summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/Master/texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.html
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
Diffstat (limited to 'Master/texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.html')
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.html2363
1 files changed, 1220 insertions, 1143 deletions
diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.html b/Master/texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.html
index e093bb0036e..6112c321935 100644
--- a/Master/texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.html
+++ b/Master/texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.html
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@
<title>Dvips: A DVI-to-PostScript translator</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html">
<meta name="description" content="Dvips: A DVI-to-PostScript translator">
-<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.8">
+<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.12">
<link title="Top" rel="top" href="#Top">
<link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage">
<!--
-This manual documents Dvips version 5.96
-(January 2007), a program to translate a DVI file into
+This manual documents Dvips version 5.97
+(July 2008), a program to translate a DVI file into
PostScript. You may freely use, modify and/or distribute this file.-->
<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
<style type="text/css"><!--
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ PostScript. You may freely use, modify and/or distribute this file.-->
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Paper-size-and-landscape" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">4 Paper size and landscape orientation</a>
<ul>
-<li><a href="#papersize-special">4.1 `<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>' special</a>
+<li><a href="#papersize-special">4.1 &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>&rsquo; special</a>
<li><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">4.2 Configuration file paper size command</a>
<li><a href="#Paper-trays">4.3 Paper trays</a>
</li></ul>
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ PostScript. You may freely use, modify and/or distribute this file.-->
<li><a href="#EPSF-scaling">5.1.3.1 EPSF scaling</a>
<li><a href="#EPSF-clipping">5.1.3.2 EPSF clipping</a>
</li></ul>
-<li><a href="#psfile-special">5.1.4 `<samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp>' special</a>
+<li><a href="#psfile-special">5.1.4 &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp>&rsquo; special</a>
<li><a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">5.1.5 Dynamic creation of PostScript graphics files</a>
<li><a href="#Fonts-in-figures">5.1.6 Fonts in figures</a>
</li></ul>
@@ -107,8 +107,8 @@ PostScript. You may freely use, modify and/or distribute this file.-->
<li><a href="#Literal-PS">5.3 Literal PostScript</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#_0022-special">5.3.1 <code>"</code> special: Literal PostScript</a>
-<li><a href="#ps-special">5.3.2 `<samp><span class="samp">ps</span></samp>' special</a>
-<li><a href="#Literal-headers">5.3.3 Literal headers: `<samp><span class="samp">!</span></samp>' <code>\special</code></a>
+<li><a href="#ps-special">5.3.2 &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ps</span></samp>&rsquo; special</a>
+<li><a href="#Literal-headers">5.3.3 Literal headers: &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">!</span></samp>&rsquo; <code>\special</code></a>
<li><a href="#PostScript-hooks">5.3.4 PostScript hooks</a>
<li><a href="#Literal-examples">5.3.5 Literal examples</a>
</li></ul>
@@ -133,9 +133,9 @@ PostScript. You may freely use, modify and/or distribute this file.-->
<ul>
<li><a href="#Changing-font-encodings">6.3.1 Changing font encodings</a>
<ul>
-<li><a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">6.3.1.1 `<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>': Changing TeX encodings</a>
-<li><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">6.3.1.2 `<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>': Changing PostScript encodings</a>
-<li><a href="#Changing-both-encodings">6.3.1.3 `<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>': Changing both TeX and PostScript encodings</a>
+<li><a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">6.3.1.1 &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>&rsquo;: Changing TeX encodings</a>
+<li><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">6.3.1.2 &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>&rsquo;: Changing PostScript encodings</a>
+<li><a href="#Changing-both-encodings">6.3.1.3 &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>&rsquo;: Changing both TeX and PostScript encodings</a>
<li><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">6.3.1.4 Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a>
<li><a href="#Encoding-file-format">6.3.1.5 Encoding file format</a>
</li></ul>
@@ -171,8 +171,8 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#dir">(dir)</a>
<h2 class="unnumbered">Dvips</h2>
-<p>This manual documents Dvips version 5.96
-(January 2007), a program to translate a DVI file into
+<p>This manual documents Dvips version 5.97
+(July 2008), a program to translate a DVI file into
PostScript. You may freely use, modify and/or distribute this file.
<ul class="menu">
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ get Type 1 font files for the standard 35 fonts from HP, if the freely
available URW Type 1's do not satisfy for whatever reason. The phone
number for HP Printer Drivers is (in the United States) 303-339-7009.
The driver set to ask for is Adobe Type Manager 2.51, and the disk set
-number is `<samp><span class="samp">MP210en3</span></samp>'. Mentioning anything other than Microsoft
+number is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">MP210en3</span></samp>&rsquo;. Mentioning anything other than Microsoft
Windows when you ask for the driver set will likely lead to great
confusion on the other end.
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ General Public License, free to everyone. You can get that from
<p><a name="index-Theisen_002c-Tim-40"></a><a name="index-ghostview-41"></a><a name="index-Ghostview_002c-and-no-_0040samp_007bN_007d-42"></a><a name="index-EPS_002c-and-Ghostview-43"></a><a name="index-standard-PostScript_002c-required-by-Ghostview-44"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-required-by-Ghostview_007d-45"></a>The program Ghostview, written by Tim Theisen, provides typical
previewing capabilities (next page/previous page, magnification, etc.).
It requires Ghostscript to run, and files in structured Postscript,
-specifically with `<samp><span class="samp">%%Page</span></samp>' comments (no `<samp><span class="samp">N</span></samp>' in
+specifically with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%%Page</span></samp>&rsquo; comments (no &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">N</span></samp>&rsquo; in
<samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>). You can get Ghostview from the same places as
Ghostscript.
@@ -495,6 +495,11 @@ yourself in such a situation.
<p>For details on effective bug reporting, common installation problems,
and <code>mktexpk</code> problems, see <a href="kpathsea.html#Bugs">Bugs</a>.
+ <p>A good first debugging operation is to set the environment variable
+<samp><span class="env">DVIPSDEBUG</span></samp>, which will display any configuration and map files
+read by Dvips. This way you can be sure it's finding the files and
+settings you expect.
+
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>: Getting diagnostics.
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#No-output">No output</a>: No output at all.
@@ -515,7 +520,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing proble
<h4 class="subsection">2.4.1 Debug options</h4>
<p><a name="index-debugging-options-49"></a><a name="index-options_002c-debugging-50"></a>
-The `<samp><span class="samp">-d</span></samp>' flag to Dvips helps in tracking down certain errors. The
+The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-d</span></samp>&rsquo; flag to Dvips helps in tracking down certain errors. The
parameter to this flag is an integer that tells what errors are
currently being tracked. To track a certain class of debug messages,
simply provide the appropriate number given below; if you wish to track
@@ -524,6 +529,9 @@ track all classes, you can use <code>-1</code>. Another useful value is
<code>3650</code>, which tracks everything having to do with file searching
and opening.
+ <p>You can also set the environment variable <samp><span class="env">KPATHSEA_DEBUG</span></samp> to any
+of these values.
+
<p>Some of these debugging options are actually provided by Kpathsea
(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Debugging">Debugging</a>).
@@ -558,12 +566,12 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing proble
<p><a name="index-output_002c-none-51"></a><a name="index-no-output-at-all-52"></a><a name="index-failure_002c-to-print-at-all-53"></a>
If you are not getting any output at all, even from the simplest
-one-character file (for instance, `<samp><span class="samp">\ \bye</span></samp>'), then something is very
+one-character file (for instance, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\ \bye</span></samp>&rsquo;), then something is very
wrong. Practically any file sent to a PostScript laser printer should
generate some output, at the very least a page detailing what error
occurred, if any. Talk to your system administrator about downloading a
PostScript error handler. (Adobe distributes a good one called
-`<samp><span class="samp">ehandler.ps</span></samp>'.)
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ehandler.ps</span></samp>&rsquo;.)
<a name="index-ehandler_002eps-54"></a>
<a name="index-PowerPage-PostScript-implementation-55"></a><a name="index-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer-56"></a><a name="index-Mitsubishi-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer-57"></a>It is possible, especially if you are using non-Adobe PostScript, that
your PostScript interpreter is broken. Even then it should generate an
@@ -579,7 +587,7 @@ broken. Try using the debug options to determine where the error
occurred (see <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>).
<p>It is possible your spooler is broken and is misinterpreting the
-structured comments. Try the `<samp><span class="samp">-N</span></samp>' flag to turn off structured
+structured comments. Try the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-N</span></samp>&rsquo; flag to turn off structured
comments and see what happens.
<div class="node">
@@ -597,9 +605,9 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing proble
<a name="index-save_002frestore_002c-and-inverted-output-62"></a>If some documents come out inverted or too small, probably your spooler
is not supplying an end of job indicator at the end of each file. (This
commonly happens on small machines that don't have spoolers.) You can
-force Dvips to do this with the `<samp><span class="samp">-F</span></samp>' flag (or `<samp><span class="samp">F</span></samp>' config file
+force Dvips to do this with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-F</span></samp>&rsquo; flag (or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">F</span></samp>&rsquo; config file
option), but this generates files with a terminating binary character
-(control-D). You can also try using the `<samp><span class="samp">-s</span></samp>' flag (or `<samp><span class="samp">s</span></samp>'
+(control-D). You can also try using the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-s</span></samp>&rsquo; flag (or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">s</span></samp>&rsquo;
config file option) to enclose the entire job in a save/restore pair.
See <a href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a>, and <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a>.
@@ -617,17 +625,17 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing proble
<p><a name="index-printer-errors-63"></a><a name="index-error-messages-from-printer-64"></a><a name="index-failure_002c-and-printer-errors-65"></a>
<a name="index-g_t_0040t_007bbop-undefined_007d-error-66"></a>If your printer returns error messages, the error message gives very
good information on what might be going wrong. One of the most common
-error messages is `<samp><span class="samp">bop undefined</span></samp>'. This is caused by old versions
+error messages is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">bop undefined</span></samp>&rsquo;. This is caused by old versions
of Transcript and other spoolers that do not properly parse the setup
section of the PostScript. To fix this, turn off structured comments
-with the `<samp><span class="samp">-N</span></samp>' option, but it'd be best to get your spooling
+with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-N</span></samp>&rsquo; option, but it'd be best to get your spooling
software updated.
- <p><a name="index-VM-exhausted-67"></a><a name="index-printer-memory-exhausted-68"></a><a name="index-memory-of-printer-exhausted-69"></a>Another error message is `<samp><span class="samp">VM exhausted</span></samp>'. Some printers indicate
+ <p><a name="index-VM-exhausted-67"></a><a name="index-printer-memory-exhausted-68"></a><a name="index-memory-of-printer-exhausted-69"></a>Another error message is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">VM exhausted</span></samp>&rsquo;. Some printers indicate
this error by locking up, others quietly reset. This is caused by Dvips
thinking that the printer has more memory than it actually does, and
then printing a complicated document. To fix this, try lowering the
-`<samp><span class="samp">m</span></samp>' parameter in the configuration file; use the debug option to
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">m</span></samp>&rsquo; parameter in the configuration file; use the debug option to
make sure you adjust the correct file.
<p>Other errors may indicate you are trying to include graphics that don't
@@ -672,7 +680,7 @@ must follow when generating files to be included. The Dvips program
includes work-arounds for such errors in Adobe Illustrator and other
programs, but there are certainly applications that haven't been tested.
- <p>One possible thing to try is the `<samp><span class="samp">-K</span></samp>' flag which strips the comments
+ <p>One possible thing to try is the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-K</span></samp>&rsquo; flag which strips the comments
from an included figure. This might be necessary if the PostScript
spooling software does not read the structured comments correctly. Use
of this flag will break graphics from some applications, though, since
@@ -769,40 +777,44 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line
<h4 class="subsection">3.2.1 Option summary</h4>
<p><a name="index-options_002c-summary-80"></a>Here is a handy summary of the options; it is printed out when you run
-Dvips with no arguments or with the standard `<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>' option.
+Dvips with no arguments or with the standard &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>&rsquo; option.
<a name="index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-81"></a>
<pre class="verbatim">Usage: dvips [OPTION]... FILENAME[.dvi]
-a* Conserve memory, not time A Print only odd (TeX) pages
-b # Page copies, for posters e.g. B Print only even (TeX) pages
-c # Uncollated copies C # Collated copies
-d # Debugging D # Resolution
-e # Maxdrift value E* Try to create EPSF
-f* Run as filter F* Send control-D at end
- G* Shift low chars to higher pos.
-h f Add header file
-i* Separate file per section
-j* Download fonts partially
-k* Print crop marks K* Pull comments from inclusions
-l # Last page
-m* Manual feed M* Don't make fonts
-mode s Metafont device name
-n # Maximum number of pages N* No structured comments
-noomega Disable Omega extensions
-o f Output file O c Set/change paper offset
-p # First page P s Load config.$s
-pp l Print only pages listed
-q* Run quietly
-r* Reverse order of pages R* Run securely
-s* Enclose output in save/restore S # Max section size in pages
-t s Paper format T c Specify desired page size
-u s PS mapfile U* Disable string param trick
-v Print version number and quit V* Send downloadable PS fonts as PK
-x # Override dvi magnification X # Horizontal resolution
-y # Multiply by dvi magnification Y # Vertical resolution
-z* Hyper PS Z* Compress bitmap fonts
- # = number f = file s = string * = suffix, `0' to turn off
- c = comma-separated dimension pair (e.g., 3.2in,-32.1cm)
- l = comma-separated list of page ranges (e.g., 1-4,7-9)
+Convert DVI input files to PostScript.
+See http://tug.org/dvips/ for the full manual and other information.
+
+Options:
+-a* Conserve memory, not time -A Print only odd (TeX) pages
+-b # Page copies, for posters e.g. -B Print only even (TeX) pages
+-c # Uncollated copies -C # Collated copies
+-d # Debugging -D # Resolution
+-e # Maxdrift value -E* Try to create EPSF
+-f* Run as filter -F* Send control-D at end
+ -G* Shift low chars to higher pos.
+-h f Add header file
+-i* Separate file per section
+-j* Download fonts partially
+-k* Print crop marks -K* Pull comments from inclusions
+-l # Last page
+-m* Manual feed -M* Don't make fonts
+-mode s Metafont device name
+-n # Maximum number of pages -N* No structured comments
+-noomega Disable Omega extensions
+-o f Output file -O c Set/change paper offset
+-p # First page -P s Load config.$s
+-pp l Print only pages listed
+-q* Run quietly
+-r* Reverse order of pages -R* Run securely
+-s* Enclose output in save/restore -S # Max section size in pages
+-t s Paper format -T c Specify desired page size
+-u s PS mapfile -U* Disable string param trick
+-v Print version number and quit -V* Send downloadable PS fonts as PK
+-x # Override dvi magnification -X # Horizontal resolution
+-y # Multiply by dvi magnification -Y # Vertical resolution
+-z* Hyper PS -Z* Compress bitmap fonts
+ # = number f = file s = string * = suffix, `0' to turn off
+ c = comma-separated dimension pair (e.g., 3.2in,-32.1cm)
+ l = comma-separated list of page ranges (e.g., 1-4,7-9)
Email bug reports to tex-k@mail.tug.org.
</pre>
@@ -819,60 +831,60 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line
<p><a name="index-option_002c-details-of-82"></a>
Many of the parameterless options listed here can be turned off by
-suffixing the option with a zero (`<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>'); for instance, to turn off
-page reversal, use `<samp><span class="samp">-r0</span></samp>'. Such options are marked with a trailing
-`<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>'.
+suffixing the option with a zero (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>&rsquo;); for instance, to turn off
+page reversal, use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-r0</span></samp>&rsquo;. Such options are marked with a trailing
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>&rsquo;.
<dl>
-<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d-83"></a><a name="index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input-84"></a><a name="index-standard-input_002c-reading-options-from-85"></a>Read additional options from standard input after processing the command
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d-83"></a><a name="index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input-84"></a><a name="index-standard-input_002c-reading-options-from-85"></a>Read additional options from standard input after processing the command
line.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-86"></a>Print a usage message and exit.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-86"></a>Print a usage message and exit.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dversion-87"></a>Print the version number and exit.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dversion-87"></a>Print the version number and exit.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-a*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002da-88"></a><a name="index-memory_002c-conserving-89"></a>Conserve memory by making three passes over the DVI file instead
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-a*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002da-88"></a><a name="index-memory_002c-conserving-89"></a>Conserve memory by making three passes over the DVI file instead
of two and only loading those characters actually used. Generally only
useful on machines with a very limited amount of memory, like some PCs.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-A</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dA-90"></a><a name="index-odd-pages-only-91"></a>Print only the odd pages. This option uses TeX
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-A</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dA-90"></a><a name="index-odd-pages-only-91"></a>Print only the odd pages. This option uses TeX
page numbers, not physical page numbers.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-b </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002db-_0040var_007bnum_007d-92"></a><a name="index-g_t_002f_0023copies-93"></a><a name="index-copies_002c-duplicated-page-bodies-94"></a><a name="index-color-separations-95"></a>Generate <var>num</var> copies of each page, but duplicating the page body
-rather than using the `<samp><span class="samp">/#copies</span></samp>' PostScript variable. This can
-be useful in conjunction with a header file setting `<samp><span class="samp">bop-hook</span></samp>' to
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-b </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002db-_0040var_007bnum_007d-92"></a><a name="index-g_t_002f_0023copies-93"></a><a name="index-copies_002c-duplicated-page-bodies-94"></a><a name="index-color-separations-95"></a>Generate <var>num</var> copies of each page, but duplicating the page body
+rather than using the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">/#copies</span></samp>&rsquo; PostScript variable. This can
+be useful in conjunction with a header file setting &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">bop-hook</span></samp>&rsquo; to
do color separations or other neat tricks.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-B</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dB-96"></a><a name="index-even-pages-only-97"></a><a name="index-double_002dsided-printing-98"></a>Print only the even pages. This option uses TeX page numbers, not
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-B</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dB-96"></a><a name="index-even-pages-only-97"></a><a name="index-double_002dsided-printing-98"></a>Print only the even pages. This option uses TeX page numbers, not
physical page numbers.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-c </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dc-_0040var_007bnum_007d-99"></a><a name="index-g_t_002f_0023copies-100"></a><a name="index-copies_002c-uncollated-101"></a><a name="index-uncollated-copies-102"></a>Generate <var>num</var> consecutive copies of every page, i.e., the output is
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-c </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dc-_0040var_007bnum_007d-99"></a><a name="index-g_t_002f_0023copies-100"></a><a name="index-copies_002c-uncollated-101"></a><a name="index-uncollated-copies-102"></a>Generate <var>num</var> consecutive copies of every page, i.e., the output is
uncollated. This merely sets the builtin PostScript variable
-`<samp><span class="samp">/#copies</span></samp>'.
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">/#copies</span></samp>&rsquo;.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-C </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dC-_0040var_007bnum_007d-103"></a><a name="index-copies_002c-collated-104"></a><a name="index-collated-copies-105"></a>Generate <var>num</var> copies, but collated (by replicating the data in the
-PostScript file). Slower than the `<samp><span class="samp">-c</span></samp>' option, but easier on the
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-C </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dC-_0040var_007bnum_007d-103"></a><a name="index-copies_002c-collated-104"></a><a name="index-collated-copies-105"></a>Generate <var>num</var> copies, but collated (by replicating the data in the
+PostScript file). Slower than the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-c</span></samp>&rsquo; option, but easier on the
hands, and faster than resubmitting the same PostScript file multiple
times.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-d </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dd-_0040var_007bnum_007d-106"></a><a name="index-debugging-107"></a>Set the debug flags, showing what Dvips (thinks it) is doing. This will
-work unless Dvips has been compiled without the `<samp><span class="samp">DEBUG</span></samp>' option (not
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-d </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dd-_0040var_007bnum_007d-106"></a><a name="index-debugging-107"></a>Set the debug flags, showing what Dvips (thinks it) is doing. This will
+work unless Dvips has been compiled without the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">DEBUG</span></samp>&rsquo; option (not
recommended). See <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>, for the possible values of
-<var>num</var>. Use `<samp><span class="samp">-d -1</span></samp>' as the first option for maximum output.
+<var>num</var>. Use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-d -1</span></samp>&rsquo; as the first option for maximum output.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-D </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dD-_0040var_007bnum_007d-108"></a><a name="index-resolution_002c-setting-109"></a>Set both the horizontal and vertical resolution to <var>num</var>, given in
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-D </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dD-_0040var_007bnum_007d-108"></a><a name="index-resolution_002c-setting-109"></a>Set both the horizontal and vertical resolution to <var>num</var>, given in
dpi (dots per inch). This affects the choice of bitmap fonts that are
loaded and also the positioning of letters in resident PostScript
fonts. Must be between 10 and 10000. This affects both the horizontal
and vertical resolution. If a high resolution (something greater than
-400 dpi, say) is selected, the `<samp><span class="samp">-Z</span></samp>' flag should probably also be
+400 dpi, say) is selected, the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-Z</span></samp>&rsquo; flag should probably also be
used. If you are using fonts made with Metafont, such as Computer
Modern, <samp><span class="file">mktexpk</span></samp> needs to know about the value for <var>num</var>
that you use or Metafont will fail. See the file
<a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf</a> for a list of resolutions and mode
names for most devices.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-e </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002de-_0040var_007bnum_007d-110"></a><a name="index-maxdrift-111"></a><a name="index-accuracy-in-positioning-112"></a><a name="index-positioning-accuracy-113"></a>Maximum drift in pixels of each character from its `true'
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-e </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002de-_0040var_007bnum_007d-110"></a><a name="index-maxdrift-111"></a><a name="index-accuracy-in-positioning-112"></a><a name="index-positioning-accuracy-113"></a>Maximum drift in pixels of each character from its `true'
resolution-independent position on the page. The default value of this
parameter is resolution dependent (it is the number of entries in the
list [100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1600, 2000, 2400,
@@ -882,7 +894,7 @@ correctly rounded positions by a few pixels, while regaining the true
position at the beginning of each new word, improves the spacing of
letters in words.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-E*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dE-114"></a><a name="index-EPSF_002c-generating-115"></a><a name="index-tight-bounding-box_002c-finding-116"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-finding-tight-117"></a>Generate an EPSF file with a tight bounding box. This only looks at
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-E*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dE-114"></a><a name="index-EPSF_002c-generating-115"></a><a name="index-tight-bounding-box_002c-finding-116"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-finding-tight-117"></a>Generate an EPSF file with a tight bounding box. This only looks at
marks made by characters and rules, not by any included graphics. In
addition, it gets the glyph metrics from the TFM file, so characters
that print outside their enclosing TFM box may confuse it. In addition,
@@ -892,132 +904,132 @@ well enough for creating small EPSF files for equations or tables or the
like. (Of course, Dvips output, especially when using bitmap fonts, is
resolution-dependent and thus does not make very good EPSF files,
especially if the images are to be scaled; use these EPSF files with
-care.) For multiple page input files, also specify `<samp><span class="samp">-i</span></samp>' to get
+care.) For multiple page input files, also specify &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-i</span></samp>&rsquo; to get
each page as a separate EPSF file; otherwise, all the pages are overlaid
in the single output file.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-f*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002df-118"></a><a name="index-filter_002c-running-as-a-119"></a><a name="index-standard-I_002fO-120"></a><a name="index-pipes_002c-not-readable-121"></a><a name="index-PRINTER_0040r_007b_002c-avoided-with-_0040samp_007b_002df_007d_007d-122"></a>Run as a filter. Read the DVI file from standard input and write the
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-f*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002df-118"></a><a name="index-filter_002c-running-as-a-119"></a><a name="index-standard-I_002fO-120"></a><a name="index-pipes_002c-not-readable-121"></a><a name="index-PRINTER_0040r_007b_002c-avoided-with-_0040samp_007b_002df_007d_007d-122"></a>Run as a filter. Read the DVI file from standard input and write the
PostScript to standard output. The standard input must be seekable, so
it cannot be a pipe. If your input must be a pipe, write a shell script
that copies the pipe output to a temporary file and then points Dvips at
this file. This option also disables the automatic reading of the
-<code>PRINTER</code> environment variable; use `<samp><span class="samp">-P$PRINTER</span></samp>' after the
-`<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>' to read it anyway. It also turns off the automatic sending of
-control-D if it was turned on with the `<samp><span class="samp">-F</span></samp>' option or in the
-configuration file; use `<samp><span class="samp">-F</span></samp>' after the `<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>' to send it anyway.
+<code>PRINTER</code> environment variable; use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-P$PRINTER</span></samp>&rsquo; after the
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>&rsquo; to read it anyway. It also turns off the automatic sending of
+control-D if it was turned on with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-F</span></samp>&rsquo; option or in the
+configuration file; use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-F</span></samp>&rsquo; after the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>&rsquo; to send it anyway.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-F*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dF-123"></a><a name="index-EOF-124"></a><a name="index-control_002dD-125"></a><a name="index-printer_002c-driving-directly-126"></a><a name="index-spooler_002c-lacking-127"></a>Write control-D (ASCII code 4) as the very last character of the
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-F*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dF-123"></a><a name="index-EOF-124"></a><a name="index-control_002dD-125"></a><a name="index-printer_002c-driving-directly-126"></a><a name="index-spooler_002c-lacking-127"></a>Write control-D (ASCII code 4) as the very last character of the
PostScript file. This is useful when Dvips is driving the printer
directly instead of working through a spooler, as is common on personal
systems. On systems shared by more than one person, this is not
recommended.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-G*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dG-128"></a><a name="index-low-characters_002c-shifting-129"></a><a name="index-non_002dprinting-characters_002c-shifting-130"></a>Shift non-printing characters (ASCII 0-32, 127) to higher-numbered positions.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-G*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dG-128"></a><a name="index-low-characters_002c-shifting-129"></a><a name="index-non_002dprinting-characters_002c-shifting-130"></a>Shift non-printing characters (ASCII 0-32, 127) to higher-numbered positions.
This may be useful sometimes.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-h </span><var>name</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dh-_0040var_007bname_007d-131"></a><a name="index-header-file_002c-downloading-132"></a><a name="index-userdict_0040r_007b_002c-used-for-header-files_007d-133"></a>Prepend <var>name</var> as an additional header file, or, if <var>name</var> is
-`<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>', suppress all header files. Any definitions in the header file
-get added to the PostScript `<samp><span class="samp">userdict</span></samp>'.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-h </span><var>name</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dh-_0040var_007bname_007d-131"></a><a name="index-header-file_002c-downloading-132"></a><a name="index-userdict_0040r_007b_002c-used-for-header-files_007d-133"></a>Prepend <var>name</var> as an additional header file, or, if <var>name</var> is
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>&rsquo;, suppress all header files. Any definitions in the header file
+get added to the PostScript &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">userdict</span></samp>&rsquo;.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-i*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002di-134"></a><a name="index-sections-output_002c-in-separate-files-135"></a><a name="index-multiple-output-files-136"></a><a name="index-output-files_002c-multiple-137"></a>Make each section be a separate file; a <dfn>section</dfn> is a part of the
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-i*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002di-134"></a><a name="index-sections-output_002c-in-separate-files-135"></a><a name="index-multiple-output-files-136"></a><a name="index-output-files_002c-multiple-137"></a>Make each section be a separate file; a <dfn>section</dfn> is a part of the
document processed independently, most often created to avoid memory
overflow. The filenames are created replacing the suffix of the
supplied output file name by a three-digit sequence number. This option
-is most often used in conjunction with the `<samp><span class="samp">-S</span></samp>' option which sets
-the maximum section length in pages; if `<samp><span class="samp">-i</span></samp>' is specified and
-`<samp><span class="samp">-S</span></samp>' is not, each page is output as a separate file. For instance,
+is most often used in conjunction with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-S</span></samp>&rsquo; option which sets
+the maximum section length in pages; if &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-i</span></samp>&rsquo; is specified and
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-S</span></samp>&rsquo; is not, each page is output as a separate file. For instance,
some phototypesetters cannot print more than ten or so consecutive pages
before running out of steam; these options can be used to automatically
split a book into ten-page sections, each to its own file.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-j*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dj-_0040r_007bfor-partial-font-downloading_007d-138"></a>Download only needed characters from Type 1 fonts. This is the
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-j*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dj-_0040r_007bfor-partial-font-downloading_007d-138"></a>Download only needed characters from Type 1 fonts. This is the
default in the current release. Some debugging flags trace this operation
(see <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>). You can also control partial downloading on a
per-font basis (see <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>).
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-k*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dk-_0040r_007bfor-cropmarks_007d-139"></a><a name="index-cropmarks-140"></a><a name="index-crop_002epro-141"></a>Print crop marks. This option increases the paper size (which should be
-specified, either with a paper size special or with the `<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>'
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-k*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dk-_0040r_007bfor-cropmarks_007d-139"></a><a name="index-cropmarks-140"></a><a name="index-crop_002epro-141"></a>Print crop marks. This option increases the paper size (which should be
+specified, either with a paper size special or with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>&rsquo;
option) by a half inch in each dimension. It translates each page by a
quarter inch and draws cross-style crop marks. It is mostly useful with
typesetters that can set the page size automatically. This works by
downloading <samp><span class="file">crop.pro</span></samp>.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-K*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dK-142"></a><a name="index-comments_002c-removing-included-143"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-removing_007d-144"></a>Remove comments in included PostScript graphics, font files, and
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-K*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dK-142"></a><a name="index-comments_002c-removing-included-143"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-removing_007d-144"></a>Remove comments in included PostScript graphics, font files, and
headers; only necessary to get around bugs in spoolers or PostScript
-post-processing programs. Specifically, the `<samp><span class="samp">%%Page</span></samp>'
+post-processing programs. Specifically, the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%%Page</span></samp>&rsquo;
comments, when left in, often cause difficulties. Use of this flag can
cause other graphics to fail, however, since the PostScript header
macros from some software packages read portion the input stream line by
line, searching for a particular comment.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-l [=]</span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dl-_005b_003d_005d_0040var_007bnum_007d-145"></a><a name="index-last-page-printed-146"></a><a name="index-page_002c-last-printed-147"></a><a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-148"></a><a name="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-149"></a>The last page printed will be the first one numbered <var>num</var>. Default
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-l [=]</span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dl-_005b_003d_005d_0040var_007bnum_007d-145"></a><a name="index-last-page-printed-146"></a><a name="index-page_002c-last-printed-147"></a><a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-148"></a><a name="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-149"></a>The last page printed will be the first one numbered <var>num</var>. Default
is the last page in the document. If <var>num</var> is prefixed by an equals
-sign, then it (and the argument to the `<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>' option, if specified)
+sign, then it (and the argument to the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>&rsquo; option, if specified)
is treated as a physical (absolute) page number, rather than a value to
-compare with the TeX `<samp><span class="samp">\count0</span></samp>' values stored in the DVI file.
-Thus, using `<samp><span class="samp">-l =9</span></samp>' will end with the ninth page of the document,
+compare with the TeX &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\count0</span></samp>&rsquo; values stored in the DVI file.
+Thus, using &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-l =9</span></samp>&rsquo; will end with the ninth page of the document,
no matter what the pages are actually numbered.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-m*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dm-150"></a><a name="index-manual-feed-151"></a>Specify manual feed, if supported by the output device.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-m*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dm-150"></a><a name="index-manual-feed-151"></a>Specify manual feed, if supported by the output device.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-mode </span><var>mode</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmode-_0040var_007bmode_007d-152"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dmode-153"></a><a name="index-mode-name_002c-specifying-154"></a><a name="index-Metafont-mode_002c-specifying-155"></a>Use <var>mode</var> as the Metafont device name for path searching and font
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-mode </span><var>mode</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmode-_0040var_007bmode_007d-152"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dmode-153"></a><a name="index-mode-name_002c-specifying-154"></a><a name="index-Metafont-mode_002c-specifying-155"></a>Use <var>mode</var> as the Metafont device name for path searching and font
generation. This overrides any value from configuration files. With
the default paths, explicitly specifying the mode also makes the program
assume the fonts are in a subdirectory named <var>mode</var>.
See <a href="kpathsea.html#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a>. If Metafont does not understand the <var>mode</var> name, see
<a href="kpathsea.html#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a>.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-M*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dM-156"></a><a name="index-font-generation_002c-avoiding-157"></a><a name="index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-avoiding_007d-158"></a><a name="index-missfont_002elog-159"></a><!-- this description repeated in kpathsea.texi -->
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-M*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dM-156"></a><a name="index-font-generation_002c-avoiding-157"></a><a name="index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-avoiding_007d-158"></a><a name="index-missfont_002elog-159"></a><!-- this description repeated in kpathsea.texi -->
Turns off automatic font generation (<samp><span class="file">mktexpk</span></samp>). If
<code>mktexpk</code>, the invocation is appended to a file
<samp><span class="file">missfont.log</span></samp> (by default) in the current directory. You can then
execute the log file to create the missing files after fixing the
problem.
<a name="index-TEXMFOUTPUT-160"></a><a name="index-MISSFONT_005fLOG-161"></a>If the current directory is not writable and the environment variable or
-configuration file value `<samp><span class="samp">TEXMFOUTPUT</span></samp>' is set, its value is used.
-Otherwise, nothing is written. The name `<samp><span class="samp">missfont.log</span></samp>' is
-overridden by the `<samp><span class="samp">MISSFONT_LOG</span></samp>' environment variable or
+configuration file value &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">TEXMFOUTPUT</span></samp>&rsquo; is set, its value is used.
+Otherwise, nothing is written. The name &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">missfont.log</span></samp>&rsquo; is
+overridden by the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">MISSFONT_LOG</span></samp>&rsquo; environment variable or
configuration file value.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-n </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dn-_0040var_007bnum_007d-162"></a><a name="index-maximum-pages-printed-163"></a><a name="index-pages_002c-maximum-printed-164"></a>Print at most <var>num</var> pages. Default is 100000.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-n </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dn-_0040var_007bnum_007d-162"></a><a name="index-maximum-pages-printed-163"></a><a name="index-pages_002c-maximum-printed-164"></a>Print at most <var>num</var> pages. Default is 100000.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-N*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dN-165"></a><a name="index-structured-comments-166"></a><a name="index-TranScript-167"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-not-generating_007d-168"></a>Turns off generation of structured comments such as `<samp><span class="samp">%%Page</span></samp>'; this
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-N*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dN-165"></a><a name="index-structured-comments-166"></a><a name="index-TranScript-167"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-not-generating_007d-168"></a>Turns off generation of structured comments such as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%%Page</span></samp>&rsquo;; this
may be necessary on some systems that try to interpret PostScript
comments in weird ways, or on some PostScript printers. Old versions of
TranScript in particular cannot handle modern Encapsulated PostScript.
Beware: This also disables page movement, etc., in PostScript viewers
such as Ghostview.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-noomega</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dnoomega-169"></a><a name="index-Omega-extensions-170"></a>This will disable the use of Omega extensions when interpreting DVI files.
-By default, the additional opcodes `<samp><span class="samp">129</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">134</span></samp>' are recognized
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-noomega</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dnoomega-169"></a><a name="index-Omega-extensions-170"></a>This will disable the use of Omega extensions when interpreting DVI files.
+By default, the additional opcodes &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">129</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">134</span></samp>&rsquo; are recognized
by Dvips as Omega extensions and interpreted as requests to set 2-byte
characters. The only drawback is that the virtual font array will (at least
temporarily) require 65536 positions instead of the default 256 positions,
i.e., the memory requirements of Dvips will be slightly larger. If you find
this unacceptable or encounter another problem with the Omega extensions,
-you can switch this extension off by using `<samp><span class="samp">-noomega</span></samp>' (but please do
+you can switch this extension off by using &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-noomega</span></samp>&rsquo; (but please do
send a bug report if you find such problems, see <a href="kpathsea.html#Bugs">Bugs</a>).
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-o </span><var>name</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002do-_0040var_007bname_007d-171"></a><a name="index-output_002c-redirecting-172"></a><a name="index-standard-output_002c-output-to-173"></a>Send output to the file <var>name</var>. If `<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>' is specified without
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-o </span><var>name</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002do-_0040var_007bname_007d-171"></a><a name="index-output_002c-redirecting-172"></a><a name="index-standard-output_002c-output-to-173"></a>Send output to the file <var>name</var>. If &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>&rsquo; is specified without
<var>name</var> (i.e., it is the last thing on the command line), the
-default is `<samp><var>file</var><span class="samp">.ps</span></samp>' where the input DVI file was
-`<samp><var>file</var><span class="samp">.dvi</span></samp>'. If `<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>' isn't given at all, the
+default is &lsquo;<samp><var>file</var><span class="samp">.ps</span></samp>&rsquo; where the input DVI file was
+&lsquo;<samp><var>file</var><span class="samp">.dvi</span></samp>&rsquo;. If &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>&rsquo; isn't given at all, the
configuration file default is used.
- <p><a name="index-popen-_0040r_007bfor-output_007d-174"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d-_0040r_007bas-output-filename_007d-175"></a><a name="index-g_t_0021-_0040r_007bstarting-output-filename_007d-176"></a><a name="index-g_t_007c-_0040r_007bstarting-output-filename_007d-177"></a><a name="index-lpr-spooler_002c-MS_002dDOS-emulation-178"></a><a name="index-spooling-to-lpr-on-MS_002dDOS-179"></a>If <var>name</var> is `<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>', output goes to standard output. If the first
-character of <var>name</var> is `<samp><span class="samp">!</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">|</span></samp>', then the remainder will
-be used as an argument to <code>popen</code>; thus, specifying `<samp><span class="samp">|lpr</span></samp>' as
+ <p><a name="index-popen-_0040r_007bfor-output_007d-174"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d-_0040r_007bas-output-filename_007d-175"></a><a name="index-g_t_0021-_0040r_007bstarting-output-filename_007d-176"></a><a name="index-g_t_007c-_0040r_007bstarting-output-filename_007d-177"></a><a name="index-lpr-spooler_002c-MS_002dDOS-emulation-178"></a><a name="index-spooling-to-lpr-on-MS_002dDOS-179"></a>If <var>name</var> is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>&rsquo;, output goes to standard output. If the first
+character of <var>name</var> is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">!</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">|</span></samp>&rsquo;, then the remainder will
+be used as an argument to <code>popen</code>; thus, specifying &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">|lpr</span></samp>&rsquo; as
the output file will automatically queue the file for printing as
usual. (The MS-DOS version will print to the local printer device
-<samp><span class="file">PRN</span></samp> when <var>name</var> is `<samp><span class="samp">|lpr</span></samp>' and a program by that name
+<samp><span class="file">PRN</span></samp> when <var>name</var> is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">|lpr</span></samp>&rsquo; and a program by that name
cannot be found.)
- <p>`<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>' disables the automatic reading of the <code>PRINTER</code>
+ <p>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>&rsquo; disables the automatic reading of the <code>PRINTER</code>
environment variable, and turns off the automatic sending of control-D.
-See the `<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>' option for how to override this.
