diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel/italian.dtx')
-rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel/italian.dtx | 876 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 876 deletions
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel/italian.dtx b/Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel/italian.dtx deleted file mode 100644 index d054726438b..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel/italian.dtx +++ /dev/null @@ -1,876 +0,0 @@ -% \iffalse meta-comment -% -% Copyright 1989-2008 Johannes L. Braams and any individual authors -% listed elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved. -% -% This file is part of the Babel system. -% -------------------------------------- -% -% It may be distributed and/or modified under the -% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3 -% of this license or (at your option) any later version. -% The latest version of this license is in -% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt -% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX -% version 2003/12/01 or later. -% -% This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained". -% -% The Current Maintainer of this work is Johannes Braams. -% -% The list of all files belonging to the Babel system is -% given in the file `manifest.bbl. See also `legal.bbl' for additional -% information. -% -% The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution -% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with -% extension .ins) which are part of the distribution. -% \fi -% \CheckSum{424} -% \iffalse -% Tell the \LaTeX\ system who we are and write an entry on the -% transcript. -%<*dtx> -\ProvidesFile{italian.dtx} -%</dtx> -%<code>\ProvidesLanguage{italian} -%\fi -%\ProvidesFile{italian.dtx} - [2008/03/14 v1.2t Italian support from the babel system] -%\iffalse -%% File `italian.dtx' -%% Babel package for LaTeX version 2e -%% Copyright (C) 1989 - 2008 -%% by Johannes Braams, TeXniek -% -%% Please report errors to: J.L. Braams -%% babel at braams.xs4all.nl -%% Claudio Beccari -%% claudio.beccari at gmail.it -% -% This file is part of the babel system, it provides the source -% code for the Italian language definition file. -% The original version of this file was written by Maurizio -% Codogno, (mau@beatles.cselt.stet.it). Several features were added -% by Claudio Beccari, (beccari@polito.it). -%<*filedriver> -\documentclass{ltxdoc} -\newcommand*\TeXhax{\TeX hax} -\newcommand*\babel{\textsf{babel}} -\newcommand*\langvar{$\langle \it lang \rangle$} -\newcommand*\note[1]{} -\newcommand*\Lopt[1]{\textsf{#1}} -\newcommand*\file[1]{\texttt{#1}} -\begin{document} - \DocInput{italian.dtx} -\end{document} -%</filedriver> -%\fi -% \GetFileInfo{italian.dtx} -% -% \changes{italian-0.99}{1990/07/11}{First version, from english.doc} -% \changes{italian-1.0}{1991/04/23}{Modified for babel 3.0} -% \changes{italian-1.0a}{1991/05/23}{removed typo} -% \changes{italian-1.0b}{1991/05/29}{Removed bug found by van der Meer} -% \changes{italian-1.0e}{1991/07/15}{Renamed \file{babel.sty} in -% \file{babel.com}} -% \changes{italian-1.1}{1992/02/16}{Brought up-to-date with babel 3.2a} -% \changes{italian-1.2}{1994/02/09}{Update for\ LaTeXe} -% \changes{italian-1.2e}{1994/06/26}{Removed the use of \cs{filedate} -% and moved identification after the loading of \file{babel.def}} -% \changes{italian-1.2f}{1995/05/28}{Updated for babel 3.5} -% \changes{italian-1.2i}{1996/10/10}{Replaced \cs{undefined} with -% \cs{@undefined} and \cs{empty} with \cs{@empty} for consistency -% with \LaTeX, moved the definition of \cs{atcatcode} right to the -% beginning.} -% \changes{italian-1.2l}{1999/04/24}{Added \cs{unit}, \cs{ap}, and -% \cs{ped} macros} -% \changes{italian-1.2m}{2000/01/05}{Added support for etymological -% hyphenation} -% \changes{italian-1.2n}{2000/02/02}{Completely modified etymological -% hyphenation facility} -% \changes{italian-1.2n}{2000/05/28}{Added several commands for the -% caporali double quotes and for simplifying the accented vowel input} -% \changes{italian-1.2o}{2000/12/12}{Added \cs{glossaryname}} -% \changes{italian-1.2p}{2002/07/10}{Removed redefinition of -% \cs{add@acc} since its functionality has been introduced into the -% kernel of LaTeX 2001/06/01} -% \changes{italian-1.2q}{2005/02/05}{Added test for avoiding conflict -% with package units.sty; adjusted caporali functionality, since -% the previous one did not work with the standard (although obsolete) -% slides class file} -% \changes{italian-1.2s}{2007/01/12}{Corrected email of CB} -% \section{The Italian language} -% -% The file \file{\filename}\footnote{The file described in this -% section has version number \fileversion\ and was last revised on -% \filedate. The original author is Maurizio Codogno, -% (\texttt{mau@beatles.cselt.stet.it}). It has been largely revised -% by Johannes Braams and Claudio Beccari} defines all