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diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.html b/Master/texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.html deleted file mode 100644 index 61a451603f1..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4936 +0,0 @@ -<html lang="en"> -<head> -<title>Dvips: A DVI-to-PostScript translator</title> -<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html"> -<meta name="description" content="Dvips: A DVI-to-PostScript translator"> -<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.13"> -<link title="Top" rel="top" href="#Top"> -<link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage"> -<!-- -This manual documents Dvips version 5.992 -(May 2012), a program to translate a DVI file into -PostScript. You may freely use, modify and/or distribute this file.--> -<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css"> -<style type="text/css"><!-- - pre.display { font-family:inherit } - pre.format { font-family:inherit } - pre.smalldisplay { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller } - pre.smallformat { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller } - pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller } - pre.smalllisp { font-size:smaller } - span.sc { font-variant:small-caps } - span.roman { font-family:serif; font-weight:normal; } - span.sansserif { font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal; } ---></style> -</head> -<body> -<h1 class="settitle">Dvips: A DVI-to-PostScript translator</h1> - <div class="shortcontents"> -<h2>Short Contents</h2> -<ul> -<li><a href="#toc_Top">Dvips</a></li> -<li><a href="#toc_Why-Dvips">1 Why use Dvips?</a></li> -<li><a href="#toc_Installation">2 Installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#toc_Invoking-Dvips">3 Invoking Dvips</a></li> -<li><a href="#toc_Paper-size-and-landscape">4 Paper size and landscape orientation</a></li> -<li><a href="#toc_Interaction-with-PostScript">5 Interaction with PostScript</a></li> -<li><a href="#toc_PostScript-fonts">6 PostScript fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#toc_Color">7 Color</a></li> -<li><a href="#toc_Index">Index</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - - - - <div class="contents"> -<h2>Table of Contents</h2> -<ul> -<li><a name="toc_Top" href="#Top">Dvips</a> -<li><a name="toc_Why-Dvips" href="#Why-Dvips">1 Why use Dvips?</a> -<li><a name="toc_Installation" href="#Installation">2 Installation</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#config_002eps-installation">2.1 <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> installation</a> -<li><a href="#PostScript-font-installation">2.2 PostScript font installation</a> -<li><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">2.3 Ghostscript installation</a> -<li><a href="#Diagnosing-problems">2.4 Diagnosing problems</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Debug-options">2.4.1 Debug options</a> -<li><a href="#No-output">2.4.2 No output at all</a> -<li><a href="#Small-or-inverted">2.4.3 Output too small or inverted</a> -<li><a href="#Printer-errors">2.4.4 Error messages from printer</a> -<li><a href="#Long-documents-fail">2.4.5 Long documents fail to print</a> -<li><a href="#Including-graphics-fails">2.4.6 Including graphics fails</a> -</li></ul> -</li></ul> -<li><a name="toc_Invoking-Dvips" href="#Invoking-Dvips">3 Invoking Dvips</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Basic-usage">3.1 Basic usage of Dvips</a> -<li><a href="#Command_002dline-options">3.2 Command-line options</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Option-summary">3.2.1 Option summary</a> -<li><a href="#Option-details">3.2.2 Option details</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a href="#Environment-variables">3.3 Environment variables</a> -<li><a href="#Config-files">3.4 Dvips configuration files</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Configuration-file-searching">3.4.1 Configuration file searching</a> -<li><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">3.4.2 Configuration file commands</a> -</li></ul> -</li></ul> -<li><a name="toc_Paper-size-and-landscape" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">4 Paper size and landscape orientation</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#papersize-special">4.1 ‘<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>’ special</a> -<li><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">4.2 Configuration file paper size command</a> -<li><a href="#Paper-trays">4.3 Paper trays</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a name="toc_Interaction-with-PostScript" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">5 Interaction with PostScript</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#PostScript-figures">5.1 PostScript figures</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Bounding-box">5.1.1 The bounding box comment</a> -<li><a href="#_005cincludegraphics">5.1.2 The \includegraphics macro for LaTeX</a> -<li><a href="#EPSF-macros">5.1.3 Using the EPSF macros</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#EPSF-scaling">5.1.3.1 EPSF scaling</a> -<li><a href="#EPSF-clipping">5.1.3.2 EPSF clipping</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a href="#psfile-special">5.1.4 ‘<samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp>’ special</a> -<li><a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">5.1.5 Dynamic creation of PostScript graphics files</a> -<li><a href="#Fonts-in-figures">5.1.6 Fonts in figures</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a href="#Header-files">5.2 PostScript header files</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">5.2.1 Including headers from TeX</a> -<li><a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">5.2.2 Including headers from the command line</a> -<li><a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">5.2.3 Headers and memory usage</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a href="#Literal-PS">5.3 Literal PostScript</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#_0022-special">5.3.1 <code>"</code> special: Literal PostScript</a> -<li><a href="#ps-special">5.3.2 ‘<samp><span class="samp">ps</span></samp>’ special</a> -<li><a href="#Literal-headers">5.3.3 Literal headers: ‘<samp><span class="samp">!</span></samp>’ <code>\special</code></a> -<li><a href="#PostScript-hooks">5.3.4 PostScript hooks</a> -<li><a href="#Literal-examples">5.3.5 Literal examples</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a href="#Hypertext">5.4 HyperTeXt</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">5.4.1 Hypertext caveats</a> -<li><a href="#Hypertext-specials">5.4.2 Hypertext specials</a> -</li></ul> -</li></ul> -<li><a name="toc_PostScript-fonts" href="#PostScript-fonts">6 PostScript fonts</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Font-concepts">6.1 Font concepts</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Metric-files">6.1.1 Metric files</a> -<li><a href="#Glyph-files">6.1.2 Glyph files</a> -<li><a href="#Virtual-fonts">6.1.3 Virtual fonts</a> -<li><a href="#Encodings">6.1.4 Encodings</a> -<li><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">6.1.5 How PostScript typesets a character</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a href="#Making-a-font-available">6.2 Making a PostScript font available</a> -<li><a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">6.3 Invoking Afm2tfm</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Changing-font-encodings">6.3.1 Changing font encodings</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">6.3.1.1 ‘<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>’: Changing TeX encodings</a> -<li><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">6.3.1.2 ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>’: Changing PostScript encodings</a> -<li><a href="#Changing-both-encodings">6.3.1.3 ‘<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>’: Changing both TeX and PostScript encodings</a> -<li><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">6.3.1.4 Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a> -<li><a href="#Encoding-file-format">6.3.1.5 Encoding file format</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a href="#Special-font-effects">6.3.2 Special font effects</a> -<li><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">6.3.3 Afm2tfm options</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a href="#psfonts_002emap">6.4 <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>: PostScript font catalog</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a name="toc_Color" href="#Color">7 Color</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Color-macro-files">7.1 Color macro files</a> -<li><a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">7.2 User-definable colors</a> -<li><a href="#Color-subtleties">7.3 Color subtleties</a> -<li><a href="#Ted-Turner">7.4 Printing in black/white after colorizing</a> -<li><a href="#Color-device-configuration">7.5 Color device configuration</a> -<li><a href="#Color-support-details">7.6 Color support details</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Color-specifications">7.6.1 Color specifications</a> -<li><a href="#Color-specials">7.6.2 Color specials</a> -</li></ul> -</li></ul> -<li><a name="toc_Index" href="#Index">Index</a> -</li></ul> -</div> - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Top"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Why-Dvips">Why Dvips</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#dir">(dir)</a> - -</div> - -<h2 class="unnumbered">Dvips</h2> - -<p>This manual documents Dvips version 5.992 -(May 2012), a program to translate a DVI file into -PostScript. You may freely use, modify and/or distribute this file. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Why-Dvips">Why Dvips</a>: Why use Dvips? -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Installation">Installation</a>: How to compile and install Dvips. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a>: Command-line options, configuration files, etc. -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a>: Changing the paper dimensions. -<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a>: TeX meets Dvips meets PostScript. -<li><a accesskey="6" href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a>: Installing and using PostScript fonts. -<li><a accesskey="7" href="#Color">Color</a>: Using color with Dvips. -<li><a accesskey="8" href="#Index">Index</a>: General index. -</ul> - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Why-Dvips"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Installation">Installation</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Top">Top</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> - -</div> - -<h2 class="chapter">1 Why use Dvips?</h2> - -<p>The Dvips program has a number of features that set it apart from -other PostScript drivers for TeX. This rather long section describes -the advantages of using Dvips, and may be skipped if you are just -interested in learning how to use the program. See <a href="#Installation">Installation</a>, for -details of compilation and installation. - - <p>The Dvips driver generates excellent, standard PostScript, that -can be included in other documents as figures or printed through a -variety of spoolers. The generated PostScript requires very little -printer memory, so very complex documents with a lot of fonts can easily -be printed even on PostScript printers without much memory, such as the -original Apple LaserWriter. The PostScript output is also compact, -requiring less disk space to store and making it feasible as a transfer -format. - - <p>Even those documents that are too complex to print in their entirety on -a particular printer can be printed, since Dvips will -automatically split such documents into pieces, reclaiming the printer -memory between each piece. - - <p>The Dvips program supports graphics in a natural way, allowing -PostScript graphics to be included and automatically scaled and -positioned in a variety of ways. - - <p>Printers with any resolution are supported, even if they have different -resolutions in the horizontal and vertical directions. High resolution -output is supported for typesetters, including an option that compresses -the bitmap fonts so that typesetter virtual memory is not exhausted. -This option also significantly reduces the size of the PostScript file -and decoding in the printer is very fast. - - <p>Missing fonts can be automatically generated if Metafont exists on -the system, or fonts can be converted from GF to PK format -on demand. If a font cannot be generated, a scaled version of the same -font at a different size can be used instead, although Dvips will -complain loudly about the poor aesthetics of the resulting output. - - <p>Users will appreciate features such as collated copies and support for -<samp><span class="file">tpic</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">psfig</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">emtex</span></samp>, and <samp><span class="file">METAPOST</span></samp>; system -administrators will love the support for multiple printers, each with -their own configuration file, and the ability to pipe the output -directly to a program such as <samp><span class="file">lpr</span></samp>. Support for MS-DOS, OS/2, and -VMS in addition to Unix is provided in the standard distribution, and -porting to other systems is easy. - - <p>One of the most important features is the support of virtual fonts, -which add an entirely new level of flexibility to TeX. Virtual fonts -are used to give Dvips its excellent PostScript font support, handling -all the font remapping in a natural, portable, elegant, and extensible -way. Dvips even comes with its own Afm2tfm program that creates -the necessary virtual fonts and TeX font metric files automatically -from the Adobe font metric files. - - <p>Source is provided and freely distributable, so adding a site-specific feature -is possible. Adding such features is made easier by the highly modular -structure of the program. - - <p>There is really no reason to use another driver, and the more people use -Dvips, the less time will be spent fighting with PostScript and the -more time will be available to create beautiful documents. -So if you don't use Dvips on your system, get it today. - - <p><a name="index-Rokicki_002c-Tomas-1"></a>Tom Rokicki wrote and maintains the original Dvips program. - -<!-- INSTALLONLY --> -<div class="node"> -<a name="Installation"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Why-Dvips">Why Dvips</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> - -</div> - -<h2 class="chapter">2 Installation</h2> - -<p><a name="index-configuration_002c-of-Dvips-2"></a><a name="index-compilation-3"></a><a name="index-installation_002c-of-Dvips-4"></a> -<!-- ifset version --> -<!-- (A copy of this chapter is in the distribution file @file{dvipsk/INSTALL}.) --> -<!-- end ifset --> - - <p>Installing Dvips is mostly the same as installing any Kpathsea-using -program. Therefore, for the basic steps involved, -see <a href="kpathsea.html#Installation">Installation</a>. - - <p>For solutions to common installation problems and information on how to -report a bug, see the file <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/BUGS</span></samp> (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Bugs">Bugs</a>). For solutions to Dvips-specific problems, -see <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>. Also see the Dvips home page at -<a href="http://www.radicaleye.com/dvips">http://www.radicaleye.com/dvips</a>. - - <p>Dvips does require some additional installation, detailed in the -sections below. Also, to configure color devices, see <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a>. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a>: Printer and site Dvips configuration. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a>: Many PostScript fonts are freely available. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a>: A free PostScript interpreter. -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a>: Some common runtime difficulties. -</ul> - -<div class="node"> -<a name="config.ps-installation"></a> -<a name="config_002eps-installation"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a> - -</div> - -<h3 class="section">2.1 <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> installation</h3> - -<p><a name="index-config_002eps-_0040r_007binstallation_007d-5"></a><a name="index-installation-of-_0040file_007bconfig_002eps_007d-6"></a><a name="index-printer-configuration-7"></a><a name="index-paper-size_002c-default-8"></a><a name="index-configuration-files_002c-creating-9"></a> -Dvips has its own configuration files: a file <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> for -sitewide defaults, and a file <samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp> for each -printer (output device). Since these are site-specific, <code>make -install</code> does not create them; you must create them yourself. - - <p>(These Dvips configuration files are independent of the Kpathsea -configuration file <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Config-files">Config files</a>). - - <p><a name="index-config_002eproto-10"></a><a name="index-prototype-printer-configuration-file-11"></a><a name="index-printer-configuration-file_002c-prototype-12"></a><a name="index-configuration-files_002c-prototype-13"></a>Dvips configuration files contents and searching are described fully in -<a href="#Config-files">Config files</a>. The simplest way to create a new configuration file -is to copy and modify the file <samp><span class="file">dvipsk/contrib/config.proto</span></samp>, -seasoning with options to your taste from <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a>. Here is -<samp><span class="file">config.proto</span></samp> -for your reading pleasure: -<pre class="example"> % Prototype Dvips configuration file. (Public domain.) - - % How to print, maybe with lp instead lpr, etc. - o |lpr - - % Default resolution of this device, in dots per inch. - D 600 - - % Metafont mode. (This is completely different from the -M command-line - % option, which controls whether MakeTeXPK is invoked.) Get - % <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf</a> for a list of mode names. This mode - % and the D number above must agree, or MakeTeXPK will get confused. - M ljfour - - % Memory available. Download the three-line PostScript file: - % %! Hey, we're PostScript - % /Times-Roman findfont 30 scalefont setfont 144 432 moveto - % vmstatus exch sub 40 string cvs show pop showpage - % to determine this number. (It will be the only thing printed.) - m 3500000 - - % Correct printer offset. You can use testpage.tex from the LaTeX - % distribution to find these numbers. Print testpage.dvi more than once. - O 0pt,0pt - - % Partially download Type 1 fonts by default. Only reason not to do - % this is if you encounter bugs. (Please report them to - % <a href="mailto:tex-k@tug.org">tex-k@tug.org</a> if you do.) - j - - % Also look for fonts at these resolutions. - R 300 600 - - % With a high resolution and a RISC cpu, better to compress the bitmaps. - Z - - % Uncomment these if you have and want to use PostScript versions of the - % fonts. - %p +cmfonts.map - %p +lafonts.map - %p +cyrfonts.map - %p +eufonts.map - - % To include another configuration file here. - %c FILENAME - - % You will also want definitions for alternative paper sizes -- A4, - % legal, and such. Examples in <samp><span class="file">contrib/papersize.level2</span></samp> and - % <samp><span class="file">contrib/papersize.simple</span></samp>. -</pre> - <div class="node"> -<a name="PostScript-font-installation"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a> - -</div> - -<h3 class="section">2.2 PostScript font installation</h3> - -<p><a name="index-installation-of-PostScript-fonts-14"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-installation-of-PostScript-15"></a><a name="index-PostScript-fonts_002c-installing-16"></a> -To use PostScript fonts with TeX and Dvips, you need both metric -files (<samp><span class="file">.tfm</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">.vf</span></samp>) and the outlines (<samp><span class="file">.pfa</span></samp> or -<samp><span class="file">.pfb</span></samp>). See <a href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>. - - <p><a name="index-Adobe-fonts-17"></a><a name="index-Bigelow-_0026-Holmes-fonts-18"></a><a name="index-Lucida_002c-installing-19"></a><a name="index-Monotype-fonts-20"></a><a name="index-Softkey-fonts-21"></a>To support the basic PostScript font set, the recommended (and -simplest) approach is to install the files at -<a href="http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/psfonts/lw35nfsx.zip">http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/psfonts/lw35nfsx.zip</a>. -This archive contains metrics, outlines, and bitmaps (for previewing) -for the 35 de facto standard fonts donated by URW and the additional -high-quality freely available PostScript fonts donated by Adobe, -Bitstream, and URW, including geometrically-created variants such as -oblique and small caps. - - <p><a name="index-Adobe-fonts_002c-installing-22"></a><a name="index-Bitstream-fonts_002c-installing-23"></a><a name="index-Monotype-fonts_002c-installing-24"></a><a name="index-Softkey-fonts_002c-installing-25"></a><a name="index-Y_0026Y-fonts_002c-installing-26"></a><samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/fonts/psfonts</span></samp> contains support for many additional -fonts for which you must buy outlines (Adobe, Bigelow & Holmes, -Monotype, Softkey, Y&Y). (For CTAN info, see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>; a copy is in the top-level file <samp><span class="file">INSTALL</span></samp>.) - - <p><a name="index-fonts_002c-system-PostScript-27"></a><a name="index-PostScript-fonts_002c-on-your-system-28"></a><a name="index-psfonts_002emap-29"></a>If you have additional PostScript fonts, you can make them available to -Dvips by (1) giving them with appropriate filenames; and (2) running -Afm2tfm (see <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a>) to make TFM and VF metrics for -TeX and Dvips to use. Also add them to <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> if -necessary (see <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>); it contains everything contained in -<samp><span class="file">lw35nfsx.zip</span></samp> and most fonts that come with Unix systems. - - <p>Following are locations for vendor-supplied fonts. Please mail -<a href="mailto:tex-k@tug.org">tex-k@tug.org</a> if you find fonts elsewhere on your system. - - <dl> -<dt>DEC Ultrix<dd><tt>/usr/lib/DPS/outline/decwin</tt> - - <br><dt>DEC Digital Unix<dd><tt>/usr/lib/X11/fonts/Type1Adobe</tt> - - <br><dt>HP HP-UX 9, 10<dd><tt>/usr/lib/X11/fonts/type1.st/typefaces</tt> - - <br><dt>IBM AIX<dd><tt>/usr/lpp/DPS/fonts/outlines</tt><br> -<tt>/usr/lpp/X11/lib/X11/fonts/Type1</tt><br> -<tt>/usr/lpp/X11/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/DPS</tt> - - <br><dt>NeXT<dd><tt>/NextLibrary/Fonts/outline</tt> - - <br><dt>SGI IRIX<dd><tt>/usr/lib/DPS/outline/base</tt> -<tt>/usr/lib/X11/fonts/Type1</tt> - - <br><dt>Sun SunOS 4.x<dd>(NeWSprint only)<br> -<tt>newsprint_2.5/SUNWsteNP/reloc/$BASEDIR/</tt><br> -<tt> NeWSprint/small_openwin/lib/fonts</tt><br> -<tt>/usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/outline</tt> - - <br><dt>Sun Solaris 2<dd><tt>/usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/outline</tt> - - <br><dt>VMS<dd><tt>SYS$COMMON:[SYSFONT.XDPS.OUTLINE]</tt> -</dl> - -<p class="noindent">The NeXT system supplies more fonts than any others, but -there's a lot of overlap. - - <p><a name="index-HP-printers-and-Type-1-fonts-30"></a>Finally, if you have an Hewlett-Packard printer, you should be able to -get Type 1 font files for the standard 35 fonts from HP, if the freely -available URW Type 1's do not satisfy for whatever reason. The phone -number for HP Printer Drivers is (in the United States) 303-339-7009. -The driver set to ask for is Adobe Type Manager 2.51, and the disk set -number is ‘<samp><span class="samp">MP210en3</span></samp>’. Mentioning anything other than Microsoft -Windows when you ask for the driver set will likely lead to great -confusion on the other end. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Ghostscript-installation"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a> - -</div> - -<h3 class="section">2.3 Ghostscript installation</h3> - -<p><a name="index-Ghostscript-installation-31"></a><a name="index-gs-_0040r_007binstallation_007d-32"></a> -<a name="index-Deutsch_002c-Peter-33"></a><a name="index-Epson-printers-34"></a><a name="index-previewing-Dvips-output-35"></a><a name="index-PostScript-previewers-36"></a><a name="index-PDF-files_002c-making-37"></a><a name="index-Aladdin-Ghostscript-38"></a>Ghostscript is a PostScript interpreter freely available to end-users, -written by Peter Deutsch. It can read the PostScript produced by Dvips -and render it on your monitor, or for another device (e.g., an Epson -printer) that does not support PostScript, or in PDF format. The latest -version is available via <a href="http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/index.html">http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/index.html</a> -and <a href="ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/pub/ghost/aladdin/">ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/pub/ghost/aladdin/</a>. - - <p><a name="index-GNU-Ghostscript-39"></a>A somewhat older version of Ghostscript is available under the GNU -General Public License, free to everyone. You can get that from -<a href="ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/">ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/</a>. - - <p><a name="index-Theisen_002c-Tim-40"></a><a name="index-ghostview-41"></a><a name="index-Ghostview_002c-and-no-_0040samp_007bN_007d-42"></a><a name="index-EPS_002c-and-Ghostview-43"></a><a name="index-standard-PostScript_002c-required-by-Ghostview-44"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-required-by-Ghostview_007d-45"></a>The program Ghostview, written by Tim Theisen, provides typical -previewing capabilities (next page/previous page, magnification, etc.). -It requires Ghostscript to run, and files in structured Postscript, -specifically with ‘<samp><span class="samp">%%Page</span></samp>’ comments (no ‘<samp><span class="samp">N</span></samp>’ in -<samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>). You can get Ghostview from the same places as -Ghostscript. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Diagnosing-problems"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a> - -</div> - -<h3 class="section">2.4 Diagnosing problems</h3> - -<p><a name="index-problems-46"></a><a name="index-trouble-47"></a><a name="index-debugging-48"></a> -You've gone through all the trouble of installing Dvips, carefully read -all the instructions in this manual, and still can't get something to -work. The following sections provide some helpful hints if you find -yourself in such a situation. - - <p>For details on effective bug reporting, common installation problems, -and <code>mktexpk</code> problems, see <a href="kpathsea.html#Bugs">Bugs</a>. - - <p>A good first debugging operation is to set the environment variable -<samp><span class="env">DVIPSDEBUG</span></samp>, which will display any configuration and map files -read by Dvips. This way you can be sure it's finding the files and -settings you expect. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>: Getting diagnostics. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#No-output">No output</a>: No output at all. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a>: Output too small or inverted. -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a>: The printer sends back errors. -<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Long-documents-fail">Long documents fail</a>: Long documents fail to print. -<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a>: Figures don't work. -</ul> - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Debug-options"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#No-output">No output</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">2.4.1 Debug options</h4> - -<p><a name="index-debugging-options-49"></a><a name="index-options_002c-debugging-50"></a> -The ‘<samp><span class="samp">-d</span></samp>’ flag to Dvips helps in tracking down certain errors. -The parameter to this flag is an integer that tells what errors are -currently being tracked. To track a certain class of debug messages, -specify the appropriate number given below; if you wish to track -multiple classes, sum the numbers of the classes you wish to track. -To track all classes, you can use <code>-1</code>. - - <p>You can also set the environment variable <samp><span class="env">KPATHSEA_DEBUG</span></samp> instead -of using ‘<samp><span class="samp">-d</span></samp>’. Some of these debugging options are actually -provided by Kpathsea (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Debugging">Debugging</a>). - - <p>The classes are: - - <dl> -<dt>1<dd>specials -<br><dt>2<dd>paths -<br><dt>4<dd>fonts -<br><dt>8<dd>pages -<br><dt>16<dd>headers -<br><dt>32<dd>font compression -<br><dt>64<dd>files -<br><dt>128<dd>(omitted) -<br><dt>256<dd>config files -<br><dt>512<dd>Kpathsea <code>stat</code> calls -<br><dt>1024<dd>Kpathsea hash table lookups -<br><dt>2048<dd>Kpathsea path element expansion -<br><dt>4096<dd>Kpathsea path searches -</dl> - -<div class="node"> -<a name="No-output"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">2.4.2 No output at all</h4> - -<p><a name="index-output_002c-none-51"></a><a name="index-no-output-at-all-52"></a><a name="index-failure_002c-to-print-at-all-53"></a> -If you are not getting any output at all, even from the simplest -one-character file (for instance, ‘<samp><span class="samp">\ \bye</span></samp>’), then something is very -wrong. Practically any file sent to a PostScript laser printer should -generate some output, at the very least a page detailing what error -occurred, if any. Talk to your system administrator about downloading a -PostScript error handler. (Adobe distributes a good one called -‘<samp><span class="samp">ehandler.ps</span></samp>’.) -<a name="index-ehandler_002eps-54"></a> -<a name="index-PowerPage-PostScript-implementation-55"></a><a name="index-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer-56"></a><a name="index-Mitsubishi-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer-57"></a>It is possible, especially if you are using non-Adobe PostScript, that -your PostScript interpreter is broken. Even then it should generate an -error message. Dvips tries to work around as many bugs as possible in -common non-Adobe PostScript interpreters, but doubtless it misses a few. -PowerPage Revision 1, Interpreter Version 20001.001, on a Mitsubishi -Shinko CHC-S446i color thermal dye sublimation printer is known to be -unable to print with any but builtin fonts. - - <p>If Dvips gives any strange error messages, or compilation on your -machine generated a lot of warnings, perhaps the Dvips program itself is -broken. Try using the debug options to determine where the error -occurred (see <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>). - - <p>It is possible your spooler is broken and is misinterpreting the -structured comments. Try the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-N</span></samp>’ flag to turn off structured -comments and see what happens. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Small-or-inverted"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#No-output">No output</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">2.4.3 Output too small or inverted</h4> - -<p><a name="index-output_002c-too-small-58"></a><a name="index-output_002c-inverted-59"></a><a name="index-inverted-output-60"></a><a name="index-too_002dsmall-output-61"></a> -<a name="index-save_002frestore_002c-and-inverted-output-62"></a>If some documents come out inverted or too small, probably your spooler -is not supplying an end of job indicator at the end of each file. (This -commonly happens on small machines that don't have spoolers.) You can -force Dvips to do this with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-F</span></samp>’ flag (or ‘<samp><span class="samp">F</span></samp>’ config file -option), but this generates files with a terminating binary character -(control-D). You can also try using the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-s</span></samp>’ flag (or ‘<samp><span class="samp">s</span></samp>’ -config file option) to enclose the entire job in a save/restore pair. -See <a href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a>, and <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a>. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Printer-errors"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Long-documents-fail">Long documents fail</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">2.4.4 Error messages from printer</h4> - -<p><a name="index-printer-errors-63"></a><a name="index-error-messages-from-printer-64"></a><a name="index-failure_002c-and-printer-errors-65"></a> -<a name="index-g_t_0040t_007bbop-undefined_007d-error-66"></a>If your printer returns error messages, the error message gives very -good information on what might be going wrong. One of the most common -error messages is ‘<samp><span class="samp">bop undefined</span></samp>’. This is caused by old versions -of Transcript and other spoolers that do not properly parse the setup -section of the PostScript. To fix this, turn off structured comments -with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-N</span></samp>’ option, but it'd be best to get your spooling -software updated. - - <p><a name="index-VM-exhausted-67"></a><a name="index-printer-memory-exhausted-68"></a><a name="index-memory-of-printer-exhausted-69"></a>Another error message is ‘<samp><span class="samp">VM exhausted</span></samp>’. Some printers indicate -this error by locking up, others quietly reset. This is caused by Dvips -thinking that the printer has more memory than it actually does, and -then printing a complicated document. To fix this, try lowering the -‘<samp><span class="samp">m</span></samp>’ parameter in the configuration file; use the debug option to -make sure you adjust the correct file. - - <p>Other errors may indicate you are trying to include graphics that don't -nest properly in other PostScript documents, among other things. Try -the PostScript file on a QMS PS-810 or other Adobe PostScript printer if -you have one, or Ghostscript (see <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a>); it -might be a problem with the printer itself. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Long-documents-fail"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">2.4.5 Long documents fail to print</h4> - -<p><a name="index-long-documents-not-printing-70"></a><a name="index-failure_002c-of-long-documents-71"></a> -This is usually caused by incorrectly specifying the amount of memory -the printer has in the configuration file; see the previous section. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Including-graphics-fails"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Long-documents-fail">Long documents fail</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">2.4.6 Including graphics fails</h4> - -<p><a name="index-including-graphics-fails-72"></a><a name="index-graphics-inclusion-fails-73"></a><a name="index-failure_002c-to-include-graphics-74"></a> -The most common problem with including graphics is an incorrect bounding -box (see <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a>). Complain to whoever wrote the software that -generated the file if the bounding box is indeed incorrect. - - <p><a name="index-Illustrator_002c-workaround-for-75"></a>Another possible problem is that the figure you are trying to include -does not nest properly; there are certain rules PostScript applications -must follow when generating files to be included. The Dvips program -includes work-arounds for such errors in Adobe Illustrator and other -programs, but there are certainly applications that haven't been tested. - - <p>One possible thing to try is the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-K</span></samp>’ flag which strips the comments -from an included figure. This might be necessary if the PostScript -spooling software does not read the structured comments correctly. Use -of this flag will break graphics from some applications, though, since -some applications read the PostScript file from the input stream, -looking for a particular comment. - - <p><a name="index-binary-files_002c-not-supported-76"></a>Any application which generates graphics output containing raw binary -(not ASCII hex) will probably fail with Dvips. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Invoking-Dvips"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Installation">Installation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> - -</div> - -<h2 class="chapter">3 Invoking Dvips</h2> - -<p><a name="index-command_002dline-options-77"></a><a name="index-options_002c-Dvips-78"></a><a name="index-invoking-Dvips-79"></a> -Dvips reads a DVI file as output by (for example) TeX, and converts -it to PostScript, taking care of builtin or downloaded PostScript fonts, -font reencoding, color, etc. These features are described in other -chapters in this document. - - <p>There many ways to control Dvips' behavior: configuration files, -environment variables, and command-line options. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Basic-usage">Basic usage</a> -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a> -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a> -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Config-files">Config files</a> -</ul> - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Basic-usage"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a> - -</div> - -<h3 class="section">3.1 Basic usage of Dvips</h3> - -<p><a name="index-usage_002c-basic-80"></a> -To use Dvips at its simplest, simply type - -<pre class="example"> dvips foo -</pre> - <p class="noindent">where <samp><span class="file">foo.dvi</span></samp> is the output of TeX that you want to print. -The default output is to a corresponding file <samp><span class="file">foo.ps</span></samp>; Dvips may -also have been locally configured to output directly to a printer by -default. - - <p>If you use fonts that have not been used on your system before, they may -be automatically generated; this process can take a few minutes, so -progress reports appear by default. The next time that document is -printed, these fonts will have been saved in the proper directories, so -printing will go much faster. (If Dvips tries to endlessly generate the -same fonts over and over again, it hasn't been installed properly. -See <a href="kpathsea.html#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a>.) - - <p>Many options are available (see the next section). For a brief summary -of available options, just type - -<pre class="example"> dvips --help -</pre> - <div class="node"> -<a name="Command-line-options"></a> -<a name="Command_002dline-options"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Basic-usage">Basic usage</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a> - -</div> - -<h3 class="section">3.2 Command-line options</h3> - -<p>Dvips has a plethora of command line options. Reading through this -section will give a good idea of the capabilities of the driver. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Option-summary">Option summary</a>: Quick listing, from Dvips --help. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>: More information about each option. -</ul> - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Option-summary"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">3.2.1 Option summary</h4> - -<p><a name="index-options_002c-summary-81"></a>Here is a handy summary of the options; it is printed out when you run -Dvips with no arguments or with the standard ‘<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>’ option. -<a name="index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-82"></a> -<pre class="verbatim">Usage: dvips [OPTION]... FILENAME[.dvi] -Convert DVI input files to PostScript. -See http://tug.org/dvips/ for the full manual and other information. - -Options: --a* Conserve memory, not time -A Print only odd (TeX) pages --b # Page copies, for posters e.g. -B Print only even (TeX) pages --c # Uncollated copies -C # Collated copies --d # Debugging -D # Resolution --e # Maxdrift value -E* Try to create EPSF --f* Run as filter -F* Send control-D at end - -G* Shift low chars to higher pos. --h f Add header file --i* Separate file per section --j* Download fonts partially --k* Print crop marks -K* Pull comments from inclusions --l # Last page --m* Manual feed -M* Don't make fonts --mode s Metafont device name --n # Maximum number of pages -N* No structured comments --noomega Disable Omega extensions --noptex Disable pTeX extensions --o f Output file -O c Set/change paper offset --p # First page -P s Load config.$s --pp l Print only pages listed --q* Run quietly --r* Reverse order of pages -R* Run securely --s* Enclose output in save/restore -S # Max section size in pages --t s Paper format -T c Specify desired page size --u s PS mapfile -U* Disable string param trick --v Print version number and quit -V* Send downloadable PS fonts as PK --x # Override dvi magnification -X # Horizontal resolution --y # Multiply by dvi magnification -Y # Vertical resolution --z* Hyper PS -Z* Compress bitmap fonts - # = number f = file s = string * = suffix, `0' to turn off - c = comma-separated dimension pair (e.g., 3.2in,-32.1cm) - l = comma-separated list of page ranges (e.g., 1-4,7-9) - -Email bug reports to tex-k@mail.tug.org. -</pre> - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Option-details"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Option-summary">Option summary</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">3.2.2 Option details</h4> - -<p><a name="index-option_002c-details-of-83"></a> -Many of the parameterless options listed here can be turned off by -suffixing the option with a zero (‘<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>’); for instance, to turn off -page reversal, use ‘<samp><span class="samp">-r0</span></samp>’. Such options are marked with a trailing -‘<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>’. - - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d-84"></a><a name="index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input-85"></a><a name="index-standard-input_002c-reading-options-from-86"></a>Read additional options from standard input after processing the command -line. