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diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/texinfo/info-stnd.html b/Master/texmf/doc/texinfo/info-stnd.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3e227d9a42f --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf/doc/texinfo/info-stnd.html @@ -0,0 +1,2463 @@ +<html lang="en"> +<head> +<title>GNU Info 4.7</title> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html"> +<meta name="description" content="GNU Info 4.7"> +<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.7"> +<link title="Top" rel="top" href="#Top"> +<link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage"> +<!-- +This manual is for GNU Info (version 4.7, 23 March 2004), +a program for viewing documents in Info format (usually created from +Texinfo source files). + +Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, +2003, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this + document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, + Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software + Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts + being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) + below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled + "GNU Free Documentation License." + + (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have freedom to copy and + modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by + the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development." + --> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css"> +<style type="text/css"><!-- + pre.display { font-family:inherit } + pre.format { font-family:inherit } + pre.smalldisplay { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller } + pre.smallformat { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller } + pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller } + pre.smalllisp { font-size:smaller } + span.sc { font-variant:small-caps } + span.roman { font-family: serif; font-weight: normal; } +--></style> +</head> +<body> +<h1 class="settitle">GNU Info 4.7</h1> + <div class="contents"> +<h2>Table of Contents</h2> +<ul> +<li><a name="toc_Top" href="#Top">GNU Info</a> +<li><a name="toc_What-is-Info" href="#What-is-Info">1 What is Info?</a> +<li><a name="toc_Invoking-Info" href="#Invoking-Info">2 Invoking Info</a> +<li><a name="toc_Cursor-Commands" href="#Cursor-Commands">3 Moving the Cursor</a> +<li><a name="toc_Scrolling-Commands" href="#Scrolling-Commands">4 Moving Text Within a Window</a> +<li><a name="toc_Node-Commands" href="#Node-Commands">5 Selecting a Node</a> +<li><a name="toc_Searching-Commands" href="#Searching-Commands">6 Searching an Info File</a> +<li><a name="toc_Xref-Commands" href="#Xref-Commands">7 Selecting Cross References</a> +<ul> +<li><a href="#Parts-of-an-Xref">7.1 Parts of an Xref</a> +<li><a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">7.2 Selecting Xrefs</a> +</li></ul> +<li><a name="toc_Window-Commands" href="#Window-Commands">8 Manipulating Multiple Windows</a> +<ul> +<li><a href="#The-Mode-Line">8.1 The Mode Line</a> +<li><a href="#Basic-Windows">8.2 Window Commands</a> +<li><a href="#The-Echo-Area">8.3 The Echo Area</a> +</li></ul> +<li><a name="toc_Printing-Nodes" href="#Printing-Nodes">9 Printing Nodes</a> +<li><a name="toc_Miscellaneous-Commands" href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">10 Miscellaneous Commands</a> +<li><a name="toc_Variables" href="#Variables">11 Manipulating Variables</a> +<li><a name="toc_Custom-Key-Bindings" href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">12 Customizing Key Bindings and Variables</a> +<ul> +<li><a href="#Invoking-infokey">12.1 Invoking <span class="command">infokey</span></a> +<li><a href="#infokey-source-format">12.2 <span class="command">infokey</span> source format</a> +</li></ul> +<li><a name="toc_Copying-This-Manual" href="#Copying-This-Manual">Appendix A Copying This Manual</a> +<ul> +<li><a href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">A.1 GNU Free Documentation License</a> +<ul> +<li><a href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">A.1.1 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</a> +</li></ul> +</li></ul> +<li><a name="toc_Index" href="#Index">Appendix B Index</a> +</li></ul> +</div> + + + +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="Top"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#What-is-Info">What is Info</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#dir">(dir)</a> +<br> +</div> + +<h2 class="unnumbered">GNU Info</h2> + +<p>This manual is for GNU Info (version 4.7, 23 March 2004), +a program for viewing documents in Info format (usually created from +Texinfo source files). + + <p>Copyright © 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, +2003, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + <blockquote> +Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document +under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or +any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no +Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being “A GNU Manual,” +and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the +license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation +License.” + + <p>(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: “You have freedom to copy and modify +this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free +Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.” +</blockquote> + + <p>This documentation is different from the documentation for the Info +reader that is part of GNU Emacs. If you do not know how to use Info, +but have a working Info reader, you should read the Emacs documentation +first, as it includes more background information and a thorough tutorial. + +<ul class="menu"> +<li><a accesskey="1" href="#What-is-Info">What is Info</a>: What is Info? +<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a>: Options you can pass on the command line. +<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a>: Commands which move the cursor within a node. +<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a>: Commands for reading the text within a node. +<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a>: Commands for selecting a new node. +<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a>: Commands for searching an Info file. +<li><a accesskey="7" href="#Xref-Commands">Xref Commands</a>: Commands for selecting cross references. +<li><a accesskey="8" href="#Window-Commands">Window Commands</a>: Commands which manipulate multiple windows. +<li><a accesskey="9" href="#Printing-Nodes">Printing Nodes</a>: How to print out the contents of a node. +<li><a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a>: A few commands that defy categories. +<li><a href="#Variables">Variables</a>: How to change the default behavior of Info. +<li><a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a>: How to define your own key-to-command bindings. +<li><a href="#Copying-This-Manual">Copying This Manual</a>: The GNU Free Documentation License. +<li><a href="#Index">Index</a>: Global index containing keystrokes, + command names, variable names, + and general concepts. +</ul> + +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="What-is-Info"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Top">Top</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> +<br> +</div> + +<h2 class="chapter">1 What is Info?</h2> + +<p><dfn>Info</dfn> is a program which is used to view Info files on an ASCII +terminal. <dfn>Info files</dfn> are the result of processing Texinfo files +with the program <code>makeinfo</code> or with one of the Emacs commands, such +as <code>M-x texinfo-format-buffer</code>. Texinfo itself is a documentation +system that uses a single source file to produce both on-line +information and printed output. You can typeset and print the files +that you read in Info. + +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="Invoking-Info"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#What-is-Info">What is Info</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> +<br> +</div> + +<h2 class="chapter">2 Invoking Info</h2> + +<p><a name="index-Info_002c-invoking-1"></a><a name="index-invoking-Info-2"></a><a name="index-command-line-options-3"></a><a name="index-options_002c-command-line-4"></a><a name="index-arguments_002c-command-line-5"></a> +GNU Info accepts several options to control the initial node being +viewed, and to specify which directories to search for Info files. Here +is a template showing an invocation of GNU Info from the shell: + +<pre class="example"> info [<var>option</var>]... [<var>menu-item</var>...] +</pre> + <p>The program accepts the following options: + + <dl> +<a name="_002d_002dapropos"></a> +<dt><code>--apropos=</code><var>string</var><dd><a name="index-Searching-all-indices-6"></a><a name="index-Info-files_0040r_007b_002c-searching-all-indices_007d-7"></a><a name="index-Apropos_0040r_007b_002c-in-Info-files_007d-8"></a>Specify a string to search in every index of every Info file installed +on your system. Info looks up the named <var>string</var> in all the indices +it can find, prints the results to standard output, and then exits. If +you are not sure which Info file explains certain issues, this option is +your friend. Note that if your system has a lot of Info files +installed, searching all of them might take some time. + + <p>You can invoke the apropos command from inside Info; see +<a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a>. + + <p><a name="index-directory-path-9"></a><br><dt><code>--directory </code><var>directory-path</var><dt><code>-d </code><var>directory-path</var><dd>Prepend <var>directory-path</var> to the list of directory paths searched +when Info needs to find a file. You may issue <code>--directory</code> +multiple times; once for each directory which contains Info files. The +list of directories searched by Info is constructed from the value of +the environment variable <code>INFOPATH</code>; <code>--directory</code> causes the +named <var>directory-path</var> to be prepended to that list. The value of +<code>INFOPATH</code> is a list of directories usually separated by a colon; +on MS-DOS/MS-Windows systems, the semicolon is used. If you do not +define <code>INFOPATH</code>, Info uses a default path defined when Info was +built as the initial list of directories. If the value of +<code>INFOPATH</code> ends with a colon (or semicolon on MS-DOS/MS-Windows), +the initial list of directories is constructed by appending the +build-time default to the value of <code>INFOPATH</code>. + + <p><a name="index-keystrokes_002c-recording-10"></a><a name="index-remembering-user-keystrokes-11"></a><br><dt><code>--dribble=</code><var>dribble-file</var><dd>Specify a file where all user keystrokes will be recorded. This file +can be used later to replay the same sequence of commands, see the +<span class="samp">--restore</span> option below. + + <br><dt><code>--file </code><var>filename</var><dt><code>-f </code><var>filename</var><dd><a name="index-Info-file_002c-selecting-12"></a>Specify a particular Info file to visit. By default, Info visits +the file <code>dir</code>; if you use this option, Info will start with +<code>(</code><var>filename</var><code>)Top</code> as the first file and node. + + <p><a name="index-relative-Info-file-names-13"></a><a name="index-file-names_002c-relative-14"></a><a name="index-Info-files_002c-relative-15"></a>If <var>filename</var> is an absolute file name, or begins with <span class="file">./</span> or +<span class="file">../</span>, Info looks for <var>filename</var> only in the directory of the +specified <var>filename</var>, and adds the directory of <var>filename</var> to +the value of <code>INFOPATH</code>. In contrast, if <var>filename</var> is in the +form of a relative file name, but without the <span class="file">./</span> or <span class="file">../</span> +prefix, Info will only look for it in the directories specified in +<code>INFOPATH</code>. In other words, Info does <em>not</em> treat file names +which lack <span class="file">./</span> and <span class="file">../</span> prefix as relative to the current +directory. + + <p><a name="index-compressed-Info-files-16"></a><a name="index-files_002c-compressed-17"></a><a name="index-Info-files_002c-compressed-18"></a>In every directory Info tries, if <var>filename</var> is not found, Info +looks for it with a number of known extensions of Info files<a rel="footnote" href="#fn-1" name="fnd-1"><sup>1</sup></a>. For every +known extension, Info looks for a compressed file, if a regular file +isn't found. Info supports files compressed with <code>gzip</code>, +<code>bzip2</code>, <code>compress</code> and <code>yabba</code> programs; it calls +<code>gunzip</code>, <code>bunzip2</code>, <code>uncompress</code> and <code>unyabba</code>, +accordingly, to decompress such files. Compressed Info files are +assumed to have <span class="file">.z</span>, <span class="file">.gz</span>, <span class="file">.bz2</span>, <span class="file">.Z</span>, or +<span class="file">.Y</span> extensions, possibly in addition to one of the known Info +files extensions<a rel="footnote" href="#fn-2" name="fnd-2"><sup>2</sup></a>. + + <br><dt><code>--help</code><dt><code>-h</code><dd>Produces a relatively brief description of the available Info options. + + <br><dt><code>--index-search </code><var>string</var><dd><a name="index-index-search_002c-selecting-from-the-command-line-19"></a><a name="index-online-help_002c-using-Info-as-20"></a>After processing all command-line arguments, go to the index in the Info +file and search for index entries which match <var>string</var>. If such an +entry is found, the Info session begins with displaying the node pointed +to by the first matching index entry; press <kbd>,</kbd> to step through the +rest of the matching entries. If no such entry exists, print <span class="samp">no +entries found</span> and exit with nonzero status. This can be used from +another program as a way to provide online help, or as a quick way of +starting to read an Info file at a certain node when you don't know the +exact name of that node. + + <p>This command can also be invoked from inside Info; see <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a>. + + <br><dt><code>--node </code><var>nodename</var><dt><code>-n </code><var>nodename</var><dd><a name="index-node_002c-selecting-from-the-command-line-21"></a>Specify a particular node to visit in the initial file that Info +loads. This is especially useful in conjunction with +<code>--file</code><a rel="footnote" href="#fn-3" name="fnd-3"><sup>3</sup></a>. You may specify <code>--node</code> multiple times; for +an interactive Info, each <var>nodename</var> is visited in its own window, +for a non-interactive Info (such as when <code>--output</code> is given) each +<var>nodename</var> is processed sequentially. + + <br><dt><code>--output </code><var>filename</var><dt><code>-o </code><var>filename</var><dd><a name="index-file_002c-outputting-to-22"></a><a name="index-outputting-to-a-file-23"></a>Specify <var>filename</var> as the name of a file to which to direct output. +Each node that Info visits will be output to <var>filename</var> instead of +interactively viewed. A value of <code>-</code> for <var>filename</var> specifies +the standard output. + + <p><a name="index-colors-in-documents-24"></a><a name="index-ANSI-escape-sequences-in-documents-25"></a><br><dt><code>--raw-escapes</code><dt><code>--no-raw-escapes</code><dt><code>-R</code><dd>Do not remove ANSI escape sequences from documents. Some versions of +Groff, the GNU document formatter, produce man pages with ANSI escape +sequences for bold, italics, and underlined characters, and for +colorized text. By default, Info lets those escape sequences pass +through directly to the terminal. If your terminal does not support +these escapes, use <code>--no-raw-escapes</code> to make Info remove them. + + <p><a name="index-replaying-recorded-keystrokes-26"></a><br><dt><code>--restore=</code><var>dribble-file</var><dd>Read keystrokes from <var>dribble-file</var>, presumably recorded during +previous Info session (see the description of the <span class="samp">--dribble</span> +option above). When the keystrokes in the files are all read, Info +reverts its input to the usual interactive operation. + + <p><a name="_002d_002dshow_002doptions"></a> +<a name="index-command_002dline-options_002c-how-to-find-27"></a><a name="index-invocation-description_002c-how-to-find-28"></a><br><dt><code>--show-options</code><dt><code>--usage</code><dt><code>-O</code><dd>This option causes Info to look for the node that describes how to +invoke the program and its command-line options, and begin the session +by displaying that node. It is provided to make it easier to find the +most important usage information in a manual without the need to wade +through complex menu hierarchies. The effect is similar to the +<code>M-x goto-invocation</code> command (see <a href="#goto_002dinvocation">goto-invocation</a>) from inside +Info. + + <p><a name="index-speech-synthesizers-29"></a><br><dt><code>--speech-friendly</code><dt><code>-b</code><dd>On MS-DOS/MS-Windows only, this option causes Info to use standard file +I/O functions for screen writes. (By default, Info uses direct writes +to the video memory on these systems, for faster operation and colored +display support.) This allows the speech synthesizers used by blind +persons to catch the output and convert it to audible speech. + + <br><dt><code>--subnodes</code><dd><a name="index-_0040code_007b_002d_002dsubnodes_007d_002c-command-line-option-30"></a>This option only has meaning when given in conjunction with +<code>--output</code>. It means to recursively output the nodes appearing in +the menus of each node being output. Menu items which resolve to +external Info files are not output, and neither are menu items which are +members of an index. Each node is only output once. + + <br><dt><code>--version</code><dd><a name="index-version-information-31"></a>Prints the version information of Info and exits. + + <p><a name="_002d_002dvi_002dkeys"></a> +<a name="index-vi_002dlike-key-bindings-32"></a><a name="index-Less_002dlike-key-bindings-33"></a><br><dt><code>--vi-keys</code><dd>This option binds functions to keys differently, to emulate the key +bindings of <code>vi</code> and Less. The default key bindings are generally +modeled after Emacs. +(See <a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a>, +for a more general way of altering GNU Info's key bindings.) + + <p><a name="index-Info-manual-location-34"></a><a name="index-Where-is-an-Info-manual_003f-35"></a><br><dt><code>--where</code><dt><code>--location</code><dt><code>-w</code><dd>Show the filename that would be read and exit, instead of actually +reading it and starting Info. + + <br><dt><var>menu-item</var><dd><a name="index-menu_002c-following-36"></a><a name="command_002dline-menu-items"></a> +Info treats its remaining arguments as the names of menu items. The +first argument is a menu item in the initial node visited (generally +<code>dir</code>), the second argument is a menu item in the first argument's +node, etc. You can easily move to the node of your choice by specifying +the menu names which describe the path to that node. For example, + + <pre class="example"> info emacs buffers + </pre> + <p class="noindent">first selects the menu item <span class="samp">Emacs</span> in the node <span class="samp">(dir)Top</span>, +and then selects the menu item <span class="samp">Buffers</span> in the node +<span class="samp">(emacs)Top</span>. +</dl> + + <p>To avoid searching the <span class="file">dir</span> files and just show some arbitrary +file, use <span class="samp">-f</span> and the filename, as in <span class="samp">info -f ./foo.info</span>. + + <p>The index search and the search for the node which describes program +invocation and command-line options begins <em>after</em> processing all +the command-line menu items. Therefore, the Info file searched for the +index or the invocation node is the file where Info finds itself after +following all the menu items given on the command line. This is so +<span class="samp">info emacs --show-options</span> does what you'd expect. + +<!