the -% language-specific macros for the Italian language. -% -% The features of this language definition file are the following: -% \begin{enumerate} -% \item The Italian hyphenation is invoked, provided that file -% \texttt{ithyph.tex} was loaded when the \LaTeXe\ format was -% built; in case it was not, read the information coming with your -% distribution of the \TeX\ software, and the \babel\ -% documentation. -% \item The language dependent fixed words to be inserted by such -% commands as |\chapter|, |\caption|, |\tableofcontents|, -% etc. are redefined in accordance with the Italian -% typographical practice. -% \item Since Italian can be easily hyphenated and Italian practice -% allows to break a word before the last two letters, hyphenation -% parameters have been set accordingly, but a very high demerit -% value has been set in order to avoid word breaks in the -% penultimate line of a paragraph. Specifically the |\clubpenalty|, -% and the |\widowpenalty| are set to rather high values and -% |\finalhyphendemerits| is set to such a high value that -% hyphenation is prohibited between the last two lines of a -% paragraph. In orer to make it consistent, also |\@clubpenalty| -% is set to the same value; actualy the latter value is the -% reset value after every sectioning command, so that after the -% first section, |\clubpenalty| is reset to the low default value. -% Thanks to Enrico Gregorio for spotting this serious bug. -% \item Some language specific shortcuts have been defined so as to -% allow etymological hyphenation, specifically |"| inserts a -% break point in any word boundary that the typesetter chooses, -% provided it is not followed by and accented letter (very unlikely -% in Italian, where compulsory accents fall only on the last and -% ending vowel of a word, but may take place with compound words -% that include foreign roots), and \verb="|= when the desired break -% point falls before an accented letter. -% \item The shortcut |""| introduces the raised (English) opening -% double quotes; this shortcut proves its usefulness when one -% reminds that the Italian keyboard misses the backtick key, and -% the backtick on a Windows based platform may be obtained only by -% pressing the \texttt{Alt} key while inputting the numerical code -% 0096; very, very annoying! -% \item The shortcuts |"<| and |">| insert the French guillemots, -% sometimes used in Italian typography; with the T1 font encoding -% the ligatures |<<| and |>>| should insert such signs directly, -% but not all the virtual fonts that claim to follow the T1 font -% encoding actually contain the guillemots; with the OT1 encoding -% the guillemots are not available and must be faked in some -% way. By using the |"<| and |">| shortcuts (even with the T1 -% encoding) the necessary tests are performed and in case the -% suitable glyphs are taken from other fonts normally available -% with any good, modern \LaTeX\ distribution. -% \item Three new specific commands |\unit|, |\ped|, and |\ap| are -% introduced so as to enable the correct composition of technical -% mathematics according to the ISO~31/XI recommendations. |\unit| -% does not get redefined if the \babel\ package is loaded \emph{after} -% the package \texttt{units.sty} whose homonymous command plays -% a different role and follows a different syntax. -% \end{enumerate} -% -% For this language a limited number of shortcuts has been defined, -% table~\ref{t:itshrtct}, some of which are used to overcome -% certain limitations of the Italian keyboard; in -% section~\ref{s:itkbd} there are other comments and hints in order -% to overcome some other keyboard limitations. -% -% \begin{table}[htb]\centering -% \begin{tabular}{cp{80mm}} -% |"| & inserts a compound word mark where hyphenation is legal; -% it allows etymological hyphenation which is recommended -% for technical terms, chemical names and the like; it -% does not work if the next character is represented with -% a control sequence or is an accented character.\\ -% \texttt{\string"\string|} -% & the same as the above without the limitation on -% characters represented with control sequences or accented -% ones.\\ -% |""| & inserts open quotes ``.\\ %^^A'' emacs matching -% |"<| & inserts open guillemots.\\ -% |">| & inserts closed guillemots.\\ -% |"/| & equivalent to |\slash| -% \end{tabular} -% \caption{Shortcuts for the Italian language}\label{t:itshrtct} -% \end{table} -% -% \StopEventually{% -% \begin{thebibliography}{1} -% \bibitem{CBec} Beccari C., ``Computer Aided Hyphenation for -% Italian and Modern Latin'', \textsf{TUGboat} vol.~13, n.~1, -% pp.~23-33 (1992). -% \bibitem{Becc2} Beccari C., ``Typesetting mathematics for science -% and technology according to ISO\,31/XI'', \textsf{TUGboat} -% vol.~18, n.~1, pp.