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-87"></a>Print a usage message and exit. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dversion-88"></a>Print the version number and exit. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-a*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002da-89"></a><a name="index-memory_002c-conserving-90"></a>Conserve memory by making three passes over the DVI file instead -of two and only loading those characters actually used. Generally only -useful on machines with a very limited amount of memory, like some PCs. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-A</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dA-91"></a><a name="index-odd-pages-only-92"></a>Print only the odd pages. This option uses TeX -page numbers, not physical page numbers. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-b </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002db-_0040var_007bnum_007d-93"></a><a name="index-g_t_002f_0023copies-94"></a><a name="index-copies_002c-duplicated-page-bodies-95"></a><a name="index-color-separations-96"></a>Generate <var>num</var> copies of each page, but duplicating the page body -rather than using the ‘<samp><span class="samp">/#copies</span></samp>’ PostScript variable. This can -be useful in conjunction with a header file setting ‘<samp><span class="samp">bop-hook</span></samp>’ to -do color separations or other neat tricks. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-B</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dB-97"></a><a name="index-even-pages-only-98"></a><a name="index-double_002dsided-printing-99"></a>Print only the even pages. This option uses TeX page numbers, not -physical page numbers. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-c </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dc-_0040var_007bnum_007d-100"></a><a name="index-g_t_002f_0023copies-101"></a><a name="index-copies_002c-uncollated-102"></a><a name="index-uncollated-copies-103"></a>Generate <var>num</var> consecutive copies of every page, i.e., the output is -uncollated. This merely sets the builtin PostScript variable -‘<samp><span class="samp">/#copies</span></samp>’. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-C </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dC-_0040var_007bnum_007d-104"></a><a name="index-copies_002c-collated-105"></a><a name="index-collated-copies-106"></a>Generate <var>num</var> copies, but collated (by replicating the data in the -PostScript file). Slower than the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-c</span></samp>’ option, but easier on the -hands, and faster than resubmitting the same PostScript file multiple -times. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-d </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dd-_0040var_007bnum_007d-107"></a><a name="index-debugging-108"></a>Set the debug flags, showing what Dvips (thinks it) is doing. This will -work unless Dvips has been compiled without the ‘<samp><span class="samp">DEBUG</span></samp>’ option (not -recommended). See <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>, for the possible values of -<var>num</var>. Use ‘<samp><span class="samp">-d -1</span></samp>’ as the first option for maximum output. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-D </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dD-_0040var_007bnum_007d-109"></a><a name="index-resolution_002c-setting-110"></a>Set both the horizontal and vertical resolution to <var>num</var>, given in -dpi (dots per inch). This affects the choice of bitmap fonts that are -loaded and also the positioning of letters in resident PostScript -fonts. Must be between 10 and 10000. This affects both the horizontal -and vertical resolution. If a high resolution (something greater than -400 dpi, say) is selected, the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-Z</span></samp>’ flag should probably also be -used. If you are using fonts made with Metafont, such as Computer -Modern, <samp><span class="file">mktexpk</span></samp> needs to know about the value for <var>num</var> -that you use or Metafont will fail. See the file -<a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf</a> for a list of resolutions and mode -names for most devices. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-e </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002de-_0040var_007bnum_007d-111"></a><a name="index-maxdrift-112"></a><a name="index-accuracy-in-positioning-113"></a><a name="index-positioning-accuracy-114"></a>Maximum drift in pixels of each character from its `true' -resolution-independent position on the page. The default value of this -parameter is resolution dependent (it is the number of entries in the -list [100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1600, 2000, 2400, -2800, 3200, <small class="dots">...</small>] that are less than or equal to the resolution in -dots per inch). Allowing individual characters to `drift' from their -correctly rounded positions by a few pixels, while regaining the true -position at the beginning of each new word, improves the spacing of -letters in words. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-E*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dE-115"></a><a name="index-EPSF_002c-generating-116"></a><a name="index-tight-bounding-box_002c-finding-117"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-finding-tight-118"></a>Generate an EPSF file with a tight bounding box. This only looks at -marks made by characters and rules, not by any included graphics. In -addition, it gets the glyph metrics from the TFM file, so characters -that print outside their enclosing TFM box may confuse it. In addition, -the bounding box might be a bit too loose if the character glyph has -significant left or right side bearings. Nonetheless, this option works -well enough for creating small EPSF files for equations or tables or the -like. (Of course, Dvips output, especially when using bitmap fonts, is -resolution-dependent and thus does not make very good EPSF files, -especially if the images are to be scaled; use these EPSF files with -care.) For multiple page input files, also specify ‘<samp><span class="samp">-i</span></samp>’ to get -each page as a separate EPSF file; otherwise, all the pages are overlaid -in the single output file. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-f*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002df-119"></a><a name="index-filter_002c-running-as-a-120"></a><a name="index-standard-I_002fO-121"></a><a name="index-pipes_002c-not-readable-122"></a><a name="index-PRINTER_0040r_007b_002c-avoided-with-_0040samp_007b_002df_007d_007d-123"></a>Run as a filter. Read the DVI file from standard input and write the -PostScript to standard output. The standard input must be seekable, so -it cannot be a pipe. If your input must be a pipe, write a shell script -that copies the pipe output to a temporary file and then points Dvips at -this file. This option also disables the automatic reading of the -<code>PRINTER</code> environment variable; use ‘<samp><span class="samp">-P$PRINTER</span></samp>’ after the -‘<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>’ to read it anyway. It also turns off the automatic sending of -control-D if it was turned on with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-F</span></samp>’ option or in the -configuration file; use ‘<samp><span class="samp">-F</span></samp>’ after the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>’ to send it anyway. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-F*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dF-124"></a><a name="index-EOF-125"></a><a name="index-control_002dD-126"></a><a name="index-printer_002c-driving-directly-127"></a><a name="index-spooler_002c-lacking-128"></a>Write control-D (ASCII code 4) as the very last character of the -PostScript file. This is useful when Dvips is driving the printer -directly instead of working through a spooler, as is common on personal -systems. On systems shared by more than one person, this is not -recommended. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-G*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dG-129"></a><a name="index-low-characters_002c-shifting-130"></a><a name="index-non_002dprinting-characters_002c-shifting-131"></a>Shift non-printing characters (ASCII 0-32, 127) to higher-numbered positions. -This was useful to work around bugs in old versions of Adobe's PDF -reader. It's more likely to cause problems nowadays. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-h </span><var>name</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dh-_0040var_007bname_007d-132"></a><a name="index-header-file_002c-downloading-133"></a><a name="index-userdict_0040r_007b_002c-used-for-header-files_007d-134"></a>Prepend <var>name</var> as an additional header file, or, if <var>name</var> is -‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’, suppress all header files. Any definitions in the header file -get added to the PostScript ‘<samp><span class="samp">userdict</span></samp>’. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-i*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002di-135"></a><a name="index-sections-output_002c-in-separate-files-136"></a><a name="index-multiple-output-files-137"></a><a name="index-output-files_002c-multiple-138"></a>Make each section be a separate file; a <dfn>section</dfn> is a part of the -document processed independently, most often created to avoid memory -overflow. The filenames are created replacing the suffix of the -supplied output file name by a three-digit sequence number. This option -is most often used in conjunction with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-S</span></samp>’ option which sets -the maximum section length in pages; if ‘<samp><span class="samp">-i</span></samp>’ is specified and -‘<samp><span class="samp">-S</span></samp>’ is not, each page is output as a separate file. For instance, -some phototypesetters cannot print more than ten or so consecutive pages -before running out of steam; these options can be used to automatically -split a book into ten-page sections, each to its own file. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-j*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dj-_0040r_007bfor-partial-font-downloading_007d-139"></a>Download only needed characters from Type 1 fonts. This is the -default in the current release. Some debugging flags trace this operation -(see <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>). You can also control partial downloading on a -per-font basis (see <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-k*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dk-_0040r_007bfor-cropmarks_007d-140"></a><a name="index-cropmarks-141"></a><a name="index-crop_002epro-142"></a>Print crop marks. This option increases the paper size (which should be -specified, either with a paper size special or with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>’ -option) by a half inch in each dimension. It translates each page by a -quarter inch and draws cross-style crop marks. It is mostly useful with -typesetters that can set the page size automatically. This works by -downloading <samp><span class="file">crop.pro</span></samp>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-K*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dK-143"></a><a name="index-comments_002c-removing-included-144"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-removing_007d-145"></a>Remove comments in included PostScript graphics, font files, and -headers; only necessary to get around bugs in spoolers or PostScript -post-processing programs. Specifically, the ‘<samp><span class="samp">%%Page</span></samp>’ -comments, when left in, often cause difficulties. Use of this flag can -cause other graphics to fail, however, since the PostScript header -macros from some software packages read portion the input stream line by -line, searching for a particular comment. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-l [=]</span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dl-_005b_003d_005d_0040var_007bnum_007d-146"></a><a name="index-last-page-printed-147"></a><a name="index-page_002c-last-printed-148"></a><a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-149"></a><a name="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-150"></a>The last page printed will be the first one numbered <var>num</var>. Default -is the last page in the document. If <var>num</var> is prefixed by an equals -sign, then it (and the argument to the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>’ option, if specified) -is treated as a physical (absolute) page number, rather than a value to -compare with the TeX ‘<samp><span class="samp">\count0</span></samp>’ values stored in the DVI file. -Thus, using ‘<samp><span class="samp">-l =9</span></samp>’ will end with the ninth page of the document, -no matter what the pages are actually numbered. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-m*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dm-151"></a><a name="index-manual-feed-152"></a>Specify manual feed, if supported by the output device. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-mode </span><var>mode</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmode-_0040var_007bmode_007d-153"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dmode-154"></a><a name="index-mode-name_002c-specifying-155"></a><a name="index-Metafont-mode_002c-specifying-156"></a>Use <var>mode</var> as the Metafont device name for path searching and font -generation. This overrides any value from configuration files. With -the default paths, explicitly specifying the mode also makes the program -assume the fonts are in a subdirectory named <var>mode</var>. -See <a href="kpathsea.html#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a>. If Metafont does not understand the <var>mode</var> name, see -<a href="kpathsea.html#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-M*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dM-157"></a><a name="index-font-generation_002c-avoiding-158"></a><a name="index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-avoiding_007d-159"></a><a name="index-missfont_002elog-160"></a><!-- this description repeated in kpathsea.texi --> -Turns off automatic font generation (<samp><span class="file">mktexpk</span></samp>). If -<code>mktexpk</code>, the invocation is appended to a file -<samp><span class="file">missfont.log</span></samp> (by default) in the current directory. You can then -execute the log file to create the missing files after fixing the -problem. -<a name="index-TEXMFOUTPUT-161"></a><a name="index-MISSFONT_005fLOG-162"></a>If the current directory is not writable and the environment variable or -configuration file value ‘<samp><span class="samp">TEXMFOUTPUT</span></samp>’ is set, its value is used. -Otherwise, nothing is written. The name ‘<samp><span class="samp">missfont.log</span></samp>’ is -overridden by the ‘<samp><span class="samp">MISSFONT_LOG</span></samp>’ environment variable or -configuration file value. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-n </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dn-_0040var_007bnum_007d-163"></a><a name="index-maximum-pages-printed-164"></a><a name="index-pages_002c-maximum-printed-165"></a>Print at most <var>num</var> pages. Default is 100000. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-N*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dN-166"></a><a name="index-structured-comments-167"></a><a name="index-TranScript-168"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-not-generating_007d-169"></a>Turns off generation of structured comments such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">%%Page</span></samp>’; this -may be necessary on some systems that try to interpret PostScript -comments in weird ways, or on some PostScript printers. Old versions of -TranScript in particular cannot handle modern Encapsulated PostScript. -Beware: This also disables page movement, etc., in PostScript viewers -such as Ghostview. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-noomega</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dnoomega-170"></a><a name="index-Omega-extensions-171"></a><a name="index-p_0040TeX_007b_007d-extensions-172"></a>Disable the use of Omega extensions when interpreting DVI -files. By default, the additional opcodes ‘<samp><span class="samp">129</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">134</span></samp>’ -are recognized by Dvips as Omega or pTeX extensions and interpreted as -requests to set 2-byte characters. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-noptex</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dnoptex-173"></a><a name="index-p_0040TeX_007b_007d-extensions-174"></a>Disable the use of pTeX extensions when interpreting DVI files. By -default, the additional opcodes ‘<samp><span class="samp">130</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">135</span></samp>’ are -recognized by Dvips as Omega extensions and interpreted as requests to -set 3-byte characters, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">255</span></samp>’ as request to change the -typesetting direction. - - <p>The only drawback is that the virtual font array will (at least -temporarily) require 65536 or more positions instead of the default -256 positions, i.e., the memory requirements of Dvips will be somewhat -larger. If you find this unacceptable or encounter another problem -with the Omega or pTeX extensions, you can switch off the pTeX -extension by using ‘<samp><span class="samp">-noptex</span></samp>’, or both by using ‘<samp><span class="samp">-noomega</span></samp>’ -(but please do send a bug report if you find such problems, -see <a href="kpathsea.html#Bugs">Bugs</a>). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-o </span><var>name</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002do-_0040var_007bname_007d-175"></a><a name="index-output_002c-redirecting-176"></a><a name="index-standard-output_002c-output-to-177"></a>Send output to the file <var>name</var>. If ‘<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>’ is specified without -<var>name</var> (i.e., it is the last thing on the command line), the -default is ‘<samp><var>file</var><span class="samp">.ps</span></samp>’ where the input DVI file was -‘<samp><var>file</var><span class="samp">.dvi</span></samp>’. If ‘<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>’ isn't given at all, the -configuration file default is used. - - <p><a name="index-popen-_0040r_007bfor-output_007d-178"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d-_0040r_007bas-output-filename_007d-179"></a><a name="index-g_t_0021-_0040r_007bstarting-output-filename_007d-180"></a><a name="index-g_t_007c-_0040r_007bstarting-output-filename_007d-181"></a><a name="index-lpr-spooler_002c-MS_002dDOS-emulation-182"></a><a name="index-spooling-to-lpr-on-MS_002dDOS-183"></a>If <var>name</var> is ‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’, output goes to standard output. If the first -character of <var>name</var> is ‘<samp><span class="samp">!</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">|</span></samp>’, then the remainder will -be used as an argument to <code>popen</code>; thus, specifying ‘<samp><span class="samp">|lpr</span></samp>’ as -the output file will automatically queue the file for printing as -usual. (The MS-DOS version will print to the local printer device -<samp><span class="file">PRN</span></samp> when <var>name</var> is ‘<samp><span class="samp">|lpr</span></samp>’ and a program by that name -cannot be found.) - - <p>‘<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>’ disables the automatic reading of the <code>PRINTER</code> -environment variable, and turns off the automatic sending of control-D. -See the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>’ option for how to override this. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-O </span><var>x-offset</var><span class="samp">,</span><var>y-offset</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dO-_0040var_007bx_002doffset_007d_002c_0040var_007by_002doffset_007d-184"></a><a name="index-offset-pages-185"></a><a name="index-printer-offset-186"></a>Move the origin by <var>x-offset</var>,<var>y-offset</var>, a comma-separated -pair of dimensions such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">.1in,-.3cm</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a>). The origin of the page is shifted from the default position -(of one inch down, one inch to the right from the upper left corner of -the paper) by this amount. This is usually best specified in the -printer-specific configuration file. - - <p><a name="index-testpage_002etex-187"></a>This is useful for a printer that consistently offsets output pages by a -certain amount. You can use the file <samp><span class="file">testpage.tex</span></samp> to determine -the correct value for your printer. Be sure to do several runs with the -same <code>O</code> value—some printers vary widely from run to run. - - <p><a name="index-bop_002dhook_0040r_007b_002c-and-offset-pages_007d-188"></a>If your printer offsets every other page consistently, instead of every -page, your best recourse is to use ‘<samp><span class="samp">bop-hook</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-p [=]</span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dp-_005b_003d_005d_0040var_007bnum_007d-189"></a><a name="index-first-page-printed-190"></a><a name="index-page_002c-first-printed-191"></a><a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-192"></a><a name="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-193"></a>The first page printed will be the first one numbered <var>num</var>. Default -is the first page in the document. If <var>num</var> is prefixed by an -equals sign, then it (and the argument to the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>’ option, if -specified) is treated as a physical (absolute) page number, rather than -a value to compare with the TeX ‘<samp><span class="samp">\count0</span></samp>’ values stored in the -DVI file. Thus, using ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p =3</span></samp>’ will start with the third page of -the document, no matter what the pages are actually numbered. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-pp </span><var>first</var><span class="samp">-</span><var>last</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dpp-_0040var_007bfirst_007d_002d_0040var_007blast_007d-194"></a><a name="index-page-range-195"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dpp-_0040var_007brange_007d-196"></a>Print pages <var>first</var> through <var>last</var>; equivalent to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p -</span><var>first</var><span class="samp"> -l </span><var>last</var></samp>’, except that multiple ‘<samp><span class="samp">-pp</span></samp>’ options -accumulate, unlike ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>’. The ‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’ separator can -also be ‘<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>’. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-P </span><var>printer</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dP-_0040var_007bprinter_007d-197"></a><a name="index-config_002eps-198"></a>Read the configuration file <samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp> -(<samp><var>printer</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS), which can set the output name -(most likely ‘<samp><span class="samp">o |lpr -P</span><var>printer</var></samp>’), resolution, Metafont mode, -and perhaps font paths and other printer-specific defaults. It works -best to put sitewide defaults in the one master ‘<samp><span class="samp">config.ps</span></samp>’ file -and only things that vary printer to printer in the -‘<samp><span class="samp">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp>’ files; ‘<samp><span class="samp">config.ps</span></samp>’ is read before -‘<samp><span class="samp">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp>’. - - <p>A configuration file for creating Adobe PDF files is provided in -‘<samp><span class="samp">config.pdf</span></samp>’ and can be loaded with ‘<samp><span class="samp">-Ppdf</span></samp>’, it will try to -include Type1 outline fonts into the PostScript file -(see <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a>). - - <p>If no ‘<samp><span class="samp">-P</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>’ is given, the environment variable -<code>PRINTER</code> is checked. If that variable exists, and a corresponding -<samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp> (<samp><var>printer</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS) file -exists, it is read. -See <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-q*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dq-199"></a><a name="index-quiet-operation-200"></a><a name="index-silent-operation-201"></a><a name="index-warnings_002c-suppressing-202"></a>Run quietly. Don't chatter about pages converted, etc. to standard -output; report no warnings (only errors) to standard error. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-r*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dr-203"></a><a name="index-reverse-pagination-204"></a>Output pages in reverse order. By default, page 1 is output first. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dR-205"></a><a name="index-security-206"></a><a name="index-shell-command-execution_002c-disabling-207"></a><a name="index-absolute-filenames_002c-disabling-208"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040file_007b_002e_002e_007d_002drelative-filenames-209"></a>Run securely. ‘<samp><span class="samp">-R2</span></samp>’ disables both shell command execution in -<code>\special</code> (via ‘<samp><span class="samp">`</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a>) -and config files (via the ‘<samp><span class="samp">E</span></samp>’ option, see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>) and opening of any absolute or <samp><span class="file">..</span></samp>-relative -filenames. ‘<samp><span class="samp">-R1</span></samp>’, the default, forbids shell escapes but allows -absolute filenames. ‘<samp><span class="samp">-R0</span></samp>’ allows both. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-s*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ds-210"></a><a name="index-save_002frestore_002c-generating-global-211"></a>Enclose the output in a global save/restore pair. This causes the file -to not be truly conformant, and is thus not recommended, but is useful -if you are driving a deficient printer directly and thus don't care too -much about the portability of the output to other environments. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-S </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dS-_0040var_007bnum_007d-212"></a>Set the maximum number of pages in each `section'. This option is most -commonly used with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-i</span></samp>’ option; see its description above for -more information. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-t </span><var>papertype</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007bpapertype_007d-213"></a><a name="index-paper-type-214"></a><a name="index-media-215"></a><a name="index-letter-papertype-216"></a><a name="index-legal-papertype-217"></a><a name="index-ledger-papertype-218"></a><a name="index-a4-papertype-219"></a><a name="index-a3-papertype-220"></a><a name="index-landscape-papertype-221"></a><a name="index-papersize-special_002c-and-no-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d-222"></a>Set the paper type to <var>papertype</var>, usually defined in one of the -configuration files, along with the appropriate PostScript code to -select it (see <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a>). - <ul> -<li>You can also specify a <var>papertype</var> of ‘<samp><span class="samp">landscape</span></samp>’, -which rotates a document by 90 degrees. -<li>To rotate a document whose paper type is not the default, you -can use the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>’ option twice, once for the paper type, and once -for ‘<samp><span class="samp">landscape</span></samp>’. -<li>In general, you should not use any ‘<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>’ option when -using a ‘<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>’ special, which some LaTeX packages (e.g., -‘<samp><span class="samp">hyperref</span></samp>’) insert. -<li>One exception is when using a nonstandard paper size that is not -already defined in <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>; in this case, you need to specify -‘<samp><span class="samp">-t unknown</span></samp>’. -<li>Another exception is when producing multi-page files for further -processing; use ‘<samp><span class="samp">-t nopaper</span></samp>’ to omit any paper size -information in the output. (If you just have a single page document, -you can use ‘<samp><span class="samp">-E</span></samp>’ to get pure EPSF output.) -</ul> - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-T </span><var>hsize</var><span class="samp">,</span><var>vsize</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007bhsize_007d_002c_0040var_007bvsize_007d-223"></a>Set the paper size to (<var>hsize</var>,<var>vsize</var>), a comma-separated -pair of dimensions such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">.1in,-.3cm</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a>). It overrides any paper size special in the DVI file. Be -careful, as the paper size will stick to a predefined size if there is -one close enough. To disable this behavior, use ‘<samp><span class="samp">-tunknown</span></samp>’. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-u </span><var>psmapfile</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002du-_0040var_007bpsmapfile_007d-224"></a><a name="index-PostScript-font-alias-file-225"></a><a name="index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-226"></a>Set <var>psmapfile</var> to be the file that dvips uses for looking up -PostScript font aliases. If <var>psmapfile</var> begins with a ‘<samp><span class="samp">+</span></samp>’ -character, then the rest of the name is used as the name of the map file, -and the map file is appended to the list of map files (instead of replacing -the list). In either case, if the name has no extension, then ‘<samp><span class="samp">.map</span></samp>’ -is added at the end. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-U*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dU-227"></a><a name="index-Xerox-4045-228"></a>Disable a PostScript virtual memory-saving optimization that stores the -character metric information in the same string that is used to store -the bitmap information. This is only necessary when driving the Xerox -4045 PostScript interpreter, which has a bug that puts garbage on the -bottom of each character. Not recommended unless you must drive this -printer. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dv-229"></a>Print the dvips version number and exit. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-V*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dV-230"></a>Download non-resident PostScript fonts as bitmaps. This requires use -<a name="index-mtpk-231"></a><a name="index-gsftopk-232"></a><a name="index-pstopk-233"></a>of <code>mtpk</code> or <code>gsftopk</code> or <code>pstopk</code> or some combination -thereof to generate the required bitmap fonts; these programs are -supplied with Dvips. The bitmap must be put into <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> as -the downloadable file for that font. This is useful only for those -fonts for which you do not have real outlines, being downloaded to -printers that have no resident fonts, i.e., very rarely. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-x </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dx-_0040var_007bnum_007d-234"></a><a name="index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI-235"></a>Set the magnification ratio to <var>num</var>/1000. Overrides -the magnification specified in the DVI file. Must be between 10 and -100000. It is recommended that you use standard magstep values (1095, -1200, 1440, 1728, 2074, 2488, 2986, and so on) to help reduce the total -number of PK files generated. <var>num</var> may be a real number, not an -integer, for increased precision. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-X </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dX-_0040var_007bnum_007d-236"></a><a name="index-resolution-237"></a>Set the horizontal resolution in dots per inch to <var>num</var>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-y </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-magnification_002c-vertical-238"></a>Set the magnification ratio to <var>num</var>/1000 times the -magnification specified in the DVI file. See -‘<samp><span class="samp">-x</span></samp>’ above. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-Y </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dY-_0040var_007bnum_007d-239"></a>Set the vertical resolution in dots per inch to <var>num.</var> -<a name="index-resolution-240"></a> -<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-z*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dz-_0040r_007bfor-recognizing-hyperdvi_007d-241"></a><a name="index-hyperdvi-extensions_002c-enabling-242"></a><a name="index-distillation_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dz_007d-243"></a><a name="index-PDF-files_002c-option-for-244"></a><a name="index-html-_0040r_007bspecials_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dz_007d_007d-245"></a>Pass ‘<samp><span class="samp">html</span></samp>’ hyperdvi specials through to the output for eventual -distillation into PDF. This is not enabled by default to avoid -including the header files unnecessarily, and use of temporary files in -creating the output. See <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-Z*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dZ-_0040r_007bfor-compressing-bitmap-fonts_007d-246"></a><a name="index-compressing-bitmap-fonts-247"></a>Compress bitmap fonts in the output file, thereby reducing the size of -what gets downloaded. Especially useful at high resolutions or when -very large fonts are used. May slow down printing, especially on early -68000-based PostScript printers. Generally recommend today, and can be -enabled in the configuration file (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>). - - </dl> - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Environment-variables"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Config-files">Config files</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a> - -</div> - -<h3 class="section">3.3 Environment variables</h3> - -<p><a name="index-environment-variables-248"></a> -Dvips looks for many environment variables, to define search paths and -other things. The path variables are read as needed, after all -configuration files are read, so they override values in the -configuration files. (Except for <code>TEXCONFIG</code>, which defines where -the configuration files themselves are found.) - - <p>See <a href="kpathsea.html#Path-specifications">Path specifications</a>, for details of -interpretation of path and other environment variables common to all -Kpathsea-using programs. Only the environment variables specific to -Dvips are mentioned here. - - <dl> -<dt><code>DVIPSDEBUG</code><a name="index-DVIPSDEBUG-249"></a><dd><a name="index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-250"></a>Write the absolute path names of any configuration or map files to -standard output, for debugging. This isn't done by default because -these files are read even before the banner is printed. For -voluminous additional debugging, set the environment variable -<samp><span class="env">KPATHSEA_DEBUG</span></samp> to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’ -(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Debugging">Debugging</a>). (If <samp><span class="env">KPATHSEA_DEBUG</span></samp> is -set to any value, it automatically turns on <samp><span class="env">DVIPSDEBUG</span></samp>.) - - <br><dt><code>DVIPSFONTS</code><a name="index-DVIPSFONTS-251"></a><dd>Default path to search for all fonts. Overrides all the font path -config file options and other environment variables (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>). - - <br><dt><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code><a name="index-DVIPSHEADERS-252"></a><dd>Default path to search for PostScript header files. Overrides the ‘<samp><span class="samp">H</span></samp>’ -config file option (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>). - - <br><dt><code>DVIPSMAKEPK</code><a name="index-DVIPSMAKEPK-253"></a><dd><a name="index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-changing-name_007d-254"></a>Overrides ‘<samp><span class="samp">mktexpk</span></samp>’ as the name of the program to invoke to -create missing PK fonts. You can change the arguments passed to the -<code>mktexpk</code> program with the <code>MAKETEXPK</code> environment -variable; see <a href="kpathsea.html#MakeTeX-script-arguments">MakeTeX script arguments</a>. - - <br><dt><code>DVIPSRC</code><a name="index-DVIPSRC-255"></a><dd>Specifies the name of the startup file (see <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a>) which is read after <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> but before any -printer-specific configuration files. - - <br><dt><code>DVIPSSIZES</code><a name="index-DVIPSSIZES-256"></a><dd><a name="index-last_002dresort-font-scaling_002c-with-_0040code_007bDVIPSSIZES_007d-257"></a>Last-resort sizes for scaling of unfound fonts. Overrides the ‘<samp><span class="samp">R</span></samp>’ -definition in config files (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>). - - <br><dt><code>PRINTER</code><a name="index-PRINTER-258"></a><dd>Determine the default printer configuration file. (Dvips itself does -not use <code>PRINTER</code> to determine the output destination in any way.) - - <br><dt><code>TEXCONFIG</code><a name="index-TEXCONFIG-259"></a><dd><a name="index-configuration-file-path-260"></a>Path to search for Dvips' <samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp> configuration -files, including the base <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>. Using this single -environment variable, you can override everything else. (The -printer-specific configuration files are called <samp><var>printer</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp> -on MS-DOS, but <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> is called by that name on all -platforms.) - - <br><dt><code>TEXPICTS</code><a name="index-TEXPICTS-261"></a><dd>Path to search for included graphics files. Overrides the ‘<samp><span class="samp">S</span></samp>’ -config file option (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>). If not set, -<code>TEXINPUTS</code> is looked for. See <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>. - - </dl> - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Config-files"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a> - -</div> - -<h3 class="section">3.4 Dvips configuration files</h3> - -<p><a name="index-configuration-files-262"></a> -This section describes in detail the Dvips-specific <samp><span class="file">config.*</span></samp> -device configuration files (called <samp><span class="file">*.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS), which -override the <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> -configuration files generic to Kpathsea which Dvips also reads -(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Config-files">Config files</a>). - - <p>For information about installing these files, including a prototype file -you can copy, see <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a>. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a>: Where config.* files are searched for. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>: What can go in a config.