+See the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>&rsquo; option for how to override this.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-O </span><var>x-offset</var><span class="samp">,</span><var>y-offset</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dO-_0040var_007bx_002doffset_007d_002c_0040var_007by_002doffset_007d-180"></a><a name="index-offset-pages-181"></a><a name="index-printer-offset-182"></a>Move the origin by <var>x-offset</var>,<var>y-offset</var>, a comma-separated
-pair of dimensions such as `<samp><span class="samp">.1in,-.3cm</span></samp>' (see <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a>). The origin of the page is shifted from the default position
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-O </span><var>x-offset</var><span class="samp">,</span><var>y-offset</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dO-_0040var_007bx_002doffset_007d_002c_0040var_007by_002doffset_007d-180"></a><a name="index-offset-pages-181"></a><a name="index-printer-offset-182"></a>Move the origin by <var>x-offset</var>,<var>y-offset</var>, a comma-separated
+pair of dimensions such as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.1in,-.3cm</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a>). The origin of the page is shifted from the default position
(of one inch down, one inch to the right from the upper left corner of
the paper) by this amount. This is usually best specified in the
printer-specific configuration file.
@@ -1028,121 +1040,128 @@ the correct value for your printer. Be sure to do several runs with the
same <code>O</code> value&mdash;some printers vary widely from run to run.
<p><a name="index-bop_002dhook_0040r_007b_002c-and-offset-pages_007d-184"></a>If your printer offsets every other page consistently, instead of every
-page, your best recourse is to use `<samp><span class="samp">bop-hook</span></samp>' (see <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>).
+page, your best recourse is to use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">bop-hook</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>).
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-p [=]</span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dp-_005b_003d_005d_0040var_007bnum_007d-185"></a><a name="index-first-page-printed-186"></a><a name="index-page_002c-first-printed-187"></a><a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-188"></a><a name="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-189"></a>The first page printed will be the first one numbered <var>num</var>. Default
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p [=]</span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dp-_005b_003d_005d_0040var_007bnum_007d-185"></a><a name="index-first-page-printed-186"></a><a name="index-page_002c-first-printed-187"></a><a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-188"></a><a name="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-189"></a>The first page printed will be the first one numbered <var>num</var>. Default
is the first page in the document. If <var>num</var> is prefixed by an
-equals sign, then it (and the argument to the `<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>' option, if
+equals sign, then it (and the argument to the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>&rsquo; option, if
specified) is treated as a physical (absolute) page number, rather than
-a value to compare with the TeX `<samp><span class="samp">\count0</span></samp>' values stored in the
-DVI file. Thus, using `<samp><span class="samp">-p =3</span></samp>' will start with the third page of
+a value to compare with the TeX &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\count0</span></samp>&rsquo; values stored in the
+DVI file. Thus, using &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p =3</span></samp>&rsquo; will start with the third page of
the document, no matter what the pages are actually numbered.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-pp </span><var>first</var><span class="samp">-</span><var>last</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dpp-_0040var_007bfirst_007d_002d_0040var_007blast_007d-190"></a><a name="index-page-range-191"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dpp-_0040var_007brange_007d-192"></a>Print pages <var>first</var> through <var>last</var>; equivalent to `<samp><span class="samp">-p
-</span><var>first</var><span class="samp"> -l </span><var>last</var></samp>', except that multiple `<samp><span class="samp">-pp</span></samp>' options
-accumulate, unlike `<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>'. The `<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>' separator can
-also be `<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>'.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-pp </span><var>first</var><span class="samp">-</span><var>last</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dpp-_0040var_007bfirst_007d_002d_0040var_007blast_007d-190"></a><a name="index-page-range-191"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dpp-_0040var_007brange_007d-192"></a>Print pages <var>first</var> through <var>last</var>; equivalent to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p
+</span><var>first</var><span class="samp"> -l </span><var>last</var></samp>&rsquo;, except that multiple &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-pp</span></samp>&rsquo; options
+accumulate, unlike &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>&rsquo;. The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>&rsquo; separator can
+also be &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>&rsquo;.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-P </span><var>printer</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dP-_0040var_007bprinter_007d-193"></a><a name="index-config_002eps-194"></a>Read the configuration file <samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp>
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-P </span><var>printer</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dP-_0040var_007bprinter_007d-193"></a><a name="index-config_002eps-194"></a>Read the configuration file <samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp>
(<samp><var>printer</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS), which can set the output name
-(most likely `<samp><span class="samp">o |lpr -P</span><var>printer</var></samp>'), resolution, Metafont mode,
+(most likely &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">o |lpr -P</span><var>printer</var></samp>&rsquo;), resolution, Metafont mode,
and perhaps font paths and other printer-specific defaults. It works
-best to put sitewide defaults in the one master `<samp><span class="samp">config.ps</span></samp>' file
+best to put sitewide defaults in the one master &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">config.ps</span></samp>&rsquo; file
and only things that vary printer to printer in the
-`<samp><span class="samp">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp>' files; `<samp><span class="samp">config.ps</span></samp>' is read before
-`<samp><span class="samp">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp>'.
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp>&rsquo; files; &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">config.ps</span></samp>&rsquo; is read before
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp>&rsquo;.
<p>A configuration file for creating Adobe PDF files is provided in
-`<samp><span class="samp">config.pdf</span></samp>' and can be loaded with `<samp><span class="samp">-Ppdf</span></samp>', it will try to
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">config.pdf</span></samp>&rsquo; and can be loaded with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-Ppdf</span></samp>&rsquo;, it will try to
include Type1 outline fonts into the PostScript file
(see <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a>).
- <p>If no `<samp><span class="samp">-P</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>' is given, the environment variable
+ <p>If no &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-P</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>&rsquo; is given, the environment variable
<code>PRINTER</code> is checked. If that variable exists, and a corresponding
<samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp> (<samp><var>printer</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS) file
exists, it is read.
See <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a>.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-q*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dq-195"></a><a name="index-quiet-operation-196"></a><a name="index-silent-operation-197"></a><a name="index-warnings_002c-suppressing-198"></a>Run quietly. Don't chatter about pages converted, etc. to standard
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-q*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dq-195"></a><a name="index-quiet-operation-196"></a><a name="index-silent-operation-197"></a><a name="index-warnings_002c-suppressing-198"></a>Run quietly. Don't chatter about pages converted, etc. to standard
output; report no warnings (only errors) to standard error.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-r*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dr-199"></a><a name="index-reverse-pagination-200"></a>Output pages in reverse order. By default, page 1 is output first.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-r*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dr-199"></a><a name="index-reverse-pagination-200"></a>Output pages in reverse order. By default, page 1 is output first.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dR-201"></a><a name="index-security-202"></a><a name="index-shell-command-execution_002c-disabling-203"></a><a name="index-absolute-filenames_002c-disabling-204"></a>Run securely. `<samp><span class="samp">-R2</span></samp>' disables both shell command execution in
-<code>\special</code> (via `<samp><span class="samp">`</span></samp>', see <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a>)
-and config files (via the `<samp><span class="samp">E</span></samp>' option, see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>) and opening of any absolute filenames. `<samp><span class="samp">-R1</span></samp>', the
-default, forbids shell escapes but allows absolute filenames.
-`<samp><span class="samp">-R0</span></samp>' allows both.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dR-201"></a><a name="index-security-202"></a><a name="index-shell-command-execution_002c-disabling-203"></a><a name="index-absolute-filenames_002c-disabling-204"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040file_007b_002e_002e_007d_002drelative-filenames-205"></a>Run securely. &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-R2</span></samp>&rsquo; disables both shell command execution in
+<code>\special</code> (via &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">`</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a>)
+and config files (via the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">E</span></samp>&rsquo; option, see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>) and opening of any absolute or <samp><span class="file">..</span></samp>-relative
+filenames. &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-R1</span></samp>&rsquo;, the default, forbids shell escapes but allows
+absolute filenames. &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-R0</span></samp>&rsquo; allows both.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-s*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ds-205"></a><a name="index-save_002frestore_002c-generating-global-206"></a>Enclose the output in a global save/restore pair. This causes the file
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-s*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ds-206"></a><a name="index-save_002frestore_002c-generating-global-207"></a>Enclose the output in a global save/restore pair. This causes the file
to not be truly conformant, and is thus not recommended, but is useful
if you are driving a deficient printer directly and thus don't care too
much about the portability of the output to other environments.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-S </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dS-_0040var_007bnum_007d-207"></a>Set the maximum number of pages in each `section'. This option is most
-commonly used with the `<samp><span class="samp">-i</span></samp>' option; see its description above for
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-S </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dS-_0040var_007bnum_007d-208"></a>Set the maximum number of pages in each `section'. This option is most
+commonly used with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-i</span></samp>&rsquo; option; see its description above for
more information.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-t </span><var>papertype</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007bpapertype_007d-208"></a><a name="index-paper-type-209"></a><a name="index-media-210"></a><a name="index-letter-papertype-211"></a><a name="index-legal-papertype-212"></a><a name="index-ledger-papertype-213"></a><a name="index-a4-papertype-214"></a><a name="index-a3-papertype-215"></a><a name="index-landscape-papertype-216"></a><a name="index-papersize-special_002c-and-no-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d-217"></a>Set the paper type to <var>papertype</var>, usually defined in one of the
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-t </span><var>papertype</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007bpapertype_007d-209"></a><a name="index-paper-type-210"></a><a name="index-media-211"></a><a name="index-letter-papertype-212"></a><a name="index-legal-papertype-213"></a><a name="index-ledger-papertype-214"></a><a name="index-a4-papertype-215"></a><a name="index-a3-papertype-216"></a><a name="index-landscape-papertype-217"></a><a name="index-papersize-special_002c-and-no-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d-218"></a>Set the paper type to <var>papertype</var>, usually defined in one of the
configuration files, along with the appropriate PostScript code to
-select it (see <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a>). You can also specify a
-<var>papertype</var> of `<samp><span class="samp">landscape</span></samp>', which rotates a document by 90
-degrees. To rotate a document whose paper type is not the default, you
-can use the `<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>' option twice, once for the paper type, and once
-for `<samp><span class="samp">landscape</span></samp>'. You should not use any `<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>' option when
-TeX writes a `<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>' special, as is done by some LaTeX
-packages, e.g., `<samp><span class="samp">hyperref.sty</span></samp>'.
-
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-T </span><var>hsize</var><span class="samp">,</span><var>vsize</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007bhsize_007d_002c_0040var_007bvsize_007d-218"></a>Set the paper size to (<var>hsize</var>,<var>vsize</var>), a comma-separated
-pair of dimensions such as `<samp><span class="samp">.1in,-.3cm</span></samp>' (see <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a>). It overrides any paper size special in the DVI file. Be
+select it (see <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a>).
+ <ul>
+<li>You can also specify a <var>papertype</var> of &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">landscape</span></samp>&rsquo;,
+which rotates a document by 90 degrees.
+<li>To rotate a document whose paper type is not the default, you
+can use the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>&rsquo; option twice, once for the paper type, and once
+for &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">landscape</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+<li>In general, you should not use any &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>&rsquo; option when
+using a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>&rsquo; special, as some LaTeX packages do, e.g.,
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">hyperref.sty</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+<li>The exception is when using a nonstandard paper size that is not
+already defined in <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>; in this case, you need to specify
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-t&nbsp;unknown</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+</ul>
+
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-T </span><var>hsize</var><span class="samp">,</span><var>vsize</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007bhsize_007d_002c_0040var_007bvsize_007d-219"></a>Set the paper size to (<var>hsize</var>,<var>vsize</var>), a comma-separated
+pair of dimensions such as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.1in,-.3cm</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a>). It overrides any paper size special in the DVI file. Be
careful, as the paper size will stick to a predefined size if there is
-one close enough. To disable this behavior, use `<samp><span class="samp">-tunknown</span></samp>'.
+one close enough. To disable this behavior, use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-tunknown</span></samp>&rsquo;.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-u </span><var>psmapfile</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002du-_0040var_007bpsmapfile_007d-219"></a><a name="index-PostScript-font-alias-file-220"></a><a name="index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-221"></a>Set <var>psmapfile</var> to be the file that dvips uses for looking up
-PostScript font aliases. If <var>psmapfile</var> begins with a `<samp><span class="samp">+</span></samp>'
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-u </span><var>psmapfile</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002du-_0040var_007bpsmapfile_007d-220"></a><a name="index-PostScript-font-alias-file-221"></a><a name="index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-222"></a>Set <var>psmapfile</var> to be the file that dvips uses for looking up
+PostScript font aliases. If <var>psmapfile</var> begins with a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">+</span></samp>&rsquo;
character, then the rest of the name is used as the name of the map file,
and the map file is appended to the list of map files (instead of replacing
-the list). In either case, if the name has no extension, then `<samp><span class="samp">.map</span></samp>'
+the list). In either case, if the name has no extension, then &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.map</span></samp>&rsquo;
is added at the end.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-U*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dU-222"></a><a name="index-Xerox-4045-223"></a>Disable a PostScript virtual memory-saving optimization that stores the
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-U*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dU-223"></a><a name="index-Xerox-4045-224"></a>Disable a PostScript virtual memory-saving optimization that stores the
character metric information in the same string that is used to store
the bitmap information. This is only necessary when driving the Xerox
4045 PostScript interpreter, which has a bug that puts garbage on the
bottom of each character. Not recommended unless you must drive this
printer.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dv-224"></a>Print the dvips version number and exit.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dv-225"></a>Print the dvips version number and exit.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-V*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dV-225"></a>Download non-resident PostScript fonts as bitmaps. This requires use
-<a name="index-mtpk-226"></a><a name="index-gsftopk-227"></a><a name="index-pstopk-228"></a>of <code>mtpk</code> or <code>gsftopk</code> or <code>pstopk</code> or some combination
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-V*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dV-226"></a>Download non-resident PostScript fonts as bitmaps. This requires use
+<a name="index-mtpk-227"></a><a name="index-gsftopk-228"></a><a name="index-pstopk-229"></a>of <code>mtpk</code> or <code>gsftopk</code> or <code>pstopk</code> or some combination
thereof to generate the required bitmap fonts; these programs are
supplied with Dvips. The bitmap must be put into <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> as
the downloadable file for that font. This is useful only for those
fonts for which you do not have real outlines, being downloaded to
printers that have no resident fonts, i.e., very rarely.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-x </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dx-_0040var_007bnum_007d-229"></a><a name="index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI-230"></a>Set the magnification ratio to <var>num</var>/1000. Overrides
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-x </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dx-_0040var_007bnum_007d-230"></a><a name="index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI-231"></a>Set the magnification ratio to <var>num</var>/1000. Overrides
the magnification specified in the DVI file. Must be between 10 and
100000. It is recommended that you use standard magstep values (1095,
1200, 1440, 1728, 2074, 2488, 2986, and so on) to help reduce the total
number of PK files generated. <var>num</var> may be a real number, not an
integer, for increased precision.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-X </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dX-_0040var_007bnum_007d-231"></a><a name="index-resolution-232"></a>Set the horizontal resolution in dots per inch to <var>num</var>.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-X </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dX-_0040var_007bnum_007d-232"></a><a name="index-resolution-233"></a>Set the horizontal resolution in dots per inch to <var>num</var>.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-y </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-magnification_002c-vertical-233"></a>Set the magnification ratio to <var>num</var>/1000 times the
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-y </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-magnification_002c-vertical-234"></a>Set the magnification ratio to <var>num</var>/1000 times the
magnification specified in the DVI file. See
-`<samp><span class="samp">-x</span></samp>' above.
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-x</span></samp>&rsquo; above.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-Y </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dY-_0040var_007bnum_007d-234"></a>Set the vertical resolution in dots per inch to <var>num.</var>
-<a name="index-resolution-235"></a>
-<br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-z*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dz-_0040r_007bfor-recognizing-hyperdvi_007d-236"></a><a name="index-hyperdvi-extensions_002c-enabling-237"></a><a name="index-distillation_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dz_007d-238"></a><a name="index-PDF-files_002c-option-for-239"></a><a name="index-html-_0040r_007bspecials_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dz_007d_007d-240"></a>Pass `<samp><span class="samp">html</span></samp>' hyperdvi specials through to the output for eventual
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-Y </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dY-_0040var_007bnum_007d-235"></a>Set the vertical resolution in dots per inch to <var>num.</var>
+<a name="index-resolution-236"></a>
+<br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-z*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dz-_0040r_007bfor-recognizing-hyperdvi_007d-237"></a><a name="index-hyperdvi-extensions_002c-enabling-238"></a><a name="index-distillation_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dz_007d-239"></a><a name="index-PDF-files_002c-option-for-240"></a><a name="index-html-_0040r_007bspecials_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dz_007d_007d-241"></a>Pass &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">html</span></samp>&rsquo; hyperdvi specials through to the output for eventual
distillation into PDF. This is not enabled by default to avoid
including the header files unnecessarily, and use of temporary files in
creating the output. See <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a>.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-Z*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dZ-_0040r_007bfor-compressing-bitmap-fonts_007d-241"></a><a name="index-compressing-bitmap-fonts-242"></a>Compress bitmap fonts in the output file, thereby reducing the size of
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-Z*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dZ-_0040r_007bfor-compressing-bitmap-fonts_007d-242"></a><a name="index-compressing-bitmap-fonts-243"></a>Compress bitmap fonts in the output file, thereby reducing the size of
what gets downloaded. Especially useful at high resolutions or when
very large fonts are used. May slow down printing, especially on early
68000-based PostScript printers. Generally recommend today, and can be
@@ -1161,7 +1180,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a>
<h3 class="section">3.3 Environment variables</h3>
-<p><a name="index-environment-variables-243"></a>
+<p><a name="index-environment-variables-244"></a>
Dvips looks for many environment variables, to define search paths and
other things. The path variables are read as needed, after all
configuration files are read, so they override values in the
@@ -1174,34 +1193,42 @@ Kpathsea-using programs. Only the environment variables specific to
Dvips are mentioned here.
<dl>
-<dt><code>DVIPSFONTS</code><a name="index-DVIPSFONTS-244"></a><dd>Default path to search for all fonts. Overrides all the font path
+<dt><code>DVIPSDEBUG</code><a name="index-DVIPSDEBUG-245"></a><dd><a name="index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-246"></a>Write the absolute path names of any configuration or map files to
+standard output, for debugging. This isn't done by default because
+these files are read even before the banner is printed. For
+voluminous additional debugging, set the environment variable
+<samp><span class="env">KPATHSEA_DEBUG</span></samp> to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>&rsquo;
+(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Debugging">Debugging</a>). (If <samp><span class="env">KPATHSEA_DEBUG</span></samp> is
+set to any value, it automatically turns on <samp><span class="env">DVIPSDEBUG</span></samp>.)
+
+ <br><dt><code>DVIPSFONTS</code><a name="index-DVIPSFONTS-247"></a><dd>Default path to search for all fonts. Overrides all the font path
config file options and other environment variables (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>).
- <br><dt><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code><a name="index-DVIPSHEADERS-245"></a><dd>Default path to search for PostScript header files. Overrides the `<samp><span class="samp">H</span></samp>'
+ <br><dt><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code><a name="index-DVIPSHEADERS-248"></a><dd>Default path to search for PostScript header files. Overrides the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">H</span></samp>&rsquo;
config file option (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>).
- <br><dt><code>DVIPSMAKEPK</code><a name="index-DVIPSMAKEPK-246"></a><dd><a name="index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-changing-name_007d-247"></a>Overrides `<samp><span class="samp">mktexpk</span></samp>' as the name of the program to invoke to
+ <br><dt><code>DVIPSMAKEPK</code><a name="index-DVIPSMAKEPK-249"></a><dd><a name="index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-changing-name_007d-250"></a>Overrides &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mktexpk</span></samp>&rsquo; as the name of the program to invoke to
create missing PK fonts. You can change the arguments passed to the
<code>mktexpk</code> program with the <code>MAKETEXPK</code> environment
variable; see <a href="kpathsea.html#MakeTeX-script-arguments">MakeTeX script arguments</a>.
- <br><dt><code>DVIPSRC</code><a name="index-DVIPSRC-248"></a><dd>Specifies the name of the startup file (see <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a>) which is read after <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> but before any
+ <br><dt><code>DVIPSRC</code><a name="index-DVIPSRC-251"></a><dd>Specifies the name of the startup file (see <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a>) which is read after <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> but before any
printer-specific configuration files.
- <br><dt><code>DVIPSSIZES</code><a name="index-DVIPSSIZES-249"></a><dd><a name="index-last_002dresort-font-scaling_002c-with-_0040code_007bDVIPSSIZES_007d-250"></a>Last-resort sizes for scaling of unfound fonts. Overrides the `<samp><span class="samp">R</span></samp>'
+ <br><dt><code>DVIPSSIZES</code><a name="index-DVIPSSIZES-252"></a><dd><a name="index-last_002dresort-font-scaling_002c-with-_0040code_007bDVIPSSIZES_007d-253"></a>Last-resort sizes for scaling of unfound fonts. Overrides the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">R</span></samp>&rsquo;
definition in config files (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>).
- <br><dt><code>PRINTER</code><a name="index-PRINTER-251"></a><dd>Determine the default printer configuration file. (Dvips itself does
+ <br><dt><code>PRINTER</code><a name="index-PRINTER-254"></a><dd>Determine the default printer configuration file. (Dvips itself does
not use <code>PRINTER</code> to determine the output destination in any way.)
- <br><dt><code>TEXCONFIG</code><a name="index-TEXCONFIG-252"></a><dd><a name="index-configuration-file-path-253"></a>Path to search for Dvips' <samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp> configuration
+ <br><dt><code>TEXCONFIG</code><a name="index-TEXCONFIG-255"></a><dd><a name="index-configuration-file-path-256"></a>Path to search for Dvips' <samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp> configuration
files, including the base <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>. Using this single
environment variable, you can override everything else. (The
printer-specific configuration files are called <samp><var>printer</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp>
on MS-DOS, but <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> is called by that name on all
platforms.)
- <br><dt><code>TEXPICTS</code><a name="index-TEXPICTS-254"></a><dd>Path to search for included graphics files. Overrides the `<samp><span class="samp">S</span></samp>'
+ <br><dt><code>TEXPICTS</code><a name="index-TEXPICTS-257"></a><dd>Path to search for included graphics files. Overrides the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">S</span></samp>&rsquo;
config file option (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>). If not set,
<code>TEXINPUTS</code> is looked for. See <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>.
@@ -1217,7 +1244,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a>
<h3 class="section">3.4 Dvips configuration files</h3>
-<p><a name="index-configuration-files-255"></a>
+<p><a name="index-configuration-files-258"></a>
This section describes in detail the Dvips-specific <samp><span class="file">config.*</span></samp>
device configuration files (called <samp><span class="file">*.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS), which
override the <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp>
@@ -1242,17 +1269,17 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Config-files">Config files</a>
<h4 class="subsection">3.4.1 Configuration file searching</h4>
-<p><a name="index-configuration-file-searching-256"></a><a name="index-searching-config-files_002c-order-of-257"></a>
+<p><a name="index-configuration-file-searching-259"></a><a name="index-searching-config-files_002c-order-of-260"></a>
The Dvips program loads many different configuration files, so that
parameters can be set globally across the system, on a per-device basis,
or individually by each user.
<ol type=1 start=1>
-<li><a name="index-config_002eps_0040r_007b_002c-searched-for_007d-258"></a>Dvips first reads (if it exists) <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>; it is searched for
+<li><a name="index-config_002eps_0040r_007b_002c-searched-for_007d-261"></a>Dvips first reads (if it exists) <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>; it is searched for
along the path for Dvips configuration files, as described in
<a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>.
- <li><a name="index-g_t_002edvipsrc_0040r_007b_002c-searched-for_007d-259"></a>A user-specific startup file is loaded, so individual users can override
+ <li><a name="index-g_t_002edvipsrc_0040r_007b_002c-searched-for_007d-262"></a>A user-specific startup file is loaded, so individual users can override
any options set in the global file. The environment variable
<code>DVIPSRC</code>, if defined, is used as the specification of the startup
file. If this variable is undefined, Dvips uses a platform-specific
@@ -1264,17 +1291,17 @@ searched for along the path for Dvips configuration files (as described
in <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>.); users are
expected to set this path as they see fit for their taste.
- <li><a name="index-g_t_002dP_0040var_007bprinter_007d_0040r_007b_002c-and-config-file-searching_007d-260"></a>The command line is read and parsed: if the `<samp><span class="samp">-P</span><var>device</var></samp>' option
+ <li><a name="index-g_t_002dP_0040var_007bprinter_007d_0040r_007b_002c-and-config-file-searching_007d-263"></a>The command line is read and parsed: if the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-P</span><var>device</var></samp>&rsquo; option
is encountered, at that point <samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>device</var></samp> is loaded.
Thus, the printer configuration file can override anything in the
site-wide or user configuration file, and it can also override options
-in the command line up to the point that the `<samp><span class="samp">-P</span></samp>' option was
+in the command line up to the point that the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-P</span></samp>&rsquo; option was
encountered. (On MS-DOS, the printer configuration files are called
<samp><var>device</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp>, since DOS doesn't allow more than 3 characters
after the dot in filenames.)
- <li><a name="index-PRINTER_0040r_007b_002c-and-config-file-searching_007d-261"></a>If no `<samp><span class="samp">-P</span></samp>' option was specified, and also the `<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>' and
-`<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>' command line options were not used, Dvips checks the
+ <li><a name="index-PRINTER_0040r_007b_002c-and-config-file-searching_007d-264"></a>If no &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-P</span></samp>&rsquo; option was specified, and also the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>&rsquo; and
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>&rsquo; command line options were not used, Dvips checks the
environment variable <code>PRINTER</code>. If it exists, then
<samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>$PRINTER</var></samp> (<samp><var>$PRINTER</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS) is
loaded (if it exists).
@@ -1292,20 +1319,20 @@ to be found before the system's.
overridden by configuration files:
<dl>
-<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-D</span></samp>'<dd>As well as setting the resolution, this unsets the mode, if the mode was
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-D</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>As well as setting the resolution, this unsets the mode, if the mode was
previously set from a configuration file. If <samp><span class="file">config.$PRINTER</span></samp> is
-read, however, any `<samp><span class="samp">D</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">M</span></samp>' lines from there will take
+read, however, any &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">D</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">M</span></samp>&rsquo; lines from there will take
effect.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-mode</span></samp>'<dd>This overrides any mode setting (`<samp><span class="samp">M</span></samp>' line) in configuration files.
-`<samp><span class="samp">-mode</span></samp>' does not affect the resolution.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-mode</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>This overrides any mode setting (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">M</span></samp>&rsquo; line) in configuration files.
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-mode</span></samp>&rsquo; does not affect the resolution.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>'<dd>This overrides any output setting (`<samp><span class="samp">o</span></samp>' line) in configuration files.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>This overrides any output setting (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">o</span></samp>&rsquo; line) in configuration files.
</dl>
<p>The purpose of these special cases is to (1) minimize the chance of
-having a mismatched mode and resolution (which `<samp><span class="samp">mktexpk</span></samp>' cannot
+having a mismatched mode and resolution (which &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mktexpk</span></samp>&rsquo; cannot
resolve), and (2) let command-line options override config files where
possible.
@@ -1319,49 +1346,49 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Config-files">Config files</a>
<h4 class="subsection">3.4.2 Configuration file commands</h4>
-<p><a name="index-configuration-file-options-262"></a><a name="index-Dvips-configuration-file-options-263"></a>
+<p><a name="index-configuration-file-options-265"></a><a name="index-Dvips-configuration-file-options-266"></a>
Most of the configuration file commands are similar to corresponding
command line options, but there are a few exceptions. When they are the
same, we omit the description here.
<p>As with command line options, many may be turned off by suffixing the
-letter with a zero (`<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>').
+letter with a zero (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>&rsquo;).
- <p><a name="index-comments_002c-in-configuration-files-264"></a><a name="index-continuation-lines_002c-not-supported-265"></a>Within a configuration file, empty lines, and lines starting with a
+ <p><a name="index-comments_002c-in-configuration-files-267"></a><a name="index-continuation-lines_002c-not-supported-268"></a>Within a configuration file, empty lines, and lines starting with a
space, asterisk, equal sign, percent sign, or pound sign are ignored.
There is no provision for continuation lines.
<dl>
-<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">@ </span><var>name hsize vsize</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_0040_0040-_0040r_007bpaper-size-config-command_007d-266"></a>Define paper sizes. See <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a>.
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">@ </span><var>name hsize vsize</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_0040_0040-_0040r_007bpaper-size-config-command_007d-269"></a>Define paper sizes. See <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a>.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">a*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-a-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028memory-conservation_0029_007d-267"></a>Memory conservation. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-a</span></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">a*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-a-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028memory-conservation_0029_007d-270"></a>Memory conservation. Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-a</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">b </span><var>#copies</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-b-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028_0023copies_0029_007d-268"></a>Multiple copies. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-b</span></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">b </span><var>#copies</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-b-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028_0023copies_0029_007d-271"></a>Multiple copies. Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-b</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">D </span><var>dpi</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-D-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028dpi_0029_007d-269"></a>Output resolution. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-D</span></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">D </span><var>dpi</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-D-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028dpi_0029_007d-272"></a>Output resolution. Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-D</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">e </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-e-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028maxdrift_0029_007d-270"></a>Max drift. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-e</span></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">e </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-e-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028maxdrift_0029_007d-273"></a>Max drift. Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-e</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">E </span><var>command</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-E-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028shell-escape_0029_007d-271"></a><a name="index-system-_0040r_007bin-config-file_007d-272"></a><a name="index-datestamp_002c-in-output-273"></a><a name="index-shell-escape_002c-in-config-file-274"></a>Executes the command listed with <code>system</code>(3); can be used to get
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">E </span><var>command</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-E-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028shell-escape_0029_007d-274"></a><a name="index-system-_0040r_007bin-config-file_007d-275"></a><a name="index-datestamp_002c-in-output-276"></a><a name="index-shell-escape_002c-in-config-file-277"></a>Executes the command listed with <code>system</code>(3); can be used to get
the current date into a header file for inclusion, for instance.
Possibly dangerous; this may be disabled, in which case a warning will
be printed if the option is used (and warnings are not suppressed).
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">f*</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">F</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-f-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028filter_0029_007d-275"></a><a name="index-F-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028filter_0029_007d-276"></a>Run as a filter. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">f*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">F</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-f-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028filter_0029_007d-278"></a><a name="index-F-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028filter_0029_007d-279"></a>Run as a filter. Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">h </span><var>header</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-h-_0040r_007bheader-downloading-config-command_007d-277"></a>Prepend <var>header</var> to output. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">h-</span></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">h </span><var>header</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-h-_0040r_007bheader-downloading-config-command_007d-280"></a>Prepend <var>header</var> to output. Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">h-</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">H </span><var>path</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-H-_0040r_007bheader-path-config-command_007d-278"></a><a name="index-header-path_002c-defining-279"></a><a name="index-DVIPSHEADERS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-H-280"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for PostScript header files. The environment
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">H </span><var>path</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-H-_0040r_007bheader-path-config-command_007d-281"></a><a name="index-header-path_002c-defining-282"></a><a name="index-DVIPSHEADERS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-H-283"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for PostScript header files. The environment
variable <code>DVIPSHEADERS</code> overrides this.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">i </span><var>n</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-i-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028pages_002fsection_0029_007d-281"></a>Make multiple output files. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-i -S </span><var>n</var></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">i </span><var>n</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-i-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028pages_002fsection_0029_007d-284"></a>Make multiple output files. Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-i -S </span><var>n</var></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">j*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-j-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028partial-font-downloading_0029_007d-282"></a>Partially download Type 1 fonts. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-j</span></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">j*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-j-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028partial-font-downloading_0029_007d-285"></a>Partially download Type 1 fonts. Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-j</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">K*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-K-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028comment_002dremoveal_0029_007d-283"></a>Remove comments from included PostScript files. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-K</span></samp>',
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">K*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-K-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028comment_002dremoveal_0029_007d-286"></a>Remove comments from included PostScript files. Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-K</span></samp>&rsquo;,
see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">m </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-m-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028available-memory_0029_007d-284"></a><a name="index-memory-available-285"></a><a name="index-printer-memory-286"></a>Declare <var>num</var> as the memory available for fonts and strings in the
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">m </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-m-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028available-memory_0029_007d-287"></a><a name="index-memory-available-288"></a><a name="index-printer-memory-289"></a>Declare <var>num</var> as the memory available for fonts and strings in the
printer. Default is 180000. This value must be accurate if memory
conservation and document splitting is to work correctly. To determine
this value, send the following file to the printer:
@@ -1369,7 +1396,7 @@ this value, send the following file to the printer:
<pre class="example"> %! Hey, we're PostScript
/Times-Roman findfont 30 scalefont setfont 144 432 moveto
vmstatus exch sub 40 string cvs show pop showpage
- </pre>
+</pre>
<p class="noindent">The number printed by this file is the total memory free; it is usually
best to tell Dvips that the printer has slightly less memory, because
many programs download permanent macros that can reduce the memory in
@@ -1378,89 +1405,89 @@ memory available to a PostScript interpreter, in which case this file
might return a ridiculously low number; for example, the NeXT computer
and Ghostscript. In these cases, a value of one million works fine.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">M </span><var>mode</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-M-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028mf-mode_0029_007d-287"></a>Metafont mode. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-mode</span></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">M </span><var>mode</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-M-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028mf-mode_0029_007d-290"></a>Metafont mode. Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-mode</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">N*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-N-_0040r_007bEPS_002ddisabling-config-command_007d-288"></a>Disable structured comments. Beware: This also turns off displaying
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">N*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-N-_0040r_007bEPS_002ddisabling-config-command_007d-291"></a>Disable structured comments. Beware: This also turns off displaying
page numbers or changing to specific pagenumbers in PostScript viewers.
-Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-N</span></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-N</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">o </span><var>name</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-o-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028output-file_0029_007d-289"></a><a name="index-output-file_002c-setting-290"></a>Send output to <var>name</var>. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">o </span><var>name</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-o-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028output-file_0029_007d-292"></a><a name="index-output-file_002c-setting-293"></a>Send output to <var>name</var>. Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
In the file <samp><span class="file">config.foo</span></samp>, a setting like this is probably
appropriate:
<pre class="example"> o |lpr -Pfoo
- </pre>
+</pre>
<p>The MS-DOS version will emulate spooling to <code>lpr</code> by printing to
the local printer device <samp><span class="file">PRN</span></samp> if it doesn't find an executable
program by that name in the current directory or along the <code>PATH</code>.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">O </span><var>xoff</var><span class="samp">,</span><var>yoff</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-O-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028offset_0029_007d-291"></a>Origin offset. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-O</span></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">O </span><var>xoff</var><span class="samp">,</span><var>yoff</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-O-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028offset_0029_007d-294"></a>Origin offset. Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-O</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">p [+]</span><var>name</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-p-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028font-aliases_0029_007d-292"></a><a name="index-PostScript-font-alias-file-293"></a><a name="index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-294"></a><a name="index-g_t_002b_0040var_007bpsmapfile_007d-295"></a>Examine <var>name</var> for PostScript font aliases. Default is
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">p [+]</span><var>name</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-p-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028font-aliases_0029_007d-295"></a><a name="index-PostScript-font-alias-file-296"></a><a name="index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-297"></a><a name="index-g_t_002b_0040var_007bpsmapfile_007d-298"></a>Examine <var>name</var> for PostScript font aliases. Default is
<samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>. This option allows you to specify different resident
fonts that different printers may have. If <var>name</var> starts with a
-`<samp><span class="samp">+</span></samp>' character, then the rest of the name (after any leading spaces)
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">+</span></samp>&rsquo; character, then the rest of the name (after any leading spaces)
is used as an additional map file; thus, it is possible to have local
map files pointed to by local configuration files that append to the
global map file. This can be used for font families.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">P </span><var>path</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-P-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028PK-path_0029_007d-296"></a><a name="index-PKFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-297"></a><a name="index-TEXPKS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-298"></a><a name="index-GLYPHFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-299"></a><a name="index-TEXFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-300"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for bitmap PK font files is <var>path</var>. The
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">P </span><var>path</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-P-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028PK-path_0029_007d-299"></a><a name="index-PKFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-300"></a><a name="index-TEXPKS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-301"></a><a name="index-GLYPHFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-302"></a><a name="index-TEXFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-303"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for bitmap PK font files is <var>path</var>. The
<code>PKFONTS</code>, <code>TEXPKS</code>, <code>GLYPHFONTS</code>, and <code>TEXFONTS</code>
environment variables override this. See <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">q*</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">Q</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-q-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028quiet_0029_007d-301"></a><a name="index-Q-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028quiet_0029_007d-302"></a>Run quietly. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-q</span></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">q*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Q</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-q-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028quiet_0029_007d-304"></a><a name="index-Q-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028quiet_0029_007d-305"></a>Run quietly. Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-q</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">r*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-r-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028page-reversal_0029_007d-303"></a>Page reversal. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-r</span></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">r*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-r-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028page-reversal_0029_007d-306"></a>Page reversal. Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-r</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">R </span><var>num1 num2 <small class="dots">...</small></var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-R-_0040r_007bfallback-resolution-config-command_007d-304"></a><a name="index-fallback-resolutions-305"></a><a name="index-default-resolutions-306"></a><a name="index-last_002dresort-scaling_002c-with-_0040code_007bR_007d-307"></a>Define the list of default resolutions for PK fonts. If a font size
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">R </span><var>num1 num2 <small class="dots">...</small></var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-R-_0040r_007bfallback-resolution-config-command_007d-307"></a><a name="index-fallback-resolutions-308"></a><a name="index-default-resolutions-309"></a><a name="index-last_002dresort-scaling_002c-with-_0040code_007bR_007d-310"></a>Define the list of default resolutions for PK fonts. If a font size
actually used in a document is not available and cannot be created,
Dvips will scale the font found at the closest of these resolutions to
the requested size, using PostScript scaling. The resulting output may
be ugly, and thus a warning is issued. To turn this last-resort scaling
-off, use a line with just the `<samp><span class="samp">R</span></samp>' and no numbers.
+off, use a line with just the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">R</span></samp>&rsquo; and no numbers.
<p>The given numbers must be sorted in increasing order; any number smaller
than the preceding one is ignored. This is because it is better to
scale a font up than down; scaling down can obliterate small features in
the character shape.
- <p><a name="index-DVIPSSIZES_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-R-308"></a><a name="index-TEXSIZES_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-R-309"></a>The environment and config file values `<samp><span class="samp">DVIPSSIZES</span></samp>' or
-`<samp><span class="samp">TEXSIZES</span></samp>' override this configuration file setting.
+ <p><a name="index-DVIPSSIZES_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-R-311"></a><a name="index-TEXSIZES_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-R-312"></a>The environment and config file values &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">DVIPSSIZES</span></samp>&rsquo; or
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">TEXSIZES</span></samp>&rsquo; override this configuration file setting.