~39-48 (1997). -% \end{thebibliography}} -% -% The macro |\LdfInit| takes care of preventing that this file is -% loaded more than once, checking the category code of the -% \texttt{@} sign, etc. -% \changes{italian-1.2i}{1996/11/03}{Now use \cs{LdfInit} to perform -% initial checks} -% \changes{italian-1.2j}{1996/12/29}{Added braces around second arg of -% \cs{LdfInit}} -% \begin{macrocode} -%<*code> -\LdfInit{italian}{captionsitalian}% -% \end{macrocode} -% -% When this file is read as an option, i.e. by the |\usepackage| -% command, \texttt{italian} will be an `unknown' language in which -% case we have to make it known. So we check for the existence of -% |\l@italian| to see whether we have to do something here. -% -% \changes{italian-1.0}{1991/04/23}{Now use \cs{adddialect} if -% language undefined} -% \changes{italian-1.0h}{1991/10/08}{Removed use of \cs{@ifundefined}} -% \changes{italian-1.1}{1992/02/16}{Added a warning when no -% hyphenation patterns were loaded.} -% \changes{italian-1.2e}{1994/06/26}{Now use \cs{@nopatterns} to -% produce the warning} -% \begin{macrocode} -\ifx\l@italian\@undefined - \@nopatterns{Italian}% - \adddialect\l@italian0\fi -% \end{macrocode} -% -% The next step consists of defining commands to switch to (and -% from) the Italian language. -% -% \begin{macro}{\captionsitalian} -% The macro |\captionsitalian| defines all strings used -% in the four standard document classes provided with \LaTeX. -% \changes{italian-1.0c}{1991/06/06}{Removed \cs{global} definitions} -% \changes{italian-1.0c}{1991/06/06}{\cs{pagename} should be -% \cs{headpagename}} -% \changes{italian-1.0d}{1991/07/01}{`contiene' substitued by `Allegati' -% as suggested by Marco Bozzo (\texttt{BOZZO@CERNVM}).} -% \changes{italian-1.1}{1992/02/16}{Added \cs{seename}, \cs{alsoname} -% and \cs{prefacename}} -% \changes{italian-1.1}{1993/07/15}{\cs{headpagename} should be -% \cs{pagename}} -% \changes{italian-1.2b}{1994/05/19}{Changed some of the words -% following suggestions from Claudio Beccari} -% \changes{italian-1.2g}{1995/07/04}{Added \cs{proofname} for -% AMS-\LaTeX} -% \changes{italian-1.2h}{1995/07/27}{Added translation of `Proof'} -% \begin{macrocode} -\addto\captionsitalian{% - \def\prefacename{Prefazione}% - \def\refname{Riferimenti bibliografici}% - \def\abstractname{Sommario}% - \def\bibname{Bibliografia}% - \def\chaptername{Capitolo}% - \def\appendixname{Appendice}% - \def\contentsname{Indice}% - \def\listfigurename{Elenco delle figure}% - \def\listtablename{Elenco delle tabelle}% - \def\indexname{Indice analitico}% - \def\figurename{Figura}% - \def\tablename{Tabella}% - \def\partname{Parte}% - \def\enclname{Allegati}% - \def\ccname{e~p.~c.}% - \def\headtoname{Per}% - \def\pagename{Pag.}% % in Italian the abbreviation is preferred - \def\seename{vedi}% - \def\alsoname{vedi anche}% - \def\proofname{Dimostrazione}% - \def\glossaryname{Glossario}% - }% -% \end{macrocode} -% \end{macro} -% -% \begin{macro}{\dateitalian} -% The macro |\dateitalian| redefines the command -% |\today| to produce Italian dates. -% \changes{italian-1.0c}{1991/06/06}{Removed \cs{global} definitions} -% \begin{macrocode} -\def\dateitalian{% - \def\today{\number\day~\ifcase\month\or - gennaio\or febbraio\or marzo\or aprile\or maggio\or giugno\or - luglio\or agosto\or settembre\or ottobre\or novembre\or - dicembre\fi\space \number\year}}% -% \end{macrocode} -% \end{macro} -% -% \begin{macro}{\italianhyphenmins} -% \changes{italian-1.2b}{1994/05/19}{Added setting of left and -% righthyphenmin according to Claudio Beccari's suggestion} -% -% The italian hyphenation patterns can be used with both -% |\lefthyphenmin| and |\righthyphenmin| set to~2. -% \changes{italian-1.2m}{2000/09/22}{Now use \cs{providehyphenmins} to -% provide a default value} -% \begin{macrocode} -\providehyphenmins{\CurrentOption}{\tw@\tw@} -% \end{macrocode} -% \end{macro} -% -% \begin{macro}{\extrasitalian} -% \begin{macro}{\noextrasitalian} -% -% \changes{italian-1.2b}{1994/05/19}{Added setting of club- and -% widowpenalty} -% Lower the chance that clubs or widows occur. -% \changes{italian-1.2t}{2007/12/10}{Added \cs{@clubpenalty} to the -% italian specific settings, otherwise any sectioning command restores -% it to the default value valid for english and most other languages} -% \begin{macrocode} -\addto\extrasitalian{% - \babel@savevariable\clubpenalty - \babel@savevariable\widowpenalty - \babel@savevariable\@clubpenalty - \clubpenalty3000\widowpenalty3000\@clubpenalty\clubpenalty}% -% \end{macrocode} -% -% \changes{italian-1.2b}{1994/05/19}{Added setting of -% finalhyphendemerits} -% -% Never ever break a word between the last two lines of a paragraph -% in italian texts. -% \begin{macrocode} -\addto\extrasitalian{% - \babel@savevariable\finalhyphendemerits - \finalhyphendemerits50000000}% -% \end{macrocode} -% -% \changes{italian-1.2h}{1995/11/10}{Now give the apostrophe a -% lowercase code} -% \changes{italian-1.2l}{1999/04/5}{Changed example ``begl'italiani'' -% (obsolete spelling) with another, ``nell'altezza'', that behaves -% the same way} -% In