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+%% file: TXSfmts.doc - Formats and Style Files - TeXsis version 2.18
+%% @(#) $Id: TXSfmts.doc,v 18.3 2001/04/06 21:52:07 myers Exp $
+%======================================================================*
+% (C) copyright 1994-2000 by Eric Myers and Frank E. Paige.
+% This file is a part of TeXsis. Distribution and/or modifications
+% are allowed under the terms of the LaTeX Project Public License (LPPL).
+% See the file COPYING or ftp://ftp.texsis.org/texsis/LPPL
+%======================================================================*
+\ifx\undefined\bs \texsis\input TXSdocM.doc\input Manual.aux\fi
+
+\section{Style Files and Specialized Formats \label{sect.fmts}}
+
+Section~\use{sect.papers} described the basic layout of a \TeXsis\
+document and the |\paper|, |\preprint|, |\Manuscript| and |\book| macros
+for typesetting simple documents. It is often necessary to modify the
+details of the layouts for such documents, particularly when submitting
+camera ready manuscripts for conference proceedings. Since \TeXsis\ is
+built on plain \TeX, you can of course use the full power of \TeX\ to
+format a document as you please. However, \TeXsis\ contains macros to
+produce documents in several of the common formats used in the physics
+community. These and other specialized formats are described in this
+section.
+
+It would be very inefficient for \TeXsis\ to load the definitions of all
+of the possible document styles listed below when at most only one of
+them will be used. \TeXsis\ therefore puts these specialized
+definitions in files known as ``style'' files (which generally have
+filename extensions of ``|.txs|'') and only loads the particular style
+file when it is needed. Besides saving space this also allows for quite
+a bit of flexibility, because it is easy to modify style files or to
+create new ones. For example, if the proceedings of a conference must
+be typeset in a particular way (as is often the case) then the commands
+to set-up a document in exactly the right way can be put in a style file
+and e-mailed to all conference participants. Another use of specialized
+style files is to define a \cs{thesis} format which conforms to the
+rules and regulations of a particular university.
+
+
+%=========================*
+\subsection{Specialized Document Styles \label{sect.styles}}
+
+The following styles for various conference proceeding formats,
+journals, and thesis formats are distributed with \TeXsis~\fmtversion.
+Use these in place of |\paper| or |\preprint|. The name of the style
+file from which the definitions are loaded is shown in brackets.
+%
+\description{XNorthHollandTwo\quad}\clump
+%
+\itm{\CS{AIPproceedings}}
+Similar to |\paper|, but specialized to the American Institute of
+\hbox{Physics} (AIP) format. [AIP.txs]
+%
+\itm{\CS{IEEEproceedings}}
+An IEEE format using oversized double column paper. See \Sect{dcol}.
+[IEEE.txs]
+%
+\itm{\CS{IEEEreduced}}
+An IEEE format reduced to 75\% of full size and printed with 9~pt.\
+type for $8\frac{1}{2}\,{\rm in} \times 11\,{\rm in}$ paper. [IEEE.txs]
+%
+\itm{\CS{NorthHolland} }
+Format for producing camera-ready copy for proceedings published by
+North-Holland/Elsevier. This is a single column format with titles
+and authors left justified and in eleven point type. [Elsevier.txs]
+%
+\itm{\CS{NorthHollandTwo}}
+The North-Holland double column format for oversized paper.
+[Elsevier.txs]
+%
+\itm{\CS{nuclproc}}
+The ``NUCLPROC'' style for Nuclear Physics Proceedings. [nuclproc.txs]
+%
+\itm{\CS{WorldScientific}}
+Similar to |\paper|, but specialized to the World Scientific
+proceedings format. [WorldSci.txs]
+%
+\itm{\CS{PhysRev}}
+Emulates the page layout and appearance of the {\sl Physical Review}.