-- FIXME: the feature with lowercasing the file name isn't documented --> +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="Cursor-Commands"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> +<br> +</div> + +<h2 class="chapter">3 Moving the Cursor</h2> + +<p><a name="index-cursor_002c-moving-37"></a><a name="index-moving-the-cursor-38"></a> +Many people find that reading screens of text page by page is made +easier when one is able to indicate particular pieces of text with +some kind of pointing device. Since this is the case, GNU Info (both +the Emacs and standalone versions) have several commands which allow +you to move the cursor about the screen. The notation used in this +manual to describe keystrokes is identical to the notation used within +the Emacs manual, and the GNU Readline manual. See <a href="emacs.html#User-Input">User Input (the GNU Emacs Manual)</a>, if you are unfamiliar with the +notation.<a rel="footnote" href="#fn-4" name="fnd-4"><sup>4</sup></a> + + <p>The following table lists the basic cursor movement commands in Info. +Each entry consists of the key sequence you should type to execute the +cursor movement, the <code>M-x</code><a rel="footnote" href="#fn-5" name="fnd-5"><sup>5</sup></a> command name (displayed in parentheses), and a short +description of what the command does. All of the cursor motion commands +can take a <dfn>numeric</dfn> argument (see <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands"><code>universal-argument</code></a>. With a +numeric argument, the motion commands are simply executed that +many times; for example, a numeric argument of 4 given to +<code>next-line</code> causes the cursor to move down 4 lines. With a +negative numeric argument, the motion is reversed; an argument of -4 +given to the <code>next-line</code> command would cause the cursor to move +<em>up</em> 4 lines. + + <dl> +<dt><C-n> (<code>next-line</code>)<dt><DOWN> (an arrow key)<dd><a name="index-C_002dn-39"></a><a name="index-DOWN-_0028an-arrow-key_0029-40"></a><a name="index-next_002dline-41"></a>Move the cursor down to the next line. + + <br><dt><C-p> (<code>prev-line</code>)<dt><UP> (an arrow key)<dd><a name="index-C_002dp-42"></a><a name="index-UP-_0028an-arrow-key_0029-43"></a><a name="index-prev_002dline-44"></a>Move the cursor up to the previous line. + + <br><dt><C-a> (<code>beginning-of-line</code>)<dt><Home> (on DOS/Windows only)<dd><a name="index-C_002da_002c-in-Info-windows-45"></a><a name="index-Home-46"></a><a name="index-beginning_002dof_002dline-47"></a>Move the cursor to the start of the current line. + + <br><dt><C-e> (<code>end-of-line</code>)<dt><End> (on DOS/Windows only)<dd><a name="index-C_002de_002c-in-Info-windows-48"></a><a name="index-End-49"></a><a name="index-end_002dof_002dline-50"></a>Move the cursor to the end of the current line. + + <br><dt><C-f> (<code>forward-char</code>)<dt><RIGHT> (an arrow key)<dd><a name="index-C_002df_002c-in-Info-windows-51"></a><a name="index-RIGHT-_0028an-arrow-key_0029-52"></a><a name="index-forward_002dchar-53"></a>Move the cursor forward a character. + + <br><dt><C-b> (<code>backward-char</code>)<dt><LEFT> (an arrow key)<dd><a name="index-C_002db_002c-in-Info-windows-54"></a><a name="index-LEFT-_0028an-arrow-key_0029-55"></a><a name="index-backward_002dchar-56"></a>Move the cursor backward a character. + + <br><dt><M-f> (<code>forward-word</code>)<dt><kbd>C-<RIGHT></kbd> (on DOS/Windows only)<dd><a name="index-M_002df_002c-in-Info-windows-57"></a><a name="index-C_002dRIGHT-58"></a><a name="index-forward_002dword-59"></a>Move the cursor forward a word. + + <br><dt><M-b> (<code>backward-word</code>)<dt><kbd>C-<LEFT></kbd> (on DOS/Windows only)<dd><a name="index-M_002db_002c-in-Info-windows-60"></a><a name="index-C_002dLEFT-61"></a><a name="index-backward_002dword-62"></a>Move the cursor backward a word. + + <br><dt><M-<> (<code>beginning-of-node</code>)<dt><C-<Home>> (on DOS/Windows only)<dt><b><dt><M-b>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-b_002c-in-Info-windows-63"></a><a name="index-M_002d_003c-64"></a><a name="index-C_002dHome-65"></a><a name="index-M_002db_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-66"></a><a name="index-beginning_002dof_002dnode-67"></a>Move the cursor to the start of the current node. + + <br><dt><M->> (<code>end-of-node</code>)<dt><C-<End>> (on DOS/Windows only)<dt><e><dd><a name="index-M_002d_003e-68"></a><a name="index-e_002c-in-Info-windows-69"></a><a name="index-C_002dEnd-70"></a><a name="index-end_002dof_002dnode-71"></a>Move the cursor to the end of the current node. + + <br><dt><M-r> (<code>move-to-window-line</code>)<dd><a name="index-M_002dr-72"></a><a name="index-move_002dto_002dwindow_002dline-73"></a>Move the cursor to a specific line of the window. Without a numeric +argument, <code>M-r</code> moves the cursor to the start of the line in the +center of the window. With a numeric argument of <var>n</var>, <code>M-r</code> +moves the cursor to the start of the <var>n</var>th line in the window. +</dl> + +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="Scrolling-Commands"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> +<br> +</div> + +<h2 class="chapter">4 Moving Text Within a Window</h2> + +<p><a name="index-scrolling-74"></a> +Sometimes you are looking at a screenful of text, and only part of the +current paragraph you are reading is visible on the screen. The +commands detailed in this section are used to shift which part of the +current node is visible on the screen. + + <p>Scrolling commands are bound differently when <span class="samp">--vi-keys</span> operation +is in effect (see <a href="#_002d_002dvi_002dkeys">–vi-keys</a>). These key bindings are designated +with “vi-like operation”. + + <dl> +<dt><SPC> (<code>scroll-forward</code>)<dd><a name="index-SPC_002c-in-Info-windows-75"></a><a name="index-scroll_002dforward-76"></a>Shift the text in this window up. That is, show more of the node which +is currently below the bottom of the window. With a numeric argument, +show that many more lines at the bottom of the window; a numeric +argument of 4 would shift all of the text in the window up 4 lines +(discarding the top 4 lines), and show you four new lines at the bottom +of the window. Without a numeric argument, <SPC> takes the bottom +two lines of the window and places them at the top of the window, +redisplaying almost a completely new screenful of lines. If you are at +the end of a node, <SPC> takes you to the “next” node, so that you can +read an entire manual from start to finish by repeating <SPC>. + + <p>The default scroll size is one screen-full, but it can be changed by +invoking the (<code>scroll-forward-page-only-set-window</code>) command, +<span class="samp">z</span> under <span class="samp">--vi-keys</span>, with a numeric argument. + + <br><dt><NEXT> (an arrow key) (<code>scroll-forward-page-only</code>)<dt><C-v><dt><C-f>, vi-like operation<dt><f>, vi-like operation<dt><M-SPC>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-NEXT-77"></a><a name="index-C_002dv-78"></a><a name="index-C_002df_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-79"></a><a name="index-f_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-80"></a><a name="index-M_002dSPC_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-81"></a><a name="index-scroll_002dforward_002dpage_002donly-82"></a>Shift the text in this window up. This is identical to the <SPC> +operation above, except that it never scrolls beyond the end of the +current node. + + <p><a name="index-PageDown-83"></a>The <NEXT> key is known as the <PageDown> key on some +keyboards. + + <br><dt><z> (<code>scroll-forward-page-only-set-window</code>, vi-like operation)<dd><a name="index-z_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-84"></a><a name="index-scroll_002dforward_002dpage_002donly_002dset_002dwindow-85"></a>Scroll forward, like with <NEXT>, but if a numeric argument is +specified, it becomes the default scroll size for subsequent +<code>scroll-forward</code> and <code>scroll-backward</code> commands and their +ilk. + + <br><dt><DEL> (<code>scroll-backward</code>)<dd><a name="index-DEL_002c-in-Info-windows-86"></a><a name="index-scroll_002dbackward-87"></a>Shift the text in this window down. The inverse of +<code>scroll-forward</code>. +If you are at the start of a node, <DEL> takes you to the +“previous” node, so that you can read an entire manual from finish to +start by repeating <DEL>. The default scroll size can be changed by +invoking the (<code>scroll-backward-page-only-set-window</code>) command, +<span class="samp">w</span> under <span class="samp">--vi-keys</span>, with a numeric argument. + + <dt><PREVIOUS> (arrow key) (<code>scroll-backward-page-only</code>)<dt><PRIOR> (arrow key)<dt><M-v><dt><b>, vi-like operation<dt><C-b>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-PREVIOUS-88"></a><a name="index-M_002dv-89"></a><a name="index-b_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-90"></a><a name="index-C_002db_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-91"></a><a name="index-scroll_002dbackward_002dpage_002donly-92"></a>Shift the text in this window down. The inverse of +<code>scroll-forward-page-only</code>. Does not scroll beyond the start of +the current node. The default scroll size can be changed by invoking +the(<code>scroll-backward-page-only-set-window</code>) command, <span class="samp">w</span> under +<span class="samp">--vi-keys</span>, with a numeric argument. + + <br><dt><w> (<code>scroll-backward-page-only-set-window</code>, vi-like operation)<dd><a name="index-w_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-93"></a><a name="index-scroll_002dbackward_002dpage_002donly_002dset_002dwindow-94"></a>Scroll backward, like with <PREVIOUS>, but if a numeric argument is +specified, it becomes the default scroll size for subsequent +<code>scroll-forward</code> and <code>scroll-backward</code> commands. + + <br><dt><C-n> (<code>down-line</code>, vi-like operation)<dt><C-e>, vi-like operation<dt><RET>, vi-like operation<dt><LFD>, vi-like operation<dt><DOWN>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-C_002dn_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-95"></a><a name="index-C_002de_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-96"></a><a name="index-RET_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-97"></a><a name="index-LFD_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-98"></a><a name="index-DOWN_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-99"></a><a name="index-down_002dline-100"></a>Scroll forward by one line. With a numeric argument, scroll forward +that many lines. + + <br><dt><C-p> (<code>up-line</code>, vi-like operation)<dt><UP>, vi-like operation<dt><y>, vi-like operation<dt><k>, vi-like operation<dt><C-k>, vi-like operation<dt><C-y>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-C_002dp_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-101"></a><a name="index-UP_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-102"></a><a name="index-y_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-103"></a><a name="index-k_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-104"></a><a name="index-C_002dk_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-105"></a><a name="index-C_002dy_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-106"></a><a name="index-up_002dline-107"></a>Scroll backward one line. With a numeric argument, scroll backward that +many lines. + + <br><dt><d> (<code>scroll-half-screen-down</code>, vi-like operation)<dt><C-d>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-d_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-108"></a><a name="index-C_002dd_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-109"></a><a name="index-scroll_002dhalf_002dscreen_002ddown-110"></a>Scroll forward by half of the screen size. With a numeric argument, +scroll that many lines. If an argument is specified, it becomes the new +default number of lines to scroll for subsequent <span class="samp">d</span> and <span class="samp">u</span> +commands. + + <br><dt><u> (<code>scroll-half-screen-up</code>, vi-like operation)<dt><C-u>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-u_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-111"></a><a name="index-C_002du_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-112"></a><a name="index-scroll_002dhalf_002dscreen_002dup-113"></a>Scroll back by half of the screen size. With a numeric argument, +scroll that many lines. If an argument is specified, it becomes the new +default number of lines to scroll for subsequent <span class="samp">u</span> and <span class="samp">d</span> +commands. +</dl> + + <p><a name="index-scrolling-through-node-structure-114"></a>The <code>scroll-forward</code> and <code>scroll-backward</code> commands can also +move forward and backward through the node structure of the file. If +you press <SPC> while viewing the end of a node, or <DEL> while +viewing the beginning of a node, what happens is controlled by the +variable <code>scroll-behavior</code>. See <a href="#Variables"><code>scroll-behavior</code></a>, for more information. + + <p>The <code>scroll-forward-page-only</code> and <code>scroll-backward-page-only</code> +commands never scroll beyond the current node. + + <p><a name="index-PageUp-115"></a>The <PREVIOUS> key is the <PageUp> key on many keyboards. Emacs +refers to it by the name <PRIOR>. When you use <PRIOR> or +<PageUp> to scroll, Info never scrolls beyond the beginning of the +current node. + + <p><a name="index-BS-_0028backspace_0029-116"></a>If your keyboard lacks the <DEL> key, look for a key called +<BS>, or <span class="samp">BackSpace</span>, sometimes designated with an arrow which +points to the left, which should perform the same function. + + <dl> +<dt><C-l> (<code>redraw-display</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dl-117"></a><a name="index-redraw_002ddisplay-118"></a>Redraw the display from scratch, or shift the line containing the cursor +to a specified location. With no numeric argument, <span class="samp">C-l</span> clears +the screen, and then redraws its entire contents. Given a numeric +argument of <var>n</var>, the line containing the cursor is shifted so that +it is on the <var>n</var>th line of the window. + + <br><dt><kbd>C-x <w></kbd> (<code>toggle-wrap</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dw-119"></a><a name="index-toggle_002dwrap-120"></a>Toggles the state of line wrapping in the current window. Normally, +lines which are longer than the screen width <dfn>wrap</dfn>, i.e., they are +continued on the next line. Lines which wrap have a <span class="samp">\</span> appearing +in the rightmost column of the screen. You can cause such lines to be +terminated at the rightmost column by changing the state of line +wrapping in the window with <code>C-x w</code>. When a line which needs more +space than one screen width to display is displayed, a <span class="samp">$</span> appears +in the rightmost column of the screen, and the remainder of the line is +invisible. When long lines are truncated, the modeline displays the +<span class="samp">$</span> character near its left edge. +</dl> + +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="Node-Commands"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> +<br> +</div> + +<h2 class="chapter">5 Selecting a Node</h2> + +<p><a name="index-nodes_002c-selection-of-121"></a> +This section details the numerous Info commands which select a new node +to view in the current window. + + <p>The most basic node commands are <span class="samp">n</span>, <span class="samp">p</span>, <span class="samp">u</span>, and +<span class="samp">l</span>. Note that the commands to select nodes are mapped differently +when <span class="samp">--vi-keys</span> is in effect; these keybindings are designated +below as “vi-like operation”. + + <p>When you are viewing a node, the top line of the node contains some Info +<dfn>pointers</dfn> which describe where the next, previous, and up nodes +are. Info uses this line to move about the node structure of the file +when you use the following commands: + + <dl> +<dt><n> (<code>next-node</code>)<dt><kbd>C-<NEXT></kbd> (on DOS/Windows only)<dt><kbd>C-x <n></kbd>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-n-122"></a><a name="index-C_002dNEXT-123"></a><a name="index-C_002dx-n_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-124"></a><a name="index-next_002dnode-125"></a>Select the `Next' node. + + <p><a name="index-C_002dPgDn-126"></a>The <NEXT> key is known as the <PgDn> key on some +keyboards. + + <br><dt><p> (<code>prev-node</code>)<dt><kbd>C-<PREVIOUS></kbd> (on DOS/Windows only)<dd><a name="index-p-127"></a><a name="index-C_002dPREVIOUS-128"></a><a name="index-prev_002dnode-129"></a>Select the `Prev' node. + + <p><a name="index-C_002dPgUp-130"></a>The <PREVIOUS> key is known as the <PgUp> key on some +keyboards. + + <br><dt><u> (<code>up-node</code>)<dt><kbd>C-<UP></kbd> (an arrow key on DOS/Windows only)<dt><kbd>C-x <u></kbd>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-u-131"></a><a name="index-C_002dUP-132"></a><a name="index-C_002dx-u_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-133"></a><a name="index-up_002dnode-134"></a>Select the `Up' node. +</dl> + + <p>You can easily select a node that you have already viewed in this window +by using the <span class="samp">l</span> command – this name stands for "last", and +actually moves backwards through the history of visited nodes for this +window. This is handy when you followed a reference to another node, +possibly to read about