summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/elsdoc.tex
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
Diffstat (limited to 'Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/elsdoc.tex')
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/elsdoc.tex837
1 files changed, 837 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/elsdoc.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/elsdoc.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7be99f0b0fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/elsdoc.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,837 @@
+%%
+%% This is file `elsdoc.tex',
+%% generated with the docstrip utility.
+%%
+%% The original source files were:
+%%
+%% elsarticle.dtx (with options: `mydoc')
+%%
+%% Copyright 2007, 2008 Elsevier Ltd.
+%%
+%% This file is part of the 'Elsarticle Bundle'.
+%% -------------------------------------------
+%%
+%% It may be distributed under the conditions of the LaTeX Project Public
+%% License, either version 1.2 of this license or (at your option) any
+%% later version. The latest version of this license is in
+%% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+%% and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+%% version 1999/12/01 or later.
+%%
+%% The list of all files belonging to the 'Elsarticle Bundle' is
+%% given in the file `manifest.txt'.
+%%
+\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
+\usepackage{amsfonts}
+\usepackage[pdftex,screen,vpanel]{docscreen}
+
+\panelwidth=5in
+\vpanelheight=1.25in
+\margins{1.5cm}{1cm}{1.25cm}{1.25cm}
+\screensize{210mm}{297mm}
+\vpaneloverlay{bg_body1.jpg}
+
+\usepackage{pxfonts}
+\usepackage{charter}
+\usepackage[scaled=.9]{lfr}
+\usepackage[scaled=.8]{prima}
+\usepackage{xspace}
+\usepackage{pdfwidgets}
+\makeatletter
+\def\bs{\expandafter\@gobble\string\\}
+\def\lb{\expandafter\@gobble\string\{}
+\def\rb{\expandafter\@gobble\string\}}
+\def\@pdfauthor{C.V.Radhakrishnan}
+\def\@pdftitle{elsarticle.cls -- A documentation}
+\def\@pdfsubject{Document formatting with elsarticle.cls}
+\def\@pdfkeywords{LaTeX, Elsevier Ltd., document class}
+\def\file#1{\textsf{#1}\xspace}
+\def\Hlink#1#2{\hyperlink{#1}{{\sffamily\color{brown}#2}}}
+
+\def\LastPage{19}
+
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\LaTeX}{L\kern-.26em%
+ {\sbox\z@ T%
+ \vbox to\ht\z@{\hbox{\check@mathfonts
+ \fontsize\sf@size\z@
+ \math@fontsfalse\selectfont
+ A\,}%
+ \vss}%
+ }%
+ \kern-.15em%
+ \TeX}
+\makeatother
+
+\usepackage{doc-tooltips}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\newbox\contbox
+\global\setbox\contbox=\vbox{\hsize=108mm
+ \color{orange}
+ \begin{enumerate}[$\square$]
+ \item \Hlink{introduction}{Introduction}
+ \item \Hlink{majordifferences}{Major Differences}
+ \item \Hlink{installation}{Installation}
+ \item \Hlink{usage}{Usage}
+ \item \Hlink{preamble}{Preamble}
+ \item \Hlink{floats}{Floats}
+ \item \Hlink{theorems}{Theorems}
+ \item \Hlink{lists}{Lists}
+ \item \Hlink{crossreferences}{Cross-references}
+ \item \Hlink{math}{Mathematical Symbols and Formulae}
+ \item \Hlink{bibliography}{Bibliography}
+ \item \Hlink{final}{Final Print}
+\end{enumerate}\par\vspace{45mm}
+\footnotesize\parindent=0pt
+\color{Olive}%
+\copyright 2008, Elsevier Ltd. Bugs, feature requests,
+suggestions and comments shall be mailed to
+\href{mailto:elsarticle@river-valley.com}
+{\texttt{<elsarticle@river-valley.com>}}.
