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| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/Yet-Another-Guide-LaTeX2e_v11.tex (renamed from Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/Yet-Another-Guide-LaTeX2e_v1.tex) | 330 |
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/README b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/README index 8ee3fe2a946..a41a9bb139c 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/README +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/README @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ README -File Name: Yet-Another-Guide-LaTeX2e_v1.pdf -Title: Yet Another Guide to LaTeX2e. v1.0 +File Name: Yet-Another-Guide-LaTeX2e.pdf +Title: Yet Another Guide to LaTeX2e. v1.1 Author: Michael. P. Morris @@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ Author: Michael. P. Morris Description: -This document is a short guide to using LaTeX2e to typeset high quality documents. It focuses on users of Windows and TeX Live and guides the reader through installation, some of LaTeX's conventions, and creating the front matter, body and end matter. The appendices contain a list of useful facilities not otherwise covered in this document and a list of helpful resources. +This document is a short guide to using LaTeX2e to typeset high quality documents. It focuses on users of Windows and guides the reader through installation, some of LaTeX's conventions, and creating the front matter, body and end matter. The appendices contain a list of useful facilities not otherwise covered in this document and a list of helpful resources. Cheers and Happy TeXing!! -Michael Morris <mmorris1k@gmail.com> +Michael Morris <mmorris-500@hotmail.com> @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ License Yet-Another-Guide-LaTeX2e.pdf -Copyright 2020--2022 M. P. Morris. +Copyright 2020--2023 M. P. Morris. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/Yet-Another-Guide-LaTeX2e_v1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/Yet-Another-Guide-LaTeX2e_v11.pdf Binary files differindex 673f24bddd2..890156064fc 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/Yet-Another-Guide-LaTeX2e_v1.pdf +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/Yet-Another-Guide-LaTeX2e_v11.pdf diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/Yet-Another-Guide-LaTeX2e_v1.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/Yet-Another-Guide-LaTeX2e_v11.tex index 8d7bf66829b..b0717d494cf 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/Yet-Another-Guide-LaTeX2e_v1.tex +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/Yet-Another-Guide-LaTeX2e_v11.tex @@ -34,9 +34,9 @@ Yet Another Guide \\ to \\ \LaTeXe \\ -{\Large v1.0} \\} +{\Large v1.1} \\} -\author{Michael P. Morris \footnote {Copyright \copyright 2020--2022 M. P. Morris. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". Any error reports for this work can be sent to the author at \texttt{mmorris1k@gmail.com}.} \\ +\author{Michael P. Morris \footnote {Copyright \copyright 2020--2023 M. P. Morris. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". Any error reports for this work can be sent to the author at \texttt{mmorris1k@gmail.com}.} \\ \texttt{{\footnotesize mmorris1k@gmail.com}}} \date{\today} @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ to \\ \hypersetup{pdfinfo={ - Title={Yet Another Guide to LaTeX2e. v1.0}, + Title={Yet Another Guide to LaTeX2e. v1.1}, Author={Michael P. Morris}, Subject={LaTeX2e}, Keywords={Latex2e; Guide} @@ -87,8 +87,10 @@ A previous version of this document was titled `Getting Started with \LaTeXe'. T Finally, I'd like to mention The TeX Users Group, of which I am a member. This is a not-for-profit group for those interested in LaTeX. Membership is inexpensive and members are sent \textsc{tug}boat, the Journal of the Tex Users Group, three times a year, and the TeX Collection on \textsc{dvd} annually. This is a good way of keeping up with developments and changes to TeX distributions. \\ -The author is very interested in hearing about errors and suggestions for improvements, especially code that doesn't function as advertised. Reports can be sent to the author at \texttt{\color{Blue}mmorris1k@gmail.com}. +The author is interested in hearing about errors and suggestions for improvements, especially code that doesn't function as advertised. Reports can be sent to the author at \texttt{\color{Blue}mmorris1k@gmail.com}. +\paragraph{Acknowledgements:} +Many thanks to those anonymous people who have commented on this document and have made sugestions. \clearpage @@ -106,9 +108,9 @@ The author is very interested in hearing about errors and suggestions for improv \end{itemize} -This document illustrates TeX Live and is mainly aimed at users of Windows 10. The most current version of this, as of this writing, is Tex Live 2022. This can be downloaded in a number of ways from \textsc{ctan}. For Windows 10 an installer, which is about 20mb in size, may be downloaded and launched. It is also available as an \texttt{iso} file for those who burn their own DVD's. This is is a large file: about 4.3gb. TeX Live is also available on \textsc{dvd} as part of the \TeX Collection. This is distributed by the Tex User Group to members every year, and is available from the \textsc{tug} store at \url{www.tug.org/store/} along with stickers and other merchandise. \\ +This document illustrates TeX Live and is mainly aimed at users of Windows 10. The most current version of this, as of this writing, is Tex Live 2022. This can be downloaded in a number of ways from \textsc{ctan}. For Windows 10 an installer, which is about 20mb in size, may be downloaded and launched. It is also available as an iso file for those who burn their own \textsc{dvd}'s. This is is a large file: about 4.3gb. TeX Live is also available on \textsc{dvd} as part of the \TeX Collection. This is distributed by the Tex User Group to members every year, and is available from the \textsc{tug} store at \url{www.tug.org/store/} along with stickers and other merchandise. \\ -For those who are installing from DVD, the first step is to open it and click on \texttt{index.html}. This contains links to installation documentation in 14 different languages. It provides instructions for Windows 7 and above, Mac OS X and GNU/Linux systems. \\ +For those who are installing from \textsc{dvd}, the first step is to open it and click on \texttt{index.html}. This contains links to installation documentation in 14 languages. It provides instructions for Windows 7 and above, Mac \textsc{os x} and \textsc{gnu}/Linux systems. \\ After it is installed, the next step for Windows 10 users is to place it in the Windows search path. This will allow Windows to find it if it is run from the command line. To do this, go to the Control Panel: @@ -118,7 +120,7 @@ After it is installed, the next step for Windows 10 users is to place it in the \end{flushleft} -Then navigate to the directory containing the binary files, those with a \texttt{.exe} extension, and add it to the path. The default location for Tex Live 2022 is: +Then navigate to the directory containing the binary files, those with an \texttt{.exe} extension, and add it to the path. The default location for Tex Live 2022 is: {\small \begin{verbatim} @@ -128,14 +130,14 @@ C:\texlive\2022\bin\win32 \subsection{Package Management} -A large part of LaTeX is made up of individual packages that add functionality. \textsc{ctan} currently has over 6200 packages from over 2800 contributors. These provide additional features, fonts, document templates and documentation. TeX Live provides the TeX Live Shell to help manage them. This provides facilities for updating packages and installing new packages. The TeX Live Shell can be accessed from the Windows 10 desktop by clicking +LaTeX has a large number of individual packages that add functionality. \textsc{ctan} currently has over 6200 packages from over 2800 contributors. These provide additional features, fonts, document templates and documentation. TeX Live provides the TeX Live Shell to help manage them. This provides facilities for updating packages and installing new packages. The TeX Live Shell can be accessed from the Windows 10 desktop by clicking \begin{flushleft} \texttt{Windows Start} $\rightarrow$ \texttt{TeX Live 2022} $\rightarrow$ \texttt{TLShell TeX Live Manager} \end{flushleft} -After the gui interface is loaded, the first thing to select is a package repository. These are world wide online sites that mirror the \texttt{ctan} main site and it will be the source of upgrades and new packages. To select one near you, select: +After the gui interface is loaded, the first thing to select is a package repository. These are world wide online sites that mirror the \textsc{ctan} main site and it will be the source of upgrades and new packages. To select one near you, select: \begin{flushleft} \texttt{Options $\rightarrow$ Repositories} @@ -143,13 +145,13 @@ After the gui interface is loaded, the first thing to select is a package reposi A box will appear with options to select \texttt{Any CTAN mirror}, \texttt{Specific mirror} or \texttt{Local directory}. Select a source, then click the \texttt{Save and Load} box. -When the manager appears, it will contain a section called Package List. This has options to list \texttt{Installed}, \texttt{Not installed}, \texttt{All} and \texttt{Updatable} packages. To add packages or check for updates, a \textsc{ctan} mirror will need to be loaded. The TeX Live Shell will contact this site to compare your installation with the \texttt{ctan}. If you have already selected one with \texttt{options}, click on +When the manager appears, it will contain a section named \texttt{Package List}. This has options to list \texttt{Installed}, \texttt{Not installed}, \texttt{All} and \texttt{Updatable} packages. To add packages or check for updates, a \textsc{ctan} mirror will need to be loaded. The TeX Live Shell will contact this site to compare your installation with the \texttt{ctan}. If you have already selected one with \texttt{options}, click on \begin{flushleft} \texttt{File $\rightarrow$ Load repository} \end{flushleft} -To check for packages that are not yet installed, click \texttt{Not Installed} and a list of all the packages not installed on your system will appear. To install them, click the \textopenbullet next to the package name so that it changes to a tick, then click \texttt{Install marked}. \\ +To check for packages that are not yet installed, click \texttt{Not Installed} and a list of all the packages not installed on your system will appear. To install them, click the \textopenbullet\ next to the package name so that it changes to a tick, then click \texttt{Install marked}. \\ To update currently installed packages, select \texttt{Updatable} and if any updates are found, they will appear as a list. As with installing new packages, select the packages and click \texttt{Update marked}. They will be downloaded and installed automatically. \\ @@ -181,7 +183,7 @@ When this is finished, the package database also needs to be updated: A number of packages must be present on your system so that you can use the examples in this document. These are listed in Table 1. Their presence may be checked by clicking the \texttt{Not installed} option of the Package List section of the TeX Live Shell. This will list available packages that are not yet installed. -If any of the required packages are missing, they can be installed using the instructions above. Some packages require access to additional packages and these must be present on your system as well: \texttt{ragged2e}, for instance, requires the packages \texttt{everysel} and \texttt{footmisc}. BibLaTeX, which automatically generates references and reference lists, has 12 additional packages, not including style packages! +If any of the required packages are missing, they can be installed using the instructions above. Some packages require access to additional packages and these must be present on your system as well: \texttt{ragged2e}, for instance, requires the packages \texttt{everysel} and \texttt{footmisc}. BibLaTeX, which automatically generates references and reference lists, requires 12 additional packages, not including style packages! \begin{table}[h] @@ -219,7 +221,9 @@ If any of the required packages are missing, they can be installed using the ins \subsection{Additional Software} -The software listed below is helpful for managing LaTeX projects. An editor makes marking up a text file and compiling it much simpler, and a reference manager helps with automatically generated references and citations. Two freely available editors are TeX studio and Kile. TeX studio is available from: +The software listed below is helpful for managing LaTeX projects. These are editors, a reference database and a document viewer. \\ + +An editor makes marking up a text file and compiling it much simpler. Two freely available editors are TeX studio and Kile. TeX studio is available from: \begin{flushleft} \texttt{\url{www.texstudio.org}} @@ -237,14 +241,14 @@ A reference manager is helpful for scholarly writing because it can keep all the \texttt{\url{www.jabref.org}} \end{flushleft} -Zotero is also freely available and supports a large number of reference formats. It allows users to add pdf's, images and web pages to its databases and users can add their own annotations to each entry: +Zotero is also freely available and supports a large number of reference formats. It allows users to add \textsc{pdf}'s, images and web pages to its databases and users can add their own annotations to each entry: \begin{flushleft} \texttt{\url{www.zotero.org}} \end{flushleft} -A fundamental requirement for LaTeX is a viewer so that typesetters can view the results of their labours. There are a large number of viewers for \textsc{pdf} files. Sumatra \textsc{pdf} is a free and popular choice. The latest version is available from: +A fundamental requirement for LaTeX is a viewer so that typesetters can view their documents. There are a large number of viewers for \textsc{pdf} files. Sumatra \textsc{pdf} is a free and popular choice. The latest version is available from: \begin{flushleft} @@ -268,74 +272,26 @@ LaTeX handles a limited range of graphic formats so an image converter is useful \clearpage -\section{Running \LaTeXe} -LaTeX is run from the command line by navigating to the project folder and then run on a marked-up text file. These have a \texttt{.tex} extension. To run it on a file named \texttt{TestFile.tex}: - - -\begin{flushleft} -\texttt{latex