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Always turn off hyphenation; it makes +.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. +.if n .ad l +.nh +.SH "NAME" +pkfix\-helper \- preprocess dvips\-produced PostScript documents before passing them to pkfix +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.IX Header "SYNOPSIS" +pkfix-helper +[\fB\-\-help\fR] +[\fB\-\-verbose\fR] +[\fB\-\-force\fR=\fIname\fR=\fIfontspec\fR] +[\fB\-\-ps\fR=\fIfilename.ps\fR] +[\fB\-\-tex\fR=\fIfilename.tex\fR] +[\fB\-\-cache\fR=\fIfilename\fR] +[\fB\-\-include\fR=\fIfontspec\fR] +[\fB\-\-exclude\fR=\fIregexp\fR] +[\fB\-\-keep\fR=\fIfontspec\fR] +[\fB\-\-quiet\fR] +[\fB\-\-no\-repeats\fR] +[\fB\-\-spp\fR=\fInumber\fR] +[\fIinput.ps\fR [\fIoutput.ps\fR]] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.IX Header "DESCRIPTION" +.SS "Motivation" +.IX Subsection "Motivation" +PostScript documents created with old versions of \fBdvips\fR almost +invariably utilize bitmapped (PostScript Type\ 3) fonts. The +problem with bitmapped fonts is that they target a specific device +resolution; a PostScript file produced using 300\ \s-1DPI\s0 fonts will +look grainy on a 600\ \s-1DPI\s0 printer. Even worse, \fIall\fR bitmapped +fonts look grainy when zoomed in on screen. The solution is to use +vector (PostScript Type\ 1) fonts, which are resolution-independent +and appear crisp at any size or scale. +.PP +While it is no longer difficult to configure \fBdvips\fR to use vector +fonts, it is not always possible to rerun \fBdvips\fR on an old \fI.dvi\fR +file. The \fI.dvi\fR file and document source may have been lost; or, +the source may no longer compile because packages it depends upon may +no longer be available. +.PP +Heiko Oberdiek's \fBpkfix\fR script replaces bitmapped fonts in +\&\fBdvips\fR\-produced PostScript files with the corresponding vector +fonts. It works by parsing the PostScript comments with which +\&\fBdvips\fR surrounds bitmapped-font definitions. For example, a font +definition beginning with the comment \f(CW\*(C`%DVIPSBitmapFont: Fi cmss10 11 +28\*(C'\fR and ending with a matching \f(CW%EndDVIPSBitmapFont\fR is known to +define font \f(CW\*(C`Fi\*(C'\fR as \f(CW\*(C`cmss10\*(C'\fR (Computer Modern Sans Serif at a design +size of 10\ points) scaled to \f(CW11\fR\ points. Only the \f(CW28\fR +characters actually used by the document are defined. \fBpkfix\fR then +replaces the font definition with one that defines \f(CW\*(C`Fi\*(C'\fR using the +same set of characters but taken from the \fIcmss10.pfb\fR vector font +file. +.PP +Unfortunately, \fBpkfix\fR works only with versions of \fBdvips\fR newer +than v5.58 (ca.\ 1996). Naturally, the older a PostScript document, +the less likely its sources still exist and can still be recompiled. +Older versions of \fBdvips\fR lack \f(CW%DVIPSBitmapFont\fR comments and +various other PostScript comments on which \fBpkfix\fR relies. Without +PostScript comments to guide it, \fBpkfix\fR is unable to determine which +vector fonts correspond with which bitmapped fonts. +.SS "Overview" +.IX Subsection "Overview" +The \fBpkfix-helper\fR script is a preprocessor for \fBpkfix\fR that +attempts to determine the association between each document-font name +(e.g.,\ \f(CW\*(C`Fi\*(C'\fR) in a PostScript file and the original font (e.g.,\ \f(CW\*(C`cmss10\*(C'\fR) and fonts size (e.g., \f(CW11\fR\ points). It then +fabricates the PostScript comments that \fBpkfix\fR expects to see so +that \fBpkfix\fR can do its job. +.PP +\&\fBpkfix-helper\fR works by comparing