier case</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-identifier-collisions-646">identifier collisions</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-identifier-length-637">identifier length</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-identifiers-with-underlines-643">identifiers with underlines</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-ieeetr_002ebst-617"><code>ieeetr.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-il1_002dt1_002etcx-316"><code>il1-t1.tcx</code></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-il2_002dt1_002etcx-317"><code>il2-t1.tcx</code></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Info-format-287">Info format</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-identifier-case-596">identifier case</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-identifier-collisions-601">identifier collisions</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-identifier-length-592">identifier length</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-identifiers-with-underlines-598">identifiers with underlines</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ieeetr_002ebst-573"><code>ieeetr.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-il1_002dt1_002etcx-312"><code>il1-t1.tcx</code></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-il2_002dt1_002etcx-313"><code>il2-t1.tcx</code></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Info-format-283">Info format</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-initial-form_002c-enabling-114">initial form, enabling</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-initial-Metafont-378">initial Metafont</a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-initial-MetaPost-509">initial MetaPost</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-initial-Metafont-389">initial Metafont</a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-initial-MetaPost-520">initial MetaPost</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-initial-programs-165">initial programs</a>: <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-initial-_0040TeX_007b_007d-272">initial TeX</a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-initial-_0040TeX_007b_007d-268">initial TeX</a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-initializations_002c-lengthy-166">initializations, lengthy</a>: <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-input-filenames-214">input filenames</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-install_002dbases-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-54"><code>install-bases </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
@@ -4543,60 +4332,57 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<li><a href="#index-install_002dformats-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-50"><code>install-formats </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-install_002dmems-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-56"><code>install-mems </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-installation-26">installation</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-interaction-between-TCX-files-and-_0040samp_007b_002d8bit_007d_002e-333">interaction between TCX files and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>&rsquo;.</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-interaction-between-TCX-files-and-_0040samp_007b_002d8bit_007d_002e-329">interaction between TCX files and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>&rsquo;.</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-interaction-mode-116">interaction mode</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-international-characters-312">international characters</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-international-characters-308">international characters</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-introduction-1">introduction</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-IPC-337">IPC</a>: <a href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-IPC_005fDEBUG-339"><code>IPC_DEBUG</code></a>: <a href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-IPC-350">IPC</a>: <a href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-IPC_005fDEBUG-352"><code>IPC_DEBUG</code></a>: <a href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-IPC_005fDEBUG-43"><code>IPC_DEBUG</code></a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-job-name-118">job name</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-kerning-table_002c-in-TFM-files-800">kerning table, in TFM files</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-keyboard-character-code_002c-translating-332">keyboard character code, translating</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e-470">Knuth, Donald E.</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-kerning-table_002c-in-TFM-files-755">kerning table, in TFM files</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-keyboard-character-code_002c-translating-328">keyboard character code, translating</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e-481">Knuth, Donald E.</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e-2">Knuth, Donald E.</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-120"><code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-KRN-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-798"><code>KRN </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-label-font-459">label font</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-LABEL-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-796"><code>LABEL </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-labels_002c-extracting-from-MetaPost-input-566">labels, extracting from MetaPost input</a>: <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-labels_002c-for-MetaPost-526">labels, for MetaPost</a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-language-support-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-293">language support in TeX</a>: <a href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-languages_002c-hyphenation-rules-for-336">languages, hyphenation rules for</a>: <a href="#patgen-invocation">patgen invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040LaTeX_007b_007d-282">LaTeX</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Latin-Modern-829">Latin Modern</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-left-side-bearing-766">left side bearing</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-left-side-bearing-752">left side bearing</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-legalisms-853">legalisms</a>: <a href="#Legalisms">Legalisms</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-KRN-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-753"><code>KRN </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-label-font-470">label font</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-LABEL-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-751"><code>LABEL </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-language-support-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-289">language support in TeX</a>: <a href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-languages_002c-hyphenation-rules-for-332">languages, hyphenation rules for</a>: <a href="#patgen-invocation">patgen invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040LaTeX_007b_007d-278">LaTeX</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Latin-Modern-784">Latin Modern</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-left-side-bearing-721">left side bearing</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-left-side-bearing-707">left side bearing</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-legalisms-808">legalisms</a>: <a href="#Legalisms">Legalisms</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-licensing-terms-8">licensing terms</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-LIG-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-797"><code>LIG </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-ligature-table_002c-in-TFM-files-799">ligature table, in TFM files</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-LIGTABLE-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-795"><code>LIGTABLE </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-LIG-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-752"><code>LIG </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ligature-table_002c-in-TFM-files-754">ligature table, in TFM files</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-LIGTABLE-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-750"><code>LIGTABLE </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-linking-binaries-130">linking binaries</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-links-to-binaries-184">links to binaries</a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-literate-programming-621">literate programming</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-litprog_0040_0040shsu_002eedu-622"><code>litprog@shsu.edu</code></a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-literate-programming-577">literate programming</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-LittleEndian-machines-191">LittleEndian machines</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-log-file_002c-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-589">log file, BibTeX</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-log-file_002c-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-545">log file, BibTeX</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Lua-364">Lua</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-lua_0040TeX_007b_007d-363">luaTeX</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-machine-dependencies-194">machine