+[PhysRev.txs]
+%
+\itm{\CS{PhysRevManuscript}}
+Similar to |\Manuscript| but customized for papers submitted to the
+{\sl Physical Review}. [PhysRev.txs]
+%
+\itm{\CS{thesis}}
+Similar to \cs{book}, but for printing a thesis. The default
+|\thesis| format conforms to the requirements of the Yale
+Graduate School, but it can (and probably should) be modified for
+your own installation. [thesis.txs]
+%
+\enddescription
+Other even more specialized styles are available, and some of them
+can be found on the \TeXsis\ anonymous ftp server, in the directory
+|/pub/texsis/styles|.
+
+\bigskip
+
+The IEEE and North Holland double column formats in the list above use
+the double column macros described in Sect.~\use{sect.dcol}. For
+example, \cs{NorthHollandTwo} sets up a document with an overall width
+of 21.3~cm, a page length of 27.1~cm and a column width of 10.0~cm.
+(Note that this is just about as wide or a little wider than most
+small laser printers can print, so provisions have been made for
+shifting the printed page horizontally to print one column at a time
+if necessary.) A document printed with this format might have the
+following basic structure:
+\TeXexample
+|smalltt\texsis
+\NorthHollandTwo % set up double columns
+\titlepage % but still single column mode
+
+ |<title page material>
+
+\endtitlepage % ends the title material
+\doublecolumns % now start double column mode
+
+ |<text of paper>
+
+\enddoublecolumns % balance the final columns
+\bye
+|endTeXexample
+\noindent
+Saying \cs{NorthHollandTwo} only defines the double column layout; it
+does not turn on double column mode. The title material is printed in
+single column format across the full page width, then the main body is
+printed in double column format once \cs{doublecolumns} appears. It is
+important to say \cs{enddoublecolumns} at the end of the document to
+balance the columns on the last page. Formatting text in balanced
+double columns can be quite tricky, so you should read \Sect{dcol}
+carefully before trying to use any of the double column macros.
+
+%==============================*
+\subsubsection{Physical Review Formats}
+
+The \CS{PhysRevManuscript} style is similar to \cs{Manuscript} but is
+customized to satisfy the requirements for manuscripts submitted to
+the {\sl Physical Review}. It uses true double
+spacing, and it places the tables and figure captions at the end of
+the document. By simply switching from this to \cs{preprint} you should
+be able to produce a version suitable for distribution as a preprint
+from the same manuscript file.
+
+The \CS{PhysRev} and \CS{PhysRevLett} styles are not intended for
+submission but rather emulate the page layouts in the {\sl Physical
+Review} and {\sl Physical Review Letters} respectively. We have
+attempted to reproduce accurately the double column layout, headlines,
+footlines, reference style, etc., used in the actual journals. This
+is still work in progress, but it may be useful both to see how a
+paper would look in print and as an example for constructing other
+styles. Setting up the headlines and page numbering requires calling
+a few extra macros:
+%
+\example
+|\texsis| \n
+|\PhysRev| \n
+|\TitleBanner{|\meta{Running Title Headline}|}| \n
+|\AuthorBanner{|\meta{Running Author Headline}|}| \n
+|\VolumeBanner{|\meta{series}|}{|\meta{vol}|}{|\meta{issue}%
+|}{|\meta{page}|}| \n
+|\titlepage| \n
+...
+\endexample
+%
+In |\VolumeBanner| the \meta{series} should be one of A, B, C, D, E,
+for the {\sl Physical Review} or L for {\sl Physical Review Letters};
+the volume, issue, and starting page arguments are self-explanatory.
+Both \CS{PhysRev} and \CS{PhysRevLett} typeset the document in double
+columns, so to make full use of these layouts you will need to read
+about the double column macros described in \Sect{dcol}.
+In particular, you should be aware of the following: in both the
+\CS{PhysRev} and \CS{PhysRevLett} styles, double column mode is begun
+automatically at the end of the title material (\cs{endtitlepage}).
+Since any double column material is inside a group, any definitions made
+at that point will only be defined inside that group. If you want to
+define macros for use in the rest of your paper, you should do so before
+the title material (or use \cs{gdef}).
+
+
+%=========================*
+\subsubsection{Thesis or Dissertation Format}
+
+The style file {\tt \idx{thesis.txs}} contains two alternative
+definitions of \CS{thesis}, one for Yale University (called
+|\YaleThesis|) and the other for the University of Texas at Austin
+(called |\UTthesis|). The default is that saying \CS{thesis} gives you
+|\YaleThesis|, but this is easily changed by saying |\let\thesis=\UTthesis|.
