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-% ltubguid.ltx - documentation for ltugboat classes.
-%
-% Copyright 1994,1995,1996,2001,2005,2006 TeX Users Group.
-%
-% This file is part of the tugboat package.
-%
-% This work may be distributed and/or modified under the
-% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
-% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
-% The latest version of this license is in
-% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
-% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
-% version 2003/12/01 or later.
-%
-% This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
-%
-% The Current Maintainer of this work is the TeX Users Group
-% (http://tug.org/TUGboat).
-%
-% The list of all files belonging to the distribution is
-% given in the file `manifest.txt'.
-%
-% The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution
-% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with
-% extension .ins) which are part of the distribution.
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%
-% tubguide.bib -- the bibliography for this paper (apart from the
-% references to TUGboat itself)
-%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%
-\begin{filecontents}{tubguide.bib}
-% BibTeX bibliography file (generated by aux2bib)
-
-@Misc{Arseneau:url:1996,
- author = {Donald Arseneau},
- title = {The {\textsf{url}} package},
- year = {1996},
- howpublished = {Available from {\CTAN}, {\CTANref{url}}}
-}
-
-@Article{Baxter:TB15-3-331,
- author = {William Erik Baxter},
- title = {{{An object-oriented programming system in {\TeX}}}},
- journal = {{\TUB}},
- year = {1994},
- month = {September},
- volume = {15},
- number = {3},
- pages = {331--338}
-}
-
-@Misc{Duggan:moreverb:1996,
- author = {Angus Duggan and Rainer Sch{\umlaut{o}}pf and Victor Eijkhout and
- Robin Fairbairns},
- title = {The {\textsf{moreverb}} package},
- year = {1997},
- howpublished = {Available from {\CTAN}, {\CTANref{moreverb}}}
-}
-
-@Misc{Rahtz:hyperref:1997,
- author = {Sebastian Rahtz},
- title = {The {\textsf{hyperref}} system},
- year = 1997,
- howpublished = {Available from {\CTAN}, {\CTANref{hyperref}}}
-}
-
-@Book{Lamport:1994,
- author = {Leslie Lamport},
- title = {{\LaTeX}, a Document Preparation System},
- edition = {\nth{2}},
- year = {1994},
- publisher = {Addison-Wesley}
-}
-
-@Article{Ogawa:TB15-3-325,
- author = {Arthur Ogawa},
- title = {{{Object-oriented programming, descriptive markup, and {\TeX}}}},
- journal = {{\TUB}},
- year = {1994},
- month = {September},
- volume = {15},
- number = {3},
- pages = {325--330}
-}
-
-@Article{Rowley:TB15-1-63,
- author = {Chris Rowley},
- title = {{{{\LaTeXe} update, dateline: 31 January 1994}}},
- journal = {{\TUB}},
- year = {1994},
- month = {March},
- volume = {15},
- number = {1},
- pages = {63}
-}
-
-@Misc{Schoepf:verbatim:1996,
- author = {Rainer Sch{\umlaut{o}}pf},
- title = {The {\textsf{verbatim}} package},
- year = {1996},
- month = {June},
- howpublished = {Part of the \textsf{tools} bundle, available from {\CTAN},
- {\CTANref{tools}}}
-}
-
-@Article{Swift:TB16-3-269,
- author = {Matt Swift},
- title = {Modularity in {\LaTeX}},
- journal = {{\TUB}},
- year = {1995},
- volume = {16},
- number = {3},
- pages = {269--275}
-}
-
-@Misc{Vieth:mflogo:1995,
- author = {Ulrik Vieth},
- title = {The {\textsf{mflogo}} package},
- year = {1995},
- howpublished = {Available from {\CTAN}, {\CTANref{mflogo}}}
-}
-
-@Article{Whitney:TB10-3-378,
- author = {Ron Whitney and Barbara Beeton},
- title = {{{{\TUB} authors' guide}}},
- journal = {{\TUB}},
- year = {1989},
- month = {November},
- volume = {10},
- number = {3},
- pages = {378--385}
-}
-
-\end{filecontents}
-%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%
-% ctandir.sty -- an experimental style file to go with Donald
-% Arseneau's url.sty to perform some of the functions that we use the
-% \FAQverb stuff in the UK TUG FAQ for
-%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%
-\begin{filecontents}{ctandir.sty}
-%
-% Experimental CTAN location information macros for use with Donald
-% Arseneau's |url.sty|
-%
-% we need url.sty; we can rely on it to demand anything it needs of
-% LaTeX
-\IfFileExists{url.sty}%
- {\RequirePackage{url}}%
- {\PackageWarning{ctandir}{You should acquire a copy of url.sty}%
- \newcommand\urldef[3]{\def#1{\texttt{#3}}}%
- \let\url\texttt
- }
-%
-\newcommand\CTANdirectory[1]{\expandafter\urldef
- \csname CTAN@#1\endcsname\path}
-\newcommand\CTANfile[1]{\expandafter\urldef
- \csname CTAN@#1\endcsname\path}
-%
-% Use the standard label-referencing mechanism to get the warning for
-% an undefined label
-\newcommand\CTANref[1]{\expandafter\@setref\csname CTAN@#1\endcsname
- \relax{#1}}
-\end{filecontents}
