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-% \iffalse meta-comment
-%
-% Copyright 1989-2009 Johannes L. Braams and any individual authors
-% listed elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved.
-%
-% This file is part of the Babel system.
-% --------------------------------------
-%
-% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
-% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
-% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
-% The latest version of this license is in
-% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
-% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
-% version 2003/12/01 or later.
-%
-% This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
-%
-% The Current Maintainer of this work is Johannes Braams.
-%
-% The list of all files belonging to the Babel system is
-% given in the file `manifest.bbl. See also `legal.bbl' for additional
-% information.
-%
-% The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution
-% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with
-% extension .ins) which are part of the distribution.
-% \fi
-%%% ====================================================================
-%%% @TeX-file{
-%%% author = "Johannes L. Braams",
-%%% version = "1.02",
-%%% date = "06 January 1997",
-%%% time = "23:18:11 MET",
-%%% filename = "tb1401.tex",
-%%% address = "TeXniek,
-%%% Kersengaarde 33
-%%% 2723 BP Zoetermeer
-%%% The Netherlands",
-%%% telephone = "+31 79 352 28 19",
-%%% FAX = "+31 70 343 23 95",
-%%% checksum = "33086 238 1209 9472",
-%%% email = "babel@braams.cistron.nl (Internet)",
-%%% codetable = "ISO/ASCII",
-%%% keywords = "",
-%%% supported = "yes",
-%%% abstract = "",
-%%% docstring = "The update article on babel that appeared
-%%% in TUGboat Volume 14 No 1.
-%%%
-%%% The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
-%%% checksum as the first value, followed by the
-%%% equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
-%%% count) utility output of lines, words, and
-%%% characters. This is produced by Robert
-%%% Solovay's checksum utility.",
-%%% }
-%%% ====================================================================
-\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
-\IfFileExists{ltugboat.cls}{%
- \documentclass{ltugboat}
- \def\rtitlex{TUGboat, Volume 14 (1993), No. 1}
- \def\midrtitle{}
- \def\PrelimDraftfooter{}
- \let\TBmaketitle\maketitle
- \setcounter{page}{60}
- }{%
- \documentclass{article}
- \newcommand\address[1]{}
- \newcommand\netaddress[1]{}
- \newcommand\TUB{\textsl{TUGboat\/}}
- \newcommand\TeXhax{\TeX hax}
- \newcommand{\plain}{\texttt{plain}}}
-\usepackage{shortvrb}
-\MakeShortVerb{\|}
-%
-\newcommand{\file}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
-\newcommand{\Lopt}[1]{\textsf{#1}}
-\newcommand{\babel}{\textsf{babel}}
-\makeatletter
-% -------------------------------------------------
-% Definitions copied from doc.sty by FMi
-% -------------------------------------------------
-{\obeyspaces%
-\gdef\meta{\begingroup\obeyspaces%
-\def {\egroup\space\hbox\bgroup\it}\m@ta}}
-\def\m@ta#1{\hbox\bgroup$\langle$\it#1\/$\rangle$\egroup\endgroup}
-%
-{\catcode`\|=\z@ \catcode`\\=12|gdef|bslash{\}}
-%
-\makeatother
-\newcommand{\bsl}{\protect\bslash}
-
-
-\begin{document}
-\title{An update on the \babel\ system}
-\author{Johannes Braams}
-\address{%
- \TeX niek\\
- Kersengaarde 33\\
- 2723 BP Zoetermeer\\
- The Netherlands}
-\netaddress{babel@braams.cistron.nl}
-\date{06 January 1997 \\
- Version 1.02}
-\maketitle
-
-\begin{abstract}
- This article describes the changes that have been made to the
- \babel\ system, since the article describing the system appeared in
- \TUB\ Volume 12, number 2. This article announces the release of a
- new version of the \babel\ system.
-\end{abstract}
-
-\section{Introduction}
-
-Since the publication of the \babel\ system in \TUB~\cite{bab} several
-changes have occurred. With the new release of \LaTeX\ -- which
-appeared at the end of 1991 -- the internationalised version I\LaTeX,
-prepared by Joachim Schrod~\cite{ilatex} was withdrawn. But some of
-its functionality was still needed, so a modification of the \babel\
-system was necessary.
-
-Besides this a couple of bugs were reported and had to be fixed. The
-major problem was that the language changing commands were not
-`local', they contained global definitions. In the current version
-these commands obey grouping correctly.
-
-Some macros that formerly were in language-specific files have been
-moved to the core of the system, because they are being used in
-several language-specific files.
-
-\section{Changes to the core of \babel}
-
-The changes to the core of the \babel\ system are the most extensive.
-
-\subsection*{{\tt\bsl selectlanguage}}
-The \babel\ user-command |\selectlanguage| now also accepts a control
-sequence as its argument. This was included to provide compatibility
-for users who were used to the syntax of the original
-\file{german.tex}, but wanted to switch to \babel. The escape
-character is `peeled off' and the name of the control sequence is then
-used as the name of the language to select.