order to enable the hyphenation of words such as -% ``nell'altezza'' we give the \texttt{'} a non-zero lower case -% code. When we do that \TeX\ finds the following hyphenation -% points |nel-l'al-tez-za| instead of none. -% \begin{macrocode} -\addto\extrasitalian{% - \lccode`'=`'}% -\addto\noextrasitalian{% - \lccode`'=0}% -% \end{macrocode} -% \end{macro} -% \end{macro} -% -% \changes{italian-1.2m}{2000/01/05}{Support for etymological -% hyphenation} -% -% \subsection{Support for etymological hyphenation} -% -% In his article on Italian hyphenation \cite{CBec} Beccari pointed -% out that the Italian language gets hyphenated on a phonetic -% basis, although etymological hyphenation is allowed; this is in -% contrast with what happens in Latin, for example, where -% etymological hyphenation is always used. Since the patterns for -% both languages would become too complicated in order to cope with -% etymological hyphenation, in his paper Beccari proposed the -% definition of an active character `|_|' such that it could insert -% a ``soft'' discretionary hyphen at the compound word -% boundary. For several reasons that idea and the specific active -% character proved to be unpractical and was abandoned. -% -% This problem is so important with the majority of the European -% languages, that \babel\ from the very beginning developed -% the tradition of making the |"| character active so as to perform -% several actions that turned useful with every language. -% One of these actions consisted in defining the shortcut \verb="|= -% that was extensively used in German and in many other languages -% in order to insert a discretionary hyphen such that hyphenation -% would not be precluded in the rest of the word as it happens with -% the standard \TeX\ command |\-|. -% -% Meanwhile the \texttt{ec} fonts with the double Cork encoding -% (thus formerly called the \texttt{dc} fonts) have become more or -% less standard and are widely used by virtually all Europeans that -% write languages with many special national characters; by so -% doing they avoid the use of the |\accent| primitive which would -% be required with the standard \texttt{cm} fonts; with the latter -% fonts the primitive command |\accent| is such that hyphenation -% becomes almost impossible, in any case strongly impeached. -% -% The \texttt{ec} fonts contain a special character, named -% ``compound word mark'', that occupies position 23 in the font -% scheme and may be input with the sequence |^^W|. Up to now, -% apparently, this special character has never been used in a -% practical way for the typesetting of languages rich of compound -% words; also it has never been inserted in the hyphenation pattern -% files of any language. Beccari modified his pattern file -% \file{ithyph.tex v4.8b} for Italian so as to contain five new -% patterns that involve |^^W|, and he tried to give the -% \babel\ active character |"| a new shortcut definition, -% so as to allow the insertion of the ``compound word mark'' in the -% proper place within any word where two semantic fragments join -% up. With such facility for marking the compound word boundaries, -% etymological hyphenation becomes possible even if the patterns -% know nothing about etymology (but the typesetter hopefully -% does!). -% In Italian such etymological hyphenation is desirable with -% technical terms, chemical names, and the like. -% -% Even this solution proved to be inconvenient on certain UN*X -% platforms, so Beccari resorted to another approach that uses the -% \babel\ active character |"| and relies on the category -% code of the character that follows |"|. -% -% \changes{italian-1.2n}{2000/02/02}{Completely new etymological -% hyphenation facility} -% -% \begin{macrocode} -\initiate@active@char{"}% -\addto\extrasitalian{\bbl@activate{"}\languageshorthands{italian}}% -% \end{macrocode} -% \begin{macro}{\it@cwm} -% The active character |"| is now defined for language |italian| so -% as to perform different actions in math mode compared to text -% mode; specifically in math mode a double quote is inserted so as -% to produce a double prime sign, while in text mode the temporary -% macro |\it@next| is defined so as to defer any further action -% until the next token category code has been tested. -% \begin{macrocode} -\declare@shorthand{italian}{"}{% -\ifmmode - \def\it@next{''}% -\else - \def\it@next{\futurelet\it@temp\it@cwm}% -\fi -\it@next -}% -% \end{macrocode} -% \begin{macro}{\it@cwm} -% The \cs{it@next} service control sequence is such that upon its -% execution a temporary variable \cs{it@temp} is made equivalent to -% the next token in the input list without actually removing -% it. Such temporary token is then tested by the macro \cs{it@cwm} -% and if it is found to be a letter token, then it introduces a -% compound word separator control sequence \cs{it@allowhyphens} -% whose expansion introduces a discretionary hyphen and