TestFile.tex} -\end{flushleft} - - -\begin{flushleft} -This produces a \textsc{dvi} file called \texttt{TestFile.dvi} that can be converted to postscript with \texttt{dvips}: -\end{flushleft} - - -\begin{flushleft} -\texttt{dvips TestFile.dvi} -\end{flushleft} - - -\begin{flushleft} -If \textsc{pdf} format is preferred, use \textsc{pdf}latex: -\end{flushleft} - - -\begin{flushleft} -\texttt{pdflatex TestFile.tex} -\end{flushleft} - - -It is convenient to run this from a \textsc{gui} interface. In TeXstudio, load a marked-up text file then go to - - -\begin{flushleft} -\texttt{Tools $\rightarrow$ Commands $\rightarrow$ LaTeX or PDFLaTeX} -\end{flushleft} - - -\begin{flushleft} -and it will run automatically. In Kile, go to -\end{flushleft} - - -\begin{flushleft} -\texttt{Build $\rightarrow$ Compile $\rightarrow$ LaTeX or PDFLaTeX } -\end{flushleft} - - - -\clearpage - +\section{LaTeX Conventions} -\section{Project Management} +\subsection{Project Management} The first step in creating a document with LaTeX is to write the text and save it as a plain text file into a project directory created specifically for that project. This text file is then marked up so that when it is compiled it becomes a formatted postscript or \textsc{pdf} document. The normal suffix for this file is \texttt{.tex}. During compilation, LaTeX will produce several other files and having a unique project directory will help keep all of them together. This directory should also contain any graphic files and reference databases so that LaTeX can find them. \subsection{Postscript vs \textsc{pdf}} -One of the first things to consider is if the document is to be produced in postscript or Portable Document Format (\textsc{pdf}). Postscript is the `gold standard’ for printed documents and produces the highest quality files for printing. \textsc{pdf} supports hypertext links and live connections to websites and are somewhat smaller than postscript files. Postscript documents require no specific instructions. \textsc{pdf} files have options for file metadata and hyperlinks and these require \textsc{pdf}LaTeX. See the section on \textsc{pdf} document compilation below for how to include these in your document. +One of the first things to consider is if the document is to be produced in postscript or Portable Document Format (\textsc{pdf}). Postscript is the `gold standard’ for printed documents and produces the highest quality files for printing. \textsc{pdf} supports hypertext links and live connections to websites and are somewhat smaller than postscript files. -\clearpage +\subsection{LaTeX Documents} +LaTeX documents have two parts: the preamble and the document text. The preamble defines the document's global properties such as the type of document, paper size, fonts and margins and loads packages that contain functions that will be used to format the text. -\section{LaTeX Conventions} +The first command is \texttt{\textbackslash documentclass[options]\{TemplateName\}}. This specifies the type of document, letter, article, book, etc, the font size and paper type. -LaTeX documents have two parts: the preamble and the document text. The preamble defines the document's global properties such as the template for the document, paper size, fonts and margins and loads packages that contain functions that will be used to format the text. The first command is \texttt{\textbackslash documentclass[options]\{TemplateName\}} Packages are loaded with the \texttt{\textbackslash usepackage[Options]\{PackageName\}} command. The required package name is placed between the curly braces and a list of options separated by commas are listed between square brackets: +Packages are loaded with the \texttt{\textbackslash usepackage[Options]\{PackageName\}} command. The required package name is placed between the curly braces and any options separated by commas are listed between square brackets: {\small \begin{verbatim} @@ -380,7 +336,7 @@ produces \end{flushleft} -Commands are also used to select special characters. This can include LaTeX's control characters, symbols and diacritics. \$ is one of LaTeX's control characters. It informs LaTeX that the following code is to be executed in Math mode. A \texttt{\textbackslash} must be added to tell LaTeX that it should be processed as text: \texttt{\textbackslash \$} produces \texttt{\$}. Commands for all of LaTeX's control characters are in Table 8. +Commands are also used to select special characters. This can include LaTeX's control characters, symbols and diacritics. \texttt{\$} is one of LaTeX's control characters. It informs LaTeX that the following code is to be executed in Math mode. For LaTeX to process it as a text character, a \texttt{\textbackslash} must be added: \texttt{\textbackslash \$} produces \$. Commands for all of LaTeX's control characters are in Table 8. \\ It is always a good idea to annotate your code. Annotations can be added to LaTeX code by starting comment lines with a \texttt{\%}. This will stop LaTeX from attempting to run it and returning an error message: @@ -488,7 +444,18 @@ The first package is \texttt{setspace}. This package supports single, one-and-a- } -The next package is \texttt{graphicx} which is part of the `graphics' bundle. It provides facilities to include graphics in documents with it's \texttt{\textbackslash includegraphics\{\}} command. +The \texttt{booktabs} package offers several tweaks to LaTeX's default tables. These add some extra space above and below lines and the ability to define the thickness of lines. It is loaded with: + + +{\small +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{booktabs} +\end{verbatim} +} + + + +The next package is \texttt{graphicx} which is part of the graphics bundle. It provides facilities to include graphics in documents with it's \texttt{\textbackslash includegraphics\{\}} command. {\small @@ -521,7 +488,7 @@ This loads French, German and Australian English with Australian being the docum \begin{verbatim} Text in English. \selectlanguage{french} -Texte en Francais. +Texte en Fran\c{c}ais. \selectlanguage{australian} Returns to Australian English. \end{verbatim} @@ -535,7 +502,7 @@ or {\small \begin{verbatim} -\foreignlanguage{french}{Texte en Francais.} +\foreignlanguage{french}{Texte en Fran\c{c}ais.