- <p><a name="index-default_005ftexsizes-_0040r_007bMake-variable_007d-310"></a>If no `<samp><span class="samp">R</span></samp>' settings or environment variables are specified, a list
+ <p><a name="index-default_005ftexsizes-_0040r_007bMake-variable_007d-313"></a>If no &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">R</span></samp>&rsquo; settings or environment variables are specified, a list
compiled in during installation is used. This default list is defined by
-the Makefile variable `<samp><span class="samp">default_texsizes</span></samp>', defined in the file
+the Makefile variable &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">default_texsizes</span></samp>&rsquo;, defined in the file
<samp><span class="file">make/paths.make</span></samp>.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">s*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-s-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028save_002frestore_0029_007d-311"></a>Output global save/restore. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-s</span></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">s*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-s-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028save_002frestore_0029_007d-314"></a>Output global save/restore. Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-s</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">S </span><var>path</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-S-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028pict-path_0029_007d-312"></a><a name="index-TEXPICTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-S-313"></a><a name="index-TEXINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-S-314"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for special illustrations (Encapsulated
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">S </span><var>path</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-S-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028pict-path_0029_007d-315"></a><a name="index-TEXPICTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-S-316"></a><a name="index-TEXINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-S-317"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for special illustrations (Encapsulated
PostScript files or psfiles). The <code>TEXPICTS</code> and then
<code>TEXINPUTS</code> environment variables override this.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">T </span><var>path</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-T-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028TFM-path_0029_007d-315"></a><a name="index-TFMFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-T-316"></a><a name="index-TEXFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-T-317"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for TFM files. The <code>TFMFONTS</code> and then
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">T </span><var>path</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-T-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028TFM-path_0029_007d-318"></a><a name="index-TFMFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-T-319"></a><a name="index-TEXFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-T-320"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for TFM files. The <code>TFMFONTS</code> and then
<code>TEXFONTS</code> environment variables overrides this. This path is used
for resident fonts and fonts that can't otherwise be found.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">U*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-U-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028Xerox-4045_0029_007d-318"></a>Work around bug in Xerox 4045 printer. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-U</span></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">U*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-U-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028Xerox-4045_0029_007d-321"></a>Work around bug in Xerox 4045 printer. Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-U</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">V </span><var>path</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-V-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028vf-path_0029_007d-319"></a><a name="index-virtual-font-path-320"></a><a name="index-device-dependency_002c-and-virtual-fonts-321"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for virtual font files. This may be
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">V </span><var>path</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-V-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028vf-path_0029_007d-322"></a><a name="index-virtual-font-path-323"></a><a name="index-device-dependency_002c-and-virtual-fonts-324"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for virtual font files. This may be
device-dependent if you use virtual fonts to simulate actual fonts on
different devices.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">W [</span><var>string</var><span class="roman">]</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-W-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028warning_0029_007d-322"></a><a name="index-warning-messages_002c-defining-323"></a>If <var>string</var> is supplied, write it to standard error after reading
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">W [</span><var>string</var><span class="roman">]</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-W-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028warning_0029_007d-325"></a><a name="index-warning-messages_002c-defining-326"></a>If <var>string</var> is supplied, write it to standard error after reading
all the configuration files; with no <var>string</var>, cancel any previous
-`<samp><span class="samp">W</span></samp>' message. This is useful in the default configuration file to
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">W</span></samp>&rsquo; message. This is useful in the default configuration file to
remind users to specify a printer, for instance, or to notify users
about special characteristics of a particular printer.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">X </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-X-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028horizontal-resolution_0029_007d-324"></a>Horizontal resolution. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-X</span></samp>' (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>).
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">X </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-X-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028horizontal-resolution_0029_007d-327"></a>Horizontal resolution. Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-X</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>).
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">Y </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-Y-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028vertical-resolution_0029_007d-325"></a>Vertical resolution. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-Y</span></samp>' (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>).
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Y </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-Y-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028vertical-resolution_0029_007d-328"></a>Vertical resolution. Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-Y</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>).
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">Z*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-Z-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028compression_0029_007d-326"></a>Compress bitmap fonts. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-Z</span></samp>' (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>).
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Z*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-Z-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028compression_0029_007d-329"></a>Compress bitmap fonts. Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-Z</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>).
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">z*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-z-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028secure-mode_0029_007d-327"></a>Disables execution of system commands, like `<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>'
-(see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). If `<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>' is specified
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">z*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-z-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028secure-mode_0029_007d-330"></a>Disables execution of system commands, like &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>&rsquo;
+(see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). If &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>&rsquo; is specified
on the command line, that takes precedence.
</dl>
@@ -1476,13 +1503,13 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<h2 class="chapter">4 Paper size and landscape orientation</h2>
-<p><a name="index-paper-size_002c-general-328"></a>
+<p><a name="index-paper-size_002c-general-331"></a>
Most TeX documents at a particular site are designed to use the
-standard paper size (letter size in the United States, A4 in Europe).
-The Dvips program can be customized either sitewide or for a particular
-printer.
+local standard paper size (letter size in the United States, A4 in
+Europe). The Dvips program can be customized either sitewide or for a
+particular printer.
- <p><a name="index-landscape-orientation_002c-defined-329"></a>But many documents are designed for other paper sizes. For instance,
+ <p><a name="index-landscape-orientation_002c-defined-332"></a><a name="index-portrait-orientation_002c-defined-333"></a>But many documents are designed for other paper sizes. For instance,
you may want to design a document that has the long edge of the paper
horizontal. This can be useful when typesetting booklets, brochures,
complex tables, or many other documents. This type of paper orientation
@@ -1490,14 +1517,15 @@ is called <dfn>landscape</dfn> orientation (the default orientation is
<dfn>portrait</dfn>). Alternatively, a document might be designed for ledger
or A3 paper.
- <p>Since the intended paper size is a document design decision, not a
-printing decision, such information should be given in the TeX file
-and not on the Dvips command line. For this reason, Dvips supports a
-`<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>' special. It is hoped that this special will become
-standard over time for TeX previewers and other printer drivers.
+ <p>Since the intended paper size in these cases is a document design
+decision, not a printing decision, such information should be given in
+the TeX file and not on the Dvips command line. For this reason,
+Dvips supports a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>&rsquo; special. It is hoped that this
+special will become standard over time for TeX previewers and other
+printer drivers.
- <p>Some LaTeX packages, e.g., `<samp><span class="samp">hyperref.sty</span></samp>', write a
-`<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>' special into the DVI file. In this case, you need
+ <p>Some LaTeX packages, e.g., &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">hyperref.sty</span></samp>&rsquo;, write a
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>&rsquo; special into the DVI file. In this case, you need
not and should not attempt to override it manually.
<ul class="menu">
@@ -1514,10 +1542,10 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size a
</div>
-<h3 class="section">4.1 `<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>' special</h3>
+<h3 class="section">4.1 &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>&rsquo; special</h3>
-<p><a name="index-papersize-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-330"></a>
-The format of the `<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>' special is
+<p><a name="index-papersize-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-334"></a>
+The format of the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>&rsquo; special is
<pre class="example"> \special{papersize=<var>width</var>,<var>height</var>}
</pre>
@@ -1527,7 +1555,7 @@ namely, in (inches), cm (centimeters), mm (millimeters), pt (points), sp
(scaled points), bp (big points, the same as the default PostScript
unit), pc (picas), dd (didot points), and cc (ciceros).
- <p><a name="index-landscape_0040r_007b_002c-as-_0040code_007b_005cspecial_007d_007d-331"></a>For a US letter size landscape document, the <code>papersize</code> would be:
+ <p><a name="index-landscape_0040r_007b_002c-as-_0040code_007b_005cspecial_007d_007d-335"></a>For a US letter size landscape document, the <code>papersize</code> would be:
<pre class="example"> \special{papersize=11in,8.5in}
</pre>
<p class="noindent">An alternate specification of <code>landscape</code>:
@@ -1540,8 +1568,13 @@ reventually the <code>papersize</code> comment will dominate.
paper size; you must also adjust <code>\hsize</code> and <code>\vsize</code> in your
TeX document typeset to those dimensions.
+ <p><a name="index-unknown_0040r_007b_002c-paper-format-for-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d_007d-336"></a>When using the <code>papersize</code> special, you generally should not also
+specify <code>-t</code> on the command line (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). The
+exception is when using a nonstandard paper size that isn't
+predefined; in this case, use <code>-t&nbsp;unknown</code>.
+
<p>The <code>papersize</code> special must occur somewhere on the first page of
-the document.
+the document. Some packages, notably &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">hyperref</span></samp>&rsquo;, insert this special.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
@@ -1554,20 +1587,20 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size a
<h3 class="section">4.2 Configuration file paper size command</h3>
-<p><a name="index-paper-size-configuration-file-command-332"></a><a name="index-configuration-file-paper-size-command-333"></a>
-The `<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>' command in a configuration file sets the paper size
-defaults and options. The first `<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>' command defines the default
+<p><a name="index-paper-size-configuration-file-command-337"></a><a name="index-configuration-file-paper-size-command-338"></a>
+The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>&rsquo; command in a configuration file sets the paper size
+defaults and options. The first &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>&rsquo; command defines the default
paper size. It has three possible parameters:
<pre class="example"> @ <span class="roman">[</span><var>name</var> <span class="roman">[</span><var>hsize</var> <var>vsize</var><span class="roman">]]</span>
</pre>
- <p>If `<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>' is specified on a line by itself, with no parameters, it
+ <p>If &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>&rsquo; is specified on a line by itself, with no parameters, it
instructs Dvips to discard all previous paper size information (possibly
from another configuration file).
<p>If three parameters are given, with the first parameter being a name and
-the second and third being a dimension (as in `<samp><span class="samp">8.5in</span></samp>' or
-`<samp><span class="samp">3.2cc</span></samp>', just like in the `<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>' special), then the
+the second and third being a dimension (as in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">8.5in</span></samp>&rsquo; or
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">3.2cc</span></samp>&rsquo;, just like in the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>&rsquo; special), then the
option is interpreted as starting a new paper size description, where
<var>name</var> is the name and <var>hsize</var> and <var>vsize</var> define the
horizontal and vertical size of the sheet of paper, respectively. For
@@ -1576,8 +1609,8 @@ example:
<pre class="example"> @ letterSize 8.5in 11in
</pre>
<p>If both <var>hsize</var> and <var>vsize</var> are zero (you must still specify
-units!) then any page size will match. If the `<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>' character is
-immediately followed by a `<samp><span class="samp">+</span></samp>' sign, then the remainder of the line
+units!) then any page size will match. If the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>&rsquo; character is
+immediately followed by a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">+</span></samp>&rsquo; sign, then the remainder of the line
(after skipping any leading blanks) is treated as PostScript code to
send to the printer, presumably to select that particular paper size:
@@ -1598,7 +1631,7 @@ For example:
@+ %%EndPaperSize
</pre>
<p>When Dvips has a paper format name given on the command line, it looks
-for a match by the <var>name</var>; when it has a `<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>' special,
+for a match by the <var>name</var>; when it has a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>&rsquo; special,
it looks for a match by dimensions. The best match found (from the
paper size information in the configuration file) is used. If nothing
matches, a warning is printed and the first paper size is used. The
@@ -1606,41 +1639,40 @@ dimensions must match within 5bp. Landscape mode for all paper sizes
is automatically supported.
<p>If your printer has a command to set a special paper size, then give
-dimensions of `<samp><span class="samp">0in 0in</span></samp>'; the PostScript code that sets the paper
-size can refer to the dimensions the user requested as `<samp><span class="samp">hsize</span></samp>' and
-`<samp><span class="samp">vsize</span></samp>'; these will be macros defined in the PostScript that return
+dimensions of &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">0in 0in</span></samp>&rsquo;; the PostScript code that sets the paper
+size can refer to the dimensions the user requested as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">hsize</span></samp>&rsquo; and
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">vsize</span></samp>&rsquo;; these will be macros defined in the PostScript that return
the requested size in default PostScript units. Virtually all of the
PostScript commands you use here are device-dependent and degrade the
portability of the file; that is why the default first paper size entry
should not send any PostScript commands down (although a structured
comment or two would be okay). Also, some printers want
-`<samp><span class="samp">BeginPaperSize</span></samp>' comments and paper size setting commands; others
-(such as the NeXT) want `<samp><span class="samp">PaperSize</span></samp>' comments and they will handle
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">BeginPaperSize</span></samp>&rsquo; comments and paper size setting commands; others
+(such as the NeXT) want &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">PaperSize</span></samp>&rsquo; comments and they will handle
setting the paper size. There is no solution I could find that works
for both (except maybe specifying both).
- <p><a name="index-mkdvipspapers-334"></a>The Perl 5 script <samp><span class="file">contrib/mkdvipspapers</span></samp> in the distribution
-directory may help in determining appropriate paper size definitions.
+ <p>When using a paper size that is not already defined in
+<samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>, you probably want to say &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-t&nbsp;unknown</span></samp>&rsquo; on
+the command line; the <code>unknown</code> paper size definition in
+<samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> has the requisite PostScript incantation to set the
+PostScript page size, as just described.
- <p><a name="index-a4-paper-size_002c-as-default-335"></a>If your printers are configured to use A4 paper by default, the
-configuration file (probably the global <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> in this case)
-should include this as the first `<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>' command:
+ <p><a name="index-mkdvipspapers-339"></a>The Perl 5 script <samp><span class="file">contrib/configs/mkdvipspapers</span></samp> in the
+distribution directory may help in determining appropriate paper size
+definitions.
-<pre class="example"> @ A4size 210mm 297mm
- @+ %%PaperSize: A4
-</pre>
- <p class="noindent">so that <code>A4size</code> is used as the default, and not <code>A4</code> itself;
-thus, no PostScript <code>a4</code> command is added to the output file,
-unless the user explicitly says to use paper size `<samp><span class="samp">a4</span></samp>'. That is,
-by default, no paper size PostScript command should be put in the
-output, but Dvips will still know that the paper size is A4 because
-`<samp><span class="samp">A4size</span></samp>' is the first (and therefore default) size in the
-configuration file.
-
- <p>Executing the `<samp><span class="samp">letter</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">a4</span></samp>' or other PostScript operators
-cause the document to be nonconforming and can cause it not to print on
-certain printers, so the default paper size should not execute such an
-operator if at all possible.
+ <p><a name="index-config_002eps-_0040r_007bpaper-sizes_007d-340"></a><a name="index-letter-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-341"></a><a name="index-a4-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-342"></a>Notwithstanding the above, the default <code>letter</code> and <code>a4</code>
+paper size definitions in <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> execute the
+<code>setpagedevice</code> operator if it exists (it was defined in
+PostScript Level 2), or the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">letter</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">a4</span></samp>&rsquo; operator if
+they exist (they are nonstandard and thus perhaps cause failures on
+certain (unknown) printers). Not executing any page size definition
+at all confuses PostScript conversion programs such as
+<samp><span class="command">ps2pdf</span></samp>, so we want to execute one if we can.
+
+ <p><a name="index-letterSize-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-343"></a><a name="index-A4size-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-344"></a>The <code>letterSize</code> and <code>A4Size</code> paper size definitions are now
+synonyms for <code>letter</code> and <code>a4</code>.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
@@ -1652,12 +1684,12 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size a
<h3 class="section">4.3 Paper trays</h3>
-<p><a name="index-paper-trays-336"></a><a name="index-dual-paper-trays-337"></a><a name="index-multiple-paper-trays-338"></a><a name="index-HP4Si-printer-and-paper-trays-339"></a>
-Some printers, such as the Hewlett-Packard HP4si, have multiple paper
+<p><a name="index-paper-trays-345"></a><a name="index-dual-paper-trays-346"></a><a name="index-multiple-paper-trays-347"></a><a name="index-HP4Si-printer-and-paper-trays-348"></a>
+<a name="index-bop_002dhook-349"></a>Some printers, such as the Hewlett-Packard HP4si, have multiple paper
trays. You can set up Dvips to take advantage of this using the
<code>bop-hook</code> PostScript variable (see <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>).
- <p><a name="index-letterhead-tray-340"></a>For example, suppose you have an alternate tray stocked with letterhead
+ <p><a name="index-letterhead-tray-350"></a>For example, suppose you have an alternate tray stocked with letterhead
paper; the usual tray has the usual paper. You have a document where
you want the first page printed on letterhead, and the remaining pages
on the usual paper. You can create a header file, say
@@ -1669,16 +1701,16 @@ starts at zero):
</pre>
<p class="noindent">where <var>alternatetray</var> and <var>normaltray</var> are the appropriate
commands to select the paper trays. On the 4SI, <var>alternatetray</var> is
-`<samp><span class="samp">statusdict begin 1 setpapertray end</span></samp>' and <var>normaltray</var> is
-`<samp><span class="samp">statusdict begin 0 setpapertray end</span></samp>'.
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">statusdict begin 1 setpapertray end</span></samp>&rsquo; and <var>normaltray</var> is
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">statusdict begin 0 setpapertray end</span></samp>&rsquo;.
<p>Then, include the file with either
<ul>
-<li>the `<samp><span class="samp">-h</span></samp>' command-line option (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>); or
+<li>the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-h</span></samp>&rsquo; command-line option (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>); or
- <li>the `<samp><span class="samp">h</span></samp>' config file option (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>); or
+ <li>the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">h</span></samp>&rsquo; config file option (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>); or
- <li>`<samp><span class="samp">\special{header=</span><var>file</var><span class="samp">}</span></samp>' in your TeX document
+ <li>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\special{header=</span><var>file</var><span class="samp">}</span></samp>&rsquo; in your TeX document
(see <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a>).
</ul>
@@ -1694,7 +1726,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<h2 class="chapter">5 Interaction with PostScript</h2>
-<p><a name="index-interaction-with-PostScript-341"></a><a name="index-PostScript-interaction-342"></a>
+<p><a name="index-interaction-with-PostScript-351"></a><a name="index-PostScript-interaction-352"></a>
Dvips supports inclusion of PostScript figure files (e.g., Encapsulated
PostScript), downloading other header files (e.g., fonts), including
literal PostScript code, and hypertext.
@@ -1739,20 +1771,20 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures
<h4 class="subsection">5.1.1 The bounding box comment</h4>
-<p><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-comment-for-343"></a>
+<p><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-comment-for-353"></a>
The most important feature of a good PostScript file from the standpoint
of including it in another document is an accurate bounding box comment.
Every well-formed PostScript file has a comment describing where on the
page the graphic is located, and how big that graphic is.
- <p><a name="index-big-points-344"></a><a name="index-PostScript-units-345"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-defined-346"></a>This information is given as the lower left and upper right corners of
+ <p><a name="index-big-points-354"></a><a name="index-PostScript-units-355"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-defined-356"></a>This information is given as the lower left and upper right corners of
the box just enclosing the graphic, and is thus referred to as the
<dfn>bounding box</dfn>. These coordinates are given in the default
PostScript units (there are precisely 72 PostScript units to the inch,
like TeX big points) with respect to the lower left corner of the
sheet of paper.
- <p><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025BoundingBox-347"></a>To see if a PostScript file has a bounding box comment, just look at the
+ <p><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025BoundingBox-357"></a>To see if a PostScript file has a bounding box comment, just look at the
first few lines of the file. PostScript files are standard ASCII, so
you can use any text editor to do this. If within the first few dozen
lines there is a line like
@@ -1763,7 +1795,7 @@ lines there is a line like
Encapsulated PostScript and will work easily with Dvips. If the file
contains instead a line like
- <p><a name="index-atend_0040r_007b_002c-bounding-box-specification_007d-348"></a><a name="index-g_t_0028atend_0029_0040r_007b_002c-bounding-box-specification_007d-349"></a>
+ <p><a name="index-atend_0040r_007b_002c-bounding-box-specification_007d-358"></a><a name="index-g_t_0028atend_0029_0040r_007b_002c-bounding-box-specification_007d-359"></a>
<pre class="example"> %%BoundingBox: (atend)
</pre>
<p class="noindent">the file is still probably Encapsulated PostScript, but the bounding box
@@ -1773,13 +1805,13 @@ bounding box is given in this way when the program that generated the
PostScript couldn't know the size in advance, or was too lazy to compute
it.)
- <p><a name="index-bbfig-350"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-determining-351"></a>If the document lacks a `<samp><span class="samp">%%BoundingBox:</span></samp>' altogether, you can
-determine one in a couple of ways. One is to use the `<samp><span class="samp">bbfig</span></samp>'
+ <p><a name="index-bbfig-360"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-determining-361"></a>If the document lacks a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%%BoundingBox:</span></samp>&rsquo; altogether, you can
+determine one in a couple of ways. One is to use the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">bbfig</span></samp>&rsquo;
program distributed with Dvips in the <samp><span class="file">contrib</span></samp> directory. This can
usually find the correct bounding box automatically; it works best with
Ghostscript.
- <p><a name="index-g_t612-792-_0040r_007bbounding-box-size_007d-352"></a>If the comment looks like this:
+ <p><a name="index-g_t612-792-_0040r_007bbounding-box-size_007d-362"></a>If the comment looks like this:
<pre class="example"> %%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792
</pre>
<p class="noindent">the graphic claims to take up an entire sheet of paper. This is
@@ -1797,7 +1829,7 @@ to the uppermost mark on the paper.
<p>Once you have the numbers, add a comment of the following form as the
second line of the document. (The first line should already be a line
-starting with the two characters `<samp><span class="samp">%!</span></samp>'; if it is not, the file
+starting with the two characters &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%!</span></samp>&rsquo;; if it is not, the file
probably isn't PostScript.)
<pre class="example"> %%BoundingBox: <var>llx</var> <var>lly</var> <var>urx</var> <var>ury</var>
@@ -1823,7 +1855,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures
<h4 class="subsection">5.1.2 The \includegraphics macro for LaTeX</h4>
-<p><a name="index-g_t_005cincludegraphics-_0040LaTeX_007b_007d-macro-353"></a><a name="index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-354"></a>
+<p><a name="index-g_t_005cincludegraphics-_0040LaTeX_007b_007d-macro-363"></a><a name="index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-364"></a>
Once the figure file has a bounding box comment (see the previous
section) you are ready to import the graphic into a LaTeX
document. For LaTeX 2e, you can use the epsf, graphics or graphicx
@@ -1839,7 +1871,7 @@ are still using LaTeX 2.09, use epsf.sty).
</pre>
<p>Depending on your system, a suitable driver setup may already be
present, so that LaTeX automatically produces DVI files suitable for
-Dvips. In this case you can leave out the `<samp><span class="samp">[dvips]</span></samp>' parameter.
+Dvips. In this case you can leave out the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">[dvips]</span></samp>&rsquo; parameter.
<p>Now, at the point you want to include a file <samp><span class="file">foo.eps</span></samp>, enter a
line such as:
@@ -1855,8 +1887,8 @@ different TeX engines or DVI converters if you also provide
suitable graphics files for them, e.g., <samp><span class="file">foo.pdf</span></samp> or
<samp><span class="file">foo.png</span></samp>.
- <p><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-355"></a>The \includegraphics command has many options, specified in
-`<samp><span class="samp">key=value</span></samp>' syntax, to allow you to resize, rotate or trim the
+ <p><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-365"></a>The \includegraphics command has many options, specified in
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">key=value</span></samp>&rsquo; syntax, to allow you to resize, rotate or trim the
included graphic&mdash;see <samp><span class="file">grfguide</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">epslatex</span></samp>. If your
file does not have a bounding box comment, you can supply the numbers
as determined in the previous section, in the same order they would
@@ -1871,7 +1903,7 @@ occupying the proper amount of space.
<p>PostScript graphics have their origin in the lower left
corner. Therefore, in TeX, a graphic will occupy a box that extends
far above the line where it is put in, but has depth zero below it.
-Combining `<samp><span class="samp">\includegraphics</span></samp>' with `<samp><span class="samp">\parbox</span></samp>' commands or
+Combining &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\includegraphics</span></samp>&rsquo; with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\parbox</span></samp>&rsquo; commands or
minipages can sometimes be confusing when this is not taken into
account.
@@ -1886,18 +1918,18 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures
<h4 class="subsection">5.1.3 Using the EPSF macros</h4>
-<p><a name="index-EPSF-macros-356"></a><a name="index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-357"></a>
-If you are using LaTeX 2e, use the `<samp><span class="samp">graphics</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">graphicx</span></samp>'
+<p><a name="index-EPSF-macros-366"></a><a name="index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-367"></a>
+If you are using LaTeX 2e, use the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">graphics</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">graphicx</span></samp>&rsquo;
package. See <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a>.
<p>If you are using plain TeX or LaTeX 2.09, you need <samp><span class="file">epsf.tex</span></samp>
(for plain TeX) and <samp><span class="file">epsf.sty</span></samp> (for LaTeX). For plain
TeX, add a line like this near the top of your input file:
- <p><a name="index-epsf_002etex-358"></a>
+ <p><a name="index-epsf_002etex-368"></a>
<pre class="example"> \input epsf
</pre>
- <p class="noindent"><a name="index-epsf_002esty-359"></a>If you are using LaTeX 2.09, add the `<samp><span class="samp">epsf</span></samp>' style option, as in:
+ <p class="noindent"><a name="index-epsf_002esty-369"></a>If you are using LaTeX 2.09, add the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">epsf</span></samp>&rsquo; style option, as in:
<pre class="example"> \documentstyle[12pt,epsf]{article}
</pre>
@@ -1908,7 +1940,7 @@ figures you plan to include.
<pre class="example"> \epsffile{foo.eps}
</pre>
- <p><a name="index-g_t_005cleavevmode-360"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-361"></a>If you are using LaTeX, you may need to add <code>\leavevmode</code>
+ <p><a name="index-g_t_005cleavevmode-370"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-371"></a>If you are using LaTeX, you may need to add <code>\leavevmode</code>
immediately before the <code>\epsffile</code> command to get certain
environments to work correctly. If your file does not have a bounding
box comment, you can supply the numbers as determined in the previous
@@ -1921,7 +1953,7 @@ comment:
your graphic positioned at precisely the point you indicated, occupying
the proper amount of space.
- <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsffile-_0040r_007bmacro_007d-362"></a><a name="index-figures_002c-natural-size-363"></a>The <code>\epsffile</code> macro typesets the figure as a TeX <code>\vbox</code>
+ <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsffile-_0040r_007bmacro_007d-372"></a><a name="index-figures_002c-natural-size-373"></a>The <code>\epsffile</code> macro typesets the figure as a TeX <code>\vbox</code>
at the point of the page that the command is executed. By default, the
graphic will have its `natural' width (namely, the width of its bounding
box). The TeX box will have depth zero and its natural height. By
@@ -1929,7 +1961,7 @@ default, the graphic will be scaled by any DVI magnification in effect,
just as is everything else in your document. See the next section for
more information on scaling.
- <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsfverbosetrue-364"></a><a name="index-verbose-EPSF-processing-365"></a>If you want TeX to report the size of the figure as a message on your
+ <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsfverbosetrue-374"></a><a name="index-verbose-EPSF-processing-375"></a>If you want TeX to report the size of the figure as a message on your
terminal when it processes each figure, give the command:
<pre class="example"> \epsfverbosetrue
@@ -1949,7 +1981,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">5.1.3.1 EPSF scaling</h5>
-<p><a name="index-scaling-of-figures-366"></a><a name="index-figures_002c-scaling-367"></a>
+<p><a name="index-scaling-of-figures-376"></a><a name="index-figures_002c-scaling-377"></a>
Usually, you will want to scale an EPSF figure to some size appropriate
for your document, since its natural size is determined by the creator
of the EPS file.
@@ -1958,14 +1990,14 @@ of the EPS file.
<code>\epsfxsize</code> or <code>\epsfysize</code> variables, whichever is more
convenient for you. That is, put
- <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsfxsize-368"></a>
+ <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsfxsize-378"></a>
<pre class="example"> \epsfxsize=<var>dimen</var>
</pre>
<p class="noindent">right before the call to <code>\epsffile</code>. Then the width of the TeX
box will be <var>dimen</var> and its height will be scaled proportionately.
Similarly, you can set the vertical size with
- <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsfysize-369"></a>
+ <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsfysize-379"></a>
<pre class="example"> \epsfysize=<var>dimen</var>
</pre>
<p class="noindent">in which case the height will be set and the width scaled
@@ -1975,7 +2007,7 @@ proportionally.
included graphic may necessarily be distorted, i.e., its contents
stretched in one direction or the other.
- <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsfsize-370"></a>You can resize graphics in a more general way by redefining the
+ <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsfsize-380"></a>You can resize graphics in a more general way by redefining the
<code>\epsfsize</code> macro. <code>\epsffile</code> calls this with two
parameters: the natural horizontal and vertical sizes of the PostScript
graphic. <code>\epsfsize</code> must expand to the desired horizontal size,
@@ -1986,30 +2018,30 @@ that is, the width of the <code>\vbox</code>. Schematically:
<p>Some useful definitions of <var>body</var>:
<dl>
-<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">\epsfxsize</span></samp>'<dd>This definition (the default) enables the default features listed above,
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\epsfxsize</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>This definition (the default) enables the default features listed above,
by setting <code>\epsfxsize</code> to the same value it had before the macro
was called.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">#1</span></samp>'<dd>Force the natural size by returning the first parameter (the original
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">#1</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>Force the natural size by returning the first parameter (the original
width).
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">0pt</span></samp>'<dd>A special case, equivalent to `<samp><span class="samp">#1</span></samp>'.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">0pt</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>A special case, equivalent to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">#1</span></samp>&rsquo;.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">0.5#1</span></samp>'<dd>Scale to half the natural size.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">0.5#1</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>Scale to half the natural size.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">\hsize</span></samp>'<dd>Scale to the current <code>\hsize</code>. (In LaTeX, use <code>\textwidth</code>
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\hsize</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>Scale to the current <code>\hsize</code>. (In LaTeX, use <code>\textwidth</code>
instead of <code>\hsize</code>.)
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">\ifnum#1&gt;\hsize\hsize\else#1\fi</span></samp>'<dd>If the natural width is greater than the current <code>\hsize</code>, scale to
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\ifnum#1&gt;\hsize\hsize\else#1\fi</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>If the natural width is greater than the current <code>\hsize</code>, scale to
<code>\hsize</code>, otherwise use the natural width.
</dl>
- <p><a name="index-DVI-magnification-371"></a><a name="index-magnification_002c-DVI-372"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cmagnification-373"></a>For compatibility with other PostScript drivers, it is possible to turn
+ <p><a name="index-DVI-magnification-381"></a><a name="index-magnification_002c-DVI-382"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cmagnification-383"></a>For compatibility with other PostScript drivers, it is possible to turn
off the default scaling of included figures by the DVI magnification
with the following TeX command:
- <p><a name="index-g_t_002fmagscale-374"></a>
+ <p><a name="index-g_t_002fmagscale-384"></a>
<pre class="example"> \special{! /magscale false def}
</pre>
<p class="noindent">Use of this command is not recommended because it will make the
@@ -2018,8 +2050,8 @@ being used, and it will cause any PostScript graphics to appear
improperly scaled and out of position if a DVI to DVI program is used to
scale or otherwise modify the document.
- <p><a name="index-bop_002dhook-375"></a>DVI magnification is not applied to any output from code you write in
-`<samp><span class="samp">bop-hook</span></samp>' or its ilk (see <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>),
+ <p><a name="index-bop_002dhook-385"></a>DVI magnification is not applied to any output from code you write in
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">bop-hook</span></samp>&rsquo; or its ilk (see <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>),
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
@@ -2031,7 +2063,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">5.1.3.2 EPSF clipping</h5>
-<p><a name="index-clipping-of-EPSF-376"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-inaccurate-377"></a><a name="index-text-in-figures_002c-chopped-off-378"></a><a name="index-lines-in-figures_002c-wrong-width-379"></a>
+<p><a name="index-clipping-of-EPSF-386"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-inaccurate-387"></a><a name="index-text-in-figures_002c-chopped-off-388"></a><a name="index-lines-in-figures_002c-wrong-width-389"></a>
By default, clipping is disabled for included EPSF images. This is
because clipping to the bounding box dimensions often cuts off a
small portion of the figure, due to slightly inaccurate bounding
@@ -2055,9 +2087,9 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection">5.1.4 `<samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp>' special</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">5.1.4 &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp>&rsquo; special</h4>
-<p><a name="index-psfile-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-380"></a>
+<p><a name="index-psfile-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-390"></a>
The basic special for file inclusion is as follows:
<pre class="example"> \special{psfile=<var>filename</var>.ps <span class="roman">[</span><var>key</var>=<var>value</var><span class="roman">]</span> ... }
@@ -2070,20 +2102,36 @@ specify transformations on the PostScript.
<p>The possible <var>key</var>s are:
<dl>
-<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">hoffset</span></samp>'<dd>The horizontal offset (default 0)
-<br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">voffset</span></samp>'<dd>The vertical offset (default 0)
-<br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">hsize</span></samp>'<dd>The horizontal clipping size (default 612)
-<br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">vsize</span></samp>'<dd>The vertical clipping size (default 792)
-<br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">hscale</span></samp>'<dd>The horizontal scaling factor (default 100)
-<br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">vscale</span></samp>'<dd>The vertical scaling factor (default 100)
-<br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">angle</span></samp>'<dd>The rotation (default 0)
-<br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">clip</span></samp>'<dd>Enable clipping to the bounding box
-</dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">hoffset</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-hoffset-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-391"></a>The horizontal offset (default 0).
+
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">voffset</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-voffset-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-392"></a>The vertical offset (default 0).
+
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">hsize</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-hsize-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-393"></a>The horizontal clipping size (default 612).
+
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">vsize</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-vsize-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-394"></a>The vertical clipping size (default 792).
+
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">hscale</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-hscale-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-395"></a>The horizontal scaling factor, as a percentage (default 100).
+
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">vscale</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-vscale-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-396"></a>The vertical scaling factor, as a percentage (default 100).
+
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">angle</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-angle-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-397"></a>The rotation, in degrees (default 0).
- <p>The dimension parameters are all given in PostScript units.
-The `<samp><span class="samp">hscale</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">vscale</span></samp>' are given in non-dimensioned percentage
-units, and the rotation value is specified in degrees.
-Thus
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">clip</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-clip-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-398"></a>Enable clipping to the bounding box (default disabled).
+
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">llx, lly, urx, ury</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-llx-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-399"></a><a name="index-lly-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-400"></a><a name="index-urx-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-401"></a><a name="index-ury-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-402"></a>Bounding box of the included image, just as in a <code>%%BoundingBox</code>
+comment. Values are in big points, and may be fractional.
+
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">rhi, rwi</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-rhi-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-403"></a><a name="index-rwi-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-404"></a>Desired width and height of the resulting figure in the output, in
+tenths of big points (720 to the inch); may be fractional.
+
+ <p>If both <code>rwi</code> and <code>rhi</code> are nonzero, the picture is scaled,
+possibly losing aspect ratio. If only one of <code>rwi</code> and
+<code>rhi</code> is nonzero, the picture is scaled, preserving aspect ratio.
+
+ </dl>
+
+ <p>The offsets and sizes are given in PostScript units (big points).
+Thus, for example:
<pre class="example"> \special{psfile=foo.ps hoffset=72 hscale=90 vscale=90}
</pre>
@@ -2094,15 +2142,15 @@ rotation. Rotation is counterclockwise about the origin. The order of
operations is to rotate the figure, scale it, then offset it.
<p>For compatibility with older PostScript drivers, it is possible to change
-the units that `<samp><span class="samp">hscale</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">vscale</span></samp>' are given in. This can be
-done by redefining `<samp><span class="samp">@scaleunit</span></samp>'
-<a name="index-scaleunit-381"></a>in `<samp><span class="samp">SDict</span></samp>'
-<a name="index-SDict-382"></a>by a TeX command such as
+the units that &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">hscale</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">vscale</span></samp>&rsquo; are given in. This can be
+done by redefining &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">@scaleunit</span></samp>&rsquo;
+<a name="index-scaleunit-405"></a>in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">SDict</span></samp>&rsquo;
+<a name="index-SDict-406"></a>by a TeX command such as
<pre class="example"> \special{! /@scaleunit 1 def}
</pre>
- <p class="noindent">The `<samp><span class="samp">@scaleunit</span></samp>' variable, which is by default 100, is what
-`<samp><span class="samp">hscale</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">vscale</span></samp>' are divided by to yield an absolute
+ <p class="noindent">The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">@scaleunit</span></samp>&rsquo; variable, which is by default 100, is what
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">hscale</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">vscale</span></samp>&rsquo; are divided by to yield an absolute
scale factor.
<div class="node">
@@ -2116,12 +2164,12 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures
<h4 class="subsection">5.1.5 Dynamic creation of PostScript graphics files</h4>
-<p><a name="index-dynamic-creation-of-graphics-383"></a><a name="index-compressed-PostScript-384"></a><a name="index-uncompressing-PostScript-385"></a>
+<p><a name="index-dynamic-creation-of-graphics-407"></a><a name="index-compressed-PostScript-408"></a><a name="index-uncompressing-PostScript-409"></a>
PostScript is an excellent page description language&mdash;but it does tend
to be rather verbose. Compressing PostScript graphics files can reduce
them by factor of five or more. For this reason, if the name of an
included PostScript file ends with <samp><span class="file">.Z</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">.gz</span></samp>, Dvips
-automatically runs `<samp><span class="samp">gzip -d</span></samp>'. For example:
+automatically runs &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">gzip -d</span></samp>&rsquo;. For example:
<pre class="example"> \epsffile[72 72 540 720]{foo.ps.gz}
</pre>
@@ -2130,16 +2178,16 @@ use this facility with the <samp><span class="file">epsf</span></samp> macros, y
bounding box parameter yourself, as shown.
<p>More generally, if the filename parameter to one of the graphics
-inclusion techniques starts with a left quote (`<samp><span class="samp">`</span></samp>'), the parameter
+inclusion techniques starts with a left quote (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">`</span></samp>&rsquo;), the parameter
is instead interpreted as a command to execute that will send the actual
file to standard output. For example:
<pre class="example"> \special{psfile="`gnuplot foo"}
</pre>
- <p class="noindent"><a name="index-gnuplot-386"></a>to include the file <samp><span class="file">foo</span></samp>. Of course, the command to be executed
+ <p class="noindent"><a name="index-gnuplot-410"></a>to include the file <samp><span class="file">foo</span></samp>. Of course, the command to be executed
can be anything, including using a file conversion utility such as
<samp><span class="file">tek2ps</span></samp> or whatever is appropriate. This feature can be disabled
-with the `<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>' command-line option or `<samp><span class="samp">R</span></samp>' configuration option.
