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-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/README136
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/apacite.pdfbin413899 -> 508274 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/apacite.tex4082
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/manifest.txt68
4 files changed, 66 insertions, 4220 deletions
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/README b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/README
index 169ae847d17..b37c2945d3e 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/README
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/README
@@ -1,70 +1,66 @@
-% \iffalse meta-comment
-%
-% This is file `README'.
-%
-% Copyright 1994-2005 Erik Meijer and any individual authors listed
-% elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved.
-%
-% This file is part of the `apacite' package.
-% -------------------------------------------
-%
-% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
-% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
-% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
-% The latest version of this license is in
-% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
-% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
-% version 2003/12/01 or later.
-%
-% The list of all files belonging to the `apacite' package, with a
-% short description, is given in the file `manifest.txt'.
-%
-% \fi
-
-THE APACITE PACKAGE [2005/06/08]
-================================
-
-The apacite package (for LaTeX and BibTeX) attempts to capture the
-requirements of the American Psychological Association concerning citations
-and reference list as closely as possible. In addition, it provides a large
-number of options and other possibilities for customization, so that a wide
-range of citation styles and reference list styles can be handled.
-Furthermore, it also provides the possibility of automatically generating an
-author index.
-
-The documentation of the apacite package is in the file apacite.pdf. This file
-can also be generated by processing the file apacite.tex, which in this way
-acts as an extensive test of the package. To get the references, the author
-index, and the table of contents of apacite.tex right, the following list of
-commands must be executed:
-
-latex apacite
-bibtex apacite
-latex apacite
-latex apacite
-latex apacite
-makeindex -o apacite.and apacite.adx
-latex apacite
-latex apacite
-makeindex -o apacite.and apacite.adx
-latex apacite
-
-So 10 runs are necessary in order to get everything OK. Apart from this, the
-url package (url.sty) must be available in a place where TeX can find it. This
-is not necessary for the apacite package itself, but for the test examples
-from the APA manual that are used in the document apacite.tex. Furthermore,
-the index package (index.sty, available from CTAN; search for index.sty or
-index.dtx) must be available in a place where TeX can find it. This is
-necessary for the apacite package if an author index is requested, and this is
-done in the document apacite.tex.
-
-If you have a problem with the package/bibstyle that is not described in the
-documentation, please locate it as specifically as possible and E-Mail me a
-short but comprehensive description of the problem and the pieces of the .tex
-and .bib files that seem to be invoking the problem. If I have time, I will
-have a look and answer (and, I hope, solve the problem).
-
-Good luck with it!
-
-Erik Meijer <e.meijer@eco.rug.nl>
-
+
+THE APACITE PACKAGE
+===================
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+The apacite package (for LaTeX and BibTeX) implements the requirements
+of the American Psychological Association concerning citations and
+reference list. In addition, it provides a large number of options and
+other possibilities for customization, so that a wide range of citation
+styles and reference list styles can be handled. Furthermore, it also
+provides the possibility of automatically generating an author index.
+
+
+Copyright and license
+---------------------
+
+Copyright (C) 1994-2007 Erik Meijer and any individual authors listed
+elsewhere in this package.
+
+This package may be distributed and/or modified under the
+conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either
+version 1.3 of this license or (at your option) any later
+version. The latest version of this license is in:
+
+ http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+
+and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of
+LaTeX version 2005/12/01 or later.
+
+See the file apacite.dtx for more details.
+
+
+Building the package and its documentation
+------------------------------------------
+
+The generated LaTeX package (.sty), BibTeX style (.bst), and supporting
+files (.apc, .bib, .drv) are extracted by running:
+
+tex apacite.ins
+
+
+The documentation is generated by the following sequence:
+
+pdflatex apacite.drv <== Produces apacite.pdf (documentation)
+bibtex apacite <== Produces apacite.bbl (reference list)
+pdflatex apacite.drv <== Include ref. list
+pdflatex apacite.drv <== Resolve citations
+pdflatex apacite.drv <== 'Labels may have changed'
+makeindex -o apacite.and apacite.adx <== (author index)
+pdflatex apacite.drv <== Include author index
+pdflatex apacite.drv <== Resolve table of contents
+
+Note that apacite comes with pre-built documentation (PDF format,
+U.S. letter-sized paper), so you only need to regenerate the
+documentation if you are unhappy with the documentation as
+provided. For example, if you want to generate a version for
+A4 paper, or if you want the full reference manual, including the
+documented source code and change log. In the latter case,
+insert the following lines in the sequence, after generating
+the author index:
+
+makeindex -s gind.ist apacite <== Produces apacite.ind (code index)
+makeindex -s gglo.ist -o apacite.gls apacite.glo <== (change log)
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/apacite.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/apacite.pdf
index 8cb868f330c..ed50e7a8167 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/apacite.pdf
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/apacite.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/apacite.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/apacite.tex
deleted file mode 100644
index 5f7c318f3d9..00000000000
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/apacite.tex
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4082 +0,0 @@
-% \iffalse meta-comment
-%
-% This is file `apacite.tex'.
-%
-% Copyright 1994-2005 Erik Meijer and any individual authors listed
-% elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved.