* file. -</ul> - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Configuration-file-searching"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Config-files">Config files</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">3.4.1 Configuration file searching</h4> - -<p><a name="index-configuration-file-searching-263"></a><a name="index-searching-config-files_002c-order-of-264"></a> -The Dvips program loads many different configuration files, so that -parameters can be set globally across the system, on a per-device basis, -or individually by each user. - - <ol type=1 start=1> -<li><a name="index-config_002eps_0040r_007b_002c-searched-for_007d-265"></a>Dvips first reads (if it exists) <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>; it is searched for -along the path for Dvips configuration files, as described in -<a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>. - - <li><a name="index-g_t_002edvipsrc_0040r_007b_002c-searched-for_007d-266"></a>A user-specific startup file is loaded, so individual users can override -any options set in the global file. The environment variable -<code>DVIPSRC</code>, if defined, is used as the specification of the startup -file. If this variable is undefined, Dvips uses a platform-specific -default name. On Unix Dvips looks for the default startup file under -the name <samp><span class="file">$HOME/.dvipsrc</span></samp>, which is in the user's home directory. -On MS-DOS and MS-Windows, where users generally don't have their private -directories, the startup file is called <samp><span class="file">dvips.ini</span></samp> and it is -searched for along the path for Dvips configuration files (as described -in <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>.); users are -expected to set this path as they see fit for their taste. - - <li><a name="index-g_t_002dP_0040var_007bprinter_007d_0040r_007b_002c-and-config-file-searching_007d-267"></a>The command line is read and parsed: if the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-P</span><var>device</var></samp>’ option -is encountered, at that point <samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>device</var></samp> is loaded. -Thus, the printer configuration file can override anything in the -site-wide or user configuration file, and it can also override options -in the command line up to the point that the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-P</span></samp>’ option was -encountered. (On MS-DOS, the printer configuration files are called -<samp><var>device</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp>, since DOS doesn't allow more than 3 characters -after the dot in filenames.) - - <li><a name="index-PRINTER_0040r_007b_002c-and-config-file-searching_007d-268"></a>If no ‘<samp><span class="samp">-P</span></samp>’ option was specified, and also the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>’ and -‘<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>’ command line options were not used, Dvips checks the -environment variable <code>PRINTER</code>. If it exists, then -<samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>$PRINTER</var></samp> (<samp><var>$PRINTER</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS) is -loaded (if it exists). - - </ol> - - <p>Because the <samp><span class="file">.dvipsrc</span></samp> file is read before the printer-specific -configuration files, individual users cannot override settings in the -latter. On the other hand, the <code>TEXCONFIG</code> path usually includes -the current directory, and can in any case be set to anything, so the -users can always define their own printer-specific configuration files -to be found before the system's. - - <p>A few command-line options are treated specially, in that they are not -overridden by configuration files: - - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-D</span></samp>’<dd>As well as setting the resolution, this unsets the mode, if the mode was -previously set from a configuration file. If <samp><span class="file">config.$PRINTER</span></samp> is -read, however, any ‘<samp><span class="samp">D</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">M</span></samp>’ lines from there will take -effect. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-mode</span></samp>’<dd>This overrides any mode setting (‘<samp><span class="samp">M</span></samp>’ line) in configuration files. -‘<samp><span class="samp">-mode</span></samp>’ does not affect the resolution. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>’<dd>This overrides any output setting (‘<samp><span class="samp">o</span></samp>’ line) in configuration files. - - </dl> - - <p>The purpose of these special cases is to (1) minimize the chance of -having a mismatched mode and resolution (which ‘<samp><span class="samp">mktexpk</span></samp>’ cannot -resolve), and (2) let command-line options override config files where -possible. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Configuration-file-commands"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Config-files">Config files</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">3.4.2 Configuration file commands</h4> - -<p><a name="index-configuration-file-options-269"></a><a name="index-Dvips-configuration-file-options-270"></a> -Most of the configuration file commands are similar to corresponding -command line options, but there are a few exceptions. When they are the -same, we omit the description here. - - <p>As with command line options, many may be turned off by suffixing the -letter with a zero (‘<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>’). - - <p><a name="index-comments_002c-in-configuration-files-271"></a><a name="index-continuation-lines_002c-not-supported-272"></a>Within a configuration file, empty lines, and lines starting with a -space, asterisk, equal sign, percent sign, or pound sign are ignored. -There is no provision for continuation lines. - - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">@ </span><var>name hsize vsize</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_0040_0040-_0040r_007bpaper-size-config-command_007d-273"></a>Define paper sizes. See <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">a*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-a-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028memory-conservation_0029_007d-274"></a>Memory conservation. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-a</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">b </span><var>#copies</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-b-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028_0023copies_0029_007d-275"></a>Multiple copies. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-b</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">c </span><var>filename</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-c-_0040r_007binclude-additional-config-file_007d-276"></a>Include <var>filename</var> as an additional configuration file, read -immediately. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">D </span><var>dpi</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-D-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028dpi_0029_007d-277"></a>Output resolution. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-D</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">e </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-e-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028maxdrift_0029_007d-278"></a>Max drift. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-e</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">E </span><var>command</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-E-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028shell-escape_0029_007d-279"></a><a name="index-system-_0040r_007bin-config-file_007d-280"></a><a name="index-datestamp_002c-in-output-281"></a><a name="index-shell-escape_002c-in-config-file-282"></a>Executes the command listed with <code>system</code>(3); can be used to get -the current date into a header file for inclusion, for instance. -Possibly dangerous; this may be disabled, in which case a warning will -be printed if the option is used (and warnings are not suppressed). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">f*</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">F</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-f-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028filter_0029_007d-283"></a><a name="index-F-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028filter_0029_007d-284"></a>Run as a filter. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">G*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-G-_0040r_007bcharacter-shifting-config-command_007d-285"></a>Shift low-numbered characters; obsolete. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-G</span></samp>’, -see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">h </span><var>header</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-h-_0040r_007bheader-downloading-config-command_007d-286"></a>Prepend <var>header</var> to output. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">h-</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">H </span><var>path</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-H-_0040r_007bheader-path-config-command_007d-287"></a><a name="index-header-path_002c-defining-288"></a><a name="index-DVIPSHEADERS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-H-289"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for PostScript header files. The environment -variable <code>DVIPSHEADERS</code> overrides this. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">i </span><var>n</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-i-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028pages_002fsection_0029_007d-290"></a>Make multiple output files. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-i -S </span><var>n</var></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">j*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-j-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028partial-font-downloading_0029_007d-291"></a>Partially download Type 1 fonts. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-j</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">K*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-K-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028comment_002dremoval_0029_007d-292"></a>Remove comments from included PostScript files. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-K</span></samp>’, -see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">m </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-m-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028available-memory_0029_007d-293"></a><a name="index-memory-available-294"></a><a name="index-printer-memory-295"></a>Declare <var>num</var> as the memory available for fonts and strings in the -printer. Default is 180000. This value must be accurate if memory -conservation and document splitting is to work correctly. To determine -this value, send the following file to the printer: - - <pre class="example"> %! Hey, we're PostScript - /Times-Roman findfont 30 scalefont setfont 144 432 moveto - vmstatus exch sub 40 string cvs show pop showpage -</pre> - <p class="noindent">The number printed by this file is the total memory free; it is usually -best to tell Dvips that the printer has slightly less memory, because -many programs download permanent macros that can reduce the memory in -the printer. Some systems or printers can dynamically increase the -memory available to a PostScript interpreter, in which case this file -might return a ridiculously low number; for example, the NeXT computer -and Ghostscript. In these cases, a value of one million works fine. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">M </span><var>mode</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-M-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028mf-mode_0029_007d-296"></a>Metafont mode. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-mode</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">N*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-N-_0040r_007bEPS_002ddisabling-config-command_007d-297"></a>Disable structured comments. Beware: This also turns off displaying -page numbers or changing to specific pagenumbers in PostScript viewers. -Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-N</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">o </span><var>name</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-o-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028output-file_0029_007d-298"></a><a name="index-output-file_002c-setting-299"></a>Send output to <var>name</var>. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. -In the file <samp><span class="file">config.foo</span></samp>, a setting like this is probably -appropriate: - <pre class="example"> o |lpr -Pfoo -</pre> - <p>The MS-DOS version will emulate spooling to <code>lpr</code> by printing to -the local printer device <samp><span class="file">PRN</span></samp> if it doesn't find an executable -program by that name in the current directory or along the <code>PATH</code>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">O </span><var>xoff</var><span class="samp">,</span><var>yoff</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-O-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028offset_0029_007d-300"></a>Origin offset. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-O</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">p [+]</span><var>name</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-p-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028font-aliases_0029_007d-301"></a><a name="index-PostScript-font-alias-file-302"></a><a name="index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-303"></a><a name="index-g_t_002b_0040var_007bpsmapfile_007d-304"></a>Examine <var>name</var> for PostScript font aliases. Default is -<samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>. This option allows you to specify different resident -fonts that different printers may have. If <var>name</var> starts with a -‘<samp><span class="samp">+</span></samp>’ character, then the rest of the name (after any leading spaces) -is used as an additional map file; thus, it is possible to have local -map files pointed to by local configuration files that append to the -global map file. This can be used for font families. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">P </span><var>path</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-P-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028PK-path_0029_007d-305"></a><a name="index-PKFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-306"></a><a name="index-TEXPKS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-307"></a><a name="index-GLYPHFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-308"></a><a name="index-TEXFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-309"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for bitmap PK font files is <var>path</var>. The -<code>PKFONTS</code>, <code>TEXPKS</code>, <code>GLYPHFONTS</code>, and <code>TEXFONTS</code> -environment variables override this. See <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">q*</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Q</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-q-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028quiet_0029_007d-310"></a><a name="index-Q-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028quiet_0029_007d-311"></a>Run quietly. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-q</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">r*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-r-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028page-reversal_0029_007d-312"></a>Page reversal. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-r</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">R </span><var>num1 num2 <small class="dots">...</small></var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-R-_0040r_007bfallback-resolution-config-command_007d-313"></a><a name="index-fallback-resolutions-314"></a><a name="index-default-resolutions-315"></a><a name="index-last_002dresort-scaling_002c-with-_0040code_007bR_007d-316"></a>Define the list of default resolutions for PK fonts. If a font size -actually used in a document is not available and cannot be created, -Dvips will scale the font found at the closest of these resolutions to -the requested size, using PostScript scaling. The resulting output may -be ugly, and thus a warning is issued. To turn this last-resort scaling -off, use a line with just the ‘<samp><span class="samp">R</span></samp>’ and no numbers. - - <p>The given numbers must be sorted in increasing order; any number smaller -than the preceding one is ignored. This is because it is better to -scale a font up than down; scaling down can obliterate small features in -the character shape. - - <p><a name="index-DVIPSSIZES_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-R-317"></a><a name="index-TEXSIZES_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-R-318"></a>The environment and config file values ‘<samp><span class="samp">DVIPSSIZES</span></samp>’ or -‘<samp><span class="samp">TEXSIZES</span></samp>’ override this configuration file setting. - - <p><a name="index-default_005ftexsizes-_0040r_007bMake-variable_007d-319"></a>If no ‘<samp><span class="samp">R</span></samp>’ settings or environment variables are specified, a list -compiled in during installation is used. This default list is defined by -the Makefile variable ‘<samp><span class="samp">default_texsizes</span></samp>’, defined in the file -<samp><span class="file">make/paths.make</span></samp>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">s*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-s-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028save_002frestore_0029_007d-320"></a>Output global save/restore. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-s</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">S </span><var>path</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-S-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028pict-path_0029_007d-321"></a><a name="index-TEXPICTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-S-322"></a><a name="index-TEXINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-S-323"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for special illustrations (Encapsulated -PostScript files or psfiles). The <code>TEXPICTS</code> and then -<code>TEXINPUTS</code> environment variables override this. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">T </span><var>path</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-T-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028TFM-path_0029_007d-324"></a><a name="index-TFMFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-T-325"></a><a name="index-TEXFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-T-326"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for TFM files. The <code>TFMFONTS</code> and then -<code>TEXFONTS</code> environment variables overrides this. This path is used -for resident fonts and fonts that can't otherwise be found. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">U*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-U-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028Xerox-4045_0029_007d-327"></a>Work around bug in Xerox 4045 printer. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-U</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">V </span><var>path</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-V-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028vf-path_0029_007d-328"></a><a name="index-virtual-font-path-329"></a><a name="index-device-dependency_002c-and-virtual-fonts-330"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for virtual font files. This may be -device-dependent if you use virtual fonts to simulate actual fonts on -different devices. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">W [</span><var>string</var><span class="roman">]</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-W-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028warning_0029_007d-331"></a><a name="index-warning-messages_002c-defining-332"></a>If <var>string</var> is supplied, write it to standard error after reading -all the configuration files; with no <var>string</var>, cancel any previous -‘<samp><span class="samp">W</span></samp>’ message. This is useful in the default configuration file to -remind users to specify a printer, for instance, or to notify users -about special characteristics of a particular printer. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">X </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-X-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028horizontal-resolution_0029_007d-333"></a>Horizontal resolution. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-X</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Y </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-Y-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028vertical-resolution_0029_007d-334"></a>Vertical resolution. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-Y</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Z*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-Z-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028compression_0029_007d-335"></a>Compress bitmap fonts. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-Z</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">z*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-z-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028secure-mode_0029_007d-336"></a>Disables execution of system commands, like ‘<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>’ -(see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). If ‘<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>’ is specified -on the command line, that takes precedence. - - </dl> - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Paper-size-and-landscape"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> - -</div> - -<h2 class="chapter">4 Paper size and landscape orientation</h2> - -<p><a name="index-paper-size_002c-general-337"></a> -Most TeX documents at a particular site are designed to use the -local standard paper size (letter size in the United States, A4 in -Europe). The Dvips program can be customized either sitewide or for a -particular printer. - - <p><a name="index-landscape-orientation_002c-defined-338"></a><a name="index-portrait-orientation_002c-defined-339"></a>But many documents are designed for other paper sizes. For instance, -you may want to design a document that has the long edge of the paper -horizontal. This can be useful when typesetting booklets, brochures, -complex tables, or many other documents. This type of paper orientation -is called <dfn>landscape</dfn> orientation (the default orientation is -<dfn>portrait</dfn>). Alternatively, a document might be designed for ledger -or A3 paper. - - <p>Since the intended paper size in these cases is a document design -decision, not a printing decision, such information should be given in -the TeX file and not on the Dvips command line. For this reason, -Dvips supports a ‘<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>’ special. It is hoped that this -special will become standard over time for TeX previewers and other -printer drivers. - - <p>Some LaTeX packages, e.g., ‘<samp><span class="samp">hyperref.sty</span></samp>’, write a -‘<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>’ special into the DVI file. In this case, you need -not and should not attempt to override it manually. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a>: Specifying the paper size in TeX. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a>: Specifying printer- and site-specific sizes. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a>: Changing paper trays automatically. -</ul> - -<div class="node"> -<a name="papersize-special"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a> - -</div> - -<h3 class="section">4.1 ‘<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>’ special</h3> - -<p><a name="index-papersize-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-340"></a> -The format of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>’ special is - -<pre class="example"> \special{papersize=<var>width</var>,<var>height</var>} -</pre> - <p class="noindent"><var>width</var> is the horizontal size of the page, and <var>height</var> is the -vertical size. The dimensions supported are the same as for TeX; -namely, in (inches), cm (centimeters), mm (millimeters), pt (points), sp -(scaled points), bp (big points, the same as the default PostScript -unit), pc (picas), dd (didot points), and cc (ciceros). - - <p><a name="index-landscape_0040r_007b_002c-as-_0040code_007b_005cspecial_007d_007d-341"></a>For a US letter size landscape document, the <code>papersize</code> would be: -<pre class="example"> \special{papersize=11in,8.5in} -</pre> - <p class="noindent">An alternate specification of <code>landscape</code>: -<pre class="example"> \special{landscape} -</pre> - <p class="noindent">This is supported for backward compatibility, but it is hoped that -reventually the <code>papersize</code> comment will dominate. - - <p>Of course, such a <code>\special</code> only informs Dvips of the desired -paper size; you must also adjust <code>\hsize</code> and <code>\vsize</code> in your -TeX document typeset to those dimensions. - - <p><a name="index-unknown_0040r_007b_002c-paper-format-for-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d_007d-342"></a>When using the <code>papersize</code> special, you generally should not also -specify <code>-t</code> on the command line (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). The -exception is when using a nonstandard paper size that isn't -predefined; in this case, use <code>-t unknown</code>. - - <p>The <code>papersize</code> special must occur somewhere on the first page of -the document. Some packages, notably ‘<samp><span class="samp">hyperref</span></samp>’, insert this special. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Config-file-paper-sizes"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a> - -</div> - -<h3 class="section">4.2 Configuration file paper size command</h3> - -<p><a name="index-paper-size-configuration-file-command-343"></a><a name="index-configuration-file-paper-size-command-344"></a> -The ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ command in a configuration file sets the paper size -defaults and options. The first ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ command defines the default -paper size. It has three possible parameters: - -<pre class="example"> @ <span class="roman">[</span><var>name</var> <span class="roman">[</span><var>hsize</var> <var>vsize</var><span class="roman">]]</span> -</pre> - <p>If ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ is specified on a line by itself, with no parameters, it -instructs Dvips to discard all previous paper size information (possibly -from another configuration file). - - <p>If three parameters are given, with the first parameter being a name and -the second and third being a dimension (as in ‘<samp><span class="samp">8.5in</span></samp>’ or -‘<samp><span class="samp">3.2cc</span></samp>’, just like in the ‘<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>’ special), then the -option is interpreted as starting a new paper size description, where -<var>name</var> is the name and <var>hsize</var> and <var>vsize</var> define the -horizontal and vertical size of the sheet of paper, respectively. For -example: - -<pre class="example"> @ letterSize 8.5in 11in -</pre> - <p>If both <var>hsize</var> and <var>vsize</var> are zero (you must still specify -units!) then any page size will match. If the ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ character is -immediately followed by a ‘<samp><span class="samp">+</span></samp>’ sign, then the remainder of the line -(after skipping any leading blanks) is treated as PostScript code to -send to the printer, presumably to select that particular paper size: - -<pre class="example"> @ letter 8.5in 11in - @+ %%BeginPaperSize: Letter - @+ letter - @+ %%EndPaperSize -</pre> - <p>After all that, if the first character of the line is an exclamation -point, then the line is put in the initial comments section of the final -output file; else, it is put in the setup section of the output file. -For example: - -<pre class="example"> @ legal 8.5in 14in - @+ ! %%DocumentPaperSizes: Legal - @+ %%BeginPaperSize: Legal - @+ legal - @+ %%EndPaperSize -</pre> - <p>When Dvips has a paper format name given on the command line, it looks -for a match by the <var>name</var>; when it has a ‘<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>’ special, -it looks for a match by dimensions. The best match found (from the -paper size information in the configuration file) is used. The -dimensions must match within 5bp. - - <p>If nothing matches, a warning is printed and the first paper size with -zero dimensions is used; this should be the <code>unknown</code> paper size -definition mentioned below, resulting in the actual dimensions being -used. - - <p>Landscape mode for all paper sizes is automatically supported. - - <p>If your printer has a command to set a special paper size, then give -dimensions of ‘<samp><span class="samp">0in 0in</span></samp>’; the PostScript code that sets the paper -size can refer to the dimensions the user requested as ‘<samp><span class="samp">hsize</span></samp>’ -and ‘<samp><span class="samp">vsize</span></samp>’; these will be macros defined in the PostScript that -return the requested size in default PostScript units. Also, some -printers want ‘<samp><span class="samp">BeginPaperSize</span></samp>’ comments and paper size setting -commands; others (such as the NeXT) want ‘<samp><span class="samp">PaperSize</span></samp>’ comments and -they will handle setting the paper size. So paper size entries should -typically specify both. - - <p><a name="index-unknown_0040r_007b_002c-paper-format-for-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d_007d-345"></a>When using a paper size that is not already defined in -<samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>, you probably want to say ‘<samp><span class="samp">-t unknown</span></samp>’ on -the command line; the <code>unknown</code> paper size definition in -<samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> has the requisite PostScript incantation to set the -PostScript page size, as just described. - - <p><a name="index-nopaper_0040r_007b_002c-paper-format-for-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d_007d-346"></a>If you want no paper size information in the output at all, use -‘<samp><span class="samp">-t nopaper</span></samp>’. This is useful with multi-page output that -will be processed further. If you just have a single page document, -you can use ‘<samp><span class="samp">-E</span></samp>’ to get pure EPSF output. - - <p><a name="index-mkdvipspapers-347"></a>The Perl 5 script <samp><span class="file">contrib/configs/mkdvipspapers</span></samp> in the -distribution directory may help in determining appropriate paper size -definitions. - - <p><a name="index-config_002eps-_0040r_007bpaper-sizes_007d-348"></a><a name="index-letter-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-349"></a><a name="index-a4-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-350"></a>Notwithstanding the above, the default <code>letter</code> and <code>a4</code> -paper size definitions in <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> execute the -<code>setpagedevice</code> operator if it exists (it was defined in -PostScript Level 2), or the ‘<samp><span class="samp">letter</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">a4</span></samp>’ operator -if they exist (they are nonstandard and thus perhaps cause failures on -certain (unknown) printers). Not executing any page size definition -at all confuses PostScript conversion programs such as -<samp><span class="command">ps2pdf</span></samp>, so we want to execute one if we can. - - <p><a name="index-letterSize-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-351"></a><a name="index-A4size-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-352"></a>The <code>letterSize</code> and <code>A4Size</code> paper size definitions are now -synonyms for <code>letter</code> and <code>a4</code>. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Paper-trays"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a> - -</div> - -<h3 class="section">4.3 Paper trays</h3> - -<p><a name="index-paper-trays-353"></a><a name="index-dual-paper-trays-354"></a><a name="index-multiple-paper-trays-355"></a><a name="index-HP4Si-printer-and-paper-trays-356"></a> -<a name="index-bop_002dhook-357"></a>Some printers, such as the Hewlett-Packard HP4si, have multiple paper -trays. You can set up Dvips to take advantage of this using the -<code>bop-hook</code> PostScript variable (see <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>). - - <p><a name="index-letterhead-tray-358"></a>For example, suppose you have an alternate tray stocked with letterhead -paper; the usual tray has the usual paper. You have a document where -you want the first page printed on letterhead, and the remaining pages -on the usual paper. You can create a header file, say -<samp><span class="file">firstletterhead.PS</span></samp>, with the following (PostScript) code -(<code>bop-hook</code> is passed the current physical page number, which -starts at zero): - -<pre class="example"> /bop-hook { dup 0 eq { <var>alternatetray</var> } { <var>normaltray</var> } ifelse } def -</pre> - <p class="noindent">where <var>alternatetray</var> and <var>normaltray</var> are the appropriate -commands to select the paper trays. On the 4SI, <var>alternatetray</var> is -‘<samp><span class="samp">statusdict begin 1 setpapertray end</span></samp>’ and <var>normaltray</var> is -‘<samp><span class="samp">statusdict begin 0 setpapertray end</span></samp>’. - - <p>Then, include the file with either - <ul> -<li>the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-h</span></samp>’ command-line option (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>); or - - <li>the ‘<samp><span class="samp">h</span></samp>’ config file option (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>); or - - <li>‘<samp><span class="samp">\special{header=</span><var>file</var><span class="samp">}</span></samp>’ in your TeX document -(see <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a>). - - </ul> - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Interaction-with-PostScript"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> - -</div> - -<h2 class="chapter">5 Interaction with PostScript</h2> - -<p><a name="index-interaction-with-PostScript-359"></a><a name="index-PostScript-interaction-360"></a> -Dvips supports inclusion of PostScript figure files (e.g., Encapsulated -PostScript), downloading other header files (e.g., fonts), including -literal PostScript code, and hypertext. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures</a>: Including an Encapsulated PostScript figure. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Header-files">Header files</a>: Downloading extra definitions. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a>: Writing literal PostScript code. -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a>: Producing HyperPostScript to make PDF. -</ul> - -<div class="node"> -<a name="PostScript-figures"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Header-files">Header files</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a> - -</div> - -<h3 class="section">5.1 PostScript figures</h3> - -<p>Scaling and including PostScript graphics is a breeze—if the PostScript -file is correctly formed. Even if it is not, however, the file can usually -be accommodated with just a little more work. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a>: The %%BoundingBox EPS comment. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a>: The LaTeX \includegraphics macro. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a>: Including the file in TeX. -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a>: The basic special. -<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a>: Handling compressed or generated figures. -<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a>: The %*Font comment. -</ul> - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Bounding-box"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">5.1.1 The bounding box comment</h4> - -<p><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-comment-for-361"></a> -The most important feature of a good PostScript file from the standpoint -of including it in another document is an accurate bounding box comment. -Every well-formed PostScript file has a comment describing where on the -page the graphic is located, and how big that graphic is. - - <p><a name="index-big-points-362"></a><a name="index-PostScript-units-363"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-defined-364"></a>This information is given as the lower left and upper right corners of -the box just enclosing the graphic, and is thus referred to as the -<dfn>bounding box</dfn>. These coordinates are given in the default -PostScript units (there are precisely 72 PostScript units to the inch, -like TeX big points) with respect to the lower left corner of the -sheet of paper. - - <p><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025BoundingBox-365"></a>To see if a PostScript file has a bounding box comment, just look at the -first few lines of the file. PostScript files are standard ASCII, so -you can use any text editor to do this. If within the first few dozen -lines there is a line like - -<pre class="example"> %%BoundingBox: 25 50 400 300 -</pre> - <p class="noindent">(with any reasonable numbers), chances are very good that the file is -Encapsulated PostScript and will work easily with Dvips. If the file -contains instead a line like - - <p><a name="index-atend_0040r_007b_002c-bounding-box-specification_007d-366"></a><a name="index-g_t_0028atend_0029_0040r_007b_002c-bounding-box-specification_007d-367"></a> -<pre class="example"> %%BoundingBox: (atend) -</pre> - <p class="noindent">the file is still probably Encapsulated PostScript, but the bounding box -is given at the end of the file. Dvips needs it at the beginning. You -can move it with that same text editor, or a simple script. (The -bounding box is given in this way when the program that generated the -PostScript couldn't know the size in advance, or was too lazy to compute -it.) - - <p><a name="index-bbfig-368"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-determining-369"></a>If the document lacks a ‘<samp><span class="samp">%%BoundingBox:</span></samp>’ altogether, you can -determine one in a couple of ways. One is to use the ‘<samp><span class="samp">bbfig</span></samp>’ -program distributed with Dvips in the <samp><span class="file">contrib</span></samp> directory. This can -usually find the correct bounding box automatically; it works best with -Ghostscript. - - <p><a name="index-g_t612-792-_0040r_007bbounding-box-size_007d-370"></a>If the comment looks like this: -<pre class="example"> %%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792 -</pre> - <p class="noindent">the graphic claims to take up an entire sheet of paper. This is -usually a symptom of a bug in the program that generated it. - - <p>The other is to do it yourself: print the file. Now, take a ruler, and -make the following measurements (in PostScript units, so measure in -inches and multiply by 72): From the left edge of the paper to the -leftmost mark on the paper is <var>llx</var>, the first number. From the -bottom edge of the paper to the bottommost mark on the paper is -<var>lly</var>, the second number. From the left edge of the paper to the -rightmost mark on the paper is <var>urx</var>, the third number. The fourth -and final number, <var>ury</var>, is the distance from the bottom of the page -to the uppermost mark on the paper. - - <p>Once you have the numbers, add a comment of the following form as the -second line of the document. (The first line should already be a line -starting with the two characters ‘<samp><span class="samp">%!</span></samp>’; if it is not, the file -probably isn't PostScript.) - -<pre class="example"> %%BoundingBox: <var>llx</var> <var>lly</var> <var>urx</var> <var>ury</var> -</pre> - <p class="noindent">Or, if you don't want to modify the file, you can simply write these -numbers down in a convenient place and give them in your TeX document -when you import the graphic, as described in the next section. - - <p>If the document does not have such a bounding box, or if the bounding -box is given at the end of the document, or the bounding box is wrong, -please complain to the authors of the software package that generated -the file. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="%5cincludegraphics"></a> -<a name="g_t_005cincludegraphics"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">5.1.2 The \includegraphics macro for LaTeX</h4> - -<p><a name="index-g_t_005cincludegraphics-_0040LaTeX_007b_007d-macro-371"></a><a name="index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-372"></a> -Once the figure file has a bounding box comment (see the previous -section) you are ready to import the graphic into a LaTeX -document. For LaTeX 2e, you can use the epsf, graphics or graphicx -packages, but the last is recommended—it has the most flexible -syntax, and is briefly described here. Further information can be -found in <samp><span class="file">grfguide</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">epslatex</span></samp>, which should be included -in your LaTeX distribution in DVI, PDF, or other formats. (If you -are still using LaTeX 2.09, use epsf.sty). - - <p>Just put the following command into your preamble: - -<pre class="example"> \usepackage[dvips]{graphicx} -</pre> - <p>Depending on your system, a suitable driver setup may already be -present, so that LaTeX automatically produces DVI files suitable for -Dvips. In this case you can leave out the ‘<samp><span class="samp">[dvips]</span></samp>’ parameter. - - <p>Now, at the point you want to include a file <samp><span class="file">foo.eps</span></samp>, enter a -line such as: - -<pre class="example"> \includegraphics{foo.eps} -</pre> - <p>However, it is usually best to omit the file extension and only use - -<pre class="example"> \includegraphics{foo} -</pre> - <p class="noindent">because then you can process the same LaTeX file with -different TeX engines or DVI converters if you also provide -suitable graphics files for them, e.g., <samp><span class="file">foo.pdf</span></samp> or -<samp><span class="file">foo.png</span></samp>. - - <p><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-373"></a>The \includegraphics command has many options, specified in -‘<samp><span class="samp">key=value</span></samp>’ syntax, to allow you to resize, rotate or trim the -included graphic—see <samp><span class="file">grfguide</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">epslatex</span></samp>. If your -file does not have a bounding box comment, you can supply the numbers -as determined in the previous section, in the same order they would -have been in a normal bounding box comment: - -<pre class="example"> \includegraphics[bb=100 100 500 500]{foo.ps} -</pre> - <p class="noindent">Now, save your changes and run LaTeX and Dvips; the output should -have your graphic positioned at precisely the point you indicated, -occupying the proper amount of space. - - <p>PostScript graphics have their origin in the lower left -corner. Therefore, in TeX, a graphic will occupy a box that extends -far above the line where it is put in, but has depth zero below it. -Combining ‘<samp><span class="samp">\includegraphics</span></samp>’ with ‘<samp><span class="samp">\parbox</span></samp>’ commands or -minipages can sometimes be confusing when this is not taken into -account. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="EPSF-macros"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">5.1.3 Using the EPSF macros</h4> - -<p><a name="index-EPSF-macros-374"></a><a name="index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-375"></a> -If you are using LaTeX 2e, use the ‘<samp><span class="samp">graphics</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">graphicx</span></samp>’ -package. See <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a>. - - <p>If you are using plain TeX or LaTeX 2.09, you need <samp><span class="file">epsf.tex</span></samp> -(for plain TeX) and <samp><span class="file">epsf.sty</span></samp> (for LaTeX). For plain -TeX, add a line like this near the top of your input file: - - <p><a name="index-epsf_002etex-376"></a> -<pre class="example"> \input epsf -</pre> - <p class="noindent"><a name="index-epsf_002esty-377"></a>If you are using LaTeX 2.09, add the ‘<samp><span class="samp">epsf</span></samp>’ style option, as in: - -<pre class="example"> \documentstyle[12pt,epsf]{article} -</pre> - <p class="noindent">In any case, the above only needs to be done once, no matter how many -figures you plan to include. - - <p>Now, at the point you want to include a file, enter a line such as: - -<pre class="example"> \epsffile{foo.eps} -</pre> - <p><a name="index-g_t_005cleavevmode-378"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-379"></a>If you are using LaTeX, you may need to add <code>\leavevmode</code> -immediately before the <code>\epsffile</code> command to get certain -environments to work correctly. If your file does not have a bounding -box comment, you can supply the numbers as determined in the previous -section, in the same order they would have been in a normal bounding box -comment: - -<pre class="example"> \epsffile[100 100 500 500]{foo.ps} -</pre> - <p class="noindent">Now, save your changes and run TeX and Dvips; the output should have -your graphic positioned at precisely the point you indicated, occupying -the proper amount of space. - - <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsffile-_0040r_007bmacro_007d-380"></a><a name="index-figures_002c-natural-size-381"></a>The <code>\epsffile</code> macro typesets the figure as a TeX <code>\vbox</code> -at the point of the page that the command is executed. By default, the -graphic will have its `natural' width (namely, the width of its bounding -box). The TeX box will have depth zero and its natural height. By -default, the graphic will be scaled by any DVI magnification in effect, -just as is everything else in your document. See the next section for -more information on scaling. - - <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsfverbosetrue-382"></a><a name="index-verbose-EPSF-processing-383"></a>If you want TeX to report the size of the figure as a message on your -terminal when it processes each figure, give the command: - -<pre class="example"> \epsfverbosetrue -</pre> - <ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a> -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a> -</ul> - -<div class="node"> -<a name="EPSF-scaling"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a> - -</div> - -<h5 class="subsubsection">5.1.3.1 EPSF scaling</h5> - -<p><a name="index-scaling-of-figures-384"></a><a name="index-figures_002c-scaling-385"></a> -Usually, you will want to scale an EPSF figure to some size appropriate -for your document, since its natural size is determined by the creator -of the EPS file. - - <p>The best way to do this is to assign the desired size to the TeX -<code>\epsfxsize</code> or <code>\epsfysize</code> variables, whichever is more -convenient for you. That is, put - - <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsfxsize-386"></a> -<pre class="example"> \epsfxsize=<var>dimen</var> -</pre> - <p class="noindent">right before the call to <code>\epsffile</code>. Then the width of the TeX -box will be <var>dimen</var> and its height will be scaled proportionately. -Similarly, you can set the vertical size with - - <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsfysize-387"></a> -<pre class="example"> \epsfysize=<var>dimen</var> -</pre> - <p class="noindent">in which case the height will be set and the width scaled -proportionally. - - <p>If you set both, both will be honored, but the aspect ratio of the -included graphic may necessarily be distorted, i.e., its contents -stretched in one direction or the other. - - <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsfsize-388"></a>You can resize graphics in a more general way by redefining the -<code>\epsfsize</code> macro. <code>\epsffile</code> calls this with two -parameters: the natural horizontal and vertical sizes of the PostScript -graphic. <code>\epsfsize</code> must expand to the desired horizontal size, -that is, the width of the <code>\vbox</code>. Schematically: - -<pre class="example"> \def\epsfsize#1#2{<var>body</var>} -</pre> - <p>Some useful definitions of <var>body</var>: - - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">\epsfxsize</span></samp>’<dd>This definition (the default) enables the default features listed above, -by setting <code>\epsfxsize</code> to the same value it had before the macro -was called. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">#1</span></samp>’<dd>Force the natural size by returning the first parameter (the original -width). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">0pt</span></samp>’<dd>A special case, equivalent to ‘<samp><span class="samp">#1</span></samp>’. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">0.5#1</span></samp>’<dd>Scale to half the natural size. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">\hsize</span></samp>’<dd>Scale to the current <code>\hsize</code>. (In LaTeX, use <code>\textwidth</code> -instead of <code>\hsize</code>.) - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">\ifnum#1>\hsize\hsize\else#1\fi</span></samp>’<dd>If the natural width is greater than the current <code>\hsize</code>, scale to -<code>\hsize</code>, otherwise use the natural width. - - </dl> - - <p><a name="index-DVI-magnification-389"></a><a name="index-magnification_002c-DVI-390"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cmagnification-391"></a>For compatibility with other PostScript drivers, it is possible to turn -off the default scaling of included figures by the DVI magnification -with the following TeX command: - - <p><a name="index-g_t_002fmagscale-392"></a> -<pre class="example"> \special{! /magscale false def} -</pre> - <p class="noindent">Use of this command is not recommended because it will make the -<code>\epsffile</code> graphics the “wrong” size if global magnification is -being used, and it will cause any PostScript graphics to appear -improperly scaled and out of position if a DVI to DVI program is used to -scale or otherwise modify the document. - - <p><a name="index-bop_002dhook-393"></a>DVI magnification is not applied to any output from code you write in -‘<samp><span class="samp">bop-hook</span></samp>’ or its ilk (see <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>), - -<div class="node"> -<a name="EPSF-clipping"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a> - -</div> - -<h5 class="subsubsection">5.1.3.2 EPSF clipping</h5> - -<p><a name="index-clipping-of-EPSF-394"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-inaccurate-395"></a><a name="index-text-in-figures_002c-chopped-off-396"></a><a name="index-lines-in-figures_002c-wrong-width-397"></a> -By default, clipping is disabled for included EPSF images. This is -because clipping to the bounding box dimensions often cuts off a -small portion of the figure, due to slightly inaccurate bounding -box arguments. The problem might be subtle; lines around the boundary -of the image might be half their intended width, or the tops or -bottoms of some text annotations might be sliced off. If you want to -turn clipping on, just use the command - -<pre class="example"> \epsfclipon -</pre> - <p class="noindent">and to turn clipping back off, use - -<pre class="example"> \epsfclipoff -</pre> - <div class="node"> -<a name="psfile-special"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">5.1.4 ‘<samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp>’ special</h4> - -<p><a name="index-psfile-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-398"></a> -The basic special for file inclusion is as follows: - -<pre class="example"> \special{psfile=<var>filename</var>.ps <span class="roman">[</span><var>key</var>=<var>value</var><span class="roman">]</span> ... } -</pre> - <p class="noindent">This downloads the PostScript file <samp><var>filename</var><span class="file">.ps</span></samp> such that -the current point will be the origin of the PostScript coordinate -system. The optional <var>key</var><tt>=</tt><var>value</var> assignments allow you to -specify transformations on the PostScript. - - <p>The possible <var>key</var>s are: - - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">hoffset</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-hoffset-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-399"></a>The horizontal offset (default 0). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">voffset</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-voffset-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-400"></a>The vertical offset (default 0). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">hsize</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-hsize-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-401"></a>The horizontal clipping size (default 612). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">vsize</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-vsize-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-402"></a>The vertical clipping size (default 792). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">hscale</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-hscale-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-403"></a>The horizontal scaling factor, as a percentage (default 100). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">vscale</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-vscale-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-404"></a>The vertical scaling factor, as a percentage (default 100). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">angle</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-angle-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-405"></a>The rotation, in degrees (default 0). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">clip</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-clip-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-406"></a>Enable clipping to the bounding box (default disabled). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">llx, lly, urx, ury</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-llx-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-407"></a><a name="index-lly-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-408"></a><a name="index-urx-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-409"></a><a name="index-ury-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-410"></a>Bounding box of the included image, just as in a <code>%%BoundingBox</code> -comment. Values are in big points, and may be fractional. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">rhi, rwi</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-rhi-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-411"></a><a name="index-rwi-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-412"></a>Desired width and height of the resulting figure in the output, in -tenths of big points (720 to the inch); may be fractional. - - <p>If both <code>rwi</code> and <code>rhi</code> are nonzero, the picture is scaled, -possibly losing aspect ratio. If only one of <code>rwi</code> and -<code>rhi</code> is nonzero, the picture is scaled, preserving aspect ratio. - - </dl> - - <p>The offsets and sizes are given in PostScript units (big points). -Thus, for example: - -<pre class="example"> \special{psfile=foo.ps hoffset=72 hscale=90 vscale=90} -</pre> - <p class="noindent">will shift the graphics produced by file <samp><span class="file">foo.ps</span></samp> right by one inch -and will draw it at 0.9 times normal size. Offsets are given relative -to the point of the special command, and are unaffected by scaling or -rotation. Rotation is counterclockwise about the origin. The order of -operations is to rotate the figure, scale it, then offset it. - - <p>For compatibility with older PostScript drivers, it is possible to change -the units that ‘<samp><span class="samp">hscale</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">vscale</span></samp>’ are given in. This can be -done by redefining ‘<samp><span class="samp">@scaleunit</span></samp>’ -<a name="index-scaleunit-413"></a>in ‘<samp><span class="samp">SDict</span></samp>’ -<a name="index-SDict-414"></a>by a TeX command such as - -<pre class="example"> \special{! /@scaleunit 1 def} -</pre> - <p class="noindent">The ‘<samp><span class="samp">@scaleunit</span></samp>’ variable, which is by default 100, is what -‘<samp><span class="samp">hscale</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">vscale</span></samp>’ are divided by to yield an absolute -scale factor. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Dynamic-creation-of-graphics"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">5.1.5 Dynamic creation of PostScript graphics files</h4> - -<p><a name="index-dynamic-creation-of-graphics-415"></a><a name="index-compressed-PostScript-416"></a><a name="index-uncompressing-PostScript-417"></a> -PostScript is an excellent page description language—but it does tend -to be rather verbose. Compressing PostScript graphics files can reduce -them by factor of five or more. For this reason, if the name of an -included PostScript file ends with <samp><span class="file">.Z</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">.gz</span></samp>, Dvips -automatically runs ‘<samp><span class="samp">gzip -d</span></samp>’. For example: - -<pre class="example"> \epsffile[72 72 540 720]{foo.ps.gz} -</pre> - <p class="noindent">Since the results of such a command are not accessible to TeX, if you -use this facility with the <samp><span class="file">epsf</span></samp> macros, you need to supply the -bounding box parameter yourself, as shown. - - <p>More generally, if the filename parameter to one of the graphics -inclusion techniques starts with a left quote (‘<samp><span class="samp">`</span></samp>’), the parameter -is instead interpreted as a command to execute that will send the actual -file to standard output. For example: - -<pre class="example"> \special{psfile="`gnuplot foo"} -</pre> - <p class="noindent"><a name="index-gnuplot-418"></a>to include the file <samp><span class="file">foo</span></samp>. Of course, the command to be executed -can be anything, including using a file conversion utility such as -<samp><span class="file">tek2ps</span></samp> or whatever is appropriate. This feature can be disabled -with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>’ command-line option or ‘<samp><span class="samp">R</span></samp>’ configuration option. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Fonts-in-figures"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">5.1.6 Fonts in figures</h4> - -<p><a name="index-figures-and-fonts-419"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-in-PostScript-figures-420"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_002aFont-421"></a> -You can use any font available to TeX and Dvips within a graphics -file by putting a <code>%*Font:</code> line in the leading commentary of the -file. Schematically, this looks like: - -<pre class="example"> %*Font: <var>tfmname</var> <var>scaledbp</var> <var>designbp</var> <var>hex-start</var>:<var>hex-bitstring</var> -</pre> - <p>Here is the meaning of each of these elements: - - <dl> -<dt><var>tfmname</var><dd>The TeX TFM filename, e.g., <samp><span class="file">cmr10</span></samp>. You can give the same -<var>tfmname</var> on more than one ‘<samp><span class="samp">%*Font</span></samp>’ line; this is useful when -the number of characters from the font used needs a longer -<var>hex-bitstring</var> (see item below) than conveniently fits on one line. - - <br><dt><var>scaledbp</var><dd>The size at which you are using the font, in PostScript points (TeX -big points). 72<span class="dmn">bp</span> = 72.27<span class="dmn">pt</span> = 1<span class="dmn">in</span>. - - <br><dt><var>designbp</var><dd>The designsize of the font, again in PostScript points. This should -match the value in the TFM file <var>tfmname</var>. Thus, for <samp><span class="file">cmr10</span></samp>, -it should be ‘<samp><span class="samp">9.96265</span></samp>’. - - <br><dt><var>hex-start</var><dd>The character code of the first character used from the font, specified -as two ASCII hexadecimal characters, e.g., ‘<samp><span class="samp">4b</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">4B</span></samp>’ for -‘<samp><span class="samp">K</span></samp>’. - - <br><dt><var>hex-bitstring</var><dd>An arbitrary number of ASCII hexadecimal digits specifying which -characters following (and including) <var>hex-start</var> are used. This is -treated as a bitmap. For example, if your figure used the single letter -‘<samp><span class="samp">K</span></samp>’, you would use ‘<samp><span class="samp">4b:8</span></samp>’ for <var>hex-start</var> and -<var>hex-bitstring</var>. If it used ‘<samp><span class="samp">KLMNP</span></samp>’, you would use -‘<samp><span class="samp">4b:f4</span></samp>’. - - </dl> - - <p>MetaPost's output figures contain lines like this for bitmap fonts used -in a MetaPost label (see <a href="web2c.html#MetaPost">MetaPost</a>). - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Header-files"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a> - -</div> - -<h3 class="section">5.2 PostScript header files</h3> - -<p><a name="index-header-files_002c-defined-422"></a><a name="index-PostScript-header-files-423"></a> -<dfn>Header files</dfn> are bits of PostScript included in the output file; -generally they provide support for special features, rather than -producing any printed output themselves. You can explicitly request -downloading header files if necessary for some figure, or to achieve -some special effect. - - <p><a name="index-psheaderdir-424"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epro-_0040r_007bprologue-files_007d-425"></a><a name="index-g_t_002elpro-_0040r_007blong-prologue-files_007d-426"></a>Dvips includes some headers on its own initiative, to implement features -such as PostScript font reencoding, bitmap font downloading, handling of -<code>\special</code>'s, and so on. These standard headers are the -<samp><span class="file">.pro</span></samp> files (for “prologue”) in the installation directory -‘<samp><span class="samp">$(psheaderdir)</span></samp>’; they are created from the <samp><span class="file">.lpro</span></samp> (“long -prologue”) files in the distribution by stripping -comments, squeezing blank lines, etc., for maximum efficiency. If you -want to peruse one of the standard header files, read the <samp><span class="file">.lpro</span></samp> -version. - - <p><a name="index-userdict_0040r_007b_002c-and-dictionary-files_007d-427"></a><a name="index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007buserdict_007d-428"></a>The PostScript dictionary stack will be at the ‘<samp><span class="samp">userdict</span></samp>’ level -when header files are included. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a> -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a> -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a> -</ul> - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Including-headers-from-TeX"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Header-files">Header files</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">5.2.1 Including headers from TeX</h4> - -<p><a name="index-including-headers-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-429"></a><a name="index-header_003d_0040var_007bfile_007d-_005cspecial-430"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-including-headers-in-431"></a> -<a name="index-headers_002c-including-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-432"></a>In order to get a particular graphic file to work, a certain font or -header file might need to be sent first. The Dvips program provides -support for this with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">header</span></samp>’ <code>\special</code>. For instance, -to ensure that <samp><span class="file">foo.ps</span></samp> gets downloaded: - -<pre class="example"> \special{header=foo.ps} -</pre> - <p><a name="index-fonts_002c-as-header-files-433"></a>As another example, if you have some PostScript code that uses a -PostScript font not built into your printer, you must download it to the -printer. If the font isn't used elsewhere in the document, Dvips can't -know you've used it, so you must include it in the same way, as in: - -<pre class="example"> \special{header=putr.pfa} -</pre> - <p class="noindent">to include the font definition file for Adobe Utopia Roman. - - <p>The <code>header</code> also special allows for specifying some additional -code that should be inserted into the PostScript document before and after -the file itself, as follows: - -<pre class="example"> \special{header={foo.ps} pre={pre code} post={post code}} -</pre> - <p><a name="index-before-header_002c-inserting-code-434"></a><a name="index-after-header_002c-inserting-code-435"></a><a name="index-pre-_0040r_007bcode-before-headers_007d-436"></a><a name="index-post-_0040r_007bcode-after-headers_007d-437"></a>This will insert <code>pre code</code> just before <samp><span class="file">foo.ps</span></samp> and -<code>post code</code> just after. It is required to use the (balanced) -braces in <em>all</em> of the arguments, including the <code>header</code>, -when using this extended syntax. - - <p>This allows, for instance, dynamic headers, where some of the content -depends on settings from the user in (La)TeX. Another application -is the inclusion of graphics inside the PostScript header, so that -they can be reused throughout the document, as with logs. That avoids -including the same graphic several times. This is implemented in the -<samp><span class="file">graphics/graphicx-psmin</span></samp> package. - - <p>This extended syntax has one additional feature. When Dvips finds the -extended syntax, it will also look in the installed <samp><span class="file">tex/</span></samp> -tree(s) for the header file (<samp><span class="file">foo.ps</span></samp> in our example), and not -only in the current directory and dvips tree as the original syntax -does. This is because common graphics may well come with packages -which are installed in the <samp><span class="file">tex/</span></samp> tree. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Including-headers-from-the-command-line"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Header-files">Header files</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">5.2.2 Including headers from the command line</h4> - -<p><a name="index-including-headers-from-the-command-line-438"></a><a name="index-command-line_002c-including-headers-from-439"></a><a name="index-headers_002c-including-from-the-command-line-440"></a> -You can include headers when you run Dvips, as well as from your -document (see the previous section). To do this, run Dvips with the -option ‘<samp><span class="samp">-P </span><var>header</var></samp>’; this will read the file -<samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>header</var></samp>, which in turn can specify a header file to -be downloaded with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">h</span></samp>’ option. See <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>. These files are called <samp><var>header</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS. - - <p><a name="index-duplex-printers-441"></a><a name="index-simplex-mode-on-duplex-printers-442"></a><a name="index-screen-frequencies_002c-setting-443"></a>You can arrange for the same file to serve as a ‘<samp><span class="samp">-P</span></samp>’ config file -and the downloadable header file, by starting the lines of PostScript -code with a space, leaving only the ‘<samp><span class="samp">h</span></samp>’ line and any comments -starting in the first column. As an example, see -<samp><span class="file">contrib/volker/config.*</span></samp> (<samp><span class="file">contrib/volker/*.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS). -(These files also perform useful functions: controlling duplex/simplex -mode on duplex printers, and setting various screen frequencies; -<samp><span class="file">contrib/volker/README</span></samp> explains further.) - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Headers-and-memory-usage"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Header-files">Header files</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">5.2.3 Headers and memory usage</h4> - -<p><a name="index-headers-and-memory-usage-444"></a><a name="index-memory-usage_002c-and-headers-445"></a> -<a name="index-sections-of-output-file_002c-and-memory-446"></a><a name="index-output-file_002c-sectioning-of-447"></a>Dvips tries to avoid overflowing the printer's memory by splitting the -output files into “sections” (see the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-i</span></samp>’ option in <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). Therefore, for all header files, Dvips debits the printer VM -budget by some value. If the header file has, in its leading -commentary a line of the form - - <p><a name="index-VMusage-448"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025VMusage-449"></a> -<pre class="example"> %%VMusage: <var>min</var> <var>max</var> -</pre> - <p class="noindent">then <var>max</var> is used. If there is no <code>%%VMusage</code> line, then -the size (in bytes) of the header file is used as an approximation. - - <p>Illustrations (figure files) are also checked for <code>%%VMusage</code> line. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Literal-PS"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Header-files">Header files</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a> - -</div> - -<h3 class="section">5.3 Literal PostScript</h3> - -<p><a name="index-literal-PostScript_002c-using-450"></a><a name="index-PostScript-code_002c-literal-451"></a> -You can include literal PostScript code in your document in several ways. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#g_t_0022-special">" special</a>: To include inline PostScript code. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#ps-special">ps special</a>: Inline PostScript without save/restore. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>: Specifying code to run in the PS interpreter. -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a>: Literal PostScript for the whole document. -<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a>: Neat example. -</ul> - -<div class="node"> -<a name="%22-special"></a> -<a name="g_t_0022-special"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ps-special">ps special</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">5.3.1 <code>"</code> special: Literal PostScript</h4> - -<p><a name="index-g_t_0022-_0040r_007bspecial-_0028literal-PostScript_0029_007d-452"></a> -For simple graphics, or just for experimentation, literal PostScript -code can be included. Simply use a <code>\special</code> beginning with a -double quote character ‘<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>’; there is no matching closing ‘<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>’. - - <p>For instance, the following (simple) graphic: - -<p class="noindent">was created by typing: - -<pre class="example"> \vbox to 100bp{\vss % a bp is the same as a PostScript unit - \special{" newpath 0 0 moveto 100 100 lineto 394 0 lineto - closepath gsave 0.8 setgray fill grestore stroke}} -</pre> - <p>You are responsible for leaving space for such literal graphics, as with -the <code>\vbox</code> above. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="ps-special"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#g_t_0022-special">" special</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">5.3.2 ‘<samp><span class="samp">ps</span></samp>’ special</h4> - -<p><a name="index-ps-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-453"></a> -<a name="index-save_002frestore_002c-and-specials-454"></a>Generally, Dvips encloses specials in a PostScript save/restore pair, -guaranteeing that the special will have no effect on the rest of the -document. The ‘<samp><span class="samp">ps</span></samp>’ special, however, allows you to insert literal -PostScript instructions without this protective shield; you should -understand what you're doing (and you shouldn't change the PostScript -graphics state unless you are willing to take the consequences). This -command can take many forms because it has had a torturous history; any -of the following will work: - -<pre class="example"> \special{ps:<var>text</var>} - \special{ps::<var>text</var>} - \special{ps::[begin]<var>text</var>} - \special{ps::[end]<var>text</var>} - \special{ps::[nobreak]<var>text</var>} -</pre> - <p class="noindent">(with longer forms taking precedence over shorter forms, when they are -present). ‘<samp><span class="samp">ps::</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">ps::[end]</span></samp>’ do no positioning, so they -can be used to continue PostScript literals started with ‘<samp><span class="samp">ps:</span></samp>’ or -‘<samp><span class="samp">ps::[begin]</span></samp>’. - - <p>Literal PostScript instructions after ‘<samp><span class="samp">ps::[nobreak]</span></samp>’ are -<em>not</em> broken into lines. This feature may be used to include -PostScript comments, for example. - - <p><a name="index-plotfile_0040r_007b_002c-_0040samp_007bps_007d-subspecial_007d-455"></a>In addition, the variant - -<pre class="example"> \special{ps: plotfile <var>filename</var>} -</pre> - <p class="noindent"><a name="index-rotate_002etex-456"></a>inserts the contents of <var>filename</var> verbatim into the output (except -for omitting lines that begin with %). An example of the proper use of -literal specials can be found in the file <samp><span class="file">rotate.tex</span></samp>, which makes -it easy to typeset text turned in multiples of 90 degrees. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Literal-headers"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">5.3.3 Literal headers: ‘<samp><span class="samp">!</span></samp>’ <code>\special</code></h4> - -<p><a name="index-literal-headers-457"></a><a name="index-SDict-_0040r_007bdictionary_007d-458"></a> -<a name="index-g_t_0021-_0040r_007bspecial-_0028literal-PS-header_0029_007d-459"></a><a name="index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007bSDict_007d-460"></a>You can download literal PostScript header code in your TeX document, -for use with (for example) literal graphics code that you include later. -The text of a <code>\special</code> beginning with an ‘<samp><span class="samp">!</span></samp>’ is copied into -the output file. A dictionary <code>SDict</code> will be current when this -code is executed; Dvips arranges for <code>SDict</code> to be first on the -dictionary stack when any PostScript graphic is included, whether -literally (the ‘<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>’ special) or through macros (e.g., -<samp><span class="file">epsf.tex</span></samp>). - - <p>For example: - -<pre class="example"> \special{! /reset { 0 0 moveto} def} -</pre> - <div class="node"> -<a name="PostScript-hooks"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ps-special">ps special</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">5.3.4 PostScript hooks</h4> - -<p><a name="index-PostScript-hooks-461"></a> -Besides including literal PostScript at a particular place in your -document (as described in the previous section), you can also arrange to -execute arbitrary PostScript code at particular times while the -PostScript is printing. - - <p><a name="index-bop_002dhook-462"></a><a name="index-eop_002dhook-463"></a><a name="index-start_002dhook-464"></a><a name="index-end_002dhook-465"></a>If any of the PostScript names <code>bop-hook</code>, <code>eop-hook</code>, -<code>start-hook</code>, or <code>end-hook</code> are defined in <code>userdict</code>, -they will be executed at the beginning of a page, end of a page, start -of the document, and end of a document, respectively. - - <p><a name="index-draft-copies-466"></a><a name="index-dated-output-467"></a>When these macros are executed, the default PostScript coordinate system -and origin is in effect. Such macros can be defined in headers added by -the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-h</span></samp>’ option or the ‘<samp><span class="samp">header=</span></samp>’ special, and might be useful -for writing, for instance, `DRAFT' across the entire page, or, with the -aid of a shell script, dating the document. These macros are executed -outside of the save/restore context of the individual pages, so it is -possible for them to accumulate information, but if a document must be -divided into sections because of memory constraints, such added -information will be lost across section breaks. - - <p><a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040code_007bbop_002dhook_007d-468"></a>The single argument to <code>bop-hook</code> is the physical page number; the -first page gets zero, the second one, etc. <code>bop-hook</code> must leave -this number on the stack. None of the other hooks are passed arguments. - - <p>As an example of what can be done, the following special will write -a light grey `DRAFT' across each page in the document: - -<pre class="example"> \special{!userdict begin /bop-hook{gsave 200 30 translate - 65 rotate /Times-Roman findfont 216 scalefont setfont - 0 0 moveto 0.7 setgray (DRAFT) show grestore}def end} -</pre> - <p><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-and-multi_002dpage-information_007d-469"></a>Using <code>bop-hook</code> or <code>eop-hook</code> to preserve information across -pages breaks compliance with the Adobe document structuring conventions, -so if you use any such tricks, you may also want to use the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-N</span></samp>’ -option to turn off structured comments (such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">%%Page</span></samp>’). -Otherwise, programs that read your file will assume its pages are -independent. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Literal-examples"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">5.3.5 Literal examples</h4> - -<p><a name="index-literal-PostScript_002c-examples-470"></a><a name="index-examples-of-literal-PostScript-471"></a> -To finish off this section, the following examples of literal PostScript -are presented without explanation: - -<pre class="example"> \def\rotninety{\special{ps:currentpoint currentpoint translate 90 - rotate neg exch neg exch translate}}\font\huge=cmbx10 at 14.4truept - \setbox0=\hbox to0pt{\huge A\hss}\vskip16truept\centerline{\copy0 - \special{ps:gsave}\rotninety\copy0\rotninety\copy0\rotninety - \box0\special{ps:grestore}}\vskip16truept -</pre> - <pre class="example"> \vbox to 2truein{\special{ps:gsave 0.3 setgray}\hrule height 2in - width\hsize\vskip-2in\special{ps:grestore}\font\big=cminch\big - \vss\special{ps:gsave 1 setgray}\vbox to 0pt{\vskip2pt - \line{\hss\hskip4pt NEAT\hss}\vss}\special{ps:0 setgray}% - \hbox{\raise2pt\line{\hss NEAT\hss}\special{ps:grestore}}\vss} -</pre> - <p><a name="index-g_t_005crotninety-472"></a><a name="index-gsave_0040r_007b_002f_007dgrestore_0040r_007b_002c-and-literal-PS_007d-473"></a><a name="index-save_0040r_007b_002f_007drestore_0040r_007b_002c-and-literal-PS_007d-474"></a>Some caveats are in order, however. Make sure that each <code>gsave</code> is -matched with a <code>grestore</code> on the same page. Do not use <code>save</code> -and <code>restore</code>; they can interact with the PostScript generated by -Dvips if care is not taken. Try to understand what the above macros are -doing before writing your own. The <code>\rotninety</code> macro especially -has a useful trick that appears again and again. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Hypertext"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a> - -</div> - -<h3 class="section">5.4 HyperTeXt</h3> - -<p><a name="index-hypertext-support-475"></a> -<a name="index-g_t_002dz-476"></a><a name="index-html-_0040r_007bspecials_007d-477"></a><a name="index-pdfmark-478"></a>Dvips has support for producing hypertext PostScript documents. If you -specify the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-z</span></samp>’ option, the <samp><span class="file">html:</span></samp> specials described below -will be converted into ‘<samp><span class="samp">pdfmark</span></samp>’ PostScript operators to specify -links. Without ‘<samp><span class="samp">-z</span></samp>’, <samp><span class="file">html:</span></samp> specials are ignored. - - <p><a name="index-distiller_002c-for-PDF-files-479"></a><a name="index-PDF-files_002c-making-480"></a>The resulting PostScript can then be processed by a distiller program to -make a PDF file. (It can still be handled by ordinary PostScript -interpreters as well.) Various versions of both PC and Unix distillers -are supported; Ghostscript includes limited distiller support -(see <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a>). - - <p>Macros you can use in your TeX document to insert the specials in the -first place are available from <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/support/hypertex</span></samp>. For -CTAN info, see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>. - - <p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bhttp_003a_002f_002fwww_002ewin_002etue_002enl_002f_007edickie_002fidvi_007d-481"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bhttp_003a_002f_002fxxx_002elanl_002egov_002fhypertex_007d-482"></a><a name="index-Doyle_002c-Mark-483"></a><a name="index-Bhattacharya_002c-Tanmoy-484"></a><a name="index-Java-DVI-reader-485"></a><a name="index-idvi-_0040r_007bJava-DVI-reader_007d-486"></a><a name="index-dvihps_0040r_007b_002c-hyperdvi-to-PostScript_007d-487"></a>This hypertext support (and original form of the documentation) was -written by Mark Doyle and Tanmoy Bhattacharya as the ‘<samp><span class="samp">dvihps</span></samp>’ -program. You can retrieve their software and additional documentation -via the CTAN reference above. You may also be interested in the Java -previewer IDVI, available at <a href="http://www.win.tue.nl/~dickie/idvi">http://www.win.tue.nl/~dickie/idvi</a>, -and/or in <a href="http://www.emrg.com/texpdf.html">http://www.emrg.com/texpdf.html</a>, which describes -the process of making PDF files from TeX files in more detail. - - <p>Mail archives for the original project are at -<a href="http://math.albany.edu:8800/hm/ht/">http://math.albany.edu:8800/hm/ht/</a>. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a>: Font quality, missing character psi. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a>: The details on the specials. -</ul> - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Hypertext-caveats"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">5.4.1 Hypertext caveats</h4> - -<p><a name="index-hypertext-caveats-488"></a> -<a name="index-Computer-Modern-in-PostScript-489"></a><a name="index-hypertext-and-bitmap-fonts-490"></a><a name="index-hypertext-caveats-491"></a><a name="index-embedding-Type-1-fonts-492"></a><a name="index-PDF-files_002c-font-quality-493"></a>If you intend to go all the way to PDF, you may want to use the standard -35 PostScript fonts exclusively, since other fonts are embedded as -bitmaps by default. The Adobe PDF readers are extremely slow when -dealing with bitmap fonts and the results look terrible on the screen. -Printouts will probably look fine, but may not take full advantage of a -high-resolution printer. Alternatively, you can have your fonts -embedded as Type 1 scalable outlines. The resulting PostScript files -may be larger, but can be effectively rasterized at any resolution. -They can also be converted to PDF files that can be used effectively at -any screen or printer resolution. - - <p>To get the TeX fonts embedded in the PostScript file as Type 1 fonts, -add ‘<samp><span class="samp">-Ppdf</span></samp>’ to the dvips command line switches. The printout -for a run should look something like this: - -<pre class="smallexample"> dvips report -Ppdf -o report.ps - This is dvips(k) 5.86 Copyright 1999 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com) - ' TeX output 2001.06.15:0837' -> report.ps - <tex.pro><alt-rule.pro><texc.pro><texps.pro><special.pro>. - <cmbx9.pfb><cmsy6.pfb><cmsy7.pfb><cmr5.pfb><cmex10.pfb><cmr9.pfb> - <cmmi7.pfb><cmsy10.pfb><cmmib10.pfb><cmmi10.pfb><cmti10.pfb> - <cmr7.pfb><cmbx10.pfb><cmr10.pfb><cmti9.pfb><cmr12.pfb><cmbx12.pfb> - [1] [2<mean1.ps>] [3<bounce1-00.ps>] [4] -</pre> - <p>An entry like "<cmr10.pfb>" indicates success: dvips found the Computer -Modern Roman 10 point font in a PostScript Font Binary file, translated -it to an ASCII encoding, and embedded it. You can confirm this by -examining the PostScript output file, looking for the section starting -<code>%%BeginFont: CMR10</code> followed by an entry <code>/FontType 1 def</code>. - - <p>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">-Ppdf</span></samp>’ option requires that the relevant outline -(<samp><span class="file">.pfa</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">.pfb</span></samp>) files be installed (see <a href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>). For example, the <samp><span class="file">cmr10</span></samp> file might be in -<samp><span class="file">/usr/share/texmf/fonts/type1/bluesky/cm/cmr10.pfb</span></samp>. Your TeX -distribution may make those fonts available in a separate optional -package (e.g., <code>tetex-extra</code> in Debian). Failing that, -commercial versions of the Computer Modern fonts are available from -Blue Sky; public domain versions - in particular, the lm fonts, and -the cm-super fonts, are available from CTAN sites (for CTAN info, -see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>). - - <p>You can convert a PostScript file to PDF using <code>distill</code>, which -comes with Adobe Acrobat, or <code>ps2pdf</code>, which comes with -Ghostscript. The <code>ps2pdf</code> that comes with <code>Ghostscript</code> -version 6.0 or earlier will not embed Type 1 fonts. Current -recommendations are GNU Ghostscript 6.51 or Aladdin Ghostscript 7.0. -You can check the fonts in a PDF file with Acrobat Reader by selecting -the menu entries ‘<samp><span class="samp">File|Document Info|Fonts</span></samp>’. - - <p><a name="index-psi-character-missing-494"></a><a name="index-trailing-spaces_002c-dropped-495"></a><a name="index-spaces_002c-dropped-trailing-496"></a>Also, the Adobe distillers prior to 2.1 drop trailing space characters -(character code 32) from strings. Unfortunately, the PostScript fonts -use this character code for characters other than space (notably the -Greek letter psi in the <code>Symbol</code> font), and so these characters are -dropped. This bug is fixed in version 2.1. - - <p>If you can't upgrade, One workaround is to change all the trailing -blanks in strings to a character code that isn't in the font. This works -because the default behavior is to substitute a blank for a missing -character, i.e., the distiller is fooled into substituting the right -character. For instance, with the Blue Sky fonts, you can globally -replace ‘<samp><span class="samp"> )</span></samp>’ with ‘<samp><span class="samp">\200)</span></samp>’ (with <code>sed</code>, for example) and -get the desired result. With the public domain fonts, you will probably -have to use a character code in the range 128 to 191 since these fonts -duplicate the first 32 characters starting at 192 to avoid MS-DOS -problems. - - <p>For more information on the use of TeX to produce PDF files, see the -article “Creating quality Adobe PDF files from TeX with DVIPS” by -Kendall Whitehouse of Adobe. Adobe seems not to offer the article any -more, but copies are available elsewhere: -<pre class="display"> <a href="http://www.math.hawaii.edu/~ralph/MathOnWeb/TeXPDF.html">http://www.math.hawaii.edu/~ralph/MathOnWeb/TeXPDF.html</a> - <a href="http://www.utdallas.edu/~cantrell/online/543e.html">http://www.utdallas.edu/~cantrell/online/543e.html</a> -</pre> - <p>You may also want to check “Notes on converting (La)TeX documents -to robust PDF using Rokicki's dvips and Acrobat Distiller” by Timothy -P. Van Zandt:<br> -<a href="http://www.emrg.com/texpdf.htmlhttp://zandtwerk.insead.fr/tex2pdf.html">http://www.emrg.com/texpdf.htmlhttp://zandtwerk.insead.fr/tex2pdf.html</a>. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Hypertext-specials"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">5.4.2 Hypertext specials</h4> - -<p><a name="index-hypertext-specials-497"></a><a name="index-specials_002c-hypertext-498"></a> -<a name="index-Smith_002c-Arthur-499"></a>Current support for the World Wide Web in the TeX system does not -involve modifying TeX itself. We need only define some specials; -Arthur Smith (<a href="mailto:apsmith@aps.org">apsmith@aps.org</a>), Tanmoy Bhattacharya, and Paul -Ginsparg originally proposed and implemented the following: -<pre class="example"> html:<a href="<var>xurl</var>"> - html:<a name="<var>name</var>"> - html:</a> - html:<img src="<var>xurl</var>"> - html:<base href="<var>xurl</var>"> -</pre> - <p>Like all TeX <code>\special</code>'s, these produce no visible output, and -are uninterpreted by TeX itself. They are instructions to DVI -processors only. - - <p><a name="index-uniform-resource-locator-500"></a><a name="index-extended-URL-501"></a><a name="index-URL_002c-extended-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-502"></a><a name="index-Murphy_002c-Tim-503"></a>Here, <var>xurl</var> is a standard WWW uniform resource locator (URL), -possibly extended with a ‘<samp><span class="samp">#</span><var>type</var><span class="samp">.</span><var>string</var></samp>’ construct, -where <var>type</var> is ‘<samp><span class="samp">page</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">section</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">equation</span></samp>’, -‘<samp><span class="samp">reference</span></samp>’ (for bibliographic references), ‘<samp><span class="samp">figure</span></samp>’, -‘<samp><span class="samp">table</span></samp>’, etc. For example, -<pre class="smallexample"> \special{html:<a href="http://www.maths.tcd.ie/~tim/ch1.dvi#equation.1.1">} -</pre> - <p class="noindent">is a link to equation (1.1) in an example document by Tim Murphy. - - <p><a name="index-URL_002c-definition-504"></a>See the URL <a href="http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/Addressing/Addressing.html">http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/Addressing/Addressing.html</a> -for a precise description of base URL's. - - <p>Descriptions of the <code>\special</code>'s: - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">href</span></samp>’<a name="index-href-505"></a><dd><a name="index-links_002c-hypertext-506"></a>Creates links in your TeX document. For example: - <pre class="example"> \special{html:<a href="http://www.tug.org/">}\TeX\ Users - Group\special{html:</a>} -</pre> - <p class="noindent">The user will be able to click on the text `TeX Users -Group' while running Xdvi and get to the TUG home page. (By the way, -this is for illustration. In practice, you most likely want to use -macros to insert the <code>\special</code> commands; reference above.) - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">name</span></samp>’<a name="index-name-507"></a><dd><a name="index-Anderson_002c-Laurie-508"></a>Defines URL targets in your TeX documents, so links can be -resolved. For example: - <pre class="example"> \special{html:<a name="paradise">}Paradise\special{html:</a>} - is exactly where you are right now. -</pre> - <p>This will resolve an ‘<samp><span class="samp">href="#paradise"</span></samp>’. You'll also have to -change the catcode of ‘<samp><span class="samp">#</span></samp>’, etc. It's usually easiest to use -existing macro packages which take care of all the details, such as -<samp><span class="file">hyperref</span></samp> for LaTeX. The <a href="http://arxiv.org/hypertex/">HyperTeX FAQ</a> has more information. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">img</span></samp>’<a name="index-img-509"></a><dd><a name="index-mailcap-_0040r_007band-hypertext_007d-510"></a>Links to an arbitrary external file. Interactively, a viewer is spawned -to read the file according to the file extension and your <samp><span class="file">mailcap</span></samp> -file (see the Xdvi documentation). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">base</span></samp>’<a name="index-base-511"></a><dd>Defines a base URL that is prepended to all the <code>name</code> targets. -Typically unnecessary, as the name of the DVI file being read is used by -default. -</dl> - - <p>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">img</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">base</span></samp>’ tags are not yet implemented in Dvips or -the NeXTSTEP DVI viewer. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="PostScript-fonts"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Color">Color</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> - -</div> - -<h2 class="chapter">6 PostScript fonts</h2> - -<p><a name="index-PostScript-fonts-512"></a> -Dvips supports the use of PostScript fonts in TeX documents. To use -a PostScript font conveniently, you need to prepare a corresponding -virtual font; the program Afm2tfm, supplied with Dvips, helps -with that. - - <p>All the necessary support for the standard 35 PostScript fonts -(‘<samp><span class="samp">AvantGarde-Book</span></samp>’ through ‘<samp><span class="samp">ZapfDingbats</span></samp>’), plus other freely -or commonly available PostScript fonts is available along with Dvips. -To use these fonts, you need do nothing beyond what is mentioned in the -installation procedure (see <a href="#Installation">Installation</a>). This chapter is -therefore relevant only if you are installing new PostScript fonts not -supplied with Dvips. (Or if you're curious.) - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>: Metrics, glyphs, virtual fonts, and encodings. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a>: Installing and using a PostScript font. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a>: Creating TFM and AFM files for a virtual font. -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>: Defining available PostScript fonts. -</ul> - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Font-concepts"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a> - -</div> - -<h3 class="section">6.1 Font concepts</h3> - -<p><a name="index-font-concepts-513"></a> -The information needed to typeset using a particular font is contained -in two files: a <dfn>metric file</dfn> that contains shape-independent -information and a <dfn>glyph file</dfn> that contains the actual shapes of -the font's characters. A <dfn>virtual font</dfn> is an optional additional -file that can specify special ways to construct the characters. TeX -itself (or LaTeX) look only at the metric file, but DVI drivers such -as Dvips look at all three of these files. - - <p>An <dfn>encoding file</dfn> defines the correspondence between the code -numbers of the characters in a font and their descriptive names. Two -encoding files used together can describe a reencoding that rearranges, -i.e., renumbers, the characters of a font. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a>: Shape-independent font information. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>: Character shapes. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>: Constructing one font from others. -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>: Character codes and character names. -<li><a accesskey="5" href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a>: How PostScript typesets a character. -</ul> - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Metric-files"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">6.1.1 Metric files</h4> - -<p><a name="index-metric-files-514"></a> -A <dfn>metric file</dfn> describes properties of the font that are -independent of what the characters actually look like. Aside from -general information about the font itself, a metric file has two kinds -of information: information about individual characters, organized by -character code, and information about sequences of characters. - - <p>The per-character information specifies the width, height, depth, and -italic correction of each character in the font. Any might be zero. - - <p><a name="index-kerning_002c-defined-515"></a><a name="index-ligature_002c-defined-516"></a>In addition to information on individual characters, the metric file -specifies <dfn>kerning</dfn>, i.e., adding or removing space between -particular character pairs. It further specifies <dfn>ligature</dfn> -information: when a sequence of input characters should be typeset as a -single (presumably different) “ligature” character. For example, it's -traditional for the input ‘<samp><span class="samp">fi</span></samp>’ to be typeset as `fi', not as -`<span class="roman">f</span><span class="roman">i</span>' (with the dot of the `i' colliding with `f'). (In English, -the only common ligatures are fi, fl, ff, ffi, and ffl.) - - <p>Different typesetting systems use different metric file formats: - - <ul> -<li><a name="index-afm-files-517"></a><a name="index-g_t_002eafm-_0040r_007bAdobe-metric-files_007d-518"></a>Each Postscript font has an <dfn>Adobe font metrics</dfn> (‘<samp><span class="samp">.afm</span></samp>’) -file. These files are plain text, so you can inspect them easily. You -can get AFM files for Adobe's fonts from -<a href="ftp://ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/Fonts/AFMs">ftp://ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/Fonts/AFMs</a>. - - <li><a name="index-tfm-files-519"></a><a name="index-g_t_002etfm-_0040r_007b_0040TeX_007b_007d-font-metric-files_007d-520"></a>TeX uses <dfn>TeX font metrics</dfn> (‘<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>’) files. When you say -‘<samp><span class="samp">\font = </span><var>font</var></samp>’ in your TeX document, TeX reads a file -named ‘<samp><var>font</var><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>’. (Well, except for the <samp><span class="file">texfonts.map</span></samp> -feature; see <a href="kpathsea.html#Fontmap">Fontmap</a>). TeX can then -calculate the space occupied by characters from the font when -typesetting. In addition, the DVI drivers you use to print or view the -DVI file produced by TeX may need to look at the TFM file. - - <p><a name="index-property-list-files-521"></a><a name="index-tftopl-522"></a><a name="index-pltotf-523"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epl-_0040r_007bproperty-list-files_007d-524"></a>TFM files are binary (and hence are typically much smaller than AFM -files). You can use the <code>tftopl</code> program (see <a href="web2c.html#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a>) that comes with TeX to transform a TFM -file into a human-readable “property list” (‘<samp><span class="samp">.pl</span></samp>’) file. You can -also edit a PL file and transform it back to a TeX-readable TFM with -the companion program <code>pltotf</code> (see <a href="web2c.html#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a>). Editing metrics by hand is not something you're likely to want -to do often, but the capability is there. - - <li><a name="index-pfm-files-525"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epfm-_0040r_007bprinter-font-metric-files_007d-526"></a>ATM and other typesetting systems use <dfn>printer font metric</dfn> -(‘<samp><span class="samp">.pfm</span></samp>’) files. These are binary files. They are irrelevant in the -TeX world, and not freely available, so we will not discuss them -further. - - </ul> - - <p>The Afm2tfm program distributed with Dvips converts an AFM file -to a TFM file and performs other useful transformations as well. -See <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a>. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Glyph-files"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">6.1.2 Glyph files</h4> - -<p><a name="index-glyph-files-527"></a> -Although a metric file (see the previous section) contains information -about the spatial and other properties of the character at position 75, -say, it contains nothing about what the character at position 75 -actually looks like. The glyphs—the actual shapes of the letterforms -in a font—are defined by other files, which we call glyph files. -TeX itself only reads the TFM file for a font; it does not need to -know character shapes. - - <p>A <dfn>glyph file</dfn> is a file that defines the shapes of the characters -in a font. The shapes can be defined either by outlines or by bitmaps. - - <p><a name="index-outline-fonts-528"></a><a name="index-arcs-529"></a><a name="index-splines-530"></a>PostScript fonts are defined as <dfn>outline fonts</dfn>: Each character in -the font is defined by giving the mathematical curves (lines, arcs, and -splines) that define its contours. Different sizes of a character are -generated by linearly scaling a single shape. For example, a 10-point -`A' is simply half the size of a 20-point `A'. Nowadays, outline fonts -usually also contain <dfn>hints</dfn>—additional information to improve the -appearance of the font at small sizes or low resolutions. - - <p><a name="index-Type-1-fonts-531"></a><a name="index-pfa-files-532"></a><a name="index-pfb-files-533"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epfa-_0040r_007bprinter-font-ascii-files_007d-534"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epfb-_0040r_007bprinter-font-binary-files_007d-535"></a>Although various kinds of PostScript outline fonts exist, by far the -most common, and the only one we will consider, is called <dfn>Type 1</dfn>. -The glyph files for Postscript Type 1 fonts typically have names ending -in ‘<samp><span class="samp">.pfa</span></samp>’ (“printer font ASCII”) or ‘<samp><span class="samp">.pfb</span></samp>’ (“printer font -binary”). - - <p><a name="index-bitmap-fonts-536"></a><a name="index-g_t_002emf-_0040r_007bMetafont-source-files_007d-537"></a><a name="index-Metafont-source-files-538"></a>In contrast, glyph files for Computer Modern and the other standard -TeX fonts are <dfn>bitmap fonts</dfn>, generated from Metafont -(‘<samp><span class="samp">.mf</span></samp>’) descriptions. The Metafont program distributed with TeX -generates bitmaps from these descriptions. - - <p><a name="index-pk-files-539"></a><a name="index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007dpk-_0040r_007bpacked-font-bitmaps_007d-540"></a>The glyph files for TeX bitmap fonts are usually stored in -<dfn>packed font</dfn> (PK) files. The names of these files end in -‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span><var>nnn</var><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>’, where <var>nnn</var> is the resolution of the font in -dots per inch. For example, <samp><span class="file">cmr10.600pk</span></samp> contains the bitmaps for -the ‘<samp><span class="samp">cmr10</span></samp>’ font at a resolution of 600<span class="dmn">dpi</span>. (On DOS -filesystems, it's more likely <samp><span class="file">dpi600\cmr10.pk</span></samp>.) - - <p><a name="index-gf-files-541"></a><a name="index-gftopk-542"></a>Metafont actually outputs <dfn>generic font</dfn> (GF) files, e.g., -<samp><span class="file">cmr10.600gf</span></samp>, but the GF files are usually converted immediately -to PK format (using the <code>gftopk</code> utility that comes with TeX) -since PK files are smaller and contain the same information. (The GF -format is a historical artifact.) - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Virtual-fonts"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">6.1.3 Virtual fonts</h4> - -<p><a name="index-virtual-fonts-543"></a> -A <dfn>virtual font</dfn> is constructed by extracting characters from one or -more existing fonts and rearranging them, or synthesizing new characters -in various ways. The explanation in this manual is intended to suffice -for understanding enough about virtual fonts to use them with Dvips. It -isn't a reference manual on virtual fonts. For more information: The -primary document on virtual fonts is Donald E. Knuth, <cite>TUGboat</cite> -11(1), Apr. 1990, pp. 13–23, “Virtual Fonts: More Fun for Grand -Wizards” (<samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/info/virtual-fonts.knuth</span></samp>; for CTAN info, -see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>). (Don't be intimidated by -the subtitle.) - - <p><a name="index-vf-files-544"></a><a name="index-vpl-files-545"></a>A virtual font (‘<samp><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>’) file specifies, for each character in the -virtual font, a recipe for typesetting that character. A VF file, like -a TFM file, is in a compressed binary format. The <code>vftovp</code> and -<code>vptovf</code> programs convert a VF file to a human-readable VPL -(virtual property list) format and back again. See <a href="web2c.html#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a>, and <a href="web2c.html#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a>. - - <p><a name="index-base-fonts-546"></a>In the case of a PostScript font <var>f</var> being used in a straightforward -way, the recipe says: character <var>i</var> in the VF font is character -<var>j</var> in font <var>f</var>. The font <var>f</var> is called a <dfn>base font</dfn>. -For example, the VF file could remap the characters of the PostScript -font to the positions where TeX expects to find them. -See <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>. - - <p>Since TeX reads only TFM files, not VF's, each VF must have a -corresponding TFM for use with TeX. This corresponding TFM is -created when you run <code>vptovf</code>. - - <p><a name="index-expansion_002c-of-virtual-fonts-547"></a><a name="index-virtual-font-expansion-548"></a>You can <dfn>expand</dfn> virtual fonts into their base fonts with DVIcopy -(see <a href="web2c.html#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a>). This is useful if you are -using a DVI translator that doesn't understand vf's itself. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Encodings"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">6.1.4 Encodings</h4> - -<p><a name="index-encodings-549"></a> -Every font, whatever its type, has an <dfn>encoding</dfn>, that specifies the -correspondence between “logical” characters and character codes. For -example, the ASCII encoding specifies that the character numbered 65 -(decimal) is an uppercase `A'. The encoding does not specify what the -character at that position looks like; there are lots of ways to draw an -`A', and a glyph file (see <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>) tells how. Nor does it -specify how much space that character occupies; that information is in a -metric file (see <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a>). - - <p><a name="index-Computer-Modern_002c-encoding-of-550"></a>TeX implicitly assumes a particular encoding for the fonts you use -with it. For example, the plain TeX macro <code>\'</code>, which typesets -an acute accent over the following letter, assumes the acute accent is -at position 19 (decimal). This happens to be true of standard TeX -fonts such as Computer Modern, as you might expect, but it is not true -of normal PostScript fonts. - - <p>It's possible but painful to change all the macros that assume -particular character positions. A better solution is to create a new -font with the information for the acute accent at position 19, where -TeX expects it to be. See <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a>. - - <p><a name="index-PostScript-encoding-551"></a><a name="index-encoding-files-552"></a><a name="index-encoding-vectors_002c-defined-553"></a> -PostScript represents encodings as a sequence of 256 character names -called an <dfn>encoding vector</dfn>. An <dfn>encoding file</dfn> (‘<samp><span class="samp">.enc</span></samp>’) -gives such a vector, together with ligature and kerning information -(with which we are not concerned at the moment). These encoding files -are used by the Afm2tfm program. Encoding files are also downloaded to -the PostScript interpreter in your printer if you use one of them in -place of the default encoding vector for a particular PostScript font. - - <p><a name="index-dvips_002eenc-554"></a><a name="index-g_t8r_002eenc-555"></a><a name="index-texmext_002eenc-556"></a><a name="index-texmital_002eenc-557"></a><a name="index-texmsym_002eenc-558"></a><a name="index-reencode_002f_002a_002eenc-559"></a>Examples of encodings: the <samp><span class="file">dvips.enc</span></samp> encoding file that comes -with the Fontname distribution (<a href="http://tug.org/fontname">http://tug.org/fontname</a>) is a -good (but not perfect) approximation to the TeX encoding for -TeX's Computer Modern text fonts. This is the encoding of the -fonts that originated with Dvips, such as <samp><span class="file">ptmr.tfm</span></samp>. The -distribution includes many other encoding files; for example, -<samp><span class="file">8r.enc</span></samp>, which is the base font for the current PostScript font -distribution, and three corresponding to the TeX mathematics fonts: -<samp><span class="file">texmext.enc</span></samp> for math extensions, <samp><span class="file">texmital.enc</span></samp> for math -italics, and <samp><span class="file">texmsym.enc</span></samp> for math symbols. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="PostScript-typesetting"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">6.1.5 How PostScript typesets a character</h4> - -<p><a name="index-typesetting-in-PostScript-560"></a><a name="index-character-lookup-procedure-in-PostScript-561"></a> -The output of Dvips is a program in the PostScript language that -instructs your (presumably PostScript-capable) printer how to typeset -your document by transforming it into toner on paper. Your printer, in -turn, contains a PostScript interpreter that carries out the -instructions in this typesetting program. - - <p>The program must include the definition of any PostScript fonts that you -use in your document. Fonts built into your printer (probably the -standard 35: ‘<samp><span class="samp">Times-Roman</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">ZapfDingbats</span></samp>’, <small class="dots">...</small>) are -defined within the interpreter itself. Other fonts must be downloaded -as pfa or pfb files (see <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>) from your host (the computer -on which you're running Dvips). - - <p>You may be wondering exactly how a PostScript interpreter figures out -what character to typeset, with this mass of metrics, glyphs, encodings, -and other information. (If you're not wondering, skip this section -<small class="dots">...</small>) - - <p><a name="index-show-_0040r_007bPostScript-operator_007d-562"></a>The basic PostScript operator for imaging characters is -<code>show</code>. Suppose you've asked TeX to typeset an `S'. This will -eventually wind up in the Dvips output as the equivalent of this -PostScript operation: - -<pre class="example"> (S) show -</pre> - <p class="noindent">Here is how PostScript typesets the `S': - - <ol type=1 start=1> -<li><a name="index-ASCII-character-codes_002c-used-by-PostScript-563"></a>PostScript interpreters use ASCII; therefore `S' is represented as the -integer 83. (Any of the 256 possible characters representable in a -standard 8-bit byte can be typeset.) - - <li><a name="index-current-font_002c-in-PostScript-564"></a><a name="index-dictionary_002c-PostScript-language-565"></a>A PostScript <dfn>dictionary</dfn> is a mapping of names to arbitrary values. -A font, to the interpreter, is a dictionary which contains entries for -certain names. (If these entries are missing, the interpreter refuses -to do anything with that font.) - - <p>PostScript has a notion of “the current font”—whatever font is -currently being typeset in. - - <li><a name="index-encoding-vectors_002c-in-Type-1-fonts-566"></a><a name="index-Encoding-_0040r_007bType-1-dictionary_007d-567"></a>One of the mandatory entries in a font dictionary is ‘<samp><span class="samp">Encoding</span></samp>’, -which defines the encoding vector (see <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>) for that font. -This vector of 256 names maps each possible input character to a name. - - <li>The interpreter retrieves the entry at position 83 of the encoding -vector. This value is a PostScript name: <code>/S</code>. - - <li><a name="index-CharStrings-_0040r_007bType-1-dictionary_007d-568"></a><a name="index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007bCharStrings_007d-569"></a>For Type 1 fonts (we're not going to discuss anything else), the -interpreter now looks up <code>/S</code> as a key in a dictionary named -<code>CharStrings</code>, another mandatory entry in a font dictionary. - - <li><a name="index-hints-570"></a><a name="index-character-definitions-in-PostScript-571"></a>The value of <code>S</code> in <code>CharStrings</code> is the equivalent of a -series of standard PostScript commands like ‘<samp><span class="samp">curveto</span></samp>’, -‘<samp><span class="samp">lineto</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">fill</span></samp>’, and so on. These commands are executed to -draw the character. There can also be <dfn>hint information</dfn> that helps -adapt the character to low-resolution rasters. (See <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>.) -The commands are actually represented in a more compact way than -standard PostScript source; see the Type 1 book for details. - - </ol> - - <p>This method for typesetting characters is used in both Level 1 and Level -2 PostScript. See the PostScript reference manuals for more -information. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Making-a-font-available"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a> - -</div> - -<h3 class="section">6.2 Making a PostScript font available</h3> - -<p><a name="index-installing-fonts-572"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-installing-573"></a> -To make a PostScript font available in a TeX document, you need to -install the font on your system and then define it within the document. -Once you have installed the font, of course, it is available for any -document thereafter and you don't need to reinstall it. You must have -an AFM file for any font you install. Unless the font is built into your -printer, you must also have a PFA or PFB file. - - <p>In the following examples, we use the font ‘<samp><span class="samp">Times-Roman</span></samp>’ to -illustrate the process. But you should use the prebuilt fonts for Times -and the other standard fonts, rather than rebuilding them. The prebuilt -fonts are made using a more complicated process than that described -here, to make them work as well as possible with TeX. So following -the steps in this manual will not generate files identical to the -distributed ones. See <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a>, for pointers to -the prebuilt fonts. - - <p>Installation of a PostScript font proceeds in three steps. See <a href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>, for descriptions of the various files involved. - - <ol type=1 start=1> -<li>Run <code>afm2tfm</code> to create a TFM file for the original font, -and the VPL form of the virtual font: - <pre class="example"> afm2tfm Times-Roman -v ptmr rptmr -</pre> - <li>Run <code>vptovf</code> to generate a VF and TFM file for the virtual font -from the VPL file: - <pre class="example"> vptovf ptmr.vpl ptmr.vf ptmr.tfm -</pre> - <li>Insert an entry for the font in <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> (see <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>): - <pre class="example"> rptmr Times-Roman <ptmr8a.pfa -</pre> - <li>Install the files in the standard locations, as in: - <pre class="example"> cp ptmr.vf <var>fontdir</var>/vf/... - cp *ptmr.tfm <var>fontdir</var>/tfm/... - cp ptmr.afm <var>fontdir</var>/afm/... - cp ptmr.pf? <var>fontdir</var>/type1/... -</pre> - </ol> - - <p>The simplest invocation of Afm2tfm to make virtual fonts goes something -like this: - - <p><a name="index-afm2tfm-574"></a> -<pre class="example"> afm2tfm Times-Roman -v ptmr rptmr -</pre> - <p class="noindent">This reads the file <samp><span class="file">Times-Roman.afm</span></samp>, and produces two files as -output, namely the virtual property list'file <samp><span class="file">ptmr.vpl</span></samp>, and the -“raw” font metric file <samp><span class="file">rptmr.tfm</span></samp>. To use the font in TeX, -you first run - - <p><a name="index-vptovf-575"></a> -<pre class="example"> vptovf ptmr.vpl ptmr.vf ptmr.tfm -</pre> - <p class="noindent">You should then install the virtual font file <samp><span class="file">ptmr.vf</span></samp> where Dvips -will see it and install <samp><span class="file">ptmr.tfm</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">rptmr.tfm</span></samp> where -TeX and Dvips will see them. - - <p>Using these raw fonts is not recommended; there are no raw fonts in the -prebuilt PostScript fonts distributed along with Dvips. But -nevertheless, that's how Afm2tfm presently operates, so that's what we -document here. The ‘<samp><span class="samp">r</span></samp>’ prefix convention is likewise historical -accident. - - <p>You can also make more complex virtual fonts by editing <samp><span class="file">ptmr.vpl</span></samp> -before running ‘<samp><span class="samp">vptovf</span></samp>’; such editing might add the uppercase Greek -characters in the standard TeX positions, for instance. (This has -already been done for the prebuilt fonts.) - - <p>Once the files have been installed, you're all set. You can now do -things like this in TeX: -<pre class="example"> \font\myfont = ptmr at 12pt - \myfont Hello, I am being typeset in 12-point Times-Roman. -</pre> - <p>Thus, we have two fonts, one actual (‘<samp><span class="samp">rptmr</span></samp>’, which is analogous to -the font in the printer) and one virtual (‘<samp><span class="samp">ptmr</span></samp>’, which has been -remapped to the standard TeX encoding (almost)), and has typesetting -know-how added. You could also say - -<pre class="example"> \font\raw = rptmr at 10pt -</pre> - <p class="noindent">and typeset directly with that, but then you would have no ligatures or -kerning, and you would have to use Adobe character positions for special -letters like -The virtual font ‘<samp><span class="samp">ptmr</span></samp>’ not only has ligatures and kerning, and -most of the standard accent conventions of TeX, it also has a few -additional features not present in the Computer Modern fonts. For -example, it includes all the Adobe characters (such as the Polish ogonek -and the French guillemots). The only things you lose from ordinary -TeX text fonts are the dotless `j' (which can be hacked into the VPL -file with literal PostScript specials if you have the patience) and -uppercase Greek letters (which just don't exist unless you buy them -separately). See <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a>. - - <p>As a final step you need to record information about both the virtual -font and the original font (if you ever might want to use it) in the -<samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> file (see <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>). For our example, you'd -insert the following into <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>: -<pre class="example"> rptmr Times-Roman <ptmr8a.pfa -</pre> - <p class="noindent">Of course, <code>Times-Roman</code> is already built in to most every -printer, so there's no need to download any Type 1 file for it. But if -you are actually following these instructions for new fonts, most likely -they are not built in to the printer. - - <p><a name="index-memory_002c-used-by-PostScript-fonts-576"></a><a name="index-efficiency_002c-and-fonts-577"></a>These PostScript fonts can be scaled to any size. Go wild! Using -PostScript fonts, however, does use up a great deal of the printer's -memory and it does take time. You may find downloading bitmap fonts -(possibly compressed, with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Z</span></samp>’ option) to be faster than using -the built-in PostScript fonts. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Invoking-afm2tfm"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a> - -</div> - -<h3 class="section">6.3 Invoking Afm2tfm</h3> - -<p><a name="index-afm2tfm-578"></a> -The Afm2tfm program converts an AFM file for a PostScript font to a TFM -file and a VPL file for a corresponding virtual font (or, in its -simplest form, to a TFM file for the PostScript font itself). The -results of the conversion are affected by the command-line options and -especially by the reencodings you can specify with those options. You -can also obtain special effects such as an oblique font. - - <p><a name="index-fontinst-579"></a><a name="index-virtual-fonts_002c-creating-580"></a><a name="index-Jeffrey_002c-Alan-581"></a>An alternative to Afm2tfm for creating virtual fonts is Alan Jeffrey's -<code>fontinst</code> program, available from -<samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">fonts/utilities/fontinst</span></samp> (for CTAN info, -see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>). - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a>: Reencoding with -t, -p, -T. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a>: Oblique fonts, small caps, and such. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a>: afm2tfm command-line options. -</ul> - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Changing-font-encodings"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">6.3.1 Changing font encodings</h4> - -<p><a name="index-encoding-changes-582"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-changing-encoding-of-583"></a> -Afm2tfm allows you to specify a different encoding for a PostScript font -(for a general introduction to encodings, see <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>). The -‘<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>’ option changes the TeX encoding, ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>’ changes the -PostScript encoding, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>’ changes both simultaneously, as -detailed in the sections below. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a>: Where TeX finds a character. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a>: Where PostScript finds a character. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Changing-both-encodings">Changing both encodings</a>: One and the same, simultaneously. -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a>: Problems with the default encoding. -<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a>: Syntax of an encoding file. -</ul> - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Changing-TeX-encodings"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a> - -</div> - -<h5 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.1 ‘<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>’: Changing TeX encodings</h5> - -<p><a name="index-changing-_0040TeX_007b_007d-encodings-584"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-encoding_002c-changing-585"></a> -<a name="index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007btex_002denc_007d-586"></a>To build a virtual font with Afm2tfm, you specify the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>’ or -‘<samp><span class="samp">-V</span></samp>’ option. You can then specify an encoding for that virtual font -with ‘<samp><span class="samp">-t </span><var>tex-enc</var></samp>’. (‘<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>’ is ignored if neither -‘<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>’ nor ‘<samp><span class="samp">-V</span></samp>’ is present.) Any ligature and kerning -information you specify in <var>tex-enc</var> will be used in the VPL, in -addition to the ligature and kerning information from the AFM file. - - <p>If the AFM file has no entry for a character specified in <var>tex-enc</var>, -that character will be omitted from the output VPL. - - <p><a name="index-texmsym_002eenc-587"></a>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>’ option is likely to be needed when you have a PostScript -font corresponding to a TeX font other than a normal text font such -as Computer Modern. For instance, if you have a PostScript font that -contains math symbols, you'd probably want to use the encoding in the -<samp><span class="file">texmsym.enc</span></samp> file supplied with Dvips. (For a start; to actually -get usable math fonts, you have to define much more than just an -encoding.) - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Changing-PostScript-encodings"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Changing-both-encodings">Changing both encodings</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a> - -</div> - -<h5 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.2 ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>’: Changing PostScript encodings</h5> - -<p><a name="index-changing-PostScript-encodings-588"></a><a name="index-PostScript-encoding_002c-changing-589"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dp-_0040var_007bps_002denc_007d-590"></a> -By default, Afm2tfm uses the encoding it finds in the AFM file. You can -specify a different PostScript encoding with ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p </span><var>ps-enc</var></samp>’. -This makes the raw TFM file (the one output by Afm2tfm) have the -encoding specified in the encoding file <var>ps-enc</var>. Any ligature or -kern information specified in <var>ps-enc</var> is ignored by Afm2tfm, since -ligkern info is always omitted from the raw TFM. - - <p>If you use this option, you must also arrange to download <var>ps-enc</var> -as part of any document that uses this font. You do this by adding a -line like the following one to <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> (see <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>): -<pre class="example"> zpopr Optima "MyEncoding ReEncodeFont" <myenc.enc -</pre> - <p><a name="index-trademark-_0040r_007bcharacter_002c-accessing_007d-591"></a><a name="index-registered-_0040r_007bcharacter_002c-accessing_007d-592"></a><a name="index-extra-characters_002c-accessing-593"></a>Using ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>’ is the only way to access characters in a PostScript -font that are neither encoded in the AFM file nor constructed from other -characters. For instance, Adobe's ‘<samp><span class="samp">Times-Roman</span></samp>’ font contains the -extra characters ‘<samp><span class="samp">trademark</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">registered</span></samp>’ (among others); -these can only be accessed through such a PostScript reencoding. - - <p><a name="index-g_t8r-_0040r_007bencoding_002c-and-extra-characters_007d-594"></a>The `8r' base encoding used for the current PostScript font -distribution does do this reencoding, for precisely this reason. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Changing-both-encodings"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a> - -</div> - -<h5 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.3 ‘<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>’: Changing both TeX and PostScript encodings</h5> - -<p><a name="index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007benc_002dfile_007d-595"></a> -The option ‘<samp><span class="samp">-T </span><var>enc-file</var></samp>’ is equivalent to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p -</span><var>enc-file</var><span class="samp"> -t </span><var>enc-file</var></samp>’. If you make regular use of a private -non-standard reencoding ‘<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>’ is usually a better idea than the -individual options, to avoid unexpected inconsistencies in mapping -otherwise. An example of when you might use this option is a dingbats -font: when you have a TeX encoding that is designed to be used with a -particular PostScript font. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Changing-both-encodings">Changing both encodings</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a> - -</div> - -<h5 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.4 Reencoding with Afm2tfm</h5> - -<p><a name="index-reencoding-596"></a><a name="index-remapping-597"></a> -The Afm2tfm program creates the TFM and VF files for the virtual font -corresponding to a PostScript font by <dfn>reencoding</dfn> the PostScript -font. Afm2tfm generates these files from two encodings: one for TeX -and one for PostScript. The TeX encoding is used to map character -numbers to character names while the PostScript encoding is used to map -each character name to a possibly different number. In combination, you -can get access to any character of a PostScript font at any position for -TeX typesetting. - - <p>In the default case, when you specify none of the <code>-t</code>, <code>-p</code>, -or <code>-T</code> options, Afm2tfm uses a default TeX encoding (which -mostly corresponds to the Computer Modern text fonts) and the PostScript -encoding found in the AFM file being read. The reencoding is also -sometimes called a <dfn>remapping</dfn>. - - <p>For example, the default encodings reencode the acute accent in two -steps: first the default TeX encoding maps the number 19 to the -character name ‘<samp><span class="samp">acute</span></samp>’; then the default PostScript encoding, as -found in the AFM file for an ordinary PostScript font, maps the -character name ‘<samp><span class="samp">acute</span></samp>’ to the number 194. (The PostScript encoding -works in reverse, by looking in the encoding vector for the name and -then yielding the corresponding number.) The combined mapping of 19 to -194 shows up explicitly in the VF file and also implicitly in the fact -that the properties of PostScript character 194 appear in position 19 of -the TFM file for the virtual font. - - <p><a name="index-accents_002c-in-wrong-position-598"></a><a name="index-Hungarian-umlaut-599"></a><a name="index-dot-accent-600"></a><a name="index-Scandinavian-A-ring-601"></a><a name="index-A-ring_002c-Scandinavian-letter-602"></a>The default encoding of the distributed fonts (e.g., <samp><span class="file">ptmr.tfm</span></samp>) -mostly follows plain TeX conventions for accents. The exceptions: -the Hungarian umlaut (which is at position <code>0x7D</code> in ‘<samp><span class="samp">cmr10</span></samp>’, -but position <code>0xCD</code> in ‘<samp><span class="samp">ptmr</span></samp>’); the dot accent (at positions -<code>0x5F</code> and <code>0xC7</code>, respectively); and the Scandinavian A ring -<code>\AA</code>, whose definition needs different tweaking. In order to use -these accents with PostScript fonts or in math mode when -<code>\textfont0</code> is a PostScript font, you will need to use the -following definitions. These definitions will not work with the -Computer Modern fonts for the relevant accents. They are already part -of the distributed <samp><span class="file">psfonts.sty</span></samp> for use with LaTeX. - - <p><a name="index-g_t_005cH-603"></a><a name="index-g_t_005c_002e-604"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cdot-605"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cAA-606"></a> -<pre class="example"> \def\H#1{{\accent"CD #1}} - \def\.#1{{\accent"C7 #1}} - \def\dot{\mathaccent"70C7 } - \newdimen\aadimen - \def\AA{\leavevmode\setbox0\hbox{h}\aadimen\ht0 - \advance\aadimen-1ex\setbox0\hbox{A}\rlap{\raise.67\aadimen - \hbox to \wd0{\hss\char'27\hss}}A} -</pre> - <p><a name="index-CODINGSCHEME-607"></a>As a kind of summary, here are the ‘<samp><span class="samp">CODINGSCHEME</span></samp>’s that result from -the various possible choices for reencoding. - - <dl> -<dt>default encoding<dd> - <pre class="example"> (CODINGSCHEME TeX text + AdobeStandardEncoding) -</pre> - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-p dc.enc</span></samp>’<dd> - <pre class="example"> (CODINGSCHEME TeX text + DCEncoding) -</pre> - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-t dc.enc</span></samp>’<dd> - <pre class="example"> (CODINGSCHEME DCEncoding + AdobeStandardEncoding) -</pre> - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-T dc.enc</span></samp>’<dd> - <pre class="example"> (CODINGSCHEME DCEncoding + DCEncoding) -</pre> - </dl> - -<p class="noindent">The ‘<samp><span class="samp">CODINGSCHEME</span></samp>’ line appears in the VPL file but is -ignored by Dvips. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Encoding-file-format"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a> - -</div> - -<h5 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.5 Encoding file format</h5> - -<p><a name="index-encoding-file-format-608"></a> -Afm2tfm's encoding files have the same format as an encoding vector in a -PostScript font. Here is a skeletal example: - -<pre class="example"> % <span class="roman">Comments are ignored, unless the first word after the percent sign</span> - % <span class="roman">is ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">LIGKERN</span></samp><span class="roman">’; see below.</span> - /MyEncoding [ % <span class="roman">exactly 256 entries follow, each with a leading ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp><span class="roman">’</span> - /Alpha /Beta /Gamma /Delta ... - /A /B ... /Z - ... /.notdef /xfooaccent /yfooaccent /zfooaccent - ] def -</pre> - <p>These encoding files are downloaded as part of changing the encoding at -the PostScript level (see the previous section). - - <p><a name="index-comments_002c-in-encoding-files-609"></a>Comments, which start with a percent sign and continue until the end -of the line, are ignored unless they start with ‘<samp><span class="samp">LIGKERN</span></samp>’ (see below). - - <p>The first non-comment word of the file must start with a forward slash -‘<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>’ (i.e., a PostScript literal name) and defines the name of the -encoding. The next word must be an left bracket ‘<samp><span class="samp">[</span></samp>’. Following -that must be precisely 256 character names; use ‘<samp><span class="samp">/.notdef</span></samp>’ for any -that you want to leave undefined. Then there must be a matching right -bracket <code>]</code>. A final ‘<samp><span class="samp">def</span></samp>’ token is optional. All names are -case-sensitive. - - <p>Any ligature or kern information is given as a comment. If the first -word after the ‘<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>’ is ‘<samp><span class="samp">LIGKERN</span></samp>’, then the entire rest of the -line is parsed for ligature and kern information. This ligature and -kern information is given in groups of words: each group is terminated -by a space and a semicolon and (unless the semicolon is at the end of a -line) another space. - - <p><a name="index-LIGKERN-_0040r_007bencoding-file-command_007d-610"></a>In these <code>LIGKERN</code> statements, three types of information may be -specified. These three types are ligature pairs, kerns to ignore, and -the character value of this font's boundary character. - - <p><a name="index-boundary-character-611"></a>Throughout a <code>LIGKERN</code> statement, the boundary character is -specified as ‘<samp><span class="samp">||</span></samp>’. To set the font's boundary character value for -TeX: - -<pre class="example"> % LIGKERN || = 39 ; -</pre> - <p>To indicate a kern to remove, give the names of the two characters -(without the leading slash) separated by ‘<samp><span class="samp">{}</span></samp>’, as in ‘<samp><span class="samp">one -{} one ;</span></samp>’. This is intended to be reminiscent of the way you might -use ‘<samp><span class="samp">{}</span></samp>’ in a TeX file to turn off ligatures or kerns at a -particular location. Either or both of the character names can be given -as ‘<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>’, which is a wild card matching any character; thus, all -kerns can be removed with ‘<samp><span class="samp">* {} * ;</span></samp>’. - - <p><a name="index-ligature-operations-612"></a><a name="index-Metafont-ligature-operations-613"></a>To specify a ligature, specify the names of the pair of characters, -followed by the ligature operation (as in Metafont), followed by the -replacing character name. Either (but not both) of the first two -characters can be ‘<samp><span class="samp">||</span></samp>’ to indicate a word boundary. - - <p><a name="index-g_t_003d_003a-_0040r_007bligature-operation_007d-614"></a>The most common operation is ‘<samp><span class="samp">=:</span></samp>’ meaning that both characters are -removed and replaced by the third character, but by adding the ‘<samp><span class="samp">|</span></samp>’ -character on either side of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">=:</span></samp>’, you can retain either or both -of the two leading characters. In addition, by suffixing the ligature -operation with one or two ‘<samp><span class="samp">></span></samp>’ signs, you can make the ligature -scanning operation skip that many resulting characters before -proceeding. This works just like in Metafont. For example, the `fi' -ligature is specified with ‘<samp><span class="samp">f i =: fi ;</span></samp>’<!-- /@w -->. A more convoluted -ligature is ‘<samp><span class="samp">one one |=:|>> exclam ;</span></samp>’ which separates a pair of -adjacent <code>1</code>'s with an exclamation point, and then skips over two -of the resulting characters before continuing searching for ligatures -and kerns. You cannot give more <tt>></tt>'s than <tt>|</tt>'s in an ligature -operation, so there are a total of eight possibilities: - -<pre class="example"> =: |=: |=:> =:| =:|> |=:| |=:|> |=:|>> -</pre> - <p>The default set of ligatures and kerns built in to Afm2tfm is: - -<pre class="example"> % LIGKERN question quoteleft =: questiondown ; - % LIGKERN exclam quoteleft =: exclamdown ; - % LIGKERN hyphen hyphen =: endash ; endash hyphen =: emdash ; - % LIGKERN quoteleft quoteleft =: quotedblleft ; - % LIGKERN quoteright quoteright =: quotedblright ; - % LIGKERN space {} * ; * {} space ; 0 {} * ; * {} 0 ; - % LIGKERN 1 {} * ; * {} 1 ; 2 {} * ; * {} 2 ; 3 {} * ; * {} 3 ; - % LIGKERN 4 {} * ; * {} 4 ; 5 {} * ; * {} 5 ; 6 {} * ; * {} 6 ; - % LIGKERN 7 {} * ; * {} 7 ; 8 {} * ; * {} 8 ; 9 {} * ; * {} 9 ; -</pre> - <div class="node"> -<a name="Special-font-effects"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">6.3.2 Special font effects</h4> - -<p><a name="index-oblique-fonts-615"></a><a name="index-slanted-fonts-616"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-slanted-617"></a>Besides the reencodings described in the previous section, Afm2tfm can -do other manipulations. (Again, it's best to use the prebuilt fonts -rather than attempting to remake them.) - - <p>‘<samp><span class="samp">-s </span><var>slant</var></samp>’ makes an obliqued variant, as in: - -<pre class="example"> afm2tfm Times-Roman -s .167 -v ptmro rptmro -</pre> - <p class="noindent">This creates <samp><span class="file">ptmro.vpl</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">rptmro.tfm</span></samp>. To use this font, -put the line - - <p><a name="index-SlantFont-618"></a> -<pre class="example"> rptmro Times-Roman ".167 SlantFont" -</pre> - <p class="noindent"><a name="index-psfonts_002emap-619"></a>into <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>. Then ‘<samp><span class="samp">rptmro</span></samp>’ (our name for the obliqued -Times) will act as if it were a resident font, although it is actually -constructed from Times-Roman via the PostScript routine <code>SlantFont</code> -(which will slant everything 1/6 to the right, in this case). - - <p><a name="index-expanded-fonts-620"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-expanded-621"></a>Similarly, you can get an expanded font with - -<pre class="example"> afm2tfm Times-Roman -e 1.2 -v ptmrre rptmrre -</pre> - <p class="noindent">and by recording the pseudo-resident font -<a name="index-ExtendFont-622"></a> -<pre class="example"> rptmrre Times-Roman "1.2 ExtendFont" -</pre> - <p class="noindent">in <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>. - - <p>You can also create a small caps font with a command such as -<a name="index-small-caps-fonts-623"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-small-caps-624"></a> -<pre class="example"> afm2tfm Times-Roman -V ptmrc rptmrc -</pre> - <p class="noindent">This will generate a set of pseudo-small caps mapped into the usual -lowercase positions and scaled down to 0.8 of the normal cap -dimensions. You can also specify the scaling as something other than -the default 0.8: - -<pre class="example"> afm2tfm Times-Roman -c 0.7 -V ptmrc rptmrc -</pre> - <p>It is unfortunately not possible to increase the width of the small caps -independently of the rest of the font. If you want a really -professional looking set of small caps, you need to acquire a small caps -font. - - <p><a name="index-PaintType-625"></a><a name="index-outline-fonts-626"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-outlined-627"></a>To change the <code>PaintType</code> in a font from filled (0) to outlined -(2), you can add <code>"/PaintType 2 store"</code> to <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>, as -in the following: - -<pre class="example"> rphvrl Helvetica "/PaintType 2 store" -</pre> - <p>Afm2tfm writes to standard output the line you need to add to -<samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> to use that font, assuming the font is resident in -the printer; if the font is not resident, you must add the -‘<samp><span class="samp"><</span><var>filename</var></samp>’ command to download the font. Each identical -line only needs to be specified once in the ‘<samp><span class="samp">psfonts.map</span></samp>’ file, -even though many different fonts (small caps variants, or ones with -different output encodings) may be based on it. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Afm2tfm-options"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">6.3.3 Afm2tfm options</h4> - -<p><a name="index-options_002c-to-Afm2tfm-628"></a><a name="index-afm2tfm-options-629"></a> -Synopsis: -<pre class="example"> afm2tfm [<var>option</var>]... <var>afmfile</var>[.afm] [<var>tfmfile</var>[.tfm]] -</pre> - <p>Afm2tfm reads <var>afmfile</var> and writes a corresponding (but raw) TFM -file. If <var>tfmfile</var> is not supplied, the base name of the AFM file is -extended with ‘<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>’ to get the output filename. - - <p>The simplest example: - -<pre class="example"> afm2tfm Times-Roman rptmr -</pre> - <p><a name="index-accents_002c-wrong-630"></a>The TFM file thus created is <dfn>raw</dfn> because it omits ligature and -kern information, and does no character remapping; it simply contains -the character information in the AFM file in TFM form, which is the form -that TeX understands. The characters have the same code in the TFM -file as in the AFM file. For text fonts, this means printable ASCII -characters will work ok, but little else, because standard PostScript -fonts have a different encoding scheme than the one that plain TeX -expects (see <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>). Although both schemes agree for the -printable ASCII characters, other characters such as ligatures and -accents vary. Thus, in practice, it's almost always desirable to create -a virtual font as well with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">-V</span></samp>’ option. -See <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a>. - - <p>The command line options to Afm2tfm: - - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-c </span><var>ratio</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dc-_0040var_007bratio_007d-631"></a><a name="index-scaling-small-caps-632"></a>See ‘<samp><span class="samp">-V</span></samp>’; overrides the default ratio of 0.8 for the -scaling of small caps. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-e </span><var>ratio</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002de-_0040var_007bratio_007d-633"></a><a name="index-expanded-fonts-634"></a><a name="index-condensed-fonts-635"></a>Stretch characters horizontally by <var>ratio</var>; if less than 1.0, you -get a condensed font. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-O</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dO-636"></a><a name="index-octal-character-codes-637"></a>Output all character codes in the ‘<samp><span class="samp">vpl</span></samp>’ file as octal numbers, not -names; this is useful for symbol or other special-purpose fonts where -character names such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">A</span></samp>’ have no meaning. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-p </span><var>ps-enc</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dp-_0040var_007bps_002denc_007d-638"></a>Use <var>ps-enc</var> for the destination (PostScript) encoding of the font; -<var>ps-enc</var> must be mentioned as a header file for the font in -‘<samp><span class="samp">psfonts.map</span></samp>’. -See <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-s </span><var>slant</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ds-_0040var_007bslant_007d-639"></a><a name="index-slanted-fonts_002c-making-640"></a>Slant characters to the right by <var>slant</var>. If <var>slant</var> is -negative, the letters slope to the left (or they might be upright if you -start with an italic font). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-t </span><var>tex-enc</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007btex_002denc_007d-641"></a>Use <var>tex-enc</var> for the target (TeX) encoding of the font. -Ligature and kern information may also be specified in <var>file</var>. -<var>file</var> is not mentioned in <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-T </span><var>ps-tex-enc</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007bps_002dtex_002denc_007d-642"></a>Use <var>ps-tex-enc</var> for both the PostScript and target TeX encodings -of the font. Equivalent to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p </span><var>file</var><span class="samp"> -t </span><var>file</var></samp>’. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-u</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002du-643"></a>Use only those characters specified in the TeX encoding, and no -others. By default, Afm2tfm tries to include all characters in the -input font, even those not present in the TeX encoding (it puts them -into otherwise-unused positions, arbitrarily). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-v </span><var>vpl-file</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dv-_0040var_007bvpl_002dfile_007d-644"></a>Output a VPL (virtual property list) file, as well as a TFM file. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-V </span><var>vpl-file</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dV-_0040var_007bvpl_002dfile_007d-645"></a>Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>’, but the virtual font generated is a pseudo small caps -font obtained by scaling uppercase letters by 0.8 to typeset -lowercase. This font handles accented letters and retains proper -kerning. -</dl> - -<div class="node"> -<a name="psfonts.map"></a> -<a name="psfonts_002emap"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a> - -</div> - -<h3 class="section">6.4 <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>: PostScript font catalog</h3> - -<p><a name="index-psfonts_002emap-646"></a><a name="index-non_002dresident-fonts-647"></a><a name="index-downloading-PostScript-fonts-648"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-downloading-649"></a> -The <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> file associates a PostScript font with related -files and constructs. Each line has the format: - -<pre class="example"> <var>filename</var> <var>PostScript-name</var> <var>options</var> -</pre> - <p><a name="index-g_t_003c-_0040r_007bfont-downloading_007d-650"></a>For example, the line -<pre class="example"> rpstrn StoneInformal <StoneInformal.pfb -</pre> - <p class="noindent">causes Dvips to download <samp><span class="file">StoneInformal.pfb</span></samp> (just as if it were -a header file, see <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a>) if the DVI file (or a virtual -font, see <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>) references the TFM file ‘<samp><span class="samp">rpstrn</span></samp>’. -The PostScript <code>/FontName</code> of the font defined inside the ‘<samp><span class="samp">pfb</span></samp>’ -file should be <code>StoneInformal</code>. - - <p><a name="index-transforming-downloaded-fonts-651"></a><a name="index-expanded-fonts-652"></a><a name="index-wide-fonts-653"></a><a name="index-narrow-fonts-654"></a>You can generate transformed fonts with a line like this: -<pre class="example"> rpstrc StoneInformal <StoneInformal.pfb ".8 ExtendFont" -</pre> - <p class="noindent">See <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a>, for a -complete list of font effects. - - <p><a name="index-reencoding-PostScript-fonts-655"></a>You can change the encoding of the Type 1 font at the PostScript -level with a ‘<samp><span class="samp">ReEncodeFont</span></samp>’ instruction, plus the name of the -encoding file. This allows you access to characters that may be present -in the Type 1 font file, but not encoded by default—most of the -preaccented characters, for example. An example: -<pre class="smallexample"> pstrn8r StoneInformal "TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont" <8r.enc <pstrn8a.pfb -</pre> - <p><a name="index-g_t8r-font-encoding-656"></a><a name="index-base-encoding_002c-recommended-657"></a>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">8r</span></samp>’ encoding mentioned here has been designed to serve as a -base for all downloadable fonts; it allows access to all the characters -commonly present in a Type 1 font. For more details, see the -<samp><span class="file">8r.enc</span></samp> source file that comes with (and is installed with) Dvips. - - <p><a name="index-g_t_003c_005b-_0040r_007bencoding-vector-downloading_007d-658"></a>You may notice that the same syntax is used for downloading encoding -vectors and Type 1 font files. To make your intentions clear, you can -also use ‘<samp><span class="samp"><[</span></samp>’ to explicitly indicate you are downloading an -encoding vector, as in: -<pre class="smallexample"> pstrn8r StoneInformal "TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont" <[8r.enc <pstrn8a.pfb -</pre> - <p><a name="index-g_t_002eenc-_0040r_007bextension-for-encoding-vectors_007d-659"></a>If the filename of your encoding vector does not end in ‘<samp><span class="samp">.enc</span></samp>’, and -you are using partial font downloading, you must use the ‘<samp><span class="samp"><[</span></samp>’ -syntax, or Dvips will not download the font properly. - - <p><a name="index-g_t_002epfa-_0040r_007bextension-required-for-partial-downloading_007d-660"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epfb-_0040r_007bextension-required-for-partial-downloading_007d-661"></a>Similarly, the name of the Type 1 font file itself must have extension -<samp><span class="file">.pfa</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">.pfb</span></samp> for partial downloading to work properly. - - <p><a name="index-pfb-files_002c-automatically-unpacked-662"></a>When using PFB files, Dvips is smart enough to unpack the binary PFB -format into printable ASCII so there is no need to perform this -conversion yourself. In addition, Dvips scans the font to determine its -memory usage, just as it does for other header files (see <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a>). - - <p><a name="index-partial-font-downloading-663"></a><a name="index-downloading-fonts-partially-664"></a>If the ‘<samp><span class="samp">j</span></samp>’ config file or command-line option is enabled (as it -is by default), <samp><span class="file">StoneInformal.pfb</span></samp> will be <dfn>partially -downloaded</dfn>—only those characters your document actually uses will -be extracted and downloaded, and the remainder discarded. -See <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <p><a name="index-whole-font-downloading-665"></a><a name="index-multiple-master-fonts-666"></a><a name="index-Minion-typeface-family-667"></a><a name="index-g_t_003c_003c-_0040r_007bwhole-font-downloading_007d-668"></a>Adobe Multiple Master fonts, such as Minion, cannot be partially -downloaded. To partially download in general, but avoid partial -downloading for individual fonts, use ‘<samp><span class="samp"><<</span></samp>’ instead ‘<samp><span class="samp"><</span></samp>’: -<pre class="example"> pmnr8r Minion <<Minion.pfb -</pre> - <p>Here is a brief summary of how <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> is read: - - <ol type=1 start=1> -<li>If a line is empty or begins with a space, percent, asterisk, -semicolon, or hash mark, it is ignored. - - <li>Otherwise, the line is separated into words, where words are -separated by spaces or tabs, except that if a word begins with a double -quote, it extends until the next double quote or the end of the line. - - <li>If a word starts with ‘<samp><span class="samp"><<</span></samp>’, it is taken as a font file to be -wholly downloaded. Use this to avoid partial downloading, as described -above. - - <li>If a word starts with ‘<samp><span class="samp"><[</span></samp>’, it is taken as an encoding file -to be downloaded. Use this if the name of the encoding file does end in -‘<samp><span class="samp">.enc</span></samp>’, also as described above. - - <li>If a word starts with a ‘<samp><span class="samp"><</span></samp>’ character, it is -treated as a header file that needs to be downloaded. If the name ends -in ‘<samp><span class="samp">.pfa</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">.pfb</span></samp>’, it is taken as Type 1 font file that will -be partially downloaded if the ‘<samp><span class="samp">j</span></samp>’ option is in effect. There can -be more than one such header for a given font. If a ‘<samp><span class="samp"><</span></samp>’ is a word -by itself, the next word is taken as the name of the header file. - - <li>If a word starts with a ‘<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>’ character, it is taken as PostScript -code used in generating that font, and is inserted into the output -verbatim at the appropriate point. (And the double quotes beginning and -ending the word are removed.) - - <li>Otherwise the word is a name. The first such name is the TFM -file, that either a DVI file or a virtual font file can refer to. If -there is a second name, it is used as the PostScript name and should -match what is defined in the downloaded file; if there is only one -name, it is used for both the TeX name and the PostScript name. - - </ol> - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Color"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Index">Index</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> - -</div> - -<h2 class="chapter">7 Color</h2> - -<p><a name="index-color-669"></a> -<a name="index-Hafner_002c-Jim-670"></a>Dvips supports one-pass multi-color printing of TeX documents on any -color PostScript device. Initially added by Jim Hafner, IBM Research, -<a href="mailto:hafner@almaden.ibm.com">hafner@almaden.ibm.com</a>, the color support has gone through many -changes by Tomas Rokicki. Besides the source code support itself, there -are additional TeX macro files: ‘<samp><span class="samp">colordvi.tex</span></samp>’ and -‘<samp><span class="samp">blackdvi.tex</span></samp>’, and corresponding ‘<samp><span class="samp">.sty</span></samp>’ versions for use with -LaTeX. - - <p>In this section we describe the use of color from the document -preparer's point of view and then add some instructions on installation -for the TeX administrator. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a>: TeX macro definitions. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a>: Adding your own colors. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Color-subtleties">Color subtleties</a>: Subtleties in using color. -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Ted-Turner">Ted Turner</a>: Printing in black/white after colorizing. -<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a>: Configuring Dvips for color devices. -<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Color-support-details">Color support details</a>: Color support details -</ul> - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Color-macro-files"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a> - -</div> - -<h3 class="section">7.1 Color macro files</h3> - -<p><a name="index-macros-for-color-671"></a><a name="index-color-macros-672"></a> -All the color macro commands are defined in ‘<samp><span class="samp">colordvi.tex</span></samp>’ (or -‘<samp><span class="samp">colordvi.sty</span></samp>’). To access these macros simply add to the top of -your plain TeX file the command: -<pre class="example"> \input colordvi -</pre> - <p class="noindent">For (the obsolete) LaTeX 2.09, add the ‘<samp><span class="samp">colordvi</span></samp>’ style option as in: -<pre class="example"> \documentstyle[12pt,colordvi]{article} -</pre> - <p class="noindent">For LaTeX 2e, these examples are not applicable. Instead, please see -the documentation for the graphics package, available from -<samp><var>CTAN</var><span class="file">:doc/latex/graphics/</span></samp>. See also -<samp><var>CTAN</var><span class="file">:doc/epslatex.ps</span></samp>. - - <p><a name="index-Crayola-crayon-box-673"></a><a name="index-Pantone-colors-674"></a><a name="index-color-names_002c-mixed-case-675"></a>These macros provide two basic kinds of color macros: ones for local -color changes (a few words, a single symbol) and one for global color -changes (the whole document). All the color names use a mixed case -scheme to avoid conflicts with other macros. There are 68 predefined -colors, with names taken primarily from the Crayola crayon box of 64 -colors, and one pair of macros for the user to set his own color pattern -(see <a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a>). You can browse the file -‘<samp><span class="samp">colordvi.tex</span></samp>’ for a list of the predefined colors. The comments -in this file also show a rough correspondence between the crayon names -and Pantones. - - <p>A local color command has the form - -<pre class="example"> \<var>ColorName</var>{this is the color <var>ColorName</var>} -</pre> - <p><a name="index-g_t_005c_0040var_007bColorName_007d-676"></a>where <var>ColorName</var> is the name of a predefined color, e.g., -‘<samp><span class="samp">Blue</span></samp>’. As shown, these macros take one argument, the text to -print in the specified color. This can be used for nested color changes -since it restores the original color state when it completes. For -example: - -<pre class="example"> This text is normal but here we are \Red{switching to red, - \Blue{nesting blue}, recovering the red} and back to original. -</pre> - <p class="noindent"><a name="index-color-nesting-level-677"></a>The color nesting level has no hard limit, but it is not advisable to -nest too deeply lest you and the reader lose track of the color history. - - <p>The global color command has the form - -<pre class="example"> \text<var>ColorName</var> -</pre> - <p class="noindent"><a name="index-g_t_005ctext_0040var_007bColorName_007d-678"></a>These macros take no arguments and changes the default color from that -point on to <var>ColorName</var>. This of course can be overridden globally -by another such command or locally by local color commands. For example, -expanding on the example above, we might have - -<pre class="example"> \textGreen - This text is green but here we are \Red{switching to red, - \Blue{nesting blue}, recovering the red} and back to - original green. - \textCyan - The text from here on will be cyan until - \Yellow{locally changed to yellow}. Now we are back to cyan. -</pre> - <p>The color commands will even work in math mode and across math mode -boundaries. This means that if you have a color before going into math -mode, the mathematics will be set in that color as well. In alignment -environments like <code>\halign</code>, ‘<samp><span class="samp">tabular</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">eqnarray</span></samp>’, -local color commands cannot extend beyond the alignment characters. - - <p>Because local color commands respect only some environment and -delimiter changes besides their own, care must be taken in setting -their scope. It is best not to have them stretch too far. - - <p>At the present time there are no macros for color environments in LaTeX -which might have a larger range. This is primarily to keep the TeX -and LaTeX use compatible. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="User-definable-colors"></a> -<a name="User_002ddefinable-colors"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Color-subtleties">Color subtleties</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a> - -</div> - -<h3 class="section">7.2 User-definable colors</h3> - -<p><a name="index-user_002ddefinable-colors-679"></a><a name="index-colors_002c-user_002ddefinable-680"></a> -There are two ways for the user to specify colors not already defined. -For local changes, there is the command <code>\Color</code> which takes two -arguments. The first argument is four numbers between zero and one and -specifies the intensity of cyan, magenta, yellow and black (CMYK) in -that order. The second argument is the text that should appear in the -given color. For example, suppose you want the words “this color is -pretty” to appear in a color which is 50% cyan, 85% magenta, 40% yellow -and 20% black. You would use the command - -<pre class="example"> \Color{.5 .85 .4 .2}{this color is pretty} -</pre> - <p>For global color changes, there is a command <code>\textColor</code> which -takes one argument, the CMYK quadruple of relative color intensities. -For example, if you want the default color to be as above, then the -command - -<pre class="example"> \textColor{.5 .85 .4 .2} - The text from now on will be this pretty color -</pre> - <p class="noindent">will do the trick. - - <p>Making a global color change in the midst of nested local colors is -highly discouraged. Consequently, Dvips will give you warning message -and do its best to recover by discarding the current color history. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Color-subtleties"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Ted-Turner">Ted Turner</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a> - -</div> - -<h3 class="section">7.3 Color subtleties</h3> - -<p><a name="index-color-subtleties-681"></a> -Color macros are defined via <code>\special</code> keywords. As such, they -are put in the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.dvi</span></samp>’ file only as explicit message strings to the -driver. The (unpleasant) result is that certain unprotected regions of -the text can have unwanted color side effects. For example, if a color -region is split by TeX across a page boundary, then the footers of -the current page (e.g., the page number) and the headers of the next -page can inherit that color. To avoid this effect globally, users -should make sure that these special regions of the text are defined with -their own local color commands. For example, to protect the -header and footer in plain TeX, use - -<pre class="example"> \headline{\Black{My Header}} - \footline{\Black{\hss\tenrm\folio\hss}} -</pre> - <p>This warning also applies to figures and other insertions, so be careful! - - <p>Of course, in LaTeX, this is much more difficult to do because of the -complexity of the macros that control these regions. This is -unfortunate but inevitable, because TeX and LaTeX were -not written with color in mind. - - <p>Even when writing your own macros, much care must be taken. The macros -that `colorize' a portion of the text work prefix the text work by -outputting one <code>\special</code> command to turn the color on before the -text, and outputting another <code>\special</code> command afterwards to -restore the original color. It is often useful to ensure that TeX is -in horizontal mode before the first special command is issued; this can -be done by prefixing the color command with <code>\leavevmode</code>. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Ted-Turner"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Color-subtleties">Color subtleties</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a> - -</div> - -<h3 class="section">7.4 Printing in black/white after colorizing</h3> - -<p>If you have a TeX or LaTeX document written with color macros and -you want to print it in black and white there are two options. On all -(good) PostScript devices, printing a color file will print in -corresponding gray levels. This is useful to get a rough idea of the -colors without using expensive color printing devices. The second -option is to replace the call to input <samp><span class="file">colordvi.tex</span></samp> with -‘<samp><span class="samp">blackdvi.tex</span></samp>’ (and similarly for the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.sty</span></samp>’ files). So in -the above example, replacing the word ‘<samp><span class="samp">colordvi</span></samp>’ with -‘<samp><span class="samp">blackdvi</span></samp>’ suffices. <samp><span class="file">blackdvi.tex</span></samp> defines the color macros -as no-ops, and so will produce normal black/white printing. By this -simple mechanism, the user can switch to all black/white printing -without having to ferret out the color commands. Also, some device -drivers, particularly non-PostScript ones like screen previewers, will -simply ignore the color commands and so print in black/white. -Hopefully, in the future screen previewers for color displays will be -compatible with some form of color support. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Color-device-configuration"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Color-support-details">Color support details</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Ted-Turner">Ted Turner</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a> - -</div> - -<h3 class="section">7.5 Color device configuration</h3> - -<p><a name="index-color-configuration-682"></a><a name="index-configuration_002c-of-color-devices-683"></a> -To configure Dvips for a particular color device you need to fine tune -the color parameters to match your device's color rendition. To do this, -you will need a Pantone chart for your device. The header file -‘<samp><span class="samp">color.lpro</span></samp>’ shows a (rough) correspondence between the Crayola -crayon names and the Pantone numbers and also defines default CMYK -values for each of the colors. Note that these colors must be defined -in CMYK terms and not RGB, as Dvips outputs PostScript color commands in -CMYK. This header file also defines (if they are not known to the -interpreter) the PostScript commands ‘<samp><span class="samp">setcmykcolor</span></samp>’ and -‘<samp><span class="samp">currentcmykcolor</span></samp>’ in terms of a RGB equivalent so if your device -only understands RGB, there should be no problem. - - <p><a name="index-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration-684"></a><a name="index-Tektronix-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration-685"></a>The parameters set in this file were determined by comparing the Pantone -chart of a Tektronix Phaser printer with the actual Crayola Crayons. -Because these were defined for a particular device, the actual color -rendition on your device may be very different. There are two ways to -adjust this. One is to use the PAntone chart for your device to rewrite -‘<samp><span class="samp">color.lpro</span></samp>’ prior to compilation and installation. A better -alternative, which supports multiple devices, is to add a header file -option in the configuration file (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>) -for each device that defines, in ‘<samp><span class="samp">userdict</span></samp>’, the color parameters -for those colors that need redefining. - - <p>For example, if you need to change the parameters defining -‘<samp><span class="samp">Goldenrod</span></samp>’ (approximately Pantone 109 on the Phaser) for your -device ‘<samp><span class="samp">mycolordev</span></samp>’, do the following. In the Pantone chart for -your device, find the CMYK values for Pantone 109. Let's say they are -‘<samp><span class="samp">{\ 0 0.10 0.75 0.03 }</span></samp>’. Then create a header file named -‘<samp><span class="samp">mycolordev.pro</span></samp>’ with the commands - -<pre class="example"> userdict begin - /Goldenrod { 0 0.10 0.75 0.03 setcmykcolor} bind def -</pre> - <p class="noindent">Finally, in ‘<samp><span class="samp">config.mycolordev</span></samp>’ add the line - -<pre class="example"> h mycolordev.pro -</pre> - <p class="noindent">This will then define ‘<samp><span class="samp">Goldenrod</span></samp>’ in your device's CMYK values in -<samp><span class="file">userdict</span></samp> which is checked before defining it in <samp><span class="file">TeXdict</span></samp> by -<samp><span class="file">color.pro</span></samp>. (On MS-DOS, you will have to call this file -<samp><span class="file">mycolordev.cfg</span></samp>.) - - <p>This mechanism, together with additions to <samp><span class="file">colordvi.tex</span></samp> and -<samp><span class="file">blackdvi.tex</span></samp> (and the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.sty</span></samp>’ files), can also be used to -predefine other colors for your users. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Color-support-details"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a> - -</div> - -<h3 class="section">7.6 Color support details</h3> - -<p>To support color, Dvips recognizes a certain set of specials. These -specials start with the keyword ‘<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>’ or the keyword -‘<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>’, followed by a color specification. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Color-specifications">Color specifications</a> -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Color-specials">Color specials</a> -</ul> - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Color-specifications"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Color-specials">Color specials</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color-support-details">Color support details</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">7.6.1 Color specifications</h4> - -<p><a name="index-color-specifications-686"></a> -What is a color specification? One of three things. First, it might be -a PostScript procedure as defined in a PostScript header file. The -<samp><span class="file">color.pro</span></samp> file defines 64 of these, including ‘<samp><span class="samp">Maroon</span></samp>’. -This PostScript procedure must set the current color to be some value; -in this case, ‘<samp><span class="samp">Maroon</span></samp>’ is defined as ‘<samp><span class="samp">0 0.87 0.68 0.32 -setcmykcolor</span></samp>’. - - <p>The second possibility is the name of a color model (initially, one of -‘<samp><span class="samp">rgb</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">hsb</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">cmyk</span></samp>’, or ‘<samp><span class="samp">gray</span></samp>’) followed by the -appropriate number of parameters. When Dvips encounters such a macro, -it sends out the parameters first, followed by the string created by -prefixing ‘<samp><span class="samp">TeXcolor</span></samp>’ to the color model. Thus, the color -specification ‘<samp><span class="samp">rgb 0.3 0.4 0.5</span></samp>’ would generate the PostScript code -‘<samp><span class="samp">0.3 0.4 0.5 TeXrgbcolor</span></samp>’. Note that the case of zero arguments is -disallowed, as that is handled by the single keyword case -(‘<samp><span class="samp">Maroon</span></samp>’) above, where no changes to the name are made before it -is sent to the PostScript file. - - <p>The third and final type of color specification is a double quote -followed by any sequence of PostScript. The double quote is stripped -from the output. For instance, the color specification -‘<samp><span class="samp">"AggiePattern setpattern</span></samp>’ will set the `color' to the Aggie logo -pattern (assuming such exists.) - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Color-specials"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Color-specifications">Color specifications</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color-support-details">Color support details</a> - -</div> - -<h4 class="subsection">7.6.2 Color specials</h4> - -<p>We will describe ‘<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>’ first, since it is the simplest. The -‘<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>’ keyword must be followed by a color specification. -That color specification is used as a fill color for the background. -The last ‘<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>’ special on a page is the one that gets -issued, and it gets issued at the very beginning of the page, before any -text or specials are sent. (This is possible because the prescan phase -of Dvips notices all of the color specials so that the appropriate -information can be written out during the second phase.) - - <p>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>’ special itself has three forms. -The first is just ‘<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>’ followed by a color specification. In -this case, the current global color is set to that color; the color stack -must be empty when such a command is executed. - - <p>The second form is ‘<samp><span class="samp">color push</span></samp>’ followed by a color specification. -This saves the current color on the color stack and sets the color to be -that given by the color specification. This is the most common way to -set a color. - - <p>The final version of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>’ special is just ‘<samp><span class="samp">color pop</span></samp>’, -with no color specification; this says to pop the color last pushed on -the color stack from the color stack and set the current color to be -that color. - - <p>Dvips correctly handles these color specials across pages, even when the -pages are repeated or reversed. - - <p>These color specials can be used for things such as patterns or screens -as well as simple colors. However, note that in the PostScript, only -one color specification can be active at a time. For instance, at the -beginning of a page, only the bottommost entry on the color stack is -sent; also, when a color is popped, all that is done is that the color -specification from the previous stack entry is sent. No ‘<samp><span class="samp">gsave</span></samp>’ or -‘<samp><span class="samp">grestore</span></samp>’ is used. This means that you cannot easily mix usage of -the ‘<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>’ specials for screens and colors, just one or the other. -This may be addressed in the future by adding support for different -categories of color-like state. - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Index"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Color">Color</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> - -</div> - -<h2 class="unnumbered">Index</h2> - -<ul class="index-cp" compact> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0021-_0040r_007bspecial-_0028literal-PS-header_0029_007d-459"><code>! </code><span class="roman">special (literal PS header)</span></a>: <a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0021-_0040r_007bstarting-output-filename_007d-180"><code>! </code><span class="roman">starting output filename</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0022-_0040r_007bspecial-_0028literal-PostScript_0029_007d-452"><code>" </code><span class="roman">special (literal PostScript)</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_0022-special">" special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025BoundingBox-365"><code>%%BoundingBox</code></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-and-multi_002dpage-information_007d-469"><code>%%Page</code><span class="roman">, and multi-page information</span></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-not-generating_007d-169"><code>%%Page</code><span class="roman">, not generating</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-removing_007d-145"><code>%%Page</code><span class="roman">, removing</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-required-by-Ghostview_007d-45"><code>%%Page</code><span class="roman">, required by Ghostview</span></a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025VMusage-449"><code>%%VMusage</code></a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_002aFont-421"><code>%*Font</code></a>: <a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0028atend_0029_0040r_007b_002c-bounding-box-specification_007d-367"><code>(atend)</code><span class="roman">, bounding box specification</span></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002b_0040var_007bpsmapfile_007d-304"><code>+</code><var>psmapfile</var></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d-84"><code>-</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d-_0040r_007bas-output-filename_007d-179"><code>- </code><span class="roman">as output filename</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-87"><code>--help</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-82"><code>--help</code></a>: <a href="#Option-summary">Option summary</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dversion-88"><code>--version</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dA-91"><code>-A</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002da-89"><code>-a</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dB-97"><code>-B</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002db-_0040var_007bnum_007d-93"><code>-b </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dC-_0040var_007bnum_007d-104"><code>-C </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dc-_0040var_007bnum_007d-100"><code>-c </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dc-_0040var_007bratio_007d-631"><code>-c </code><var>ratio</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dD-_0040var_007bnum_007d-109"><code>-D </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dd-_0040var_007bnum_007d-107"><code>-d </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dE-115"><code>-E</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002de-_0040var_007bnum_007d-111"><code>-e </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002de-_0040var_007bratio_007d-633"><code>-e </code><var>ratio</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dF-124"><code>-F</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002df-119"><code>-f</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dG-129"><code>-G</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dh-_0040var_007bname_007d-132"><code>-h </code><var>name</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002di-135"><code>-i</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dj-_0040r_007bfor-partial-font-downloading_007d-139"><code>-j </code><span class="roman">for partial font downloading</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dK-143"><code>-K</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dk-_0040r_007bfor-cropmarks_007d-140"><code>-k </code><span class="roman">for cropmarks</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dl-_005b_003d_005d_0040var_007bnum_007d-146"><code>-l [=]</code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dM-157"><code>-M</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dm-151"><code>-m</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmode-154"><code>-mode</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmode-_0040var_007bmode_007d-153"><code>-mode </code><var>mode</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dN-166"><code>-N</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dn-_0040var_007bnum_007d-163"><code>-n </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dnoomega-170"><code>-noomega</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dnoptex-173"><code>-noptex</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dO-636"><code>-O</code></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002do-_0040var_007bname_007d-175"><code>-o </code><var>name</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dO-_0040var_007bx_002doffset_007d_002c_0040var_007by_002doffset_007d-184"><code>-O </code><var>x-offset</var><code>,</code><var>y-offset</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dp-_005b_003d_005d_0040var_007bnum_007d-189"><code>-p [=]</code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dP-_0040var_007bprinter_007d-197"><code>-P </code><var>printer</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dp-_0040var_007bps_002denc_007d-638"><code>-p </code><var>ps-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dp-_0040var_007bps_002denc_007d-590"><code>-p </code><var>ps-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dpp-_0040var_007bfirst_007d_002d_0040var_007blast_007d-194"><code>-pp </code><var>first</var><code>-</code><var>last</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dpp-_0040var_007brange_007d-196"><code>-pp </code><var>range</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dP_0040var_007bprinter_007d_0040r_007b_002c-and-config-file-searching_007d-267"><code>-P</code><var>printer</var><span class="roman">, and config file searching</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dq-199"><code>-q</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dR-205"><code>-R</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dr-203"><code>-r</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ds-210"><code>-s</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dS-_0040var_007bnum_007d-212"><code>-S </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ds-_0040var_007bslant_007d-639"><code>-s </code><var>slant</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007benc_002dfile_007d-595"><code>-T </code><var>enc-file</var></a>: <a href="#Changing-both-encodings">Changing both encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007bhsize_007d_002c_0040var_007bvsize_007d-223"><code>-T </code><var>hsize</var><code>,</code><var>vsize</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007bpapertype_007d-213"><code>-t </code><var>papertype</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007bps_002dtex_002denc_007d-642"><code>-T </code><var>ps-tex-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007btex_002denc_007d-641"><code>-t </code><var>tex-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007btex_002denc_007d-586"><code>-t </code><var>tex-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002du-643"><code>-u</code></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dU-227"><code>-U</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002du-_0040var_007bpsmapfile_007d-224"><code>-u </code><var>psmapfile</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dV-230"><code>-V</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dv-229"><code>-v</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dV-_0040var_007bvpl_002dfile_007d-645"><code>-V </code><var>vpl-file</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dv-_0040var_007bvpl_002dfile_007d-644"><code>-v </code><var>vpl-file</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dX-_0040var_007bnum_007d-236"><code>-X </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dx-_0040var_007bnum_007d-234"><code>-x </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dY-_0040var_007bnum_007d-239"><code>-Y </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dz-476"><code>-z</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dZ-_0040r_007bfor-compressing-bitmap-fonts_007d-246"><code>-Z </code><span class="roman">for compressing bitmap fonts</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dz-_0040r_007bfor-recognizing-hyperdvi_007d-241"><code>-z </code><span class="roman">for recognizing hyperdvi</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040file_007b_002e_002e_007d_002drelative-filenames-209"><samp><span class="file">..</span></samp>-relative filenames</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eafm-_0040r_007bAdobe-metric-files_007d-518"><code>.afm </code><span class="roman">Adobe metric files</span></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002edvipsrc_0040r_007b_002c-searched-for_007d-266"><code>.dvipsrc</code><span class="roman">, searched for</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eenc-_0040r_007bextension-for-encoding-vectors_007d-659"><code>.enc </code><span class="roman">extension for encoding vectors</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002elpro-_0040r_007blong-prologue-files_007d-426"><code>.lpro </code><span class="roman">long prologue files</span></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emf-_0040r_007bMetafont-source-files_007d-537"><code>.mf </code><span class="roman">Metafont source files</span></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007dpk-_0040r_007bpacked-font-bitmaps_007d-540"><code>.</code><var>nnn</var><code>pk </code><span class="roman">packed font bitmaps</span></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfa-_0040r_007bextension-required-for-partial-downloading_007d-660"><code>.pfa </code><span class="roman">extension required for partial downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfa-_0040r_007bprinter-font-ascii-files_007d-534"><code>.pfa </code><span class="roman">printer font ascii files</span></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfb-_0040r_007bextension-required-for-partial-downloading_007d-661"><code>.pfb </code><span class="roman">extension required for partial downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfb-_0040r_007bprinter-font-binary-files_007d-535"><code>.pfb </code><span class="roman">printer font binary files</span></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfm-_0040r_007bprinter-font-metric-files_007d-526"><code>.pfm </code><span class="roman">printer font metric files</span></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epl-_0040r_007bproperty-list-files_007d-524"><code>.pl </code><span class="roman">property list files</span></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epro-_0040r_007bprologue-files_007d-425"><code>.pro </code><span class="roman">prologue files</span></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etfm-_0040r_007b_0040TeX_007b_007d-font-metric-files_007d-520"><code>.tfm </code><span class="roman">TeX font metric files</span></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002f_0023copies-94"><code>/#copies</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002fmagscale-392"><code>/magscale</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t612-792-_0040r_007bbounding-box-size_007d-370"><code>612 792 </code><span class="roman">bounding box size</span></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t8r-_0040r_007bencoding_002c-and-extra-characters_007d-594"><code>8r </code><span class="roman">encoding, and extra characters</span></a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t8r-font-encoding-656">8r font encoding</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t8r_002eenc-555"><code>8r.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_003c-_0040r_007bfont-downloading_007d-650"><code>< </code><span class="roman">font downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_003c_003c-_0040r_007bwhole-font-downloading_007d-668"><code><< </code><span class="roman">whole font downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_003c_005b-_0040r_007bencoding-vector-downloading_007d-658"><code><[ </code><span class="roman">encoding vector downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_003d_003a-_0040r_007bligature-operation_007d-614"><code>=: </code><span class="roman">ligature operation</span></a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040_0040-_0040r_007bpaper-size-config-command_007d-273"><code>@ </code><span class="roman">paper size config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005c_002e-604"><code>\.</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cAA-606"><code>\AA</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005c_0040var_007bColorName_007d-676"><code>\</code><var>ColorName</var></a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cdot-605"><code>\dot</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsffile-_0040r_007bmacro_007d-380"><code>\epsffile </code><span class="roman">macro</span></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsfsize-388"><code>\epsfsize</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsfverbosetrue-382"><code>\epsfverbosetrue</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsfxsize-386"><code>\epsfxsize</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsfysize-387"><code>\epsfysize</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cH-603"><code>\H</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cincludegraphics-_0040LaTeX_007b_007d-macro-371">\includegraphics LaTeX macro</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cleavevmode-378"><code>\leavevmode</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cmagnification-391"><code>\magnification</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005crotninety-472"><code>\rotninety</code></a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005ctext_0040var_007bColorName_007d-678"><code>\text</code><var>ColorName</var></a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-a-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028memory-conservation_0029_007d-274"><code>a </code><span class="roman">config command (memory conservation)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-A-ring_002c-Scandinavian-letter-602">A ring, Scandinavian letter</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-a3-papertype-220">a3 papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-a4-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-350"><code>a4 </code><span class="roman">paper size</span></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-a4-papertype-219">a4 papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-A4size-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-352"><code>A4size </code><span class="roman">paper size</span></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-absolute-filenames_002c-disabling-208">absolute filenames, disabling</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-150">absolute page number, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>’</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-193">absolute page number, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>’</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-accents_002c-in-wrong-position-598">accents, in wrong position</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-accents_002c-wrong-630">accents, wrong</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-accuracy-in-positioning-113">accuracy in positioning</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Adobe-fonts-17">Adobe fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Adobe-fonts_002c-installing-22">Adobe fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-afm-files-517">afm files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-afm2tfm-578"><code>afm2tfm</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-afm2tfm-574"><code>afm2tfm</code></a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-afm2tfm-options-629">afm2tfm options</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-after-header_002c-inserting-code-435">after header, inserting code</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Aladdin-Ghostscript-38">Aladdin Ghostscript</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Anderson_002c-Laurie-508">Anderson, Laurie</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-angle-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-405"><code>angle </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-arcs-529">arcs</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ASCII-character-codes_002c-used-by-PostScript-563">ASCII character codes, used by PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-atend_0040r_007b_002c-bounding-box-specification_007d-366"><code>atend</code><span class="roman">, bounding box specification</span></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-b-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028_0023copies_0029_007d-275"><code>b </code><span class="roman">config command (#copies)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-base-511"><code>base</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-base-encoding_002c-recommended-657">base encoding, recommended</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-base-fonts-546">base fonts</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bbfig-368"><code>bbfig</code></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-before-header_002c-inserting-code-434">before header, inserting code</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Bhattacharya_002c-Tanmoy-484">Bhattacharya, Tanmoy</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-big-points-362">big points</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Bigelow-_0026-Holmes-fonts-18">Bigelow & Holmes fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-binary-files_002c-not-supported-76">binary files, not supported</a>: <a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bitmap-fonts-536">bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Bitstream-fonts_002c-installing-23">Bitstream fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040t_007bbop-undefined_007d-error-66"><tt>bop undefined</tt> error</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bop_002dhook-462"><code>bop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bop_002dhook-393"><code>bop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bop_002dhook-357"><code>bop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bop_002dhook_0040r_007b_002c-and-offset-pages_007d-188"><code>bop-hook</code><span class="roman">, and offset pages</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-boundary-character-611">boundary character</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-comment-for-361">bounding box, comment for</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-defined-364">bounding box, defined</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-determining-369">bounding box, determining</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-finding-tight-118">bounding box, finding tight</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-inaccurate-395">bounding box, inaccurate</a>: <a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-379">bounding box, supplying to TeX</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-373">bounding box, supplying to TeX</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-c-_0040r_007binclude-additional-config-file_007d-276"><code>c </code><span class="roman">include additional config file</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-changing-PostScript-encodings-588">changing PostScript encodings</a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-changing-_0040TeX_007b_007d-encodings-584">changing TeX encodings</a>: <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-character-definitions-in-PostScript-571">character definitions in PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-character-lookup-procedure-in-PostScript-561">character lookup procedure in PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-CharStrings-_0040r_007bType-1-dictionary_007d-568"><code>CharStrings </code><span class="roman">Type 1 dictionary</span></a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-clip-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-406"><code>clip </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-clipping-of-EPSF-394">clipping of EPSF</a>: <a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-CODINGSCHEME-607"><code>CODINGSCHEME</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-collated-copies-106">collated copies</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-color-669">color</a>: <a href="#Color">Color</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-color-configuration-682">color configuration</a>: <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-color-macros-672">color macros</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-color-names_002c-mixed-case-675">color names, mixed case</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-color-nesting-level-677">color nesting level</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-color-separations-96">color separations</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-color-specifications-686">color specifications</a>: <a href="#Color-specifications">Color specifications</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-color-subtleties-681">color subtleties</a>: <a href="#Color-subtleties">Color subtleties</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-colors_002c-user_002ddefinable-680">colors, user-definable</a>: <a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-command-line_002c-including-headers-from-439">command line, including headers from</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-command_002dline-options-77">command-line options</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-configuration-files-271">comments, in configuration files</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-encoding-files-609">comments, in encoding files</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-removing-included-144">comments, removing included</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-compilation-3">compilation</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-compressed-PostScript-416">compressed PostScript</a>: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-compressing-bitmap-fonts-247">compressing bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Computer-Modern-in-PostScript-489">Computer Modern in PostScript</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Computer-Modern_002c-encoding-of-550">Computer Modern, encoding of</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-condensed-fonts-635">condensed fonts</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-config_002eproto-10"><code>config.proto</code></a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-config_002eps-198"><code>config.ps</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-config_002eps-_0040r_007binstallation_007d-5"><code>config.ps </code><span class="roman">installation</span></a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-config_002eps-_0040r_007bpaper-sizes_007d-348"><code>config.ps </code><span class="roman">paper sizes</span></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-config_002eps_0040r_007b_002c-searched-for_007d-265"><code>config.ps</code><span class="roman">, searched for</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-options-269">configuration file options</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-paper-size-command-344">configuration file paper size command</a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-path-260">configuration file path</a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-searching-263">configuration file searching</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configuration-files-262">configuration files</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configuration-files_002c-creating-9">configuration files, creating</a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configuration-files_002c-prototype-13">configuration files, prototype</a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configuration_002c-of-color-devices-683">configuration, of color devices</a>: <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configuration_002c-of-Dvips-2">configuration, of Dvips</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-continuation-lines_002c-not-supported-272">continuation lines, not supported</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-control_002dD-126">control-D</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-copies_002c-collated-105">copies, collated</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-copies_002c-duplicated-page-bodies-95">copies, duplicated page bodies</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-copies_002c-uncollated-102">copies, uncollated</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Crayola-crayon-box-673">Crayola crayon box</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-crop_002epro-142"><code>crop.pro</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-cropmarks-141">cropmarks</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-current-font_002c-in-PostScript-564">current font, in PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-D-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028dpi_0029_007d-277"><code>D </code><span class="roman">config command (dpi)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dated-output-467">dated output</a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-datestamp_002c-in-output-281">datestamp, in output</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-debugging-108">debugging</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-debugging-48">debugging</a>: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-debugging-options-49">debugging options</a>: <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-default-resolutions-315">default resolutions</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-default_005ftexsizes-_0040r_007bMake-variable_007d-319"><code>default_texsizes </code><span class="roman">Make variable</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Deutsch_002c-Peter-33">Deutsch, Peter</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-device-dependency_002c-and-virtual-fonts-330">device dependency, and virtual fonts</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007bCharStrings_007d-569">dictionary, <code>CharStrings</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-PostScript-language-565">dictionary, PostScript language</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007bSDict_007d-460">dictionary, <code>SDict</code></a>: <a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007buserdict_007d-428">dictionary, <code>userdict</code></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-distillation_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dz_007d-243">distillation, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-z</span></samp>’</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-distiller_002c-for-PDF-files-479">distiller, for PDF files</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dot-accent-600">dot accent</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-double_002dsided-printing-99">double-sided printing</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-downloading-fonts-partially-664">downloading fonts partially</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-downloading-PostScript-fonts-648">downloading PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Doyle_002c-Mark-483">Doyle, Mark</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-draft-copies-466">draft copies</a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dual-paper-trays-354">dual paper trays</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-duplex-printers-441">duplex printers</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVI-magnification-389">DVI magnification</a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dvihps_0040r_007b_002c-hyperdvi-to-PostScript_007d-487"><code>dvihps</code><span class="roman">, hyperdvi to PostScript</span></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Dvips-configuration-file-options-270">Dvips configuration file options</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dvips_002eenc-554"><code>dvips.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVIPSDEBUG-249"><code>DVIPSDEBUG</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVIPSFONTS-251"><code>DVIPSFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVIPSHEADERS-252"><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVIPSHEADERS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-H-289"><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> H</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVIPSMAKEPK-253"><code>DVIPSMAKEPK</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVIPSRC-255"><code>DVIPSRC</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVIPSSIZES-256"><code>DVIPSSIZES</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVIPSSIZES_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-R-317"><code>DVIPSSIZES</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> R</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dynamic-creation-of-graphics-415">dynamic creation of graphics</a>: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-e-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028maxdrift_0029_007d-278"><code>e </code><span class="roman">config command (maxdrift)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-E-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028shell-escape_0029_007d-279"><code>E </code><span class="roman">config command (shell escape)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-efficiency_002c-and-fonts-577">efficiency, and fonts</a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ehandler_002eps-54"><code>ehandler.ps</code></a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-embedding-Type-1-fonts-492">embedding Type 1 fonts</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-encoding-changes-582">encoding changes</a>: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-encoding-file-format-608">encoding file format</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-encoding-files-552">encoding files</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Encoding-_0040r_007bType-1-dictionary_007d-567"><code>Encoding </code><span class="roman">Type 1 dictionary</span></a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-encoding-vectors_002c-defined-553">encoding vectors, defined</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-encoding-vectors_002c-in-Type-1-fonts-566">encoding vectors, in Type 1 fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-encodings-549">encodings</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-end_002dhook-465"><code>end-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-environment-variables-248">environment variables</a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-EOF-125">EOF</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-eop_002dhook-463"><code>eop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-EPS_002c-and-Ghostview-43">EPS, and Ghostview</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-EPSF-macros-374">EPSF macros</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-EPSF_002c-generating-116">EPSF, generating</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-epsf_002esty-377"><code>epsf.sty</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-epsf_002etex-376"><code>epsf.tex</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Epson-printers-34">Epson printers</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-error-messages-from-printer-64">error messages from printer</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-even-pages-only-98">even pages only</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-examples-of-literal-PostScript-471">examples of literal PostScript</a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-expanded-fonts-652">expanded fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-expanded-fonts-634">expanded fonts</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-expanded-fonts-620">expanded fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-expansion_002c-of-virtual-fonts-547">expansion, of virtual fonts</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-extended-URL-501">extended URL</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ExtendFont-622"><code>ExtendFont</code></a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-extra-characters_002c-accessing-593">extra characters, accessing</a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-F-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028filter_0029_007d-284"><code>F </code><span class="roman">config command (filter)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-f-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028filter_0029_007d-283"><code>f </code><span class="roman">config command (filter)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-failure_002c-and-printer-errors-65">failure, and printer errors</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-failure_002c-of-long-documents-71">failure, of long documents</a>: <a href="#Long-documents-fail">Long documents fail</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-failure_002c-to-include-graphics-74">failure, to include graphics</a>: <a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-failure_002c-to-print-at-all-53">failure, to print at all</a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fallback-resolutions-314">fallback resolutions</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-figures-and-fonts-419">figures and fonts</a>: <a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-figures_002c-natural-size-381">figures, natural size</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-figures_002c-scaling-385">figures, scaling</a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-filter_002c-running-as-a-120">filter, running as a</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-first-page-printed-190">first page printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-font-concepts-513">font concepts</a>: <a href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-font-generation_002c-avoiding-158">font generation, avoiding</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fontinst-579"><code>fontinst</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-as-header-files-433">fonts, as header files</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-changing-encoding-of-583">fonts, changing encoding of</a>: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-downloading-649">fonts, downloading</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-expanded-621">fonts, expanded</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-in-PostScript-figures-420">fonts, in PostScript figures</a>: <a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-installation-of-PostScript-15">fonts, installation of PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-installing-573">fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-outlined-627">fonts, outlined</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-slanted-617">fonts, slanted</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-small-caps-624">fonts, small caps</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-system-PostScript-27">fonts, system PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-G-_0040r_007bcharacter-shifting-config-command_007d-285"><code>G </code><span class="roman">character shifting config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gf-files-541">gf files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gftopk-542"><code>gftopk</code></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Ghostscript-installation-31">Ghostscript installation</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ghostview-41"><code>ghostview</code></a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Ghostview_002c-and-no-_0040samp_007bN_007d-42">Ghostview, and no ‘<samp><span class="samp">N</span></samp>’</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-glyph-files-527">glyph files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-GLYPHFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-308"><code>GLYPHFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> P</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-GNU-Ghostscript-39">GNU