+\file{elsarticle.\allowbreak [dtx,ins]}, related documentation
+and supporting packages are released under \LaTeX{} Project
+Public Licence, either version 1.2 or any later version. This
+work has the LPPL maintenance status
+`author-maintained'.\par\vskip6pt
+\noindent
+}
+
+\def\testa{This is a specimen document. }
+\def\testc{\testa\testa\testa\testa}
+\def\testb{\testc\testc\testc\testc\testc}
+\long\def\test{\testb\par\testb\par\testb\par}
+
+\pinclude{\copy\contbox\printSq{\LastPage}}
+
+\normalcolor
+
+\section{Introduction}
+\hypertarget{introduction}{}
+
+\file{elsarticle.cls} is a thoroughly re-written document class
+for formatting \LaTeX{} submissions to Elsevier journals.
+The class uses the environments and commands defined in \LaTeX{} kernel
+without change to the signature so that clashes with other
+contributed \LaTeX{} packages like \file{hyperref.sty},
+\file{preview-latex.sty}, etc., will be minimal.
+\file{elsarticle.cls} is primarily built upon the default
+\file{article.cls}. The class depends on the following packages
+for its proper functionality:
+
+\begin{enumerate}[1.]
+
+\item \file{pifont.sty} for openstar in the title footnotes.
+\item \file{natbib.sty} for citation processing.
+\item \file{geometry.sty} for margin settings.
+\item \file{fleqn.clo} for left aligned equations.
+\item \file{graphicx.sty} for graphics inclusion.
+\item \file{txfonts.sty} optional font package, if document is to
+ be formatted with Times and compatible math fonts.
+\item \file{hyperref.sty} optional packages if hyper linking is
+ required in the document.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+All the above packages are part of any standard \LaTeX{} installation.
+Therefore, the users need not be bothered about downloading any
+extra packages. Further, users are free to make use of \textsc{ams}
+math packages like, \file{amsmath.sty}, \file{amsthm.sty},
+\file{amssymb.sty}, \file{amsfonts.sty}, etc., if they want. All
+these packages work in tandem with \file{elsarticle.cls} without
+any problems.
+
+\section{Major Differences}
+\hypertarget{majordifferences}{}
+
+Following are the major differences between \file{elsarticle.cls}
+and its predecesor package, \file{elsart.cls}:
+
+\begin{enumerate}[\textbullet]
+
+\item \file{elsarticle.cls} is built upon \file{article.cls}
+while \file{elsart.cls} is not. \file{elsart.cls} redefines
+many of the commands in the \LaTeX{} classes/kernel, which can
+possibly cause surprising clashes with other contributed
+\LaTeX{} packages.
+
+\item Provides preprint document formatting by default, and
+optionally formats the document as per the final
+style of models $1+$, $3+$ and $5+$ of Elsevier journals.
+
+\item Some easier hooks for formatting \verb+list+ and
+\verb+theorem+ environments are provided while people can still
+use \file{amsthm.sty} package.
+
+\item \file{natbib.sty} is the main citation processing package
+ which can comprehensively handle all kinds of citations and
+works perfectly with \file{hyperref.sty} in combination with
+\file{hypernat.sty}.
+
+\item Long title pages are processed correctly in preprint and
+ final formats.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\section{Installation}
+\hypertarget{installation}{}
+
+The package is available at
+\url{http://www.elsevier.com/locate/latex}.
+It can also be found in any of the nodes of the Comprehensive
+\TeX{} Archive Network (\textsc{ctan}), one of the primary nodes
+being
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/elsevier/}.
+Please grab the \file{elsarticle.dtx} which is the composite
+class with documentation and \file{elsarticle.ins} which is the
+\LaTeX{} installer file. When we compile the
+\file{elsarticle.ins} with \LaTeX{} it provides the class file,
+\file{elsarticle.cls} by
+stripping off all the documentation from the \verb+*.dtx+ file.
+The class may be moved or copied to a place, usually,
+\texttt{\$TEXMF/tex/latex/elsevier/}, or a folder which will be read
+by \LaTeX{} during document compilation. The \TeX{} file
+database needs updation after moving/copying class file. Usually,
+we use commands like \verb+mktexlsr+ or \verb+texhash+ depending
+upon the distribution and operating system.