-%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%
-\listfiles
-\setcounter{errorcontextlines}{999}
-\documentclass[harvardcite,final]{ltugboat}
-\usepackage{ctandir}
-\IfFileExists{booktabs.sty}%
- {\usepackage{booktabs}}%
- {\let\midrule\hline}
-%
-% only tell me important overfulls, please
-\hfuzz=2pt
-%
-% define CTAN addresses using the commands of the |ctandir| package
-\CTANdirectory{bibextract}{biblio/bibtex/utils/bibextract}
-\CTANdirectory{mflogo}{macros/latex/contrib/mflogo}
-\CTANdirectory{moreverb}{macros/latex/contrib/moreverb}
-\CTANdirectory{packages}{macros/latex/required}
-\CTANdirectory{tools}{macros/latex/required/tools}
-\CTANdirectory{tub-latex}{macros/latex/contrib/tugboat}
-\CTANdirectory{hyperref}{macros/latex/contrib/hyperref}
-%
-\CTANfile{cite}{macros/latex/contrib/cite/cite.sty}
-\CTANfile{tub-biblio}{digests/tugboat/biblio/tugboat.bib}
-\CTANfile{url}{macros/latex/contrib/misc/url.sty}
-%
-% commands that would be defined by changebar if we were using it:
-\providecommand\cbstart{}
-\providecommand\cbend{}
-%
-% this isn't really all that much of a `proof' copy
-\NoBlackBoxes
-%
-% ***** Commands provided by this paper *****
-%
-% Typeset the name of an environment, class, package, option, program
-\providecommand\envname[1]{\textsf{#1}}
-\providecommand\clsname[1]{\textsf{#1}}
-\providecommand\pkgname[1]{\textsf{#1}}
-\providecommand\optname[1]{\textsf{#1}}
-\providecommand\progname[1]{\textsf{#1}}
-%
-% A list of options for a package/class
-\newenvironment{optlist}{\begin{description}%
- \renewcommand\makelabel[1]{%
- \descriptionlabel{\mdseries\optname{##1}}}%
- \itemsep0.25\itemsep}%
- {\end{description}}
-%
-% A list of command names (using \mdwcmd, which as its name implies
-% comes from the work of Mark Wooding)
-\newenvironment{cmdlist}{\begin{description}%
- \renewcommand\makelabel[1]{%
- \descriptionlabel{\mdseries\mdwcmd##1}}%
- \itemsep0.25\itemsep}%
- {\end{description}}
-%
-\makeatletter
-\providecommand{\mdwcmd}[1]{%
- \expandafter\texttt\expandafter{\string#1}%
- \mdwcmd@i}
-\def\mdwcmd@i{\futurelet\@let@token\mdwcmd@ii}
-\def\mdwcmd@ii{%
- \let\@tempa\relax%
- \ifx\@let@token\bgroup%
- \def\@tempa##1{\texttt{\char`\{}\textit{##1}\texttt{\char`\}}\mdwcmd@i}%
- \fi%
- \ifx\@let@token[%
- \def\@tempa[##1]{\texttt{[}\textit{##1}\texttt{]}\mdwcmd@i}%
- \fi%
- \@tempa%
-}
-\makeatother
-%
-% for raggedy-footnotes (necessary for CTAN references, I find)
-\newcommand\raggedfoot{\rightskip=\raggedskip plus\raggedstretch\relax}
-%
-% To use umlauts in a bibliography entry in BibTeX 0.99, we have to
-% use a certain amount of subterfuge...
-\let\umlaut\"
-%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\begin{document}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%
-\title{The \LaTeXe\ \TUB{} Macros}
-\author{Robin Fairbairns}
-\address{University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory\\
- William Gates Building\\
- J J Thomson Avenue,\\
- Cambridge CB3 0FD,\\
- UK}
-\netaddress{rf@cl.cam.ac.uk}
-\personalURL{http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/rf/robin.html}
-\maketitle
-
-\section{Introduction}
-
-This note reports on a new set of macros for use by \TUB{} authors.
-The macros represent a development of the earlier \clsname{ltugboat} and
-\clsname{ltugproc} styles that were written for use with \LaTeX~2.09. The
-development was started by others than I, notably Sebastian Rahtz,
-Michel Goossens, Nico Poppelier and Johannes Braams; I have been
-assisted in my work both directly and indirectly by many others,
-including Barbara Beeton, Mimi Burbank and (of course) the \LaTeX3
-team.
-
-The ultimate aim of the work is to provide a single production
-environment for the whole of \TUB{}. That aim has not (yet) been
-achieved, though it is still believed to be achievable for a
-significant proportion of papers.\footnote{\TUB{} will continue to
-accept papers written using the `plain' macros; it's probably
-fanciful to hope that \emph{every} paper can be moulded into use
-within \LaTeX.}
-
-\section{Availability}
-
-\begin{sloppypar}
- The macros are released for general use, and are distributed via
- \CTAN{}\footnote{\raggedfoot From directory \CTANref{tub-latex}} in the usual
- \LaTeX{} way as files \path|tugboat.dtx| and \path|tugboat.ins|.
- When the\,\verb|.ins| file is processed by \LaTeX{}, the files
- \path|ltugboat.cls|, \path|ltugproc.cls| and \path|ltugbib.bst| (for
- ordinary production work) and \path|ltugcomn.sty| (a cooking pot of
- useful macros, for documentation, etc.)\ are produced. The\,\verb|.dtx|
- file may itself be processed by \LaTeX{} to produce a formatted
- (somewhat `literate') source listing for those who feel they need
- more detailed description of the macros than is offered in the
- present note.