Ghostscript</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gnuplot-418"><code>gnuplot</code></a>: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-graphics-inclusion-fails-73">graphics inclusion fails</a>: <a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gs-_0040r_007binstallation_007d-32"><code>gs </code><span class="roman">installation</span></a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gsave_0040r_007b_002f_007dgrestore_0040r_007b_002c-and-literal-PS_007d-473"><code>gsave</code><span class="roman">/</span><code>grestore</code><span class="roman">, and literal PS</span></a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gsftopk-232"><code>gsftopk</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-h-_0040r_007bheader-downloading-config-command_007d-286"><code>h </code><span class="roman">header downloading config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-H-_0040r_007bheader-path-config-command_007d-287"><code>H </code><span class="roman">header path config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Hafner_002c-Jim-670">Hafner, Jim</a>: <a href="#Color">Color</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-header-file_002c-downloading-133">header file, downloading</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-header-files_002c-defined-422">header files, defined</a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-header-path_002c-defining-288">header path, defining</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-header_003d_0040var_007bfile_007d-_005cspecial-430"><code>header=</code><var>file</var><code> \special</code></a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-headers-and-memory-usage-444">headers and memory usage</a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-headers_002c-including-from-the-command-line-440">headers, including from the command line</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-headers_002c-including-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-432">headers, including in TeX</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hints-570">hints</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hoffset-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-399"><code>hoffset </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-HP-printers-and-Type-1-fonts-30">HP printers and Type 1 fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-HP4Si-printer-and-paper-trays-356">HP4Si printer and paper trays</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-href-505"><code>href</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hscale-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-403"><code>hscale </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hsize-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-401"><code>hsize </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-html-_0040r_007bspecials_007d-477"><code>html </code><span class="roman">specials</span></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-html-_0040r_007bspecials_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dz_007d_007d-245"><code>html </code><span class="roman">specials, and ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">-z</span></samp><span class="roman">’</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007bhttp_003a_002f_002fwww_002ewin_002etue_002enl_002f_007edickie_002fidvi_007d-481"><code>http://www.win.tue.nl/~dickie/idvi</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007bhttp_003a_002f_002fxxx_002elanl_002egov_002fhypertex_007d-482"><code>http://xxx.lanl.gov/hypertex</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Hungarian-umlaut-599">Hungarian umlaut</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hyperdvi-extensions_002c-enabling-242">hyperdvi extensions, enabling</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hypertext-and-bitmap-fonts-490">hypertext and bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hypertext-caveats-488">hypertext caveats</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hypertext-specials-497">hypertext specials</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hypertext-support-475">hypertext support</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-i-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028pages_002fsection_0029_007d-290"><code>i </code><span class="roman">config command (pages/section)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-idvi-_0040r_007bJava-DVI-reader_007d-486"><code>idvi </code><span class="roman">Java DVI reader</span></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Illustrator_002c-workaround-for-75">Illustrator, workaround for</a>: <a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-img-509"><code>img</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-including-graphics-fails-72">including graphics fails</a>: <a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-including-headers-from-the-command-line-438">including headers from the command line</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-including-headers-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-429">including headers in TeX</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-installation-of-_0040file_007bconfig_002eps_007d-6">installation of <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp></a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-installation-of-PostScript-fonts-14">installation of PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-installation_002c-of-Dvips-4">installation, of Dvips</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-installing-fonts-572">installing fonts</a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-interaction-with-PostScript-359">interaction with PostScript</a>: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-inverted-output-60">inverted output</a>: <a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-invoking-Dvips-79">invoking Dvips</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-j-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028partial-font-downloading_0029_007d-291"><code>j </code><span class="roman">config command (partial font downloading)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Java-DVI-reader-485">Java DVI reader</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Jeffrey_002c-Alan-581">Jeffrey, Alan</a>: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-K-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028comment_002dremoval_0029_007d-292"><code>K </code><span class="roman">config command (comment-removal)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-kerning_002c-defined-515">kerning, defined</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-250"><code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-landscape-orientation_002c-defined-338">landscape orientation, defined</a>: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-landscape-papertype-221">landscape papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-landscape_0040r_007b_002c-as-_0040code_007b_005cspecial_007d_007d-341"><code>landscape</code><span class="roman">, as </span><code>\special</code></a>: <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-last-page-printed-147">last page printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-last_002dresort-font-scaling_002c-with-_0040code_007bDVIPSSIZES_007d-257">last-resort font scaling, with <code>DVIPSSIZES</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-last_002dresort-scaling_002c-with-_0040code_007bR_007d-316">last-resort scaling, with <code>R</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ledger-papertype-218">ledger papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-legal-papertype-217">legal papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-letter-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-349"><code>letter </code><span class="roman">paper size</span></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-letter-papertype-216">letter papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-letterhead-tray-358">letterhead tray</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-letterSize-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-351"><code>letterSize </code><span class="roman">paper size</span></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ligature-operations-612">ligature operations</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ligature_002c-defined-516">ligature, defined</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-LIGKERN-_0040r_007bencoding-file-command_007d-610"><code>LIGKERN </code><span class="roman">encoding file command</span></a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-lines-in-figures_002c-wrong-width-397">lines in figures, wrong width</a>: <a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-links_002c-hypertext-506">links, hypertext</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-literal-headers-457">literal headers</a>: <a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-literal-PostScript_002c-examples-470">literal PostScript, examples</a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-literal-PostScript_002c-using-450">literal PostScript, using</a>: <a href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-llx-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-407"><code>llx </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-lly-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-408"><code>lly </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-long-documents-not-printing-70">long documents not printing</a>: <a href="#Long-documents-fail">Long documents fail</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-low-characters_002c-shifting-130">low characters, shifting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-lpr-spooler_002c-MS_002dDOS-emulation-182">lpr spooler, MS-DOS emulation</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Lucida_002c-installing-19">Lucida, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-m-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028available-memory_0029_007d-293"><code>m </code><span class="roman">config command (available memory)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-M-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028mf-mode_0029_007d-296"><code>M </code><span class="roman">config command (mf mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-macros-for-color-671">macros for color</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-375">macros for epsf inclusion</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-372">macros for epsf inclusion</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-magnification_002c-DVI-390">magnification, DVI</a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI-235">magnification, overriding DVI</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-magnification_002c-vertical-238">magnification, vertical</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mailcap-_0040r_007band-hypertext_007d-510"><code>mailcap </code><span class="roman">and hypertext</span></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-manual-feed-152">manual feed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-maxdrift-112">maxdrift</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-maximum-pages-printed-164">maximum pages printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-media-215">media</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-memory-available-294">memory available</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-memory-of-printer-exhausted-69">memory of printer exhausted</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-memory-usage_002c-and-headers-445">memory usage, and headers</a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-memory_002c-conserving-90">memory, conserving</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-memory_002c-used-by-PostScript-fonts-576">memory, used by PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Metafont-ligature-operations-613">Metafont ligature operations</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Metafont-mode_002c-specifying-156">Metafont mode, specifying</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Metafont-source-files-538">Metafont source files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-metric-files-514">metric files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Minion-typeface-family-667">Minion typeface family</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-missfont_002elog-160"><code>missfont.log</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MISSFONT_005fLOG-162"><code>MISSFONT_LOG</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Mitsubishi-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer-57">Mitsubishi Shinko CHC-S446i printer</a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mkdvipspapers-347"><code>mkdvipspapers</code></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-avoiding_007d-159"><code>mktexpk</code><span class="roman">, avoiding</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-changing-name_007d-254"><code>mktexpk</code><span class="roman">, changing name</span></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mode-name_002c-specifying-155">mode name, specifying</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Monotype-fonts-20">Monotype fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Monotype-fonts_002c-installing-24">Monotype fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mtpk-231"><code>mtpk</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-multiple-master-fonts-666">multiple master fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-multiple-output-files-137">multiple output files</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-multiple-paper-trays-355">multiple paper trays</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Murphy_002c-Tim-503">Murphy, Tim</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-N-_0040r_007bEPS_002ddisabling-config-command_007d-297"><code>N </code><span class="roman">EPS-disabling config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-name-507"><code>name</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-narrow-fonts-654">narrow fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-no-output-at-all-52">no output at all</a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-non_002dprinting-characters_002c-shifting-131">non-printing characters, shifting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-non_002dresident-fonts-647">non-resident fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-nopaper_0040r_007b_002c-paper-format-for-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d_007d-346"><code>nopaper</code><span class="roman">, paper format for ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp><span class="roman">’</span></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-O-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028offset_0029_007d-300"><code>O </code><span class="roman">config command (offset)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-o-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028output-file_0029_007d-298"><code>o </code><span class="roman">config command (output file)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-oblique-fonts-615">oblique fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-octal-character-codes-637">octal character codes</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-odd-pages-only-92">odd pages only</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-offset-pages-185">offset pages</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Omega-extensions-171">Omega extensions</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-option_002c-details-of-83">option, details of</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-options_002c-debugging-50">options, debugging</a>: <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-options_002c-Dvips-78">options, Dvips</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input-85">options, reading from standard input</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-options_002c-summary-81">options, summary</a>: <a href="#Option-summary">Option summary</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-options_002c-to-Afm2tfm-628">options, to Afm2tfm</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-outline-fonts-626">outline fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-outline-fonts-528">outline fonts</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-output-file_002c-sectioning-of-447">output file, sectioning of</a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-output-file_002c-setting-299">output file, setting</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-output-files_002c-multiple-138">output files, multiple</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-output_002c-inverted-59">output, inverted</a>: <a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-output_002c-none-51">output, none</a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-output_002c-redirecting-176">output, redirecting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-output_002c-too-small-58">output, too small</a>: <a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-p-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028font-aliases_0029_007d-301"><code>p </code><span class="roman">config command (font aliases)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-P-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028PK-path_0029_007d-305"><code>P </code><span class="roman">config command (PK path)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-page-range-195">page range</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-page_002c-first-printed-191">page, first printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-page_002c-last-printed-148">page, last printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pages_002c-maximum-printed-165">pages, maximum printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PaintType-625"><code>PaintType</code></a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Pantone-colors-674">Pantone colors</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-paper-size-configuration-file-command-343">paper size configuration file command</a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-paper-size_002c-default-8">paper size, default</a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-paper-size_002c-general-337">paper size, general</a>: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-paper-trays-353">paper trays</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-paper-type-214">paper type</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-papersize-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-340"><code>papersize </code><span class="roman">special</span></a>: <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-papersize-special_002c-and-no-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d-222">papersize special, and no ‘<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>’</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-partial-font-downloading-663">partial font downloading</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-font-quality-493">PDF files, font quality</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-making-480">PDF files, making</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-making-37">PDF files, making</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-option-for-244">PDF files, option for</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pdfmark-478"><code>pdfmark</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pfa-files-532">pfa files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pfb-files-533">pfb files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pfb-files_002c-automatically-unpacked-662">pfb files, automatically unpacked</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pfm-files-525">pfm files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration-684">Phaser printer, used for color calibration</a>: <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-149">physical page number, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>’</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-192">physical page number, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>’</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040code_007bbop_002dhook_007d-468">physical page number, and <code>bop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pipes_002c-not-readable-122">pipes, not readable</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pk-files-539">pk files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PKFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-306"><code>PKFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> P</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-plotfile_0040r_007b_002c-_0040samp_007bps_007d-subspecial_007d-455"><code>plotfile</code><span class="roman">, ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">ps</span></samp><span class="roman">’ subspecial</span></a>: <a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pltotf-523"><code>pltotf</code></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-popen-_0040r_007bfor-output_007d-178"><code>popen </code><span class="roman">for output</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-portrait-orientation_002c-defined-339">portrait orientation, defined</a>: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-positioning-accuracy-114">positioning accuracy</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-post-_0040r_007bcode-after-headers_007d-437"><code>post </code><span class="roman">code after headers</span></a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-code_002c-literal-451">PostScript code, literal</a>: <a href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-encoding-551">PostScript encoding</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-encoding_002c-changing-589">PostScript encoding, changing</a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-font-alias-file-302">PostScript font alias file</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-font-alias-file-225">PostScript font alias file</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts-512">PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts_002c-installing-16">PostScript fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts_002c-on-your-system-28">PostScript fonts, on your system</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-header-files-423">PostScript header files</a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-hooks-461">PostScript hooks</a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-interaction-360">PostScript interaction</a>: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-previewers-36">PostScript previewers</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-units-363">PostScript units</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PowerPage-PostScript-implementation-55">PowerPage PostScript implementation</a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pre-_0040r_007bcode-before-headers_007d-436"><code>pre </code><span class="roman">code before headers</span></a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-previewing-Dvips-output-35">previewing Dvips output</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PRINTER-258"><code>PRINTER</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-printer-configuration-7">printer configuration</a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-printer-configuration-file_002c-prototype-12">printer configuration file, prototype</a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-printer-errors-63">printer errors</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-printer-memory-295">printer memory</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-printer-memory-exhausted-68">printer memory exhausted</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-printer-offset-186">printer offset</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PRINTER_0040r_007b_002c-and-config-file-searching_007d-268"><code>PRINTER</code><span class="roman">, and config file searching</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PRINTER_0040r_007b_002c-avoided-with-_0040samp_007b_002df_007d_007d-123"><code>PRINTER</code><span class="roman">, avoided with ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp><span class="roman">’</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-printer_002c-driving-directly-127">printer, driving directly</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-problems-46">problems</a>: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-property-list-files-521">property list files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-prototype-printer-configuration-file-11">prototype printer configuration file</a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ps-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-453"><code>ps </code><span class="roman">special</span></a>: <a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-psfile-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-398"><code>psfile </code><span class="roman">special</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap-646"><code>psfonts.map</code></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap-619"><code>psfonts.map</code></a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap-29"><code>psfonts.map</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-psheaderdir-424"><code>psheaderdir</code></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-psi-character-missing-494">psi character missing</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pstopk-233"><code>pstopk</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-p_0040TeX_007b_007d-extensions-172">pTeX extensions</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Q-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028quiet_0029_007d-311"><code>Q </code><span class="roman">config command (quiet)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-q-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028quiet_0029_007d-310"><code>q </code><span class="roman">config command (quiet)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-quiet-operation-200">quiet operation</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-r-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028page-reversal_0029_007d-312"><code>r </code><span class="roman">config command (page reversal)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-R-_0040r_007bfallback-resolution-config-command_007d-313"><code>R </code><span class="roman">fallback resolution config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-reencode_002f_002a_002eenc-559"><code>reencode/*.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-reencoding-596">reencoding</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-reencoding-PostScript-fonts-655">reencoding PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-registered-_0040r_007bcharacter_002c-accessing_007d-592"><code>registered </code><span class="roman">character, accessing</span></a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-remapping-597">remapping</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-303">resident fonts, different in different printers</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-226">resident fonts, different in different printers</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-resolution-237">resolution</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-resolution_002c-setting-110">resolution, setting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-reverse-pagination-204">reverse pagination</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-rhi-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-411"><code>rhi </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Rokicki_002c-Tomas-1">Rokicki, Tomas</a>: <a href="#Why-Dvips">Why Dvips</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-rotate_002etex-456"><code>rotate.tex</code></a>: <a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-rwi-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-412"><code>rwi </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-S-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028pict-path_0029_007d-321"><code>S </code><span class="roman">config command (pict path)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-s-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028save_002frestore_0029_007d-320"><code>s </code><span class="roman">config command (save/restore)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-and-inverted-output-62">save/restore, and inverted output</a>: <a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-save_0040r_007b_002f_007drestore_0040r_007b_002c-and-literal-PS_007d-474"><code>save</code><span class="roman">/</span><code>restore</code><span class="roman">, and literal PS</span></a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-and-specials-454">save/restore, and specials</a>: <a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-generating-global-211">save/restore, generating global</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-scaleunit-413"><code>scaleunit</code></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-scaling-of-figures-384">scaling of figures</a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-scaling-small-caps-632">scaling small caps</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Scandinavian-A-ring-601">Scandinavian A ring</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-screen-frequencies_002c-setting-443">screen frequencies, setting</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-SDict-414"><code>SDict</code></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-SDict-_0040r_007bdictionary_007d-458"><code>SDict </code><span class="roman">dictionary</span></a>: <a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-searching-config-files_002c-order-of-264">searching config files, order of</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-sections-of-output-file_002c-and-memory-446">sections of output file, and memory</a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-sections-output_002c-in-separate-files-136">sections output, in separate files</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-security-206">security</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-shell-command-execution_002c-disabling-207">shell command execution, disabling</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-shell-escape_002c-in-config-file-282">shell escape, in config file</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer-56">Shinko CHC-S446i printer</a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-show-_0040r_007bPostScript-operator_007d-562"><code>show </code><span class="roman">PostScript operator</span></a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-silent-operation-201">silent operation</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-simplex-mode-on-duplex-printers-442">simplex mode on duplex printers</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-slanted-fonts-616">slanted fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-slanted-fonts_002c-making-640">slanted fonts, making</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-SlantFont-618"><code>SlantFont</code></a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-small-caps-fonts-623">small caps fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Smith_002c-Arthur-499">Smith, Arthur</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Softkey-fonts-21">Softkey fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Softkey-fonts_002c-installing-25">Softkey fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-spaces_002c-dropped-trailing-496">spaces, dropped trailing</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-specials_002c-hypertext-498">specials, hypertext</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-splines-530">splines</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-spooler_002c-lacking-128">spooler, lacking</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-spooling-to-lpr-on-MS_002dDOS-183">spooling to lpr on MS-DOS</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-standard-I_002fO-121">standard I/O</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-standard-input_002c-reading-options-from-86">standard input, reading options from</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-standard-output_002c-output-to-177">standard output, output to</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-standard-PostScript_002c-required-by-Ghostview-44">standard PostScript, required by Ghostview</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-start_002dhook-464"><code>start-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-structured-comments-167">structured comments</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-system-_0040r_007bin-config-file_007d-280"><code>system </code><span class="roman">in config file</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-T-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028TFM-path_0029_007d-324"><code>T </code><span class="roman">config command (TFM path)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Tektronix-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration-685">Tektronix Phaser printer, used for color calibration</a>: <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-testpage_002etex-187"><code>testpage.tex</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-encoding_002c-changing-585">TeX encoding, changing</a>: <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-including-headers-in-431">TeX, including headers in</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXCONFIG-259"><code>TEXCONFIG</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-309"><code>TEXFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> P</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-T-326"><code>TEXFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> T</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-S-323"><code>TEXINPUTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> S</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texmext_002eenc-556"><code>texmext.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXMFOUTPUT-161"><code>TEXMFOUTPUT</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texmital_002eenc-557"><code>texmital.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texmsym_002eenc-587"><code>texmsym.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texmsym_002eenc-558"><code>texmsym.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXPICTS-261"><code>TEXPICTS</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXPICTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-S-322"><code>TEXPICTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> S</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXPKS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-307"><code>TEXPKS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> P</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXSIZES_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-R-318"><code>TEXSIZES</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> R</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-text-in-figures_002c-chopped-off-396">text in figures, chopped off</a>: <a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tfm-files-519">tfm files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TFMFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-T-325"><code>TFMFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> T</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tftopl-522"><code>tftopl</code></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Theisen_002c-Tim-40">Theisen, Tim</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tight-bounding-box_002c-finding-117">tight bounding box, finding</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-too_002dsmall-output-61">too-small output</a>: <a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-trademark-_0040r_007bcharacter_002c-accessing_007d-591"><code>trademark </code><span class="roman">character, accessing</span></a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-trailing-spaces_002c-dropped-495">trailing spaces, dropped</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TranScript-168">TranScript</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-transforming-downloaded-fonts-651">transforming downloaded fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-trouble-47">trouble</a>: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Type-1-fonts-531">Type 1 fonts</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-typesetting-in-PostScript-560">typesetting in PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-U-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028Xerox-4045_0029_007d-327"><code>U </code><span class="roman">config command (Xerox 4045)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-uncollated-copies-103">uncollated copies</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-uncompressing-PostScript-417">uncompressing PostScript</a>: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-uniform-resource-locator-500">uniform resource locator</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-unknown_0040r_007b_002c-paper-format-for-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d_007d-345"><code>unknown</code><span class="roman">, paper format for ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp><span class="roman">’</span></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-unknown_0040r_007b_002c-paper-format-for-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d_007d-342"><code>unknown</code><span class="roman">, paper format for ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp><span class="roman">’</span></a>: <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-URL_002c-definition-504">URL, definition</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-URL_002c-extended-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-502">URL, extended for TeX</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-urx-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-409"><code>urx </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ury-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-410"><code>ury </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-usage_002c-basic-80">usage, basic</a>: <a href="#Basic-usage">Basic usage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-user_002ddefinable-colors-679">user-definable colors</a>: <a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-userdict_0040r_007b_002c-and-dictionary-files_007d-427"><code>userdict</code><span class="roman">, and dictionary files</span></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-userdict_0040r_007b_002c-used-for-header-files_007d-134">userdict<span class="roman">, used for header files</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-V-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028vf-path_0029_007d-328"><code>V </code><span class="roman">config command (vf path)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-verbose-EPSF-processing-383">verbose EPSF processing</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-vf-files-544">vf files</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-virtual-font-expansion-548">virtual font expansion</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-virtual-font-path-329">virtual font path</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-virtual-fonts-543">virtual fonts</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-virtual-fonts_002c-creating-580">virtual fonts, creating</a>: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-VM-exhausted-67">VM exhausted</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-VMusage-448"><code>VMusage</code></a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-voffset-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-400"><code>voffset </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-vpl-files-545">vpl files</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-vptovf-575"><code>vptovf</code></a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-vscale-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-404"><code>vscale </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-vsize-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-402"><code>vsize </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-W-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028warning_0029_007d-331"><code>W </code><span class="roman">config command (warning)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-warning-messages_002c-defining-332">warning messages, defining</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-warnings_002c-suppressing-202">warnings, suppressing</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-whole-font-downloading-665">whole font downloading</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-wide-fonts-653">wide fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-X-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028horizontal-resolution_0029_007d-333"><code>X </code><span class="roman">config command (horizontal resolution)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Xerox-4045-228">Xerox 4045</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Y-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028vertical-resolution_0029_007d-334"><code>Y </code><span class="roman">config command (vertical resolution)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Y_0026Y-fonts_002c-installing-26">Y&Y fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Z-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028compression_0029_007d-335"><code>Z </code><span class="roman">config command (compression)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-z-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028secure-mode_0029_007d-336"><code>z </code><span class="roman">config command (secure mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_007c-_0040r_007bstarting-output-filename_007d-181"><code>| </code><span class="roman">starting output filename</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> - </ul><!-- INSTALLONLY --> -</body></html> - |