+
+
+\section{Usage}\label{sec:usage}
+\hypertarget{usage}{}
+The class should be loaded with the command:
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \documentclass[<options>]{elsarticle}
+\end{vquote}
+
+where the \verb+options+ can be the following:
+
+\begin{enumerate}[(1)]
+
+\item \verb+preprint+ --- default options which formats the
+ document for submission to Elsevier journals.
+
+\item \verb+review+ --- similar to \verb+preprint+ option, but
+ increases the baselineskip to facilitate easier review process.
+
+\item \verb+1p+ --- formats to the look and feel of the final
+ format of model 1+ journals. This is always single column style.
+
+\item \verb+3p+ --- formats to the look and feel of the final
+ format of model 3+ journals. If the journal is a two column
+model use \verb+twocolumn+ option in combination.
+
+\item \verb+5p+ --- formats for model 5+ journals. This is always
+ two column style.
+
+\item \verb+authoryear+ --- author-year citation style of
+ \file{natbib.sty}. If you want to add extra options of
+\file{natbib.sty}, you may use the options as a comma delimited
+strings as argument to \verb+\biboptions+ command. An example
+would be:
+\end{enumerate}
+\begin{vquote}
+ \biboptions{longnamesfirst,angle,semicolon}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{enumerate}[(1)] \setcounter{enumi}{6}
+\item \verb+number+ --- numbered citation style. Extra options
+ can be loaded with \verb+\biboptions+ command.
+
+\item \verb+longtitle+ --- if front matter is unusually long, use
+ this option to split the title page across pages with correct
+placing of title and author footnotes in the first page.
+
+\item \verb+times+ --- loads \file{txfonts.sty} if available in
+ the system to use Times and compatible math fonts.
+
+\item All options of \file{article.cls} can be used with this
+ document class.
+
+\item The default options loaded are \verb+a4paper+, \verb+10pt+,
+ \verb+oneside+, \verb+onecolumn+ and \verb+preprint+.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\section{Preamble}
+\hypertarget{preamble}{}
+
+There are two types of preamble coding --- (1) each author is
+connected to an affiliation with a footnote marker; hence all
+authors are grouped together and affiliations follow; (2) authors
+of same affiliations are grouped together and the relevant
+affiliation follows this group. An example coding of the first
+type is provided below:
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \title{This is a specimen title\tnoteref{t1,t2}}
+ \tnotetext[t1]{This document is a collaborative effort.}
+ \tnotetext[t2]{The second title footnote which is a longer
+ longer than the first one and with an intention to fill
+ in up more than one line while formatting.}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \author[rvt]{C.V.~Radhakrishnan\corref{cor1}\fnref{fn1}}
+ \ead{cvr@river-valley.com}
+
+ \author[rvt,focal]{K.~Bazargan\fnref{fn2}}
+ \ead{kaveh@river-valley.com}
+
+ \author[els]{S.~Pepping\corref{cor2}\fnref{fn1,fn3}}
+ \ead[url]{http://www.elsevier.com}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \cortext[cor1]{Corresponding author}
+ \cortext[cor2]{Principal corresponding author}
+ \fntext[fn1]{This is the specimen author footnote.}
+ \fntext[fn2]{Another author footnote, but a little more longer.}
+ \fntext[fn3]{Yet another author footnote. Indeed, you can have
+ any number of author footnotes.}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+
+ \address[rvt]{River Valley Technologies, SJP Building,
+ Cotton Hills, Trivandrum, Kerala, India 695014}
+ \address[focal]{River Valley Technologies, 9, Browns Court,
+ Kennford, Exeter, United Kingdom}
+ \address[els]{Central Application Management,
+ Elsevier, Radarweg 29, 1043 NX\\
+ Amsterdam, Netherlands}
+
+\end{vquote}
+
+You can see the output in the panel to the right.