+with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>&rsquo; command-line option or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">R</span></samp>&rsquo; configuration option.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
@@ -2151,7 +2199,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures
<h4 class="subsection">5.1.6 Fonts in figures</h4>
-<p><a name="index-figures-and-fonts-387"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-in-PostScript-figures-388"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_002aFont-389"></a>
+<p><a name="index-figures-and-fonts-411"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-in-PostScript-figures-412"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_002aFont-413"></a>
You can use any font available to TeX and Dvips within a graphics
file by putting a <code>%*Font:</code> line in the leading commentary of the
file. Schematically, this looks like:
@@ -2162,7 +2210,7 @@ file. Schematically, this looks like:
<dl>
<dt><var>tfmname</var><dd>The TeX TFM filename, e.g., <samp><span class="file">cmr10</span></samp>. You can give the same
-<var>tfmname</var> on more than one `<samp><span class="samp">%*Font</span></samp>' line; this is useful when
+<var>tfmname</var> on more than one &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%*Font</span></samp>&rsquo; line; this is useful when
the number of characters from the font used needs a longer
<var>hex-bitstring</var> (see item below) than conveniently fits on one line.
@@ -2171,18 +2219,18 @@ big points). 72<span class="dmn">bp</span> = 72.27<span class="dmn">pt</span> =
<br><dt><var>designbp</var><dd>The designsize of the font, again in PostScript points. This should
match the value in the TFM file <var>tfmname</var>. Thus, for <samp><span class="file">cmr10</span></samp>,
-it should be `<samp><span class="samp">9.96265</span></samp>'.
+it should be &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">9.96265</span></samp>&rsquo;.
<br><dt><var>hex-start</var><dd>The character code of the first character used from the font, specified
-as two ASCII hexadecimal characters, e.g., `<samp><span class="samp">4b</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">4B</span></samp>' for
-`<samp><span class="samp">K</span></samp>'.
+as two ASCII hexadecimal characters, e.g., &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">4b</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">4B</span></samp>&rsquo; for
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">K</span></samp>&rsquo;.
<br><dt><var>hex-bitstring</var><dd>An arbitrary number of ASCII hexadecimal digits specifying which
characters following (and including) <var>hex-start</var> are used. This is
treated as a bitmap. For example, if your figure used the single letter
-`<samp><span class="samp">K</span></samp>', you would use `<samp><span class="samp">4b:8</span></samp>' for <var>hex-start</var> and
-<var>hex-bitstring</var>. If it used `<samp><span class="samp">KLMNP</span></samp>', you would use
-`<samp><span class="samp">4b:f4</span></samp>'.
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">K</span></samp>&rsquo;, you would use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">4b:8</span></samp>&rsquo; for <var>hex-start</var> and
+<var>hex-bitstring</var>. If it used &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">KLMNP</span></samp>&rsquo;, you would use
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">4b:f4</span></samp>&rsquo;.
</dl>
@@ -2200,24 +2248,24 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interacti
<h3 class="section">5.2 PostScript header files</h3>
-<p><a name="index-header-files_002c-defined-390"></a><a name="index-PostScript-header-files-391"></a>
+<p><a name="index-header-files_002c-defined-414"></a><a name="index-PostScript-header-files-415"></a>
<dfn>Header files</dfn> are bits of PostScript included in the output file;
generally they provide support for special features, rather than
producing any printed output themselves. You can explicitly request
downloading header files if necessary for some figure, or to achieve
some special effect.
- <p><a name="index-psheaderdir-392"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epro-_0040r_007bprologue-files_007d-393"></a><a name="index-g_t_002elpro-_0040r_007blong-prologue-files_007d-394"></a>Dvips includes some headers on its own initiative, to implement features
+ <p><a name="index-psheaderdir-416"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epro-_0040r_007bprologue-files_007d-417"></a><a name="index-g_t_002elpro-_0040r_007blong-prologue-files_007d-418"></a>Dvips includes some headers on its own initiative, to implement features
such as PostScript font reencoding, bitmap font downloading, handling of
<code>\special</code>'s, and so on. These standard headers are the
<samp><span class="file">.pro</span></samp> files (for &ldquo;prologue&rdquo;) in the installation directory
-`<samp><span class="samp">$(psheaderdir)</span></samp>'; they are created from the <samp><span class="file">.lpro</span></samp> (&ldquo;long
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">$(psheaderdir)</span></samp>&rsquo;; they are created from the <samp><span class="file">.lpro</span></samp> (&ldquo;long
prologue&rdquo;) files in the distribution by stripping
comments, squeezing blank lines, etc., for maximum efficiency. If you
want to peruse one of the standard header files, read the <samp><span class="file">.lpro</span></samp>
version.
- <p><a name="index-userdict_0040r_007b_002c-and-dictionary-files_007d-395"></a><a name="index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007buserdict_007d-396"></a>The PostScript dictionary stack will be at the `<samp><span class="samp">userdict</span></samp>' level
+ <p><a name="index-userdict_0040r_007b_002c-and-dictionary-files_007d-419"></a><a name="index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007buserdict_007d-420"></a>The PostScript dictionary stack will be at the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">userdict</span></samp>&rsquo; level
when header files are included.
<ul class="menu">
@@ -2236,15 +2284,15 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Header-files">Header files</a>
<h4 class="subsection">5.2.1 Including headers from TeX</h4>
-<p><a name="index-including-headers-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-397"></a><a name="index-header_003d_0040var_007bfile_007d-_005cspecial-398"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-including-headers-in-399"></a>
-<a name="index-headers_002c-including-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-400"></a>In order to get a particular graphic file to work, a certain font or
+<p><a name="index-including-headers-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-421"></a><a name="index-header_003d_0040var_007bfile_007d-_005cspecial-422"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-including-headers-in-423"></a>
+<a name="index-headers_002c-including-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-424"></a>In order to get a particular graphic file to work, a certain font or
header file might need to be sent first. The Dvips program provides
-support for this with the `<samp><span class="samp">header</span></samp>' <code>\special</code>. For instance,
+support for this with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">header</span></samp>&rsquo; <code>\special</code>. For instance,
to ensure that <samp><span class="file">foo.ps</span></samp> gets downloaded:
<pre class="example"> \special{header=foo.ps}
</pre>
- <p><a name="index-fonts_002c-as-header-files-401"></a>As another example, if you have some PostScript code that uses a
+ <p><a name="index-fonts_002c-as-header-files-425"></a>As another example, if you have some PostScript code that uses a
PostScript font not built into your printer, you must download it to the
printer. If the font isn't used elsewhere in the document, Dvips can't
know you've used it, so you must include it in the same way, as in:
@@ -2259,7 +2307,7 @@ the file itself, as follows:
<pre class="example"> \special{header={foo.ps} pre={pre code} post={post code}}
</pre>
- <p><a name="index-before-header_002c-inserting-code-402"></a><a name="index-after-header_002c-inserting-code-403"></a><a name="index-pre-_0040r_007bcode-before-headers_007d-404"></a><a name="index-post-_0040r_007bcode-after-headers_007d-405"></a>This will insert <code>pre code</code> just before <samp><span class="file">foo.ps</span></samp> and
+ <p><a name="index-before-header_002c-inserting-code-426"></a><a name="index-after-header_002c-inserting-code-427"></a><a name="index-pre-_0040r_007bcode-before-headers_007d-428"></a><a name="index-post-_0040r_007bcode-after-headers_007d-429"></a>This will insert <code>pre code</code> just before <samp><span class="file">foo.ps</span></samp> and
<code>post code</code> just after. It is required to use the (balanced)
braces in <em>all</em> of the arguments, including the <code>header</code>,
when using this extended syntax.
@@ -2289,16 +2337,16 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Header-files">Header files</a>
<h4 class="subsection">5.2.2 Including headers from the command line</h4>
-<p><a name="index-including-headers-from-the-command-line-406"></a><a name="index-command-line_002c-including-headers-from-407"></a><a name="index-headers_002c-including-from-the-command-line-408"></a>
+<p><a name="index-including-headers-from-the-command-line-430"></a><a name="index-command-line_002c-including-headers-from-431"></a><a name="index-headers_002c-including-from-the-command-line-432"></a>
You can include headers when you run Dvips, as well as from your
document (see the previous section). To do this, run Dvips with the
-option `<samp><span class="samp">-P </span><var>header</var></samp>'; this will read the file
+option &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-P </span><var>header</var></samp>&rsquo;; this will read the file
<samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>header</var></samp>, which in turn can specify a header file to
-be downloaded with the `<samp><span class="samp">h</span></samp>' option. See <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>. These files are called <samp><var>header</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS.
+be downloaded with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">h</span></samp>&rsquo; option. See <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>. These files are called <samp><var>header</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS.
- <p><a name="index-duplex-printers-409"></a><a name="index-simplex-mode-on-duplex-printers-410"></a><a name="index-screen-frequencies_002c-setting-411"></a>You can arrange for the same file to serve as a `<samp><span class="samp">-P</span></samp>' config file
+ <p><a name="index-duplex-printers-433"></a><a name="index-simplex-mode-on-duplex-printers-434"></a><a name="index-screen-frequencies_002c-setting-435"></a>You can arrange for the same file to serve as a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-P</span></samp>&rsquo; config file
and the downloadable header file, by starting the lines of PostScript
-code with a space, leaving only the `<samp><span class="samp">h</span></samp>' line and any comments
+code with a space, leaving only the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">h</span></samp>&rsquo; line and any comments
starting in the first column. As an example, see
<samp><span class="file">contrib/volker/config.*</span></samp> (<samp><span class="file">contrib/volker/*.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS).
(These files also perform useful functions: controlling duplex/simplex
@@ -2315,13 +2363,13 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Header-files">Header files</a>
<h4 class="subsection">5.2.3 Headers and memory usage</h4>
-<p><a name="index-headers-and-memory-usage-412"></a><a name="index-memory-usage_002c-and-headers-413"></a>
-<a name="index-sections-of-output-file_002c-and-memory-414"></a><a name="index-output-file_002c-sectioning-of-415"></a>Dvips tries to avoid overflowing the printer's memory by splitting the
-output files into &ldquo;sections&rdquo; (see the `<samp><span class="samp">-i</span></samp>' option in <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). Therefore, for all header files, Dvips debits the printer VM
+<p><a name="index-headers-and-memory-usage-436"></a><a name="index-memory-usage_002c-and-headers-437"></a>
+<a name="index-sections-of-output-file_002c-and-memory-438"></a><a name="index-output-file_002c-sectioning-of-439"></a>Dvips tries to avoid overflowing the printer's memory by splitting the
+output files into &ldquo;sections&rdquo; (see the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-i</span></samp>&rsquo; option in <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). Therefore, for all header files, Dvips debits the printer VM
budget by some value. If the header file has, in its leading
commentary a line of the form
- <p><a name="index-VMusage-416"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025VMusage-417"></a>
+ <p><a name="index-VMusage-440"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025VMusage-441"></a>
<pre class="example"> %%VMusage: <var>min</var> <var>max</var>
</pre>
<p class="noindent">then <var>max</var> is used. If there is no <code>%%VMusage</code> line, then
@@ -2340,7 +2388,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interacti
<h3 class="section">5.3 Literal PostScript</h3>
-<p><a name="index-literal-PostScript_002c-using-418"></a><a name="index-PostScript-code_002c-literal-419"></a>
+<p><a name="index-literal-PostScript_002c-using-442"></a><a name="index-PostScript-code_002c-literal-443"></a>
You can include literal PostScript code in your document in several ways.
<ul class="menu">
@@ -2362,10 +2410,10 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a>
<h4 class="subsection">5.3.1 <code>"</code> special: Literal PostScript</h4>
-<p><a name="index-g_t_0022-_0040r_007bspecial-_0028literal-PostScript_0029_007d-420"></a>
+<p><a name="index-g_t_0022-_0040r_007bspecial-_0028literal-PostScript_0029_007d-444"></a>
For simple graphics, or just for experimentation, literal PostScript
code can be included. Simply use a <code>\special</code> beginning with a
-double quote character `<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>'; there is no matching closing `<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>'.
+double quote character &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>&rsquo;; there is no matching closing &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>&rsquo;.
<p>For instance, the following (simple) graphic:
@@ -2387,12 +2435,12 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection">5.3.2 `<samp><span class="samp">ps</span></samp>' special</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">5.3.2 &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ps</span></samp>&rsquo; special</h4>
-<p><a name="index-ps-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-421"></a>
-<a name="index-save_002frestore_002c-and-specials-422"></a>Generally, Dvips encloses specials in a PostScript save/restore pair,
+<p><a name="index-ps-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-445"></a>
+<a name="index-save_002frestore_002c-and-specials-446"></a>Generally, Dvips encloses specials in a PostScript save/restore pair,
guaranteeing that the special will have no effect on the rest of the
-document. The `<samp><span class="samp">ps</span></samp>' special, however, allows you to insert literal
+document. The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ps</span></samp>&rsquo; special, however, allows you to insert literal
PostScript instructions without this protective shield; you should
understand what you're doing (and you shouldn't change the PostScript
graphics state unless you are willing to take the consequences). This
@@ -2403,17 +2451,22 @@ of the following will work:
\special{ps::<var>text</var>}
\special{ps::[begin]<var>text</var>}
\special{ps::[end]<var>text</var>}
+ \special{ps::[nobreak]<var>text</var>}
</pre>
<p class="noindent">(with longer forms taking precedence over shorter forms, when they are
-present). `<samp><span class="samp">ps::</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">ps::[end]</span></samp>' do no positioning, so they
-can be used to continue PostScript literals started with `<samp><span class="samp">ps:</span></samp>' or
-`<samp><span class="samp">ps::[begin]</span></samp>'.
+present). &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ps::</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ps::[end]</span></samp>&rsquo; do no positioning, so they
+can be used to continue PostScript literals started with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ps:</span></samp>&rsquo; or
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ps::[begin]</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+ <p>Literal PostScript instructions after &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ps::[nobreak]</span></samp>&rsquo; are
+<em>not</em> broken into lines. This feature may be used to include
+PostScript comments, for example.
- <p><a name="index-plotfile_0040r_007b_002c-_0040samp_007bps_007d-subspecial_007d-423"></a>In addition, the variant
+ <p><a name="index-plotfile_0040r_007b_002c-_0040samp_007bps_007d-subspecial_007d-447"></a>In addition, the variant
<pre class="example"> \special{ps: plotfile <var>filename</var>}
</pre>
- <p class="noindent"><a name="index-rotate_002etex-424"></a>inserts the contents of <var>filename</var> verbatim into the output (except
+ <p class="noindent"><a name="index-rotate_002etex-448"></a>inserts the contents of <var>filename</var> verbatim into the output (except
for omitting lines that begin with %). An example of the proper use of
literal specials can be found in the file <samp><span class="file">rotate.tex</span></samp>, which makes
it easy to typeset text turned in multiples of 90 degrees.
@@ -2427,16 +2480,16 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection">5.3.3 Literal headers: `<samp><span class="samp">!</span></samp>' <code>\special</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">5.3.3 Literal headers: &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">!</span></samp>&rsquo; <code>\special</code></h4>
-<p><a name="index-literal-headers-425"></a><a name="index-SDict-_0040r_007bdictionary_007d-426"></a>
-<a name="index-g_t_0021-_0040r_007bspecial-_0028literal-PS-header_0029_007d-427"></a><a name="index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007bSDict_007d-428"></a>You can download literal PostScript header code in your TeX document,
+<p><a name="index-literal-headers-449"></a><a name="index-SDict-_0040r_007bdictionary_007d-450"></a>
+<a name="index-g_t_0021-_0040r_007bspecial-_0028literal-PS-header_0029_007d-451"></a><a name="index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007bSDict_007d-452"></a>You can download literal PostScript header code in your TeX document,
for use with (for example) literal graphics code that you include later.
-The text of a <code>\special</code> beginning with an `<samp><span class="samp">!</span></samp>' is copied into
+The text of a <code>\special</code> beginning with an &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">!</span></samp>&rsquo; is copied into
the output file. A dictionary <code>SDict</code> will be current when this
code is executed; Dvips arranges for <code>SDict</code> to be first on the
dictionary stack when any PostScript graphic is included, whether
-literally (the `<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>' special) or through macros (e.g.,
+literally (the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>&rsquo; special) or through macros (e.g.,
<samp><span class="file">epsf.tex</span></samp>).
<p>For example:
@@ -2454,20 +2507,20 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a>
<h4 class="subsection">5.3.4 PostScript hooks</h4>
-<p><a name="index-PostScript-hooks-429"></a>
+<p><a name="index-PostScript-hooks-453"></a>
Besides including literal PostScript at a particular place in your
document (as described in the previous section), you can also arrange to
execute arbitrary PostScript code at particular times while the
PostScript is printing.
- <p><a name="index-bop_002dhook-430"></a><a name="index-eop_002dhook-431"></a><a name="index-start_002dhook-432"></a><a name="index-end_002dhook-433"></a>If any of the PostScript names <code>bop-hook</code>, <code>eop-hook</code>,
+ <p><a name="index-bop_002dhook-454"></a><a name="index-eop_002dhook-455"></a><a name="index-start_002dhook-456"></a><a name="index-end_002dhook-457"></a>If any of the PostScript names <code>bop-hook</code>, <code>eop-hook</code>,
<code>start-hook</code>, or <code>end-hook</code> are defined in <code>userdict</code>,
they will be executed at the beginning of a page, end of a page, start
of the document, and end of a document, respectively.
- <p><a name="index-draft-copies-434"></a><a name="index-dated-output-435"></a>When these macros are executed, the default PostScript coordinate system
+ <p><a name="index-draft-copies-458"></a><a name="index-dated-output-459"></a>When these macros are executed, the default PostScript coordinate system
and origin is in effect. Such macros can be defined in headers added by
-the `<samp><span class="samp">-h</span></samp>' option or the `<samp><span class="samp">header=</span></samp>' special, and might be useful
+the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-h</span></samp>&rsquo; option or the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">header=</span></samp>&rsquo; special, and might be useful
for writing, for instance, `DRAFT' across the entire page, or, with the
aid of a shell script, dating the document. These macros are executed
outside of the save/restore context of the individual pages, so it is
@@ -2475,7 +2528,7 @@ possible for them to accumulate information, but if a document must be
divided into sections because of memory constraints, such added
information will be lost across section breaks.
- <p><a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040code_007bbop_002dhook_007d-436"></a>The single argument to <code>bop-hook</code> is the physical page number; the
+ <p><a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040code_007bbop_002dhook_007d-460"></a>The single argument to <code>bop-hook</code> is the physical page number; the
first page gets zero, the second one, etc. <code>bop-hook</code> must leave
this number on the stack. None of the other hooks are passed arguments.
@@ -2486,10 +2539,10 @@ a light grey `DRAFT' across each page in the document:
65 rotate /Times-Roman findfont 216 scalefont setfont
0 0 moveto 0.7 setgray (DRAFT) show grestore}def end}
</pre>
- <p><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-and-multi_002dpage-information_007d-437"></a>Using <code>bop-hook</code> or <code>eop-hook</code> to preserve information across
+ <p><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-and-multi_002dpage-information_007d-461"></a>Using <code>bop-hook</code> or <code>eop-hook</code> to preserve information across
pages breaks compliance with the Adobe document structuring conventions,
-so if you use any such tricks, you may also want to use the `<samp><span class="samp">-N</span></samp>'
-option to turn off structured comments (such as `<samp><span class="samp">%%Page</span></samp>').
+so if you use any such tricks, you may also want to use the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-N</span></samp>&rsquo;
+option to turn off structured comments (such as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%%Page</span></samp>&rsquo;).
Otherwise, programs that read your file will assume its pages are
independent.
@@ -2503,7 +2556,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a>
<h4 class="subsection">5.3.5 Literal examples</h4>
-<p><a name="index-literal-PostScript_002c-examples-438"></a><a name="index-examples-of-literal-PostScript-439"></a>
+<p><a name="index-literal-PostScript_002c-examples-462"></a><a name="index-examples-of-literal-PostScript-463"></a>
To finish off this section, the following examples of literal PostScript
are presented without explanation:
@@ -2519,7 +2572,7 @@ are presented without explanation:
\line{\hss\hskip4pt NEAT\hss}\vss}\special{ps:0 setgray}%
\hbox{\raise2pt\line{\hss NEAT\hss}\special{ps:grestore}}\vss}
</pre>
- <p><a name="index-g_t_005crotninety-440"></a><a name="index-gsave_0040r_007b_002f_007dgrestore_0040r_007b_002c-and-literal-PS_007d-441"></a><a name="index-save_0040r_007b_002f_007drestore_0040r_007b_002c-and-literal-PS_007d-442"></a>Some caveats are in order, however. Make sure that each <code>gsave</code> is
+ <p><a name="index-g_t_005crotninety-464"></a><a name="index-gsave_0040r_007b_002f_007dgrestore_0040r_007b_002c-and-literal-PS_007d-465"></a><a name="index-save_0040r_007b_002f_007drestore_0040r_007b_002c-and-literal-PS_007d-466"></a>Some caveats are in order, however. Make sure that each <code>gsave</code> is
matched with a <code>grestore</code> on the same page. Do not use <code>save</code>
and <code>restore</code>; they can interact with the PostScript generated by
Dvips if care is not taken. Try to understand what the above macros are
@@ -2536,13 +2589,13 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interacti
<h3 class="section">5.4 HyperTeXt</h3>
-<p><a name="index-hypertext-support-443"></a>
-<a name="index-g_t_002dz-444"></a><a name="index-html-_0040r_007bspecials_007d-445"></a><a name="index-pdfmark-446"></a>Dvips has support for producing hypertext PostScript documents. If you
-specify the `<samp><span class="samp">-z</span></samp>' option, the <samp><span class="file">html:</span></samp> specials described below
-will be converted into `<samp><span class="samp">pdfmark</span></samp>' PostScript operators to specify
-links. Without `<samp><span class="samp">-z</span></samp>', <samp><span class="file">html:</span></samp> specials are ignored.
+<p><a name="index-hypertext-support-467"></a>
+<a name="index-g_t_002dz-468"></a><a name="index-html-_0040r_007bspecials_007d-469"></a><a name="index-pdfmark-470"></a>Dvips has support for producing hypertext PostScript documents. If you
+specify the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-z</span></samp>&rsquo; option, the <samp><span class="file">html:</span></samp> specials described below
+will be converted into &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">pdfmark</span></samp>&rsquo; PostScript operators to specify
+links. Without &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-z</span></samp>&rsquo;, <samp><span class="file">html:</span></samp> specials are ignored.
- <p><a name="index-distiller_002c-for-PDF-files-447"></a><a name="index-PDF-files_002c-making-448"></a>The resulting PostScript can then be processed by a distiller program to
+ <p><a name="index-distiller_002c-for-PDF-files-471"></a><a name="index-PDF-files_002c-making-472"></a>The resulting PostScript can then be processed by a distiller program to
make a PDF file. (It can still be handled by ordinary PostScript
interpreters as well.) Various versions of both PC and Unix distillers
are supported; Ghostscript includes limited distiller support
@@ -2552,8 +2605,8 @@ are supported; Ghostscript includes limited distiller support
first place are available from <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/support/hypertex</span></samp>. For
CTAN info, see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>.
- <p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bhttp_003a_002f_002fwww_002ewin_002etue_002enl_002f_007edickie_002fidvi_007d-449"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bhttp_003a_002f_002fxxx_002elanl_002egov_002fhypertex_007d-450"></a><a name="index-Doyle_002c-Mark-451"></a><a name="index-Bhattacharya_002c-Tanmoy-452"></a><a name="index-Java-DVI-reader-453"></a><a name="index-idvi-_0040r_007bJava-DVI-reader_007d-454"></a><a name="index-dvihps_0040r_007b_002c-hyperdvi-to-PostScript_007d-455"></a>This hypertext support (and original form of the documentation) was
-written by Mark Doyle and Tanmoy Bhattacharya as the `<samp><span class="samp">dvihps</span></samp>'
+ <p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bhttp_003a_002f_002fwww_002ewin_002etue_002enl_002f_007edickie_002fidvi_007d-473"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bhttp_003a_002f_002fxxx_002elanl_002egov_002fhypertex_007d-474"></a><a name="index-Doyle_002c-Mark-475"></a><a name="index-Bhattacharya_002c-Tanmoy-476"></a><a name="index-Java-DVI-reader-477"></a><a name="index-idvi-_0040r_007bJava-DVI-reader_007d-478"></a><a name="index-dvihps_0040r_007b_002c-hyperdvi-to-PostScript_007d-479"></a>This hypertext support (and original form of the documentation) was
+written by Mark Doyle and Tanmoy Bhattacharya as the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dvihps</span></samp>&rsquo;
program. You can retrieve their software and additional documentation
via the CTAN reference above. You may also be interested in the Java
previewer IDVI, available at <a href="http://www.win.tue.nl/~dickie/idvi">http://www.win.tue.nl/~dickie/idvi</a>,
@@ -2578,8 +2631,8 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a>
<h4 class="subsection">5.4.1 Hypertext caveats</h4>
-<p><a name="index-hypertext-caveats-456"></a>
-<a name="index-Computer-Modern-in-PostScript-457"></a><a name="index-hypertext-and-bitmap-fonts-458"></a><a name="index-hypertext-caveats-459"></a><a name="index-embedding-Type-1-fonts-460"></a><a name="index-PDF-files_002c-font-quality-461"></a>If you intend to go all the way to PDF, you may want to use the standard
+<p><a name="index-hypertext-caveats-480"></a>
+<a name="index-Computer-Modern-in-PostScript-481"></a><a name="index-hypertext-and-bitmap-fonts-482"></a><a name="index-hypertext-caveats-483"></a><a name="index-embedding-Type-1-fonts-484"></a><a name="index-PDF-files_002c-font-quality-485"></a>If you intend to go all the way to PDF, you may want to use the standard
35 PostScript fonts exclusively, since other fonts are embedded as
bitmaps by default. The Adobe PDF readers are extremely slow when
dealing with bitmap fonts and the results look terrible on the screen.
@@ -2591,7 +2644,7 @@ They can also be converted to PDF files that can be used effectively at
any screen or printer resolution.
<p>To get the TeX fonts embedded in the PostScript file as Type 1 fonts,
-add `<samp><span class="samp">-Ppdf</span></samp>' to the dvips command line switches. The printout
+add &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-Ppdf</span></samp>&rsquo; to the dvips command line switches. The printout
for a run should look something like this:
<pre class="smallexample"> dvips report -Ppdf -o report.ps
@@ -2609,7 +2662,7 @@ it to an ASCII encoding, and embedded it. You can confirm this by
examining the PostScript output file, looking for the section starting
<code>%%BeginFont: CMR10</code> followed by an entry <code>/FontType 1 def</code>.
- <p>The `<samp><span class="samp">-Ppdf</span></samp>' option requires that the relevant outline
+ <p>The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-Ppdf</span></samp>&rsquo; option requires that the relevant outline
(<samp><span class="file">.pfa</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">.pfb</span></samp>) files be installed (see <a href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>). For example, the <samp><span class="file">cmr10</span></samp> file might be in
<samp><span class="file">/usr/share/texmf/fonts/type1/bluesky/cm/cmr10.pfb</span></samp>. Your TeX
distribution may make those fonts available in a separate optional
@@ -2625,9 +2678,9 @@ Ghostscript. The <code>ps2pdf</code> that comes with <code>Ghostscript</code>
version 6.0 or earlier will not embed Type 1 fonts. Current
recommendations are GNU Ghostscript 6.51 or Aladdin Ghostscript 7.0.
You can check the fonts in a PDF file with Acrobat Reader by selecting
-the menu entries `<samp><span class="samp">File|Document Info|Fonts</span></samp>'.
+the menu entries &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">File|Document Info|Fonts</span></samp>&rsquo;.
- <p><a name="index-psi-character-missing-462"></a><a name="index-trailing-spaces_002c-dropped-463"></a><a name="index-spaces_002c-dropped-trailing-464"></a>Also, the Adobe distillers prior to 2.1 drop trailing space characters
+ <p><a name="index-psi-character-missing-486"></a><a name="index-trailing-spaces_002c-dropped-487"></a><a name="index-spaces_002c-dropped-trailing-488"></a>Also, the Adobe distillers prior to 2.1 drop trailing space characters
(character code 32) from strings. Unfortunately, the PostScript fonts
use this character code for characters other than space (notably the
Greek letter psi in the <code>Symbol</code> font), and so these characters are
@@ -2638,7 +2691,7 @@ blanks in strings to a character code that isn't in the font. This works
because the default behavior is to substitute a blank for a missing
character, i.e., the distiller is fooled into substituting the right
character. For instance, with the Blue Sky fonts, you can globally
-replace `<samp><span class="samp"> )</span></samp>' with `<samp><span class="samp">\200)</span></samp>' (with <code>sed</code>, for example) and
+replace &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp"> )</span></samp>&rsquo; with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\200)</span></samp>&rsquo; (with <code>sed</code>, for example) and
get the desired result. With the public domain fonts, you will probably
have to use a character code in the range 128 to 191 since these fonts
duplicate the first 32 characters starting at 192 to avoid MS-DOS
@@ -2666,8 +2719,8 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a>
<h4 class="subsection">5.4.2 Hypertext specials</h4>
-<p><a name="index-hypertext-specials-465"></a><a name="index-specials_002c-hypertext-466"></a>
-<a name="index-Smith_002c-Arthur-467"></a>Current support for the World Wide Web in the TeX system does not
+<p><a name="index-hypertext-specials-489"></a><a name="index-specials_002c-hypertext-490"></a>
+<a name="index-Smith_002c-Arthur-491"></a>Current support for the World Wide Web in the TeX system does not
involve modifying TeX itself. We need only define some specials;
Arthur Smith (<a href="mailto:apsmith@aps.org">apsmith@aps.org</a>), Tanmoy Bhattacharya, and Paul
Ginsparg originally proposed and implemented the following:
@@ -2681,49 +2734,49 @@ Ginsparg originally proposed and implemented the following:
are uninterpreted by TeX itself. They are instructions to DVI
processors only.
- <p><a name="index-uniform-resource-locator-468"></a><a name="index-extended-URL-469"></a><a name="index-URL_002c-extended-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-470"></a><a name="index-Murphy_002c-Tim-471"></a>Here, <var>xurl</var> is a standard WWW uniform resource locator (URL),
-possibly extended with a `<samp><span class="samp">#</span><var>type</var><span class="samp">.</span><var>string</var></samp>' construct,
-where <var>type</var> is `<samp><span class="samp">page</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">section</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">equation</span></samp>',
-`<samp><span class="samp">reference</span></samp>' (for bibliographic references), `<samp><span class="samp">figure</span></samp>',
-`<samp><span class="samp">table</span></samp>', etc. For example,
+ <p><a name="index-uniform-resource-locator-492"></a><a name="index-extended-URL-493"></a><a name="index-URL_002c-extended-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-494"></a><a name="index-Murphy_002c-Tim-495"></a>Here, <var>xurl</var> is a standard WWW uniform resource locator (URL),
+possibly extended with a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">#</span><var>type</var><span class="samp">.</span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo; construct,
+where <var>type</var> is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">page</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">section</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">equation</span></samp>&rsquo;,
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">reference</span></samp>&rsquo; (for bibliographic references), &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">figure</span></samp>&rsquo;,
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">table</span></samp>&rsquo;, etc. For example,
<pre class="smallexample"> \special{html:&lt;a href="http://www.maths.tcd.ie/~tim/ch1.dvi#equation.1.1"&gt;}
</pre>
<p class="noindent">is a link to equation (1.1) in an example document by Tim Murphy.
- <p><a name="index-URL_002c-definition-472"></a>See the URL <a href="http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/Addressing/Addressing.html">http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/Addressing/Addressing.html</a>
+ <p><a name="index-URL_002c-definition-496"></a>See the URL <a href="http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/Addressing/Addressing.html">http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/Addressing/Addressing.html</a>
for a precise description of base URL's.
<p>Descriptions of the <code>\special</code>'s:
<dl>
-<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">href</span></samp>'<a name="index-href-473"></a><dd><a name="index-links_002c-hypertext-474"></a>Creates links in your TeX document. For example:
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">href</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-href-497"></a><dd><a name="index-links_002c-hypertext-498"></a>Creates links in your TeX document. For example:
<pre class="example"> \special{html:&lt;a href="http://www.tug.org/"&gt;}\TeX\ Users
Group\special{html:&lt;/a&gt;}
- </pre>
+</pre>
<p class="noindent">The user will be able to click on the text `TeX Users
Group' while running Xdvi and get to the TUG home page. (By the way,
this is for illustration. In practice, you most likely want to use
macros to insert the <code>\special</code> commands; reference above.)
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">name</span></samp>'<a name="index-name-475"></a><dd><a name="index-Anderson_002c-Laurie-476"></a>Defines URL targets in your TeX documents, so links can be
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">name</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-name-499"></a><dd><a name="index-Anderson_002c-Laurie-500"></a>Defines URL targets in your TeX documents, so links can be
resolved. For example:
<pre class="example"> \special{html:&lt;a name="paradise"&gt;}Paradise\special{html:&lt;/a&gt;}
is exactly where you are right now.
- </pre>
- <p>This will resolve an `<samp><span class="samp">href="#paradise"</span></samp>'. You'll also have to
-change the catcode of `<samp><span class="samp">#</span></samp>', etc. It's usually easiest to use
+</pre>
+ <p>This will resolve an &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">href="#paradise"</span></samp>&rsquo;. You'll also have to
+change the catcode of &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">#</span></samp>&rsquo;, etc. It's usually easiest to use
existing macro packages which take care of all the details, such as
<samp><span class="file">hyperref</span></samp> for LaTeX. The <a href="http://arxiv.org/hypertex/">HyperTeX FAQ</a> has more information.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">img</span></samp>'<a name="index-img-477"></a><dd><a name="index-mailcap-_0040r_007band-hypertext_007d-478"></a>Links to an arbitrary external file. Interactively, a viewer is spawned
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">img</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-img-501"></a><dd><a name="index-mailcap-_0040r_007band-hypertext_007d-502"></a>Links to an arbitrary external file. Interactively, a viewer is spawned
to read the file according to the file extension and your <samp><span class="file">mailcap</span></samp>
file (see the Xdvi documentation).
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">base</span></samp>'<a name="index-base-479"></a><dd>Defines a base URL that is prepended to all the <code>name</code> targets.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">base</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-base-503"></a><dd>Defines a base URL that is prepended to all the <code>name</code> targets.
Typically unnecessary, as the name of the DVI file being read is used by
default.
</dl>
- <p>The `<samp><span class="samp">img</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">base</span></samp>' tags are not yet implemented in Dvips or
+ <p>The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">img</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">base</span></samp>&rsquo; tags are not yet implemented in Dvips or
the NeXTSTEP DVI viewer.
<div class="node">
@@ -2737,14 +2790,14 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<h2 class="chapter">6 PostScript fonts</h2>
-<p><a name="index-PostScript-fonts-480"></a>
+<p><a name="index-PostScript-fonts-504"></a>
Dvips supports the use of PostScript fonts in TeX documents. To use
a PostScript font conveniently, you need to prepare a corresponding
virtual font; the program Afm2tfm, supplied with Dvips, helps
with that.
<p>All the necessary support for the standard 35 PostScript fonts
-(`<samp><span class="samp">AvantGarde-Book</span></samp>' through `<samp><span class="samp">ZapfDingbats</span></samp>'), plus other freely
+(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">AvantGarde-Book</span></samp>&rsquo; through &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ZapfDingbats</span></samp>&rsquo;), plus other freely
or commonly available PostScript fonts is available along with Dvips.
To use these fonts, you need do nothing beyond what is mentioned in the
installation procedure (see <a href="#Installation">Installation</a>). This chapter is
@@ -2768,7 +2821,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a>
<h3 class="section">6.1 Font concepts</h3>
-<p><a name="index-font-concepts-481"></a>
+<p><a name="index-font-concepts-505"></a>
The information needed to typeset using a particular font is contained
in two files: a <dfn>metric file</dfn> that contains shape-independent
information and a <dfn>glyph file</dfn> that contains the actual shapes of
@@ -2800,7 +2853,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>
<h4 class="subsection">6.1.1 Metric files</h4>
-<p><a name="index-metric-files-482"></a>
+<p><a name="index-metric-files-506"></a>
A <dfn>metric file</dfn> describes properties of the font that are
independent of what the characters actually look like. Aside from
general information about the font itself, a metric file has two kinds
@@ -2810,40 +2863,40 @@ character code, and information about sequences of characters.
<p>The per-character information specifies the width, height, depth, and
italic correction of each character in the font. Any might be zero.
- <p><a name="index-kerning_002c-defined-483"></a><a name="index-ligature_002c-defined-484"></a>In addition to information on individual characters, the metric file
+ <p><a name="index-kerning_002c-defined-507"></a><a name="index-ligature_002c-defined-508"></a>In addition to information on individual characters, the metric file
specifies <dfn>kerning</dfn>, i.e., adding or removing space between
particular character pairs. It further specifies <dfn>ligature</dfn>
information: when a sequence of input characters should be typeset as a
single (presumably different) &ldquo;ligature&rdquo; character. For example, it's
-traditional for the input `<samp><span class="samp">fi</span></samp>' to be typeset as `fi', not as
+traditional for the input &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">fi</span></samp>&rsquo; to be typeset as `fi', not as
`<span class="roman">f</span><span class="roman">i</span>' (with the dot of the `i' colliding with `f'). (In English,
the only common ligatures are fi, fl, ff, ffi, and ffl.)
<p>Different typesetting systems use different metric file formats:
<ul>
-<li><a name="index-afm-files-485"></a><a name="index-g_t_002eafm-_0040r_007bAdobe-metric-files_007d-486"></a>Each Postscript font has an <dfn>Adobe font metrics</dfn> (`<samp><span class="samp">.afm</span></samp>')
+<li><a name="index-afm-files-509"></a><a name="index-g_t_002eafm-_0040r_007bAdobe-metric-files_007d-510"></a>Each Postscript font has an <dfn>Adobe font metrics</dfn> (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.afm</span></samp>&rsquo;)
file. These files are plain text, so you can inspect them easily. You
can get AFM files for Adobe's fonts from
<a href="ftp://ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/Fonts/AFMs">ftp://ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/Fonts/AFMs</a>.
- <li><a name="index-tfm-files-487"></a><a name="index-g_t_002etfm-_0040r_007b_0040TeX_007b_007d-font-metric-files_007d-488"></a>TeX uses <dfn>TeX font metrics</dfn> (`<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>') files. When you say
-`<samp><span class="samp">\font = </span><var>font</var></samp>' in your TeX document, TeX reads a file
-named `<samp><var>font</var><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>'. (Well, except for the <samp><span class="file">texfonts.map</span></samp>
+ <li><a name="index-tfm-files-511"></a><a name="index-g_t_002etfm-_0040r_007b_0040TeX_007b_007d-font-metric-files_007d-512"></a>TeX uses <dfn>TeX font metrics</dfn> (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>&rsquo;) files. When you say
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\font = </span><var>font</var></samp>&rsquo; in your TeX document, TeX reads a file
+named &lsquo;<samp><var>font</var><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>&rsquo;. (Well, except for the <samp><span class="file">texfonts.map</span></samp>
feature; see <a href="kpathsea.html#Fontmap">Fontmap</a>). TeX can then
calculate the space occupied by characters from the font when
typesetting. In addition, the DVI drivers you use to print or view the
DVI file produced by TeX may need to look at the TFM file.