every document font against every +\&\fI.tfm\fR font file it knows about (assuming that each such font has a +corresponding \fI.pfb\fR vector version) and selecting the best matching +\&\fI.tfm\fR file for every document font. \fBpkfix-helper\fR has access only +to the widths of characters and only to those characters actually used +in the document. Also, the program recognizes only a limited set of +the most popular \fI.tfm\fR files and scaling factors. Consequently, the +comparison is imperfect and \fBpkfix-helper\fR may attribute an incorrect +font to a given name. Fonts comprising only one or two characters +actually used in a document are particularly problematic for +\&\fBpkfix-helper\fR because many fonts may be near-enough matches to fool +the problem. +.PP +\&\fBpkfix-helper\fR is designed so that a user can guide the +font-selection process by manually designating matching fonts. With a +modicum of diligence and patience a user can correct any mismatched +fonts and help the program provide proper input to \fBpkfix\fR. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.IX Header "OPTIONS" +\&\fBpkfix-helper\fR accepts on the command line the filename of a +PostScript document to process (with the default being the standard +input device) and the filename of a modified PostScript document to +create (with the default being the standard output device). The +program also accepts the following command-line options: +.SS "Frequently Used Options" +.IX Subsection "Frequently Used Options" +.IP "\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-h, --help" +Display usage information and exit. The \fB\-\-verbose\fR and \fB\-\-quiet\fR +options can be used to increase and decrease the amount of information +presented. +.IP "\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-verbose\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-v, --verbose" +Increase the amount of status information that \fBpkfix-helper\fR +displays as it runs. Additional instances of \fB\-\-verbose\fR on the +command line further increase the program's verbosity. By default, +only major operations are displayed. A single \fB\-\-verbose\fR +additionally displays information about individual font comparisons. +A second \fB\-\-verbose\fR additionally displays details about some of the +program's internal operations. +.IP "\fB\-f\fR \fIname\fR=\fIfontspec\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR=\fIname\fR=\fIfontspec\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-f name=fontspec, --force=name=fontspec" +Force \fBpkfix-helper\fR to associate a specific font with a given font +name appearing the document. \fIname\fR is a two-character \fBdvips\fR font +name such as \f(CW\*(C`Fa\*(C'\fR. \fIfontspec\fR is a font specification such as +\&\f(CW\*(C`cmmi8\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`cmsy10\ @\ 1.1X\*(C'\fR. An asterisk used in the name of the +base font (e.g.,\ \f(CW\*(C`cmti*\*(C'\fR) will automatically try all integral test +font sizes from 5 to 17 points (\f(CW\*(C`cmti5\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`cmti6\*(C'\fR,\ ..., +\&\f(CW\*(C`cmti17\*(C'\fR). An asterisk used as a scale value (e.g.,\ \f(CW\*(C`cmsy10\ @\ *\*(C'\fR) will be replaced by the scale value that gives the best match to +the original font's metrics. The \fB\-\-force\fR option can be specified +repeatedly on the command line. +.IP "\fB\-p\fR \fIfilename.ps\fR, \fB\-\-ps\fR=\fIfilename.ps\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-p filename.ps, --ps=filename.ps" +Create