+
+If you are not at Yale or UT you will need to change the
+macros in |thesis.txs| to create your own version of the \CS{thesis}
+macro. Every university has different requirements for how a thesis is
+typed or typeset, and these requirements often conflict. Perhaps the
+first thing you should do if you want to write a thesis using \TeXsis\
+is find out if someone else at your university has already done so, and
+then copy their definition of \CS{thesis}. If you end up creating a
+new style file for your university then we hope that you will make it
+available for other students to use. We would also be willing to help,
+by putting such style files on the \TeXsis\ anonymous ftp server.
+If you have such a file (or other macros) you would like to contribute,
+send us e-mail at {\tt texsis@texsis.org}.
+
+
+%=========================*
+\subsection{Creating New Styles}
+
+It is very easy to create a new document style and style file.
+By convention, \TeXsis\ style files end with the filename extension
+``|.txs|,'' so all you need to do is put the definitions and macros
+defining this new document style into such a file, and then read that
+file in when beginning the document. For example, suppose you create a
+style file called |mine.txs| which contains a document style called
+|\mystyle|, which is a slightly altered version of \cs{paper}:
+\TeXexample
+\def\mystyle{\paper
+ \hsize=|<dimen>
+ \vsize=|<dimen>
+ \showsectIDfalse
+ ...
+ }
+|endTeXexample
+\noindent
+You could then simply read in this file at the beginning of the document,
+with \cs{input}, and then invoke |\mystyle|, like so,
+\TeXexample
+\input mine.txs
+\mystyle
+|endTeXexample
+
+However, you may have noticed that none of the special document styles
+mentioned in \Sect{styles} were actually loaded with \cs{input},
+although they are in fact read from a style file. This was done using
+the \CS{autoload} command. Saying
+\TeXexample
+\autoload\AIPproceeings{AIP.txs}
+|endTeXexample
+defines |\AIPproceeings| to be a simpler instruction which, if invoked,
+automatically loads the style file |AIP.txs|, which contains the real
+definition of |\AIPproceedings|. After the style file has been loaded
+this real |\AIPproceedings| is automatically called. It then appears as
+if the definition of the macro was in \TeXsis's memory all the time,
+though it really was only loaded from the file when called for.
+
+As a practical example of using \CS{autoload}, suppose that you are a
+student at Excited State University and you want to create a customized
+\cs{thesis} macro which will load automatically from a style file called
+|ESUthesis.txs|. You could copy the macros in the file |thesis.txs|
+to this new file, and then edit them as needed. Then, to make the
+new definition load automatically you would say
+\TeXexample
+\autoload\thesis{ESUthesis.txs}
+|endTeXexample
+\noindent
+To make this new definition of \cs{thesis} available to
+anyone using \TeXsis\ on your machine you would want to put this
+\CS{autoload} command in the file |TXSsite.tex| before building the
+\TeXsis\ format. This is described in more detail in Appendix~\use{install}.
+To make the new definition automatically available just to you in your
+thesis directory you could put the command in a file called
+|TXSmods.tex| in that directory.
+
+Important note: many \TeXsis\ style files and source files use the ``|@|''
+character in the names of macros which are to be ``hidden'' from the
+casual user. Since ``|@|'' is not a letter these macros can't normally
+be used. If you are writing a style file which needs to use these
+hidden macros you should say \CS{ATunlock} first, to make ``|@|'' a
+letter, and then \CS{ATlock} when you are done to turn ``|@|'' back
+into a non-letter.
+
+
+
+
+\Ignore % The stuff below is maybe way too technical?
+
+You may also need to make changes in some of more complicated macros.