an -% unbreakable space; in case the token is not a letter, then it is -% tested against \verb=|=$_{12}$: if so a compound word separator -% is inserted and the \verb=|= token is removed, otherwise another -% test is performed so as to see if another double quote sign -% follows: in this case a double open quote mark is inserted, -% otherwise two other tests are performed so as to see if -% guillemets have to be inserted, otherwise nothing is done. -% The double quote shortcut for inserting a double open quote sign -% is useful for people who are inputting Italian text by means of -% an Italian keyboard that unfortunately misses the grave or -% backtick key. -% By this shortcut |""| becomes equivalent to |``| for inserting -% raised open high double quotes. -% \changes{italian-1.2r}{2005/11/17}{Added \cs{nobreak} to -% \cs{it@@cwm} and corrected \cs{it@next}} -% \begin{macrocode} -\def\it@@cwm{\nobreak\discretionary{-}{}{}\nobreak\hskip\z@skip}% -\def\it@@ocap#1{\it@ocap}\def\it@@ccap#1{\it@ccap}% -\DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@cwm}{\let\it@@next\relax -\ifcat\noexpand\it@temp a% - \def\it@@next{\it@@cwm}% -\else - \if\noexpand\it@temp \string|% - \def\it@@next{\it@@cwm\@gobble}% - \else - \if\noexpand\it@temp \string<% - \def\it@@next{\it@@ocap}% - \else - \if\noexpand\it@temp \string>% - \def\it@@next{\it@@ccap}% - \else - \if\noexpand\it@temp\string/% - \def\it@@next{\slash\@gobble}% - \else - \ifx\it@temp"% - \def\it@@next{``\@gobble}% - \fi - \fi - \fi - \fi - \fi -\fi -\it@@next}% -% \end{macrocode} -% \end{macro} -% \end{macro} -% -% -% \begin{sloppypar} -% By this definition of |"| if one types |macro"istruzione| the -% possible break points become \textsf{ma-cro-istru-zio-ne}, while -% without the |"| mark they would be \textsf{ma-croi-stru-zio-ne}, -% according to the phonetic rules such that the |macro| prefix is -% not taken as a unit. -% A chemical name such as \texttt{des"clor"fenir"amina"cloridrato} -% is breakable as \textsf{des-clor-fe-nir-ami-na-clo-ri-dra-to} -% instead of \textsf{de-sclor-fe-ni-ra-mi-na-...} -% -% In other language description files a shortcut is defined so as -% to allow a break point without actually inserting any hyphen -% sign; examples are given such as \mbox{entrada/salida}; actually -% if one wants to allow a breakpoint after the slash, it is much -% clearer to type |\slash| instead of |/| and \LaTeX\ does -% everything by itself; here the shortcut |"/| was introduced to -% stand for |\slash| so that one can type |input"/output| and allow -% a line break after the slash. -% This shortcut works only for the slash, since in Italian such -% constructs are extremely rare. -% \end{sloppypar} -% -% Attention: the expansion of |"| takes place before the actual -% expansion of OT1 or T1 accented sequences such as |\`{a}|; -% therefore this etymological hyphenation facility works as it -% should only when the semantic word fragments \textit{do not -% start} with an accented letter; this in Italian is always -% avoidable, because compulsory accents fall only on the last -% vowel, but it may be necessary to mark a compound word where one -% or more components come from a foreign language and contain -% diacritical marks according to the spelling rules of that -% language. In this case the special shorthand \verb!"|! may be -% used that performs exactly as |"| normally does, except that the -% \verb!|! sign is removed from the token input list: -% \verb!kilo"|{\"o}rsted! gets hyphenated as -% \texttt{ki-lo-\"or-sted}. -% -% \changes{italian-1.2l}{1999/04/05}{Added useful macros for -% fulfilling ISO 31/XI regulations} -% -% \subsection{Facilities required by the ISO 31/XI regulations} -% The ISO 31/XI regulations require that units of measure are -% typeset in upright font in any circumstance, math or text, and -% that in text mode they are separated from the numerical -% indication of the measure with an unbreakable (thin) space. -% The command |\unit| that was defined for achieving this -% goal happened to conflict with the homonymous command defined by -% the package \texttt{units.sty}; we therefore need to test if that -% package has already been loaded so as to avoid conflicts; we assume -% that if the user loads that package, s/he wants to use that package -% facilities and command syntax. -% -% The same regulations require also that super and subscripts -% (apices and pedices) are in upright font, \emph{not in math -% italics}, when they represent ``adjectives'' or appositions to -% mathematical or physical variables that do not represent -% countable or measurable entities such as, for example, -% $V_{\mathrm{max}}$ or $V_{\mathrm{rms}}$ for a maximum or a root -% mean square voltage, compared to $V_i$ or $V_T$ as the $i$-th -% voltage in a set, or a voltage that depends on the thermodynamic -% temperature $T$. See \cite{Becc2} for a complete description of -% the ISO regulations in connection with typesetting. -% -% More rarely it happens to use superscripts that are not -% mathematical variables, such as the notation -% $\mathbf{A}^{\!