dependencies</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-machine_002dreadable_002c-converting-property-lists-to-821">machine-readable, converting property lists to</a>: <a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-machine_002dreadable_002c-converting-property-lists-to-810">machine-readable, converting property lists to</a>: <a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-MacKay_002c-Pierre-715">MacKay, Pierre</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-macro-packages_002c-major-_0040TeX_007b_007d-281">macro packages, major TeX</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-machine_002dreadable_002c-converting-property-lists-to-776">machine-readable, converting property lists to</a>: <a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-machine_002dreadable_002c-converting-property-lists-to-765">machine-readable, converting property lists to</a>: <a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MacKay_002c-Pierre-670">MacKay, Pierre</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-macro-packages_002c-major-_0040TeX_007b_007d-277">macro packages, major TeX</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-macros_002c-basic-31">macros, basic</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-macros_002c-predefining-in-memory-dumps-169">macros, predefining in memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-magnification-683">magnification</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-magnification-668">magnification</a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-magnification-638">magnification</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-magnification-623">magnification</a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-main_005fmemory-72"><code>main_memory</code></a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Make-targets_002c-additional-46">Make targets, additional</a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-makempx-523"><code>makempx</code></a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-MAKEMPX_005fBINDIR-539"><code>MAKEMPX_BINDIR</code></a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Martin_002c-Rick-20">Martin, Rick</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Mathematical-Reviews-285">Mathematical Reviews</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Mathematical-Reviews-281">Mathematical Reviews</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mathematical-typesetting-229">mathematical typesetting</a>: <a href="#TeX">TeX</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mem-file_002c-determining-177">mem file, determining</a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-mem-files-512">mem files</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-mem-files_002c-plain-only-515">mem files, plain only</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mem-files-523">mem files</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mem-files_002c-plain-only-526">mem files, plain only</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mem-files_002c-sharing-190">mem files, sharing</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-memory-dump-to-use_002c-determining-174">memory dump to use, determining</a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-memory-dumps-167">memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a></li>
@@ -4605,365 +4391,341 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<li><a href="#index-memory-dumps_002c-creating-171">memory dumps, creating</a>: <a href="#Creating-memory-dumps">Creating memory dumps</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mems-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-55"><code>mems </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-meta-characters-in-filenames-222">meta characters in filenames</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Metafont-354">Metafont</a>: <a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Metafont-geometry-445">Metafont geometry</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Metafont-graphics-401">Metafont graphics</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Metafont-input-files-362">Metafont input files</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Metafont-invocation-360">Metafont invocation</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Metafont-meets-PostScript-482">Metafont meets PostScript</a>: <a href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Metafont-online-support_002c-new-devices-450">Metafont online support, new devices</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Metafont-source_002c-prettyprinting-465">Metafont source, prettyprinting</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Metafont_002c-compatibility-in-MetaPost-516">Metafont, compatibility in MetaPost</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Metafont_002c-initial-379">Metafont, initial</a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont-365">Metafont</a>: <a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont-geometry-456">Metafont geometry</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont-graphics-412">Metafont graphics</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont-input-files-373">Metafont input files</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont-invocation-371">Metafont invocation</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont-meets-PostScript-493">Metafont meets PostScript</a>: <a href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont-online-support_002c-new-devices-461">Metafont online support, new devices</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont-source_002c-prettyprinting-476">Metafont source, prettyprinting</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont_002c-compatibility-in-MetaPost-527">Metafont, compatibility in MetaPost</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont_002c-initial-390">Metafont, initial</a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Metafont_002c-MetaPost_002c-and-_0040TeX_007b_007d-159">Metafont, MetaPost, and TeX</a>: <a href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-MetaFun_002c-enhanced-MetaPost-521">MetaFun, enhanced MetaPost</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-metafun_002emp-520"><code>metafun.mp</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-MetaPost-480">MetaPost</a>: <a href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-MetaPost-and-plain-Metafont-compatibility-518">MetaPost and plain Metafont compatibility</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-MetaPost-input-files-488">MetaPost input files</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-MetaPost-input_002c-extracting-labels-from-569">MetaPost input, extracting labels from</a>: <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-MetaPost-invocation-484">MetaPost invocation</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-MetaPost-labels-524">MetaPost labels</a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-MetaPost-source_002c-prettyprinting-479">MetaPost source, prettyprinting</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-MetaPost_002c-initial-510">MetaPost, initial</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MetaFun_002c-enhanced-MetaPost-532">MetaFun, enhanced MetaPost</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-metafun_002emp-531"><code>metafun.mp</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MetaPost-491">MetaPost</a>: <a href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MetaPost-and-plain-Metafont-compatibility-529">MetaPost and plain Metafont compatibility</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MetaPost-input-files-499">MetaPost input files</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MetaPost-invocation-495">MetaPost invocation</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MetaPost-source_002c-prettyprinting-490">MetaPost source, prettyprinting</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MetaPost_002c-initial-521">MetaPost, initial</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-MetaPost_002c-_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-and-Metafont-160">MetaPost, TeX, and Metafont</a>: <a href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-metatype1-828"><code>metatype1</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-mf-359"><code>mf</code></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-mf_002ebase-383"><code>mf.base</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-metatype1-783"><code>metatype1</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mf-370"><code>mf</code></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mf_002ebase-394"><code>mf.base</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-MFEDIT-211"><code>MFEDIT</code></a>: <a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-mfplain_002emem-519"><code>mfplain.mem</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-mfput-366"><code>mfput</code></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-mft-464"><code>mft</code></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-mftalk-409"><code>mftalk</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-MFTERM-402"><code>MFTERM</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-mftmac_002etex-468"><code>mftmac.tex</code></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-mktexmf_0040r_007b_002c-disabling_007d-364"><code>mktexmf</code><span class="roman">, disabling</span></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mfplain_002emem-530"><code>mfplain.mem</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mfput-377"><code>mfput</code></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mft-475"><code>mft</code></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mftalk-420"><code>mftalk</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MFTERM-413"><code>MFTERM</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mftmac_002etex-479"><code>mftmac.tex</code></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-micro_002dtypography-361">micro-typography</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mktexmf_0040r_007b_002c-disabling_007d-375"><code>mktexmf</code><span