a related issue, and would like then to resume +reading at the same place where you started the excursion. + + <p>Each node where you press <span class="samp">l</span> is discarded from the history. Thus, +by the time you get to the first node you visited in a window, the +entire history of that window is discarded. + + <dl> +<dt><l> (<code>history-node</code>)<dt><C-<CENTER>> (on DOS/Windows only)<dt><'>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-l-135"></a><a name="index-C_002dCENTER-136"></a><a name="index-_0027_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-137"></a><a name="index-history_002dnode-138"></a>Pop the most recently selected node in this window from the node +history. +</dl> + + <p>Two additional commands make it easy to select the most commonly +selected nodes; they are <span class="samp">t</span> and <span class="samp">d</span>. + + <dl> +<dt><t> (<code>top-node</code>)<dt><M-t>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-t-139"></a><a name="index-M_002dt_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-140"></a><a name="index-top_002dnode-141"></a>Select the node <span class="samp">Top</span> in the current Info file. + + <br><dt><d> (<code>dir-node</code>)<dt><M-d>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-d-142"></a><a name="index-M_002dd_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-143"></a><a name="index-dir_002dnode-144"></a>Select the directory node (i.e., the node <span class="samp">(dir)</span>). +</dl> + + <p>Here are some other commands which immediately result in the selection +of a different node in the current window: + + <dl> +<dt><<> (<code>first-node</code>)<dt><g>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-_003c-145"></a><a name="index-g_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-146"></a><a name="index-first_002dnode-147"></a>Selects the first node which appears in this file. This node is most +often <span class="samp">Top</span>, but it does not have to be. With a numeric argument +<var>N</var>, select the <var>N</var>th node (the first node is node 1). An +argument of zero is the same as the argument of 1. + + <br><dt><>> (<code>last-node</code>)<dt><G>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-_003e-148"></a><a name="index-G_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-149"></a><a name="index-last_002dnode-150"></a>Select the last node which appears in this file. With a numeric argument +<var>N</var>, select the <var>N</var>th node (the first node is node 1). An +argument of zero is the same as no argument, i.e., it selects the last +node. + + <br><dt><]> (<code>global-next-node</code>)<dd><a name="index-_005d-151"></a><a name="index-global_002dnext_002dnode-152"></a>Move forward or down through node structure. If the node that you are +currently viewing has a <span class="samp">Next</span> pointer, that node is selected. +Otherwise, if this node has a menu, the first menu item is selected. If +there is no <span class="samp">Next</span> and no menu, the same process is tried with the +<span class="samp">Up</span> node of this node. + + <br><dt><[> (<code>global-prev-node</code>)<dd><a name="index-_005b-153"></a><a name="index-global_002dprev_002dnode-154"></a>Move backward or up through node structure. If the node that you are +currently viewing has a <span class="samp">Prev</span> pointer, that node is selected. +Otherwise, if the node has an <span class="samp">Up</span> pointer, that node is selected, +and if it has a menu, the last item in the menu is selected. +</dl> + + <p>You can get the same behavior as <code>global-next-node</code> and +<code>global-prev-node</code> while simply scrolling through the file with +<SPC> and <DEL>; See <a href="#Variables"><code>scroll-behavior</code></a>, for +more information. + + <dl> +<a name="goto_002dnode"></a> +<dt><g> (<code>goto-node</code>)<dt><kbd>C-x <g></kbd>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-g-155"></a><a name="index-C_002dx-g_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-156"></a><a name="index-goto_002dnode-157"></a>Read the name of a node and select it. While reading the node name, +completion (see <a href="#The-Echo-Area">completion</a>) is only done for the +nodes which reside in one of the Info files that were loaded in the +current Info session; if the desired node resides in some other file, +you must type the node exactly as it appears in that Info file, and you +must include the Info file of the other file. For example, + + <pre class="example"> <code>g(emacs)Buffers</code> + </pre> + <p>finds the node <span class="samp">Buffers</span> in the Info file <span class="file">emacs</span>. + + <p><a name="goto_002dinvocation"></a> +<br><dt><O> (<code>goto-invocation</code><dt><I><dd><a name="index-O-158"></a><a name="index-I-159"></a><a name="index-goto_002dinvocation-160"></a><a name="index-finding-the-Invocation-node-161"></a>Read the name of a program and look for a node in the current Info file +which describes the invocation and the command-line options for that +program. The default program name is derived from the name of the +current Info file. This command does the same as the +<span class="samp">--show-options</span> command-line option (see <a href="#_002d_002dshow_002doptions">–show-options</a>), but +it also allows to specify the program name; this is important for those +manuals which describe several programs. + + <p>If you need to find the Invocation node of a program that is documented +in another Info file, you need to visit that file before invoking +<span class="samp">I</span>. For example, if you are reading the Emacs manual and want to +see the command-line options of the <code>makeinfo</code> program, type <kbd>g +(texinfo) <RET></kbd> and then <kbd>I makeinfo <RET></kbd>. If you don't +know what Info file documents the command, or if invoking <span class="samp">I</span> +doesn't display the right node, go to the <span class="samp">(dir)</span> node (using the +<span class="samp">d</span> command) and invoke <span class="samp">I</span> from there. + + <br><dt><G> (<code>menu-sequence</code>)<dd><a name="index-G-162"></a><a name="index-menu_002dsequence-163"></a><a name="index-menu_002c-following_002c-from-inside-Info-164"></a>Read a sequence of menu entries and follow it. Info prompts for a +sequence of menu items separated by commas. (Since commas are not +allowed in a node name, they are a natural choice for a delimiter in a +list of menu items.) Info then looks up the first item in the menu of +the node <span class="samp">(dir)</span> (if the <span class="samp">(dir)</span> node cannot be found, Info +uses <span class="samp">Top</span>). If such an entry is found, Info goes to the node it +points to and looks up the second item in the menu of that node, etc. +In other words, you can specify a complete path which descends through +the menu hierarchy of a particular Info file starting at the +<span class="samp">(dir)</span> node. This has the same effect as if you typed the menu +item sequence on Info's command line, see <a href="#command_002dline-menu-items">Info command-line arguments processing</a>. For example, + + <pre class="example"> <kbd>G Texinfo,Overview,Reporting Bugs <RET></kbd> + </pre> + <p class="noindent">displays the node <span class="samp">Reporting Bugs</span> in the Texinfo manual. (You +don't actually need to type the menu items in their full length, or in +their exact letter-case. However, if you do type the menu items +exactly, Info will find it faster.) + + <p>If any of the menu items you type are not found, Info stops at the last +entry it did find and reports an error. + + <br><dt><kbd>C-x <k></kbd> (<code>kill-node</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dx-k-165"></a><a name="index-kill_002dnode-166"></a>Kill a node. The node name is prompted for in the echo area, with a +default of the current node. <dfn>Killing</dfn> a node means that Info tries +hard to forget about it, removing it from the list of history nodes kept +for the window where that node is found. Another node is selected in +the window which contained the killed node. + + <br><dt><kbd>C-x C-f</kbd> (<code>view-file</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dx-C_002df-167"></a><a name="index-view_002dfile-168"></a>Read the name of a file and selects the entire file. The command + <pre class="example"> <code>C-x C-f </code><var>filename</var> + </pre> + <p>is equivalent to typing + <pre class="example"> <code>g(</code><var>filename</var><code>)*</code> + </pre> + <br><dt><kbd>C-x C-b</kbd> (<code>list-visited-nodes</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dx-C_002db-169"></a><a name="index-list_002dvisited_002dnodes-170"></a>Make a window containing a menu of all of the currently visited nodes. +This window becomes the selected window, and you may use the standard +Info commands within it. + + <br><dt><kbd>C-x <b></kbd> (<code>select-visited-node</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dx-b-171"></a><a name="index-select_002dvisited_002dnode-172"></a>Select a node which has been previously visited in a visible window. +This is similar to <span class="samp">C-x C-b</span> followed by <span class="samp">m</span>, but no window is +created. +</dl> + +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="Searching-Commands"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Xref-Commands">Xref Commands</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> +<br> +</div> + +<h2 class="chapter">6 Searching an Info File</h2> + +<p><a name="index-searching-173"></a> +GNU Info allows you to search for a sequence of characters throughout an +entire Info file, search through the indices of an Info file, or find +areas within an Info file which discuss a particular topic. + + <dl> +<dt><s> (<code>search</code>)<dt></><dd><a name="index-s-174"></a><a name="index-_002f-175"></a><a name="index-search-176"></a>Read a string in the echo area and search for it. If the string +includes upper-case characters, the Info file is searched +case-sensitively; otherwise Info ignores the letter case. With a +numeric argument of <var>N</var>, search for <var>N</var>th occurrence of the +string. Negative arguments search backwards. + + <br><dt><?> (<code>search-backward</code>, vi-like operation)<dd><a name="index-_003f_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-177"></a><a name="index-search_002dbackward-178"></a>Read a string in the echo area and search backward through the Info file +for that string. If the string includes upper-case characters, the Info +file is searched case-sensitively; otherwise Info ignores the letter +case. With a numeric argument of <var>N</var>, search for <var>N</var>th +occurrence of the string. Negative arguments search forward. + + <br><dt><S> (<code>search-case-sensitively</code><dd><a name="index-S-179"></a><a name="index-search_002dcase_002dsensitively-180"></a><a name="index-search_002c-case_002dsensitive-181"></a><a name="index-case_002dsensitive-search-182"></a>Read a string in the echo area and search for it case-sensitively, even +if the string includes only lower-case letters. With a numeric argument +of <var>N</var>, search for <var>N</var>th occurrence of the string. Negative +arguments search backwards. + + <br><dt><kbd>C-x <n></kbd> (<code>search-next</code>)<dt><n>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-C_002dx-n-183"></a><a name="index-n_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-184"></a><a name="index-search_002dnext-185"></a><a name="index-repeated-search-186"></a>Search for the same string used in the last search command, in the same +direction, and with the same case-sensitivity option. With a numeric +argument of <var>N</var>, search for <var>N</var>th next occurrence. + + <br><dt><kbd>C-x <N></kbd> (<code>search-previous</code>)<dt><N>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-C_002dx-N-187"></a><a name="index-n_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-188"></a><a name="index-search_002dprevious-189"></a>Search for the same string used in the last search command, and with the +same case-sensitivity option, but in the reverse direction. With a +numeric argument of <var>N</var>, search for <var>N</var>th previous occurrence. + + <br><dt><C-s> (<code>isearch-forward</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002ds-190"></a><a name="index-isearch_002dforward-191"></a><a name="index-incremental-search-192"></a>Interactively search forward through the Info file for a string as you +type it. If the string includes upper-case characters, the search is +case-sensitive; otherwise Info ignores the letter case. + + <br><dt><C-r> (<code>isearch-backward</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dr-193"></a><a name="index-isearch_002dbackward-194"></a>Interactively search backward through the Info file for a string as +you type it. If the string includes upper-case characters, the search +is case-sensitive; otherwise Info ignores the letter case. + + <br><dt><i> (<code>index-search</code>)<dd><a name="index-i-195"></a><a name="index-index_002dsearch-196"></a><a name="index-index_002c-searching-197"></a><a name="index-searching_002c-in-the-indices-198"></a>Look up a string in the indices for this Info file, and select a node +to which the found index entry points. + + <br><dt><,> (<code>next-index-match</code>)<dd><a name="index-_002c-199"></a><a name="index-next_002dindex_002dmatch-200"></a>Move to the node containing the next matching index item from the last +<span class="samp">i</span> command. + + <br><dt><kbd>M-x index-apropos</kbd><dd><a name="index-index_002dapropos-201"></a>Grovel the indices of all the known Info files on your system for a +string, and build a menu of the possible matches. +</dl> + + <p>The most basic searching command is <span class="samp">s</span> or <span class="samp">/</span> +(<code>search</code>). The <span class="samp">s</span> command prompts you for a string in the +echo area, and then searches the remainder of the Info file for an +occurrence of that string. If the string is found, the node containing +it is selected, and the cursor is left positioned at the start of the +found string. Subsequent <span class="samp">s</span> commands show you the default search +string within <span class="samp">[</span> and <span class="samp">]</span>; pressing <RET> instead of +typing a new string will use the default search string. Under +<span class="samp">--vi-keys</span> (see <a href="#_002d_002dvi_002dkeys">–vi-keys</a>), using the <span class="samp">n</span> or <span class="samp">N</span> +commands is a faster way of searching for the same string. + + <p><dfn>Incremental searching</dfn> is similar to basic searching, but the +string is looked up while you are typing it, instead of waiting until +the entire search string has been specified. + + <p><a name="index-search_002c-and-case_002dsensitivity-202"></a><a name="index-case_002dsensitivity_002c-and-search-203"></a>Both incremental and non-incremental search by default ignore the case +of letters when comparing the Info file text with the search string. +However, an uppercase letter in the search string makes the search +case-sensitive. You can force a case-sensitive non-incremental search, +even for a string that includes only lower-case letters, by using the +<span class="samp">S</span> command (<code>search-case-sensitively</code>). The <span class="samp">n</span> and +<span class="samp">N</span> commands operate case-sensitively if the last search command +was <span class="samp">S</span>. + + <p>The most efficient means of finding something quickly in a manual is +the <span class="samp">i</span> command (<code>index-search</code>). This command prompts for +a string, and then looks for that string in all the indices of the +current Info manual. If it finds a matching index entry, it displays +the node to which that entry refers and prints the full text of the +entry in the echo area. You can press <span class="samp">,</span> +(<code>next-index-match</code>) to find more matches. A good Info manual +has all of its important concepts indexed, so the <span class="samp">i</span> command +lets you use a manual as a reference. + + <p>If you don't know what manual documents something, try the <kbd>M-x +index-apropos</kbd> command. It prompts for a string and then looks up +that string in all the indices of all the Info documents installed on +your system. It can also be invoked from the command line; see +<a href="#_002d_002dapropos">–apropos</a>. + +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="Xref-Commands"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Window-Commands">Window Commands</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> +<br> +</div> + +<h2 class="chapter">7 Selecting Cross References</h2> + +<p>We have already discussed the <span class="samp">Next</span>, <span class="samp">Prev</span>, and <span class="samp">Up</span> +pointers which appear at the top of a node. In addition to these +pointers, a node may contain other pointers which refer you to a +different node, perhaps in another Info file. Such pointers are called +<dfn>cross references</dfn>, or <dfn>xrefs</dfn> for short. + +<ul class="menu"> +<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Parts-of-an-Xref">Parts of an Xref</a>: What a cross reference is made of. +<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a>: Commands for selecting menu or note items. +</ul> + +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="Parts-of-an-Xref"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Xref-Commands">Xref Commands</a> +<br> +</div> + +<h3 class="section">7.1 Parts of an Xref</h3> + +<p>Cross references have two major parts: the first part is called the +<dfn>label</dfn>; it is the name that you can use to refer to the cross +reference, and the second is the <dfn>target</dfn>; it is the full name of +the node that the cross reference points to. + + <p>The target is separated from the label by a colon <span class="samp">:</span>; first the +label appears, and then the target. For example, in the sample menu +cross reference below, the single colon separates the label from the +target. + +<pre class="example"> * Foo Label: Foo Target. More information about Foo. +</pre> + <p>Note the <span class="samp">.</span> which ends the name of the target. The <span class="samp">.