\mathrm{T}}$ to denote the transpose of matrix -% $\mathbf{A}$; text superscripts are useful also as ordinals or -% in old fashioned abbreviations in text mode; for example the -% feminine ordinal $1^{\mathrm{a}}$ or the old fashioned obsolete -% abbreviation F$^{\mathrm{lli}}$ for \mbox{Fratelli} in company -% names (compare with ``Bros.'' for \underline{bro}ther\underline{s} -% in American English); text subscripts are mostly used in logos. -% -% \begin{macro}{\unit} -% \begin{macro}{\ap} -% \begin{macro}{\ped} -% First we define the new (internal) commands |\bbl@unit|, |\bbl@ap|, -% and |\bbl@ped| as robust ones. -% \changes{italian-1.2q}{2005/02/05}{Added testing for avoiding conflicts -% with the units.sty package} -% \begin{macrocode} -\@ifpackageloaded{units}{}{% - \DeclareRobustCommand*{\bbl@unit}[1]{% - \textormath{\,\mbox{#1}}{\,\mathrm{#1}}}% - }% -\DeclareRobustCommand*{\bbl@ap}[1]{% - \textormath{\textsuperscript{#1}}{^{\mathrm{#1}}}}% -\DeclareRobustCommand*{\bbl@ped}[1]{% - \textormath{$_{\mbox{\fontsize\sf@size\z@ - \selectfont#1}}$}{_\mathrm{#1}}}% -% \end{macrocode} -% Then we can use |\let| to define the user level commands, but in -% case the macros already have a different meaning before entering -% in Italian mode typesetting, we first memorize their meaning so -% as to restore them on exit. -% \begin{macrocode} -\@ifpackageloaded{units}{}{% - \addto\extrasitalian{% - \babel@save\unit\let\unit\bbl@unit}% - }% -\addto\extrasitalian{% - \babel@save\ap\let\ap\bbl@ap - \babel@save\ped\let\ped\bbl@ped - }% -% \end{macrocode} -% \end{macro} -% \end{macro} -% \end{macro} -% -% \subsection{Accents}\label{s:itkbd} -% Most of the other language description files introduce a number -% of shortcuts for inserting accents and other language specific -% diacritical marks in a more comfortable way compared with the -% lengthy standard \TeX\ conventions. When an Italian keyboard is -% being used on a Windows based platform, it exhibits such -% limitations that up to now no convenient shortcuts have been -% developed; the reason lies in the fact that the Italian keyboard -% lacks the grave accent (also known as ``backtick''), which is -% compulsory on all accented vowels except the `e', but, on the -% opposite, it carries the keys with all the accented lowercase -% vowels; the keyboard lacks also the tie |~| (tilde) key, while -% the curly braces require pressing three keys simultaneously. -% -% The best solution Italians have found so far is to use a smart -% editor that accepts shortcut definitions such that, for example, -% by striking |"(| one gets directly |{| on the screen and the same -% sign is saved into the \file{.tex} file; the same smart editor -% should be capable of translating the accented characters into the -% standard \TeX\ sequences when writing a file to disk (for the -% sake of file portability), and to transform the standard \TeX\ -% sequences into the corresponding signs when loading a \file{.tex} -% file from disk to memory. Such smart editors do exist and can be -% downloaded from the \textsc{ctan} archives. -% -% \changes{italian-1.2p}{2002/07/10}{Removed redefinition of \cs{add@acc} since its -% functionality has been introduced into the kernel of LaTeX 2001/06/01} -% -% For what concerns the missing backtick key, -% which is used also for inputting the open quotes, it must be -% noticed that the shortcut |""| described above completely solves -% the problem for \textit{double} raised open quotes; according to -% the traditions of particular publishing houses, since there are -% no compulsory regulations on the matter, the French guillemets -% may be used; in this case the T1 font encoding solves the problem -% by means of its built in ligatures |<<| and |>>|. But\dots -% -% \subsection{\emph{Caporali} or French double quotes} -% Although the T1 font encoding ligatures solve the problem, there -% are some circumstances where even the T1 font encoding cannot be -% used, either because the author\slash typesetter wants to use the -% OT1 encoding, or because s/he uses a font set that does -% not comply completely with the T1 font encoding; some virtual -% fonts, for example, are supposed to implement the double Cork -% font encoding but actually miss some glyphs; one such virtual -% font set is given by the \texttt{ae} virtual fonts, because they -% are supposed to implement such double font encoding simply using -% the \texttt{cm} fonts, of which the type~1 PostScript version -% exists and is freely available. Since guillemets (in Italian -% \emph{caporali}) do not exist in any \texttt{cm} latin font, -% their glyphs must be substituted with something else that -% approaches them. -% -% \changes{italian-1.2q}{2005/02/05}{Redefined the caporali machinery -% so as to avoid incompatibilities