+\mywidth=.7\panelwidth
+\Sep=8pt
+\def\rulewidth{.2pt}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+\npskip=8mm
+\pinclude{\def\rulecolor{blue!80}%
+ \includeclip[width=3.25in]{1}{130 84 484 676}{els1.pdf}%
+ \def\rulecolor{orange}}
+
+Most of the commands like \verb+\title+, \verb+\author+,
+\verb+\address+ are self explanatory. Various components are
+linked each other by a label--reference mechanism, for
+instance, title footnote is linked to the title with a footnote
+mark generated by referring to the \verb+\label+ string of
+the \verb=\tnotetext=. We have used similar commands
+like \verb=\tnoteref= (to link title note to title);
+\verb=\corref= (to link corresponding author text to
+corresponding author); \verb=\fnref= (to link footnote text to
+the relevant author names). \TeX{} needs two compilations to
+resolve the footnote marks in the preamble part. Given below are
+the syntax of various note marks and note texts.
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \tnoteref{<label(s)>}
+ \corref{<label(s)>}
+ \fnref{<label(s)>}
+ \tnotetext[<label>]{<title note text>}
+ \cortext[<label>]{<corresponding author note text>}
+ \fntext[<label>]{<author footnote text>}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\noindent where \verb=<label(s)>= can be either one or more comma
+delimited label strings. The optional arguments to the
+\verb=\author= command holds the ref label(s) of the address(es)
+to which the author is affiliated while each \verb=\address=
+command can have an optional argument of a label. In the same
+manner, \verb=\tnotetext=, \verb=\fntext=, \verb=\cortext= will
+have optional arguments as their respective labels and note text
+as their mandatory argument.
+
+The following example code provides the markup of the second type
+of author-affiliation as seen in the output given in the
+box to the right.
+\pinclude{\def\rulecolor{blue!80}
+ \includeclip[width=3.25in]{1}{130 84 484 676}{els2.pdf}%
+ \def\rulecolor{orange}}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+\author{C.V.~Radhakrishnan\corref{cor1}\fnref{fn1}}
+ \ead{cvr@river-valley.com}
+ \address{River Valley Technologies, SJP Building,
+ Cotton Hills, Trivandrum, Kerala, India 695014}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+\author{K.~Bazargan\fnref{fn2}}
+ \ead{kaveh@river-valley.com}
+ \address{River Valley Technologies, 9, Browns Court, Kennford,
+ Exeter, UK.}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+\author{S.~Pepping\fnref{fn1,fn3}}
+ \ead[url]{http://www.elsevier.com}
+ \address{Central Application Management,
+ Elsevier, Radarweg 43, 1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+\cortext[cor1]{Corresponding author}
+\fntext[fn1]{This is the first author footnote.}
+\fntext[fn2]{Another author footnote, this is a very long footnote and
+ it should be a really long footnote. But this footnote is not yet
+ sufficiently long enough to make two lines of footnote text.}
+\fntext[fn3]{Yet another author footnote.}
+\end{vquote}
+
+The preamble part has further environments like
+\verb+\begin{abstract}+ \dots \linebreak \verb+\end{abstract}+ and
+\verb+\begin{keyword}+ \verb+...+ \verb+\end{keyword}+ which
+contain the abstract and keywords respectively. Keywords can be
+marked up in the following manner:
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \begin{keyword}
+ quadruple exiton \sep polariton \sep WGM
+
+ \PACS 71.35.-y \sep 71.35.Lk \sep 71.36.+c
+ \end{keyworkd}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\noindent Each keyword shall be separated by \verb+\sep+ command.
+\textsc{pacs} and \textsc{msc} classifications shall be provided in
+the keyword environment with the commands \verb+\PACS+ and
+\verb+\MSC+ respectively. \verb+\MSC+ accepts an optional
+argument to accommodae future revisions.
+eg., \verb=\MSC[2008]=. The default is 2000.
+
+\npskip=0mm
+\pinclude{\copy\contbox\printSq{\LastPage}}
+
+\newpage
+
+\section{Floats}
+\hypertarget{floats}{}
+\tooltip{Figures}{mytip6} may be included using the command,
+\verb+\includegraphics+ in combination with or without its
+several options to further control the graphic.