a PostScript file called \fIfilename.ps\fR that shows the \fBdvips\fR +name and a font sample of every font used by the input document. +.IP "\fB\-t\fR \fIfilename.tex\fR, \fB\-\-tex\fR=\fIfilename.tex\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-t filename.tex, --tex=filename.tex" +Create a Plain TeX file called \fIfilename.tex\fR that shows the \fBdvips\fR +name and a font sample of every font that \fBpkfix-helper\fR used in the +output document. +.SS "Infrequently Used Options" +.IX Subsection "Infrequently Used Options" +.IP "\fB\-C\fR \fIfilename\fR, \fB\-\-cache\fR=\fIfilename\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-C filename, --cache=filename" +Speed up \s-1TFM\s0 file processing by caching character metrics into file +\&\fIfilename\fR. On some systems it takes a long time to read a \s-1TFM\s0 file, +spawn \fItftopl\fR to convert it to \s-1PL\s0 format, and extract from the \s-1PL\s0 +data the metrics for each character. The first time \fB\-\-cache\fR is +specified, \fBpkfix-helper\fR proceeds as normal then writes all of the +extracted character metrics to \fIfilename\fR. On subsequent runs in +which \fB\-\-cache\fR=\fIfilename\fR is specified, \fBpkfix-helper\fR reads the +previously extracted metrics from \fIfilename\fR, going through the +\&\fItftopl\fR\-based process only for \s-1TFM\s0 files that were not previously +encountered. +.IP "\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-q, --quiet" +Instruct \fBpkfix-helper\fR to produce no output during its run except +for fatal error messages. +.IP "\fB\-1\fR, \fB\-\-no\-repeats\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-1, --no-repeats" +Prevent \fBpkfix-helper\fR from associating the same \fIfontspec\fR with +more than one \fBdvips\fR font name. +.IP "\fB\-i\fR \fIfontspec\fR, \fB\-\-include\fR=\fIfontspec\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-i fontspec, --include=fontspec" +Add \fIfontspec\fR to the list of font specifications against which +\&\fBpkfix-helper\fR compares \fIevery\fR document font. (In contrast, +\&\fB\-\-force\fR designates a font specification to use only for a +\&\fIspecific\fR document font.) The \fB\-\-include\fR option can be specified +repeatedly on the command line. +.IP "\fB\-x\fR \fIregexp\fR, \fB\-\-exclude\fR=\fIregexp\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-x regexp, --exclude=regexp" +Remove all font specifications matching regular expression \fIregexp\fR +from \fBpkfix-helper\fR's list of known fonts. The \fB\-\-exclude\fR option +can be specified repeatedly on the command line. +.IP "\fB\-k\fR \fIfontspec\fR, \fB\-\-keep\fR=\fIfontspec\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-k fontspec, --keep=fontspec" +Do not substitute a vector font for bitmapped font \fIfontspec\fR (\f(CW\*(C`Fa\*(C'\fR, +\&\f(CW\*(C`Fb\*(C'\fR, etc.). This is useful when converting documents that use +obscure bitmapped fonts for which there is no vector equivalent. For +example, it was somewhat common in the past to include graphics such +as university or corporate logos into a document by converting the +bitmapped image into a single-character font and using that font in +LaTeX. \fB\-\-keep\fR prevents such fonts from being replaced. The +\&\fB\-\-keep\fR option can be specified repeatedly on the command line. +.IP "\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-any\-scale\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-a, --any-scale" +Allow any value to be used to scale a font when "\f(CW\*(C`*\*(C'\fR" is specified as +the scale