+This is most easily made by copying the original definition from one
+of the |TXSxxxx.tex| files into |mine.txs| and editing it. For
+example, if you want the abstract to be in 9~pt.\ type, copy the
+definition of |\abstract| from |TXStitle.tex| and add |\ninepoint| to
+it:
+%
+\TeXexample
+|smalltt\def\abstract{% begin abstract of a paper or treatise
+ \endmode % end any previous field
+ \bigskip\bigskip % some space above
+ \centerline{ABSTRACT}% % ``ABSTRACT''
+ \medskip % space below that
+ \bgroup % begin \abstract group
+ \let\endmode=\endabstract % \endmode ends \abstract
+ \narrower\narrower % bring in margins
+ \ninepoint % NEW FOR \mystyle STYLE
+ \singlespaced} % single spaced
+|endTeXexample
+
+While some of the macros you need to change may be complicated, the
+changes \hbox{you} will actually need to make will probably still be fairly
+simple. For example, in the definition of |\section| in |TXSsects.tex|
+you probably want to change only the part that actually prints the
+section heading. This is a small part of the whole and is reasonably
+well commented. The default is to print the section head left
+justified, ragged right, with a hanging indentation whose width is set
+by the section number:
+%
+\TeXexample
+|smalltt%
+% Print the Section title:
+%
+ \ifx\tbf\undefined\def\tbf{\bf}\fi % default \tbf is \bf
+ \vbox{% % keep heading in \vbox
+ {\raggedright %
+ \pretolerance=2000\hyphenpenalty=2000 % no hyphenation
+ \setbox0=\hbox{\noindent\tbf\@fullID}%% find width of ID
+ \hangindent=\wd0 \hangafter=1 % for hanging indent
+ \noindent\unhbox0{\tbf{#1}}\relax % number and title
+ \medskip}}% %
+ \nobreak %
+|endTeXexample
+%
+If instead you want the section headings to be centered with two
+spaces (|\ \ |) after the number, you can replace this part of the
+|\section| macro
+%
+\TeXexample
+|smalltt%
+% Print the Section title:
+%
+ \ifx\tbf\undefined\def\tbf{\bf}\fi % default \tbf is \bf
+ \vbox{% % keep heading in \vbox
+ {\raggedcenter % USE RAGGED CENTER
+ \tbf\@fullID\ \ #1 % ID AND TITLE
+ \endraggedcenter % END RAGGED CENTER
+ \medskip}}% %
+ \nobreak %
+|endTeXexample
+%
+\noindent
+You can leave the rest of the \cs{section} macro alone and it will work
+as before.
+
+\endIgnore
+
+
+
+%==================================================*
+\subsection{Overhead Transparencies (Slides)}
+
+\TeXsis\ contains a simple \CS{slides} format for making overhead
+transparencies or similar material.
+While \TeX\ is not a convenient language for graphical page layout, it
+is sometimes useful to be able to convert a paper to transparencies or
+visa versa.\Footnote*{However, until recently one of the
+authors of \TeXsis\ preferred to make neatly lettered transparencies by
+hand, using colored pens, rather than using a printer that could only
+print in black and white.
+He's changed his mind now that it is possible to produce text
+in color.}
+If you want to use |\slides|, simply begin your manuscript file with
+%
+\TeXexample
+\slides
+|endTeXexample
+instead of (or in addition to) |\texsis|.
+%
+This will produce
+%% NOT ANYMORE $8\frac{1}{2}\,{\rm in} \times 10\frac{1}{2}\,{\rm in}$
+pages with $1\,{\rm in}$ margins in
+the ``portrait'' orientation with 24~pt.\ type, with a ragged right
+margin and lots of incentive to suppress hyphenation.
+%% NOT ANYMORE and bottom margins.
+\CS{slides} also defines \CS{bl} to insert a blank line and
+\CS{np} to create a new page, since these are often useful for slides.
+Since the \CS{slides} format is very simple, it is not loaded from a
+style file.
+
+%==================================================*
+\subsection{Color PostScript Output \label{sect.color}}
+
+Now that color printers are fairly common, it is useful to have some
+way to produce text that is printed in different colors.
+The simplest use of this is for producing overhead transparencies, as
+with the \CS{slides} format.
+\TeXsis\ has a simple set of macros, in the style file {\tt
+color.txs}, which lets you change the colors of text printed using
+PostScript.