} \end{verbatim} } @@ -603,7 +570,7 @@ LaTeX's default setting for text alignment is justified with both edges of the t \end{verbatim} } -The next line loads the font for the document. If it is not defined, it will default to Computer Modern, which is LaTeX's original font. LaTeX provides a wide range of fonts with an option to install more if required. This example loads Latin Modern with the package name \texttt{lmodern}. +The next line specifies the fony. If it is not defined, it will default to Computer Modern, which is LaTeX's original font. LaTeX provides a wide range of fonts with an option to install more if required. This example loads Latin Modern with the package name \texttt{lmodern}. {\small \begin{verbatim} @@ -872,7 +839,7 @@ Command & Sample \\ -If \texttt{xcolor} is loaded, fonts, font backgrounds and pages can be re-coloured. \texttt{\{\textbackslash color \{ColorName\}\{Text\}} changes the colour of text inside the curly braces. To change it to red: +If the \texttt{xcolor} package is loaded, fonts, font backgrounds and pages can be re-coloured. \texttt{\{\textbackslash color \{ColorName\}\{Text\}} changes the colour of text inside the curly braces. To change it to red: {\small \begin{verbatim} @@ -1096,23 +1063,36 @@ Elipsis & \textellipsis & \texttt{\textbackslash textellipsi \subsection{Sectioning} -Sectioning is the division of a document into parts, chapters, sections, subsections, subsubsections, paragraphs, and subparagraphs. These divisions are available for all LaTeX document classes, apart from letter. Chapters are not available for article class documents. Sectioning commands have the same format as text formatting commands: \texttt{\textbackslash SectionType\{SectionTitle\}}. LaTeX numbers them automatically and the text of the \texttt{SectionTitle} will appear in the Table of Contents. The following creates two sections, each with two subsections: +Sectioning is the division of a document into parts, chapters, sections, subsections, subsubsections, paragraphs, and subparagraphs. These divisions are available for all LaTeX document classes, apart from letter. Chapters are not available for article class documents. Sectioning commands have the same format as text formatting commands: + + +{\small +\begin{verbatim} +\texttt{\textbackslash SectionType\{SectionTitle\}}. +\end{verbatim} +} + + +\begin{flushleft} +LaTeX numbers them automatically and the text of the \texttt{SectionTitle} will appear in the Table of Contents. The following creates two sections, each with two subsections: +\end{flushleft} + {\small \begin{verbatim} -\section{Section 1} -\subsection{1A} -\subsection{1B} +\section{Topic 1} +\subsection{Point 1} +\subsection{Point 2} -\section{Section 2} -\subsection{2A} -\subsection{2B} +\section{Topic 2} +\subsection{Point 1} +\subsection{Point 2} \end{verbatim} } \subsection{Environments} -Environments are used in the body of the document to define a particular behaviour. These range from abstracts, tables, and figures, lists and sections of text with differing justification. LaTeX environments are enclosed with \texttt{\textbackslash begin\{EnvironmentName\}} and \texttt{\textbackslash end\{EnvironmentName\}}. A short list of environments is in Table 12: +Environments are used in the body of the document to define a particular type of text. These range from abstracts, tables and figures, lists and sections of text with differing justification. LaTeX environments are enclosed with \texttt{\textbackslash begin\{EnvironmentName\}} and \texttt{\textbackslash end\{EnvironmentName\}}. A short list of environments is in Table 12: {\small @@ -1150,7 +1130,7 @@ Environment & Description\\ \end{table} -The verbatim environment prints it's in a typewriter font with no formatting. If the text isn't broken with a \texttt{<return>}, it produces text in one long line which may run across the page, into the right-hand margin and then off the page entirely. The first 100 digits of $\pi$ may appear on your editor as +The verbatim environment prints in a typewriter font with no formatting. If the text isn't broken with a \texttt{<return>}, it produces text in one long line which may run across the page, into the right-hand margin and then off the page entirely. The first 100 digits of $\pi$ may appear on your editor as {\small @@ -1173,7 +1153,7 @@ The first 100 digits of $\pi$: \\ \end{flushleft} -This can be fixed by breaking the text into lengths that don't cross into the margins. In this example, it is broken into 25-digit sections with a <return> to signal the end of a line: +This can be fixed by breaking the text into lengths that don't cross into the margins. In this example, it is broken into 25-digit sections with a \texttt{<return>} to signal the end of a line: {\small @@ -1321,20 +1301,50 @@ produces: \subsection{Tables} -Tables are placed inside their own environment. LaTeX places them so that they don’t break across pages and because their location can vary from the location specified by typesetters, they are referred to as floats. Using \texttt{\textbackslash clearpage} at the end of each document section places any outstanding floats at the end of the section before the new one starts. + +LaTeX has substantial facilities for generating tables. These can range in design from simple $2 \times 2$ tables to complex tables with merged columns and rows. This section makes use of the \texttt{booktabs} package. This offers several tweaks to LaTeX's default tables. They add some extra space above and below lines and the ability to define the thickness of lines. It is loaded in the preamble with: + + +{\small +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{booktabs} +\end{verbatim} +} + + +Tables are placed inside the \texttt{table} environment. LaTeX places them in the document so that they don’t break across pages. Because their location, like those of figures, can vary from the location specified by typesetters, they are referred to as floats. Using \texttt{\textbackslash clearpage} at the end of each document section places any outstanding floats at the end of the section before the new one begins. \subsubsection{Basic Tables} -Tables are placed within the \texttt{table} environment. LaTeX numbers them automatically and the caption will appear in the List of Tables. \\ +Tables consist of two nested environments: \texttt{table}, and \texttt{tabular}. The code below gives some basic commands: -Tables consist of two nested environments: \texttt{table}, and \texttt{tabular}. \texttt{\textbackslash begin\{table\}} has an option to help place the table on the page. This can be at the top of the page with \texttt{t}, the bottom of the page with \texttt{b}, here with \texttt{h} and on a separate page of floats with \texttt{p}. These commands don't over-ride LaTeX's formatting rules, but can be enforced a bit more with \texttt{!}. \texttt{\textbackslash begin\{table\}[!h]} places a table at the location of it's code. -The next line justifies the table on the page. This can be \texttt{centre}, \texttt{flushleft} or \texttt{flushright}. +{\small +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{table}[Location] +\begin{centre} +\begin{tabular}{Cell Alignment and size} + +{. . . Table Contents . . . } + +\end{tabular} +\caption{Caption Text} +\end{center} +\end{table} +\end{verbatim} +} + + + + +\texttt{\textbackslash begin\{table\}} has an option to help place the table on the page. This can be at the top of the page with \texttt{t}, the bottom of the page with \texttt{b}, here with \texttt{h} and on a separate page of floats with \texttt{p}. These commands don't over-ride LaTeX's formatting rules, but can be enforced a bit more with \texttt{!