class="roman">, disabling</span></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mktextfM_0040r_007b_002c-disabling_007d-238"><code>mktextfM</code><span class="roman">, disabling</span></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-mltex-296"><code>mltex</code></a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mltex-292"><code>mltex</code></a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-enabling-256">MLTeX, enabling</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-mode-needed-to-run-Metafont-372">mode needed to run Metafont</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-mode_005fdef-396"><code>mode_def</code></a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-mode_005fsetup-397"><code>mode_setup</code></a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-modes-file-needed-for-Metafont-390">modes file needed for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-modes_002emf-_0040r_007brecommended-modes-file_007d-394"><code>modes.mf </code><span class="roman">recommended modes file</span></a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mode-needed-to-run-Metafont-383">mode needed to run Metafont</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mode_005fdef-407"><code>mode_def</code></a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mode_005fsetup-408"><code>mode_setup</code></a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-modes-file-needed-for-Metafont-401">modes file needed for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-modes_002emf-_0040r_007brecommended-modes-file_007d-405"><code>modes.mf </code><span class="roman">recommended modes file</span></a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Morgan_002c-Tim-16">Morgan, Tim</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Morris_002c-Bob-21">Morris, Bob</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-MPEDIT-212"><code>MPEDIT</code></a>: <a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-mpgraph_002eps-486"><code>mpgraph.ps</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-mpman_002eps-485"><code>mpman.ps</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-mpost-483"><code>mpost</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mpgraph_002eps-497"><code>mpgraph.ps</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mpman_002eps-496"><code>mpman.ps</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mpost-494"><code>mpost</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mpost_0040r_007b_002c-reason-for-name-change_007d-27"><code>mpost</code><span class="roman">, reason for name change</span></a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-mpost_002emem-514"><code>mpost.mem</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-mpout-492"><code>mpout</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-mproof_002etex-500"><code>mproof.tex</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-MPSUPPORT-560"><code>MPSUPPORT</code></a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-MPto-565"><code>MPto</code></a>: <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-MPto_002c-invoked-by-MakeMPX-527">MPto, invoked by MakeMPX</a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-MPTOTEX-541"><code>MPTOTEX</code></a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-MPTOTR-542"><code>MPTOTR</code></a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mpost_002emem-525"><code>mpost.mem</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mpout-503"><code>mpout</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mproof_002etex-511"><code>mproof.tex</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mptrap-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-60"><code>mptrap </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mptrap-test-64">mptrap test</a>: <a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mptrap_002ereadme-68"><code>mptrap.readme</code></a>: <a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-mpx-file_002c-defined-538">mpx file, defined</a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-MPX-files_002c-converting-from-DVI-files-549">MPX files, converting from DVI files</a>: <a href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-MPX-files_002c-creating-from-ditroff-output-553">MPX files, creating from ditroff output</a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-mpxerr-534"><code>mpxerr</code></a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-mpxerr_002edvi-531"><code>mpxerr.dvi</code></a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-mpxerr_002elog-530"><code>mpxerr.log</code></a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-mpxerr_002et-533"><code>mpxerr.t</code></a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-mpxerr_002etex-532"><code>mpxerr.tex</code></a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-mtimes-of-files_002c-comparing-578">mtimes of files, comparing</a>: <a href="#newer-invocation">newer invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Multi_002dlingual-_0040TeX_007b_007d-297">Multi-lingual TeX</a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-multiple-DVI-files_002c-creating-353">multiple DVI files, creating</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-N-tilde-305">N tilde</a>: <a href="#g_t_005ccharsubdef">\charsubdef</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-new-graphics-support-for-Metafont-451">new graphics support for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-NEWER-540"><code>NEWER</code></a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-newer-_0040r_007bfile-comparison_007d-575"><code>newer </code><span class="roman">file comparison</span></a>: <a href="#newer-invocation">newer invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-newrow-_0040r_007bGF-command_007d-770"><code>newrow </code><span class="roman">GF command</span></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-next-411"><code>next</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-NO_005fX11WIN-429"><code>NO_X11WIN</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MPX-files_002c-converting-from-DVI-files-536">MPX files, converting from DVI files</a>: <a href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Multi_002dlingual-_0040TeX_007b_007d-293">Multi-lingual TeX</a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-N-tilde-301">N tilde</a>: <a href="#g_t_005ccharsubdef">\charsubdef</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-new-graphics-support-for-Metafont-462">new graphics support for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-newrow-_0040r_007bGF-command_007d-725"><code>newrow </code><span class="roman">GF command</span></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-next-422"><code>next</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-NO_005fX11WIN-440"><code>NO_X11WIN</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-non_002dUnix-system_002c-compiling-on-48">non-Unix system, compiling on</a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-NUL_002c-not-allowed-in-filenames-220">NUL, not allowed in filenames</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-octal-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-326">octal character codes, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-offset-for-overflow-labels-463">offset for overflow labels</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-older_002dthan_002c-file-comparisons-579">older-than, file comparisons</a>: <a href="#newer-invocation">newer invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Omega-344">Omega</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-online-Metafont-graphics-400">online Metafont graphics</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-opcodes_002c-showing-DVI-692">opcodes, showing DVI</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-optical-font-scaling-705">optical font scaling</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-octal-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-322">octal character codes, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-offset-for-overflow-labels-474">offset for overflow labels</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Omega-357">Omega</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-online-Metafont-graphics-411">online Metafont graphics</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-opcodes_002c-showing-DVI-647">opcodes, showing DVI</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-optical-font-scaling-660">optical font scaling</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-option-conventions-88">option conventions</a>: <a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-origin-749">origin</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-origin-704">origin</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-output-directory_002c-specifying-153">output directory, specifying</a>: <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-output-directory_002c-specifying-124">output directory, specifying</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-output-file-location-149">output file location</a>: <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-output-files_002c-written-by-_0040TeX_007b_007d-programs-242">output files, written by TeX programs</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-output_005fcomment-_0040r_007bfor-DVI-files_007d-259"><code>output_comment </code><span class="roman">for DVI files</span></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-overflow-label-offset-462">overflow