+This only works for PostScript output produced by\index{Rokicki,
+Tomas} Tom Rokicki's {\tt dvips} program,\cite{Rokicki} using the
+profile file {\tt color.pro} that is usually included with {\tt
+dvips}.
+
+To use these macros, you must first input the definitions,
+\TeXexample
+\input color.txs
+|endTeXexample
+To change the color of all text which follows, use the command \CS{SetColor},
+as in
+\TeXexample
+\SetColor{Green}
+|endTeXexample
+Keep in mind that this will change \undertext{all}
+text, including page numbers and headlines and footlines. To print a
+small portion of text in some other color, use
+\CS{colorit},
+as in
+\TeXexample
+\colorit{Red}{The text inside these brackets is colored Red}
+|endTeXexample
+You can change the color of the background using \CS{background},
+as in
+\TeXexample
+\background{Yellow}
+|endTeXexample
+
+\bigskip
+\pagecheck{2in}
+
+The 12 basic colors available are
+\example
+\settabs 4\columns
+\+& Black & White & Gray \cr
+\+& Red & Green & Blue \cr
+\+& Cyan & Magenta & Yellow \cr
+\+& Purple & Orange & Brown \cr
+\endexample
+Note that the case is important---the names must begin with an initial
+capital letter.
+
+For the basic colors listed above some shortcuts are also defined.
+Specifically, you can simply use the color name as a command, with the
+text to be colored as a single argument, as in
+\TeXexample
+\Red{This text is colored Red}
+|endTeXexample
+or you can say |\text|\meta{Color} to change the text color,
+as in
+\TeXexample
+\textGreen
+|endTeXexample
+You can add shortcuts for other colors besides the basics
+with the \CS{addColor} command. Saying
+\TeXexample
+\addColor{Salmon}
+|endTeXexample
+will define |\Salmon| and |\textSalmon| as shortcuts
+for |\colorit{Salmon}{|\meta{text}|}| and |\setColor{Salmon}|.
+
+Although the basic colors listed above should be enough for most
+simple applications, there are actually a whole host of other colors
+available. In fact, all of the colors found in a box of 64 Crayola
+Crayons are defined in {\tt color.pro} for |dvips|. You can define
+short-cuts for all of these simply by saying \CS{Crayolas}.
+You can produce a list of all of the colors, with each printed in its
+own color, by saying \CS{ListColors}.
+
+The commands so far have just about the same syntax as those in the
+macro package called {\tt COLORDVI.TEX}, by Jim
+Hafner\reference{colordvi} Hafner, Jim, the {\tt COLORDVI.TEX} macros
+are included in the {\tt dvips} distribution. See \Ref{Rokicki}
+\endreference\space
+(although the internal workings are slightly different).
+Any plain \TeX\ file which uses {\tt COLORDVI.TEX} should also work
+using {\tt color.txs}.
+But the {\tt color.txs} macros also include commands to specifically
+manipulate the PostScript color stack.
+To change the color temporarily by pushing it onto the stack, and then
+revert to the previous color by popping the stack, use \CS{PushColor}
+and \CS{PopColor}, as in
+\TeXexample
+This text is in some color, probably black.
+\PushColor{Purple}
+This text will be purple.
+\PopColor
+This text will be back in the previous color.
+|endTeXexample
+
+Be aware that the color changes have nothing to do with TeX's grouping
+mechanism (\ie\ curly brackets), but are based only on the PostScript
+color stack.
+If you really want the color to change back when a \TeX\ group ends
+(whenever that might happen), you can use
+\cs{aftergroup}, as in
+\TeXexample
+\begingroup\PushColor{Red}\aftergroup\PopColor
+|endTeXexample
+Then later when the group is ended, the \CS{PopColor} is automatically
+executed and the color reverts to its previous value.
+One nice way this can be used is to color all displayed equations,
+by putting this all in \cs{everydisplay}, like so
+\TeXexample
+\everydisplay={\PushColor{BurntOrange}\aftergroup\PopColor}
+|endTeXexample
+A displayed equation is always constructed within a new group, and
+when it ends the \CS{PopColor} on the \cs{aftergroup} stack is invoked
+automatically and the text reverts to the previous color.