}. \texttt{\textbackslash begin\{table\}[!h]} places a table where it appears in the code. \\ + +The next line justifies the table on the page. This can be \texttt{centre}, \texttt{flushleft} or \texttt{flushright}. \\ -Instructions relating to the number of columns, their alignment and if there are vertical lines seperating the columns are on the same line as \texttt{\textbackslash begin\{tabular\}} in curly braces. The number of alignment options should match the number of columns. The options are \texttt{l} = left aligned, \texttt{c} = centred and \texttt{r} = right aligned. These will automatically adjust the column width to the contents. +The table cell's formatting and contents are placed in the \texttt{tabular} environment. Instructions relating to the number of columns, their alignment and if there are vertical lines seperating the columns are on the same line as \texttt{\textbackslash begin\{tabular\}} in curly braces. The number of alignment instructions should match the number of columns: one for each column. The options are \texttt{l} = left aligned, \texttt{c} = centred and \texttt{r} = right aligned. These will automatically adjust the column width to the contents. -\texttt{ p\{ColumnWidth\}} may be used to define the width of a column. The width may be specified in millimetres (mm), Centimetres (cm), and inches (in). The size of the table's font may be reduced by placing a \texttt{\textbackslash {FontSize}} command after the beginning of the table environment. +\texttt{ p\{ColumnWidth\}} may be used to define the width of a column if required. The width may be specified in millimetres (mm), centimetres (cm), and inches (in). The size of the table's font may be reduced by placing a \texttt{\textbackslash {FontSize}} command after the beginning of the table environment. \\ Vertical lines are added with a \texttt{|} placed between the alignment commands. This key is located on the keyboard below \texttt{backspace}. Horizontal lines with definable widths are available through the \texttt{booktabs} package. This package offers three commands: \texttt{\textbackslash toprule [Width]}, \texttt{\textbackslash midrule[Width]} and \texttt{\textbackslash bottomrule[Width]}. These commands accept measurements in points (pt), millimetres (mm), centimetres (cm), inches (in) etc. \\ @@ -1408,11 +1418,11 @@ Horizontal lines can be placed across a selection of columns with \texttt{\textb {\small \begin{verbatim} -\cmidrule[LineThickness]{ColumnNumbers x-n} +\cmidrule[LineThickness]{ColumnNumbers} \end{verbatim} } -The following code produces a table with three columns with headings with horizontal lines. The middle line covers columns 1-2 of the three table columns. The output is Table 14. +The following code produces a table with three columns with headings with horizontal lines. The middle line covers columns 1--2 of the three table columns. The output is Table 14. {\small @@ -1478,7 +1488,7 @@ Columns can be merged with \texttt{\textbackslash multicolumn}. This command req \multicolumn{MergedColumns}{Alignment}{text} \end{verbatim} -The following code merges columns 1--3 of a four column table with centred text. If the number of merged columns is less than the total number, the extra columns should be signified with a \texttt{\&} and the end of the row should be marked with a \texttt{\textbackslash \textbackslash}. In the example below, only the first three columns are merged, so the fourth should be signified with a \texttt{\&}. The output is in Table 15: +The following code merges columns 1--3 of a four column table with centred text. If the number of merged columns is less than the total number, the extra columns should be signified with an \texttt{\&} and the end of the row should be marked with a \texttt{\textbackslash \textbackslash}. In the example below, only the first three columns are merged, so the fourth should be signified with an \texttt{\&}. The output is in Table 15: {\small @@ -1634,7 +1644,24 @@ Columns and rows can be combined to produce very complex tables. The code below \subsection{Figures} -The first step in importing graphic files is to place the file in the project directory so that LaTeX can find it. Graphics are placed within documents inside the \texttt{figure} environment. This is a float and the same positioning commands may be used as with tables: \texttt{h}, \texttt{t}, \texttt{b} or \texttt{p}. The placement of the figure on the page can be: \texttt{centre}, \texttt{flushleft} or \texttt{flushright}. The graphic is selected with \texttt{\textbackslash includegraphics}. This command requires the name of the graphic file and has a \texttt{scale} option that tells LaTeX to resize it: 1.0 is the normal size, 0.5 is half size and 2.0 is double size. Captions are added in the same way as tables with \texttt{\textbackslash caption\{\}}. +\subsubsection{Choosing a Graphic Format} + + +LaTeX works with a quite limited range of graphic formats. Postscript documents can only contain graphics in postscript (\texttt{ps}) or encapsulated postscript (\texttt{eps}) formats. Documents created by PDFTeX may contain graphics in \texttt{pdf}, \texttt{png}, \texttt{jpeg} or \texttt{jbig2} formats. If the file is in a different format, it will have to be converted to one of these. Image Magic is a good converter. It is freely downloadable and can read and write 200 graphic formats. \\ + + +There are two types of graphic formats: vector and raster. Vector formats, such as postscript (\texttt{ps}), encapsulated postscript (\texttt{eps}), are based on geometric concepts such as points, lines, and curves. Vector format file sizes are relatively small because the file contains only the instructions for the points, lines and curves that make up the graphic. It is most often used for line art, such as diagrams, graphs, 3D models, etc. It has the advantage that it can be upsampled or downsampled (enlarged or shrunk) without any loss of quality. Postscript is the `gold standard' for printed documents but unfortunately, postscript only works with whole pages. \texttt{eps} works with graphics of any size so this is the preferred format for graphics that are smaller than this. \\ + +Raster graphics are made up of pixels. Each pixel has a value relating to its individual colour. They are produced by digital cameras, scanners, etc and the file sizes are relatively large. These formats cannot be manipulated, that is resized, rotated, etc without losing information. To avoid this, image processing should be completed before they are inserted into a document and the image sized to the dimensions that it will be printed at. \\ + +If the image is in \texttt{pdf} format, any fonts that it contains should be embedded before it is included in a LaTeX document. This means that a copy of the fonts included in the graphic are included with the image file. If they are not embedded, fonts on the current user's system will be substituted. If they are not the same, the image will not appear as it's creator intended. \\ + +If the document is to be printed professionally, the printers should be consulted for their requirements. These may include specific file formats, resolution, which is often 300ppi, a colour space, often cmyk or rgb, and colour depth which may be restricted to 8bit. These are best edited with dedicated graphics software. A large number of these are available, both commercial and non-commercial. + + +\subsubsection{Placing Figures in LaTeX Documents} + +The first step in placing graphics in LaTeX documents is to place the file in the project directory so that LaTeX can find it. They are placed within documents inside the \texttt{figure} environment. This is a float and the same positioning commands may be used as with tables: \texttt{h}, \texttt{t}, \texttt{b} or \texttt{p}. The figure may be aligned on the page with: \texttt{centre}, \texttt{flushleft} or \texttt{flushright}. The graphic is selected with \texttt{\textbackslash