label offset</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-packet-length-735">packet length</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-page_002c-starting-689">page, starting</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-page_002c-starting-673">page, starting</a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-overflow-label-offset-473">overflow label offset</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-packet-length-690">packet length</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-page_002c-starting-644">page, starting</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-page_002c-starting-628">page, starting</a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-parsing-the-first-line-127">parsing the first line</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Pascal_002c-creating-from-WEB-631">Pascal, creating from WEB</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-patgen-334"><code>patgen</code></a>: <a href="#patgen-invocation">patgen invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Pascal_002c-creating-from-WEB-586">Pascal, creating from WEB</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-patgen-330"><code>patgen</code></a>: <a href="#patgen-invocation">patgen invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-path-searching-143">path searching</a>: <a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-path-searching-debugging-122">path searching debugging</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PDF-347">PDF</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-pdf_0040TeX_007b_007d-346">pdfTeX</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-permissions_002c-legal-855">permissions, legal</a>: <a href="#Legalisms">Legalisms</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PFA-and-PFB-conversion-844">PFA and PFB conversion</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-pfaedit-838"><code>pfaedit</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PDF-360">PDF</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pdf_0040TeX_007b_007d-359">pdfTeX</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-permissions_002c-legal-810">permissions, legal</a>: <a href="#Legalisms">Legalisms</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PFA-and-PFB-conversion-799">PFA and PFB conversion</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pfaedit-793"><code>pfaedit</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-PiC_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-increasing-memory-for-77">PiCTeX, increasing memory for</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-picture-expressions-537">picture expressions</a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-pixel-height-744">pixel height</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-pixel-width-745">pixel width</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PK-bitmaps-from-PostScript-839">PK bitmaps from PostScript</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PK-files_002c-explained-710">PK files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PK-files_002c-not-output-by-Metafont-369">PK files, not output by Metafont</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PK-format-definition-699">PK format definition</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PK_002c-converting-GF-to-719">PK, converting GF to</a>: <a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PK_002c-converting-to-GF-724">PK, converting to GF</a>: <a href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-pktogf-721"><code>pktogf</code></a>: <a href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-pktype-_0040r_007bPK-validation_007d-725"><code>pktype </code><span class="roman">PK validation</span></a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-pktype_002eweb-697"><code>pktype.web</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PL-files_002c-explained-712">PL files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-plain-Metafont_002c-compatibility-in-MetaPost-517">plain Metafont, compatibility in MetaPost</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-DVI-to-677">plain text, converting DVI to</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-GF-to-758">plain text, converting GF to</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-PK-to-727">plain text, converting PK to</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-TFM-to-787">plain text, converting TFM to</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-VF-to-816">plain text, converting VF to</a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-plain_002ebase-382"><code>plain.base</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-plain_002ebst-612"><code>plain.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-plain_002efmt-276"><code>plain.fmt</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-plain_002emem-513"><code>plain.mem</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-plain_002emft-475"><code>plain.mft</code></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-pltotf-807"><code>pltotf</code></a>: <a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-pool-file_002c-writing-634">pool file, writing</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Poole_002c-Simon-425">Poole, Simon</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-pooltype-656"><code>pooltype</code></a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pipes_002c-reading-and-writing-344">pipes, reading and writing</a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pixel-height-699">pixel height</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pixel-width-700">pixel width</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PK-bitmaps-from-PostScript-794">PK bitmaps from PostScript</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PK-files_002c-explained-665">PK files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PK-files_002c-not-output-by-Metafont-380">PK files, not output by Metafont</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PK-format-definition-654">PK format definition</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PK_002c-converting-GF-to-674">PK, converting GF to</a>: <a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PK_002c-converting-to-GF-679">PK, converting to GF</a>: <a href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pktogf-676"><code>pktogf</code></a>: <a href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pktype-_0040r_007bPK-validation_007d-680"><code>pktype </code><span class="roman">PK validation</span></a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pktype_002eweb-652"><code>pktype.web</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PL-files_002c-explained-667">PL files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-plain-Metafont_002c-compatibility-in-MetaPost-528">plain Metafont, compatibility in MetaPost</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-DVI-to-632">plain text, converting DVI to</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-GF-to-713">plain text, converting GF to</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-PK-to-682">plain text, converting PK to</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-TFM-to-742">plain text, converting TFM to</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-VF-to-771">plain text, converting VF to</a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-plain_002ebase-393"><code>plain.base</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-plain_002ebst-568"><code>plain.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-plain_002efmt-272"><code>plain.fmt</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-plain_002emem-524"><code>plain.mem</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-plain_002emft-486"><code>plain.mft</code></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pltotf-762"><code>pltotf</code></a>: <a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pool-file_002c-writing-589">pool file, writing</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Poole_002c-Simon-436">Poole, Simon</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pooltype-611"><code>pooltype</code></a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-portable-filenames-223">portable filenames</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts_002c-and-Troff-497">PostScript fonts, and Troff</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PostScript-meets-Metafont-481">PostScript meets Metafont</a>: <a href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PostScript-output-494">PostScript output</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PostScript-to-PK-bitmaps-840">PostScript to PK bitmaps</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PostScript-Type-1-font-conversion-845">PostScript Type 1 font conversion</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PostScript_002c-and-font-scaling-707">PostScript, and font scaling</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-potrace-850"><code>potrace</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Pragma-ADE-522">Pragma ADE</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts_002c-and-Troff-508">PostScript fonts, and Troff</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-meets-Metafont-492">PostScript meets Metafont</a>: <a href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-output-505">PostScript output</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-to-PK-bitmaps-795">PostScript to PK bitmaps</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-Type-1-font-conversion-800">PostScript Type 1 font conversion</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript_002c-and-font-scaling-662">PostScript, and font