</span> is +not part of the target; it serves only to let Info know where the target +name ends. + + <p>A shorthand way of specifying references allows two adjacent colons to +stand for a target name which is the same as the label name: + +<pre class="example"> * Foo Commands:: Commands pertaining to Foo. +</pre> + <p>In the above example, the name of the target is the same as the name of +the label, in this case <code>Foo Commands</code>. + + <p>You will normally see two types of cross reference while viewing nodes: +<dfn>menu</dfn> references, and <dfn>note</dfn> references. Menu references +appear within a node's menu; they begin with a <span class="samp">*</span> at the beginning +of a line, and continue with a label, a target, and a comment which +describes what the contents of the node pointed to contains. + + <p>Note references appear within the body of the node text; they begin with +<code>*Note</code>, and continue with a label and a target. + + <p>Like <span class="samp">Next</span>, <span class="samp">Prev</span>, and <span class="samp">Up</span> pointers, cross references +can point to any valid node. They are used to refer you to a place +where more detailed information can be found on a particular subject. +Here is a cross reference which points to a node within the Texinfo +documentation: See <a href="texinfo.html#xref">Writing an Xref (the Texinfo Manual)</a>, for more information on creating your own texinfo cross +references. + +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="Selecting-Xrefs"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Parts-of-an-Xref">Parts of an Xref</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Xref-Commands">Xref Commands</a> +<br> +</div> + +<h3 class="section">7.2 Selecting Xrefs</h3> + +<p>The following table lists the Info commands which operate on menu items. + + <dl> +<dt><1> (<code>menu-digit</code>)<dt><2> <small class="dots">...</small> <9><dt><M-1>, vi-like operation<dt><M-2> <small class="dots">...</small> <M-9>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-1-_0040dots_007b_007d-9_002c-in-Info-windows-204"></a><a name="index-M_002d1-_0040dots_007b_007d-M_002d9_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-205"></a><a name="index-1-_0040dots_007b_007d-9_002c-in-Info-windows-206"></a><a name="index-M_002d1-_0040dots_007b_007d-M_002d9_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-207"></a><a name="index-menu_002ddigit-208"></a>Within an Info window, pressing a single digit, (such as <span class="samp">1</span>), +selects that menu item, and places its node in the current window. +For convenience, there is one exception; pressing <span class="samp">0</span> selects the +<em>last</em> item in the node's menu. When <span class="samp">--vi-keys</span> is in +effect, digits set the numeric argument, so these commands are remapped +to their <span class="samp">M-</span> varieties. For example, to select the last menu +item, press <M-0>. + + <br><dt><0> (<code>last-menu-item</code>)<dt><M-0>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-0_002c-in-Info-windows-209"></a><a name="index-M_002d0_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-210"></a><a name="index-last_002dmenu_002ditem-211"></a>Select the last item in the current node's menu. + + <br><dt><m> (<code>menu-item</code>)<dd><a name="index-m-212"></a><a name="index-menu_002ditem-213"></a>Reads the name of a menu item in the echo area and selects its node. +Completion is available while reading the menu label. See <a href="#The-Echo-Area">completion</a>. + + <br><dt><kbd>M-x find-menu</kbd><dd><a name="index-find_002dmenu-214"></a>Move the cursor to the start of this node's menu. +</dl> + + <p>This table lists the Info commands which operate on cross references. + + <dl> +<dt><f> (<code>xref-item</code>)<dt><r><br><dt><M-f>, vi-like operation<dt><kbd>C-x <r></kbd>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-f-215"></a><a name="index-r-216"></a><a name="index-M_002df_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-217"></a><a name="index-C_002dx-r_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-218"></a><a name="index-xref_002ditem-219"></a>Reads the name of a note cross reference in the echo area and selects +its node. Completion is available while reading the cross reference +label. See <a href="#The-Echo-Area">completion</a>. +</dl> + + <p>Finally, the next few commands operate on menu or note references alike: + + <dl> +<dt><TAB> (<code>move-to-next-xref</code>)<dd><a name="index-TAB_002c-in-Info-windows-220"></a><a name="index-move_002dto_002dnext_002dxref-221"></a>Move the cursor to the start of the next nearest menu item or note +reference in this node. You can then use <RET> +(<code>select-reference-this-line</code>) to select the menu or note reference. + + <br><dt><M-TAB> (<code>move-to-prev-xref</code>)<dt><Shift-<TAB>> (on DOS/Windows only)<dd><a name="index-M_002dTAB_002c-in-Info-windows-222"></a><a name="index-move_002dto_002dprev_002dxref-223"></a>Move the cursor the start of the nearest previous menu item or note +reference in this node. + + <p><a name="index-Shift_002dTAB_002c-in-Info-windows-224"></a><a name="index-BackTab_002c-in-Info-windows-225"></a>On DOS/Windows only, the <kbd>Shift-<TAB></kbd> key is an alias for +<kbd>M-<TAB></kbd>. This key is sometimes called <span class="samp">BackTab</span>. + + <br><dt><RET> (<code>select-reference-this-line</code>)<dt><M-g>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-RET_002c-in-Info-windows-226"></a><a name="index-M_002dg_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-227"></a><a name="index-select_002dreference_002dthis_002dline-228"></a>Select the menu item or note reference appearing on this line. +</dl> + +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="Window-Commands"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Printing-Nodes">Printing Nodes</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Xref-Commands">Xref Commands</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> +<br> +</div> + +<h2 class="chapter">8 Manipulating Multiple Windows</h2> + +<p><a name="index-windows_002c-manipulating-229"></a> +A <dfn>window</dfn> is a place to show the text of a node. Windows have a +view area where the text of the node is displayed, and an associated +<dfn>mode line</dfn>, which briefly describes the node being viewed. + + <p>GNU Info supports multiple windows appearing in a single screen; each +window is separated from the next by its modeline. At any time, there +is only one <dfn>active</dfn> window, that is, the window in which the cursor +appears. There are commands available for creating windows, changing +the size of windows, selecting which window is active, and for deleting +windows. + +<ul class="menu"> +<li><a accesskey="1" href="#The-Mode-Line">The Mode Line</a>: What appears in the mode line? +<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a>: Manipulating windows in Info. +<li><a accesskey="3" href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a>: Used for displaying errors and reading input. +</ul> + +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="The-Mode-Line"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Window-Commands">Window Commands</a> +<br> +</div> + +<h3 class="section">8.1 The Mode Line</h3> + +<p>A <dfn>mode line</dfn> is a line of inverse video which appears at the bottom +of an Info window. It describes the contents of the window just above +it; this information includes the name of the file and node appearing in +that window, the number of screen lines it takes to display the node, +and the percentage of text that is above the top of the window. It can +also tell you if the indirect tags table for this Info file needs to be +updated, and whether or not the Info file was compressed when stored on +disk. + + <p>Here is a sample mode line for a window containing an uncompressed file +named <span class="file">dir</span>, showing the node <span class="samp">Top</span>. + +<pre class="example"> -----Info: (dir)Top, 40 lines --Top------------------------------------- + ^^ ^ ^^^ ^^ + (file)Node #lines where +</pre> + <p>When a node comes from a file which is compressed on disk, this is +indicated in the mode line with two small <span class="samp">z</span>'s. In addition, if +the Info file containing the node has been split into subfiles, the name +of the subfile containing the node appears in the modeline as well: + +<pre class="example"> --zz-Info: (emacs)Top, 291 lines --Top-- Subfile: emacs-1.Z------------- +</pre> + <p>Truncation of long lines (as opposed to wrapping them to the next +display line, see <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">toggle-wrap</a>) is indicated by a +<span class="samp">$</span> at the left edge of the mode line: + +<pre class="example"> --$--Info: (texinfo)Top, 480 lines --Top-- Subfile: texinfo-1----------- +</pre> + <p>When Info makes a node internally, such that there is no corresponding +info file on disk, the name of the node is surrounded by asterisks +(<span class="samp">*</span>). The name itself tells you what the contents of the window +are; the sample mode line below shows an internally constructed node +showing possible completions: + +<pre class="example"> -----Info: *Completions*, 7 lines --All--------------------------------- +</pre> + <div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="Basic-Windows"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#The-Mode-Line">The Mode Line</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Window-Commands">Window Commands</a> +<br> +</div> + +<h3 class="section">8.2 Window Commands</h3> + +<p>It can be convenient to view more than one node at a time. To allow +this, Info can display more than one <dfn>window</dfn>. Each window has its +own mode line (see <a href="#The-Mode-Line">The Mode Line</a>) and history of nodes viewed in that +window (see <a href="#Node-Commands"><code>history-node</code></a>). + + <dl> +<dt><kbd>C-x <o></kbd> (<code>next-window</code>)<dd><a name="index-windows_002c-selecting-230"></a><a name="index-C_002dx-o-231"></a><a name="index-next_002dwindow-232"></a>Select the next window on the screen. Note that the echo area can only be +selected if it is already in use, and you have left it temporarily. +Normally, <span class="samp">C-x o</span> simply moves the cursor into the next window on +the screen, or if you are already within the last window, into the first +window on the screen. Given a numeric argument, <span class="samp">C-x o</span> moves over +that many windows. A negative argument causes <span class="samp">C-x o</span> to select +the previous window on the screen. + + <br><dt><kbd>M-x prev-window</kbd><dd><a name="index-prev_002dwindow-233"></a>Select the previous window on the screen. This is identical to +<span class="samp">C-x o</span> with a negative argument. + + <br><dt><kbd>C-x <2></kbd> (<code>split-window</code>)<dd><a name="index-windows_002c-creating-234"></a><a name="index-C_002dx-2-235"></a><a name="index-split_002dwindow-236"></a>Split the current window into two windows, both showing the same node. +Each window is one half the size of the original window, and the cursor +remains in the original window. The variable <code>automatic-tiling</code> +can cause all of the windows on the screen to be resized for you +automatically, please see <a href="#Variables">automatic-tiling</a> for more +information. + + <br><dt><kbd>C-x <0></kbd> (<code>delete-window</code>)<dd><a name="index-windows_002c-deleting-237"></a><a name="index-C_002dx-0-238"></a><a name="index-delete_002dwindow-239"></a>Delete the current window from the screen. If you have made too many +windows and your screen appears cluttered, this is the way to get rid of +some of them. + + <br><dt><kbd>C-x <1></kbd> (<code>keep-one-window</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dx-1-240"></a><a name="index-keep_002done_002dwindow-241"></a>Delete all of the windows excepting the current one. + + <br><dt><kbd>ESC <C-v></kbd> (<code>scroll-other-window</code>)<dd><a name="index-ESC-C_002dv_002c-in-Info-windows-242"></a><a name="index-scroll_002dother_002dwindow-243"></a>Scroll the other window, in the same fashion that <span class="samp">C-v</span> might +scroll the current window. Given a negative argument, scroll the +"other" window backward. + + <br><dt><kbd>C-x <^></kbd> (<code>grow-window</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dx-_005e-244"></a><a name="index-grow_002dwindow-245"></a>Grow (or shrink) the current window. Given a numeric argument, grow +the current window that many lines; with a negative numeric argument, +shrink the window instead. + + <br><dt><kbd>C-x <t></kbd> (<code>tile-windows</code>)<dd><a name="index-tiling-246"></a><a name="index-C_002dx-t-247"></a><a name="index-tile_002dwindows-248"></a>Divide the available screen space among all of the visible windows. +Each window is given an equal portion of the screen in which to display +its contents. The variable <code>automatic-tiling</code> can cause +<code>tile-windows</code> to be called when a window is created or deleted. +See <a href="#Variables"><code>automatic-tiling</code></a>. +</dl> + +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="The-Echo-Area"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Window-Commands">Window Commands</a> +<br> +</div> + +<h3 class="section">8.3 The Echo Area</h3> + +<p><a name="index-echo-area-249"></a> +The <dfn>echo area</dfn> is a one line window which appears at the bottom of +the screen. It is used to display informative or error messages, and to +read lines of input from you when that is necessary. Almost all of the +commands available in the echo area are identical to their Emacs +counterparts, so please refer to that documentation for greater depth of +discussion on the concepts of editing a line of text. The following +table briefly lists the commands that are available while input is being +read in the echo area: + + <dl> +<dt><C-f> (<code>echo-area-forward</code>)<dt><RIGHT> (an arrow key)<dt><M-h>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-C_002df_002c-in-the-echo-area-250"></a><a name="index-RIGHT_002c-in-the-echo-area-251"></a><a name="index-M_002dh_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-252"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dforward-253"></a>Move forward a character. + + <br><dt><C-b> (<code>echo-area-backward</code>)<dt><LEFT> (an arrow key)<dt><M-l>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-LEFT_002c-in-the-echo-area-254"></a><a name="index-C_002db_002c-in-the-echo-area-255"></a><a name="index-M_002dl_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-256"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dbackward-257"></a>Move backward a character. + + <br><dt><C-a> (<code>echo-area-beg-of-line</code>)<dt><M-0>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-C_002da_002c-in-the-echo-area-258"></a><a name="index-M_002d0_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-259"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dbeg_002dof_002dline-260"></a>Move to the start of the input line. + + <br><dt><C-e> (<code>echo-area-end-of-line</code>)<dt><M-$>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-C_002de_002c-in-the-echo-area-261"></a><a name="index-M_002d_0024_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-262"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dend_002dof_002dline-263"></a>Move to the end of the input line. + + <br><dt><M-f> (<code>echo-area-forward-word</code>)<dt><C-<RIGHT>> (DOS/Windows only)<dt><M-w>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-M_002df_002c-in-the-echo-area-264"></a><a name="index-M_002dw_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-265"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dforward_002dword-266"></a>Move forward a word. + + <p><a name="index-C_002dRIGHT_002c-in-the-echo-area-267"></a>On DOS/Windows, <kbd>C-<RIGHT></kbd> moves forward by words. + + <br><dt><M-b> (<code>echo-area-backward-word</code>)<dt><C-<LEFT>> (DOS/Windows only)<dd><a name="index-M_002db_002c-in-the-echo-area-268"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dbackward_002dword-269"></a>Move backward a word. + + <p><a name="index-C_002dLEFT_002c-in-the-echo-area-270"></a>On DOS/Windows, <kbd>C-<LEFT></kbd> moves backward by words. + + <br><dt><C-d> (<code>echo-area-delete</code>)<dt><M-x>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-C_002dd_002c-in-the-echo-area-271"></a><a name="index-M_002dx_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-272"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002ddelete-273"></a>Delete the character under the cursor. + + <br><dt><DEL> (<code>echo-area-rubout</code>)<dd><a name="index-DEL_002c-in-the-echo-area-274"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002drubout-275"></a>Delete the character behind the cursor. + + <p>On some keyboards, this key is designated <BS>, for +<span class="samp">BackSpace</span>. Those keyboards will usually bind <DEL> in the +echo area to <code>echo-area-delete</code>. + + <br><dt><C-g> (<code>echo-area-abort</code>)<dt><C-u>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-C_002dg_002c-in-the-echo-area-276"></a><a name="index-C_002du_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-277"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dabort-278"></a>Cancel or quit the current operation. If completion is being read, this +command discards the text of the input line which does not match any +completion. If the input line is empty, it aborts the calling function. + + <br><dt><RET> (<code>echo-area-newline</code>)<dd><a name="index-RET_002c-in-the-echo-area-279"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dnewline-280"></a>Accept (or forces completion of) the current input line. + + <br><dt><C-q> (<code>echo-area-quoted-insert</code>)<dt><C-v>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-C_002dq_002c-in-the-echo-area-281"></a><a name="index-C_002dv_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-282"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dquoted_002dinsert-283"></a>Insert the next character verbatim. This is how you can insert control +characters into a search string, for example, or the <span class="samp">?