factor. Normally, \fBpkfix-helper\fR considers only integer +multiples of 0.1 that are greater than or equal to 1.0 (i.e., +\&\fIfontname\fR\f(CW@1X\fR, \f(CW\*(C`@1.1X\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`@1.2X\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`@1.3X\*(C'\fR, etc.). +.IP "\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-spp\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-s, --spp" +Specify the number of font samples per page to print to the files +indicated using the \fB\-\-ps\fR and \fB\-\-tex\fR options. The default +value,\ 25, should work well in most circumstances. +.SH "DIAGNOSTICS" +.IX Header "DIAGNOSTICS" +.ie n .IP """Best match for \f(CIname\f(CW is rather poor""" 4 +.el .IP "\f(CWBest match for \f(CIname\f(CW is rather poor\fR" 4 +.IX Item "Best match for name is rather poor" +The best font \fBpkfix-helper\fR found for \fBdvips\fR font name \fIname\fR has +a mismatch value greater than or equal to\ 1.0. (The mismatch value +is the sum of the squares of the difference between the character +widths of a document font and a potential replacement font.) Use the +\&\fB\-\-force\fR option to designate an alternative replacement font or +scaling amount. +.SH "EXAMPLES" +.IX Header "EXAMPLES" +For the purpose of the following examples, assume that \fIoldfile.ps\fR +is the name of a PostScript file produced by an old version of +\&\fBdvips\fR and utilizing at least one bitmapped font. It's always worth +verifying that \fBpkfix\fR can't convert the file on its own: +.PP +.Vb 3 +\& $ pkfix oldfile.ps newfile.ps +\& PKFIX 1.3, 2005/02/25 \- Copyright (c) 2001, 2005 by Heiko Oberdiek. +\& ==> no fonts converted +.Ve +.PP +(Alternatively \fBpkfix\fR may issue an error message such as \f(CW\*(C`!!! +Error: Parse error (@start parameters)!\*(C'\fR.) Only when \fBpkfix\fR can't +replace bitmapped fonts with vector fonts is \fBpkfix-helper\fR needed. +In its simplest form, \fBpkfix-helper\fR takes the name of an input file +(\fIoldfile.ps\fR in this example) and the name of an output file +(\fIpkfix\-oldfile.ps\fR), which will have the same contents as the input +file but serve as suitable input for \fBpkfix\fR: +.PP +.Vb 10 +\& $ pkfix\-helper oldfile.ps pkfix\-oldfile.ps +\& Reading oldfile.ps ... done. +\& Number of Type 3 fonts encountered: 10 +\& Bitmapped fonts are typeset at 600 DPI. +\& Finding character widths ... done. +\& Reading TFM files ... done (103 TFMs in 193 scaling variations). +\& Matching fonts: +\& Processing Fi ... done (cmr10 @ 1X, mismatch=0.11683). +\& Processing Fa ... done (cmti10 @ 1X, mismatch=0.08892). +\& Processing Fb ... done (cmr8 @ 1X, mismatch=0.07133). +\& Processing Ff ... done (cmbx12 @ 1.2X, mismatch=0.02948). +\& Processing Fh ... done (cmtt10 @ 1X, mismatch=0.06895). +\& Processing Fd ... done (cmmi10 @ 1X, mismatch=0.03966). +\& Processing Fj ... done (cmbx12 @ 1X, mismatch=0.03972). +\& Processing Fe ... done (cmbx10 @ 1X, mismatch=0.00762). +\& Processing Fg ... done (cmsy10 @ 1X, mismatch=0.00875). +\& Processing Fc ... done (cmr6 @ 1X, mismatch=0.00284). +\& +\& $ pkfix pkfix\-oldfile.ps newfile.ps +\& PKFIX 1.3, 2005/02/25 \- Copyright (c) 2001, 2005 by Heiko Oberdiek. +\& *** Font conversion: \`cmti10\*(Aq \-> \`CMTI10\*(Aq. +\& *** Font conversion: \`cmr8\*(Aq \-> \`CMR8\*(Aq. +\& *** Font conversion: \`cmr6\*(Aq \-> \`CMR6\*(Aq. +\& *** Font conversion: \`cmmi10\*(Aq \-> \`CMMI10\*(Aq. +\& *** Font conversion: \`cmbx10\*(Aq \-> \`CMBX10\*(Aq. +\& *** Font conversion: \`cmbx12\*(Aq \-> \`CMBX12\*(Aq. +\& *** Font