-\end{sloppypar}
-
-The \TUB\ web site is at \url{http://tug.org/TUGboat}. It contains much
-information for authors and reviewers, all the back issues, and plenty
-more. In particular, sample documents for both regular articles and
-proceedings articles are available from \url{http://tug.org/TUGboat}.
-
-\section{The general structure of a paper}
-
-The author need not understand the details of the production of
-\TUB{}\Dash her business is to produce the text that the editor is to
-mould into the body of an issue.
-
-However, any modern author wants to be able to view the progress of
-her efforts; for this, she needs to use the \TUB{} class
-\path|ltugboat.cls|\Dash it defines the way an article in a normal issue of
-\TUB{} will appear, and is therefore a useful aid.
-
-Similarly, one submitting a paper for presentation at an annual \tug{}
-conference may use the \path|ltugproc.cls|, which will set the paper as it
-should appear in a proceedings issue of \TUB{}.
-
-Each paper, therefore, is written as a document that may stand on its
-own. It starts with a \cs{documentclass} command, and its body is
-enclosed in a \envname{document} environment. Each of the document
-classes specifies a set of options, described in the next two
-subsections (\ref{sec:boat-opts} and~\ref{sec:proc-opts}). In the
-ordinary course of events the author needn't bother with any of these
-options, since the defaults are designed for creating proof copies of
-papers.
-
-Since the author typesets her paper in a `proof mode', the paper's
-published appearance will differ from its appearance at the time of
-submission. The changes required in this process are the
-responsibility of the \TUB{} production team, and the author need not
-be concerned with them.
-
-\subsection{Class options: the \clsname{ltugboat} class}
-\label{sec:boat-opts}
-
-The \clsname{ltugboat} class accepts all the options of the
-\clsname{article} class (though it suppresses the font-size selection,
-one/two-side and one/two-column options).
-\begin{optlist}
-\item[draft] Set up for a draft copy of a paper (this is the default
- setting\Dash the author need not explicitly set it): page numbering
- to start at 1001, black marks for overfull boxes.
-\item[extralabel] Use the extra label-distinguishing mark in the body
- of the reference; see section~\ref{sec:biblio}.
-\item[final] Set up for the final copy of a paper: page numbering to
- come from elsewhere, no black marks.
-\item[harvardcite] Specify Harvard-style citation; see
- section~\ref{sec:biblio}.
-\item[noextralabel] Don't use the extra label-distinguishing mark in
- the body of the reference; see section~\ref{sec:biblio}.
-\item[nonumber] Sections are not to be numbered; section heading
- layout is to be as in the `plain' \pkgname{tugboat} styles.
-\item[numbersec] Sections, subsections and subsubsections are to be
- numbered (this is the default setting\Dash the author need not
- explicitly set it).
-\item[preprint] Set up for a preprint.
-
-\item[rawcite] Specify default (unnumbered) citation; see
- section~\ref{sec:biblio}.
-\end{optlist}
-
-\subsection{Class options: the \clsname{ltugproc} class}
-\label{sec:proc-opts}
-
-The \clsname{ltugproc} class accepts all of the options allowed with
-\clsname{ltugboat}. In addition, it accepts an option that specifies
-the year of the conference for which the paper is submitted. For
-example, the conference for \number\year\ would be specified by option
-%
-%% % although this paper will be published in 1996, it may be reprinted
-%% % again in the future, so let's calculate `this year' on the fly
-%% \newcount\y
-%% \y\year
-%% \divide\y100
-%% \multiply\y100
-%% \advance\y-\year
-%% \y-\y
-%
-% from 2000 on, the option is just the year
-\optname{tug\number\year}. Such an option may be necessary if the
-(detailed) type design of papers for the year's proceedings issue is
-changed by the year's editor. Unless ``instructions to authors''
-say otherwise, authors should not specify such an option, and
-\clsname{ltugproc} will choose an appropriate default.
-
-The class reads a configuration file
-\path|ltugproc.cfg|, in which you may specify the year by a command of
-the form:
-\begin{verbatim}[\small]
- \newcommand{\tugProcYear}{97}
-\end{verbatim}
-
-The class deals with two-digit year selections for conferences up to
-2069 (which date was chosen entirely at random, uninfluenced, of
-course, by the Unix\texttrademark Epoch\dots); however, the user
-should not feel constrained to write such confusing dates since
-\clsname{ltugproc} will cope with the full year number (4 digits, for
-quite a while yet).
-
-\section{Command syntax}
-\label{sec:syntax}
-
-We would have liked to offer perfectly uniform syntax for people to
-use when preparing their papers. Unfortunately, uniform syntax is not
-available with any widely-available set of macros (though see, for
-example, the discussions in \citeNP{Ogawa:TB15-3-325},
-\citeNP{Baxter:TB15-3-331}, and \citeNP{Swift:TB16-3-269}). In the
-circumstances, we have sought simply to keep to the spirit of
-Lamport's \citeyear{Lamport:1994}, as modified\footnote{The cited
- edition of Lamport's book documents the modified version of \LaTeX{},
- but it's worth emphasising that we use the modified version as the
- reference.} by the \LaTeXe{} work (see, for example,
-\citeNP{Rowley:TB15-1-63}).