includegraphics}. This command requires the name of the graphic file and has a \texttt{scale} option that tells LaTeX to resize it: 1.0 is the normal size, 0.5 is half size and 2.0 is double size. Captions are added in the same way as tables with \texttt{\textbackslash caption\{\}}. {\small \begin{verbatim} @@ -1642,7 +1669,7 @@ The first step in importing graphic files is to place the file in the project di \end{verbatim} } -The code below loads an encapsulated postscript file named \texttt{Drawing.eps} as a centred graphic in the \texttt{figure} environment with a caption. The caption text will appear as the figure title in the List of Figures in the front matter. \texttt{\textbackslash includegraphics\{\}} tells LaTeX the name of the graphic file to load and \texttt{scale} specifies whether to reduce or enlarge: 1.0 is original size, 0.5 is half size and 2.0 is double. In this case, the file size is reduced to 50\% of the original which is about 10cm square. The code below produces figure 1. \\ +The code below loads an encapsulated postscript file named \texttt{Drawing.eps} as a centred graphic in the \texttt{figure} environment with a caption. The caption text will appear as the figure title in the List of Figures in the front matter when the document is compiled. \texttt{\textbackslash includegraphics\{\}} tells LaTeX the name of the graphic file to load and \texttt{scale} specifies whether to reduce or enlarge: 1.0 is original size, 0.5 is half size and 2.0 is double. In this case, the file size is reduced to 50\% of the original which is about 10cm square. The code below produces figure 1. \\ {\small @@ -1663,19 +1690,6 @@ The code below loads an encapsulated postscript file named \texttt{Drawing.eps} \end{figure} -\subsubsection{LaTeX and Graphic Formats} - - -LaTeX works with a quite limited range of graphic formats. Documents in postscript format can only contain graphics in postscript (\texttt{ps}) or encapsulated postscript (\texttt{eps}) formats. Documents created by \textsc{pdf}TeX may contain graphics in \texttt{pdf}, \texttt{png}, \texttt{jpeg} or \texttt{jbig2} formats. If the file is in a different format, it will have to be converted to one of these. A good choice for this is Image Magic. It is freely downloadable and can read and write 200 graphic formats. \\ - - -There are two types of graphic formats: vector and raster. Vector formats, such as postscript (\texttt{ps}), encapsulated postscript (\texttt{eps}), are based on geometric concepts such as points, lines, and curves. Vector format file sizes are relatively small because the file contains only the instructions for the points, lines and curves that make up the graphic. It is most often used for line art, such as diagrams, graphs, 3D models, etc. It has the advantage that it can be upsampled or downsampled (enlarged or shrunk) without any loss of quality. Postscript is the `gold standard' for printed documents but unfortunately, postscript only works with whole pages. \texttt{eps} works with graphics of any size so this is the preferred format for graphics that are smaller than this. - -Raster graphics are made up of pixels. Each pixel has a value relating to its individual colour attached to it. They are produced by digital cameras, scanners, etc and the file sizes are relatively large. These formats cannot be manipulated, that is resized, rotated, etc without losing information. To avoid this, image processing should be completed before they are inserted into a document and the image sized to the dimensions that it will be printed at. - -If the image is in \texttt{pdf} format, any fonts that it contains should be embedded before it is included in a LaTeX document. This means that a copy of the fonts included in the graphic are included with the image file. If they are not embedded, fonts on the current user's system will be substituted. If they are not the same, the image will not appear as it's creator intended. \\ - -If the document is to be printed professionally, the printers should be consulted for their requirements. These may include specific file formats, resolution, which is often 300ppi, a colour space, often cmyk or rgb, and colour depth which may be restricted to 8bit. These are best edited with dedicated graphics software. A large number of these are available, both commercial and non-commercial. \clearpage @@ -1726,7 +1740,7 @@ Document Text It is possible to have two styles in a document, for instance lower case Roman numerals for the front matter including the index, Table of Contents, List of Figures, etc, and Arabic numerals for the remainder of the text. -This is handled with \texttt{\textbackslash pagenumbering\{StyleName\}}. At the beginning of the front matter, insert \texttt{\textbackslash pagenumbering\{roman\}} and when the main matter of the document begins, insert \texttt{\textbackslash pagenumbering\{arabic\}}. If the title page is to be un-numbered, insert \texttt{\textbackslash thispagestyle\{empty\}} following \texttt{\textbackslash maketitle}. +This is handled with \texttt{\textbackslash pagenumbering\{StyleName\}}. At the beginning of the front matter, insert \texttt{\textbackslash pagenumbering\{roman\}} and when the main matter of the document begins, insert \texttt{\textbackslash pagenumbering\{arabic\}}. If the title page is to be un-numbered, insert \texttt{\textbackslash thispagestyle\{empty\}} following \texttt{\textbackslash maketitle}. \\ The following creates an article class document with an un-numbered title page containing an abstract, a Table of Contents, List of Figures and List of Tables on separate pages with Roman numerals and the body text in Arabic numerals. @@ -1790,13 +1804,13 @@ This changes the page numbering to Arabic and begins the page count at page 5. One of LaTeX’s strengths is its facilities for mathematical equations. This is done by either activating math mode, or by using the \texttt{equation} or \texttt{displaymath} environments. -Math mode is activated by enclosing a mathematical expression within a pair of \texttt{\$}. This is especially useful when an equation is set within text such as when you need to include mathematics, such as the results of a statistical test, in a report: +Math mode is activated by enclosing a mathematical expression within a pair of \texttt{\$}. This is especially useful when mathematics is set within text, such as the results of a statistical test, in a report: {\small \begin{verbatim} -... main effect for the interaction between the factors was significant \$(F(2, -125) = 3.146, p < 0.05, \textbackslash omega\^{}2 = 0.032)\$, though the +... main effect for the interaction between the factors was significant $(F(2, +125) = 3.146, p < 0.05, \omega^2 = 0.032)$, though the practical significance ... \end{verbatim} } @@ -1811,15 +1825,17 @@ produces . . . main effect for the interaction between the factors was significant $(F(2,125) = 3.146, p < 0.05, \omega^2 = 0.032)$, though the practical significance . . . \end{flushleft} -\texttt{\^{}} and \texttt{\_} produce superscripts and subscripts respectively, and fractions can be typeset with \texttt{\$\textbackslash frac\{Numerator\}\{Denominator\}\$}. Three quarters is \texttt{\$\textbackslash frac\{3\}\{4\}\$}: $\frac{3}{4}$ and square roots are \texttt{\$\textbackslash sqrt\{16\}\$}: $\sqrt{16}$. Special characters can be created with diacritics: \texttt{\$\textbackslash bar\{X\}\$} produces $\bar{X}$ and \texttt{\$\textbackslash hat\{Y\}\$} produces $\hat{Y}$. +\texttt{\^{}} and \texttt{\_} produce superscripts and subscripts respectively, and fractions can be typeset with \texttt{\$\textbackslash frac\{Numerator\}\{Denominator\}\$}. Three quarters is \texttt{\$\textbackslash frac\{3\}\{4\}\$}: $\frac{3}{4}$ and square roots are \texttt{\$\textbackslash sqrt\{16\}\$}: $\sqrt{16}$. Special characters can be created with diacritics: \texttt{\$\textbackslash bar\{X\}\$} produces $\bar{X}$ and \texttt{\$\textbackslash hat\{Y\}\$} produces $\hat{Y}$. \\ + +Summation notation is available with the \texttt{\$\textbackslash sum\$} command which produces the Greek letter $\sum$. The \texttt{\textbackslash limits} command places upper and lower limits. The lower limit of summation is defined with a subscript and the upper limit of summation is defined with a superscript: \texttt{\$\textbackslash sum \textbackslash limits\_\{i=1\}\^{}\{n\}\$} produces $\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}$. \\ -Summation notation is available with the \texttt{\$\textbackslash sum\$} command which produces the Greek letter $\sum$. The \texttt{\textbackslash limits} command places upper and lower limits. The lower limit of summation is defined with a subscript and the upper limit of summation is defined with a superscript: \texttt{\$\textbackslash sum \textbackslash limits\_\{i=1\}\^{}\{n\}\$} produces $\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}$. Elements can be added with \texttt{\$x\_i = x\_1 + x\_2 + x\_3 \textbackslash ldots x\_n\$}. This produces +Additional elements can be added: \texttt{\$\textbackslash sum \textbackslash limits\_\{i=1\}\^{}\{n\} x\_i = x\_1 + x\_2 + x\_3 \textbackslash ldots x\_n\$}. This produces: \begin{displaymath} -\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}x_i = x_1 + x_2 + x_3 \ldots x_n +\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n} x_i = x_1 + x_2 + x_3 \ldots x_n \end{displaymath} -Some common mathematical symbols and the commands to produce them are shown in Table 19. LaTeX comes with Greek letters in upper and lowercase fonts. It provides all the lower-case letters and some of the upper-case letters. Pakin (2021) recommends that upper case Latin glyphs be used for the missing Greek upper-case letters. A list of these and their commands are in Table 20. +Some common mathematical symbols and the commands to produce them are shown in Table 19. LaTeX comes with Greek letters in upper and lowercase fonts. It provides all the lower-case letters and some of the upper-case letters. Pakin (2021) recommends that upper case Latin glyphs be used for the missing Greek upper-case letters. A list of these and their commands are in Table 20. \\ \begin{table}[h] @@ -2044,7 +2060,7 @@ rhoncus . . . \subsection{References} -A reference list allows readers to verify sources used by scholars, gives information about the type of source, and allows readers to locate them. Referencing is a fundamental requirement of scholarly writing. In LaTeX, these may be placed in the text manually or generated automatically. +Referencing is a fundamental requirement of scholarly writing. A reference list allows readers to verify sources, gives information about the type of source, and allows readers to locate them. In LaTeX, these may be placed in the text manually or generated automatically. \subsubsection{Ye Olde Fashioned Way} @@ -2052,11 +2068,11 @@ References and citations can be inserted into a document manually. A reference l \subsubsection{Automatically Generated References: Bib\LaTeX} -LaTeX has facilities to generate references and reference lists automatically. BibLaTeX is a modern package for managing references and a wide range of packages with reference styles are available for it from \textsc{ctan}. BibLaTeX requires that several packages be present on your LaTeX installation. These are listed in the `Required Packages' table above. \\ +LaTeX has facilities to generate references and reference lists automatically. BibLaTeX is a modern package for managing references and a wide range of packages with reference styles are available for it from \textsc{ctan}. BibLaTeX requires that several packages be present on your LaTeX installation. These are listed in the Required Packages table above. \\ -The first step in using LaTeX's automated reference system is to create a reference database for the project. This contains a list of primary, secondary, and tertiary sources used in the document in \texttt{.bib} format and is saved to the project directory so that LaTeX can find it when the document is compiled. Entrys have varying requirements. Database entrys for books require the name/s of the authors, the title, publisher, year of publication, publisher and publishers' address. Articles require authors, title, journal name, year, volume and pages. See BibLaTeX's documentation for specific requirements for each type of reference. +The first step in using LaTeX's automated reference system is to create a reference database for the project. This contains a list of primary, secondary, and tertiary sources used in the document. It is saved in \texttt{.bib} format and is located in the project directory so that LaTeX can find it when the document is compiled. Entrys have varying requirements. Database entrys for books require the name/s of the authors, the title, publisher, year of publication, publisher and publishers' address. Articles require authors, title, journal name, year, volume and pages. See BibLaTeX's documentation for specific requirements for each type of reference. \\ -All bibliographical entries require a unique key. LaTeX uses these to match entries in the text with each reference. The type of reference and it's unique key are contained in the first line. The key can be anything, but the first author's surname and year of publication, such as \texttt{Paper10}, is memorable. If the database contains more than one publication by the same author(s) in the same year, they can be uniquely identified by adding a letter: Paper10a, Paper10b, Paper10c. +All bibliographical entries require a unique key. LaTeX uses these to match entries in the text with each reference. The type of reference and it's unique key are contained in the first line of the item's database entry. The key can be anything, but the first author's surname and year of publication, such as \texttt{Paper10}, is memorable. If the database contains more than one publication by the same author(s) in the same year, they can be uniquely identified by adding a letter: Paper10a, Paper10b, Paper10c. \\ It is possible to edit this file manually with a plain text editor if required, though there are a number of reference managers that simplify this process. The section above on Additional Software has several suggestions. A sample database containing an entry for a book and an article is below. These files should be saved in \texttt{.bib} format. @@ -2182,16 +2198,16 @@ The \texttt{biblatex-chicago} style package is an exception to this. This packag } -BibLaTeX requires that a number of packages be present on your LaTeX installation. Two are loaded before biblatex. These are \texttt{babel} and \texttt{csquotes}. The others should be loaded automatically by LaTeX if they are required. +BibLaTeX requires that \texttt{babel} and \texttt{csquotes} are loaded before biblatex. Any others should be loaded automatically by LaTeX if they are required. \\ -The reference database is loaded next with \texttt{\textbackslash addbibresource\{\}}. This loads the reference database and requires only the name of the database. +The reference database is loaded next with \texttt{\textbackslash addbibresource\{\}}. This loads the reference database and requires only the name of the database. \\ -The reference list is placed inside the document environment at the desired location in the text with \texttt{\textbackslash printbibliography}. +The reference list is placed inside the document environment at the desired location in the text with \texttt{\textbackslash printbibliography}. \\ An optional command is \texttt{\textbackslash nocite\{\}}. This allows items that have not been explicitly referred to in the text, but are in the bibliographical database, to be included in the reference list. To include a specific item, it's unique key should be placed inside the curly brackets: \texttt{\textbackslash nocite\{ItemKey\}}. To include all the items in the bibliography, use a \texttt{\textasteriskcentered: \textbackslash nocite\{\textasteriskcentered\}}. \\ -The code below loads \texttt{biblatex}, specifies the name of the reference database with \texttt{\textbackslash addbibresource\{Databasename.bib\}} and places the reference list with all the references in the bibliography on a new page: +The code below loads \texttt{biblatex}, specifies the name of the reference database with \texttt{\textbackslash addbibresource\{DatabaseName.bib\}} and places the reference list with all the references in the bibliography on a new page: {\small \begin{verbatim} @@ -2277,9 +2293,10 @@ The appendices themselves are placed inside the appendix environment and are sec \section{Compiling Documents} + \subsection{Postscript Format} -When the text is marked up, it must be compiled to produce a readable document. LaTeX can produce postscript and \textsc{pdf} files. Postscript is the `Gold Standard’ for printed documents and LaTeX produces these without any special commands in the preamble. These files are compiled by running LaTeX multiple times to resolve the front and back matter, tables and lists. If the document contains references created through BibLaTeX, Biber will also have to be run to sort and resolve these as well. The following scheme is suggested for documents that contain BibLaTeX references. \texttt{biber} can be omitted if they are not present. +When the text is marked up, it must be compiled to produce a readable document. LaTeX can produce postscript and \textsc{pdf} files. Postscript is the `gold standard' for printed documents and LaTeX produces these without any special commands in the preamble. These files are compiled by running LaTeX multiple times to resolve the front and back matter, tables and lists. If the document contains references created with BibLaTeX, Biber will have to be run to sort them. The following scheme is suggested for documents that contain BibLaTeX references. \texttt{biber} can be omitted if they are not present. \begin{center} @@ -2323,11 +2340,30 @@ In Kile: \\ \end{flushleft} +LaTeX is run from the command line by navigating to the project folder and then run on a marked-up text file. These have a \texttt{.tex} extension. To run it on a file named \texttt{TestFile.tex}: + + +\begin{flushleft} +\texttt{latex TestFile.tex} +\end{flushleft} + + +\begin{flushleft} +This produces a \textsc{dvi} file called \texttt{TestFile.dvi} that can be converted to postscript with \texttt{dvips}: +\end{flushleft} + + +\begin{flushleft} +\texttt{dvips TestFile.dvi} +\end{flushleft} + + LaTeX saves the resulting files to the project directory. \texttt{dvi} files can be viewed with \textsc{dviout}, which comes with TeX Live. Click on the \texttt{dvi} file to activate it. Postscript files can be viewed with GSView. + \subsection{PDF Format} -\texttt{.dvi} and postscript files can be converted to \textsc{pdf} format if required using the \texttt{DVI->PDF} or \texttt{PS->PDF} options in TeXstudio or the \texttt{DVItoPDF} or \texttt{PStoPDF} options in Kile. \texttt{pdf} files created this way will not contain any hyperlinks and there will be no metadata attached to the file. \textsc{pdf}LaTeX supports these features so is the recommended way to produce \textsc{pdf} files. +\texttt{.dvi} and postscript files can be converted to \textsc{pdf} format if required using the \texttt{DVI->PDF} or \texttt{PS->PDF} options in TeXstudio or the \texttt{DVItoPDF} or \texttt{PStoPDF} options in Kile. \texttt{pdf} files created this way will not contain any hyperlinks and there will be no metadata attached to the file. PDFLaTeX supports these features so is the recommended way to produce \textsc{pdf} files. Hypertext links can be inserted into \textsc{pdf} documents with the \texttt{hyperref} package. This automatically turns all internal references, such as the table of contents and lists of tables and figures, cross references, and citations into active hyperlinks. Clicking on the link will take you to the appropriate place in the text. This should be the last package loaded in the preamble. @@ -2374,6 +2410,34 @@ Keywords={PDF; Latex2e; Guide} } +\begin{flushleft} +To compile a document from the command line in \textsc{pdf} format, use \texttt{pdflatex}: +\end{flushleft} + + +\begin{flushleft} +\texttt{pdflatex TestFile.tex} +\end{flushleft} + + +To compile a document into \textsc{pdf} format in TeXstudio, go to the Menu: \\ + +\begin{flushleft} +\texttt{Tools $\rightarrow$ Commands $\rightarrow$ \textsc{pdf}LaTeX} \\ +\end{flushleft} + +\begin{flushleft} + In Kile: \\ +\end{flushleft} + +\begin{flushleft} + \texttt{Build $\rightarrow$ Compile $\rightarrow$ \textsc{pdf}LaTeX} \\ +\end{flushleft} + +\begin{flushleft} +If the document contains BibLaTeX references, \texttt{biber} is in the same menu in both editors. \\ +\end{flushleft} + As with postscript documents, \textsc{pdf}LaTeX will have to be run multiple times to resolve the front and back matter, tables, hyperlinks, etc. @@ -2440,7 +2504,7 @@ PSTricks creates line drawings. It can draw mathematical functions, diagrams, an \paragraph{Mathematics: AMS-LaTeX} -AMS Maths is a production of the American Mathematical Society. It provides a range of enhanced mathematical facilities including for LaTeX's standard document classes. +AMS Maths is a production of the American Mathematical Society. It provides a range of enhanced mathematical facilities including substitutes for LaTeX's standard document classes. \paragraph{Music} @@ -2502,6 +2566,10 @@ The \TeX faq addresses questions about \TeX with informative answers on a wide v % Document Type, text point size and paper size \documentclass[12pt, a4paper]{article} +% Enhanced tables +\usepackage{booktabs} +\usepackage{multirow} + % Line Spacing \usepackage{setspace} @@ -2689,6 +2757,10 @@ risus porta vehicula. % Line Spacing \usepackage{setspace} +% Enhanced tables +\usepackage{booktabs} +\usepackage{multirow} + % Graphic management with the pdftex backend \usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx} |