- <p><a name="index-property-list-files-489"></a><a name="index-tftopl-490"></a><a name="index-pltotf-491"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epl-_0040r_007bproperty-list-files_007d-492"></a>TFM files are binary (and hence are typically much smaller than AFM
+ <p><a name="index-property-list-files-513"></a><a name="index-tftopl-514"></a><a name="index-pltotf-515"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epl-_0040r_007bproperty-list-files_007d-516"></a>TFM files are binary (and hence are typically much smaller than AFM
files). You can use the <code>tftopl</code> program (see <a href="web2c.html#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a>) that comes with TeX to transform a TFM
-file into a human-readable &ldquo;property list&rdquo; (`<samp><span class="samp">.pl</span></samp>') file. You can
+file into a human-readable &ldquo;property list&rdquo; (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.pl</span></samp>&rsquo;) file. You can
also edit a PL file and transform it back to a TeX-readable TFM with
the companion program <code>pltotf</code> (see <a href="web2c.html#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a>). Editing metrics by hand is not something you're likely to want
to do often, but the capability is there.
- <li><a name="index-pfm-files-493"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epfm-_0040r_007bprinter-font-metric-files_007d-494"></a>ATM and other typesetting systems use <dfn>printer font metric</dfn>
-(`<samp><span class="samp">.pfm</span></samp>') files. These are binary files. They are irrelevant in the
+ <li><a name="index-pfm-files-517"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epfm-_0040r_007bprinter-font-metric-files_007d-518"></a>ATM and other typesetting systems use <dfn>printer font metric</dfn>
+(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.pfm</span></samp>&rsquo;) files. These are binary files. They are irrelevant in the
TeX world, and not freely available, so we will not discuss them
further.
@@ -2864,7 +2917,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>
<h4 class="subsection">6.1.2 Glyph files</h4>
-<p><a name="index-glyph-files-495"></a>
+<p><a name="index-glyph-files-519"></a>
Although a metric file (see the previous section) contains information
about the spatial and other properties of the character at position 75,
say, it contains nothing about what the character at position 75
@@ -2876,7 +2929,7 @@ know character shapes.
<p>A <dfn>glyph file</dfn> is a file that defines the shapes of the characters
in a font. The shapes can be defined either by outlines or by bitmaps.
- <p><a name="index-outline-fonts-496"></a><a name="index-arcs-497"></a><a name="index-splines-498"></a>PostScript fonts are defined as <dfn>outline fonts</dfn>: Each character in
+ <p><a name="index-outline-fonts-520"></a><a name="index-arcs-521"></a><a name="index-splines-522"></a>PostScript fonts are defined as <dfn>outline fonts</dfn>: Each character in
the font is defined by giving the mathematical curves (lines, arcs, and
splines) that define its contours. Different sizes of a character are
generated by linearly scaling a single shape. For example, a 10-point
@@ -2884,25 +2937,25 @@ generated by linearly scaling a single shape. For example, a 10-point
usually also contain <dfn>hints</dfn>&mdash;additional information to improve the
appearance of the font at small sizes or low resolutions.
- <p><a name="index-Type-1-fonts-499"></a><a name="index-pfa-files-500"></a><a name="index-pfb-files-501"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epfa-_0040r_007bprinter-font-ascii-files_007d-502"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epfb-_0040r_007bprinter-font-binary-files_007d-503"></a>Although various kinds of PostScript outline fonts exist, by far the
+ <p><a name="index-Type-1-fonts-523"></a><a name="index-pfa-files-524"></a><a name="index-pfb-files-525"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epfa-_0040r_007bprinter-font-ascii-files_007d-526"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epfb-_0040r_007bprinter-font-binary-files_007d-527"></a>Although various kinds of PostScript outline fonts exist, by far the
most common, and the only one we will consider, is called <dfn>Type 1</dfn>.
The glyph files for Postscript Type 1 fonts typically have names ending
-in `<samp><span class="samp">.pfa</span></samp>' (&ldquo;printer font ASCII&rdquo;) or `<samp><span class="samp">.pfb</span></samp>' (&ldquo;printer font
+in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.pfa</span></samp>&rsquo; (&ldquo;printer font ASCII&rdquo;) or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.pfb</span></samp>&rsquo; (&ldquo;printer font
binary&rdquo;).
- <p><a name="index-bitmap-fonts-504"></a><a name="index-g_t_002emf-_0040r_007bMetafont-source-files_007d-505"></a><a name="index-Metafont-source-files-506"></a>In contrast, glyph files for Computer Modern and the other standard
+ <p><a name="index-bitmap-fonts-528"></a><a name="index-g_t_002emf-_0040r_007bMetafont-source-files_007d-529"></a><a name="index-Metafont-source-files-530"></a>In contrast, glyph files for Computer Modern and the other standard
TeX fonts are <dfn>bitmap fonts</dfn>, generated from Metafont
-(`<samp><span class="samp">.mf</span></samp>') descriptions. The Metafont program distributed with TeX
+(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.mf</span></samp>&rsquo;) descriptions. The Metafont program distributed with TeX
generates bitmaps from these descriptions.
- <p><a name="index-pk-files-507"></a><a name="index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007dpk-_0040r_007bpacked-font-bitmaps_007d-508"></a>The glyph files for TeX bitmap fonts are usually stored in
+ <p><a name="index-pk-files-531"></a><a name="index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007dpk-_0040r_007bpacked-font-bitmaps_007d-532"></a>The glyph files for TeX bitmap fonts are usually stored in
<dfn>packed font</dfn> (PK) files. The names of these files end in
-`<samp><span class="samp">.</span><var>nnn</var><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>', where <var>nnn</var> is the resolution of the font in
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.</span><var>nnn</var><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>&rsquo;, where <var>nnn</var> is the resolution of the font in
dots per inch. For example, <samp><span class="file">cmr10.600pk</span></samp> contains the bitmaps for
-the `<samp><span class="samp">cmr10</span></samp>' font at a resolution of 600<span class="dmn">dpi</span>. (On DOS
+the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">cmr10</span></samp>&rsquo; font at a resolution of 600<span class="dmn">dpi</span>. (On DOS
filesystems, it's more likely <samp><span class="file">dpi600\cmr10.pk</span></samp>.)
- <p><a name="index-gf-files-509"></a><a name="index-gftopk-510"></a>Metafont actually outputs <dfn>generic font</dfn> (GF) files, e.g.,
+ <p><a name="index-gf-files-533"></a><a name="index-gftopk-534"></a>Metafont actually outputs <dfn>generic font</dfn> (GF) files, e.g.,
<samp><span class="file">cmr10.600gf</span></samp>, but the GF files are usually converted immediately
to PK format (using the <code>gftopk</code> utility that comes with TeX)
since PK files are smaller and contain the same information. (The GF
@@ -2919,7 +2972,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>
<h4 class="subsection">6.1.3 Virtual fonts</h4>
-<p><a name="index-virtual-fonts-511"></a>
+<p><a name="index-virtual-fonts-535"></a>
A <dfn>virtual font</dfn> is constructed by extracting characters from one or
more existing fonts and rearranging them, or synthesizing new characters
in various ways. The explanation in this manual is intended to suffice
@@ -2931,13 +2984,13 @@ Wizards&rdquo; (<samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/info/virtual-fonts.knu
see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>). (Don't be intimidated by
the subtitle.)
- <p><a name="index-vf-files-512"></a><a name="index-vpl-files-513"></a>A virtual font (`<samp><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>') file specifies, for each character in the
+ <p><a name="index-vf-files-536"></a><a name="index-vpl-files-537"></a>A virtual font (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>&rsquo;) file specifies, for each character in the
virtual font, a recipe for typesetting that character. A VF file, like
a TFM file, is in a compressed binary format. The <code>vftovp</code> and
<code>vptovf</code> programs convert a VF file to a human-readable VPL
(virtual property list) format and back again. See <a href="web2c.html#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a>, and <a href="web2c.html#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a>.
- <p><a name="index-base-fonts-514"></a>In the case of a PostScript font <var>f</var> being used in a straightforward
+ <p><a name="index-base-fonts-538"></a>In the case of a PostScript font <var>f</var> being used in a straightforward
way, the recipe says: character <var>i</var> in the VF font is character
<var>j</var> in font <var>f</var>. The font <var>f</var> is called a <dfn>base font</dfn>.
For example, the VF file could remap the characters of the PostScript
@@ -2948,7 +3001,7 @@ See <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>.
corresponding TFM for use with TeX. This corresponding TFM is
created when you run <code>vptovf</code>.
- <p><a name="index-expansion_002c-of-virtual-fonts-515"></a><a name="index-virtual-font-expansion-516"></a>You can <dfn>expand</dfn> virtual fonts into their base fonts with DVIcopy
+ <p><a name="index-expansion_002c-of-virtual-fonts-539"></a><a name="index-virtual-font-expansion-540"></a>You can <dfn>expand</dfn> virtual fonts into their base fonts with DVIcopy
(see <a href="web2c.html#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a>). This is useful if you are
using a DVI translator that doesn't understand vf's itself.
@@ -2963,7 +3016,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>
<h4 class="subsection">6.1.4 Encodings</h4>
-<p><a name="index-encodings-517"></a>
+<p><a name="index-encodings-541"></a>
Every font, whatever its type, has an <dfn>encoding</dfn>, that specifies the
correspondence between &ldquo;logical&rdquo; characters and character codes. For
example, the ASCII encoding specifies that the character numbered 65
@@ -2973,7 +3026,7 @@ character at that position looks like; there are lots of ways to draw an
specify how much space that character occupies; that information is in a
metric file (see <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a>).
- <p><a name="index-Computer-Modern_002c-encoding-of-518"></a>TeX implicitly assumes a particular encoding for the fonts you use
+ <p><a name="index-Computer-Modern_002c-encoding-of-542"></a>TeX implicitly assumes a particular encoding for the fonts you use
with it. For example, the plain TeX macro <code>\'</code>, which typesets
an acute accent over the following letter, assumes the acute accent is
at position 19 (decimal). This happens to be true of standard TeX
@@ -2985,17 +3038,17 @@ particular character positions. A better solution is to create a new
font with the information for the acute accent at position 19, where
TeX expects it to be. See <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a>.
- <p><a name="index-PostScript-encoding-519"></a><a name="index-encoding-files-520"></a><a name="index-encoding-vectors_002c-defined-521"></a>
+ <p><a name="index-PostScript-encoding-543"></a><a name="index-encoding-files-544"></a><a name="index-encoding-vectors_002c-defined-545"></a>
PostScript represents encodings as a sequence of 256 character names
-called an <dfn>encoding vector</dfn>. An <dfn>encoding file</dfn> (`<samp><span class="samp">.enc</span></samp>')
+called an <dfn>encoding vector</dfn>. An <dfn>encoding file</dfn> (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.enc</span></samp>&rsquo;)
gives such a vector, together with ligature and kerning information
(with which we are not concerned at the moment). These encoding files
are used by the Afm2tfm program. Encoding files are also downloaded to
the PostScript interpreter in your printer if you use one of them in
place of the default encoding vector for a particular PostScript font.
- <p><a name="index-dvips_002eenc-522"></a><a name="index-g_t8r_002eenc-523"></a><a name="index-texmext_002eenc-524"></a><a name="index-texmital_002eenc-525"></a><a name="index-texmsym_002eenc-526"></a><a name="index-reencode_002f_002a_002eenc-527"></a>Examples of encodings: the <samp><span class="file">dvips.enc</span></samp> encoding file that comes
-with Dvips in the `<samp><span class="samp">reencode</span></samp>' directory is a good (but not perfect)
+ <p><a name="index-dvips_002eenc-546"></a><a name="index-g_t8r_002eenc-547"></a><a name="index-texmext_002eenc-548"></a><a name="index-texmital_002eenc-549"></a><a name="index-texmsym_002eenc-550"></a><a name="index-reencode_002f_002a_002eenc-551"></a>Examples of encodings: the <samp><span class="file">dvips.enc</span></samp> encoding file that comes
+with Dvips in the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">reencode</span></samp>&rsquo; directory is a good (but not perfect)
approximation to the TeX encoding for TeX's Computer Modern text
fonts. This is the encoding of the fonts that originated with Dvips,
such as <samp><span class="file">ptmr.tfm</span></samp>. The distribution includes many other encoding
@@ -3015,7 +3068,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>
<h4 class="subsection">6.1.5 How PostScript typesets a character</h4>
-<p><a name="index-typesetting-in-PostScript-528"></a><a name="index-character-lookup-procedure-in-PostScript-529"></a>
+<p><a name="index-typesetting-in-PostScript-552"></a><a name="index-character-lookup-procedure-in-PostScript-553"></a>
The output of Dvips is a program in the PostScript language that
instructs your (presumably PostScript-capable) printer how to typeset
your document by transforming it into toner on paper. Your printer, in
@@ -3024,7 +3077,7 @@ instructions in this typesetting program.
<p>The program must include the definition of any PostScript fonts that you
use in your document. Fonts built into your printer (probably the
-standard 35: `<samp><span class="samp">Times-Roman</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">ZapfDingbats</span></samp>', <small class="dots">...</small>) are
+standard 35: &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Times-Roman</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ZapfDingbats</span></samp>&rsquo;, <small class="dots">...</small>) are
defined within the interpreter itself. Other fonts must be downloaded
as pfa or pfb files (see <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>) from your host (the computer
on which you're running Dvips).
@@ -3034,7 +3087,7 @@ what character to typeset, with this mass of metrics, glyphs, encodings,
and other information. (If you're not wondering, skip this section
<small class="dots">...</small>)
- <p><a name="index-show-_0040r_007bPostScript-operator_007d-530"></a>The basic PostScript operator for imaging characters is
+ <p><a name="index-show-_0040r_007bPostScript-operator_007d-554"></a>The basic PostScript operator for imaging characters is
<code>show</code>. Suppose you've asked TeX to typeset an `S'. This will
eventually wind up in the Dvips output as the equivalent of this
PostScript operation:
@@ -3044,11 +3097,11 @@ PostScript operation:
<p class="noindent">Here is how PostScript typesets the `S':
<ol type=1 start=1>
-<li><a name="index-ASCII-character-codes_002c-used-by-PostScript-531"></a>PostScript interpreters use ASCII; therefore `S' is represented as the
+<li><a name="index-ASCII-character-codes_002c-used-by-PostScript-555"></a>PostScript interpreters use ASCII; therefore `S' is represented as the
integer 83. (Any of the 256 possible characters representable in a
standard 8-bit byte can be typeset.)
- <li><a name="index-current-font_002c-in-PostScript-532"></a><a name="index-dictionary_002c-PostScript-language-533"></a>A PostScript <dfn>dictionary</dfn> is a mapping of names to arbitrary values.
+ <li><a name="index-current-font_002c-in-PostScript-556"></a><a name="index-dictionary_002c-PostScript-language-557"></a>A PostScript <dfn>dictionary</dfn> is a mapping of names to arbitrary values.
A font, to the interpreter, is a dictionary which contains entries for
certain names. (If these entries are missing, the interpreter refuses
to do anything with that font.)
@@ -3056,20 +3109,20 @@ to do anything with that font.)
<p>PostScript has a notion of &ldquo;the current font&rdquo;&mdash;whatever font is
currently being typeset in.
- <li><a name="index-encoding-vectors_002c-in-Type-1-fonts-534"></a><a name="index-Encoding-_0040r_007bType-1-dictionary_007d-535"></a>One of the mandatory entries in a font dictionary is `<samp><span class="samp">Encoding</span></samp>',
+ <li><a name="index-encoding-vectors_002c-in-Type-1-fonts-558"></a><a name="index-Encoding-_0040r_007bType-1-dictionary_007d-559"></a>One of the mandatory entries in a font dictionary is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Encoding</span></samp>&rsquo;,
which defines the encoding vector (see <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>) for that font.
This vector of 256 names maps each possible input character to a name.
<li>The interpreter retrieves the entry at position 83 of the encoding
vector. This value is a PostScript name: <code>/S</code>.
- <li><a name="index-CharStrings-_0040r_007bType-1-dictionary_007d-536"></a><a name="index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007bCharStrings_007d-537"></a>For Type 1 fonts (we're not going to discuss anything else), the
+ <li><a name="index-CharStrings-_0040r_007bType-1-dictionary_007d-560"></a><a name="index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007bCharStrings_007d-561"></a>For Type 1 fonts (we're not going to discuss anything else), the
interpreter now looks up <code>/S</code> as a key in a dictionary named
<code>CharStrings</code>, another mandatory entry in a font dictionary.
- <li><a name="index-hints-538"></a><a name="index-character-definitions-in-PostScript-539"></a>The value of <code>S</code> in <code>CharStrings</code> is the equivalent of a
-series of standard PostScript commands like `<samp><span class="samp">curveto</span></samp>',
-`<samp><span class="samp">lineto</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">fill</span></samp>', and so on. These commands are executed to
+ <li><a name="index-hints-562"></a><a name="index-character-definitions-in-PostScript-563"></a>The value of <code>S</code> in <code>CharStrings</code> is the equivalent of a
+series of standard PostScript commands like &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">curveto</span></samp>&rsquo;,
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">lineto</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">fill</span></samp>&rsquo;, and so on. These commands are executed to
draw the character. There can also be <dfn>hint information</dfn> that helps
adapt the character to low-resolution rasters. (See <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>.)
The commands are actually represented in a more compact way than
@@ -3092,7 +3145,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a>
<h3 class="section">6.2 Making a PostScript font available</h3>
-<p><a name="index-installing-fonts-540"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-installing-541"></a>
+<p><a name="index-installing-fonts-564"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-installing-565"></a>
To make a PostScript font available in a TeX document, you need to
install the font on your system and then define it within the document.
Once you have installed the font, of course, it is available for any
@@ -3100,7 +3153,7 @@ document thereafter and you don't need to reinstall it. You must have
an AFM file for any font you install. Unless the font is built into your
printer, you must also have a PFA or PFB file.
- <p>In the following examples, we use the font `<samp><span class="samp">Times-Roman</span></samp>' to
+ <p>In the following examples, we use the font &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Times-Roman</span></samp>&rsquo; to
illustrate the process. But you should use the prebuilt fonts for Times
and the other standard fonts, rather than rebuilding them. The prebuilt
fonts are made using a more complicated process than that described
@@ -3115,26 +3168,26 @@ the prebuilt fonts.
<li>Run <code>afm2tfm</code> to create a TFM file for the original font,
and the VPL form of the virtual font:
<pre class="example"> afm2tfm Times-Roman -v ptmr rptmr
- </pre>
+</pre>
<li>Run <code>vptovf</code> to generate a VF and TFM file for the virtual font
from the VPL file:
<pre class="example"> vptovf ptmr.vpl ptmr.vf ptmr.tfm
- </pre>
+</pre>
<li>Insert an entry for the font in <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> (see <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>):
<pre class="example"> rptmr Times-Roman &lt;ptmr8a.pfa
- </pre>
+</pre>
<li>Install the files in the standard locations, as in:
<pre class="example"> cp ptmr.vf <var>fontdir</var>/vf/...
cp *ptmr.tfm <var>fontdir</var>/tfm/...
cp ptmr.afm <var>fontdir</var>/afm/...
cp ptmr.pf? <var>fontdir</var>/type1/...
- </pre>
+</pre>
</ol>
<p>The simplest invocation of Afm2tfm to make virtual fonts goes something
like this:
- <p><a name="index-afm2tfm-542"></a>
+ <p><a name="index-afm2tfm-566"></a>
<pre class="example"> afm2tfm Times-Roman -v ptmr rptmr
</pre>
<p class="noindent">This reads the file <samp><span class="file">Times-Roman.afm</span></samp>, and produces two files as
@@ -3142,7 +3195,7 @@ output, namely the virtual property list'file <samp><span class="file">ptmr.vpl<
&ldquo;raw&rdquo; font metric file <samp><span class="file">rptmr.tfm</span></samp>. To use the font in TeX,
you first run
- <p><a name="index-vptovf-543"></a>
+ <p><a name="index-vptovf-567"></a>
<pre class="example"> vptovf ptmr.vpl ptmr.vf ptmr.tfm
</pre>
<p class="noindent">You should then install the virtual font file <samp><span class="file">ptmr.vf</span></samp> where Dvips
@@ -3152,11 +3205,11 @@ TeX and Dvips will see them.
<p>Using these raw fonts is not recommended; there are no raw fonts in the
prebuilt PostScript fonts distributed along with Dvips. But
nevertheless, that's how Afm2tfm presently operates, so that's what we
-document here. The `<samp><span class="samp">r</span></samp>' prefix convention is likewise historical
+document here. The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">r</span></samp>&rsquo; prefix convention is likewise historical
accident.
<p>You can also make more complex virtual fonts by editing <samp><span class="file">ptmr.vpl</span></samp>
-before running `<samp><span class="samp">vptovf</span></samp>'; such editing might add the uppercase Greek
+before running &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">vptovf</span></samp>&rsquo;; such editing might add the uppercase Greek
characters in the standard TeX positions, for instance. (This has
already been done for the prebuilt fonts.)
@@ -3165,8 +3218,8 @@ things like this in TeX:
<pre class="example"> \font\myfont = ptmr at 12pt
\myfont Hello, I am being typeset in 12-point Times-Roman.
</pre>
- <p>Thus, we have two fonts, one actual (`<samp><span class="samp">rptmr</span></samp>', which is analogous to
-the font in the printer) and one virtual (`<samp><span class="samp">ptmr</span></samp>', which has been
+ <p>Thus, we have two fonts, one actual (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">rptmr</span></samp>&rsquo;, which is analogous to
+the font in the printer) and one virtual (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ptmr</span></samp>&rsquo;, which has been
remapped to the standard TeX encoding (almost)), and has typesetting
know-how added. You could also say
@@ -3175,7 +3228,7 @@ know-how added. You could also say
<p class="noindent">and typeset directly with that, but then you would have no ligatures or
kerning, and you would have to use Adobe character positions for special
letters like
-The virtual font `<samp><span class="samp">ptmr</span></samp>' not only has ligatures and kerning, and
+The virtual font &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ptmr</span></samp>&rsquo; not only has ligatures and kerning, and
most of the standard accent conventions of TeX, it also has a few
additional features not present in the Computer Modern fonts. For
example, it includes all the Adobe characters (such as the Polish ogonek
@@ -3196,10 +3249,10 @@ printer, so there's no need to download any Type 1 file for it. But if
you are actually following these instructions for new fonts, most likely
they are not built in to the printer.
- <p><a name="index-memory_002c-used-by-PostScript-fonts-544"></a><a name="index-efficiency_002c-and-fonts-545"></a>These PostScript fonts can be scaled to any size. Go wild! Using
+ <p><a name="index-memory_002c-used-by-PostScript-fonts-568"></a><a name="index-efficiency_002c-and-fonts-569"></a>These PostScript fonts can be scaled to any size. Go wild! Using
PostScript fonts, however, does use up a great deal of the printer's
memory and it does take time. You may find downloading bitmap fonts
-(possibly compressed, with the `<samp><span class="samp">Z</span></samp>' option) to be faster than using
+(possibly compressed, with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Z</span></samp>&rsquo; option) to be faster than using
the built-in PostScript fonts.
<div class="node">
@@ -3213,7 +3266,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a>
<h3 class="section">6.3 Invoking Afm2tfm</h3>
-<p><a name="index-afm2tfm-546"></a>
+<p><a name="index-afm2tfm-570"></a>
The Afm2tfm program converts an AFM file for a PostScript font to a TFM
file and a VPL file for a corresponding virtual font (or, in its
simplest form, to a TFM file for the PostScript font itself). The
@@ -3221,7 +3274,7 @@ results of the conversion are affected by the command-line options and
especially by the reencodings you can specify with those options. You
can also obtain special effects such as an oblique font.
- <p><a name="index-fontinst-547"></a><a name="index-virtual-fonts_002c-creating-548"></a><a name="index-Jeffrey_002c-Alan-549"></a>An alternative to Afm2tfm for creating virtual fonts is Alan Jeffrey's
+ <p><a name="index-fontinst-571"></a><a name="index-virtual-fonts_002c-creating-572"></a><a name="index-Jeffrey_002c-Alan-573"></a>An alternative to Afm2tfm for creating virtual fonts is Alan Jeffrey's
<code>fontinst</code> program, available from
<samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">fonts/utilities/fontinst</span></samp> (for CTAN info,
see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>).
@@ -3242,11 +3295,11 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a>
<h4 class="subsection">6.3.1 Changing font encodings</h4>
-<p><a name="index-encoding-changes-550"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-changing-encoding-of-551"></a>
+<p><a name="index-encoding-changes-574"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-changing-encoding-of-575"></a>
Afm2tfm allows you to specify a different encoding for a PostScript font
(for a general introduction to encodings, see <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>). The
-`<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>' options changes the TeX encoding, `<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>' changes the
-PostScript encoding, and `<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>' changes both simultaneously, as
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>&rsquo; option changes the TeX encoding, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>&rsquo; changes the
+PostScript encoding, and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>&rsquo; changes both simultaneously, as
detailed in the sections below.
<ul class="menu">
@@ -3265,20 +3318,20 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font
</div>
-<h5 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.1 `<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>': Changing TeX encodings</h5>
+<h5 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.1 &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>&rsquo;: Changing TeX encodings</h5>
-<p><a name="index-changing-_0040TeX_007b_007d-encodings-552"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-encoding_002c-changing-553"></a>
-<a name="index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007btex_002denc_007d-554"></a>To build a virtual font with Afm2tfm, you specify the `<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>' or
-`<samp><span class="samp">-V</span></samp>' option. You can then specify an encoding for that virtual font
-with `<samp><span class="samp">-t </span><var>tex-enc</var></samp>'. (`<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>' is ignored if neither
-`<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>' nor `<samp><span class="samp">-V</span></samp>' is present.) Any ligature and kerning
+<p><a name="index-changing-_0040TeX_007b_007d-encodings-576"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-encoding_002c-changing-577"></a>
+<a name="index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007btex_002denc_007d-578"></a>To build a virtual font with Afm2tfm, you specify the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>&rsquo; or
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-V</span></samp>&rsquo; option. You can then specify an encoding for that virtual font
+with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-t </span><var>tex-enc</var></samp>&rsquo;. (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>&rsquo; is ignored if neither
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>&rsquo; nor &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-V</span></samp>&rsquo; is present.) Any ligature and kerning
information you specify in <var>tex-enc</var> will be used in the VPL, in
addition to the ligature and kerning information from the AFM file.
<p>If the AFM file has no entry for a character specified in <var>tex-enc</var>,
that character will be omitted from the output VPL.
- <p><a name="index-texmsym_002eenc-555"></a>The `<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>' option is likely to be needed when you have a PostScript
+ <p><a name="index-texmsym_002eenc-579"></a>The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>&rsquo; option is likely to be needed when you have a PostScript
font corresponding to a TeX font other than a normal text font such
as Computer Modern. For instance, if you have a PostScript font that
contains math symbols, you'd probably want to use the encoding in the
@@ -3295,11 +3348,11 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font
</div>
-<h5 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.2 `<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>': Changing PostScript encodings</h5>
+<h5 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.2 &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>&rsquo;: Changing PostScript encodings</h5>
-<p><a name="index-changing-PostScript-encodings-556"></a><a name="index-PostScript-encoding_002c-changing-557"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dp-_0040var_007bps_002denc_007d-558"></a>
+<p><a name="index-changing-PostScript-encodings-580"></a><a name="index-PostScript-encoding_002c-changing-581"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dp-_0040var_007bps_002denc_007d-582"></a>
By default, Afm2tfm uses the encoding it finds in the AFM file. You can
-specify a different PostScript encoding with `<samp><span class="samp">-p </span><var>ps-enc</var></samp>'.
+specify a different PostScript encoding with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p </span><var>ps-enc</var></samp>&rsquo;.
This makes the raw TFM file (the one output by Afm2tfm) have the
encoding specified in the encoding file <var>ps-enc</var>. Any ligature or
kern information specified in <var>ps-enc</var> is ignored by Afm2tfm, since
@@ -3310,13 +3363,13 @@ as part of any document that uses this font. You do this by adding a
line like the following one to <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> (see <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>):
<pre class="example"> zpopr Optima "MyEncoding ReEncodeFont" &lt;myenc.enc
</pre>
- <p><a name="index-trademark-_0040r_007bcharacter_002c-accessing_007d-559"></a><a name="index-registered-_0040r_007bcharacter_002c-accessing_007d-560"></a><a name="index-extra-characters_002c-accessing-561"></a>Using `<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>' is the only way to access characters in a PostScript
+ <p><a name="index-trademark-_0040r_007bcharacter_002c-accessing_007d-583"></a><a name="index-registered-_0040r_007bcharacter_002c-accessing_007d-584"></a><a name="index-extra-characters_002c-accessing-585"></a>Using &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>&rsquo; is the only way to access characters in a PostScript
font that are neither encoded in the AFM file nor constructed from other
-characters. For instance, Adobe's `<samp><span class="samp">Times-Roman</span></samp>' font contains the
-extra characters `<samp><span class="samp">trademark</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">registered</span></samp>' (among others);
+characters. For instance, Adobe's &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Times-Roman</span></samp>&rsquo; font contains the
+extra characters &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">trademark</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">registered</span></samp>&rsquo; (among others);
these can only be accessed through such a PostScript reencoding.
- <p><a name="index-g_t8r-_0040r_007bencoding_002c-and-extra-characters_007d-562"></a>The `8r' base encoding used for the current PostScript font
+ <p><a name="index-g_t8r-_0040r_007bencoding_002c-and-extra-characters_007d-586"></a>The `8r' base encoding used for the current PostScript font
distribution does do this reencoding, for precisely this reason.
<div class="node">
@@ -3328,12 +3381,12 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font
</div>
-<h5 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.3 `<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>': Changing both TeX and PostScript encodings</h5>
+<h5 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.3 &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>&rsquo;: Changing both TeX and PostScript encodings</h5>
-<p><a name="index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007benc_002dfile_007d-563"></a>
-The option `<samp><span class="samp">-T </span><var>enc-file</var></samp>' is equivalent to `<samp><span class="samp">-p
-</span><var>enc-file</var><span class="samp"> -t </span><var>enc-file</var></samp>'. If you make regular use of a private
-non-standard reencoding `<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>' is usually a better idea than the
+<p><a name="index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007benc_002dfile_007d-587"></a>
+The option &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-T </span><var>enc-file</var></samp>&rsquo; is equivalent to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p
+</span><var>enc-file</var><span class="samp"> -t </span><var>enc-file</var></samp>&rsquo;. If you make regular use of a private
+non-standard reencoding &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>&rsquo; is usually a better idea than the
individual options, to avoid unexpected inconsistencies in mapping
otherwise. An example of when you might use this option is a dingbats
font: when you have a TeX encoding that is designed to be used with a
@@ -3350,7 +3403,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font
<h5 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.4 Reencoding with Afm2tfm</h5>
-<p><a name="index-reencoding-564"></a><a name="index-remapping-565"></a>
+<p><a name="index-reencoding-588"></a><a name="index-remapping-589"></a>
The Afm2tfm program creates the TFM and VF files for the virtual font
corresponding to a PostScript font by <dfn>reencoding</dfn> the PostScript
font. Afm2tfm generates these files from two encodings: one for TeX
@@ -3368,19 +3421,19 @@ sometimes called a <dfn>remapping</dfn>.
<p>For example, the default encodings reencode the acute accent in two
steps: first the default TeX encoding maps the number 19 to the
-character name `<samp><span class="samp">acute</span></samp>'; then the default PostScript encoding, as
+character name &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">acute</span></samp>&rsquo;; then the default PostScript encoding, as
found in the AFM file for an ordinary PostScript font, maps the
-character name `<samp><span class="samp">acute</span></samp>' to the number 194. (The PostScript encoding
+character name &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">acute</span></samp>&rsquo; to the number 194. (The PostScript encoding
works in reverse, by looking in the encoding vector for the name and
then yielding the corresponding number.) The combined mapping of 19 to
194 shows up explicitly in the VF file and also implicitly in the fact
that the properties of PostScript character 194 appear in position 19 of
the TFM file for the virtual font.
- <p><a name="index-accents_002c-in-wrong-position-566"></a><a name="index-Hungarian-umlaut-567"></a><a name="index-dot-accent-568"></a><a name="index-Scandinavian-A-ring-569"></a><a name="index-A-ring_002c-Scandinavian-letter-570"></a>The default encoding of the distributed fonts (e.g., <samp><span class="file">ptmr.tfm</span></samp>)
+ <p><a name="index-accents_002c-in-wrong-position-590"></a><a name="index-Hungarian-umlaut-591"></a><a name="index-dot-accent-592"></a><a name="index-Scandinavian-A-ring-593"></a><a name="index-A-ring_002c-Scandinavian-letter-594"></a>The default encoding of the distributed fonts (e.g., <samp><span class="file">ptmr.tfm</span></samp>)
mostly follows plain TeX conventions for accents. The exceptions:
-the Hungarian umlaut (which is at position <code>0x7D</code> in `<samp><span class="samp">cmr10</span></samp>',
-but position <code>0xCD</code> in `<samp><span class="samp">ptmr</span></samp>'); the dot accent (at positions
+the Hungarian umlaut (which is at position <code>0x7D</code> in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">cmr10</span></samp>&rsquo;,
+but position <code>0xCD</code> in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ptmr</span></samp>&rsquo;); the dot accent (at positions
<code>0x5F</code> and <code>0xC7</code>, respectively); and the Scandinavian A ring
<code>\AA</code>, whose definition needs different tweaking. In order to use
these accents with PostScript fonts or in math mode when
@@ -3389,7 +3442,7 @@ following definitions. These definitions will not work with the
Computer Modern fonts for the relevant accents. They are already part
of the distributed <samp><span class="file">psfonts.sty</span></samp> for use with LaTeX.
- <p><a name="index-g_t_005cH-571"></a><a name="index-g_t_005c_002e-572"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cdot-573"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cAA-574"></a>
+ <p><a name="index-g_t_005cH-595"></a><a name="index-g_t_005c_002e-596"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cdot-597"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cAA-598"></a>
<pre class="example"> \def\H#1{{\accent"CD #1}}
\def\.#1{{\accent"C7 #1}}
\def\dot{\mathaccent"70C7 }
@@ -3398,25 +3451,25 @@ of the distributed <samp><span class="file">psfonts.sty</span></samp> for use wi
\advance\aadimen-1ex\setbox0\hbox{A}\rlap{\raise.67\aadimen
\hbox to \wd0{\hss\char'27\hss}}A}
</pre>
- <p><a name="index-CODINGSCHEME-575"></a>As a kind of summary, here are the `<samp><span class="samp">CODINGSCHEME</span></samp>'s that result from
+ <p><a name="index-CODINGSCHEME-599"></a>As a kind of summary, here are the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">CODINGSCHEME</span></samp>&rsquo;s that result from
the various possible choices for reencoding.
<dl>
<dt>default encoding<dd>
<pre class="example"> (CODINGSCHEME TeX text + AdobeStandardEncoding)
- </pre>
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-p dc.enc</span></samp>'<dd>
+</pre>
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p dc.enc</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>
<pre class="example"> (CODINGSCHEME TeX text + DCEncoding)
- </pre>
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-t dc.enc</span></samp>'<dd>
+</pre>
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-t dc.enc</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>
<pre class="example"> (CODINGSCHEME DCEncoding + AdobeStandardEncoding)
- </pre>
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-T dc.enc</span></samp>'<dd>
+</pre>
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-T dc.enc</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>
<pre class="example"> (CODINGSCHEME DCEncoding + DCEncoding)
- </pre>
+</pre>
</dl>
-<p class="noindent">The `<samp><span class="samp">CODINGSCHEME</span></samp>' line appears in the VPL file but is
+<p class="noindent">The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">CODINGSCHEME</span></samp>&rsquo; line appears in the VPL file but is
ignored by Dvips.
<div class="node">
@@ -3429,13 +3482,13 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font
<h5 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.5 Encoding file format</h5>
-<p><a name="index-encoding-file-format-576"></a>
+<p><a name="index-encoding-file-format-600"></a>
Afm2tfm's encoding files have the same format as an encoding vector in a
PostScript font. Here is a skeletal example:
<pre class="example"> % <span class="roman">Comments are ignored, unless the first word after the percent sign</span>
- % <span class="roman">is `<samp>LIGKERN</samp>'; see below.</span>
- /MyEncoding [ % <span class="roman">exactly 256 entries follow, each with a leading `<samp>/</samp>'</span>
+ % <span class="roman">is &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">LIGKERN</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;; see below.</span>
+ /MyEncoding [ % <span class="roman">exactly 256 entries follow, each with a leading &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;</span>
/Alpha /Beta /Gamma /Delta ...
/A /B ... /Z
... /.notdef /xfooaccent /yfooaccent /zfooaccent
@@ -3444,56 +3497,56 @@ PostScript font. Here is a skeletal example:
<p>These encoding files are downloaded as part of changing the encoding at
the PostScript level (see the previous section).
- <p><a name="index-comments_002c-in-encoding-files-577"></a>Comments, which start with a percent sign and continue until the end
-of the line, are ignored unless they start with `<samp><span class="samp">LIGKERN</span></samp>' (see below).
+ <p><a name="index-comments_002c-in-encoding-files-601"></a>Comments, which start with a percent sign and continue until the end
+of the line, are ignored unless they start with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">LIGKERN</span></samp>&rsquo; (see below).
<p>The first non-comment word of the file must start with a forward slash
-`<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>' (i.e., a PostScript literal name) and defines the name of the
-encoding. The next word must be an left bracket `<samp><span class="samp">[</span></samp>'. Following
-that must be precisely 256 character names; use `<samp><span class="samp">/.notdef</span></samp>' for any
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>&rsquo; (i.e., a PostScript literal name) and defines the name of the
+encoding. The next word must be an left bracket &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">[</span></samp>&rsquo;. Following
+that must be precisely 256 character names; use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">/.notdef</span></samp>&rsquo; for any
that you want to leave undefined. Then there must be a matching right
-bracket <code>]</code>. A final `<samp><span class="samp">def</span></samp>' token is optional. All names are
+bracket <code>]</code>. A final &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">def</span></samp>&rsquo; token is optional. All names are
case-sensitive.