-
-In the few cases that it has proved possible to emulate (what seems to
-a staid old \LaTeX{} programmer, such as the present author) the gay
-abandon of the syntax of the `plain' \pkgname{tugboat} styles
-\cite{Whitney:TB10-3-378}, we have done. Nevertheless, on the whole,
-the new \clsname{ltugboat} macros simply define \LaTeX{} commands and
-environments, or modify the definitions of \LaTeX{} `standard'
-commands. Section~\ref{sec:equiv} lists equivalences between macros
-defined by the `plain' package and those defined by the new package.
-
-The `down' side of this decision is, of course, the `welter of
-\LaTeX{} braces' that Barbara Beeton has been heard to complain of in
-production team discussions. One has to hope that the (near)
-uniformity of syntax offers those who think like Barbara some small
-recompense!
-
-\section{Divisions of the paper}
-\label{sec:divs-paper}
-
-Papers in \TUB{} may be subdivided in the normal way of a \LaTeX{}
-article (the classes are defined in terms of \LaTeX{}'s
-\clsname{article} class). Thus the author may use \cs{section},
-\cs{subsection}, \dots, \cs{paragraph} commands (but \cs{part} and
-\cs{subparagraph} from \clsname{article} are suppressed, and
-\cs{chapter}, which doesn't even appear in the parent class, receives
-the same treatment).
-
-Authors should note that the style of ordinary issues of \TUB{} makes
-no distinction between the titles of the divisions; the visual style
-relies on the section numbers to indicate where the divisions lie in
-the hierarchy. As a result, the un-numbered `\verb|*|' forms of the
-\cs{section}, etc., commands, are inappropriate. The
-\clsname{ltugboat} class therefore warns the author who (possibly
-inadvertently) uses one of these forms. (The author who wishes to use
-un-numbered sections throughout her paper may use the
-\optname{nonumber} class option (see~\ref{sec:boat-opts}).
-
-By contrast, whether or not sections are numbered in a conference
-proceedings issues of \TUB{} is a matter of that year's editor's
-choice (in collaboration with the \TUB{} team). If sections are not
-to be numbered, the use of `\texttt{*}' forms is inappropriate, and the
-class equally warns the author. Since the sections don't have
-numbers, references to section numbers don't work; they therefore
-(once they're resolved) warn the author of potential problems.
-
-Reference may, however, be made to the `title' of divisions of the
-paper, whether they are numbered or not. The \cs{nameref} command
-(which uses the technique developed for the \textsf{hyperref} package
-\cite{Rahtz:hyperref:1997}) permits such references; for example, the
-present section was introduced by:
-\begin{verbatim}[\small]
- \section{Divisions of the paper}
- \label{sec:divs-paper}
-\end{verbatim}
-and the command \verb|\nameref{sec:divs-paper}| produces
-`\nameref{sec:divs-paper}'.
-
-\subsection{Abstracts}
-
-The classes make provision for abstracts, but the provision is
-different for the two classes.
-
-The \clsname{ltugboat} class provides two environments, \envname{abstract}
-and \envname{longabstract}. The \envname{abstract} environment simply
-typesets its body as an un-numbered section whose title is
-`Abstract'. The \envname{longabstract} environment typesets its body in
-small text, and separates the abstract from the rest of the paper with
-a decorative line.
-
-The \clsname{ltugproc} class typesets abstracts as part of the title
-of the paper, below the names and addresses of the authors, but before
-the main body of the paper. Therefore, for proceedings articles, the
-\envname{abstract} environment must appear in the source of the paper
-\emph{before} the \cs{maketitle} command (it may even appear before
-\verb"\begin{document}", if the author so chooses).
-
-\subsection{Appendices}
-
-A paper may have appendices, which are expressed in exactly the same
-way as they would be in the \LaTeX{} article class:
-
-\begin{verbatim}[\small]
-\appendix
-\section{This is appendix A}
-...
-\section{This is appendix B}
-\end{verbatim}
-Which will produce `section' headings similar to:
-\begin{quote}
-\textbf{A\quad This is appendix A}
-\end{quote}
-
-\TUB{} articles may have a small extension to this format: this
-extension was originally developed for proceedings issues, but is also
-available in normal issues:
-
-\begin{verbatim}[\small]
-\begin{appendix}
-\section{This is the first one}
-...
-\end{appendix}
-\end{verbatim}
-Which will produce `section' headings similar to:
-\begin{quote}
-\textbf{Appendix A\quad This is the first one}
-\end{quote}
-
-In both cases, the subsections are numbered as normal (i.e., as
-`A.\ensuremath{n}' in normal \TUB{} papers, and not at all in
-proceedings classes).
-
-\section{Titles, addresses and so on}
-
-The title and author(s) of a paper are quoted using commands that are
-familiar (in syntax, at least) to most \LaTeX{} users; the \cs{title}
-command is exactly that used in the standard \LaTeX{} classes.
-
-The \cs{author} command is used once for each co-author of the paper,
-and for each \cs{author} there should be a \cs{address} command that
-gives a (postal) correspondence address. In addition (wherever
-possible), \TUB{} likes to quote an email address for authors: for
-this, the \cs{netaddress} command is used. Finally, each
-author may advertise a `home' Web page, using a \cs{personalURL} command.