+\verb+\includegraphics+ is provided by \file{graphic[s,x].sty}
+which is part of any standard \LaTeX{} distribution.
+\file{graphicx.sty} is loaded by default. \LaTeX{} accepts
+figures in postscript format while pdf\LaTeX{} accepts
+\file{*.pdf}, \file{*.mps} (metapost), \file{*.jpg} and
+\file{*.png} formats. pdf\LaTeX{} does not accept
+graphic files in postscript format.
+
+The \verb+table+ environment is handy for marking up tabular
+material. If users want to use \file{multirow.sty},
+\file{array.sty}, etc., to fine control/enhance the tables, they
+are welcome to load any package of their choice and
+\file{elsarticle.cls} will work in combination with all loaded
+packages.
+
+\section{Theorem and theorem like environments}
+\hypertarget{theorems}{}
+1
+\file{elsarticle.cls} provides a few hooks to format theorems and
+theorem like environments with ease. All commands the options
+that are used with \verb+\newtheorem+ command will work exactly
+in the same manner. \file{elsarticle.cls} provides three
+commands to format theorem or theorem like environments:
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \newtheorem{thm}{Theorem}
+ \newtheorem{lem}[thm]{Lemma}
+ \newdefinition{rmk}{Remark}
+ \newproof{pf}{Proof}
+ \newproof{pot}{Proof of Theorem \ref{thm2}}
+\end{vquote}
+
+%%
+%% mytip 1
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{15cm}
+\let\la\lambda
+\noindent\textbf{Remark 3.}\enspace
+We remark that; when the ratio $h/\la$ tends to 0, the expression $\la
+L(r,s)=-(s-r)/(4\left(\frac{h}{\la}\right)^2+(r-s)^2)$ tends to
+$1/(r-s)$ which is a singular function. This means that the expression
+$\la L(r,s)$ is not well behaved for the small values of
+$h/\la$. Consequently, for the solution to converge, the integrals of
+(10) and (11) must be evaluated with a large number of
+nodes. In our numerical applications (cf. section 5), we
+use 100 nodes to evaluate these integrals. With the smallest value of
+$h/\la=0.02$, the convergence is good with $N=20$.
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+%%
+%% mytip 2
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{15cm}
+\noindent\textbf{Theorem 2.}\enspace\itshape
+For system (8), consensus can be achieved with
+$\|T_{\omega z}(s)\|_{\infty}<\gamma$ if there exist a symmetric
+positive definite
+ matrix $P\in \mathcal{R}^{(n-1)\times (n-1)}$ and a scalar $\mu>0$ satisfying
+\setcounter{equation}{9}
+\begin{eqnarray}\label{10}
+\Gamma=\begin{bmatrix}
+-\bar{L}^TP-P\bar{L}+U_1^TU_1+\mu \bar{E}&PU_1^TE_1&PU_1^T\\
+E_1^TU_1P&-\mu I&0\\ U_1P&0&-\gamma^2I\end{bmatrix}<0,
+\end{eqnarray}
+where $\bar{L}=U_1^TLU_1$ and $\bar{E}=U_1^TE_2^TE_2U_1.$
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+%%
+%% mytip 3
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{15cm}
+\noindent\textbf{Proof of Theorem 2.}\enspace Proof follows
+straightforward from Lemma 3 and Theorem 1. However, it should be
+emphasized that all possible $\bar{L}_{\sigma(t)}$ should share a
+common Lyapunov function $V(\delta)=\delta^T(t)P\delta(t)$ (see
+the proof of Lemma 3 in Appendix A). \hfill$\square$
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+\tooltip{\ttfamily\bs newtheorem}{mytip2} command formats a
+theorem in \LaTeX's default style with italicized font, bold font
+for theorem heading, theorem number at the right hand side of the
+theorem heading. It also optionally accepts an argument which
+will be printed as an extra heading in parentheses. You may roll
+over your \tooltip{mouse here}{mytip2} to see how some text
+enclosed between \verb+\begin{thm}+ \dots \verb+\end{thm}+ will
+look like.