<p>Any ligature or kern information is given as a comment. If the first
-word after the `<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>' is `<samp><span class="samp">LIGKERN</span></samp>', then the entire rest of the
+word after the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>&rsquo; is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">LIGKERN</span></samp>&rsquo;, then the entire rest of the
line is parsed for ligature and kern information. This ligature and
kern information is given in groups of words: each group is terminated
by a space and a semicolon and (unless the semicolon is at the end of a
line) another space.
- <p><a name="index-LIGKERN-_0040r_007bencoding-file-command_007d-578"></a>In these <code>LIGKERN</code> statements, three types of information may be
+ <p><a name="index-LIGKERN-_0040r_007bencoding-file-command_007d-602"></a>In these <code>LIGKERN</code> statements, three types of information may be
specified. These three types are ligature pairs, kerns to ignore, and
the character value of this font's boundary character.
- <p><a name="index-boundary-character-579"></a>Throughout a <code>LIGKERN</code> statement, the boundary character is
-specified as `<samp><span class="samp">||</span></samp>'. To set the font's boundary character value for
+ <p><a name="index-boundary-character-603"></a>Throughout a <code>LIGKERN</code> statement, the boundary character is
+specified as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">||</span></samp>&rsquo;. To set the font's boundary character value for
TeX:
<pre class="example"> % LIGKERN || = 39 ;
</pre>
<p>To indicate a kern to remove, give the names of the two characters
-(without the leading slash) separated by `<samp><span class="samp">{}</span></samp>', as in `<samp><span class="samp">one
-{} one ;</span></samp>'. This is intended to be reminiscent of the way you might
-use `<samp><span class="samp">{}</span></samp>' in a TeX file to turn off ligatures or kerns at a
+(without the leading slash) separated by &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">{}</span></samp>&rsquo;, as in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">one
+{} one ;</span></samp>&rsquo;. This is intended to be reminiscent of the way you might
+use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">{}</span></samp>&rsquo; in a TeX file to turn off ligatures or kerns at a
particular location. Either or both of the character names can be given
-as `<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>', which is a wild card matching any character; thus, all
-kerns can be removed with `<samp><span class="samp">* {} * ;</span></samp>'.
+as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>&rsquo;, which is a wild card matching any character; thus, all
+kerns can be removed with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">* {} * ;</span></samp>&rsquo;.
- <p><a name="index-ligature-operations-580"></a><a name="index-Metafont-ligature-operations-581"></a>To specify a ligature, specify the names of the pair of characters,
+ <p><a name="index-ligature-operations-604"></a><a name="index-Metafont-ligature-operations-605"></a>To specify a ligature, specify the names of the pair of characters,
followed by the ligature operation (as in Metafont), followed by the
replacing character name. Either (but not both) of the first two
-characters can be `<samp><span class="samp">||</span></samp>' to indicate a word boundary.
+characters can be &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">||</span></samp>&rsquo; to indicate a word boundary.
- <p><a name="index-g_t_003d_003a-_0040r_007bligature-operation_007d-582"></a>The most common operation is `<samp><span class="samp">=:</span></samp>' meaning that both characters are
-removed and replaced by the third character, but by adding the `<samp><span class="samp">|</span></samp>'
-character on either side of the `<samp><span class="samp">=:</span></samp>', you can retain either or both
+ <p><a name="index-g_t_003d_003a-_0040r_007bligature-operation_007d-606"></a>The most common operation is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">=:</span></samp>&rsquo; meaning that both characters are
+removed and replaced by the third character, but by adding the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">|</span></samp>&rsquo;
+character on either side of the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">=:</span></samp>&rsquo;, you can retain either or both
of the two leading characters. In addition, by suffixing the ligature
-operation with one or two `<samp><span class="samp">&gt;</span></samp>' signs, you can make the ligature
+operation with one or two &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">&gt;</span></samp>&rsquo; signs, you can make the ligature
scanning operation skip that many resulting characters before
proceeding. This works just like in Metafont. For example, the `fi'
-ligature is specified with `<samp><span class="samp">f&nbsp;i&nbsp;=:&nbsp;fi&nbsp;;</span></samp>'<!-- /@w -->. A more convoluted
-ligature is `<samp><span class="samp">one one |=:|&gt;&gt; exclam ;</span></samp>' which separates a pair of
+ligature is specified with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">f&nbsp;i&nbsp;=:&nbsp;fi&nbsp;;</span></samp>&rsquo;<!-- /@w -->. A more convoluted
+ligature is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">one one |=:|&gt;&gt; exclam ;</span></samp>&rsquo; which separates a pair of
adjacent <code>1</code>'s with an exclamation point, and then skips over two
of the resulting characters before continuing searching for ligatures
and kerns. You cannot give more <tt>&gt;</tt>'s than <tt>|</tt>'s in an ligature
@@ -3524,37 +3577,37 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a>
<h4 class="subsection">6.3.2 Special font effects</h4>
-<p><a name="index-oblique-fonts-583"></a><a name="index-slanted-fonts-584"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-slanted-585"></a>Besides the reencodings described in the previous section, Afm2tfm can
+<p><a name="index-oblique-fonts-607"></a><a name="index-slanted-fonts-608"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-slanted-609"></a>Besides the reencodings described in the previous section, Afm2tfm can
do other manipulations. (Again, it's best to use the prebuilt fonts
rather than attempting to remake them.)
- <p>`<samp><span class="samp">-s </span><var>slant</var></samp>' makes an obliqued variant, as in:
+ <p>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-s </span><var>slant</var></samp>&rsquo; makes an obliqued variant, as in:
<pre class="example"> afm2tfm Times-Roman -s .167 -v ptmro rptmro
</pre>
<p class="noindent">This creates <samp><span class="file">ptmro.vpl</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">rptmro.tfm</span></samp>. To use this font,
put the line
- <p><a name="index-SlantFont-586"></a>
+ <p><a name="index-SlantFont-610"></a>
<pre class="example"> rptmro Times-Roman ".167 SlantFont"
</pre>
- <p class="noindent"><a name="index-psfonts_002emap-587"></a>into <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>. Then `<samp><span class="samp">rptmro</span></samp>' (our name for the obliqued
+ <p class="noindent"><a name="index-psfonts_002emap-611"></a>into <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>. Then &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">rptmro</span></samp>&rsquo; (our name for the obliqued
Times) will act as if it were a resident font, although it is actually
constructed from Times-Roman via the PostScript routine <code>SlantFont</code>
(which will slant everything 1/6 to the right, in this case).
- <p><a name="index-expanded-fonts-588"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-expanded-589"></a>Similarly, you can get an expanded font with
+ <p><a name="index-expanded-fonts-612"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-expanded-613"></a>Similarly, you can get an expanded font with
<pre class="example"> afm2tfm Times-Roman -e 1.2 -v ptmrre rptmrre
</pre>
<p class="noindent">and by recording the pseudo-resident font
-<a name="index-ExtendFont-590"></a>
+<a name="index-ExtendFont-614"></a>
<pre class="example"> rptmrre Times-Roman "1.2 ExtendFont"
</pre>
<p class="noindent">in <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>.
<p>You can also create a small caps font with a command such as
-<a name="index-small-caps-fonts-591"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-small-caps-592"></a>
+<a name="index-small-caps-fonts-615"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-small-caps-616"></a>
<pre class="example"> afm2tfm Times-Roman -V ptmrc rptmrc
</pre>
<p class="noindent">This will generate a set of pseudo-small caps mapped into the usual
@@ -3569,7 +3622,7 @@ independently of the rest of the font. If you want a really
professional looking set of small caps, you need to acquire a small caps
font.
- <p><a name="index-PaintType-593"></a><a name="index-outline-fonts-594"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-outlined-595"></a>To change the <code>PaintType</code> in a font from filled (0) to outlined
+ <p><a name="index-PaintType-617"></a><a name="index-outline-fonts-618"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-outlined-619"></a>To change the <code>PaintType</code> in a font from filled (0) to outlined
(2), you can add <code>"/PaintType 2 store"</code> to <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>, as
in the following:
@@ -3578,8 +3631,8 @@ in the following:
<p>Afm2tfm writes to standard output the line you need to add to
<samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> to use that font, assuming the font is resident in
the printer; if the font is not resident, you must add the
-`<samp><span class="samp">&lt;</span><var>filename</var></samp>' command to download the font. Each identical
-line only needs to be specified once in the `<samp><span class="samp">psfonts.map</span></samp>' file,
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">&lt;</span><var>filename</var></samp>&rsquo; command to download the font. Each identical
+line only needs to be specified once in the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">psfonts.map</span></samp>&rsquo; file,
even though many different fonts (small caps variants, or ones with
different output encodings) may be based on it.
@@ -3593,19 +3646,19 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a>
<h4 class="subsection">6.3.3 Afm2tfm options</h4>
-<p><a name="index-options_002c-to-Afm2tfm-596"></a><a name="index-afm2tfm-options-597"></a>
+<p><a name="index-options_002c-to-Afm2tfm-620"></a><a name="index-afm2tfm-options-621"></a>
Synopsis:
<pre class="example"> afm2tfm [<var>option</var>]... <var>afmfile</var>[.afm] [<var>tfmfile</var>[.tfm]]
</pre>
<p>Afm2tfm reads <var>afmfile</var> and writes a corresponding (but raw) TFM
file. If <var>tfmfile</var> is not supplied, the base name of the AFM file is
-extended with `<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>' to get the output filename.
+extended with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>&rsquo; to get the output filename.
<p>The simplest example:
<pre class="example"> afm2tfm Times-Roman rptmr
</pre>
- <p><a name="index-accents_002c-wrong-598"></a>The TFM file thus created is <dfn>raw</dfn> because it omits ligature and
+ <p><a name="index-accents_002c-wrong-622"></a>The TFM file thus created is <dfn>raw</dfn> because it omits ligature and
kern information, and does no character remapping; it simply contains
the character information in the AFM file in TFM form, which is the form
that TeX understands. The characters have the same code in the TFM
@@ -3615,46 +3668,46 @@ fonts have a different encoding scheme than the one that plain TeX
expects (see <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>). Although both schemes agree for the
printable ASCII characters, other characters such as ligatures and
accents vary. Thus, in practice, it's almost always desirable to create
-a virtual font as well with the `<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">-V</span></samp>' option.
+a virtual font as well with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-V</span></samp>&rsquo; option.
See <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a>.
<p>The command line options to Afm2tfm:
<dl>
-<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-c </span><var>ratio</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dc-_0040var_007bratio_007d-599"></a><a name="index-scaling-small-caps-600"></a>See `<samp><span class="samp">-V</span></samp>'; overrides the default ratio of 0.8 for the
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-c </span><var>ratio</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dc-_0040var_007bratio_007d-623"></a><a name="index-scaling-small-caps-624"></a>See &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-V</span></samp>&rsquo;; overrides the default ratio of 0.8 for the
scaling of small caps.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-e </span><var>ratio</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002de-_0040var_007bratio_007d-601"></a><a name="index-expanded-fonts-602"></a><a name="index-condensed-fonts-603"></a>Stretch characters horizontally by <var>ratio</var>; if less than 1.0, you
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-e </span><var>ratio</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002de-_0040var_007bratio_007d-625"></a><a name="index-expanded-fonts-626"></a><a name="index-condensed-fonts-627"></a>Stretch characters horizontally by <var>ratio</var>; if less than 1.0, you
get a condensed font.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-O</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dO-604"></a><a name="index-octal-character-codes-605"></a>Output all character codes in the `<samp><span class="samp">vpl</span></samp>' file as octal numbers, not
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-O</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dO-628"></a><a name="index-octal-character-codes-629"></a>Output all character codes in the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">vpl</span></samp>&rsquo; file as octal numbers, not
names; this is useful for symbol or other special-purpose fonts where
-character names such as `<samp><span class="samp">A</span></samp>' have no meaning.
+character names such as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">A</span></samp>&rsquo; have no meaning.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-p </span><var>ps-enc</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dp-_0040var_007bps_002denc_007d-606"></a>Use <var>ps-enc</var> for the destination (PostScript) encoding of the font;
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p </span><var>ps-enc</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dp-_0040var_007bps_002denc_007d-630"></a>Use <var>ps-enc</var> for the destination (PostScript) encoding of the font;
<var>ps-enc</var> must be mentioned as a header file for the font in
-`<samp><span class="samp">psfonts.map</span></samp>'.
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">psfonts.map</span></samp>&rsquo;.
See <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a>.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-s </span><var>slant</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ds-_0040var_007bslant_007d-607"></a><a name="index-slanted-fonts_002c-making-608"></a>Slant characters to the right by <var>slant</var>. If <var>slant</var> is
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-s </span><var>slant</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ds-_0040var_007bslant_007d-631"></a><a name="index-slanted-fonts_002c-making-632"></a>Slant characters to the right by <var>slant</var>. If <var>slant</var> is
negative, the letters slope to the left (or they might be upright if you
start with an italic font).
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-t </span><var>tex-enc</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007btex_002denc_007d-609"></a>Use <var>tex-enc</var> for the target (TeX) encoding of the font.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-t </span><var>tex-enc</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007btex_002denc_007d-633"></a>Use <var>tex-enc</var> for the target (TeX) encoding of the font.
Ligature and kern information may also be specified in <var>file</var>.
<var>file</var> is not mentioned in <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-T </span><var>ps-tex-enc</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007bps_002dtex_002denc_007d-610"></a>Use <var>ps-tex-enc</var> for both the PostScript and target TeX encodings
-of the font. Equivalent to `<samp><span class="samp">-p </span><var>file</var><span class="samp"> -t </span><var>file</var></samp>'.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-T </span><var>ps-tex-enc</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007bps_002dtex_002denc_007d-634"></a>Use <var>ps-tex-enc</var> for both the PostScript and target TeX encodings
+of the font. Equivalent to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p </span><var>file</var><span class="samp"> -t </span><var>file</var></samp>&rsquo;.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-u</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002du-611"></a>Use only those characters specified in the TeX encoding, and no
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-u</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002du-635"></a>Use only those characters specified in the TeX encoding, and no
others. By default, Afm2tfm tries to include all characters in the
input font, even those not present in the TeX encoding (it puts them
into otherwise-unused positions, arbitrarily).
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-v </span><var>vpl-file</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dv-_0040var_007bvpl_002dfile_007d-612"></a>Output a VPL (virtual property list) file, as well as a TFM file.
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-v </span><var>vpl-file</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dv-_0040var_007bvpl_002dfile_007d-636"></a>Output a VPL (virtual property list) file, as well as a TFM file.
- <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-V </span><var>vpl-file</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dV-_0040var_007bvpl_002dfile_007d-613"></a>Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>', but the virtual font generated is a pseudo small caps
+ <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-V </span><var>vpl-file</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dV-_0040var_007bvpl_002dfile_007d-637"></a>Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>&rsquo;, but the virtual font generated is a pseudo small caps
font obtained by scaling uppercase letters by 0.8 to typeset
lowercase. This font handles accented letters and retains proper
kerning.
@@ -3671,66 +3724,66 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a>
<h3 class="section">6.4 <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>: PostScript font catalog</h3>
-<p><a name="index-psfonts_002emap-614"></a><a name="index-non_002dresident-fonts-615"></a><a name="index-downloading-PostScript-fonts-616"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-downloading-617"></a>
+<p><a name="index-psfonts_002emap-638"></a><a name="index-non_002dresident-fonts-639"></a><a name="index-downloading-PostScript-fonts-640"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-downloading-641"></a>
The <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> file associates a PostScript font with related
files and constructs. Each line has the format:
<pre class="example"> <var>filename</var> <var>PostScript-name</var> <var>options</var>
</pre>
- <p><a name="index-g_t_003c-_0040r_007bfont-downloading_007d-618"></a>For example, the line
+ <p><a name="index-g_t_003c-_0040r_007bfont-downloading_007d-642"></a>For example, the line
<pre class="example"> rpstrn StoneInformal &lt;StoneInformal.pfb
</pre>
<p class="noindent">causes Dvips to download <samp><span class="file">StoneInformal.pfb</span></samp> if your document (just
as if it were a header file, see <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a>) uses the font
-`<samp><span class="samp">StoneInformal</span></samp>'.
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">StoneInformal</span></samp>&rsquo;.
- <p><a name="index-partial-font-downloading-619"></a><a name="index-downloading-fonts-partially-620"></a>If the `<samp><span class="samp">j</span></samp>' config file or command-line option is enabled,
+ <p><a name="index-partial-font-downloading-643"></a><a name="index-downloading-fonts-partially-644"></a>If the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">j</span></samp>&rsquo; config file or command-line option is enabled,
<samp><span class="file">StoneInformal.pfb</span></samp> will be <dfn>partially downloaded</dfn>&mdash;only those
characters your document actually uses will be extracted and downloaded,
and the remainder discarded. See <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
<p>Filenames of fonts that are partially downloaded are surrounded by curly
-braces (`<samp><span class="samp">{...}</span></samp>') in the progress report Dvips writes to
+braces (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">{...}</span></samp>&rsquo;) in the progress report Dvips writes to
standard output. Wholly-downloaded fonts appear inside angle brackets
-(`<samp><span class="samp">&lt;...&gt;</span></samp>'), like other downloaded files.
+(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">&lt;...&gt;</span></samp>&rsquo;), like other downloaded files.
- <p><a name="index-whole-font-downloading-621"></a><a name="index-multiple-master-fonts-622"></a><a name="index-Minion-typeface-family-623"></a><a name="index-g_t_003c_003c-_0040r_007bwhole-font-downloading_007d-624"></a>Adobe Multiple Master fonts, such as Minion, cannot be partially
+ <p><a name="index-whole-font-downloading-645"></a><a name="index-multiple-master-fonts-646"></a><a name="index-Minion-typeface-family-647"></a><a name="index-g_t_003c_003c-_0040r_007bwhole-font-downloading_007d-648"></a>Adobe Multiple Master fonts, such as Minion, cannot be partially
downloaded. To partially download in general, but avoid partial
-downloading for individual fonts, use `<samp><span class="samp">&lt;&lt;</span></samp>' instead `<samp><span class="samp">&lt;</span></samp>':
+downloading for individual fonts, use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">&lt;&lt;</span></samp>&rsquo; instead &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">&lt;</span></samp>&rsquo;:
<pre class="example"> pmnr8r Minion &lt;&lt;Minion.pfb
</pre>
- <p><a name="index-transforming-downloaded-fonts-625"></a><a name="index-expanded-fonts-626"></a><a name="index-wide-fonts-627"></a><a name="index-narrow-fonts-628"></a>You can generate transformed fonts with a line like this:
+ <p><a name="index-transforming-downloaded-fonts-649"></a><a name="index-expanded-fonts-650"></a><a name="index-wide-fonts-651"></a><a name="index-narrow-fonts-652"></a>You can generate transformed fonts with a line like this:
<pre class="example"> rpstrc StoneInformal &lt;StoneInformal.pfb ".8 ExtendFont"
</pre>
<p class="noindent">See <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a>, for a
complete list of font effects.
- <p><a name="index-reencoding-PostScript-fonts-629"></a>You can change the encoding of the Type 1 font at the PostScript
-level with a `<samp><span class="samp">ReEncodeFont</span></samp>' instruction, plus the name of the
+ <p><a name="index-reencoding-PostScript-fonts-653"></a>You can change the encoding of the Type 1 font at the PostScript
+level with a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ReEncodeFont</span></samp>&rsquo; instruction, plus the name of the
encoding file. This allows you access to characters that may be present
in the Type 1 font file, but not encoded by default&mdash;most of the
preaccented characters, for example. An example:
<pre class="smallexample"> pstrn8r StoneInformal "TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont" &lt;8r.enc &lt;pstrn8a.pfb
</pre>
- <p><a name="index-g_t8r-font-encoding-630"></a><a name="index-base-encoding_002c-recommended-631"></a>The `<samp><span class="samp">8r</span></samp>' encoding mentioned here has been designed to serve as a
+ <p><a name="index-g_t8r-font-encoding-654"></a><a name="index-base-encoding_002c-recommended-655"></a>The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">8r</span></samp>&rsquo; encoding mentioned here has been designed to serve as a
base for all downloadable fonts; it allows access to all the characters
commonly present in a Type 1 font. For more details, see the
<samp><span class="file">8r.enc</span></samp> source file that comes with (and is installed with) Dvips.
- <p><a name="index-g_t_003c_005b-_0040r_007bencoding-vector-downloading_007d-632"></a>You may notice that the same syntax is used for downloading encoding
+ <p><a name="index-g_t_003c_005b-_0040r_007bencoding-vector-downloading_007d-656"></a>You may notice that the same syntax is used for downloading encoding
vectors and Type 1 font files. To make your intentions clear, you can
-also use `<samp><span class="samp">&lt;[</span></samp>' to explicitly indicate you are downloading an
+also use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">&lt;[</span></samp>&rsquo; to explicitly indicate you are downloading an
encoding vector, as in:
<pre class="smallexample"> pstrn8r StoneInformal "TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont" &lt;[8r.enc &lt;pstrn8a.pfb
</pre>
- <p><a name="index-g_t_002eenc-_0040r_007bextension-for-encoding-vectors_007d-633"></a>If the filename of your encoding vector does not end in `<samp><span class="samp">.enc</span></samp>', and
-you are using partial font downloading, you must use the `<samp><span class="samp">&lt;[</span></samp>'
+ <p><a name="index-g_t_002eenc-_0040r_007bextension-for-encoding-vectors_007d-657"></a>If the filename of your encoding vector does not end in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.enc</span></samp>&rsquo;, and
+you are using partial font downloading, you must use the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">&lt;[</span></samp>&rsquo;
syntax, or Dvips will not download the font properly.
- <p><a name="index-g_t_002epfa-_0040r_007bextension-required-for-partial-downloading_007d-634"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epfb-_0040r_007bextension-required-for-partial-downloading_007d-635"></a>Similarly, the name of the Type 1 font file itself must have extension
+ <p><a name="index-g_t_002epfa-_0040r_007bextension-required-for-partial-downloading_007d-658"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epfb-_0040r_007bextension-required-for-partial-downloading_007d-659"></a>Similarly, the name of the Type 1 font file itself must have extension
<samp><span class="file">.pfa</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">.pfb</span></samp> for partial downloading to work properly.
- <p><a name="index-pfb-files_002c-automatically-unpacked-636"></a>When using PFB files, Dvips is smart enough to unpack the binary PFB
+ <p><a name="index-pfb-files_002c-automatically-unpacked-660"></a>When using PFB files, Dvips is smart enough to unpack the binary PFB
format into printable ASCII so there is no need to perform this
conversion yourself. In addition, Dvips scans the font to determine its
memory usage, just as it does for other header files (see <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a>).
@@ -3745,22 +3798,22 @@ semicolon, or hash mark, it is ignored.
separated by spaces or tabs, except that if a word begins with a double
quote, it extends until the next double quote or the end of the line.
- <li>If a word starts with `<samp><span class="samp">&lt;&lt;</span></samp>', it is taken as a font file to be
+ <li>If a word starts with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">&lt;&lt;</span></samp>&rsquo;, it is taken as a font file to be
wholly downloaded. Use this to avoid partial downloading, as described
above.
- <li>If a word starts with `<samp><span class="samp">&lt;[</span></samp>', it is taken as an encoding file
+ <li>If a word starts with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">&lt;[</span></samp>&rsquo;, it is taken as an encoding file
to be downloaded. Use this if the name of the encoding file does end in
-`<samp><span class="samp">.enc</span></samp>', also as described above.
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.enc</span></samp>&rsquo;, also as described above.
- <li>If a word starts with a `<samp><span class="samp">&lt;</span></samp>' character, it is
+ <li>If a word starts with a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">&lt;</span></samp>&rsquo; character, it is
treated as a header file that needs to be downloaded. If the name ends
-in `<samp><span class="samp">.pfa</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">.pfb</span></samp>', it is taken as Type 1 font file that will
-be partially downloaded if the `<samp><span class="samp">j</span></samp>' option is in effect. There can
-be more than one such header for a given font. If a `<samp><span class="samp">&lt;</span></samp>' is a word
+in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.pfa</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.pfb</span></samp>&rsquo;, it is taken as Type 1 font file that will
+be partially downloaded if the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">j</span></samp>&rsquo; option is in effect. There can
+be more than one such header for a given font. If a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">&lt;</span></samp>&rsquo; is a word
by itself, the next word is taken as the name of the header file.
- <li>If a word starts with a `<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>' character, it is taken as PostScript
+ <li>If a word starts with a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>&rsquo; character, it is taken as PostScript
code used in generating that font, and is inserted into the output
verbatim at the appropriate point. (And the double quotes beginning and
ending the word are removed.)
@@ -3783,13 +3836,13 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<h2 class="chapter">7 Color</h2>
-<p><a name="index-color-637"></a>
-<a name="index-Hafner_002c-Jim-638"></a>Dvips supports one-pass multi-color printing of TeX documents on any
+<p><a name="index-color-661"></a>
+<a name="index-Hafner_002c-Jim-662"></a>Dvips supports one-pass multi-color printing of TeX documents on any
color PostScript device. Initially added by Jim Hafner, IBM Research,
<a href="mailto:hafner@almaden.ibm.com">hafner@almaden.ibm.com</a>, the color support has gone through many
changes by Tomas Rokicki. Besides the source code support itself, there
-are additional TeX macro files: `<samp><span class="samp">colordvi.tex</span></samp>' and
-`<samp><span class="samp">blackdvi.tex</span></samp>', and corresponding `<samp><span class="samp">.sty</span></samp>' versions for use with
+are additional TeX macro files: &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">colordvi.tex</span></samp>&rsquo; and
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">blackdvi.tex</span></samp>&rsquo;, and corresponding &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.sty</span></samp>&rsquo; versions for use with
LaTeX.
<p>In this section we describe the use of color from the document
@@ -3815,13 +3868,13 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a>
<h3 class="section">7.1 Color macro files</h3>
-<p><a name="index-macros-for-color-639"></a><a name="index-color-macros-640"></a>
-All the color macro commands are defined in `<samp><span class="samp">colordvi.tex</span></samp>' (or
-`<samp><span class="samp">colordvi.sty</span></samp>'). To access these macros simply add to the top of
+<p><a name="index-macros-for-color-663"></a><a name="index-color-macros-664"></a>
+All the color macro commands are defined in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">colordvi.tex</span></samp>&rsquo; (or
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">colordvi.sty</span></samp>&rsquo;). To access these macros simply add to the top of
your plain TeX file the command:
<pre class="example"> \input colordvi
</pre>
- <p class="noindent">For (the obsolete) LaTeX 2.09, add the `<samp><span class="samp">colordvi</span></samp>' style option as in:
+ <p class="noindent">For (the obsolete) LaTeX 2.09, add the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">colordvi</span></samp>&rsquo; style option as in:
<pre class="example"> \documentstyle[12pt,colordvi]{article}
</pre>
<p class="noindent">For LaTeX 2e, these examples are not applicable. Instead, please see
@@ -3829,14 +3882,14 @@ the documentation for the graphics package, available from
<samp><var>CTAN</var><span class="file">:doc/latex/graphics/</span></samp>. See also
<samp><var>CTAN</var><span class="file">:doc/epslatex.ps</span></samp>.
- <p><a name="index-Crayola-crayon-box-641"></a><a name="index-Pantone-colors-642"></a><a name="index-color-names_002c-mixed-case-643"></a>These macros provide two basic kinds of color macros: ones for local
+ <p><a name="index-Crayola-crayon-box-665"></a><a name="index-Pantone-colors-666"></a><a name="index-color-names_002c-mixed-case-667"></a>These macros provide two basic kinds of color macros: ones for local
color changes (a few words, a single symbol) and one for global color
changes (the whole document). All the color names use a mixed case
scheme to avoid conflicts with other macros. There are 68 predefined
colors, with names taken primarily from the Crayola crayon box of 64
colors, and one pair of macros for the user to set his own color pattern
(see <a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a>). You can browse the file
-`<samp><span class="samp">colordvi.tex</span></samp>' for a list of the predefined colors. The comments
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">colordvi.tex</span></samp>&rsquo; for a list of the predefined colors. The comments
in this file also show a rough correspondence between the crayon names
and Pantones.
@@ -3844,8 +3897,8 @@ and Pantones.
<pre class="example"> \<var>ColorName</var>{this is the color <var>ColorName</var>}
</pre>
- <p><a name="index-g_t_005c_0040var_007bColorName_007d-644"></a>where <var>ColorName</var> is the name of a predefined color, e.g.,
-`<samp><span class="samp">Blue</span></samp>'. As shown, these macros take one argument, the text to
+ <p><a name="index-g_t_005c_0040var_007bColorName_007d-668"></a>where <var>ColorName</var> is the name of a predefined color, e.g.,
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Blue</span></samp>&rsquo;. As shown, these macros take one argument, the text to
print in the specified color. This can be used for nested color changes
since it restores the original color state when it completes. For
example:
@@ -3853,14 +3906,14 @@ example:
<pre class="example"> This text is normal but here we are \Red{switching to red,
\Blue{nesting blue}, recovering the red} and back to original.
</pre>
- <p class="noindent"><a name="index-color-nesting-level-645"></a>The color nesting level has no hard limit, but it is not advisable to
+ <p class="noindent"><a name="index-color-nesting-level-669"></a>The color nesting level has no hard limit, but it is not advisable to
nest too deeply lest you and the reader lose track of the color history.
<p>The global color command has the form
<pre class="example"> \text<var>ColorName</var>
</pre>
- <p class="noindent"><a name="index-g_t_005ctext_0040var_007bColorName_007d-646"></a>These macros take no arguments and changes the default color from that
+ <p class="noindent"><a name="index-g_t_005ctext_0040var_007bColorName_007d-670"></a>These macros take no arguments and changes the default color from that
point on to <var>ColorName</var>. This of course can be overridden globally
by another such command or locally by local color commands. For example,
expanding on the example above, we might have
@@ -3876,7 +3929,7 @@ expanding on the example above, we might have
<p>The color commands will even work in math mode and across math mode
boundaries. This means that if you have a color before going into math
mode, the mathematics will be set in that color as well. In alignment
-environments like <code>\halign</code>, `<samp><span class="samp">tabular</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">eqnarray</span></samp>',
+environments like <code>\halign</code>, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">tabular</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">eqnarray</span></samp>&rsquo;,
local color commands cannot extend beyond the alignment characters.
<p>Because local color commands respect only some environment and
@@ -3899,7 +3952,7 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a>
<h3 class="section">7.2 User-definable colors</h3>
-<p><a name="index-user_002ddefinable-colors-647"></a><a name="index-colors_002c-user_002ddefinable-648"></a>
+<p><a name="index-user_002ddefinable-colors-671"></a><a name="index-colors_002c-user_002ddefinable-672"></a>
There are two ways for the user to specify colors not already defined.
For local changes, there is the command <code>\Color</code> which takes two
arguments. The first argument is four numbers between zero and one and
@@ -3936,9 +3989,9 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a>
<h3 class="section">7.3 Color subtleties</h3>
-<p><a name="index-color-subtleties-649"></a>
+<p><a name="index-color-subtleties-673"></a>
Color macros are defined via <code>\special</code> keywords. As such, they
-are put in the `<samp><span class="samp">.dvi</span></samp>' file only as explicit message strings to the
+are put in the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.dvi</span></samp>&rsquo; file only as explicit message strings to the
driver. The (unpleasant) result is that certain unprotected regions of
the text can have unwanted color side effects. For example, if a color
region is split by TeX across a page boundary, then the footers of
@@ -3983,9 +4036,9 @@ you want to print it in black and white there are two options. On all
corresponding gray levels. This is useful to get a rough idea of the
colors without using expensive color printing devices. The second
option is to replace the call to input <samp><span class="file">colordvi.tex</span></samp> with
-`<samp><span class="samp">blackdvi.tex</span></samp>' (and similarly for the `<samp><span class="samp">.sty</span></samp>' files). So in
-the above example, replacing the word `<samp><span class="samp">colordvi</span></samp>' with
-`<samp><span class="samp">blackdvi</span></samp>' suffices. <samp><span class="file">blackdvi.tex</span></samp> defines the color macros
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">blackdvi.tex</span></samp>&rsquo; (and similarly for the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.sty</span></samp>&rsquo; files). So in
+the above example, replacing the word &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">colordvi</span></samp>&rsquo; with
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">blackdvi</span></samp>&rsquo; suffices. <samp><span class="file">blackdvi.tex</span></samp> defines the color macros
as no-ops, and so will produce normal black/white printing. By this
simple mechanism, the user can switch to all black/white printing
without having to ferret out the color commands. Also, some device
@@ -4005,51 +4058,51 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a>
<h3 class="section">7.5 Color device configuration</h3>
-<p><a name="index-color-configuration-650"></a><a name="index-configuration_002c-of-color-devices-651"></a>
+<p><a name="index-color-configuration-674"></a><a name="index-configuration_002c-of-color-devices-675"></a>
To configure Dvips for a particular color device you need to fine tune
the color parameters to match your device's color rendition. To do this,
you will need a Pantone chart for your device. The header file
-`<samp><span class="samp">color.lpro</span></samp>' shows a (rough) correspondence between the Crayola
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">color.lpro</span></samp>&rsquo; shows a (rough) correspondence between the Crayola
crayon names and the Pantone numbers and also defines default CMYK
values for each of the colors. Note that these colors must be defined
in CMYK terms and not RGB, as Dvips outputs PostScript color commands in
CMYK. This header file also defines (if they are not known to the
-interpreter) the PostScript commands `<samp><span class="samp">setcmykcolor</span></samp>' and
-`<samp><span class="samp">currentcmykcolor</span></samp>' in terms of a RGB equivalent so if your device
+interpreter) the PostScript commands &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">setcmykcolor</span></samp>&rsquo; and
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">currentcmykcolor</span></samp>&rsquo; in terms of a RGB equivalent so if your device
only understands RGB, there should be no problem.
- <p><a name="index-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration-652"></a><a name="index-Tektronix-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration-653"></a>The parameters set in this file were determined by comparing the Pantone
+ <p><a name="index-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration-676"></a><a name="index-Tektronix-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration-677"></a>The parameters set in this file were determined by comparing the Pantone
chart of a Tektronix Phaser printer with the actual Crayola Crayons.
Because these were defined for a particular device, the actual color
rendition on your device may be very different. There are two ways to
adjust this. One is to use the PAntone chart for your device to rewrite
-`<samp><span class="samp">color.lpro</span></samp>' prior to compilation and installation. A better
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">color.lpro</span></samp>&rsquo; prior to compilation and installation. A better
alternative, which supports multiple devices, is to add a header file
option in the configuration file (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>)
-for each device that defines, in `<samp><span class="samp">userdict</span></samp>', the color parameters
+for each device that defines, in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">userdict</span></samp>&rsquo;, the color parameters
for those colors that need redefining.
<p>For example, if you need to change the parameters defining
-`<samp><span class="samp">Goldenrod</span></samp>' (approximately Pantone 109 on the Phaser) for your
-device `<samp><span class="samp">mycolordev</span></samp>', do the following. In the Pantone chart for
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Goldenrod</span></samp>&rsquo; (approximately Pantone 109 on the Phaser) for your
+device &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mycolordev</span></samp>&rsquo;, do the following. In the Pantone chart for
your device, find the CMYK values for Pantone 109. Let's say they are
-`<samp><span class="samp">{\ 0 0.10 0.75 0.03 }</span></samp>'. Then create a header file named
-`<samp><span class="samp">mycolordev.pro</span></samp>' with the commands
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">{\ 0 0.10 0.75 0.03 }</span></samp>&rsquo;. Then create a header file named
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mycolordev.pro</span></samp>&rsquo; with the commands
<pre class="example"> userdict begin
/Goldenrod { 0 0.10 0.75 0.03 setcmykcolor} bind def
</pre>
- <p class="noindent">Finally, in `<samp><span class="samp">config.mycolordev</span></samp>' add the line
+ <p class="noindent">Finally, in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">config.mycolordev</span></samp>&rsquo; add the line
<pre class="example"> h mycolordev.pro
</pre>
- <p class="noindent">This will then define `<samp><span class="samp">Goldenrod</span></samp>' in your device's CMYK values in
+ <p class="noindent">This will then define &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Goldenrod</span></samp>&rsquo; in your device's CMYK values in
<samp><span class="file">userdict</span></samp> which is checked before defining it in <samp><span class="file">TeXdict</span></samp> by
<samp><span class="file">color.pro</span></samp>. (On MS-DOS, you will have to call this file
<samp><span class="file">mycolordev.cfg</span></samp>.)
<p>This mechanism, together with additions to <samp><span class="file">colordvi.tex</span></samp> and
-<samp><span class="file">blackdvi.tex</span></samp> (and the `<samp><span class="samp">.sty</span></samp>' files), can also be used to
+<samp><span class="file">blackdvi.tex</span></samp> (and the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.sty</span></samp>&rsquo; files), can also be used to
predefine other colors for your users.
<div class="node">
@@ -4063,8 +4116,8 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a>
<h3 class="section">7.6 Color support details</h3>
<p>To support color, Dvips recognizes a certain set of specials. These
-specials start with the keyword `<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>' or the keyword
-`<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>', followed by a color specification.
+specials start with the keyword &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>&rsquo; or the keyword
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>&rsquo;, followed by a color specification.
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Color-specifications">Color specifications</a>
@@ -4081,29 +4134,29 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color-support-details">Color support d
<h4 class="subsection">7.6.1 Color specifications</h4>
-<p><a name="index-color-specifications-654"></a>
+<p><a name="index-color-specifications-678"></a>
What is a color specification? One of three things. First, it might be
a PostScript procedure as defined in a PostScript header file. The
-<samp><span class="file">color.pro</span></samp> file defines 64 of these, including `<samp><span class="samp">Maroon</span></samp>'.
+<samp><span class="file">color.pro</span></samp> file defines 64 of these, including &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Maroon</span></samp>&rsquo;.
This PostScript procedure must set the current color to be some value;
-in this case, `<samp><span class="samp">Maroon</span></samp>' is defined as `<samp><span class="samp">0 0.87 0.68 0.32
-setcmykcolor</span></samp>'.
+in this case, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Maroon</span></samp>&rsquo; is defined as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">0 0.87 0.68 0.32
+setcmykcolor</span></samp>&rsquo;.
<p>The second possibility is the name of a color model (initially, one of
-`<samp><span class="samp">rgb</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">hsb</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">cmyk</span></samp>', or `<samp><span class="samp">gray</span></samp>') followed by the
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">rgb</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">hsb</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">cmyk</span></samp>&rsquo;, or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">gray</span></samp>&rsquo;) followed by the
appropriate number of parameters. When Dvips encounters such a macro,
it sends out the parameters first, followed by the string created by
-prefixing `<samp><span class="samp">TeXcolor</span></samp>' to the color model. Thus, the color
-specification `<samp><span class="samp">rgb 0.3 0.4 0.5</span></samp>' would generate the PostScript code
-`<samp><span class="samp">0.3 0.4 0.5 TeXrgbcolor</span></samp>'. Note that the case of zero arguments is
+prefixing &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">TeXcolor</span></samp>&rsquo; to the color model. Thus, the color
+specification &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">rgb 0.3 0.4 0.5</span></samp>&rsquo; would generate the PostScript code
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">0.3 0.4 0.5 TeXrgbcolor</span></samp>&rsquo;. Note that the case of zero arguments is
disallowed, as that is handled by the single keyword case
-(`<samp><span class="samp">Maroon</span></samp>') above, where no changes to the name are made before it
+(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Maroon</span></samp>&rsquo;) above, where no changes to the name are made before it
is sent to the PostScript file.