scaling</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-potrace-805"><code>potrace</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Pragma-ADE-533">Pragma ADE</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-predefined-macros-and-memory-dumps-170">predefined macros and memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-prettyprinting-Metafont-source-466">prettyprinting Metafont source</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-prettyprinting-WEB-programs-650">prettyprinting WEB programs</a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-primitives_002c-new-343">primitives, new</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-printable-characters_002c-specifying-329">printable characters, specifying</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-printer-characteristics_002c-for-Metafont-393">printer characteristics, for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-prettyprinting-Metafont-source-477">prettyprinting Metafont source</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-prettyprinting-WEB-programs-605">prettyprinting WEB programs</a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-primitives_002c-new-356">primitives, new</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-printable-characters_002c-specifying-325">printable characters, specifying</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-printer-characteristics_002c-for-Metafont-404">printer characteristics, for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-production-use-164">production use</a>: <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-program-name_002c-determines-memory-dump-183">program name, determines memory dump</a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-program-names_002c-special-257">program names, special</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-program-names_002c-special-113">program names, special</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-prologues-507"><code>prologues</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-prologues-_0040r_007band-Troff-in-MetaPost_007d-536"><code>prologues </code><span class="roman">and Troff in MetaPost</span></a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-prologues_0040r_007b_002c-and-EPSF-output_007d-503"><code>prologues</code><span class="roman">, and EPSF output</span></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-proof-_0040r_007bmode_007d-373"><code>proof </code><span class="roman">mode</span></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-proof-sheets_002c-of-fonts-456">proof sheets, of fonts</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-property-list-format-789">property list format</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-property-list_002c-converting-TFM-to-785">property list, converting TFM to</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-property-list_002c-converting-VF-to-virtual-814">property list, converting VF to virtual</a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-ps2pk-842"><code>ps2pk</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap_0040r_007b_002c-read-by-MetaPost_007d-504"><code>psfonts.map</code><span class="roman">, read by MetaPost</span></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PXL-files_002c-explained-709">PXL files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-pxtoch-836"><code>pxtoch</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Raichle_002c-Bernd-299">Raichle, Bernd</a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-prologues-518"><code>prologues</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-prologues_0040r_007b_002c-and-EPSF-output_007d-514"><code>prologues</code><span class="roman">, and EPSF output</span></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-proof-_0040r_007bmode_007d-384"><code>proof </code><span class="roman">mode</span></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-proof-sheets_002c-of-fonts-467">proof sheets, of fonts</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-property-list-format-744">property list format</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-property-list_002c-converting-TFM-to-740">property list, converting TFM to</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-property-list_002c-converting-VF-to-virtual-769">property list, converting VF to virtual</a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ps2pk-797"><code>ps2pk</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap_0040r_007b_002c-read-by-MetaPost_007d-515"><code>psfonts.map</code><span class="roman">, read by MetaPost</span></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PXL-files_002c-explained-664">PXL files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pxtoch-791"><code>pxtoch</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Raichle_002c-Bernd-295">Raichle, Bernd</a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-reading_002c-additional-23">reading, additional</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-readonly-directory_002c-running-_0040TeX_007b_007d-in-154">readonly directory, running TeX in</a>: <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-reallocation-of-arrays-85">reallocation of arrays</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-redefined-character-substitutions-307">redefined character substitutions</a>: <a href="#g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef">\tracingcharsubdef</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-reference-pixel-750">reference pixel</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-references-856">references</a>: <a href="#References">References</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-regis-414"><code>regis</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Regis-graphics-support-416">Regis graphics support</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-redefined-character-substitutions-303">redefined character substitutions</a>: <a href="#g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef">\tracingcharsubdef</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-reference-pixel-705">reference pixel</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-references-811">references</a>: <a href="#References">References</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-regis-425"><code>regis</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Regis-graphics-support-427">Regis graphics support</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-regression-testing-261">regression testing</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-repeated-rows-755">repeated rows</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-representation-of-strings-660">representation of strings</a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-right-side-bearing-767">right side bearing</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-right-side-bearing-753">right side bearing</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-right_002dto_002dleft-typesetting-350">right-to-left typesetting</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-repeated-rows-710">repeated rows</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-representation-of-strings-615">representation of strings</a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-restricted-shell-escapes-335">restricted shell escapes</a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-right-side-bearing-722">right side bearing</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-right-side-bearing-708">right side bearing</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Rokicki_002c-Tomas-13">Rokicki, Tomas</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-run-length-encoded-bitmaps-769">run length encoded bitmaps</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-run-length-encoded-bitmaps-754">run length encoded bitmaps</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-run-length-encoded-bitmaps-724">run length encoded bitmaps</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-run-length-encoded-bitmaps-709">run length encoded bitmaps</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-runtime-options-69">runtime options</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-scaled-pixels-776">scaled pixels</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-scaled-pixels-741">scaled pixels</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-scaling-of-fonts-704">scaling of fonts</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-scanned-images-of-fonts-846">scanned images of fonts</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-scaled-pixels-731">scaled pixels</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-scaled-pixels-696">scaled pixels</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-scaling-of-fonts-659">scaling of fonts</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-scanned-images-of-fonts-801">scanned images of fonts</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-security_002c-and-_0040code_007b_005copenout_007d-241">security, and <code>\openout</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-security_002c-and-output-files-245">security, and output files</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-security_002c-and-shell-escapes-270">security, and shell escapes</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-SetColor-_0040r_007bditroff-command_007d-557"><code>SetColor </code><span class="roman">ditroff command</span></a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-shapes-357">shapes</a>: <a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-security_002c-and-shell-escapes-334">security, and shell escapes</a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-shapes-368">shapes</a>: <a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-sharing-memory-dumps-187">sharing memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-shell-commands-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-264">shell commands in TeX</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-shell_005fescape-_0040r_007benabling-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-266"><code>shell_escape </code><span class="roman">enabling in TeX</span></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-siam_002ebst-618"><code>siam.