-
-For example, the present paper has at its start:
-
-\begin{verbatim}[\small]
-\title{The New (\LaTeXe) \TUB{} Macros}
-\author{Robin Fairbairns}
-\address{University of Cambridge
- Computer Laboratory\\
- Pembroke Street,\\
- Cambridge, CB2 3QG,\\
- UK}
-\netaddress{rf@cl.cam.ac.uk}
-\personalURL{http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/...}
-\maketitle
-\end{verbatim}
-
-Since this paper is prepared for a normal issue of \TUB{} and
-therefore uses the \clsname{ltugboat} class, the \cs{maketitle} merely
-typesets the title of the paper and the author's name. The
-address(es) are typeset at the end of the paper where the author gives
-a \cs{makesignature} command.
-
-The \clsname{ltugproc} class typesets all the information about the
-author at the head of the paper, when the \cs{maketitle} is given;
-this class disallows the \cs{makesignature} command.
-
-Note that the author had a problem typesetting the above example
-verbatim: the lines are too long. If the information being given is
-to be typeset as ordinary text (as in the case of the \cs{address}
-line above), it can be `wrapped' perfectly happily, as in normal text.
-If one of the verbatim items (\cs{netaddress} or \cs{personalURL}
-commands) is going to be too wide for the column, what is the author
-to do? (Abbreviating the text, as in the \cs{personalURL} above, is
-\emph{not} usually an acceptable option!) Unfortunately, the \verb|%|
-sign is an entirely acceptable element of both email addresses and
-\acro{URL}s, so that the normal `fall-back' isn't available.
-Therefore, the classes typeset these electronic addresses in an
-environment where some of the characters (notably `\verb|.|' and
-`\verb|/|') are treated as word-divisions for the purposes of laying
-out the line. This is visible in the case of my personal \acro{URL},
-in the signature block at the end of the present paper.
-
-If the paper is the result of more than one author's labours, a sequence of
-\cs{author}, \cs{address}, \cs{netaddress} and \cs{personalURL}
-commands may be given, as in the following, which comes from a paper
-given at \tug'95 (slightly edited):
-
-\begin{verbatim}[\small]
-\author{Michel Goossens}
-\address{CN Division, CERN\\
- ...}
-\netaddress{...}
-
-\author{Sebastian Rahtz}
-\address{Elsevier Science Ltd\\
- ...}
-\netaddress{...}
-
-\author{Robin Fairbairns}
-\address{University of Cambridge
- Computer Laboratory\\
- ...}
-\netaddress{...}
-\personalURL{...}
-\end{verbatim}
-
-The class files will take care of arranging author names and addresses
-between the \cs{maketitle} and (possibly) \cs{makesignature} commands.
-
-\subsection{Compilation articles}
-
-\begin{sloppypar}
- Compilation articles are built from a set of contributed parts, and
- are under the general (sub-)\penalty0\relax\hskip0pt plus0pt minus0pt\relax
- editorship of the author\footnote{Or authors: there's no reason in
- particular that compilation articles should not be put together
- by more than one person.} of the article. The author of the article
- is presented (using \cs{author} and suchlike commands) in the usual
- way, and writes the introductory text. Each contributors' part then
- follows. The contributor's name is quoted in the \cs{contributor}
- command, which is an analogue of the \cs{author} command;
- contributors' \cs{address}, \cs{netaddress} or \cs{personalURL}.
- The \cs{contributor} command opens a group in which the contribution
- appears, and the contributor's signature (produced with a
- \cs{makesignature} command) closes the group. The general scheme
- looks like:
-\end{sloppypar}
-\begin{verbatim}[\small\makeescape\|\makebgroup\[\makeegroup\]]
-\title{Example compilation article}
-\author{Robin Fairbairns}
-\address{University of Cambridge ...}
-\netaddress{...}
- ...
- |emph[introductory text]
- ...
-\makesignature
-
-\contributor{Betsy the Dog}
-\address{Romsey Town, Cambridge}
- ...
- |emph[Betsy's contribution]
- ...
-\makesignature
-
-...
-\end{verbatim}
-
-\section{Verbatim text}
-\label{sec:verbatim}
-
-The classes do not at present provide the same wide range of
-facilities as the `plain' \pkgname{tugboat} style
-\cite{Whitney:TB10-3-378}; the author had hoped to `borrow' facilities
-from a package which is believed to be in development, but in the
-event that package has not materialised.
-
-For in-line verbatim text, authors should ordinarily employ the
-facilities of \LaTeX{} itself (the \cs{verb} macro). This macro, of
-course, is highly restricted as to its usage (primarily, that it may
-not appear in the argument of \emph{any} other macro, even
-\cs{footnote}).
-
-For `display verbatim' (to employ the term used by
-\citeANP{Whitney:TB10-3-378}), the classes add a small increment to
-the functionality of \LaTeX{}'s \envname{verbatim} environment, by
-introducing an optional argument. The optional argument may contain
-commands to be executed before starting the verbatim text; the set of
-commands which have useful effect is strictly limited, but the
-following are commonly used:
-\begin{itemize}
-\itemsep=0.2\itemsep
-\item Font size selection commands: for example, all the display
- verbatim in the present paper starts with:
-
- {\small\verb| \begin{verbatim}[\small]|}
-\item The command \cs{ruled}, which is available \emph{only} in
- \envname{verbatim}'s optional argument, and specifies that a
- column-wide rule should be drawn before and after the verbatim text
-\item One of the \cs{make*} commands,\footnote{\cs{makeescape},
- \cs{makebgroup}, \dots, \cs{makecomment}; used, for example, as
- \cs{makeescape}\cs{|}} which change the category code of
- characters within the verbatim text. This is (of course) a facility
- that should only be used with the utmost caution, but it can, for
- example, be employed to provide interesting effects by knowledgeable
- authors.