</span> character +when Info prompts with completion. + + <br><dt><var>printing character</var> (<code>echo-area-insert</code>)<dd><a name="index-printing-characters_002c-in-the-echo-area-284"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dinsert-285"></a>Insert the character. Characters that have their 8th bit set, and not +bound to <span class="samp">M-</span> commands, are also inserted verbatim; this is useful +for terminals which support Latin scripts. + + <br><dt><M-TAB> (<code>echo-area-tab-insert</code>)<dt><Shift-<TAB>> (on DOS/Windows only)<dd><a name="index-M_002dTAB_002c-in-the-echo-area-286"></a><a name="index-Shift_002dTAB_002c-in-the-echo-area-287"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dtab_002dinsert-288"></a>Insert a TAB character. + + <p><a name="index-Shift_002dTAB_002c-in-the-echo-area-289"></a><a name="index-BackTab_002c-in-the-echo-area-290"></a>On DOS/Windows only, the <kbd>Shift-<TAB></kbd> key is an alias for +<kbd>M-<TAB></kbd>. This key is sometimes called <span class="samp">BackTab</span>. + + <br><dt><C-t> (<code>echo-area-transpose-chars</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dt_002c-in-the-echo-area-291"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dtranspose_002dchars-292"></a>Transpose the characters at the cursor. +</dl> + + <p>The next group of commands deal with <dfn>killing</dfn>, and <dfn>yanking</dfn> +text<a rel="footnote" href="#fn-6" name="fnd-6"><sup>6</sup></a>. For an in-depth discussion of killing and +yanking, see <a href="emacs.html#Killing">Killing and Deleting (the GNU Emacs Manual)</a>. + + <dl> +<dt><M-d> (<code>echo-area-kill-word</code>)<dt><M-X>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-M_002dd_002c-in-the-echo-area-293"></a><a name="index-M_002dX_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-294"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dkill_002dword-295"></a>Kill the word following the cursor. + + <br><dt><M-DEL> (<code>echo-area-backward-kill-word</code>)<dt><M-<BS>><dd><a name="index-M_002dDEL_002c-in-the-echo-area-296"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dbackward_002dkill_002dword-297"></a>Kill the word preceding the cursor. + + <p><a name="index-M_002dBS_002c-in-the-echo-area-298"></a>On some keyboards, the <code>Backspace</code> key is used instead of +<code>DEL</code>, so <code>M-<Backspace></code> has the same effect as +<code>M-<DEL></code>. + + <br><dt><C-k> (<code>echo-area-kill-line</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dk_002c-in-the-echo-area-299"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dkill_002dline-300"></a>Kill the text from the cursor to the end of the line. + + <br><dt><kbd>C-x <DEL></kbd> (<code>echo-area-backward-kill-line</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dx-DEL_002c-in-the-echo-area-301"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dbackward_002dkill_002dline-302"></a>Kill the text from the cursor to the beginning of the line. + + <br><dt><C-y> (<code>echo-area-yank</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dy_002c-in-the-echo-area-303"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dyank-304"></a>Yank back the contents of the last kill. + + <br><dt><M-y> (<code>echo-area-yank-pop</code>)<dd><a name="index-M_002dy_002c-in-the-echo-area-305"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dyank_002dpop-306"></a>Yank back a previous kill, removing the last yanked text first. +</dl> + + <p><a name="index-completion-307"></a>Sometimes when reading input in the echo area, the command that needed +input will only accept one of a list of several choices. The choices +represent the <dfn>possible completions</dfn>, and you must respond with one +of them. Since there are a limited number of responses you can make, +Info allows you to abbreviate what you type, only typing as much of the +response as is necessary to uniquely identify it. In addition, you can +request Info to fill in as much of the response as is possible; this +is called <dfn>completion</dfn>. + + <p>The following commands are available when completing in the echo area: + + <dl> +<dt><TAB> (<code>echo-area-complete</code>)<dt><SPC><dd><a name="index-TAB_002c-in-the-echo-area-308"></a><a name="index-SPC_002c-in-the-echo-area-309"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dcomplete-310"></a>Insert as much of a completion as is possible. + + <br><dt><?> (<code>echo-area-possible-completions</code>)<dd><a name="index-_003f_002c-in-the-echo-area-311"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dpossible_002dcompletions-312"></a>Display a window containing a list of the possible completions of what +you have typed so far. For example, if the available choices are: + + <pre class="example"> bar + foliate + food + forget + </pre> + <p class="noindent">and you have typed an <span class="samp">f</span>, followed by <span class="samp">?</span>, Info will pop up a +window showing a node called <span class="samp">*Completions*</span> which lists the +possible completions like this: + + <pre class="example"> 3 completions: + foliate food + forget + </pre> + <p class="noindent">i.e., all of the choices which begin with <span class="samp">f</span>. Pressing <SPC> +or <TAB> would result in <span class="samp">fo</span> appearing in the echo area, since +all of the choices which begin with <span class="samp">f</span> continue with <span class="samp">o</span>. +Now, typing <span class="samp">l</span> followed by <span class="samp">TAB</span> results in <span class="samp">foliate</span> +appearing in the echo area, since that is the only choice which begins +with <span class="samp">fol</span>. + + <br><dt><ESC C-v> (<code>echo-area-scroll-completions-window</code>)<dd><a name="index-ESC-C_002dv_002c-in-the-echo-area-313"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dscroll_002dcompletions_002dwindow-314"></a>Scroll the completions window, if that is visible, or the "other" +window if not. +</dl> + +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="Printing-Nodes"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Window-Commands">Window Commands</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> +<br> +</div> + +<h2 class="chapter">9 Printing Nodes</h2> + +<p><a name="index-printing-315"></a> +In general, we recommend that you use TeX to format the document and +print sections of it, by running <code>tex</code> on the Texinfo source file. +However, you may wish to print out the contents of a node as a quick +reference document for later use, or if you don't have TeX installed. +Info provides you with a command for doing this. + + <dl> +<dt><kbd>M-x print-node</kbd><dd><a name="index-print_002dnode-316"></a><a name="index-INFO_005fPRINT_005fCOMMAND_002c-environment-variable-317"></a>Pipe the contents of the current node through the command in the +environment variable <code>INFO_PRINT_COMMAND</code>. If the variable does not +exist, the node is simply piped to <code>lpr</code> (on DOS/Windows, the +default is to print the node to the local printer device, <span class="file">PRN</span>). + + <p><a name="index-printing-nodes-to-the-local-printer-318"></a><a name="index-local-printer-device-319"></a>The value of <code>INFO_PRINT_COMMAND</code> may begin with the <span class="samp">></span> +character, as in <span class="samp">>/dev/printer</span>, in which case Info treats the +rest as the name of a file or a device. Instead of piping to a command, +Info opens the file, writes the node contents, and closes the file, +under the assumption that text written to that file will be printed by +the underlying OS. +</dl> + +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="Miscellaneous-Commands"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Variables">Variables</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Printing-Nodes">Printing Nodes</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> +<br> +</div> + +<h2 class="chapter">10 Miscellaneous Commands</h2> + +<p>GNU Info contains several commands which self-document GNU Info: + + <dl> +<dt><kbd>M-x describe-command</kbd><dd><a name="index-functions_002c-describing-320"></a><a name="index-commands_002c-describing-321"></a><a name="index-describe_002dcommand-322"></a>Read the name of an Info command in the echo area and then display a +brief description of what that command does. + + <br><dt><kbd>M-x describe-key</kbd><dd><a name="index-keys_002c-describing-323"></a><a name="index-describe_002dkey-324"></a>Read a key sequence in the echo area, and then display the name and +documentation of the Info command that the key sequence invokes. + + <br><dt><kbd>M-x describe-variable</kbd><dd>Read the name of a variable in the echo area and then display a brief +description of what the variable affects. + + <br><dt><kbd>M-x where-is</kbd><dd><a name="index-where_002dis-325"></a>Read the name of an Info command in the echo area, and then display +a key sequence which can be typed in order to invoke that command. + + <br><dt><C-h> (<code>get-help-window</code>)<dt><?><dt><F1> (on DOS/Windows only)<dt>h, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-C_002dh-326"></a><a name="index-_003f_002c-in-Info-windows-327"></a><a name="index-F1-328"></a><a name="index-h_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-329"></a><a name="index-get_002dhelp_002dwindow-330"></a>Create (or Move into) the window displaying <code>*Help*</code>, and place +a node containing a quick reference card into it. This window displays +the most concise information about GNU Info available. + + <br><dt><h> (<code>get-info-help-node</code>)<dt><M-h>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-h-331"></a><a name="index-M_002dh_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-332"></a><a name="index-get_002dinfo_002dhelp_002dnode-333"></a>Try hard to visit the node <code>(info)Help</code>. The Info file +<span class="file">info.texi</span> distributed with GNU Info contains this node. Of +course, the file must first be processed with <code>makeinfo</code>, and then +placed into the location of your Info directory. +</dl> + + <p>Here are the commands for creating a numeric argument: + + <dl> +<dt><C-u> (<code>universal-argument</code>)<dd><a name="index-numeric-arguments-334"></a><a name="index-C_002du-335"></a><a name="index-universal_002dargument-336"></a>Start (or multiply by 4) the current numeric argument. <span class="samp">C-u</span> is +a good way to give a small numeric argument to cursor movement or +scrolling commands; <span class="samp">C-u C-v</span> scrolls the screen 4 lines, while +<span class="samp">C-u C-u C-n</span> moves the cursor down 16 lines. <span class="samp">C-u</span> followed +by digit keys sets the numeric argument to the number thus typed: +<kbd>C-u 1 2 0</kbd> sets the argument to 120. + + <br><dt><M-1> (<code>add-digit-to-numeric-arg</code>)<dt><1>, vi-like operation<dt><M-2> <small class="dots">...</small> <M-9><dt><2> <small class="dots">...</small> <9>, vi-like operation<dt><M-0><dt><0>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-M_002d0-_0040dots_007b_007d-M_002d9-337"></a><a name="index-0-_0040dots_007b_007d-9_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-338"></a><a name="index-add_002ddigit_002dto_002dnumeric_002darg-339"></a>Add the digit value of the invoking key to the current numeric +argument. Once Info is reading a numeric argument, you may just type +the digits of the argument, without the Meta prefix. For example, you +might give <span class="samp">C-l</span> a numeric argument of 32 by typing: + + <pre class="example"> <kbd>C-u 3 2 C-l</kbd> + </pre> + <p class="noindent">or + + <pre class="example"> <kbd>M-3 2 C-l</kbd> + </pre> + <br><dt><M–> (<code>add-digit-to-numeric-arg</code><dt><-><dd><a name="index-M_002d_002d-340"></a><a name="index-_002d-341"></a><a name="index-negative-arguments-342"></a><a name="index-arguments_002c-negative-343"></a><a name="index-numeric-arguments_002c-negative-344"></a>To make a negative argument, type <kbd>-</kbd>. Typing <kbd>-</kbd> alone makes a +negative argument with a value of -1. If you continue to type digit or +Meta-digit keys after <kbd>-</kbd>, the result is a negative number produced +by those digits. + + <p><kbd>-</kbd> doesn't work when you type in the echo area, because you need to +be able to insert the <span class="samp">-</span> character itself; use <kbd>M--</kbd> instead, +if you need to specify negative arguments in the echo area. +</dl> + + <p><span class="samp">C-g</span> is used to abort the reading of a multi-character key +sequence, to cancel lengthy operations (such as multi-file searches) and +to cancel reading input in the echo area. + + <dl> +<dt><C-g> (<code>abort-key</code>)<dt><C-u>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-cancelling-typeahead-345"></a><a name="index-cancelling-the-current-operation-346"></a><a name="index-C_002dg_002c-in-Info-windows-347"></a><a name="index-C_002du-cancels-typeahead_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-348"></a><a name="index-abort_002dkey-349"></a>Cancel current operation. +</dl> + + <p>The <span class="samp">q</span> command of Info simply quits running Info. Under +<span class="samp">--vi-keys</span> (see <a href="#_002d_002dvi_002dkeys">–vi-keys</a>), you can also exit with <span class="samp">:q</span> +or <span class="samp">ZZ</span>. + + <dl> +<dt><q> (<code>quit</code>)<dt><kbd>C-x C-c</kbd><dt><kbd>:q</kbd>, vi-like operation<dt><kbd>ZZ</kbd>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-quitting-350"></a><a name="index-q-351"></a><a name="index-C_002dx-C_002dc-352"></a><a name="index-ZZ_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-353"></a><a name="index-quit-354"></a>Exit GNU Info. +</dl> + + <p>If the operating system tells GNU Info that the screen is 60 lines tall, +and it is actually only 40 lines tall, here is a way to tell Info that +the operating system is correct. + + <dl> +<dt><kbd>M-x set-screen-height</kbd><dd><a name="index-set_002dscreen_002dheight-355"></a><a name="index-screen_002c-changing-the-height-of-356"></a>Read a height value in the echo area and set the height of the +displayed screen to that value. +</dl> + + <p>On MS-DOS/MS-Windows, this command actually tries to change the +dimensions of the visible screen to the value you type in the echo +area. + + <p>Finally, Info provides a convenient way to display footnotes which might +be associated with the current node that you are viewing: + + <dl> +<dt><ESC C-f> (<code>show-footnotes</code>)<dd><a name="index-ESC-C_002df-357"></a><a name="index-show_002dfootnotes-358"></a><a name="index-footnotes_002c-displaying-359"></a>Show the footnotes (if any) associated with the current node in another +window. You can have Info automatically display the footnotes +associated with a node when the node is selected by setting the variable +<code>automatic-footnotes</code>. See <a href="#Variables"><code>automatic-footnotes</code></a>. +</dl> + +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="Variables"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> +<br> +</div> + +<h2 class="chapter">11 Manipulating Variables</h2> + +<p>GNU Info contains several <dfn>variables</dfn> whose values are looked at by +various Info commands. You can change the values of these variables, +and thus change the behavior of Info to more closely match your +environment and Info file reading manner. + + <p>There are two ways to set the value of a variable: interactively, using +the <code>set-variable</code> command described below, or in the <code>#var</code> +section of the <code>.infokey</code> file. See <a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a>. + + <dl> +<dt><kbd>M-x set-variable</kbd><dd><a name="index-variables_002c-setting-360"></a><a name="index-set_002dvariable-361"></a>Read the name of a variable, and the value for it, in the echo area and +then set the variable to that value. Completion is available when +reading the variable name (see <a href="#The-Echo-Area">completion</a>); often, +completion is available when reading the value to give to the variable, +but that depends on the variable itself. If a variable does <em>not</em> +supply multiple choices to complete over, it expects a numeric value. + + <br><dt><kbd>M-x describe-variable</kbd><dd><a name="index-variables_002c-describing-362"></a><a name="index-describe_002dvariable-363"></a>Read the name of a variable in the echo area and then display a brief +description of what the variable affects. +</dl> + + <p>Here is a list of the variables that you can set in Info. + + <dl> +<dt><code>automatic-footnotes</code><dd><a name="index-automatic_002dfootnotes-364"></a>When set to <code>On</code>, footnotes appear and disappear automatically; +else, they appear at the bottom of the node text. This variable is +<code>Off</code> by default. When a node is selected, a window containing +the footnotes which appear in that node is created, and the footnotes +are displayed within the new window. The window that Info creates to +contain the footnotes is called <span class="samp">*Footnotes*</span>. If a node is +selected which contains no footnotes, and a <span class="samp">*Footnotes*</span> window +is on the screen, the <span class="samp">*Footnotes*</span> window is deleted. Footnote +windows created in this fashion are not automatically tiled so that +they can use as little of the display as is possible. + + <br><dt><code>automatic-tiling</code><dd><a name="index-automatic_002dtiling-365"></a>When set to <code>On</code>, creating or deleting a window resizes other +windows. This variable is <code>Off</code> by default. Normally, typing +<span class="samp">C-x 2</span> divides the current window into two equal parts. When +<code>automatic-tiling</code> is set to <code>On</code>, all of the windows are +resized automatically, keeping an equal number of lines visible in each +window. There are exceptions to the automatic tiling; specifically, the +windows <span class="samp">*Completions*</span> and <span class="samp">*Footnotes*</span> are <em>not</em> +resized through automatic tiling; they remain their original size. + + <br><dt><code>errors-ring-bell</code><dd><a name="index-errors_002dring_002dbell-366"></a>When set to <code>On</code>, errors cause the bell to ring. The default +setting of this variable is <code>On</code>. + + <br><dt><code>gc-compressed-files</code><dd><a name="index-gc_002dcompressed_002dfiles-367"></a>When set to <code>On</code>, Info garbage collects files which had to be +uncompressed. The default value of this variable is <code>Off</code>. +Whenever a node is visited in Info, the Info file containing that node +is read into core, and Info reads information about the tags and nodes +contained in that file. Once the tags information is read by Info, it +is never forgotten. However, the actual text of the nodes does not need +to remain in core unless a particular Info window needs it. For +non-compressed files, the text of the nodes does not remain in core when +it is no longer in use. But de-compressing a file can be a time +consuming operation, and so Info tries hard not to do it twice. +<code>gc-compressed-files</code> tells Info it is okay to garbage collect the +text of the nodes of a file which was compressed on disk. + + <br><dt><code>ISO-Latin</code><dd><a name="index-ISO-Latin-characters-368"></a><a name="index-ISO_002dLatin-369"></a>When set to <code>On</code>, Info accepts and displays ISO Latin characters. +By default, Info assumes an ASCII character set. <code>ISO-Latin</code> tells +Info that it is running in an environment where the European standard +character set is in use, and allows you to input such characters to +Info, as well as display them. + + <br><dt><code>scroll-behavior</code><dd><a name="index-scroll_002dbehavior-370"></a>Control what happens when forward scrolling is requested at the end of +a node, or when backward scrolling is requested at the beginning of a +node. The default value for this variable is <code>Continuous</code>. There +are three possible values for this variable: + + <dl> +<dt><code>Continuous</code><dd>Try to get the first item in this node's menu, or failing that, the +<span class="samp">Next</span> node, or failing that, the <span class="samp">Next</span> of the <span class="samp">Up</span>. +This