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-side-bearings-768">side bearings</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-side-bearings-751">side bearings</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-slant-font-460">slant font</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-slides_002c-producing-292">slides, producing</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Sli_0040TeX_007b_007d-291">SliTeX</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-small-Metafont-memory-and-modes-395">small Metafont memory and modes</a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-smode-_0040r_007band-dynamic-Metafont-mode-definition_007d-398"><code>smode </code><span class="roman">and dynamic Metafont mode definition</span></a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-sockets-338">sockets</a>: <a href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-shell-commands-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-333">shell commands in TeX</a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-shell_005fescape-_0040r_007benabling-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-337"><code>shell_escape </code><span class="roman">enabling in TeX</span></a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-shell_005fescape_005fcommands-343"><code>shell_escape_commands</code></a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-siam_002ebst-574"><code>siam.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-side-bearings-723">side bearings</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-side-bearings-706">side bearings</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-slant-font-471">slant font</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-slides_002c-producing-288">slides, producing</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Sli_0040TeX_007b_007d-287">SliTeX</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-small-Metafont-memory-and-modes-406">small Metafont memory and modes</a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-smode-_0040r_007band-dynamic-Metafont-mode-definition_007d-409"><code>smode </code><span class="roman">and dynamic Metafont mode definition</span></a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-sockets-351">sockets</a>: <a href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-space_002dterminated-filenames-217">space-terminated filenames</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Spiderweb-624">Spiderweb</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Spiderweb-579">Spiderweb</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Stallman_002c-Richard-22">Stallman, Richard</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-starting-page-688">starting page</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-starting-page-672">starting page</a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-starting-page-643">starting page</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-starting-page-627">starting page</a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Steele-Jr_002e_002c-Guy-L_002e-206">Steele Jr., Guy L.</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-stopping-at-the-first-error-111">stopping at the first error</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-strategy_002c-overall-7">strategy, overall</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-string-numbers_002c-displaying-658">string numbers, displaying</a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-string-pool_002c-writing-635">string pool, writing</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-string-representation-661">string representation</a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-style-design_002c-for-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-603">style design, for BibTeX</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-style-files-474">style files</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-substitutions-of-font-glyphs-302">substitutions of font glyphs</a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-sun-417"><code>sun</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-sun_002dgfx_002ec-421"><code>sun-gfx.c</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Suntools-419">Suntools</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-SunView-418">SunView</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-string-numbers_002c-displaying-613">string numbers, displaying</a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-string-pool_002c-writing-590">string pool, writing</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-string-representation-616">string representation</a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-style-design_002c-for-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-559">style design, for BibTeX</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-style-files-485">style files</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-substitutions-of-font-glyphs-298">substitutions of font glyphs</a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-sun-428"><code>sun</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-sun_002dgfx_002ec-432"><code>sun-gfx.c</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Suntools-430">Suntools</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-SunView-429">SunView</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-swap-space_002c-as-array-limit-84">swap space, as array limit</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-swapping-bytes-199">swapping bytes</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-syntax-of-TCX-files-321">syntax of TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-system-_0040r_007bC-library-function_007d-269"><code>system </code><span class="roman">C library function</span></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-T1-encoding-and-ISO-input-320">T1 encoding and ISO input</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Tachikawa_002c-Elizabeth-716">Tachikawa, Elizabeth</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-tangle-630"><code>tangle</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-syntax-of-TCX-files-317">syntax of TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-system-_0040r_007bC-library-function_007d-340"><code>system </code><span class="roman">C library function</span></a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-system-command-336">system command</a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-T1-encoding-and-ISO-input-316">T1 encoding and ISO input</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Tachikawa_002c-Elizabeth-671">Tachikawa, Elizabeth</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-tangle-585"><code>tangle</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-targets_002c-additional-Make-45">targets, additional Make</a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-TCX-_0040r_007bcharacter-translation-files_007d-309"><code>TCX </code><span class="roman">character translation files</span></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-tek-422"><code>tek</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Tektronix-423">Tektronix</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Tektronix-4014-427">Tektronix 4014</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-TERM-403"><code>TERM</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TCX-_0040r_007bcharacter-translation-files_007d-305"><code>TCX </code><span class="roman">character translation files</span></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-tek-433"><code>tek</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Tektronix-434">Tektronix</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Tektronix-4014-438">Tektronix 4014</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TERM-414"><code>TERM</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-terminator-for-filenames-219">terminator for filenames</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-terse-output-596">terse output</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-TEX-545"><code>TEX</code></a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-terse-output-552">terse output</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-tex-232"><code>tex</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-bibliographies-for-609">TeX, bibliographies for</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-creating-from-Metafont-467">TeX, creating from Metafont</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-creating-from-WEB-648">TeX, creating from WEB</a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-bibliographies-for-565">TeX, bibliographies for</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-creating-from-Metafont-478">TeX, creating from Metafont</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-creating-from-WEB-603">TeX, creating from WEB</a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-description-of-227">TeX, description of</a>: <a href="#TeX">TeX</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-extensions-to-341">TeX, extensions to</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-format-packages-for-280">TeX, format packages for</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-initial-273">TeX, initial</a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-extensions-to-354">TeX, extensions to</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-format-packages-for-276">TeX, format