-\end{itemize}
-Two caveats about the use of this facility should be noted:
-\begin{itemize}
-\itemsep=0.2\itemsep
-\item The search for the optional argument can be confused by the
- appearance of a \verb|[| character as the first of the displayed
- verbatim. An author who wishes to start verbatim text with a
- \verb|[| character should provide an empty optional argument (i.e.,
- simply `\verb|[]|') to the \envname{verbatim} environment.
-\item The facility is lost when certain packages are loaded. An
- example is the \pkgname{verbatim} package
- \cite{Schoepf:verbatim:1996}, which redefines the \envname{verbatim}
- environment in its entirety. Of course, any package that loads
- \pkgname{verbatim} (such as \pkgname{moreverb},
- \shortciteNP{Duggan:moreverb:1996}) will necessarily have the same
- effect. (It should be noted that \pkgname{verbatim} and
- \pkgname{moreverb} provide some of the facilities that are available
- in the `plain' \pkgname{tugboat} styles, so that an author could
- reasonably be tempted to use them. There is no objection in
- principle to authors using these packages.)
-\end{itemize}
-
-\section{Floating inserts}
-
-The classes do not make any change to \LaTeX{}'s built-in provision
-for floating inserts, so that authors may generate figures and tables
-just as they would in any `normal' \LaTeX{} document. Figure and
-table captions, and labels referring to them, are also substantially
-untouched.
-
-However, since both classes typeset in two columns, authors must
-distinguish between the \envname{figure} and \envname{table} environments
-(which produce floats that are the same width as the column) and the
-\envname{figure*} and \envname{table*} (which produce floats that are the same
-width as the page).
-
-%\begin{itemize}
-%\item figures and tables as normal
-%\item captions and labels work whatever (i.e., no restriction on
-% numbering)
-%\item twocolumn setting implies distinction between \envname{figure} and
-% \envname{figure*}
-%\end{itemize}
-
-\section{Special-purpose typesetting}
-
-The classes define a rather large set of commands for special-purpose
-typesetting. Some of them are available for historical reasons only,
-and many are only useful in somewhat restricted circumstances. For
-this reason, the present paper only outlines a representative, small
-set of the macros.
-
-\subsection{Acronyms and logos}
-
-The classes provide macros that produce `correct' representations of a
-large number of acronyms and logos; a small representative selection is
-shown in figure~\ref{fig:acro-logo}. The sample documents at
-\url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/location.html} have a more complete list,
-and of course the class sources are the ultimate reference.
-\begin{figure}[htbp!]
- \begin{center}
- \begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}
- \small\textsl{\textsf{Macro}}&\small\textsl{\textsf{Output}}\\
- \midrule
- \verb|\ConTeXt| & \ConTeXt \\
- \verb|\Cplusplus| & \Cplusplus \\
- \verb|\CTAN| & \CTAN \\
- \verb|\eTex| & \eTeX \\
- \verb|\FAQ| & \FAQ \\
- \verb|\HTML| & \HTML \\
- \verb|\ISBN| & \ISBN \\
- \verb|\ISSN| & \ISSN \\
- \verb|\MacOSX| & \MacOSX \\
- \verb|\MathML| & \MathML \\
- \verb|\MF| & \MF \\
- \verb|\MP| & \MP \\
- \verb|\NTS| & \NTS \\
- \verb|\OMEGA| & \OMEGA \\
- \verb|\OTP| & \OTP \\
- \verb|\PDF| & \PDF \\
- \verb|\SGML| & \SGML \\
- \verb|\TUB| & \TUB \\
- \verb|\TUG| & \TUG \\
- \verb|\tug| & \tug \\
- \verb|\XML| & \XML \\
- \end{tabular}
- \end{center}
- \caption{A few of the classes' acronyms and logos}
- \label{fig:acro-logo}
-\end{figure}
-
-Authors are especially urged to note the \cs{acro} command, which is
-defined in the classes. The visual appearance of (mostly) lower-case
-English text, with interpolated acronyms in the same point size, is
-generally unpleasing. Therefore, the \cs{acro} command typesets its
-argument slightly smaller than it would otherwise appear: compare
-`\acro{URL}' (\verb|\acro{URL}|, as used above) with `URL'\@. Many
-macros that simply generate calls to \cs{acro} are defined by the
-classes; two examples, \cs{CTAN} and \cs{tug} of the list in
-figure~\ref{fig:acro-logo} have already been used in the present paper.
-
-\subsection{Other special typesetting}
-
-A small list of special typesetting commands follows: a large set of
-such commands is defined in the classes, but the list covers most of
-the `everyday' ones.
-\begin{cmdlist}
-\item[\cs{cmd}] Typeset a control sequence name. (The command
- \verb|\cs{fred}| is typeset as \cs{fred}.)
-\item[\env{environment}] Typeset an environment name as if at the
- start of the environment. (The command \verb|\env{fred}| is typeset
- as \env{fred}.)
-\item[\meta{arg}] Typeset a formal argument name. (The command
- \verb|\meta{fred}| is typeset as \meta{fred}.)
