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+<html>
+<head>
+<title>Accents</title>
+</head>
+<body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" link="#000099" vlink="#cc0000" alink="#cc0000">
+<h1><font size="-2">Hypertext Help with LaTeX</font><br><font color="#cc0000">Accents</font></h1>
+The rules differ somewhat depending whether you are in
+<a href="ltx-130.html">text mode</a>, <a href="ltx-115.html#math">math
+mode</a>, or the <a href="ltx-58.html">tabbing environment</a>
+
+<h2>Text mode</h2>
+The following accents may be placed on letters. Although "o" is used in
+most of the example, the accents may be placed on any letter.
+Accents may even be placed above a "missing" letter; for example,
+<tt>\~{}</tt> produces a tilde over a blank space.
+<p>
+The following commands may be used only in paragraph or LR mode.<br>
+<ul>
+<li><tt>\`{o}</tt> produces a grave accent, &ograve;
+<li><tt>\'{o}</tt> produces an acute accent, &oacute;
+<li><tt>\^{o}</tt> produces a circumflex, &ocirc;
+<li><tt>\"{o}</tt> produces an umlaut or dieresis, &ouml;
+<li><tt>\H{o}</tt> produces a long Hungarian umlaut
+<li><tt>\~{o}</tt> produces a tilde, &otilde;
+<li><tt>\c{c}</tt> produces a cedilla, &ccedil;
+<li><tt>\={o}</tt> produces a macron accent (a bar over the letter)
+<li><tt>\b{o}</tt> produces a bar under the letter
+<li><tt>\.{o}</tt> produces a dot over the letter
+<li><tt>\d{o}</tt> produces a dot under the letter
+<li><tt>\u{o}</tt> produces a breve over the letter
+<li><tt>\v{o}</tt> produces a "v" over the letter
+<li><tt>\t{oo}</tt> produces a "tie" (inverted u) over the two letters
+</ul>
+<p>
+Note that the letters "i" and "j" require special treatment when
+they are given accents because it is often desirable to replace the
+dot with the accent. For this purpose, the commands <tt>\i</tt> and
+<tt>\j</tt> can be used to produce dotless letters.<p>
+For example,
+<ul>
+<li><tt>\^{\i}</tt> should be used for i, circumflex, &icirc;
+<li><tt>\"{\i}</tt> should be used for i, umlaut, &iuml;
+</ul>
+
+<h2><a name="math">Math mode</a></h2>
+Several of the above and some similar accents can also be
+produced in math mode. The following commands may be used <strong>only</strong>
+in math mode.
+<ul>
+<li><tt>\hat{o}</tt> is similar to the circumflex (cf. <tt>\^</tt>)
+<li><tt>\widehat{oo}</tt> is a wide version of <tt>\hat</tt> over several letters
+<li><tt>\check{o}</tt> is a vee or check (cf. <tt>\v</tt>)
+<li><tt>\tilde{o}</tt> is a tilde (cf. <tt>\~</tt>)
+<li><tt>\widetilde{oo}</tt> is a wide version
+ of <tt>\tilde</tt> over several letters
+<li><tt>\acute{o}</tt> is an acute accent (cf. <tt>\`</tt>)
+<li><tt>\grave{o}</tt> is a grave accent (cf. <tt>\'</tt>)
+<li><tt>\dot{o}</tt> is a dot over the letter (cf. <tt>\.</tt>)
+<li><tt>\ddot{o}</tt> is a double dot over the letter
+<li><tt>\breve{o}</tt> is a breve (cf. <tt>\u</tt>)
+<li><tt>\bar{o}</tt> is a macron (cf. <tt>\=</tt>)
+<li><tt>\vec{o}</tt> is a vector (arrow) over the letter
+</ul>
+
+<h2><a href="ltx-58.html">Tabbing environment</a></h2>
+Some of the accent marks used in running text have other uses in
+the <a href="ltx-58.html">tabbing environment</a>. In that
+case they can be created with the following command:
+<ul>
+<li><tt>\a'</tt> for an acute accent
+<li><tt>\a`</tt> for a grave accent
+<li><tt>\a=</tt> for a macron accent
+</ul>
+<hr>
+Related topics:
+<ul>
+<li><a href="ltx-405.html">Greek letters</a>
+<li><a href="ltx-402.html">Ligatures and Non-English symbols</a>
+<li><a href="ltx-407.html">Miscellaneous symbols</a>
+<p>
+<li><a href="ltx-287.html"><tt>\overbrace</tt></a>
+<li><a href="ltx-288.html"><tt>\overline</tt></a>
+<p>
+<li><a href="ltx-115.html#math">Math environment</a>
+<li><a href="ltx-115.html">Math Formulas</a> and
+ <a href="ltx-117.html">Math Symbols</a>
+<li><a href="ltx-408.html">Variable size symbols</a>
+</ul>
+Back to the <a href="ltx-2.html">LaTeX Table of Contents</a>
+<hr>
+<address>
+Revised: Sheldon Green, 20 Oct 1995.
+</address>
+</body>
+</html>
+