behavior is identical to using the <span class="samp">]</span> +(<code>global-next-node</code>) and <span class="samp">[</span> (<code>global-prev-node</code>) +commands. + + <br><dt><code>Next Only</code><dd>Only try to get the <span class="samp">Next</span> node. + + <br><dt><code>Page Only</code><dd>Simply give up, changing nothing. If <code>scroll-behavior</code> is +<code>Page Only</code>, no scrolling command can change the node that is being +viewed. +</dl> + + <br><dt><code>scroll-step</code><dd><a name="index-scroll_002dstep-371"></a>The number of lines to scroll when the cursor moves out of the window. +Scrolling happens automatically if the cursor has moved out of the +visible portion of the node text when it is time to display. Usually +the scrolling is done so as to put the cursor on the center line of the +current window. However, if the variable <code>scroll-step</code> has a +nonzero value, Info attempts to scroll the node text by that many lines; +if that is enough to bring the cursor back into the window, that is what +is done. The default value of this variable is 0, thus placing the +cursor (and the text it is attached to) in the center of the window. +Setting this variable to 1 causes a kind of "smooth scrolling" which +some people prefer. + + <br><dt><code>show-index-match</code><dd><a name="index-show_002dindex_002dmatch-372"></a>When set to <code>On</code>, the portion of the matched search string is +highlighted in the message which explains where the matched search +string was found. The default value of this variable is <code>On</code>. +When Info displays the location where an index match was found, +(see <a href="#Searching-Commands"><code>next-index-match</code></a>), the portion of the +string that you had typed is highlighted by displaying it in the inverse +case from its surrounding characters. + + <br><dt><code>visible-bell</code><dd><a name="index-visible_002dbell-373"></a>When set to <code>On</code>, GNU Info attempts to flash the screen instead of +ringing the bell. This variable is <code>Off</code> by default. Of course, +Info can only flash the screen if the terminal allows it; in the case +that the terminal does not allow it, the setting of this variable has no +effect. However, you can make Info perform quietly by setting the +<code>errors-ring-bell</code> variable to <code>Off</code>. + + </dl> + +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="Custom-Key-Bindings"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Copying-This-Manual">Copying This Manual</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Variables">Variables</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> +<br> +</div> + +<h2 class="chapter">12 Customizing Key Bindings and Variables</h2> + +<p><a name="index-default-key-bindings_002c-overriding-374"></a><a name="index-overriding-default-key-bindings-375"></a><a name="index-customizing-key-bindings-376"></a><a name="index-key-bindings_002c-customizing-377"></a><a name="index-infokey-378"></a><a name="index-_002einfo-379"></a><a name="index-_002einfokey-380"></a><a name="index-_005finfo-file-_0028MS_002dDOS_0029-381"></a> +For those whose editor/pager of choice is not Emacs and who are not +entirely satisfied with the –vi-keys option (see <a href="#_002d_002dvi_002dkeys">–vi-keys</a>), GNU +Info provides a way to define different key-to-command bindings and +variable settings from the defaults described in this document. + + <p>On startup, GNU Info looks for a configuration file in the invoker's +HOME directory called <span class="file">.info</span><a rel="footnote" href="#fn-7" name="fnd-7"><sup>7</sup></a>. If it is present, and +appears to contain Info configuration data, and was created with the +current version of the <code>infokey</code> command, then Info adopts the +key bindings and variable settings contained therein. + + <p>The <span class="file">.info</span> file contains compact, non-textual data for reasons of +efficiency and because its design was lifted wholesale from the GNU Less +program, which also does it that way. It must be created by compiling a +textual source file using the <code>infokey</code> command. + +<ul class="menu"> +<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Invoking-infokey">Invoking infokey</a> +<li><a accesskey="2" href="#infokey-source-format">infokey source format</a> +</ul> + +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="Invoking-infokey"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#infokey-source-format">infokey source format</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a> +<br> +</div> + +<h3 class="section">12.1 Invoking <span class="command">infokey</span></h3> + +<p><a name="index-invoking-infokey-382"></a><a name="index-infokey_002c-invoking-383"></a><a name="index-_005finfokey-file-_0028MS_002dDOS_0029-384"></a> +<span class="command">infokey</span> compiles a source file +(<span class="file">$HOME/.infokey</span><a rel="footnote" href="#fn-8" name="fnd-8"><sup>8</sup></a> by default) containing Info customizations +into a binary format (<span class="file">$HOME/.info</span> by default). GNU Info reads +the binary file at startup to override the default key bindings and +variable definitions. Synopsis: + +<pre class="example"> infokey [<var>option</var>...] [<var>input-file</var>] +</pre> + <p>Besides the standard <span class="option">--help</span> and <span class="option">--version</span>, the only +option is <span class="option">--output </span><var>file</var>. This tells <span class="command">infokey</span> to +write the binary data to <var>file</var> instead of <span class="file">$HOME/.info</span>. + +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="infokey-source-format"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Invoking-infokey">Invoking infokey</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a> +<br> +</div> + +<h3 class="section">12.2 <span class="command">infokey</span> source format</h3> + +<p><a name="index-infokey-source-format-385"></a><a name="index-_002einfokey-source-format-386"></a><a name="index-format-of-_002einfokey-source-387"></a> +The format of the source file read by <span class="command">infokey</span> is most easily +illustrated by example. For instance, here is a sample <span class="file">.infokey</span> +source file suitable for aficionados of <span class="command">vi</span> or <span class="command">less</span>: + +<pre class="example"> #info + j next-line + k prev-line + l forward-char + h backward-char + \kd next-line + \ku prev-line + \kr forward-char + \kl backward-char + \ scroll-forward + \kD scroll-forward-page-only + b scroll-backward + \kU scroll-backward-page-only + g beginning-of-node + \kh beginning-of-node + G end-of-node + \ke end-of-node + \t select-reference-this-line + - history-node + n next-node + p prev-node + u up-node + t top-node + d dir-node + #var + scroll-step=1 +</pre> + <p>The source file consists of one or more <dfn>sections</dfn>. +Each section starts with a line that identifies the type of section. +Possible sections are: + + <dl> +<dt><code>#info</code><dd>Key bindings for Info windows. +The start of this section is indicated by a line containing just +<code>#info</code> by itself. If this is the first section in the source +file, the <code>#info</code> line can be omitted. The rest of this section +consists of lines of the form: + + <pre class="example"> <var>string</var> whitespace <var>action</var> [ whitespace [ # comment ] ] newline + </pre> + <p>Whitespace is any sequence of one or more spaces and/or tabs. Comment +is any sequence of any characters, excluding newline. <var>string</var> is +the key sequence which invokes the action. <var>action</var> is the name of +an Info command. The characters in <var>string</var> are interpreted +literally or prefixed by a caret (<code>^</code>) to indicate a control +character. A backslash followed by certain characters specifies input +keystrokes as follows: + + <dl> +<dt><code>\b</code><dd>Backspace +<br><dt><code>\e</code><dd>Escape (ESC) +<br><dt><code>\n</code><dd>Newline +<br><dt><code>\r</code><dd>Return +<br><dt><code>\t</code><dd>Tab +<br><dt><code>\ku</code><dd>Up arrow +<br><dt><code>\kd</code><dd>Down arrow +<br><dt><code>\kl</code><dd>Left arrow +<br><dt><code>\kr</code><dd>Right arrow +<br><dt><code>\kU</code><dd>Page Up +<br><dt><code>\kD</code><dd>Page Down +<br><dt><code>\kh</code><dd>HOME +<br><dt><code>\ke</code><dd>END +<br><dt><code>\kx</code><dd>Delete (DEL) +<br><dt><code>\m</code><var>x</var><dd>Meta-<var>x</var> where <var>x</var> is any character as described above. +</dl> + + <p>Backslash followed by any other character indicates that character is to +be taken literally. Characters which must be preceded by a backslash +include caret, space, tab, and backslash itself. + + <br><dt><code>#echo-area</code><dd>Key bindings for the echo area. +The start of this section is indicated by a line containing just +<code>#echo-area</code> by itself. The rest of this section has a syntax +identical to that for the key definitions for the Info area, described +above. + + <br><dt><code>#var</code><dd>Variable initializations. +The start of this section is indicated by a line containing just +<code>#var</code> by itself. Following this line is a list of variable +assignments, one per line. Each line consists of a variable name +(See <a href="#Variables">Variables</a>,) followed by <code>=</code> followed by a value. +There may be no white space between the variable name and the <code>=</code>, +and all characters following the <code>=</code>, including white space, +are included in the value. +</dl> + + <p>Blank lines and lines starting with <code>#</code> are ignored, except for +the special section header lines. + + <p>Key bindings defined in the <span class="file">.info</span> file take precedence over GNU +Info's default key bindings, whether or not <span class="samp">--vi-keys</span> is used. A +default key binding may be disabled by overriding it in the <span class="file">.info</span> +file with the action <code>invalid</code>. In addition, <em>all</em> default +key bindings can be disabled by adding this line <em>anywhere</em> in the +relevant section: + +<pre class="example"> #stop +</pre> + <p>This will cause GNU Info to ignore all the default key commands for that +section. + + <p>Beware: <code>#stop</code> can be dangerous. Since it disables all default +key bindings, you must supply enough new key bindings to enable all +necessary actions. Failure to bind any key to the <code>quit</code> command, +for example, can lead to frustration. + + <p>The order in which key bindings are defined in the <span class="file">.info</span> file is +not important, except that the command summary produced by the +<code>get-help-window</code> command only displays the <em>first</em> key that +is bound to each command. + +<!-- the following is incomplete --> +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="Copying-This-Manual"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Index">Index</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> +<br> +</div> + +<h2 class="appendix">Appendix A Copying This Manual</h2> + +<ul class="menu"> +<li><a accesskey="1" href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">GNU Free Documentation License</a>: License for copying this manual. +</ul> + +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="GNU-Free-Documentation-License"></a>Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Copying-This-Manual">Copying This Manual</a> +<br> +</div> + +<h3 class="appendixsec">A.1 GNU Free Documentation License</h3> + +<p><a name="index-FDL_002c-GNU-Free-Documentation-License-388"></a><div align="center">Version 1.2, November 2002</div> + +<pre class="display"> Copyright © 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA + + Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies + of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. +</pre> + <ol type=1 start=0> +<li>PREAMBLE + + <p>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other +functional and useful document <dfn>free</dfn> in the sense of freedom: to +assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, +with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. +Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way +to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible +for modifications made by others. + + <p>This License is a kind of “copyleft”, which means that derivative +works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. 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If the Document does not specify a version +number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not +as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. + </ol> + +<h4 class="appendixsubsec">A.1.1 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</h4> + +<p>To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of +the License in the document and put the following copyright and +license notices just after the title page: + +<pre class="smallexample"> Copyright (C) <var>year</var> <var>your name</var>. + Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document + under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 + or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; + with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover + Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU + Free Documentation License''. +</pre> + <p>If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, +replace the “with...Texts.” line with this: + +<pre class="smallexample"> with the Invariant Sections being <var>list their titles</var>, with + the Front-Cover Texts being <var>list</var>, and with the Back-Cover Texts + being <var>list</var>. +</pre> + <p>If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other +combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the +situation. + + <p>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we +recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of +free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, +to permit their use in free software. + +<!-- Local Variables: --> +<!-- ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict" --> +<!-- End: --> +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="Index"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Copying-This-Manual">Copying This Manual</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> +<br> +</div> + +<h2 class="appendix">Appendix B Index</h2> + +<ul class="index-cp" compact> +<li><a href="#index-_0027_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-137"><code>', vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-_002c-199"><code>,</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-_002d-341"><code>-</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-_0040code_007b_002d_002dsubnodes_007d_002c-command-line-option-30"><code>--subnodes</code>, command line option</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-_002einfo-379">.info</a>: <a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-_002einfokey-380">.infokey</a>: <a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-_002einfokey-source-format-386">.infokey source format</a>: <a href="#infokey-source-format">infokey source format</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-_002f-175"><code>/</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-0-_0040dots_007b_007d-9_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-338"><code>0 ... 9, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-0_002c-in-Info-windows-209"><code>0, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-1-_0040dots_007b_007d-9_002c-in-Info-windows-204">1 <small class="dots">...</small> 9, in Info windows</a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-_003c-145"><code><</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-_003e-148"><code>></code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-_003f_002c-in-Info-windows-327"><code>?, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-_003f_002c-in-the-echo-area-311"><code>?, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-_003f_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-177"><code>?, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-_005b-153"><code>[</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-_005d-151"><code>]</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-_005finfo-file-_0028MS_002dDOS_0029-381">_info file (MS-DOS)</a>: <a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-_005finfokey-file-_0028MS_002dDOS_0029-384">_infokey file (MS-DOS)</a>: <a href="#Invoking-infokey">Invoking infokey</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-abort_002dkey-349"><code>abort-key</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-add_002ddigit_002dto_002dnumeric_002darg-339"><code>add-digit-to-numeric-arg</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ANSI-escape-sequences-in-documents-25">ANSI escape sequences in documents</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Apropos_0040r_007b_002c-in-Info-files_007d-8">Apropos<span class="roman">, in Info files</span></a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-arguments_002c-command-line-5">arguments, command line</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-arguments_002c-negative-343">arguments, negative</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-automatic_002dfootnotes-364"><code>automatic-footnotes</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-automatic_002dtiling-365"><code>automatic-tiling</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-b_002c-in-Info-windows-63"><code>b, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-b_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-90"><code>b, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-BackTab_002c-in-Info-windows-225"><code>BackTab, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-BackTab_002c-in-the-echo-area-290"><code>BackTab, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-backward_002dchar-56"><code>backward-char</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-backward_002dword-62"><code>backward-word</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-beginning_002dof_002dline-47"><code>beginning-of-line</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-beginning_002dof_002dnode-67"><code>beginning-of-node</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-BS-_0028backspace_0029-116"><code>BS (backspace)</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002da_002c-in-Info-windows-45"><code>C-a, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002da_002c-in-the-echo-area-258"><code>C-a, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002db_002c-in-Info-windows-54"><code>C-b, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002db_002c-in-the-echo-area-255"><code>C-b, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002db_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-91"><code>C-b, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dCENTER-136"><code>C-CENTER</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dd_002c-in-the-echo-area-271"><code>C-d, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dd_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-109"><code>C-d, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002de_002c-in-Info-windows-48"><code>C-e, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002de_002c-in-the-echo-area-261"><code>C-e, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002de_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-96"><code>C-e, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dEnd-70"><code>C-End</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002df_002c-in-Info-windows-51"><code>C-f, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002df_002c-in-the-echo-area-250"><code>C-f, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002df_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-79"><code>C-f, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dg_002c-in-Info-windows-347"><code>C-g, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dg_002c-in-the-echo-area-276"><code>C-g, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dh-326"><code>C-h</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dHome-65"><code>C-Home</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dk_002c-in-the-echo-area-299"><code>C-k, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dk_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-105"><code>C-k, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dl-117"><code>C-l</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dLEFT-61"><code>C-LEFT</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dLEFT_002c-in-the-echo-area-270"><code>C-LEFT, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dn-39"><code>C-n</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dn_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-95"><code>C-n, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dNEXT-123"><code>C-NEXT</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dp-42"><code>C-p</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dp_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-101"><code>C-p, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dPgDn-126"><code>C-PgDn</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dPgUp-130"><code>C-PgUp</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dPREVIOUS-128"><code>C-PREVIOUS</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dq_002c-in-the-echo-area-281"><code>C-q, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dr-193"><code>C-r</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dRIGHT-58"><code>C-RIGHT</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dRIGHT_002c-in-the-echo-area-267"><code>C-RIGHT, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002ds-190"><code>C-s</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dt_002c-in-the-echo-area-291"><code>C-t, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002du-335"><code>C-u</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002du-cancels-typeahead_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-348"><code>C-u cancels typeahead, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002du_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-277"><code>C-u, in the echo area, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002du_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-112"><code>C-u, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dUP-132"><code>C-UP</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dv-78"><code>C-v</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dv_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-282"><code>C-v, in the echo area, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dw-119"><code>C-w</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-0-238"><code>C-x 0</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-1-240"><code>C-x 1</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-2-235"><code>C-x 2</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-_005e-244"><code>C-x ^</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-b-171"><code>C-x b</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-C_002db-169"><code>C-x C-b</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-C_002dc-352"><code>C-x C-c</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-C_002df-167"><code>C-x C-f</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-DEL_002c-in-the-echo-area-301"><code>C-x DEL, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-g_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-156"><code>C-x g, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-k-165"><code>C-x k</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-N-187"><code>C-x N</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-n-183"><code>C-x n</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-n_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-124"><code>C-x n, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-o-231"><code>C-x o</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-r_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-218"><code>C-x r, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-t-247"><code>C-x t</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-u_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-133"><code>C-x u, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dy_002c-in-the-echo-area-303"><code>C-y, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dy_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-106"><code>C-y, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-cancelling-the-current-operation-346">cancelling the current operation</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-cancelling-typeahead-345">cancelling typeahead</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-case_002dsensitive-search-182">case-sensitive search</a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-case_002dsensitivity_002c-and-search-203">case-sensitivity, and search</a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-colors-in-documents-24">colors in documents</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-command-line-options-3">command line options</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-command_002dline-options_002c-how-to-find-27">command-line options, how to find</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-commands_002c-describing-321">commands, describing</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-completion-307">completion</a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-compressed-Info-files-16">compressed Info files</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-cursor_002c-moving-37">cursor, moving</a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-customizing-key-bindings-376">customizing key bindings</a>: <a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-d-142"><code>d</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-d_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-108"><code>d, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-default-key-bindings_002c-overriding-374">default key bindings, overriding</a>: <a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-DEL_002c-in-Info-windows-86"><code>DEL, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-DEL_002c-in-the-echo-area-274"><code>DEL, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-delete_002dwindow-239"><code>delete-window</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-describe_002dcommand-322"><code>describe-command</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-describe_002dkey-324"><code>describe-key</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-describe_002dvariable-363"><code>describe-variable</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dir_002dnode-144"><code>dir-node</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-directory-path-9">directory path</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-DOWN-_0028an-arrow-key_0029-40"><code>DOWN (an arrow key)</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-DOWN_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-99"><code>DOWN, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-down_002dline-100"><code>down-line</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-e_002c-in-Info-windows-69"><code>e, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo-area-249">echo area</a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dabort-278"><code>echo-area-abort</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dbackward-257"><code>echo-area-backward</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dbackward_002dkill_002dline-302"><code>echo-area-backward-kill-line</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dbackward_002dkill_002dword-297"><code>echo-area-backward-kill-word</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dbackward_002dword-269"><code>echo-area-backward-word</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dbeg_002dof_002dline-260"><code>echo-area-beg-of-line</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dcomplete-310"><code>echo-area-complete</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002ddelete-273"><code>echo-area-delete</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dend_002dof_002dline-263"><code>echo-area-end-of-line</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dforward-253"><code>echo-area-forward</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dforward_002dword-266"><code>echo-area-forward-word</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dinsert-285"><code>echo-area-insert</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dkill_002dline-300"><code>echo-area-kill-line</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dkill_002dword-295"><code>echo-area-kill-word</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dnewline-280"><code>echo-area-newline</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dpossible_002dcompletions-312"><code>echo-area-possible-completions</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dquoted_002dinsert-283"><code>echo-area-quoted-insert</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002drubout-275"><code>echo-area-rubout</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dscroll_002dcompletions_002dwindow-314"><code>echo-area-scroll-completions-window</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dtab_002dinsert-288"><code>echo-area-tab-insert</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dtranspose_002dchars-292"><code>echo-area-transpose-chars</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dyank-304"><code>echo-area-yank</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dyank_002dpop-306"><code>echo-area-yank-pop</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-End-49"><code>End</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-end_002dof_002dline-50"><code>end-of-line</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-end_002dof_002dnode-71"><code>end-of-node</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-errors_002dring_002dbell-366"><code>errors-ring-bell</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ESC-C_002df-357"><code>ESC C-f</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ESC-C_002dv_002c-in-Info-windows-242"><code>ESC C-v, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ESC-C_002dv_002c-in-the-echo-area-313"><code>ESC C-v, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-f-215"><code>f</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-f_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-80"><code>f, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-F1-328"><code>F1</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-FDL_002c-GNU-Free-Documentation-License-388">FDL, GNU Free Documentation License</a>: <a href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">GNU Free Documentation License</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-file-names_002c-relative-14">file names, relative</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-file_002c-outputting-to-22">file, outputting to</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-files_002c-compressed-17">files, compressed</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-find_002dmenu-214"><code>find-menu</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-finding-the-Invocation-node-161">finding the Invocation node</a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-first_002dnode-147"><code>first-node</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-footnotes_002c-displaying-359">footnotes, displaying</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-format-of-_002einfokey-source-387">format of .infokey source</a>: <a href="#infokey-source-format">infokey source format</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-forward_002dchar-53"><code>forward-char</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-forward_002dword-59"><code>forward-word</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-functions_002c-describing-320">functions, describing</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g-155"><code>g</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-G-162"><code>G</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-G_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-149"><code>G, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-146"><code>g, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-gc_002dcompressed_002dfiles-367"><code>gc-compressed-files</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-get_002dhelp_002dwindow-330"><code>get-help-window</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-get_002dinfo_002dhelp_002dnode-333"><code>get-info-help-node</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-global_002dnext_002dnode-152"><code>global-next-node</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-global_002dprev_002dnode-154"><code>global-prev-node</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-goto_002dinvocation-160"><code>goto-invocation</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-goto_002dnode-157"><code>goto-node</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-grow_002dwindow-245"><code>grow-window</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-h-331"><code>h</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-h_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-329"><code>h, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-history_002dnode-138"><code>history-node</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Home-46"><code>Home</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-i-195"><code>i</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-I-159"><code>I</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-incremental-search-192">incremental search</a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-index-search_002c-selecting-from-the-command-line-19">index search, selecting from the command line</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-index_002c-searching-197">index, searching</a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-index_002dapropos-201"><code>index-apropos</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-index_002dsearch-196"><code>index-search</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info-file_002c-selecting-12">Info file, selecting</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info-files_002c-compressed-18">Info files, compressed</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info-files_002c-relative-15">Info files, relative</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info-files_0040r_007b_002c-searching-all-indices_007d-7">Info files<span class="roman">, searching all indices</span></a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info-manual-location-34">Info manual location</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info_002c-invoking-1">Info, invoking</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-INFO_005fPRINT_005fCOMMAND_002c-environment-variable-317">INFO_PRINT_COMMAND, environment variable</a>: <a href="#Printing-Nodes">Printing Nodes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-infokey-378">infokey</a>: <a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-infokey-source-format-385">infokey source format</a>: <a href="#infokey-source-format">infokey source format</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-infokey_002c-invoking-383">infokey, invoking</a>: <a href="#Invoking-infokey">Invoking infokey</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-invocation-description_002c-how-to-find-28">invocation description, how to find</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-invoking-Info-2">invoking Info</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-invoking-infokey-382">invoking infokey</a>: <a href="#Invoking-infokey">Invoking infokey</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-isearch_002dbackward-194"><code>isearch-backward</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-isearch_002dforward-191"><code>isearch-forward</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ISO-Latin-characters-368">ISO Latin characters</a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ISO_002dLatin-369"><code>ISO-Latin</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-k_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-104"><code>k, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-keep_002done_002dwindow-241"><code>keep-one-window</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-key-bindings_002c-customizing-377">key bindings, customizing</a>: <a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-keys_002c-describing-323">keys, describing</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-keystrokes_002c-recording-10">keystrokes, recording</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-kill_002dnode-166"><code>kill-node</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-l-135"><code>l</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-last_002dmenu_002ditem-211"><code>last-menu-item</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-last_002dnode-150"><code>last-node</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-LEFT-_0028an-arrow-key_0029-55"><code>LEFT (an arrow key)</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-LEFT_002c-in-the-echo-area-254"><code>LEFT, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Less_002dlike-key-bindings-33">Less-like key bindings</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-LFD_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-98"><code>LFD, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-list_002dvisited_002dnodes-170"><code>list-visited-nodes</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-local-printer-device-319">local printer device</a>: <a href="#Printing-Nodes">Printing Nodes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-m-212"><code>m</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002d_0024_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-262"><code>M-$, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002d_002d-340"><code>M--</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002d0-_0040dots_007b_007d-M_002d9-337"><code>M-0 ... M-9</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002d0_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-259"><code>M-0, in the echo area, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002d0_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-210"><code>M-0, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002d1-_0040dots_007b_007d-M_002d9_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-205">M-1 <small class="dots">...