packages for</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-initial-269">TeX, initial</a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-input-files-found-235">TeX, input files found</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-invocation-233">TeX, invocation</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-Metafont_002c-and-MetaPost-158">TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost</a>: <a href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-Web2c-implementation-of-3">TeX, Web2c implementation of</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-TeX_002d_002dXeT-348"><code>TeX--XeT</code></a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-tex_002efmt-277"><code>tex.fmt</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-TEXBIB_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bib-files_007d-592"><code>TEXBIB</code><span class="roman">, search path for bib files</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-tex_002efmt-273"><code>tex.fmt</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXBIB_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bib-files_007d-548"><code>TEXBIB</code><span class="roman">, search path for bib files</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-TEXEDIT-210"><code>TEXEDIT</code></a>: <a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-texfonts_002emap-148"><code>texfonts.map</code></a>: <a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Texinfo-286">Texinfo</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Texinfo-282">Texinfo</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf-144"><code>texmf.cnf</code></a>: <a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-texmfmp_002ec-452"><code>texmfmp.c</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-texmfmp_002ec-463"><code>texmfmp.c</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-texmfmp_002ec-_0040r_007band-_0040code_007bopenoutnameok_007d_007d-246"><code>texmfmp.c </code><span class="roman">and </span><code>openoutnameok</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-TEXMFOUTPUT_0040r_007b_002c-used-if-_0040samp_007b_002e_007d-unwritable_007d-155"><code>TEXMFOUTPUT</code><span class="roman">, used if &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; unwritable</span></a>: <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-texput-236"><code>texput</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-text_002c-extracting-from-MetaPost-input-568">text, extracting from MetaPost input</a>: <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-converting-property-lists-to-809">TFM files, converting property lists to</a>: <a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-explained-703">TFM files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-converting-property-lists-to-764">TFM files, converting property lists to</a>: <a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-explained-658">TFM files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-memory-for-79">TFM files, memory for</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-output-by-Metafont-371">TFM files, output by Metafont</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-output-by-MetaPost-493">TFM files, output by MetaPost</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-TFM-width-of-characters-779">TFM width of characters</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-TFM-width-of-characters-736">TFM width of characters</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-tftopl-782"><code>tftopl</code></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-output-by-Metafont-382">TFM files, output by Metafont</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-output-by-MetaPost-504">TFM files, output by MetaPost</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TFM-width-of-characters-734">TFM width of characters</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TFM-width-of-characters-691">TFM width of characters</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-tftopl-737"><code>tftopl</code></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-three-programs-157">three programs</a>: <a href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-time-and-date_002c-in-memory-dumps-203">time and date, in memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-title-font-458">title font</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-toolkits_002c-X-437">toolkits, X</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-title-font-469">title font</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-toolkits_002c-X-448">toolkits, X</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-torture-tests-65">torture tests</a>: <a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-translation-file-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-specifying-135">translation file for TeX, specifying</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-translation-from-WEB-to-C-6">translation from WEB to C</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-trap-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-59"><code>trap </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-trap-test-63">trap test</a>: <a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-trapman_002etex-67"><code>trapman.tex</code></a>: <a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-trchars_002eadj-561"><code>trchars.adj</code></a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Trickey_002c-Howard-14">Trickey, Howard</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-trip-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-58"><code>trip </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-trip-test-62">trip test</a>: <a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-tripman_002etex-66"><code>tripman.tex</code></a>: <a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-triptrap-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-57"><code>triptrap </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-TROFF-546"><code>TROFF</code></a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Troff_002c-and-MetaPost-498">Troff, and MetaPost</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Troff_002c-WEB-for-629">Troff, WEB for</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Troff_002c-and-MetaPost-509">Troff, and MetaPost</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Troff_002c-WEB-for-584">Troff, WEB for</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Trojan-horses-and-_0040TeX_007b_007d-programs-243">Trojan horses and TeX programs</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-TUGboat-bibliography-608">TUGboat bibliography</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Type-1-conversion-843">Type 1 conversion</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-type-design_002c-personal-389">type design, personal</a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-type-programs_002c-DVI-679">type programs, DVI</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-type-programs_002c-GF-760">type programs, GF</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-type-programs_002c-PK-729">type programs, PK</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-type-programs_002c-pool-657">type programs, pool</a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-typeface-families-355">typeface families</a>: <a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-typeface-specimen-sheets-847">typeface specimen sheets</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TUGboat-bibliography-564">TUGboat bibliography</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Type-1-conversion-798">Type 1 conversion</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-type-design_002c-personal-400">type design, personal</a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-type-programs_002c-DVI-634">type programs, DVI</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-type-programs_002c-GF-715">type programs, GF</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-type-programs_002c-PK-684">type programs, PK</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-type-programs_002c-pool-612">type programs, pool</a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-typeface-families-366">typeface families</a>: <a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-typeface-specimen-sheets-802">typeface specimen sheets</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-typesetting-228">typesetting</a>: <a href="#TeX">TeX</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Unicode-345">Unicode</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Unicode-358">Unicode</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Unicode-input-248">Unicode input</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-uniterm-426"><code>uniterm</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-unsrt_002ebst-619"><code>unsrt.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-uniterm-437"><code>uniterm</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-unsrt_002ebst-575"><code>unsrt.