+
+\tooltip{\ttfamily\bs newdefinition}{mytip1} command is same in
+all respects as its \verb+\newtheorem+ counterpart except that
+the font shape is roman instead of italic. Both
+\verb+\newdefinition+ and \verb+\newtheorem+ commands
+automatically defines counters for the environments defined.
+\tooltip{See the output of}{mytip1} of \verb+\begin{rmk}+ \dots
+\verb+\end{rmk}+.
+
+\tooltip{\ttfamily\bs newproof}{mytip3} command is for defining
+proof environments with upright font shape. No counters are
+defined. \tooltip{See the output of}{mytip3} \verb+\begin{pot}+
+\dots \verb+\end{pot}+.
+
+Users can also make use of \verb+amsthm.sty+ which will override
+all the default definitions described above.
+
+\section{Enumerated and Itemized Lists}
+\hypertarget{lists}{}
+\file{elsarticle.cls} provides an extended list processing macros
+which makes the usage a bit more user friendly than the default
+\LaTeX{} list macros. With an optional argument to the
+\verb+\begin{enumerate}+ command, you can change the list counter
+type and its attributes.
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \begin{enumerate}[1.]
+ \item The enumerate environment starts with an optional
+ argument `1.' so that the item counter will be suffixed
+ by a period.
+ \item If you provide a closing parenthesis to the number in the
+ optional argument, the output will have closing parenthesis
+ for all the item counters.
+ \item You can use `(a)' for alphabetical counter and '(i)' for
+ roman counter.
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \begin{enumerate}[a)]
+ \item Another level of list with alphabetical counter.
+ \item One more item before we start another.
+ \begin{enumerate}[(i)]
+ \item This item has roman numeral counter.
+ \item Another one before we close the third level.
+ \end{enumerate}
+ \item Third item in second level.
+ \end{enumerate}
+ \item All list items conclude with this step.
+ \end{enumerate}
+\end{vquote}
+%%
+%% Mytool 4
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{15cm}
+ \begin{enumerate}[1.]
+ \item The enumerate environment starts with an optional
+ argument `1.' so that the item counter will be suffixed
+ by a period.
+ \item If you provide parentheses to the number, the
+ output will have only one parentheses for all the item
+ counters.
+ \item You can use `(a)' for alphabetical counter and '(i)' for
+ roman counter.
+ \begin{enumerate}[a)]
+ \item Another level of list with alphabetical counter.
+ \item One more item before we start another.
+ \begin{enumerate}[(i)]
+ \item This item has roman numeral counter.
+ \item Another one before we close the third level.
+ \end{enumerate}
+ \item Third item in second level.
+ \end{enumerate}
+ \item All list items conclude with this step.
+\end{enumerate}
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+You can see the typeset copy of the above source code if you
+roll over \tooltip{your mouse here}{mytip4}.
+
+Further, the enhanced list environment allows one to prefix a
+string like `step' to all the item numbers. Take a look at the
+example below:
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \begin{enumerate}[Step 1.]
+ \item This is the first step of the example list.
+ \item Obviously this is the second step.
+ \item The final step to wind up this example.
+ \end{enumerate}
+\end{vquote}
+
+%%
+%% mytool 5
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{10cm}
+\lmrgn=4em
+ \begin{enumerate}[Step 1.]
+ \item This is the first step of the example list.
+\item Obviously this is the second step.
+\item The final step to wind up this example.
+ \end{enumerate}
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+\tooltip{Here is the typeset output}{mytip5} of the above example code.
+
+\section{Cross-references}
+\hypertarget{crossreferences}{}
+
+In electronic publications articles may be internally
+hyperlinked. Hyperlinks are generated from proper
+cross-references in the article. For example, the words
+\textcolor{black!80}{Fig.~1} will never be more than simple text,
+whereas the proper cross-reference \verb+\ref{tiger}+ may be
+turned into a hyperlink to the figure itself:
+\tooltip{Fig.~1}{mytip6}. In the same way,
+the words \tooltip{Ref.~[1]}{mytip7} will fail to turn into a
+hyperlink; the proper cross-reference is \verb+\cite{Knuth96}+.