-\item[\Dash] Typeset an em-dash, surrounded by thin spa\-ces, only
- breakable \emph{after} the dash; this is the preferred method of
- specifying a dash in running text.
-\item[\dash] Typeset an en-dash, in the same way as \cs{Dash} does.
-\item[\nth{n}] Typeset an ordinal number. For example, \verb|\nth{1}| is
- set as \nth{1}, \verb|\nth{27}| is set as \nth{27}, and so on.
-\item[\sfrac{num}{denom}] Typeset a fraction to match running text;
- for example \verb|\sfrac{3}{4}| is set as \sfrac{3}{4}\,.
-\end{cmdlist}
-
-\section{Use of packages}
-
-In general, the \TUB{} team will be sympathetic to authors who wish to
-use non-standard packages in their papers; indeed, in a journal
-devoted to the usage of \TeX{}, the editor would be churlish indeed to
-refuse such usage. However, the team does need to be able to process
-the paper on the \TUB{} production computers, and the author who is
-slapdash about the way she submits her paper will cause confusion and
-delay. (Remember that the editorial team is a group of volunteers,
-each working in his or her spare time.)
-
-In general, packages currently on \CTAN, and known to work with
-\emph{current} \LaTeX{},\footnote{The team's version of \LaTeX{} is
- regularly updated, though not during the course of a production
- run.} are unlikely to give problems.
-
-In particular, the team is happy to accept papers using packages
-that are supported by members of the \LaTeX3 team,\footnote{%\raggedfoot
- Those in the \LaTeX{} base distribution, or one of those on the
- \CTANref{packages} sub-tree on \CTAN.} subject to the two provisos:
-\begin{itemize}
-\itemsep=0.2\itemsep
-\item Use of the \pkgname{verbatim} package has implications for the
- \envname{verbatim} facilities provided by the classes\Dash see
- section~\ref{sec:verbatim}.
-\item Use of \pkgname{babel} almost inevitably implies use of
- hyphenation patterns that the team may not have installed in their
- \LaTeX{} format; it is therefore important that the author explains
- her \pkgname{babel} configuration to the editorial team. The
- minimum documentation required is a copy of the author's
- \url{language.dat} file, and copies (or \CTAN{} pointers to) any
- hyphenation files used.
-\end{itemize}
-
-Usage of other packages should always be subject to negotiation with
-the team. If the team does not have access to a copy of the package,
-life is going to be very difficult; authors are urged to be sensible
-in this regard. A sensible mechanism for submitting
-out-of-the-ordinary packages (as for paper-specific bibliographies) is
-by use of the \envname{filecontents} environment.
-
-\cbstart
-\tug{} has a policy that macro packages described in \TUB{} should be
-available for readers to use. Since typing macros from printed
-sources is such an error-prone undertaking, authors of publicly
-available packages are urged to submit their macros to the \CTAN{}
-archives. If a package is only available under restricted terms,
-authors are urged to make this fact clear when first submitting an
-article to the editor.
-\cbend
-
-Some facilities are considered inappropriate to delivery by the
-\TUB{} classes, and as a result, the \TUB{} team recommend certain
-packages to authors.
-
-At present, the list of recommended packages consists of only two,
-\path|mflogo.sty| \cite{Vieth:mflogo:1995} and \path|url.sty|
-\cite{Arseneau:url:1996}.
-
-Both classes will load the \pkgname{mflogo} package if it is present on the
-author's system; if the package is not present, the classes will
-emulate its more important features; the package defines \MF{} and
-\MP{} logos using recent versions of Knuth's \verb|logo10| font family.
-
-The \pkgname{url} package is useful when one is typesetting significant
-numbers of file names, network addresses or \acro{URL}s; it is being
-used in the present paper (not least in the bibliography).
-
-\section{Bibliography}
-\label{sec:biblio}
-
-Bibliographic citations give much grief to the editorial team. Good
-publishing practice requires that there be editorial control of the
-way citations in a journal are presented yet, all too often, authors
-submit articles whose bibliography is formatted according to their
-preference. The important rules for authors, then, are that they
-\emph{shouldn't} supply a \verb|.bbl| file (\BibTeX{} processed output),
-and that they \emph{shouldn't} write out a \envname{thebibliography}
-environment, but should rather submit a working \verb|.bib| file with their
-paper.\footnote{The program \progname{bibextract}, available from
- \CTAN{} in directory \CTANref{bibextract}, provides a convenient
- mechanism for extracting just the relevant portions of your
- bibliography database for submitting your paper; many of the common
- \BibTeX{}-database management packages, such as \textsc{BibDB} or
- \textsc{Bib}Tools offer similar facilities.} As with uncommon
-packages, the \envname{filecontents} environment is a convenient way to
-deliver the bibliography file.
-
-A special case is made of the accumulated bibliography of \TUB{}
-itself;\footnote{\raggedfoot Available on \CTAN{} as
- \CTANref{tub-biblio}} it is always available to the production team,
-so that authors may make reference to items from that \verb|.bib| file
-without further ado.
-
-Two citation styles are supported within \TUB{} articles, `\emph{raw}'
-and `\emph{harvard}' (the present article is employing \emph{harvard}
-citation). The raw citation style uses the `standard'
-\BibTeX{} `\pkgname{plain}' (numeric) citation style; its modification
-by use of Donald Arseneau's \pkgname{cite}
-package\footnote{\raggedfoot Available on \CTAN{} as \CTANref{cite}}
-is acceptable. Raw citation is selected by default (by execution of
-class option \optname{rawcite}).
