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-\documentclass{article}
-\usepackage{lmodern}
-\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
-\usepackage{breqn}
-\def\eqnumside{L}
-\providecommand*\cs[1]{\texttt{\textbackslash#1}}
-
-\usepackage{hyperref}
-
-\title{Technical notes on equation breaking}
-\author{Michael J.\ Downes \and Morten H\o gholm}
-\begin{document}
-
-\maketitle
-
-
-\section{Tag placement}
-
-The method used by the breqn package to place the equation number is
-rather more complicated than you might think, and the whole reason is
-to allow the number to stay properly centered on the total height even
-when the height fluctuates due to stretching or shrinking of the page.
-
-
-Consider the following equation:
-\begin{dmath}[number={3.15}]
- N_{0} \simeq \left( \frac{\nu}{\lVert u\rVert_{H^{i}}} \right)
- \lvert I\rvert^{-1/2}
-\end{dmath}
-It will have only one line, if the column width is not too narrow.
-
-Scrutinizing the vertical list will shed light on some of the basic properties
-shared by all breqn equations. After that we will look at what would happen if
-two or more lines were needed. The numbers added on the left in the following
-\cs{showlists} output mark the points of interest.
-\begin{verbatim}
-[1] \penalty 10000
- \glue(\abovedisplayskip) 0.0
- \penalty 10000
- \glue(\belowdisplayskip) 0.0
-[2] \glue 4.0 plus 4.0
- \glue(\lineskip) 1.0
-[3] \vbox(16.53902+0.0)x0.0, glue set 16.53902fil
- .\glue 0.0 plus 1.0fil minus 1.0fil
- \penalty 10000
-[4] \glue -8.51945
-[5] \hbox(7.5+2.5)x25.55563
- .\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 (
- .\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 3
- .\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 .
- .\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 1
- .\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 5
- .\kern 0.0
- .\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 )
- \penalty 10000
-[6] \glue(\parskip) -18.01956
-[7] \hbox(16.53902+9.50012)x360.0, glue set 1.78647
-\end{verbatim}
-\begin{enumerate}
-\item These four lines are a hidden display structure from \TeX's
- primitive \texttt{\$\$} mechanism. It is used only to get the value
- of \cs{predisplaysize} so that we can later calculate by hand
- whether to use the short display skips or the regular ones. (The
- reason that we have to do it by hand traces back to the fact that
- \TeX\ 3.x does not allow unhboxing in math mode.) The penalties come
- from \cs{predisplaypenalty} and \cs{postdisplaypenalty}, which were
- locally set to 10000 to ensure there would be no unintended page
- breaks at these glue nodes.
-
-\item These two glue nodes are the ones that would normally have been
- produced at the top of a display; the first one is the above-display
- skip node (though we had to put it in by hand with \cs{vskip}) and
- the second one is the usual baselineskip/lineskip node.
-
-\item This is a dummy copy of the equation's first line, which is
- thrown in here to get the proper value of baselineskip (or lineskip
- in this case). Why do we need this? Because this ensures that we get
- the top spacing right before we fiddle with the glue nodes
- surrounding the equation number. And if the equation has a frame,
- this box is a good place to add it from.
-
-\item This is a special glue node that brings us to the right vertical
- position for adding the equation number. Its value is calculated
- from the variables that you would expect, given the presence of the
- dummy first line above the num- ber: starting position of the
- equation, height of first line, total height of equation body. If
- the equation body had more than one line, with stretchable glue
- between the lines, half of the stretch would be added in this glue
- node.
-
-\item The hbox containing the equation number.
-
-\item Backspace to bring the equation body to the right starting point. We use
- \cs{parskip} to put this glue in place because we're going to get a
- parskip node here in any case when we add the equation body with (in
- essence). If we didn't do this we'd get two glue nodes instead of
- one, to no purpose.
-
-\cs{\noindent} \cs{unhbox}\cs{EQ@box}.
-
-
-\item And lastly we see here the first line of the equation body,
- which appears to have height 16.5pt and depth 9.5pt.
-\end{enumerate}
-
-For comparison, the vertical list produced from the above equation in
-standard \LaTeX\ would look like this, if the same values of
-columnwidth and abovedisplayskip are used:
-\begin{verbatim}
-[1] \penalty 10000
-[2] \glue(\abovedisplayskip) 4.0 plus 4.0
- \glue(\lineskip) 1.0
- \hbox(16.53902+9.50012)x232.94844
-[3] .\hbox(7.5+2.5)x25.55563
- ..\hbox(7.5+2.5)x25.55563
- ...\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 (
- ...\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 3
- ...\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 .
- ...\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 1
- ...\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 5
- ...\kern 0.0
- ...\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 )
- .\kern101.49591
-[4] .\hbox(16.53902+9.50012)x105.8969
- ...
-[5] \penalty 0
-[6] \glue(\belowdisplayskip) 4.0 plus 4.0
- \glue(\lineskip) 1.0
- \hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x345.0, glue set 62.1106fil
-\end{verbatim}
-
-\begin{enumerate}
- \item \cs{predisplaypenalty}
- \item \cs{abovedisplayskip}
- \item equation number box
- \item equation body
- \item \cs{postdisplaypenaltly}
- \item \cs{belowdisplayskip}
-\end{enumerate}
-
-
-
-
-
-\end{document} \ No newline at end of file