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-using-local-codepage-to-display-messages-142">using local codepage to display messages</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-UTF_002d8-input-249">UTF-8 input</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-DVI-files-680">validation, of DVI files</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-GF-files-761">validation, of GF files</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-PK-files-730">validation, of PK files</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-TFM-files-784">validation, of TFM files</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-VF-files-813">validation, of VF files</a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-verbatimtex-_0040r_007bMetaPost-command_007d-572"><code>verbatimtex </code><span class="roman">MetaPost command</span></a>: <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-verbose-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-output_002c-suppressing-597">verbose BibTeX output, suppressing</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-DVI-files-635">validation, of DVI files</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-GF-files-716">validation, of GF files</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-PK-files-685">validation, of PK files</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-TFM-files-739">validation, of TFM files</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-VF-files-768">validation, of VF files</a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-verbose-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-output_002c-suppressing-553">verbose BibTeX output, suppressing</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-verbosity_002c-enabling-99">verbosity, enabling</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-version-number_002c-finding-101">version number, finding</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-vertical-escapement-774">vertical escapement</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-VF-files_002c-converting-property-lists-to-820">VF files, converting property lists to</a>: <a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-vftovp-811"><code>vftovp</code></a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-vertical-escapement-729">vertical escapement</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-VF-files_002c-converting-property-lists-to-775">VF files, converting property lists to</a>: <a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-vftovp-766"><code>vftovp</code></a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-virgin-programs-163">virgin programs</a>: <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-virtual-font-creation-851">virtual font creation</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-virtual-fonts_002c-expanding-666">virtual fonts, expanding</a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-virtual_002dfonts_002eknuth-713"><code>virtual-fonts.knuth</code></a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-virtualfonts_002etxt-714"><code>virtualfonts.txt</code></a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-vptovf-818"><code>vptovf</code></a>: <a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-weave-647"><code>weave</code></a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-WEB-620">WEB</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-WEB-pool-files_002c-displaying-659">WEB pool files, displaying</a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-WEB-programs_002c-compiling-632">WEB programs, compiling</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-WEB-programs_002c-typesetting-649">WEB programs, typesetting</a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-WEB2C_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-TCX-files_007d-315"><code>WEB2C</code><span class="roman">, search path for TCX files</span></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-virtual-font-creation-806">virtual font creation</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-virtual-fonts_002c-expanding-621">virtual fonts, expanding</a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-virtual_002dfonts_002eknuth-668"><code>virtual-fonts.knuth</code></a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-virtualfonts_002etxt-669"><code>virtualfonts.txt</code></a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-vptovf-773"><code>vptovf</code></a>: <a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-weave-602"><code>weave</code></a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-WEB-576">WEB</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-web-environments_002c-and-security-349">web environments, and security</a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-WEB-pool-files_002c-displaying-614">WEB pool files, displaying</a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-WEB-programs_002c-compiling-587">WEB programs, compiling</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-WEB-programs_002c-typesetting-604">WEB programs, typesetting</a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-WEB2C_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-TCX-files_007d-311"><code>WEB2C</code><span class="roman">, search path for TCX files</span></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Weber_002c-Olaf-18">Weber, Olaf</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-webmac_002etex-655"><code>webmac.tex</code></a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-webman_002etex-623"><code>webman.tex</code></a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-whitespace_002c-in-TCX-files-323">whitespace, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-webmac_002etex-610"><code>webmac.tex</code></a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-webman_002etex-578"><code>webman.tex</code></a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-whitespace_002c-in-TCX-files-319">whitespace, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-whitespace_002dterminated-filenames-218">whitespace-terminated filenames</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-width_002c-device_002dindependent-781">width, device-independent</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-width_002c-device_002dindependent-738">width, device-independent</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-width_002c-in-pixels-746">width, in pixels</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-width_002c-device_002dindependent-736">width, device-independent</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-width_002c-device_002dindependent-693">width, device-independent</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-width_002c-in-pixels-701">width, in pixels</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-word-processor_002c-not-231">word processor, not</a>: <a href="#TeX">TeX</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-writing-memory-dumps-173">writing memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Creating-memory-dumps">Creating memory dumps</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-X-bitmap-fonts-826">X bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-X-class-name-for-Metafont-442">X class name for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-x-offset-747">x offset</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-X-resources-441">X resources</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-X-toolkits-and-Metafont-438">X toolkits and Metafont</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-x-X-_0040r_007bditroff-device-control_007d-556"><code>x X </code><span class="roman">ditroff device control</span></a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-xampl_002ebib-605"><code>xampl.bib</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-xbfe_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-831"><code>xbfe</code><span class="roman">, bitmap font editor</span></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-xfed_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-832"><code>xfed</code><span class="roman">, bitmap font editor</span></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-xfedor_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-833"><code>xfedor</code><span class="roman">, bitmap font editor</span></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Xlib-431"><code>Xlib</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Xlib-support-440">Xlib support</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Xt-430"><code>Xt</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Xt-support-439">Xt support</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-xterm-432"><code>xterm</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-y-offset-748">y offset</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-X-bitmap-fonts-781">X bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-X-class-name-for-Metafont-453">X class name for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-x-offset-702">x offset</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-X-resources-452">X resources</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-X-toolkits-and-Metafont-449">X toolkits and Metafont</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-xampl_002ebib-561"><code>xampl.bib</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-xbfe_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-786"><code>xbfe</code><span class="roman">, bitmap font editor</span></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-xfed_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-787"><code>xfed</code><span class="roman">, bitmap font editor</span></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-xfedor_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-788"><code>xfedor</code><span class="roman">, bitmap font editor</span></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Xlib-442"><code>Xlib</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Xlib-support-451">Xlib support</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Xt-441"><code>Xt</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Xt-support-450">Xt support</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-xterm-443"><code>xterm</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-y-offset-703">y offset</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_007e-_0040r_007bexpansion-in-filenames_007d-224"><code>~ </code><span class="roman">expansion in filenames</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li>
</ul></body></html>