-
-Harvard citation may be selected by specifying \optname{harvardcite} as an
-option of the \cs{documentclass} command. The macros used derive
-pretty directly from the \textsl{\pkgname{harvard}} styles written by Glenn
-Paulley and now maintained by Peter Williams; the \BibTeX{} style
-derives from one developed by Patrick Daly.
-
-The basic citation format is `author-year', but the macros are capable
-of many variations: this in turn places somewhat of a load on the
-author to use the correct citation macro. The macros available are
-shown in figure~\ref{fig:citation-macros}; the figure assumes an entry
-in the bibliography with authors Tom, Dick, and~Harry, and with a
-1990 date.
-
-\begin{figure}[htbp!]
- \begin{center}
- \leavevmode
- \begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}% @{ $\rightarrow$ } between columns removed
- \small\textsf{\textsl{Macro}} &\small\textsf{\textsl{Output}}\\
- \midrule
- \verb|\cite{key}| & (Tom, Dick, and Harry, 1990)\\
- \verb|\citeA{key}| & (Tom, Dick, and Harry)\\
- \verb|\citeNP{key}| & Tom, Dick, and Harry, 1990\\
- \verb|\citeANP{key}| & Tom, Dick, and Harry\\
- \verb|\citeN{key}| & Tom, Dick, and Harry (1990)\\
- \verb|\shortcite{key}| & (Tom et al., 1990)\\
- & [also has \texttt{A} and \texttt{NP}
- variants]\\
- \verb|\citeyear{key}| & (1990)\\
- & [also has an \texttt{NP} variant]
- \end{tabular}
- \end{center}
- \caption{The range of citations in \optname{harvard} style}
- \label{fig:citation-macros}
-\end{figure}
-
-Note that, if Tom, Dick, and Harry are a prolific team, there can
-easily be more than one reference to their work in one year. In such
-a case, the citations will be (Tom, Dick, and Harry, 1990a), (Tom,
-Dick, and Harry, 1990b), and so on. These extra `a', `b', etc., tags
-may also appear in the references section of the paper, attached to
-the year recorded for the reference: whether this indeed happens is
-controlled by the \optname{extralabel} and \optname{noextralabel} class
-options. The default state (option \optname{extralabel}) attaches the
-extra characters.
-
-Bibliographies provide further problems because they're notoriously
-difficult to typeset at the best of times. \LaTeX{} sets \cs{sloppy}
-when typesetting the bibliography, but this can often lead to pretty
-unpleasant output in the narrow columns typical of \TUB{}. The author
-may control the typesetting using the command
-\cs{SetBibJustification}. The classes set \cs{sloppy}, by default
-(just like \LaTeX{}), but the author may (for example) say:
-\begin{verbatim}
- \SetBibJustification{\raggedright}
-\end{verbatim}
-as the present article does, to achieve somewhat better results.
-
-\section{Equivalences between the `plain' and the \LaTeX{} packages}
-\label{sec:equiv}
-
-A good proportion of the commands in the `plain' packages also appear
-(with the same meaning) in the \LaTeX{} classes.
-Figure~\ref{fig:plain-equiv} gives a brief summary of where the macros
-differ significantly.
-
-\begin{figure}[htbp]
- \begin{center}
- \leavevmode
- \begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}
- \small\textsf{Plain macro} & \small\textsf{\LaTeX{} macro} \\
- \midrule
- \cs{head} & \cs{section} \\
- \cs{subhead} & \cs{subsection} \\
- \cs{subsubhead} & \cs{subsubsection} \\
- \cs{list} & \envname{itemize}, \envname{enumerate}, etc., \\
- & environments \\
- \cs{verbatim} & \envname{verbatim} or \cs{verb} \\
- \cs{figure} & \envname{figure} or \envname{figure*} environments \\
- \end{tabular}
- \end{center}
- \caption{Equivalences between \pkgname{plain} and \LaTeX{} macros}
- \label{fig:plain-equiv}
-\end{figure}
-
-\LaTeX{} itself makes comprehensive provision for lists; the \TUB{}
-classes make no attempt to emulate the list facilities of the `plain'
-macros.
-
-The `plain' styles' provision for verbatim text is also somewhat
-different from the \LaTeX{} approach; the \TUB{} classes offer a small
-subset of the extra facilities that the `plain' styles provide; for
-more elaborate facilities, the user is referred to the
-\pkgname{verbatim} and \pkgname{moreverb} packages (see
-section~\ref{sec:verbatim}).
-
-Of course, the syntax of commands given to the \LaTeX{} classes is
-different (as discussed in section~\ref{sec:syntax}); arguments are
-(almost always) enclosed in braces, and neither of the forms of
-argument provision promulgated by the `plain' macros
-(\cs{macro}\meta{argument}\linebreak[0]\cs{endmacro} and
-\cs{macro * }\meta{argument}\verb| *|) are provided by the \LaTeX{}
-classes.
-
-%\EdNote[Should I mention the lack of \cs{every*} token registers (for
-%all sorts of instances of \texttt{*}?)]
-
-\SetBibJustification{\raggedright}
-\bibliography{tubguide}
-
-\makesignature
-
-\end{document}
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