+
+\bigskip
+
+
+If the 64 colors listed by \CS{ListColors} are not enough for your
+purposes, you can also define your own, using \CS{SetCmykColor} or
+\CS{PushCmykColor}.
+Colors are specified as a quadruple of intensity values between 0.0 and 1.0
+(CMYK means Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and blacK). For example:
+\TeXexample
+\SetCmykColor{.2 .3 .4 .1}
+|endTeXexample
+will give you a nice tan, while
+\TeXexample
+\PushCmykColor{.5 .5 .1 .2} Old Blue Eyes \PopColor
+|endTeXexample
+will print the text in the shade of blue specified by that particular
+CMYK quadruple.
+
+
+%==================================================*
+\subsection{Twin Page Output}
+
+It is sometimes desirable to produce preprints or other documents in a
+compact format with two pages on each physical page in landscape
+orientation. While this can be done with \cs{SetDoubleColumns}, a much
+simpler approach is sufficient. \TeXsis\ contains a macro called
+\CS{twinout} which redefines the output routine to produce two pages
+per page, without attempting to balance columns or allowing spanned
+equations, tables, etc. (thus avoiding many of the possible problems
+with the more powerful double column macros). \CS{twinout} can be used
+with any of the standard formats described in \Sect{papers} or
+\Sect{fmts} or even with Plain \TeX. Since \CS{twinout} does not
+select fonts, the user must do so:\index{twin page output}
+%
+\TeXexample
+\texsis
+\tenpoint
+\def\Tbf{\twelvebf}
+\def\tbf{\tenbf}
+\twinout
+ |<text>
+|endTeXexample
+Alternatively, the \CS{twinformat} command can be used to produce any
+\TeXsis\ format in \CS{twinout} layout with 10~pt fonts. Thus the above
+commands can be replaced by
+\TeXexample
+\texsis
+\twinformat
+ |<text>
+|endTeXexample
+Here \CS{twinformat} automatically sets up 10~pt fonts and appropriate
+values for the title bold face fonts, just as in the previous example.
+\CS{twinout} use the following dimensions:
+%
+\description{Xnormhsize\qquad}\clump
+%
+\itm{\CS{twinhsize}}
+Total width for twin column output.
+%
+\itm{\CS{twinvsize}}
+Column height for twin column output.
+%
+\itm{\CS{twincsize}}
+Column width for twin column output.
+%
+\itm{\CS{normhsize}}
+Normal value of \cs{hsize} in portrait mode.
+%
+\itm{\CS{normvsize}}
+Normal value of \cs{vsize} in portrait mode.
+%
+\enddescription
+All of these have sensible default values for $8.5\,{\rm in} \times
+11\,{\rm in}$ paper but can be reset before \CS{twinout} is called. The
+"normal" sizes should print properly with the default device driver
+and printer. Appropriate default values for all these dimensions can
+be set in |TXSsite.tex|.
+
+ \CS{twinout} puts \cs{LandscapeSpecial} on each page. This is null by
+default but can be redefined to be an appropriate \cs{special} command
+to produce landscape output with your device driver and printer. For
+example, with |dvips|\cite{Rokicki}\index{dvips}\index{Rokicki, Tomas}
+and a PostScript printer, use
+\TeXexample
+\def\LandscapeSpecial{\special{papersize=11in,8.5in}}
+|endTeXexample
+A default value can be set in |TXSsite.tex|.
+
+ \CS{twinprint} is a substitute for \cs{preprint} which sets the
+title, author, and other titlepage material full size in landscape mode
+and then switches to \CS{twinout} twin column output with 10~pt type for
+the text of the paper. A typical preprint might read:
+\TeXexample
+\twinprint
+\titlepage
+\title
+ |<paper title>
+\endtitle
+\author
+ |<author's name and address>
+\endauthor
+\abstract
+ |<text of abstract>
+\endabstract
+\endtitlepage
+ |<text of paper>
+\bye
+|endTeXexample
+\nobreak\noindent
+This produces a nice, compact format for preprints.
+
+%>>> EOF TXSfmts.doc <<<