conversion: \`cmsy10\*(Aq \-> \`CMSY10\*(Aq. +\& *** Font conversion: \`cmtt10\*(Aq \-> \`CMTT10\*(Aq. +\& *** Font conversion: \`cmr10\*(Aq \-> \`CMR10\*(Aq. +\& *** Font conversion: \`cmbx12\*(Aq \-> \`CMBX12\*(Aq. +\& *** Merging font \`CMBX12\*(Aq (2). +\& ==> 10 converted fonts. +\& ==> 1 merged font. +.Ve +.PP +Although \fBpkfix-helper\fR tries to automate as much as possible the +font-detection process, some fonts will invariably be incorrectly +identified. The program outputs a warning message if it \fIknows\fR a +match is bad but the lack of a warning message does not necessarily +indicate that \fBpkfix-helper\fR did a good job. It is therefore +strongly recommended that the user produce \*(L"before\*(R" and \*(L"after\*(R" font +sheets: +.PP +.Vb 2 +\& $ pkfix\-helper \-q oldfile.ps pkfix\-oldfile.ps \e +\& \-\-ps=oldfonts.ps \-\-tex=newfonts.tex +\& +\& $ tex newfonts.tex +\& This is TeX, Version 3.14159 (Web2C 7.4.5) +\& (./newfonts.tex [1] ) +\& Output written on newfonts.dvi (1 page, 1292 bytes). +\& Transcript written on newfonts.log. +\& +\& $ dvips newfonts.dvi \-o newfonts.ps +\& This is dvips(k) 5.92b Copyright 2002 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com) +\& \*(Aq TeX output 2006.06.11:1636\*(Aq \-> newfonts.ps +\& <texc.pro><8r.enc><texps.pro>. <cmr6.pfb><cmsy10.pfb><cmbx10.pfb><cmbx12.pfb> +\& <cmmi10.pfb><cmtt10.pfb><cmr8.pfb><cmti10.pfb><cmr10.pfb>[1] +.Ve +.PP +After running the preceding commands, \fIoldfonts.ps\fR shows samples of +the fonts in \fIoldfile.ps\fR and \fInewfonts.ps\fR shows samples of the +replacement fonts that \fBpkfix-helper\fR used to produce +\&\fIpkfix\-oldfile.ps\fR. Print \fIoldfonts.ps\fR and \fInewfonts.ps\fR and +compare them carefully for incorrect fonts and sizes. +.PP +Suppose that the choice of \f(CW\*(C`cmbx12 @ 1.2X\*(C'\fR for font \f(CW\*(C`Ff\*(C'\fR looks +wrong; say the characters look taller in \fIoldfonts.ps\fR than in +\&\fInewfonts.ps\fR. This is where the trial-and-error stage begins. +Let's hypothesize that \f(CW\*(C`cmb12\*(C'\fR is a better match than \f(CW\*(C`cmbx12\*(C'\fR but +we don't know how much to scale the font. Fortunately, +\&\fBpkfix-helper\fR allows \f(CW\*(C`*\*(C'\fR to be used as a scaling factor to tell the +program to automatically detect an optimal scaling factor, even if +doing so means choosing a nonstandard font size: +.PP +.Vb 7 +\& $ pkfix\-helper oldfile.ps pkfix\-oldfile.ps \-\-force="Ff=cmb12 @ *" +\& Reading oldfile.ps ... done. +\& Number of Type 3 fonts encountered: 10 +\& Bitmapped fonts are typeset at 600 DPI. +\& Finding character widths ... done. +\& Reading TFM files ... failed. +\& pkfix\-helper: Unable to process user\-specified TFM file "cmb12" +.Ve +.PP +Oops, it looks like we don't have a \fIcmb12.tfm\fR file on our system. +Let's try scaling up \fIcmb10.tfm\fR instead: +.PP +.Vb 10 +\& $ pkfix\-helper oldfile.ps pkfix\-oldfile.ps \-\-force="Ff=cmb10 @ *" +\& Reading oldfile.ps ... done. +\& Number of Type 3 fonts encountered: 10 +\& Bitmapped fonts are typeset at 600 DPI. +\& Finding character widths ... done. +\& Reading TFM files ... done (103 TFMs in 193 scaling variations). +\& Matching fonts: +\& Processing Fi ... done (cmr10 @ 1X, mismatch=0.11683). +\& Processing Fa ... done (cmti10 @ 1X, mismatch=0.08892). +\& Processing Fb ... done (cmr8 @ 1X, mismatch=0.07133). +\& Processing Ff ... done (cmb10 @ 1.5X, mismatch=0.00035). +\& Processing Fh ... done (cmtt10 @ 1X, mismatch=0.06895). +\& Processing Fd ... done (cmmi10 @ 1X, mismatch=0.03966). +\& Processing