with the slides class, as there -% are no Cyrillic slides fonts as there are for Latins script} -% -% Since in French typesetting guillemets are compulsory, the French -% language definition file resorts to a clever font substitution; -% such file exploits the \LaTeXe\ font selection machinery so as to -% get the guillemets from the Cyrillic fonts, because it suffices -% to locally change the default encoding. There are several sets of -% Cyrillic fonts, but the ones that obey the OT2 font encoding are -% generally distributed with all recent implementations of the -% \TeX\ software; they are part of the American Mathematical -% Society fonts and come both as \textsf{METAFONT} source files and -% Type~1 PostScript \texttt{.pfb} files. The availability of such -% fonts should be guaranteed by the presence of the -% \texttt{OT2cmr.fd} font description file. Actually the presence -% of this file does not guarantee the completeness of your \TeX\ -% implementation; should \LaTeX\ complain about a missing Cyrillic -% \texttt{.tfm} file (that kind of file that contains the font -% metric parameters) and/or about missing Cyrillic \texttt(.mf) -% files, then your \TeX\ system is \emph{incomplete} and you should -% download such fonts from the \textsc{ctan} archives. Temporarily -% you may issue the command |\LtxSymbCaporali| so as to approximate -% the missing glyphs with the \LaTeX\ symbol fonts. In some case -% warning messages are issued so as to inform the typesetter about -% the necessity of resorting to some \emph{poor man} solution. -% -% In spite of these alternate fonts, we must avoid invoking unusual -% fonts if the available encoding allows to use built in caporali. -% As far as I know (CB) the only T1-encoded font families that miss -% the guillemets are the AE ones; we therefore first test if the -% default encoding id the T1 one and in this case if the AE families -% are the default ones; in order for this to work properly it is -% necessary to load these optional packages \emph{before} \babel. -% If the T1 encoding is not the default one when the Italian language -% is specified, then some substitutions must be done. -% -% \begin{macro}{\LtxSymbCaporali} -% \begin{macro}{\it@ocap} -% \begin{macro}{\it@ccap} -% We define some macros for substituting the default guillemets; first the -% emulation by means of the \LaTeX\ symbols; each one of these macro sets -% actually redefines the control sequences |\it@ocap| and |\it@ccap| that -% are the ones effectively activated by the shortcuts |"<| and |">|. -% \begin{macrocode} -\def\LtxSymbCaporali{% - \DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ocap}{\mbox{% - \fontencoding{U}\fontfamily{lasy}\selectfont(\kern-0.20em(}% - \ignorespaces}% - \DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ccap}{\ifdim\lastskip>\z@\unskip\fi - \mbox{% - \fontencoding{U}\fontfamily{lasy}\selectfont)\kern-0.20em)}}% -}% -% \end{macrocode} -% Then the substitution with any specific font that contains such -% glyphs; it might be the CBgreek fonts, the Cyrillic one, the -% super-cm ones, the lm ones, or any other the user might prefer -% (the code is adapted from the one that appears in the -% \texttt{frenchb.ld} file; thanks to Daniel Flipo). -% By default if the user did not select the T1 encoding, the -% existence of the CBgreek fonts is tested; if they exist the -% guillemets are taken from this font, and since its families are a -% superset of the default CM ones and they apply also to typeset -% slides with the standard class \texttt{slides}. If the CBgreek -% fonts are not found, then the existence of the Cyrillic ones is -% tested, although this choice is not suited for typesetting -% slides; otherwise the poor man solution of the \LaTeX\ special -% symbols is used. In any case the user can force the use of the -% Cyrillic guillemets substitution by issuing the declaration -% |\CyrillicCaporali| just before the |\begin{document}| statement; -% in alternative the user can specify with -% \begin{flushleft} -% |\CaporaliFrom|\marg{encoding}\marg{family}\marg{opening number}\marg{closing number} -% \end{flushleft} -% the encoding and family of the font s/he prefers, and the slot -% numbers of the opening and closing guillemets respectively. For -% example if the T1-encoded Latin Modern fonts are desired the -% specific command should be -% \begin {flushleft} -% |\CaporaliFrom{T1}{lmr}{19}{20}| -% \end{flushleft} -% These user choices might be necessary for assuring the correct -% typesetting with fonts that contain the required glyphs and are -% available also in PostScript form so as to use them directly with -% \texttt{pdflatex}, for example. -% \begin{macrocode} -\def\CaporaliFrom#1#2#3#4{% - \DeclareFontEncoding{#1}{}{}% - \DeclareTextCommand{\it@ocap}{T1}{% - {\fontencoding{#1}\fontfamily{#2}\selectfont\char#3\ignorespaces}}% - \DeclareTextCommand{\it@ccap}{T1}{\ifdim\lastskip>\z@\unskip\fi% - {\fontencoding{#1}\fontfamily{#2}\selectfont\char#4}}% - \DeclareTextCommand{\it@ocap}{OT1}{% - {\fontencoding{#1}\fontfamily{#2}\selectfont\char#3\ignorespaces}}% - \DeclareTextCommand{\it@ccap}{OT1}{\ifdim\lastskip>\z@\unskip\fi% - {\fontencoding{#1}\fontfamily{#2}\selectfont\char#4}}} -% \end{macrocode} -% Then we set a boolean variable and test the default family; -% if such family has a name that starts with the letters ``ae'' -% then we have no built in guillemets; of course if the AE font -% family is chosen after the \babel\ package is loaded, the test -% does not perform as required. -% \begin{macrocode} -\def\get@ae#1#2#3!