+Cross-referencing is possible in \LaTeX{} for sections,
+subsections, formulae, figures, tables, and literature
+references.
+
+\section{Mathematical symbols and formulae}
+\hypertarget{math}{}
+
+Many physical/mathematical sciences authors require more
+mathematical symbols than the few that are provided in standard
+\LaTeX. A useful package for additional symbols is the
+\file{amssymb} package, developed by the American Mathematical
+Society. This package includes such oft used symbols as
+\verb+\lesssim+ for $\lesssim$, \verb+\gtrsim+ for $\gtrsim$ or
+\verb+\hbar+ for $\hbar$. Note that your \TeX{} system should
+have the \file{msam} and \file{msbm} fonts installed. If you need
+only a few symbols, such as \verb+\Box+ for $\square$, you might
+try the package \file{latexsym}.
+
+Another point which would require authors' attention is the
+breaking of longer equations. When you use
+\file{elsarticle.cls} for formatting your submissions in
+\verb+preprint+ mode, the document is formatted in single column
+style with a text width of 384pt or 5.3in. When this document is
+formatted for final print and if the journal happens to be a double column
+journal, the text width will be reduced to 224pt at for 3+
+double column and 5+ journals respectively. All the nifty fine
+tuning in equation breaking done by the author goes to waste in
+such cases. Therefore, authors are requested to check this
+problem by typesetting their submissions in final format as well
+just to see if their equations are broken at appropriate places,
+by changing appropriate options in the document class loading
+command, which is explained in section~\ref{sec:usage},
+\nameref{sec:usage}. This allows authors to fix any equation breaking
+problem before submission for publication.
+\file{elsarticle.cls} supports formatting the author submission
+in different types of final format. This is further discussed in
+section \ref{sec:final}, \nameref{sec:final}.
+
+\section{Bibliography}
+\hypertarget{bibliography}{}
+
+Three bibliographic style files (\verb+*.bst+) are provided ---
+\file{elsarticle-num.bst}, \file{elsarticle-num-names.bst} and
+\file{elsarticle-harv.bst} --- the first one for numbered scheme, the
+second for numbered with new options of \file{natbib.sty} and the
+last one for author year scheme.
+
+In \LaTeX{} literature references are listed in the
+thebibliography environment. Each reference is a
+\verb+\bibitem+; each \verb+\bibitem+ is identified by a label,
+by which it can be cited in the text:
+\verb+\bibitem[Elson et al.(1996)]{ESG96}+ is cited as
+\verb+\citet{ESG96}+. In connection with cross-referencing and
+possible future hyperlinking it is not a good idea to collect
+more that one literature item in one \verb+\bibitem+. The
+so-called Harvard or author-year style of referencing is enabled
+by the \LaTeX{} package \file{natbib}. With this package the
+literature can be cited as follows:
+
+\begin{enumerate}[\textbullet]
+\item Parenthetical: \verb+\citep{WB96}+ produces (Wettig \&
+ Brown, 1996).
+\item Textual: \verb+\citet{ESG96}+ produces Elson et al. (1996).
+\item An affix and part of a reference:
+\verb+\citep[e.g.][Ch. 2]{Gea97}+ produces (e.g. Governato et
+al., 1997, Ch. 2).
+\end{enumerate}
+
+In the numbered scheme of citation, \verb+\cite{<label>}+ is used,
+since \verb+\citep+ or \verb+\citet+ has no relevance in numbered
+scheme. \file{natbib} package is loaded by \file{elsarticle} with
+\verb+numbers+ as default option. You can change this to author-year
+or harvard scheme by adding option \verb+authoryear+ in the class
+loading command. If you want to use more options of the \file{natbib}
+package, you can do so with the \verb+\biboptions+ command, which is
+described in section \ref{sec:usage}, \nameref{sec:usage}. For
+details of various options of the \file{natbib} package, please take a
+look at the \file{natbib} documentation, which is part of any standard
+\LaTeX{} installation.