<p>The third and final type of color specification is a double quote
followed by any sequence of PostScript. The double quote is stripped
from the output. For instance, the color specification
-`<samp><span class="samp">"AggiePattern setpattern</span></samp>' will set the `color' to the Aggie logo
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">"AggiePattern setpattern</span></samp>&rsquo; will set the `color' to the Aggie logo
pattern (assuming such exists.)
<div class="node">
@@ -4116,26 +4169,26 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color-support-details">Color support d
<h4 class="subsection">7.6.2 Color specials</h4>
-<p>We will describe `<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>' first, since it is the simplest. The
-`<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>' keyword must be followed by a color specification.
+<p>We will describe &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>&rsquo; first, since it is the simplest. The
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>&rsquo; keyword must be followed by a color specification.
That color specification is used as a fill color for the background.
-The last `<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>' special on a page is the one that gets
+The last &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>&rsquo; special on a page is the one that gets
issued, and it gets issued at the very beginning of the page, before any
text or specials are sent. (This is possible because the prescan phase
of Dvips notices all of the color specials so that the appropriate
information can be written out during the second phase.)
- <p>The `<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>' special itself has three forms.
-The first is just `<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>' followed by a color specification. In
+ <p>The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>&rsquo; special itself has three forms.
+The first is just &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>&rsquo; followed by a color specification. In
this case, the current global color is set to that color; the color stack
must be empty when such a command is executed.
- <p>The second form is `<samp><span class="samp">color push</span></samp>' followed by a color specification.
+ <p>The second form is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">color push</span></samp>&rsquo; followed by a color specification.
This saves the current color on the color stack and sets the color to be
that given by the color specification. This is the most common way to
set a color.
- <p>The final version of the `<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>' special is just `<samp><span class="samp">color pop</span></samp>',
+ <p>The final version of the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>&rsquo; special is just &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">color pop</span></samp>&rsquo;,
with no color specification; this says to pop the color last pushed on
the color stack from the color stack and set the current color to be
that color.
@@ -4148,9 +4201,9 @@ as well as simple colors. However, note that in the PostScript, only
one color specification can be active at a time. For instance, at the
beginning of a page, only the bottommost entry on the color stack is
sent; also, when a color is popped, all that is done is that the color
-specification from the previous stack entry is sent. No `<samp><span class="samp">gsave</span></samp>' or
-`<samp><span class="samp">grestore</span></samp>' is used. This means that you cannot easily mix usage of
-the `<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>' specials for screens and colors, just one or the other.
+specification from the previous stack entry is sent. No &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">gsave</span></samp>&rsquo; or
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">grestore</span></samp>&rsquo; is used. This means that you cannot easily mix usage of
+the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>&rsquo; specials for screens and colors, just one or the other.
This may be addressed in the future by adding support for different
categories of color-like state.
@@ -4165,18 +4218,18 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<h2 class="unnumbered">Index</h2>
<ul class="index-cp" compact>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_0021-_0040r_007bspecial-_0028literal-PS-header_0029_007d-427"><code>! </code><span class="roman">special (literal PS header)</span></a>: <a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0021-_0040r_007bspecial-_0028literal-PS-header_0029_007d-451"><code>! </code><span class="roman">special (literal PS header)</span></a>: <a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_0021-_0040r_007bstarting-output-filename_007d-176"><code>! </code><span class="roman">starting output filename</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_0022-_0040r_007bspecial-_0028literal-PostScript_0029_007d-420"><code>" </code><span class="roman">special (literal PostScript)</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_0022-special">&quot; special</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025BoundingBox-347"><code>%%BoundingBox</code></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-and-multi_002dpage-information_007d-437"><code>%%Page</code><span class="roman">, and multi-page information</span></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0022-_0040r_007bspecial-_0028literal-PostScript_0029_007d-444"><code>" </code><span class="roman">special (literal PostScript)</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_0022-special">&quot; special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025BoundingBox-357"><code>%%BoundingBox</code></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-and-multi_002dpage-information_007d-461"><code>%%Page</code><span class="roman">, and multi-page information</span></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-not-generating_007d-168"><code>%%Page</code><span class="roman">, not generating</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-removing_007d-144"><code>%%Page</code><span class="roman">, removing</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-required-by-Ghostview_007d-45"><code>%%Page</code><span class="roman">, required by Ghostview</span></a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025VMusage-417"><code>%%VMusage</code></a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_002aFont-389"><code>%*Font</code></a>: <a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_0028atend_0029_0040r_007b_002c-bounding-box-specification_007d-349"><code>(atend)</code><span class="roman">, bounding box specification</span></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002b_0040var_007bpsmapfile_007d-295"><code>+</code><var>psmapfile</var></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025VMusage-441"><code>%%VMusage</code></a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_002aFont-413"><code>%*Font</code></a>: <a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0028atend_0029_0040r_007b_002c-bounding-box-specification_007d-359"><code>(atend)</code><span class="roman">, bounding box specification</span></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002b_0040var_007bpsmapfile_007d-298"><code>+</code><var>psmapfile</var></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d-83"><code>-</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d-_0040r_007bas-output-filename_007d-175"><code>- </code><span class="roman">as output filename</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-86"><code>--help</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
@@ -4188,12 +4241,12 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002db-_0040var_007bnum_007d-92"><code>-b </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dC-_0040var_007bnum_007d-103"><code>-C </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dc-_0040var_007bnum_007d-99"><code>-c </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dc-_0040var_007bratio_007d-599"><code>-c </code><var>ratio</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dc-_0040var_007bratio_007d-623"><code>-c </code><var>ratio</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dD-_0040var_007bnum_007d-108"><code>-D </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dd-_0040var_007bnum_007d-106"><code>-d </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dE-114"><code>-E</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002de-_0040var_007bnum_007d-110"><code>-e </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002de-_0040var_007bratio_007d-601"><code>-e </code><var>ratio</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002de-_0040var_007bratio_007d-625"><code>-e </code><var>ratio</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dF-123"><code>-F</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002df-118"><code>-f</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dG-128"><code>-G</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
@@ -4210,397 +4263,412 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dN-165"><code>-N</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dn-_0040var_007bnum_007d-162"><code>-n </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dnoomega-169"><code>-noomega</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dO-604"><code>-O</code></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dO-628"><code>-O</code></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002do-_0040var_007bname_007d-171"><code>-o </code><var>name</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dO-_0040var_007bx_002doffset_007d_002c_0040var_007by_002doffset_007d-180"><code>-O </code><var>x-offset</var><code>,</code><var>y-offset</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dp-_005b_003d_005d_0040var_007bnum_007d-185"><code>-p [=]</code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dP-_0040var_007bprinter_007d-193"><code>-P </code><var>printer</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dp-_0040var_007bps_002denc_007d-606"><code>-p </code><var>ps-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dp-_0040var_007bps_002denc_007d-558"><code>-p </code><var>ps-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dp-_0040var_007bps_002denc_007d-630"><code>-p </code><var>ps-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dp-_0040var_007bps_002denc_007d-582"><code>-p </code><var>ps-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dpp-_0040var_007bfirst_007d_002d_0040var_007blast_007d-190"><code>-pp </code><var>first</var><code>-</code><var>last</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dpp-_0040var_007brange_007d-192"><code>-pp </code><var>range</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dP_0040var_007bprinter_007d_0040r_007b_002c-and-config-file-searching_007d-260"><code>-P</code><var>printer</var><span class="roman">, and config file searching</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dP_0040var_007bprinter_007d_0040r_007b_002c-and-config-file-searching_007d-263"><code>-P</code><var>printer</var><span class="roman">, and config file searching</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dq-195"><code>-q</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dR-201"><code>-R</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dr-199"><code>-r</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ds-205"><code>-s</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dS-_0040var_007bnum_007d-207"><code>-S </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ds-_0040var_007bslant_007d-607"><code>-s </code><var>slant</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007benc_002dfile_007d-563"><code>-T </code><var>enc-file</var></a>: <a href="#Changing-both-encodings">Changing both encodings</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007bhsize_007d_002c_0040var_007bvsize_007d-218"><code>-T </code><var>hsize</var><code>,</code><var>vsize</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007bpapertype_007d-208"><code>-t </code><var>papertype</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007bps_002dtex_002denc_007d-610"><code>-T </code><var>ps-tex-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007btex_002denc_007d-609"><code>-t </code><var>tex-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007btex_002denc_007d-554"><code>-t </code><var>tex-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002du-611"><code>-u</code></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dU-222"><code>-U</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002du-_0040var_007bpsmapfile_007d-219"><code>-u </code><var>psmapfile</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dV-225"><code>-V</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dv-224"><code>-v</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dV-_0040var_007bvpl_002dfile_007d-613"><code>-V </code><var>vpl-file</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dv-_0040var_007bvpl_002dfile_007d-612"><code>-v </code><var>vpl-file</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dX-_0040var_007bnum_007d-231"><code>-X </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dx-_0040var_007bnum_007d-229"><code>-x </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dY-_0040var_007bnum_007d-234"><code>-Y </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dz-444"><code>-z</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dZ-_0040r_007bfor-compressing-bitmap-fonts_007d-241"><code>-Z </code><span class="roman">for compressing bitmap fonts</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dz-_0040r_007bfor-recognizing-hyperdvi_007d-236"><code>-z </code><span class="roman">for recognizing hyperdvi</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eafm-_0040r_007bAdobe-metric-files_007d-486"><code>.afm </code><span class="roman">Adobe metric files</span></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002edvipsrc_0040r_007b_002c-searched-for_007d-259"><code>.dvipsrc</code><span class="roman">, searched for</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eenc-_0040r_007bextension-for-encoding-vectors_007d-633"><code>.enc </code><span class="roman">extension for encoding vectors</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002elpro-_0040r_007blong-prologue-files_007d-394"><code>.lpro </code><span class="roman">long prologue files</span></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emf-_0040r_007bMetafont-source-files_007d-505"><code>.mf </code><span class="roman">Metafont source files</span></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007dpk-_0040r_007bpacked-font-bitmaps_007d-508"><code>.</code><var>nnn</var><code>pk </code><span class="roman">packed font bitmaps</span></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfa-_0040r_007bextension-required-for-partial-downloading_007d-634"><code>.pfa </code><span class="roman">extension required for partial downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfa-_0040r_007bprinter-font-ascii-files_007d-502"><code>.pfa </code><span class="roman">printer font ascii files</span></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfb-_0040r_007bextension-required-for-partial-downloading_007d-635"><code>.pfb </code><span class="roman">extension required for partial downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfb-_0040r_007bprinter-font-binary-files_007d-503"><code>.pfb </code><span class="roman">printer font binary files</span></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfm-_0040r_007bprinter-font-metric-files_007d-494"><code>.pfm </code><span class="roman">printer font metric files</span></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epl-_0040r_007bproperty-list-files_007d-492"><code>.pl </code><span class="roman">property list files</span></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epro-_0040r_007bprologue-files_007d-393"><code>.pro </code><span class="roman">prologue files</span></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etfm-_0040r_007b_0040TeX_007b_007d-font-metric-files_007d-488"><code>.tfm </code><span class="roman">TeX font metric files</span></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ds-206"><code>-s</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dS-_0040var_007bnum_007d-208"><code>-S </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ds-_0040var_007bslant_007d-631"><code>-s </code><var>slant</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007benc_002dfile_007d-587"><code>-T </code><var>enc-file</var></a>: <a href="#Changing-both-encodings">Changing both encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007bhsize_007d_002c_0040var_007bvsize_007d-219"><code>-T </code><var>hsize</var><code>,</code><var>vsize</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007bpapertype_007d-209"><code>-t </code><var>papertype</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007bps_002dtex_002denc_007d-634"><code>-T </code><var>ps-tex-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007btex_002denc_007d-633"><code>-t </code><var>tex-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007btex_002denc_007d-578"><code>-t </code><var>tex-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002du-635"><code>-u</code></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dU-223"><code>-U</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002du-_0040var_007bpsmapfile_007d-220"><code>-u </code><var>psmapfile</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dV-226"><code>-V</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dv-225"><code>-v</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dV-_0040var_007bvpl_002dfile_007d-637"><code>-V </code><var>vpl-file</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dv-_0040var_007bvpl_002dfile_007d-636"><code>-v </code><var>vpl-file</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dX-_0040var_007bnum_007d-232"><code>-X </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dx-_0040var_007bnum_007d-230"><code>-x </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dY-_0040var_007bnum_007d-235"><code>-Y </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dz-468"><code>-z</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dZ-_0040r_007bfor-compressing-bitmap-fonts_007d-242"><code>-Z </code><span class="roman">for compressing bitmap fonts</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dz-_0040r_007bfor-recognizing-hyperdvi_007d-237"><code>-z </code><span class="roman">for recognizing hyperdvi</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040file_007b_002e_002e_007d_002drelative-filenames-205"><samp><span class="file">..</span></samp>-relative filenames</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eafm-_0040r_007bAdobe-metric-files_007d-510"><code>.afm </code><span class="roman">Adobe metric files</span></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002edvipsrc_0040r_007b_002c-searched-for_007d-262"><code>.dvipsrc</code><span class="roman">, searched for</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eenc-_0040r_007bextension-for-encoding-vectors_007d-657"><code>.enc </code><span class="roman">extension for encoding vectors</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002elpro-_0040r_007blong-prologue-files_007d-418"><code>.lpro </code><span class="roman">long prologue files</span></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emf-_0040r_007bMetafont-source-files_007d-529"><code>.mf </code><span class="roman">Metafont source files</span></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007dpk-_0040r_007bpacked-font-bitmaps_007d-532"><code>.</code><var>nnn</var><code>pk </code><span class="roman">packed font bitmaps</span></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfa-_0040r_007bextension-required-for-partial-downloading_007d-658"><code>.pfa </code><span class="roman">extension required for partial downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfa-_0040r_007bprinter-font-ascii-files_007d-526"><code>.pfa </code><span class="roman">printer font ascii files</span></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfb-_0040r_007bextension-required-for-partial-downloading_007d-659"><code>.pfb </code><span class="roman">extension required for partial downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfb-_0040r_007bprinter-font-binary-files_007d-527"><code>.pfb </code><span class="roman">printer font binary files</span></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfm-_0040r_007bprinter-font-metric-files_007d-518"><code>.pfm </code><span class="roman">printer font metric files</span></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epl-_0040r_007bproperty-list-files_007d-516"><code>.pl </code><span class="roman">property list files</span></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epro-_0040r_007bprologue-files_007d-417"><code>.pro </code><span class="roman">prologue files</span></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etfm-_0040r_007b_0040TeX_007b_007d-font-metric-files_007d-512"><code>.tfm </code><span class="roman">TeX font metric files</span></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_002f_0023copies-93"><code>/#copies</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_002fmagscale-374"><code>/magscale</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t612-792-_0040r_007bbounding-box-size_007d-352"><code>612 792 </code><span class="roman">bounding box size</span></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t8r-_0040r_007bencoding_002c-and-extra-characters_007d-562"><code>8r </code><span class="roman">encoding, and extra characters</span></a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t8r-font-encoding-630">8r font encoding</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t8r_002eenc-523"><code>8r.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_003c-_0040r_007bfont-downloading_007d-618"><code>&lt; </code><span class="roman">font downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_003c_003c-_0040r_007bwhole-font-downloading_007d-624"><code>&lt;&lt; </code><span class="roman">whole font downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_003c_005b-_0040r_007bencoding-vector-downloading_007d-632"><code>&lt;[ </code><span class="roman">encoding vector downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_003d_003a-_0040r_007bligature-operation_007d-582"><code>=: </code><span class="roman">ligature operation</span></a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040_0040-_0040r_007bpaper-size-config-command_007d-266"><code>@ </code><span class="roman">paper size config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_005c_002e-572"><code>\.</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cAA-574"><code>\AA</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_005c_0040var_007bColorName_007d-644"><code>\</code><var>ColorName</var></a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cdot-573"><code>\dot</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsffile-_0040r_007bmacro_007d-362"><code>\epsffile </code><span class="roman">macro</span></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsfsize-370"><code>\epsfsize</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsfverbosetrue-364"><code>\epsfverbosetrue</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsfxsize-368"><code>\epsfxsize</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsfysize-369"><code>\epsfysize</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cH-571"><code>\H</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cincludegraphics-_0040LaTeX_007b_007d-macro-353">\includegraphics LaTeX macro</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cleavevmode-360"><code>\leavevmode</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cmagnification-373"><code>\magnification</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_005crotninety-440"><code>\rotninety</code></a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_005ctext_0040var_007bColorName_007d-646"><code>\text</code><var>ColorName</var></a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-a-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028memory-conservation_0029_007d-267"><code>a </code><span class="roman">config command (memory conservation)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-A-ring_002c-Scandinavian-letter-570">A ring, Scandinavian letter</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-a3-papertype-215">a3 papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-a4-paper-size_002c-as-default-335">a4 paper size, as default</a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-a4-papertype-214">a4 papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002fmagscale-384"><code>/magscale</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t612-792-_0040r_007bbounding-box-size_007d-362"><code>612 792 </code><span class="roman">bounding box size</span></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t8r-_0040r_007bencoding_002c-and-extra-characters_007d-586"><code>8r </code><span class="roman">encoding, and extra characters</span></a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t8r-font-encoding-654">8r font encoding</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t8r_002eenc-547"><code>8r.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_003c-_0040r_007bfont-downloading_007d-642"><code>&lt; </code><span class="roman">font downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_003c_003c-_0040r_007bwhole-font-downloading_007d-648"><code>&lt;&lt; </code><span class="roman">whole font downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_003c_005b-_0040r_007bencoding-vector-downloading_007d-656"><code>&lt;[ </code><span class="roman">encoding vector downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_003d_003a-_0040r_007bligature-operation_007d-606"><code>=: </code><span class="roman">ligature operation</span></a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040_0040-_0040r_007bpaper-size-config-command_007d-269"><code>@ </code><span class="roman">paper size config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005c_002e-596"><code>\.</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cAA-598"><code>\AA</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005c_0040var_007bColorName_007d-668"><code>\</code><var>ColorName</var></a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cdot-597"><code>\dot</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsffile-_0040r_007bmacro_007d-372"><code>\epsffile </code><span class="roman">macro</span></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsfsize-380"><code>\epsfsize</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsfverbosetrue-374"><code>\epsfverbosetrue</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsfxsize-378"><code>\epsfxsize</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsfysize-379"><code>\epsfysize</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cH-595"><code>\H</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cincludegraphics-_0040LaTeX_007b_007d-macro-363">\includegraphics LaTeX macro</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cleavevmode-370"><code>\leavevmode</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cmagnification-383"><code>\magnification</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005crotninety-464"><code>\rotninety</code></a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005ctext_0040var_007bColorName_007d-670"><code>\text</code><var>ColorName</var></a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-a-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028memory-conservation_0029_007d-270"><code>a </code><span class="roman">config command (memory conservation)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-A-ring_002c-Scandinavian-letter-594">A ring, Scandinavian letter</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-a3-papertype-216">a3 papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-a4-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-342"><code>a4 </code><span class="roman">paper size</span></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-a4-papertype-215">a4 papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-A4size-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-344"><code>A4size </code><span class="roman">paper size</span></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-absolute-filenames_002c-disabling-204">absolute filenames, disabling</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-149">absolute page number, and `<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>'</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-189">absolute page number, and `<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>'</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-accents_002c-in-wrong-position-566">accents, in wrong position</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-accents_002c-wrong-598">accents, wrong</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-149">absolute page number, and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>&rsquo;</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-189">absolute page number, and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>&rsquo;</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-accents_002c-in-wrong-position-590">accents, in wrong position</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-accents_002c-wrong-622">accents, wrong</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-accuracy-in-positioning-112">accuracy in positioning</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Adobe-fonts-17">Adobe fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Adobe-fonts_002c-installing-22">Adobe fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-afm-files-485">afm files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-afm2tfm-546"><code>afm2tfm</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-afm2tfm-542"><code>afm2tfm</code></a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-afm2tfm-options-597">afm2tfm options</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-after-header_002c-inserting-code-403">after header, inserting code</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-afm-files-509">afm files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-afm2tfm-570"><code>afm2tfm</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-afm2tfm-566"><code>afm2tfm</code></a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-afm2tfm-options-621">afm2tfm options</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-after-header_002c-inserting-code-427">after header, inserting code</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Aladdin-Ghostscript-38">Aladdin Ghostscript</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Anderson_002c-Laurie-476">Anderson, Laurie</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-arcs-497">arcs</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-ASCII-character-codes_002c-used-by-PostScript-531">ASCII character codes, used by PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-atend_0040r_007b_002c-bounding-box-specification_007d-348"><code>atend</code><span class="roman">, bounding box specification</span></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-b-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028_0023copies_0029_007d-268"><code>b </code><span class="roman">config command (#copies)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-base-479"><code>base</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-base-encoding_002c-recommended-631">base encoding, recommended</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-base-fonts-514">base fonts</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-bbfig-350"><code>bbfig</code></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-before-header_002c-inserting-code-402">before header, inserting code</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Bhattacharya_002c-Tanmoy-452">Bhattacharya, Tanmoy</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-big-points-344">big points</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Anderson_002c-Laurie-500">Anderson, Laurie</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-angle-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-397"><code>angle </code><span class="roman">(&lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-arcs-521">arcs</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ASCII-character-codes_002c-used-by-PostScript-555">ASCII character codes, used by PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-atend_0040r_007b_002c-bounding-box-specification_007d-358"><code>atend</code><span class="roman">, bounding box specification</span></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-b-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028_0023copies_0029_007d-271"><code>b </code><span class="roman">config command (#copies)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-base-503"><code>base</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-base-encoding_002c-recommended-655">base encoding, recommended</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-base-fonts-538">base fonts</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bbfig-360"><code>bbfig</code></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-before-header_002c-inserting-code-426">before header, inserting code</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Bhattacharya_002c-Tanmoy-476">Bhattacharya, Tanmoy</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-big-points-354">big points</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Bigelow-_0026-Holmes-fonts-18">Bigelow &amp; Holmes fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-binary-files_002c-not-supported-76">binary files, not supported</a>: <a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-bitmap-fonts-504">bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bitmap-fonts-528">bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Bitstream-fonts_002c-installing-23">Bitstream fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040t_007bbop-undefined_007d-error-66"><tt>bop undefined</tt> error</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-bop_002dhook-430"><code>bop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-bop_002dhook-375"><code>bop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bop_002dhook-454"><code>bop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bop_002dhook-385"><code>bop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bop_002dhook-349"><code>bop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-bop_002dhook_0040r_007b_002c-and-offset-pages_007d-184"><code>bop-hook</code><span class="roman">, and offset pages</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-boundary-character-579">boundary character</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-comment-for-343">bounding box, comment for</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-defined-346">bounding box, defined</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-determining-351">bounding box, determining</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-boundary-character-603">boundary character</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-comment-for-353">bounding box, comment for</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-defined-356">bounding box, defined</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-determining-361">bounding box, determining</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-finding-tight-117">bounding box, finding tight</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-inaccurate-377">bounding box, inaccurate</a>: <a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-361">bounding box, supplying to TeX</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-355">bounding box, supplying to TeX</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-changing-PostScript-encodings-556">changing PostScript encodings</a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-changing-_0040TeX_007b_007d-encodings-552">changing TeX encodings</a>: <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-character-definitions-in-PostScript-539">character definitions in PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-character-lookup-procedure-in-PostScript-529">character lookup procedure in PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-CharStrings-_0040r_007bType-1-dictionary_007d-536"><code>CharStrings </code><span class="roman">Type 1 dictionary</span></a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-clipping-of-EPSF-376">clipping of EPSF</a>: <a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-CODINGSCHEME-575"><code>CODINGSCHEME</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-inaccurate-387">bounding box, inaccurate</a>: <a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-371">bounding box, supplying to TeX</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-365">bounding box, supplying to TeX</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-changing-PostScript-encodings-580">changing PostScript encodings</a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-changing-_0040TeX_007b_007d-encodings-576">changing TeX encodings</a>: <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-character-definitions-in-PostScript-563">character definitions in PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-character-lookup-procedure-in-PostScript-553">character lookup procedure in PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-CharStrings-_0040r_007bType-1-dictionary_007d-560"><code>CharStrings </code><span class="roman">Type 1 dictionary</span></a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-clip-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-398"><code>clip </code><span class="roman">(&lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-clipping-of-EPSF-386">clipping of EPSF</a>: <a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-CODINGSCHEME-599"><code>CODINGSCHEME</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-collated-copies-105">collated copies</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-color-637">color</a>: <a href="#Color">Color</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-color-configuration-650">color configuration</a>: <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-color-macros-640">color macros</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-color-names_002c-mixed-case-643">color names, mixed case</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-color-nesting-level-645">color nesting level</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-color-661">color</a>: <a href="#Color">Color</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-color-configuration-674">color configuration</a>: <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-color-macros-664">color macros</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-color-names_002c-mixed-case-667">color names, mixed case</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-color-nesting-level-669">color nesting level</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-color-separations-95">color separations</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-color-specifications-654">color specifications</a>: <a href="#Color-specifications">Color specifications</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-color-subtleties-649">color subtleties</a>: <a href="#Color-subtleties">Color subtleties</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-colors_002c-user_002ddefinable-648">colors, user-definable</a>: <a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-command-line_002c-including-headers-from-407">command line, including headers from</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-color-specifications-678">color specifications</a>: <a href="#Color-specifications">Color specifications</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-color-subtleties-673">color subtleties</a>: <a href="#Color-subtleties">Color subtleties</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-colors_002c-user_002ddefinable-672">colors, user-definable</a>: <a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-command-line_002c-including-headers-from-431">command line, including headers from</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-command_002dline-options-77">command-line options</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-configuration-files-264">comments, in configuration files</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-encoding-files-577">comments, in encoding files</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-configuration-files-267">comments, in configuration files</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-encoding-files-601">comments, in encoding files</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-removing-included-143">comments, removing included</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-compilation-3">compilation</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-compressed-PostScript-384">compressed PostScript</a>: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-compressing-bitmap-fonts-242">compressing bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Computer-Modern-in-PostScript-457">Computer Modern in PostScript</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Computer-Modern_002c-encoding-of-518">Computer Modern, encoding of</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-condensed-fonts-603">condensed fonts</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-compressed-PostScript-408">compressed PostScript</a>: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-compressing-bitmap-fonts-243">compressing bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Computer-Modern-in-PostScript-481">Computer Modern in PostScript</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Computer-Modern_002c-encoding-of-542">Computer Modern, encoding of</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-condensed-fonts-627">condensed fonts</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-config_002eproto-10"><code>config.proto</code></a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-config_002eps-194"><code>config.ps</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-config_002eps-_0040r_007binstallation_007d-5"><code>config.ps </code><span class="roman">installation</span></a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-config_002eps_0040r_007b_002c-searched-for_007d-258"><code>config.ps</code><span class="roman">, searched for</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-options-262">configuration file options</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-paper-size-command-333">configuration file paper size command</a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-path-253">configuration file path</a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-searching-256">configuration file searching</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-configuration-files-255">configuration files</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-config_002eps-_0040r_007bpaper-sizes_007d-340"><code>config.ps </code><span class="roman">paper sizes</span></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-config_002eps_0040r_007b_002c-searched-for_007d-261"><code>config.ps</code><span class="roman">, searched for</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-options-265">configuration file options</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-paper-size-command-338">configuration file paper size command</a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-path-256">configuration file path</a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-searching-259">configuration file searching</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-configuration-files-258">configuration files</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-configuration-files_002c-creating-9">configuration files, creating</a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-configuration-files_002c-prototype-13">configuration files, prototype</a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-configuration_002c-of-color-devices-651">configuration, of color devices</a>: <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-configuration_002c-of-color-devices-675">configuration, of color devices</a>: <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-configuration_002c-of-Dvips-2">configuration, of Dvips</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-continuation-lines_002c-not-supported-265">continuation lines, not supported</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-continuation-lines_002c-not-supported-268">continuation lines, not supported</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-control_002dD-125">control-D</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-copies_002c-collated-104">copies, collated</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-copies_002c-duplicated-page-bodies-94">copies, duplicated page bodies</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-copies_002c-uncollated-101">copies, uncollated</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Crayola-crayon-box-641">Crayola crayon box</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Crayola-crayon-box-665">Crayola crayon box</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-crop_002epro-141"><code>crop.pro</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-cropmarks-140">cropmarks</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-current-font_002c-in-PostScript-532">current font, in PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-D-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028dpi_0029_007d-269"><code>D </code><span class="roman">config command (dpi)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-dated-output-435">dated output</a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-datestamp_002c-in-output-273">datestamp, in output</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-current-font_002c-in-PostScript-556">current font, in PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-D-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028dpi_0029_007d-272"><code>D </code><span class="roman">config command (dpi)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dated-output-459">dated output</a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-datestamp_002c-in-output-276">datestamp, in output</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-debugging-107">debugging</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-debugging-48">debugging</a>: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-debugging-options-49">debugging options</a>: <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-default-resolutions-306">default resolutions</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-default_005ftexsizes-_0040r_007bMake-variable_007d-310"><code>default_texsizes </code><span class="roman">Make variable</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-default-resolutions-309">default resolutions</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-default_005ftexsizes-_0040r_007bMake-variable_007d-313"><code>default_texsizes </code><span class="roman">Make variable</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Deutsch_002c-Peter-33">Deutsch, Peter</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-device-dependency_002c-and-virtual-fonts-321">device dependency, and virtual fonts</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007bCharStrings_007d-537">dictionary, <code>CharStrings</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-PostScript-language-533">dictionary, PostScript language</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007bSDict_007d-428">dictionary, <code>SDict</code></a>: <a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007buserdict_007d-396">dictionary, <code>userdict</code></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-distillation_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dz_007d-238">distillation, and `<samp><span class="samp">-z</span></samp>'</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-distiller_002c-for-PDF-files-447">distiller, for PDF files</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-dot-accent-568">dot accent</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-device-dependency_002c-and-virtual-fonts-324">device dependency, and virtual fonts</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007bCharStrings_007d-561">dictionary, <code>CharStrings</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-PostScript-language-557">dictionary, PostScript language</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007bSDict_007d-452">dictionary, <code>SDict</code></a>: <a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007buserdict_007d-420">dictionary, <code>userdict</code></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-distillation_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dz_007d-239">distillation, and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-z</span></samp>&rsquo;</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-distiller_002c-for-PDF-files-471">distiller, for PDF files</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dot-accent-592">dot accent</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-double_002dsided-printing-98">double-sided printing</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-downloading-fonts-partially-620">downloading fonts partially</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-downloading-PostScript-fonts-616">downloading PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Doyle_002c-Mark-451">Doyle, Mark</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-draft-copies-434">draft copies</a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-dual-paper-trays-337">dual paper trays</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-duplex-printers-409">duplex printers</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-DVI-magnification-371">DVI magnification</a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-dvihps_0040r_007b_002c-hyperdvi-to-PostScript_007d-455"><code>dvihps</code><span class="roman">, hyperdvi to PostScript</span></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Dvips-configuration-file-options-263">Dvips configuration file options</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-dvips_002eenc-522"><code>dvips.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-DVIPSFONTS-244"><code>DVIPSFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-DVIPSHEADERS-245"><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-DVIPSHEADERS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-H-280"><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> H</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-DVIPSMAKEPK-246"><code>DVIPSMAKEPK</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-DVIPSRC-248"><code>DVIPSRC</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-DVIPSSIZES-249"><code>DVIPSSIZES</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-DVIPSSIZES_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-R-308"><code>DVIPSSIZES</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> R</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-dynamic-creation-of-graphics-383">dynamic creation of graphics</a>: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-e-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028maxdrift_0029_007d-270"><code>e </code><span class="roman">config command (maxdrift)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-E-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028shell-escape_0029_007d-271"><code>E </code><span class="roman">config command (shell escape)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-efficiency_002c-and-fonts-545">efficiency, and fonts</a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-downloading-fonts-partially-644">downloading fonts partially</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-downloading-PostScript-fonts-640">downloading PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Doyle_002c-Mark-475">Doyle, Mark</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-draft-copies-458">draft copies</a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dual-paper-trays-346">dual paper trays</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-duplex-printers-433">duplex printers</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVI-magnification-381">DVI magnification</a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dvihps_0040r_007b_002c-hyperdvi-to-PostScript_007d-479"><code>dvihps</code><span class="roman">, hyperdvi to PostScript</span></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Dvips-configuration-file-options-266">Dvips configuration file options</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dvips_002eenc-546"><code>dvips.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVIPSDEBUG-245"><code>DVIPSDEBUG</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVIPSFONTS-247"><code>DVIPSFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVIPSHEADERS-248"><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVIPSHEADERS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-H-283"><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> H</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVIPSMAKEPK-249"><code>DVIPSMAKEPK</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVIPSRC-251"><code>DVIPSRC</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVIPSSIZES-252"><code>DVIPSSIZES</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVIPSSIZES_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-R-311"><code>DVIPSSIZES</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> R</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dynamic-creation-of-graphics-407">dynamic creation of graphics</a>: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-e-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028maxdrift_0029_007d-273"><code>e </code><span class="roman">config command (maxdrift)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-E-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028shell-escape_0029_007d-274"><code>E </code><span class="roman">config command (shell escape)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-efficiency_002c-and-fonts-569">efficiency, and fonts</a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ehandler_002eps-54"><code>ehandler.ps</code></a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-embedding-Type-1-fonts-460">embedding Type 1 fonts</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-encoding-changes-550">encoding changes</a>: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-encoding-file-format-576">encoding file format</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-encoding-files-520">encoding files</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Encoding-_0040r_007bType-1-dictionary_007d-535"><code>Encoding </code><span class="roman">Type 1 dictionary</span></a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-encoding-vectors_002c-defined-521">encoding vectors, defined</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-encoding-vectors_002c-in-Type-1-fonts-534">encoding vectors, in Type 1 fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-encodings-517">encodings</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-end_002dhook-433"><code>end-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-environment-variables-243">environment variables</a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-embedding-Type-1-fonts-484">embedding Type 1 fonts</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-encoding-changes-574">encoding changes</a>: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-encoding-file-format-600">encoding file format</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-encoding-files-544">encoding files</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Encoding-_0040r_007bType-1-dictionary_007d-559"><code>Encoding </code><span class="roman">Type 1 dictionary</span></a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-encoding-vectors_002c-defined-545">encoding vectors, defined</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-encoding-vectors_002c-in-Type-1-fonts-558">encoding vectors, in Type 1 fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-encodings-541">encodings</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-end_002dhook-457"><code>end-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-environment-variables-244">environment variables</a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-EOF-124">EOF</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-eop_002dhook-431"><code>eop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-eop_002dhook-455"><code>eop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-EPS_002c-and-Ghostview-43">EPS, and Ghostview</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-EPSF-macros-356">EPSF macros</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-EPSF-macros-366">EPSF macros</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-EPSF_002c-generating-115">EPSF, generating</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-epsf_002esty-359"><code>epsf.sty</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-epsf_002etex-358"><code>epsf.tex</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-epsf_002esty-369"><code>epsf.sty</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-epsf_002etex-368"><code>epsf.tex</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Epson-printers-34">Epson printers</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-error-messages-from-printer-64">error messages from printer</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-even-pages-only-97">even pages only</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-examples-of-literal-PostScript-439">examples of literal PostScript</a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-expanded-fonts-626">expanded fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-expanded-fonts-602">expanded fonts</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-expanded-fonts-588">expanded fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-expansion_002c-of-virtual-fonts-515">expansion, of virtual fonts</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-extended-URL-469">extended URL</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-ExtendFont-590"><code>ExtendFont</code></a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-extra-characters_002c-accessing-561">extra characters, accessing</a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-F-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028filter_0029_007d-276"><code>F </code><span class="roman">config command (filter)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-f-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028filter_0029_007d-275"><code>f </code><span class="roman">config command (filter)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-examples-of-literal-PostScript-463">examples of literal PostScript</a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-expanded-fonts-650">expanded fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-expanded-fonts-626">expanded fonts</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-expanded-fonts-612">expanded fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-expansion_002c-of-virtual-fonts-539">expansion, of virtual fonts</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-extended-URL-493">extended URL</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ExtendFont-614"><code>ExtendFont</code></a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-extra-characters_002c-accessing-585">extra characters, accessing</a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-F-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028filter_0029_007d-279"><code>F </code><span class="roman">config command (filter)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-f-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028filter_0029_007d-278"><code>f </code><span class="roman">config command (filter)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-failure_002c-and-printer-errors-65">failure, and printer errors</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-failure_002c-of-long-documents-71">failure, of long documents</a>: <a href="#Long-documents-fail">Long documents fail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-failure_002c-to-include-graphics-74">failure, to include graphics</a>: <a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-failure_002c-to-print-at-all-53">failure, to print at all</a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-fallback-resolutions-305">fallback resolutions</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-figures-and-fonts-387">figures and fonts</a>: <a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-figures_002c-natural-size-363">figures, natural size</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-figures_002c-scaling-367">figures, scaling</a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fallback-resolutions-308">fallback resolutions</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-figures-and-fonts-411">figures and fonts</a>: <a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-figures_002c-natural-size-373">figures, natural size</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-figures_002c-scaling-377">figures, scaling</a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-filter_002c-running-as-a-119">filter, running as a</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-first-page-printed-186">first page printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-font-concepts-481">font concepts</a>: <a href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-font-concepts-505">font concepts</a>: <a href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-font-generation_002c-avoiding-157">font generation, avoiding</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-fontinst-547"><code>fontinst</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-as-header-files-401">fonts, as header files</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-changing-encoding-of-551">fonts, changing encoding of</a>: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-downloading-617">fonts, downloading</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-expanded-589">fonts, expanded</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-in-PostScript-figures-388">fonts, in PostScript figures</a>: <a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fontinst-571"><code>fontinst</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-as-header-files-425">fonts, as header files</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-changing-encoding-of-575">fonts, changing encoding of</a>: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-downloading-641">fonts, downloading</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-expanded-613">fonts, expanded</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-in-PostScript-figures-412">fonts, in PostScript figures</a>: <a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-installation-of-PostScript-15">fonts, installation of PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-installing-541">fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-outlined-595">fonts, outlined</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-slanted-585">fonts, slanted</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-small-caps-592">fonts, small caps</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-installing-565">fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-outlined-619">fonts, outlined</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-slanted-609">fonts, slanted</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-small-caps-616">fonts, small caps</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-system-PostScript-27">fonts, system PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-gf-files-509">gf files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-gftopk-510"><code>gftopk</code></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-gf-files-533">gf files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-gftopk-534"><code>gftopk</code></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Ghostscript-installation-31">Ghostscript installation</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ghostview-41"><code>ghostview</code></a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Ghostview_002c-and-no-_0040samp_007bN_007d-42">Ghostview, and no `<samp><span class="samp">N</span></samp>'</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-glyph-files-495">glyph files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-GLYPHFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-299"><code>GLYPHFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> P</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Ghostview_002c-and-no-_0040samp_007bN_007d-42">Ghostview, and no &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">N</span></samp>&rsquo;</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-glyph-files-519">glyph files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-GLYPHFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-302"><code>GLYPHFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> P</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-GNU-Ghostscript-39">GNU Ghostscript</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-gnuplot-386"><code>gnuplot</code></a>: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-gnuplot-410"><code>gnuplot</code></a>: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-graphics-inclusion-fails-73">graphics inclusion fails</a>: <a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-gs-_0040r_007binstallation_007d-32"><code>gs </code><span class="roman">installation</span></a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-gsave_0040r_007b_002f_007dgrestore_0040r_007b_002c-and-literal-PS_007d-441"><code>gsave</code><span class="roman">/</span><code>grestore</code><span class="roman">, and literal PS</span></a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-gsftopk-227"><code>gsftopk</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-h-_0040r_007bheader-downloading-config-command_007d-277"><code>h </code><span class="roman">header downloading config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-H-_0040r_007bheader-path-config-command_007d-278"><code>H </code><span class="roman">header path config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Hafner_002c-Jim-638">Hafner, Jim</a>: <a href="#Color">Color</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-gsave_0040r_007b_002f_007dgrestore_0040r_007b_002c-and-literal-PS_007d-465"><code>gsave</code><span class="roman">/</span><code>grestore</code><span class="roman">, and literal PS</span></a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-gsftopk-228"><code>gsftopk</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-h-_0040r_007bheader-downloading-config-command_007d-280"><code>h </code><span class="roman">header downloading config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-H-_0040r_007bheader-path-config-command_007d-281"><code>H </code><span class="roman">header path config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Hafner_002c-Jim-662">Hafner, Jim</a>: <a href="#Color">Color</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-header-file_002c-downloading-132">header file, downloading</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-header-files_002c-defined-390">header files, defined</a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-header-path_002c-defining-279">header