</small> M-9, vi-like operation</a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002d_003c-64"><code>M-<</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002d_003e-68"><code>M-></code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002db_002c-in-Info-windows-60"><code>M-b, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002db_002c-in-the-echo-area-268"><code>M-b, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002db_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-66"><code>M-b, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dBS_002c-in-the-echo-area-298"><code>M-BS, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dd_002c-in-the-echo-area-293"><code>M-d, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dd_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-143"><code>M-d, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dDEL_002c-in-the-echo-area-296"><code>M-DEL, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002df_002c-in-Info-windows-57"><code>M-f, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002df_002c-in-the-echo-area-264"><code>M-f, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002df_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-217"><code>M-f, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dg_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-227"><code>M-g, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dh_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-252"><code>M-h, in the echo area, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dh_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-332"><code>M-h, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dl_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-256"><code>M-l, in the echo area, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dr-72"><code>M-r</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dSPC_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-81"><code>M-SPC, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dt_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-140"><code>M-t, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dTAB_002c-in-Info-windows-222"><code>M-TAB, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dTAB_002c-in-the-echo-area-286"><code>M-TAB, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dv-89"><code>M-v</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dw_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-265"><code>M-w, in the echo area, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dx_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-272"><code>M-x, in the echo area, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dX_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-294"><code>M-X, in the echo area, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dy_002c-in-the-echo-area-305"><code>M-y, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-menu_002c-following-36">menu, following</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-menu_002c-following_002c-from-inside-Info-164">menu, following, from inside Info</a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-menu_002ddigit-208"><code>menu-digit</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-menu_002ditem-213"><code>menu-item</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-menu_002dsequence-163"><code>menu-sequence</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-move_002dto_002dnext_002dxref-221"><code>move-to-next-xref</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-move_002dto_002dprev_002dxref-223"><code>move-to-prev-xref</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-move_002dto_002dwindow_002dline-73"><code>move-to-window-line</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-moving-the-cursor-38">moving the cursor</a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-n-122"><code>n</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-n_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-184"><code>n, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-negative-arguments-342">negative arguments</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-NEXT-77"><code>NEXT</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-next_002dindex_002dmatch-200"><code>next-index-match</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-next_002dline-41"><code>next-line</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-next_002dnode-125"><code>next-node</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-next_002dwindow-232"><code>next-window</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-node_002c-selecting-from-the-command-line-21">node, selecting from the command line</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-nodes_002c-selection-of-121">nodes, selection of</a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-numeric-arguments-334">numeric arguments</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-numeric-arguments_002c-negative-344">numeric arguments, negative</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-O-158"><code>O</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-online-help_002c-using-Info-as-20">online help, using Info as</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-options_002c-command-line-4">options, command line</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-outputting-to-a-file-23">outputting to a file</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-overriding-default-key-bindings-375">overriding default key bindings</a>: <a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-p-127"><code>p</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PageDown-83"><code>PageDown</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PageUp-115"><code>PageUp</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-prev_002dline-44"><code>prev-line</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-prev_002dnode-129"><code>prev-node</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-prev_002dwindow-233"><code>prev-window</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PREVIOUS-88"><code>PREVIOUS</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-print_002dnode-316"><code>print-node</code></a>: <a href="#Printing-Nodes">Printing Nodes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-printing-315">printing</a>: <a href="#Printing-Nodes">Printing Nodes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-printing-characters_002c-in-the-echo-area-284"><code>printing characters, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-printing-nodes-to-the-local-printer-318">printing nodes to the local printer</a>: <a href="#Printing-Nodes">Printing Nodes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-q-351"><code>q</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-quit-354"><code>quit</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-quitting-350">quitting</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-r-216"><code>r</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-redraw_002ddisplay-118"><code>redraw-display</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-relative-Info-file-names-13">relative Info file names</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-remembering-user-keystrokes-11">remembering user keystrokes</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-repeated-search-186">repeated search</a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-replaying-recorded-keystrokes-26">replaying recorded keystrokes</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-RET_002c-in-Info-windows-226"><code>RET, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-RET_002c-in-the-echo-area-279"><code>RET, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-RET_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-97"><code>RET, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-RIGHT-_0028an-arrow-key_0029-52"><code>RIGHT (an arrow key)</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-RIGHT_002c-in-the-echo-area-251"><code>RIGHT, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-S-179"><code>S</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-s-174"><code>s</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-screen_002c-changing-the-height-of-356">screen, changing the height of</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-scroll_002dbackward-87"><code>scroll-backward</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-scroll_002dbackward_002dpage_002donly-92"><code>scroll-backward-page-only</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-scroll_002dbackward_002dpage_002donly_002dset_002dwindow-94"><code>scroll-backward-page-only-set-window</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-scroll_002dbehavior-370"><code>scroll-behavior</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-scroll_002dforward-76"><code>scroll-forward</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-scroll_002dforward_002dpage_002donly-82"><code>scroll-forward-page-only</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-scroll_002dforward_002dpage_002donly_002dset_002dwindow-85"><code>scroll-forward-page-only-set-window</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-scroll_002dhalf_002dscreen_002ddown-110"><code>scroll-half-screen-down</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-scroll_002dhalf_002dscreen_002dup-113"><code>scroll-half-screen-up</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-scroll_002dother_002dwindow-243"><code>scroll-other-window</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-scroll_002dstep-371"><code>scroll-step</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-scrolling-74">scrolling</a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-scrolling-through-node-structure-114">scrolling through node structure</a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-search-176"><code>search</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-search_002c-and-case_002dsensitivity-202">search, and case-sensitivity</a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-search_002c-case_002dsensitive-181">search, case-sensitive</a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-search_002dbackward-178"><code>search-backward</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-search_002dcase_002dsensitively-180"><code>search-case-sensitively</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-search_002dnext-185"><code>search-next</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-search_002dprevious-189"><code>search-previous</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-searching-173">searching</a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Searching-all-indices-6">Searching all indices</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-searching_002c-in-the-indices-198">searching, in the indices</a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-select_002dreference_002dthis_002dline-228"><code>select-reference-this-line</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-select_002dvisited_002dnode-172"><code>select-visited-node</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-set_002dscreen_002dheight-355"><code>set-screen-height</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-set_002dvariable-361"><code>set-variable</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Shift_002dTAB_002c-in-Info-windows-224"><code>Shift-TAB, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Shift_002dTAB_002c-in-the-echo-area-287"><code>Shift-TAB, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-show_002dfootnotes-358"><code>show-footnotes</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-show_002dindex_002dmatch-372"><code>show-index-match</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-SPC_002c-in-Info-windows-75"><code>SPC, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-SPC_002c-in-the-echo-area-309"><code>SPC, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-speech-synthesizers-29">speech synthesizers</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-split_002dwindow-236"><code>split-window</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-t-139"><code>t</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TAB_002c-in-Info-windows-220"><code>TAB, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TAB_002c-in-the-echo-area-308"><code>TAB, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-tile_002dwindows-248"><code>tile-windows</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-tiling-246">tiling</a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-toggle_002dwrap-120"><code>toggle-wrap</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-top_002dnode-141"><code>top-node</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-u-131"><code>u</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-u_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-111"><code>u, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-universal_002dargument-336"><code>universal-argument</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-UP-_0028an-arrow-key_0029-43"><code>UP (an arrow key)</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-UP_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-102"><code>UP, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-up_002dline-107"><code>up-line</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-up_002dnode-134"><code>up-node</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-variables_002c-describing-362">variables, describing</a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-variables_002c-setting-360">variables, setting</a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-version-information-31">version information</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-vi_002dlike-key-bindings-32">vi-like key bindings</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-view_002dfile-168"><code>view-file</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-visible_002dbell-373"><code>visible-bell</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-w_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-93"><code>w, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Where-is-an-Info-manual_003f-35">Where is an Info manual?</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-where_002dis-325"><code>where-is</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-windows_002c-creating-234">windows, creating</a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-windows_002c-deleting-237">windows, deleting</a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-windows_002c-manipulating-229">windows, manipulating</a>: <a href="#Window-Commands">Window Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-windows_002c-selecting-230">windows, selecting</a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-xref_002ditem-219"><code>xref-item</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-y_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-103"><code>y, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-z_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-84"><code>z, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ZZ_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-353"><code>ZZ, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> + </ul><div class="footnote"> +<hr> +<a name="texinfo-footnotes-in-document"></a><h4>Footnotes</h4><p class="footnote"><small>[<a name="fn-1" href="#fnd-1">1</a>]</small> +<span class="file">.info</span>, <span class="file">-info</span>, <span class="file">/index</span>, and <span class="file">.inf</span>.</p> + + <p class="footnote"><small>[<a name="fn-2" href="#fnd-2">2</a>]</small> The MS-DOS version allows for the Info +extension, such as <code>.inf</code>, and the short compressed file +extensions, such as <span class="file">.z</span> and <span class="file">.gz</span>, to be merged into a single +extension, since DOS doesn't allow more than a single dot in the +basename of a file. Thus, on MS-DOS, if Info looks for <span class="file">bison</span>, +file names like <span class="file">bison.igz</span> and <span class="file">bison.inz</span> will be found and +decompressed by <code>gunzip</code>.</p> + + <p class="footnote"><small>[<a name="fn-3" href="#fnd-3">3</a>]</small> Of course, you can specify both the file and node +in a <code>--node</code> command; but don't forget to escape the open and +close parentheses and whitespace from the shell as in: <code>info --node +"(emacs)Buffers"</code>.</p> + + <p class="footnote"><small>[<a name="fn-4" href="#fnd-4">4</a>]</small> Here's a short summary. <kbd>C-</kbd><var>x</var> means +press the <kbd>CTRL</kbd> key and the key <var>x</var>. <kbd>M-</kbd><var>x</var> means +press the <kbd>META</kbd> key and the key <var>x</var>. On many terminals th +<kbd>META</kbd> key is known as the <kbd>ALT</kbd> key. <kbd>SPC</kbd> is the space +bar. The other keys are usually called by the names imprinted on +them.</p> + + <p class="footnote"><small>[<a name="fn-5" href="#fnd-5">5</a>]</small> <code>M-x</code> is also a command; it +invokes <code>execute-extended-command</code>. See <a href="emacs.html#M_002dx">Executing an extended command (the GNU Emacs Manual)</a>, for more detailed +information.</p> + + <p class="footnote"><small>[<a name="fn-6" href="#fnd-6">6</a>]</small> +Some people are used to calling these operations <dfn>cut</dfn> and +<dfn>paste</dfn>, respectively.</p> + + <p class="footnote"><small>[<a name="fn-7" href="#fnd-7">7</a>]</small> Due to the limitations of +DOS filesystems, the MS-DOS version of Info looks for a file +<span class="file">_info</span> instead. If the <span class="env">HOME</span> variable is not defined, Info +additionally looks in the current directory.</p> + + <p class="footnote"><small>[<a name="fn-8" href="#fnd-8">8</a>]</small> This file is named <span class="file">_infokey</span> in +the MS-DOS version, and is looked for in the current directory if +<span class="env">HOME</span> is undefined.</p> + + <p><hr></div> + +</body></html> + |