Fj ... done (cmbx12 @ 1X, mismatch=0.03972). +\& Processing Fe ... done (cmbx10 @ 1X, mismatch=0.00762). +\& Processing Fg ... done (cmsy10 @ 1X, mismatch=0.00875). +\& Processing Fc ... done (cmr6 @ 1X, mismatch=0.00284). +.Ve +.PP +The match has definitely improved, although 15\ pt. is certainly an +odd size for a font. Then again, many documents \fIdo\fR use nonstandard +sizes so this may in fact be correct. The best way to verify is once +again to produce, print, and compare a pair of font samples and +iterate until all of the fonts look correct. Use one instance of +\&\fB\-\-force\fR for each font you want to alter. +.SH "ENVIRONMENT" +.IX Header "ENVIRONMENT" +\&\fBpkfix-helper\fR honors the following environment variables: +.IP "\s-1GS\s0" 8 +.IX Item "GS" +The name of the Ghostscript interpreter (default: \fIgs\fR) +.IP "\s-1TFTOPL\s0" 8 +.IX Item "TFTOPL" +The name of a utility for converting \fI.tfm\fR files to \fI.pl\fR files +(default: \fItftopl\fR) +.SH "BUGS" +.IX Header "BUGS" +Even when \fBpkfix-helper\fR finds a perfect match (i.e.,\ the correct +font in the correct size) the mismatch value is still typically +nonzero. The same error is probably what causes \fBpkfix-helper\fR +sometimes to consider the wrong font as being a better match than the +correct font. Suggestions for fixing these bugs are welcome. +.SH "RESTRICTIONS" +.IX Header "RESTRICTIONS" +\&\fBpkfix-helper\fR works only with PostScript files produced by \fBdvips\fR, +not with arbitrary PostScript files. The program has not been tested +with output from versions of \fBdvips\fR older than v5.490 (ca.\ 1992); +output from older versions may or may not work. Only bitmapped fonts +loaded by \fBdvips\fR can be analyzed, not bitmapped fonts loaded by +embedded graphics. +.PP +\&\fBpkfix-helper\fR works by comparing character widths, not the actual +glyphs. Consequently, it is misled by sets of fonts with similar +character widths (at least for those characters used by a given +document). As an extreme example, all Computer Modern Teletype fonts +of a given design size (e.g., \f(CW\*(C`cmtt10\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`cmsltt10\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`cmitt10\*(C'\fR) +use exactly the same widths for all characters. Human assistance is +generally needed to guide \fBpkfix-helper\fR's font-matching procedures. +.SH "NOTES" +.IX Header "NOTES" +Files produced using the \fB\-\-tex\fR option are Plain TeX files and +therefore must be compiled with \fItex\fR (or a variation such as +\&\fIpdftex\fR, \fIluatex\fR, etc.), \fInot\fR with \fIlatex\fR. +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.IX Header "SEE ALSO" +\&\fIpkfix\fR\|(1), \fIdvips\fR\|(1), \fItex\fR\|(1), \fIgs\fR\|(1) +.PP +PostScript Language Reference, Third Edition. +Published by Addison-Wesley, \s-1ISBN\s0 0\-201\-37922\-8, +<http://www.adobe.com/products/postscript/pdfs/PLRM.pdf>. +.SH "AUTHOR" +.IX Header "AUTHOR" +Scott Pakin, \fIscott+pkfh@pakin.org\fR +.SH "COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE" +.IX Header "COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE" +Copyright (C) 2011, Scott Pakin +.PP +This file may be distributed and/or modified under the conditions of +the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3c of this license +or (at your option) any later version. The latest version of this +license is in <http://www.latex\-project.org/lppl.txt> and version +1.3c or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX version 2006/05/20 +or later. |