{\def\bbl@ae{#1#2}}% -\def\@ifT@one@noCap{\expandafter\get@ae\f@family!% -\def\bbl@temp{ae}\ifx\bbl@ae\bbl@temp\expandafter\@firstoftwo\else - \expandafter\@secondoftwo\fi}% -% \end{macrocode} -% We set another couple of boolean variables for testing the -% existence of the CBgreek or the Cyrillic fonts -% \begin{macrocode} -\newif\if@CBgreekEncKnown -\IfFileExists{lgrcmr.fd}% - {\@CBgreekEncKnowntrue}{\@CBgreekEncKnownfalse} -\newif\if@CyrEncKnown -\IfFileExists{ot2cmr.fd}% - {\@CyrEncKnowntrue}{\@CyrEncKnownfalse}% -% \end{macrocode} -% \begin {macro}{\CBgreekCaporali} -% \begin {macro}{\CyrillicCaporali} -% \begin {macro}{\T@unoCaporali} -% Next we define the macros |\CBgreekCaporali|, |\T@unoCaporali|, -% and |\CyrillicCaporali|; with the latter one we test the loaded -% class, and if it's \texttt{slides} nothing gets done. In any case -% each one of these declarations, if used, must be specified in the -% preamble. -% \begin{macrocode} -\def\CBgreekCaporali{\@ifclassloaded{slides}{% - \IfFileExists{lgrlcmss.fd}{\DeclareFontEncoding{LGR}{}{}% - \DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ccap}% - {\ifdim\lastskip>\z@\unskip\fi - {\fontencoding{LGR}\selectfont))}}% - \DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ocap}% - {{\fontencoding{LGR}\selectfont((}\ignorespaces}}% - {\LtxSymbCaporali}}% - {\DeclareFontEncoding{LGR}{}{}% - \DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ccap}% - {\ifdim\lastskip>\z@\unskip - \fi{\fontencoding{LGR}\selectfont))}}% - \DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ocap}% - {{\fontencoding{LGR}\selectfont((}\ignorespaces}}% - }% -\def\CyrillicCaporali{\@ifclassloaded{slides}{\relax}% - {\DeclareFontEncoding{OT2}{}{}% - \DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ccap}% - {\ifdim\lastskip>\z@\unskip\fi - {\fontencoding{OT2}\selectfont\char62\relax}}% - \DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ocap}% - {{\fontencoding{OT2}\selectfont\char60\relax}\ignorespaces}}}% -\@onlypreamble{\CBgreekCaporali}\@onlypreamble{\CyrillicCaporali}% -\def\T@unoCaporali{\DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ocap}{<<\ignorespaces}% - \DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ccap}{\ifdim\lastskip>\z@\unskip\fi>>}}% -% \end{macrocode} -% \end{macro} -% \end{macro} -% \end{macro} -% Now we can do some real setting; first we start testing the encoding; -% if the encoding is T1 we test if the font family is the AE one; if so, -% we further test for other possibilities -% \begin{macrocode} -\ifx\cf@encoding\bbl@t@one - \@ifT@one@noCap{% - \if@CBgreekEncKnown - \CBgreekCaporali - \else - \if@CyrEncKnown - \CyrilicCaporali - \else - \LtxSymbCaporali - \fi - \fi}% - {\T@unoCaporali}% -% \end{macrocode} -% But if the default encoding is not the T1 one, then the -% substitutions must be performed. -% \begin{macrocode} -\else - \if@CBgreekEncKnown - \CBgreekCaporali - \else - \if@CyrEncKnown - \CyrilicCaporali - \else - \LtxSymbCaporali - \fi - \fi -\fi -% \end{macrocode} -% \end{macro} -% \end{macro} -% \end{macro} -% -% \subsection{Finishing commands} -% The macro |\ldf@finish| takes care of looking for a -% configuration file, setting the main language to be switched on -% at |\begin{document}| and resetting the category code of -% \texttt{@} to its original value. -% \changes{italian-1.2i}{1996/11/03}{Now use \cs{ldf@finish} to wrap -% up} -% \begin{macrocode} -\ldf@finish{italian}% -%</code> -% \end{macrocode} -% -% \Finale -%% -%% \CharacterTable -%% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z -%% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z -%% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9 -%% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \# -%% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \& -%% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \) -%% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \, -%% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/ -%% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \< -%% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \? -%% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\ -%% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_ -%% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \| -%% Right brace \} Tilde \~} -%% -\endinput |