-
-Another change to the |\selectlanguage| macro is that it now stores
-the name of the current language in the control sequence
-|\languagename|. The contents of this control sequence could be tested
-in the following way:
-
-\begin{verbatim}
- \edef\tmp{\string english}
- \ifx\languagename\tmp
- ...
- \else
- ...
- \fi
-\end{verbatim}
-
-The construction with |\string| is necessary because
-|\languagename| returns the name with characters of category code
-\texttt{12} (other).
-
-\subsection*{Saving macro definitions}
-
-A new way of handling macros that are temporarily \emph{re}defined was
-developed by Bernd Raichle and included in the core of the \babel\
-system. Two new macros, for use in the language-specific files have
-been introduced.\\
-These macros, |\babel@savevariable|\meta{register} and
-|\babel@save|\meta{macro}, append code to |\originalTeX|. This code
-restores the value (or meaning) of what was saved when |\originalTeX|
-was executed.
-
-\subsection*{Special characters}
-
-Some of the language-specific files introduce one or more characters
-that are special in some way. Such characters have to be added to
-|\dospecials| (and |\@sanitize| too for \LaTeX) whenever their special
-meaning is activated. But, they may have to be removed again when
-another language, which doesn't use them, is in effect.
-
-To this end two new control sequences, that are meant to be used in
-the language-specific files are introduced. They are
-|\babel@add@special| and |\babel@remove@special| and perform the
-necessary tasks.
-
-\subsection*{Additional facilities}
-
-A specific request from Joachim Schrod for \babel, was the possibility
-to extend the definition of a control sequence on the fly. It should,
-for instance, be possible that the user adds a macro of his own to the
-definition of |\extrasenglish|.
-
-This feature is now provided by the macro\\
- |\addto{|\meta{control sequence}|}{|\meta{\TeX\ code}|}|.
- It is now used throughout the
-language-specific files to build the macros |\extras|\meta{lang} and
-|\noextras|\meta{lang}.
-
-The support macros |\allowhyphens|,\\ |\set@low@box| and |\save@sf@q|
-have been moved from the language-specific files to the core of the
-\babel\ system.
-
-\subsection{The files}
-
-In the previous release a file called \file{latexhax.com} was
-provided. This was needed to provide some macros normally defined by
-\LaTeX, to \plain~\TeX\ users. The need for this file has been removed
-in the current release of the \babel\ system.
-
-In the previous release of the system, four different files were
-provided (all derived from \file{hyphen.doc} that were needed for
-different combinations of versions of \TeX\ and \file{plain.tex} or
-\file{lplain.tex}. This has been changed. In the current version only
-two different files are derived from \file{hyphen.doc}. They are
-\file{babel.switch} and \file{babel.hyphen}.\\
-The file \file{babel.switch} is needed for people who can't build a
-new format or don't have \TeX\ version 3. The file \file{babel.hyphen}
-should be loaded into the format by ini\TeX. It provides the macros
-from \file{babel.switch}, but additionally it reads the file
-\file{language.dat}, which specifies the languages for which
-hyphenation patterns should be loaded.
-
-In the previous release the file \file{babel.com} contained
-redefinitions for a lot of \LaTeX\ macros to replace texts with
-control sequences. This has been removed, because it is no longer
-necessary for releases of \LaTeX\ dated december 1991 or later. Those
-who still have an older release of \LaTeX\ can produce a special
-version of \file{babel.com} by including the docstrip option
-\meta{names} when stripping the file \file{babel.doc}.
-
-With the release of the new version of Frank Mittelbach's \texttt{doc}
-package the stripped files are no longer distributed. The distribution
-of babel now includes a file \file{install.babel} with which you can
-produce them (give the command \file{tex install.babel}).
-
-\section{Changes to the language specific files}
-
-Bernd Raichle has invented a solution for things like |\char"45|
-when the |"| is active. His solution (from german 2.3e) has been
-included in germanb and is copied for other language specific files
-that have an active |"|.
-
-A few terms have been added to the |\captions|\meta{...} macros,
-again following \file{german.tex}. These terms are |\prefacename|,
-|\seename| and |\seealsoname|. I don't have the correct
-translations for all languages yet, but that will be repaired as soon
-as someone provides them to me.
-
-For the dutch language the behaviour of the active double quote has
-been slightly modified. It has been noted that there is a difference
-between |"e|, where a `trema' should be produced and |\"u|, where we
-should get an `umlaut'. The difference between the two is that the
-`trema' should disappear at a hyphenation point, whereas the `umlaut'
-should not.
-
-\begin{thebibliography}{9}
- \bibitem{bab} Johannes Braams,
- \emph{Babel, a multilingual style-option system for use with
- \LaTeX's standard document styles},
- \emph{TUGboat} 12 (1991) \#2, p.~291--301.
- \bibitem{ilatex}Joachim Schrod,
- \emph{International \LaTeX\ is ready to use},
- \emph{TUGboat} 11 (1990) \#1, p.~87--90.
-\end{thebibliography}
-\end{document}