path, defining</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-header_003d_0040var_007bfile_007d-_005cspecial-398"><code>header=</code><var>file</var><code> \special</code></a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-headers-and-memory-usage-412">headers and memory usage</a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-headers_002c-including-from-the-command-line-408">headers, including from the command line</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-headers_002c-including-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-400">headers, including in TeX</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-hints-538">hints</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-header-files_002c-defined-414">header files, defined</a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-header-path_002c-defining-282">header path, defining</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-header_003d_0040var_007bfile_007d-_005cspecial-422"><code>header=</code><var>file</var><code> \special</code></a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-headers-and-memory-usage-436">headers and memory usage</a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-headers_002c-including-from-the-command-line-432">headers, including from the command line</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-headers_002c-including-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-424">headers, including in TeX</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hints-562">hints</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hoffset-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-391"><code>hoffset </code><span class="roman">(&lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-HP-printers-and-Type-1-fonts-30">HP printers and Type 1 fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-HP4Si-printer-and-paper-trays-339">HP4Si printer and paper trays</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-href-473"><code>href</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-html-_0040r_007bspecials_007d-445"><code>html </code><span class="roman">specials</span></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-html-_0040r_007bspecials_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dz_007d_007d-240"><code>html </code><span class="roman">specials, and `<samp>-z</samp>'</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007bhttp_003a_002f_002fwww_002ewin_002etue_002enl_002f_007edickie_002fidvi_007d-449"><code>http://www.win.tue.nl/~dickie/idvi</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007bhttp_003a_002f_002fxxx_002elanl_002egov_002fhypertex_007d-450"><code>http://xxx.lanl.gov/hypertex</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Hungarian-umlaut-567">Hungarian umlaut</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-hyperdvi-extensions_002c-enabling-237">hyperdvi extensions, enabling</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-hypertext-and-bitmap-fonts-458">hypertext and bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-hypertext-caveats-456">hypertext caveats</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-hypertext-specials-465">hypertext specials</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-hypertext-support-443">hypertext support</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-i-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028pages_002fsection_0029_007d-281"><code>i </code><span class="roman">config command (pages/section)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-idvi-_0040r_007bJava-DVI-reader_007d-454"><code>idvi </code><span class="roman">Java DVI reader</span></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-HP4Si-printer-and-paper-trays-348">HP4Si printer and paper trays</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-href-497"><code>href</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hscale-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-395"><code>hscale </code><span class="roman">(&lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hsize-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-393"><code>hsize </code><span class="roman">(&lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-html-_0040r_007bspecials_007d-469"><code>html </code><span class="roman">specials</span></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-html-_0040r_007bspecials_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dz_007d_007d-241"><code>html </code><span class="roman">specials, and &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">-z</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007bhttp_003a_002f_002fwww_002ewin_002etue_002enl_002f_007edickie_002fidvi_007d-473"><code>http://www.win.tue.nl/~dickie/idvi</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007bhttp_003a_002f_002fxxx_002elanl_002egov_002fhypertex_007d-474"><code>http://xxx.lanl.gov/hypertex</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Hungarian-umlaut-591">Hungarian umlaut</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hyperdvi-extensions_002c-enabling-238">hyperdvi extensions, enabling</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hypertext-and-bitmap-fonts-482">hypertext and bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hypertext-caveats-480">hypertext caveats</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hypertext-specials-489">hypertext specials</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hypertext-support-467">hypertext support</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-i-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028pages_002fsection_0029_007d-284"><code>i </code><span class="roman">config command (pages/section)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-idvi-_0040r_007bJava-DVI-reader_007d-478"><code>idvi </code><span class="roman">Java DVI reader</span></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Illustrator_002c-workaround-for-75">Illustrator, workaround for</a>: <a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-img-477"><code>img</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-img-501"><code>img</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-including-graphics-fails-72">including graphics fails</a>: <a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-including-headers-from-the-command-line-406">including headers from the command line</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-including-headers-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-397">including headers in TeX</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-including-headers-from-the-command-line-430">including headers from the command line</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-including-headers-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-421">including headers in TeX</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-installation-of-_0040file_007bconfig_002eps_007d-6">installation of <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp></a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-installation-of-PostScript-fonts-14">installation of PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-installation_002c-of-Dvips-4">installation, of Dvips</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-installing-fonts-540">installing fonts</a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-interaction-with-PostScript-341">interaction with PostScript</a>: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-installing-fonts-564">installing fonts</a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-interaction-with-PostScript-351">interaction with PostScript</a>: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-inverted-output-60">inverted output</a>: <a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-invoking-Dvips-79">invoking Dvips</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-j-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028partial-font-downloading_0029_007d-282"><code>j </code><span class="roman">config command (partial font downloading)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Java-DVI-reader-453">Java DVI reader</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Jeffrey_002c-Alan-549">Jeffrey, Alan</a>: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-K-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028comment_002dremoveal_0029_007d-283"><code>K </code><span class="roman">config command (comment-removeal)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-kerning_002c-defined-483">kerning, defined</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-landscape-orientation_002c-defined-329">landscape orientation, defined</a>: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-landscape-papertype-216">landscape papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-landscape_0040r_007b_002c-as-_0040code_007b_005cspecial_007d_007d-331"><code>landscape</code><span class="roman">, as </span><code>\special</code></a>: <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-j-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028partial-font-downloading_0029_007d-285"><code>j </code><span class="roman">config command (partial font downloading)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Java-DVI-reader-477">Java DVI reader</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Jeffrey_002c-Alan-573">Jeffrey, Alan</a>: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-K-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028comment_002dremoveal_0029_007d-286"><code>K </code><span class="roman">config command (comment-removeal)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-kerning_002c-defined-507">kerning, defined</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-246"><code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-landscape-orientation_002c-defined-332">landscape orientation, defined</a>: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-landscape-papertype-217">landscape papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-landscape_0040r_007b_002c-as-_0040code_007b_005cspecial_007d_007d-335"><code>landscape</code><span class="roman">, as </span><code>\special</code></a>: <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-last-page-printed-146">last page printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-last_002dresort-font-scaling_002c-with-_0040code_007bDVIPSSIZES_007d-250">last-resort font scaling, with <code>DVIPSSIZES</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-last_002dresort-scaling_002c-with-_0040code_007bR_007d-307">last-resort scaling, with <code>R</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-ledger-papertype-213">ledger papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-legal-papertype-212">legal papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-letter-papertype-211">letter papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-letterhead-tray-340">letterhead tray</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-ligature-operations-580">ligature operations</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-ligature_002c-defined-484">ligature, defined</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-LIGKERN-_0040r_007bencoding-file-command_007d-578"><code>LIGKERN </code><span class="roman">encoding file command</span></a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-lines-in-figures_002c-wrong-width-379">lines in figures, wrong width</a>: <a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-links_002c-hypertext-474">links, hypertext</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-literal-headers-425">literal headers</a>: <a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-literal-PostScript_002c-examples-438">literal PostScript, examples</a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-literal-PostScript_002c-using-418">literal PostScript, using</a>: <a href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-last_002dresort-font-scaling_002c-with-_0040code_007bDVIPSSIZES_007d-253">last-resort font scaling, with <code>DVIPSSIZES</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-last_002dresort-scaling_002c-with-_0040code_007bR_007d-310">last-resort scaling, with <code>R</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ledger-papertype-214">ledger papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-legal-papertype-213">legal papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-letter-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-341"><code>letter </code><span class="roman">paper size</span></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-letter-papertype-212">letter papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-letterhead-tray-350">letterhead tray</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-letterSize-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-343"><code>letterSize </code><span class="roman">paper size</span></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ligature-operations-604">ligature operations</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ligature_002c-defined-508">ligature, defined</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-LIGKERN-_0040r_007bencoding-file-command_007d-602"><code>LIGKERN </code><span class="roman">encoding file command</span></a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-lines-in-figures_002c-wrong-width-389">lines in figures, wrong width</a>: <a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-links_002c-hypertext-498">links, hypertext</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-literal-headers-449">literal headers</a>: <a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-literal-PostScript_002c-examples-462">literal PostScript, examples</a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-literal-PostScript_002c-using-442">literal PostScript, using</a>: <a href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-llx-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-399"><code>llx </code><span class="roman">(&lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-lly-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-400"><code>lly </code><span class="roman">(&lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-long-documents-not-printing-70">long documents not printing</a>: <a href="#Long-documents-fail">Long documents fail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-low-characters_002c-shifting-129">low characters, shifting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-lpr-spooler_002c-MS_002dDOS-emulation-178">lpr spooler, MS-DOS emulation</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Lucida_002c-installing-19">Lucida, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-m-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028available-memory_0029_007d-284"><code>m </code><span class="roman">config command (available memory)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-M-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028mf-mode_0029_007d-287"><code>M </code><span class="roman">config command (mf mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-macros-for-color-639">macros for color</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-357">macros for epsf inclusion</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-354">macros for epsf inclusion</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-magnification_002c-DVI-372">magnification, DVI</a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI-230">magnification, overriding DVI</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-magnification_002c-vertical-233">magnification, vertical</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-mailcap-_0040r_007band-hypertext_007d-478"><code>mailcap </code><span class="roman">and hypertext</span></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-m-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028available-memory_0029_007d-287"><code>m </code><span class="roman">config command (available memory)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-M-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028mf-mode_0029_007d-290"><code>M </code><span class="roman">config command (mf mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-macros-for-color-663">macros for color</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-367">macros for epsf inclusion</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-364">macros for epsf inclusion</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-magnification_002c-DVI-382">magnification, DVI</a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI-231">magnification, overriding DVI</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-magnification_002c-vertical-234">magnification, vertical</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mailcap-_0040r_007band-hypertext_007d-502"><code>mailcap </code><span class="roman">and hypertext</span></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-manual-feed-151">manual feed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-maxdrift-111">maxdrift</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-maximum-pages-printed-163">maximum pages printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-media-210">media</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-memory-available-285">memory available</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-media-211">media</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-memory-available-288">memory available</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-memory-of-printer-exhausted-69">memory of printer exhausted</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-memory-usage_002c-and-headers-413">memory usage, and headers</a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-memory-usage_002c-and-headers-437">memory usage, and headers</a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-memory_002c-conserving-89">memory, conserving</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-memory_002c-used-by-PostScript-fonts-544">memory, used by PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Metafont-ligature-operations-581">Metafont ligature operations</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-memory_002c-used-by-PostScript-fonts-568">memory, used by PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont-ligature-operations-605">Metafont ligature operations</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Metafont-mode_002c-specifying-155">Metafont mode, specifying</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Metafont-source-files-506">Metafont source files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-metric-files-482">metric files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Minion-typeface-family-623">Minion typeface family</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont-source-files-530">Metafont source files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-metric-files-506">metric files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Minion-typeface-family-647">Minion typeface family</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-missfont_002elog-159"><code>missfont.log</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-MISSFONT_005fLOG-161"><code>MISSFONT_LOG</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Mitsubishi-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer-57">Mitsubishi Shinko CHC-S446i printer</a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-mkdvipspapers-334"><code>mkdvipspapers</code></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mkdvipspapers-339"><code>mkdvipspapers</code></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-avoiding_007d-158"><code>mktexpk</code><span class="roman">, avoiding</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-changing-name_007d-247"><code>mktexpk</code><span class="roman">, changing name</span></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-changing-name_007d-250"><code>mktexpk</code><span class="roman">, changing name</span></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mode-name_002c-specifying-154">mode name, specifying</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Monotype-fonts-20">Monotype fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Monotype-fonts_002c-installing-24">Monotype fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-mtpk-226"><code>mtpk</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-multiple-master-fonts-622">multiple master fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mtpk-227"><code>mtpk</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-multiple-master-fonts-646">multiple master fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-multiple-output-files-136">multiple output files</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-multiple-paper-trays-338">multiple paper trays</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Murphy_002c-Tim-471">Murphy, Tim</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-N-_0040r_007bEPS_002ddisabling-config-command_007d-288"><code>N </code><span class="roman">EPS-disabling config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-name-475"><code>name</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-narrow-fonts-628">narrow fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-multiple-paper-trays-347">multiple paper trays</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Murphy_002c-Tim-495">Murphy, Tim</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-N-_0040r_007bEPS_002ddisabling-config-command_007d-291"><code>N </code><span class="roman">EPS-disabling config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-name-499"><code>name</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-narrow-fonts-652">narrow fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-no-output-at-all-52">no output at all</a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-non_002dprinting-characters_002c-shifting-130">non-printing characters, shifting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-non_002dresident-fonts-615">non-resident fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-O-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028offset_0029_007d-291"><code>O </code><span class="roman">config command (offset)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-o-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028output-file_0029_007d-289"><code>o </code><span class="roman">config command (output file)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-oblique-fonts-583">oblique fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-octal-character-codes-605">octal character codes</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-non_002dresident-fonts-639">non-resident fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-O-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028offset_0029_007d-294"><code>O </code><span class="roman">config command (offset)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-o-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028output-file_0029_007d-292"><code>o </code><span class="roman">config command (output file)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-oblique-fonts-607">oblique fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-octal-character-codes-629">octal character codes</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-odd-pages-only-91">odd pages only</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-offset-pages-181">offset pages</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Omega-extensions-170">Omega extensions</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
@@ -4609,212 +4677,221 @@ Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<li><a href="#index-options_002c-Dvips-78">options, Dvips</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input-84">options, reading from standard input</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-options_002c-summary-80">options, summary</a>: <a href="#Option-summary">Option summary</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-options_002c-to-Afm2tfm-596">options, to Afm2tfm</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-outline-fonts-594">outline fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-outline-fonts-496">outline fonts</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-output-file_002c-sectioning-of-415">output file, sectioning of</a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-output-file_002c-setting-290">output file, setting</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-options_002c-to-Afm2tfm-620">options, to Afm2tfm</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-outline-fonts-618">outline fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-outline-fonts-520">outline fonts</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-output-file_002c-sectioning-of-439">output file, sectioning of</a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-output-file_002c-setting-293">output file, setting</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-output-files_002c-multiple-137">output files, multiple</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-output_002c-inverted-59">output, inverted</a>: <a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-output_002c-none-51">output, none</a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-output_002c-redirecting-172">output, redirecting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-output_002c-too-small-58">output, too small</a>: <a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-p-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028font-aliases_0029_007d-292"><code>p </code><span class="roman">config command (font aliases)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-P-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028PK-path_0029_007d-296"><code>P </code><span class="roman">config command (PK path)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-p-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028font-aliases_0029_007d-295"><code>p </code><span class="roman">config command (font aliases)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-P-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028PK-path_0029_007d-299"><code>P </code><span class="roman">config command (PK path)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-page-range-191">page range</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-page_002c-first-printed-187">page, first printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-page_002c-last-printed-147">page, last printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pages_002c-maximum-printed-164">pages, maximum printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PaintType-593"><code>PaintType</code></a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Pantone-colors-642">Pantone colors</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-paper-size-configuration-file-command-332">paper size configuration file command</a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PaintType-617"><code>PaintType</code></a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Pantone-colors-666">Pantone colors</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-paper-size-configuration-file-command-337">paper size configuration file command</a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-paper-size_002c-default-8">paper size, default</a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-paper-size_002c-general-328">paper size, general</a>: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-paper-trays-336">paper trays</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-paper-type-209">paper type</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-papersize-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-330"><code>papersize </code><span class="roman">special</span></a>: <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-papersize-special_002c-and-no-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d-217">papersize special, and no `<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>'</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-partial-font-downloading-619">partial font downloading</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-font-quality-461">PDF files, font quality</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-making-448">PDF files, making</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-paper-size_002c-general-331">paper size, general</a>: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-paper-trays-345">paper trays</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-paper-type-210">paper type</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-papersize-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-334"><code>papersize </code><span class="roman">special</span></a>: <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-papersize-special_002c-and-no-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d-218">papersize special, and no &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>&rsquo;</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-partial-font-downloading-643">partial font downloading</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-font-quality-485">PDF files, font quality</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-making-472">PDF files, making</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-making-37">PDF files, making</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-option-for-239">PDF files, option for</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-pdfmark-446"><code>pdfmark</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-pfa-files-500">pfa files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-pfb-files-501">pfb files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-pfb-files_002c-automatically-unpacked-636">pfb files, automatically unpacked</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-pfm-files-493">pfm files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration-652">Phaser printer, used for color calibration</a>: <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-148">physical page number, and `<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>'</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-188">physical page number, and `<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>'</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040code_007bbop_002dhook_007d-436">physical page number, and <code>bop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-option-for-240">PDF files, option for</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pdfmark-470"><code>pdfmark</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pfa-files-524">pfa files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pfb-files-525">pfb files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pfb-files_002c-automatically-unpacked-660">pfb files, automatically unpacked</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pfm-files-517">pfm files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration-676">Phaser printer, used for color calibration</a>: <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-148">physical page number, and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>&rsquo;</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-188">physical page number, and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>&rsquo;</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040code_007bbop_002dhook_007d-460">physical page number, and <code>bop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pipes_002c-not-readable-121">pipes, not readable</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-pk-files-507">pk files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PKFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-297"><code>PKFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> P</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-plotfile_0040r_007b_002c-_0040samp_007bps_007d-subspecial_007d-423"><code>plotfile</code><span class="roman">, `<samp>ps</samp>' subspecial</span></a>: <a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-pltotf-491"><code>pltotf</code></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pk-files-531">pk files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PKFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-300"><code>PKFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> P</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-plotfile_0040r_007b_002c-_0040samp_007bps_007d-subspecial_007d-447"><code>plotfile</code><span class="roman">, &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">ps</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; subspecial</span></a>: <a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pltotf-515"><code>pltotf</code></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-popen-_0040r_007bfor-output_007d-174"><code>popen </code><span class="roman">for output</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-portrait-orientation_002c-defined-333">portrait orientation, defined</a>: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-positioning-accuracy-113">positioning accuracy</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-post-_0040r_007bcode-after-headers_007d-405"><code>post </code><span class="roman">code after headers</span></a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PostScript-code_002c-literal-419">PostScript code, literal</a>: <a href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PostScript-encoding-519">PostScript encoding</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PostScript-encoding_002c-changing-557">PostScript encoding, changing</a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PostScript-font-alias-file-293">PostScript font alias file</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PostScript-font-alias-file-220">PostScript font alias file</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts-480">PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-post-_0040r_007bcode-after-headers_007d-429"><code>post </code><span class="roman">code after headers</span></a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-code_002c-literal-443">PostScript code, literal</a>: <a href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-encoding-543">PostScript encoding</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-encoding_002c-changing-581">PostScript encoding, changing</a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-font-alias-file-296">PostScript font alias file</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-font-alias-file-221">PostScript font alias file</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts-504">PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts_002c-installing-16">PostScript fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts_002c-on-your-system-28">PostScript fonts, on your system</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PostScript-header-files-391">PostScript header files</a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PostScript-hooks-429">PostScript hooks</a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PostScript-interaction-342">PostScript interaction</a>: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-header-files-415">PostScript header files</a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-hooks-453">PostScript hooks</a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-interaction-352">PostScript interaction</a>: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-PostScript-previewers-36">PostScript previewers</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PostScript-units-345">PostScript units</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-units-355">PostScript units</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-PowerPage-PostScript-implementation-55">PowerPage PostScript implementation</a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-pre-_0040r_007bcode-before-headers_007d-404"><code>pre </code><span class="roman">code before headers</span></a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pre-_0040r_007bcode-before-headers_007d-428"><code>pre </code><span class="roman">code before headers</span></a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-previewing-Dvips-output-35">previewing Dvips output</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PRINTER-251"><code>PRINTER</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PRINTER-254"><code>PRINTER</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-printer-configuration-7">printer configuration</a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-printer-configuration-file_002c-prototype-12">printer configuration file, prototype</a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-printer-errors-63">printer errors</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-printer-memory-286">printer memory</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-printer-memory-289">printer memory</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-printer-memory-exhausted-68">printer memory exhausted</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-printer-offset-182">printer offset</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PRINTER_0040r_007b_002c-and-config-file-searching_007d-261"><code>PRINTER</code><span class="roman">, and config file searching</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-PRINTER_0040r_007b_002c-avoided-with-_0040samp_007b_002df_007d_007d-122"><code>PRINTER</code><span class="roman">, avoided with `<samp>-f</samp>'</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PRINTER_0040r_007b_002c-and-config-file-searching_007d-264"><code>PRINTER</code><span class="roman">, and config file searching</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PRINTER_0040r_007b_002c-avoided-with-_0040samp_007b_002df_007d_007d-122"><code>PRINTER</code><span class="roman">, avoided with &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-printer_002c-driving-directly-126">printer, driving directly</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-problems-46">problems</a>: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-property-list-files-489">property list files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-property-list-files-513">property list files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-prototype-printer-configuration-file-11">prototype printer configuration file</a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-ps-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-421"><code>ps </code><span class="roman">special</span></a>: <a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-psfile-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-380"><code>psfile </code><span class="roman">special</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap-614"><code>psfonts.map</code></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap-587"><code>psfonts.map</code></a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ps-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-445"><code>ps </code><span class="roman">special</span></a>: <a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-psfile-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-390"><code>psfile </code><span class="roman">special</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap-638"><code>psfonts.map</code></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap-611"><code>psfonts.map</code></a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap-29"><code>psfonts.map</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-psheaderdir-392"><code>psheaderdir</code></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-psi-character-missing-462">psi character missing</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-pstopk-228"><code>pstopk</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Q-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028quiet_0029_007d-302"><code>Q </code><span class="roman">config command (quiet)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-q-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028quiet_0029_007d-301"><code>q </code><span class="roman">config command (quiet)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-psheaderdir-416"><code>psheaderdir</code></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-psi-character-missing-486">psi character missing</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pstopk-229"><code>pstopk</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Q-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028quiet_0029_007d-305"><code>Q </code><span class="roman">config command (quiet)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-q-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028quiet_0029_007d-304"><code>q </code><span class="roman">config command (quiet)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-quiet-operation-196">quiet operation</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-r-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028page-reversal_0029_007d-303"><code>r </code><span class="roman">config command (page reversal)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-R-_0040r_007bfallback-resolution-config-command_007d-304"><code>R </code><span class="roman">fallback resolution config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-reencode_002f_002a_002eenc-527"><code>reencode/*.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-reencoding-564">reencoding</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-reencoding-PostScript-fonts-629">reencoding PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-registered-_0040r_007bcharacter_002c-accessing_007d-560"><code>registered </code><span class="roman">character, accessing</span></a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-remapping-565">remapping</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-294">resident fonts, different in different printers</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-221">resident fonts, different in different printers</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-resolution-232">resolution</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-r-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028page-reversal_0029_007d-306"><code>r </code><span class="roman">config command (page reversal)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-R-_0040r_007bfallback-resolution-config-command_007d-307"><code>R </code><span class="roman">fallback resolution config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-reencode_002f_002a_002eenc-551"><code>reencode/*.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-reencoding-588">reencoding</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-reencoding-PostScript-fonts-653">reencoding PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-registered-_0040r_007bcharacter_002c-accessing_007d-584"><code>registered </code><span class="roman">character, accessing</span></a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-remapping-589">remapping</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-297">resident fonts, different in different printers</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-222">resident fonts, different in different printers</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-resolution-233">resolution</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-resolution_002c-setting-109">resolution, setting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-reverse-pagination-200">reverse pagination</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-rhi-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-403"><code>rhi </code><span class="roman">(&lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Rokicki_002c-Tomas-1">Rokicki, Tomas</a>: <a href="#Why-Dvips">Why Dvips</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-rotate_002etex-424"><code>rotate.tex</code></a>: <a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-S-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028pict-path_0029_007d-312"><code>S </code><span class="roman">config command (pict path)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-s-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028save_002frestore_0029_007d-311"><code>s </code><span class="roman">config command (save/restore)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-rotate_002etex-448"><code>rotate.tex</code></a>: <a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-rwi-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-404"><code>rwi </code><span class="roman">(&lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-S-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028pict-path_0029_007d-315"><code>S </code><span class="roman">config command (pict path)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-s-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028save_002frestore_0029_007d-314"><code>s </code><span class="roman">config command (save/restore)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-and-inverted-output-62">save/restore, and inverted output</a>: <a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-save_0040r_007b_002f_007drestore_0040r_007b_002c-and-literal-PS_007d-442"><code>save</code><span class="roman">/</span><code>restore</code><span class="roman">, and literal PS</span></a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-and-specials-422">save/restore, and specials</a>: <a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-generating-global-206">save/restore, generating global</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-scaleunit-381"><code>scaleunit</code></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-scaling-of-figures-366">scaling of figures</a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-scaling-small-caps-600">scaling small caps</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Scandinavian-A-ring-569">Scandinavian A ring</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-screen-frequencies_002c-setting-411">screen frequencies, setting</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-SDict-382"><code>SDict</code></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-SDict-_0040r_007bdictionary_007d-426"><code>SDict </code><span class="roman">dictionary</span></a>: <a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-searching-config-files_002c-order-of-257">searching config files, order of</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-sections-of-output-file_002c-and-memory-414">sections of output file, and memory</a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-save_0040r_007b_002f_007drestore_0040r_007b_002c-and-literal-PS_007d-466"><code>save</code><span class="roman">/</span><code>restore</code><span class="roman">, and literal PS</span></a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-and-specials-446">save/restore, and specials</a>: <a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-generating-global-207">save/restore, generating global</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-scaleunit-405"><code>scaleunit</code></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-scaling-of-figures-376">scaling of figures</a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-scaling-small-caps-624">scaling small caps</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Scandinavian-A-ring-593">Scandinavian A ring</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-screen-frequencies_002c-setting-435">screen frequencies, setting</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-SDict-406"><code>SDict</code></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-SDict-_0040r_007bdictionary_007d-450"><code>SDict </code><span class="roman">dictionary</span></a>: <a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-searching-config-files_002c-order-of-260">searching config files, order of</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-sections-of-output-file_002c-and-memory-438">sections of output file, and memory</a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-sections-output_002c-in-separate-files-135">sections output, in separate files</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-security-202">security</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-shell-command-execution_002c-disabling-203">shell command execution, disabling</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-shell-escape_002c-in-config-file-274">shell escape, in config file</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-shell-escape_002c-in-config-file-277">shell escape, in config file</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer-56">Shinko CHC-S446i printer</a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-show-_0040r_007bPostScript-operator_007d-530"><code>show </code><span class="roman">PostScript operator</span></a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-show-_0040r_007bPostScript-operator_007d-554"><code>show </code><span class="roman">PostScript operator</span></a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-silent-operation-197">silent operation</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-simplex-mode-on-duplex-printers-410">simplex mode on duplex printers</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-slanted-fonts-584">slanted fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-slanted-fonts_002c-making-608">slanted fonts, making</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-SlantFont-586"><code>SlantFont</code></a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-small-caps-fonts-591">small caps fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Smith_002c-Arthur-467">Smith, Arthur</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-simplex-mode-on-duplex-printers-434">simplex mode on duplex printers</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-slanted-fonts-608">slanted fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-slanted-fonts_002c-making-632">slanted fonts, making</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-SlantFont-610"><code>SlantFont</code></a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-small-caps-fonts-615">small caps fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Smith_002c-Arthur-491">Smith, Arthur</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Softkey-fonts-21">Softkey fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Softkey-fonts_002c-installing-25">Softkey fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-spaces_002c-dropped-trailing-464">spaces, dropped trailing</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-specials_002c-hypertext-466">specials, hypertext</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-splines-498">splines</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-spaces_002c-dropped-trailing-488">spaces, dropped trailing</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-specials_002c-hypertext-490">specials, hypertext</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-splines-522">splines</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-spooler_002c-lacking-127">spooler, lacking</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-spooling-to-lpr-on-MS_002dDOS-179">spooling to lpr on MS-DOS</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-standard-I_002fO-120">standard I/O</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-standard-input_002c-reading-options-from-85">standard input, reading options from</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-standard-output_002c-output-to-173">standard output, output to</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-standard-PostScript_002c-required-by-Ghostview-44">standard PostScript, required by Ghostview</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-start_002dhook-432"><code>start-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-start_002dhook-456"><code>start-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-structured-comments-166">structured comments</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-system-_0040r_007bin-config-file_007d-272"><code>system </code><span class="roman">in config file</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-T-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028TFM-path_0029_007d-315"><code>T </code><span class="roman">config command (TFM path)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Tektronix-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration-653">Tektronix Phaser printer, used for color calibration</a>: <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-system-_0040r_007bin-config-file_007d-275"><code>system </code><span class="roman">in config file</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-T-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028TFM-path_0029_007d-318"><code>T </code><span class="roman">config command (TFM path)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Tektronix-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration-677">Tektronix Phaser printer, used for color calibration</a>: <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-testpage_002etex-183"><code>testpage.tex</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-encoding_002c-changing-553">TeX encoding, changing</a>: <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-including-headers-in-399">TeX, including headers in</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-TEXCONFIG-252"><code>TEXCONFIG</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-TEXFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-300"><code>TEXFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> P</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-TEXFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-T-317"><code>TEXFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> T</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-TEXINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-S-314"><code>TEXINPUTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> S</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-texmext_002eenc-524"><code>texmext.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-encoding_002c-changing-577">TeX encoding, changing</a>: <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-including-headers-in-423">TeX, including headers in</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXCONFIG-255"><code>TEXCONFIG</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-303"><code>TEXFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> P</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-T-320"><code>TEXFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> T</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-S-317"><code>TEXINPUTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> S</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-texmext_002eenc-548"><code>texmext.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-TEXMFOUTPUT-160"><code>TEXMFOUTPUT</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-texmital_002eenc-525"><code>texmital.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-texmsym_002eenc-555"><code>texmsym.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-texmsym_002eenc-526"><code>texmsym.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-TEXPICTS-254"><code>TEXPICTS</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-TEXPICTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-S-313"><code>TEXPICTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> S</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-TEXPKS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-298"><code>TEXPKS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> P</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-TEXSIZES_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-R-309"><code>TEXSIZES</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> R</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-text-in-figures_002c-chopped-off-378">text in figures, chopped off</a>: <a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-tfm-files-487">tfm files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-TFMFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-T-316"><code>TFMFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> T</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-tftopl-490"><code>tftopl</code></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-texmital_002eenc-549"><code>texmital.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-texmsym_002eenc-579"><code>texmsym.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-texmsym_002eenc-550"><code>texmsym.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXPICTS-257"><code>TEXPICTS</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXPICTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-S-316"><code>TEXPICTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> S</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXPKS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-301"><code>TEXPKS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> P</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXSIZES_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-R-312"><code>TEXSIZES</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> R</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-text-in-figures_002c-chopped-off-388">text in figures, chopped off</a>: <a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-tfm-files-511">tfm files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TFMFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-T-319"><code>TFMFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> T</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-tftopl-514"><code>tftopl</code></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Theisen_002c-Tim-40">Theisen, Tim</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-tight-bounding-box_002c-finding-116">tight bounding box, finding</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-too_002dsmall-output-61">too-small output</a>: <a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-trademark-_0040r_007bcharacter_002c-accessing_007d-559"><code>trademark </code><span class="roman">character, accessing</span></a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-trailing-spaces_002c-dropped-463">trailing spaces, dropped</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-trademark-_0040r_007bcharacter_002c-accessing_007d-583"><code>trademark </code><span class="roman">character, accessing</span></a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-trailing-spaces_002c-dropped-487">trailing spaces, dropped</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-TranScript-167">TranScript</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-transforming-downloaded-fonts-625">transforming downloaded fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-transforming-downloaded-fonts-649">transforming downloaded fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-trouble-47">trouble</a>: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Type-1-fonts-499">Type 1 fonts</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-typesetting-in-PostScript-528">typesetting in PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-U-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028Xerox-4045_0029_007d-318"><code>U </code><span class="roman">config command (Xerox 4045)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Type-1-fonts-523">Type 1 fonts</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-typesetting-in-PostScript-552">typesetting in PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-U-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028Xerox-4045_0029_007d-321"><code>U </code><span class="roman">config command (Xerox 4045)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-uncollated-copies-102">uncollated copies</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-uncompressing-PostScript-385">uncompressing PostScript</a>: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-uniform-resource-locator-468">uniform resource locator</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-URL_002c-definition-472">URL, definition</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-URL_002c-extended-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-470">URL, extended for TeX</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-user_002ddefinable-colors-647">user-definable colors</a>: <a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-userdict_0040r_007b_002c-and-dictionary-files_007d-395"><code>userdict</code><span class="roman">, and dictionary files</span></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-uncompressing-PostScript-409">uncompressing PostScript</a>: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-uniform-resource-locator-492">uniform resource locator</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-unknown_0040r_007b_002c-paper-format-for-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d_007d-336"><code>unknown</code><span class="roman">, paper format for &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;</span></a>: <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-URL_002c-definition-496">URL, definition</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-URL_002c-extended-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-494">URL, extended for TeX</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-urx-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-401"><code>urx </code><span class="roman">(&lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ury-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-402"><code>ury </code><span class="roman">(&lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-user_002ddefinable-colors-671">user-definable colors</a>: <a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-userdict_0040r_007b_002c-and-dictionary-files_007d-419"><code>userdict</code><span class="roman">, and dictionary files</span></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-userdict_0040r_007b_002c-used-for-header-files_007d-133">userdict<span class="roman">, used for header files</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-V-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028vf-path_0029_007d-319"><code>V </code><span class="roman">config command (vf path)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-verbose-EPSF-processing-365">verbose EPSF processing</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-vf-files-512">vf files</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-virtual-font-expansion-516">virtual font expansion</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-virtual-font-path-320">virtual font path</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-virtual-fonts-511">virtual fonts</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-virtual-fonts_002c-creating-548">virtual fonts, creating</a>: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-V-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028vf-path_0029_007d-322"><code>V </code><span class="roman">config command (vf path)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-verbose-EPSF-processing-375">verbose EPSF processing</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-vf-files-536">vf files</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-virtual-font-expansion-540">virtual font expansion</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-virtual-font-path-323">virtual font path</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-virtual-fonts-535">virtual fonts</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-virtual-fonts_002c-creating-572">virtual fonts, creating</a>: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-VM-exhausted-67">VM exhausted</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-VMusage-416"><code>VMusage</code></a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-vpl-files-513">vpl files</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-vptovf-543"><code>vptovf</code></a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-W-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028warning_0029_007d-322"><code>W </code><span class="roman">config command (warning)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-warning-messages_002c-defining-323">warning messages, defining</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-VMusage-440"><code>VMusage</code></a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-voffset-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-392"><code>voffset </code><span class="roman">(&lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-vpl-files-537">vpl files</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-vptovf-567"><code>vptovf</code></a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-vscale-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-396"><code>vscale </code><span class="roman">(&lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-vsize-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-394"><code>vsize </code><span class="roman">(&lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-W-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028warning_0029_007d-325"><code>W </code><span class="roman">config command (warning)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-warning-messages_002c-defining-326">warning messages, defining</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-warnings_002c-suppressing-198">warnings, suppressing</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-whole-font-downloading-621">whole font downloading</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-wide-fonts-627">wide fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-X-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028horizontal-resolution_0029_007d-324"><code>X </code><span class="roman">config command (horizontal resolution)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Xerox-4045-223">Xerox 4045</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Y-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028vertical-resolution_0029_007d-325"><code>Y </code><span class="roman">config command (vertical resolution)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-whole-font-downloading-645">whole font downloading</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-wide-fonts-651">wide fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-X-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028horizontal-resolution_0029_007d-327"><code>X </code><span class="roman">config command (horizontal resolution)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Xerox-4045-224">Xerox 4045</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Y-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028vertical-resolution_0029_007d-328"><code>Y </code><span class="roman">config command (vertical resolution)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Y_0026Y-fonts_002c-installing-26">Y&amp;Y fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-Z-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028compression_0029_007d-326"><code>Z </code><span class="roman">config command (compression)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
-<li><a href="#index-z-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028secure-mode_0029_007d-327"><code>z </code><span class="roman">config command (secure mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Z-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028compression_0029_007d-329"><code>Z </code><span class="roman">config command (compression)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-z-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028secure-mode_0029_007d-330"><code>z </code><span class="roman">config command (secure mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-g_t_007c-_0040r_007bstarting-output-filename_007d-177"><code>| </code><span class="roman">starting output filename</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
</ul><!-- INSTALLONLY -->
</body></html>