+
+\newpage
+
+\section{Final print}\label{sec:final}
+\hypertarget{final}{}
+
+Authors can format their submission to the page size and margins
+of their preferred journal. \file{elsarticle} provides four
+class options for the same:
+\lmrgn=3em
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item [\texttt{1p}:] $1+$ journals with a text area of
+384pt $\times$ 562pt or 13.5cm $\times$ 19.75cm or 5.3in $\times$
+7.78in, single column style only.
+
+\item [\texttt{3p}:] $3+$ journals with a text area of 468pt
+$\times$ 622pt or 16.45cm $\times$ 21.9cm or 6.5in $\times$
+8.6in, single column style.
+
+\item [\texttt{3pd}:] $3+$ with the same text area as above,
+double column style.
+
+\item [\texttt{5p}:] $5+$ with text area of 522pt $\times$
+682pt or 18.35cm $\times$ 24cm or 7.22in $\times$ 9.45in,
+double column style only.
+\end{enumerate}
+
+Following pages have the clippings of different parts of
+the first page of different journal models typeset in final
+format.
+
+\bigskip
+\mywidth=14cm
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{Upper part of first page of a single column article}
+\includeclip{1}{104 510 492 712}{els-1p.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\newpage
+\vspace*{-18pt}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{Lower part of first page of a single column article}
+\includeclip{1}{104 124 492 443}{els-1p.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\medskip
+
+\noindent
+Model $1+$ and $3+$ will have the same look and
+feel in the typeset copy when presented in this document. That is
+also the case with the double column $3+$ and $5+$ journal article
+pages. The only difference will be wider text width of
+higher models. Therefore we will look at the
+different portions of a typical single column journal page and
+that of a double column article in the final format.
+
+\newpage
+\vspace*{-18pt}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{Upper part of first page of a typical double column article}
+ \includeclip{1}{60 245 536 752}{els-3pd.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\newpage\vspace*{-18pt}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{Lower part of first page a typical double column article}
+\includeclip{1}{60 93 536 600}{els-3pd.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\subsection*{Displayed equations and double column journals}
+
+Many Elsevier journals print their text in two columns. Because
+the preprint layout uses a larger line width than such columns,
+the formulas are too wide for the line width in print. Here is an
+example of an equation (see equation 6) which is perfect in
+single column preprint format:
+
+\bigskip
+\src{See equation (6)}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\includeclip{4}{134 391 483 594}{els1.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\bigskip
+\noindent When this document is typeset for publication in a
+model 3+ journal with double columns, the equation will overlap
+the second column text matter if the equation is not broken at
+the appropriate location.
+
+\newpage\vspace*{-18pt}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{See equation (6) overprints into second column}
+\includeclip{3}{61 531 532 734}{els-3pd.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\medskip
+
+\noindent The typesetter will try to break the equation which
+need not necessarily be to the liking of the author or as it
+happens, typesetter's break point may be semantically incorrect.
+Therefore, authors may check their submissions for the incidence
+of such long equations and break the equations at the correct
+places so that the final typeset copy will be as they wish.
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%
+%% Tooltip 6
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{10cm}
+\centering
+ {\ttfamily\bs includegraphics[width=3in,angle=45]\lb
+ tiger.pdf\rb}\\
+ \hspace*{-1cm}
+ \includegraphics[width=3in,angle=45,origin=c]{tiger.pdf}\\
+ \raggedright
+ \textbf{Fig.~1.}~~More details on the usage of {\ttfamily\bs
+ includegraphics} can be found in the \textsf{grfguide.ps} of the
+ \LaTeX{} documentation.
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+%%
+%% tooltip 7
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{15cm}
+\raggedright
+\begin{enumerate}[{[1]}]
+\item Knuth, D.E., \emph{TeX: The Program}, Computers \&
+Typesetting; B., 1995, Addisson-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc., New
+York.
+\end{enumerate}
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+%%
+%% tooltip 8
+%%
+
+ \end{document}
+
+\endinput
+%%
+%% End of file `elsdoc.tex'.