-%
-% This file is part of the `apacite' package.
-% -------------------------------------------
-%
-% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
-% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
-% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
-% The latest version of this license is in
-% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
-% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
-% version 2003/12/01 or later.
-%
-% The list of all files belonging to the `apacite' package, with a
-% short description, is given in the file `manifest.txt'.
-%
-% \fi
-
-%% apacite.tex : User's manual and test of the apacite package
-%% Written by Erik Meijer <e.meijer@eco.rug.nl>
-%% This version: [2005/06/08]
-%%
-%% See the README file for instructions how to process this file.
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%%% BASIC DOCUMENTCLASS AND LOADING OF PACKAGES
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\documentclass{article}
-
-%%% The following line can be uncommented to test compatibility with TeX4ht.
-%\usepackage{tex4ht}
-
-%%% The following line is used for references to internet sources.
-%%% It is not generally necessary for apacite, but used in the examples.
-\usepackage{url}
-
-%%% The following lines can be uncommented to test compatibility with
-%%% the mentioned other packages and test the language support of
-%%% apacite.
-%\usepackage[dvips,pagebackref]{hyperref}% citations are not links here
-%\usepackage[english]{babel}% babel must be loaded before apacite
-%\usepackage{german}
-
-%%% Loading apacite with (or without) author index option.
-%\usepackage[tocindex,hyper]{apacite}
-\usepackage[tocindex]{apacite}
-%\usepackage{apacite}
-
-%%% More compatibility tests with other packages.
-%\usepackage{backref}% the order of backref vs. apacite seems irrelevant
-%\usepackage[dvips,pagebackref]{hyperref} % 1991a does not work here
-
-%%% Explicitly check loading of backref. This information
-%%% is used at the end of the document to change a few settings in order
-%%% to prevent some errors. This explicit check is more convenient than
-%%% simply defining the corresponding \if..., because the \usepackage's
-%%% above can now be commented or uncommented without having to worry
-%%% about these side-effects.
-\makeatletter
-\newif\ifbackrefloaded
-\AtBeginDocument{%
- \@ifpackageloaded{backref}{\backrefloadedtrue}{\backrefloadedfalse}%
-}
-\makeatother
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%%% DOCUMENT-SPECIFIC DEFINITIONS THAT MAY BE USEFUL FOR WIDER USE.
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-% Corporate author
-\newcommand{\bibcorporate}[1]{#1}
-
-% Echo argument literally. Can be used to define a certain author type
-% (``Producer'') in a place where \BibTeX{} expects a first name.
-% Using this command between a pair of braces makes sure that the text
-% is not abbreviated into an initial.
-\newcommand{\bibliteral}[1]{#1}
-
-% If the argument is a period (`.'), \BibTeX{} puts no period after it.
-\newcommand{\bibnodot}[1]{}
-
-% For ``On cdtitle [CD]'' etc., to be used instead of ``In''.
-\newcommand{\BOn}{On}
-
-% Reverse order. Can be used for various reasons.
-\newcommand{\SwapArgs}[2]{#2#1}
-
-% The following macro is esp. useful if the year field must be different
-% in text and in reference list. E.g., if 1992/1993 in text and 1992
-% in reference list. Then year can be defined as \bibreftext{1992}{1992/1993}.
-% The definition below displays only the second argument (``text'').
-% Just before the reference list, this can then be changed to
-% display only the first argument (``ref'').
-\newcommand{\bibreftext}[2]{#2}
-
-% The same command, but now intended for Dutch-style ``von'' parts.
-\newcommand{\Dutchvon}[2]{#2}
-
-% The following macro changes the definitions of the macros \BED and \BEDS
-% to the argument and then immediately changes the definitions back to their
-% old definitions. So it makes a one-time change. Can be used to use
-% ``Producer'' instead of ``Ed.'' etc.
-\newcommand{\bibeditortype}[1]{\relax}%
-\def\renewbibeditortype{%
- \def\oldBED{}%
- \def\oldBEDS{}%
- \def\bibeditortype##1{%
- \global\let\oldBED\BED
- \global\let\oldBEDS\BEDS
- \global\def\BED{##1\global\let\BED\oldBED \global\let\BEDS\oldBEDS}%
- \global\def\BEDS{##1\global\let\BED\oldBED \global\let\BEDS\oldBEDS}%
- }%
-}
-
-% The following macro changes the definition of the macro \BIn to the
-% argument and then immediately changes the definition back to the old
-% definition. So it makes a one-time change. Can be used to use ``On''
-% instead of ``In'' for a CD-track.
-\newcommand{\bibInstring}[1]{%
- \global\let\oldBIn\BIn
- \global\def\BIn{#1\global\let\BIn\oldBIn}%
-}
-
-% The \bibskipbracenodot macro suppresses the period after a following closing
-% brace. It does not work entirely well at the moment. In particular, it
-% works differently in an \AX macro in text and an \AX macro in the
-% reference list. This has something to do with robust vs. fragile macros
-% and/or expansion of the macro. I have experimented a lot with many
-% variations, but don't seem to get it right. I don't understand these
-% issues well yet.
-\makeatletter
-\def\swallownext#1{\relax}
-\def\swallowdot{%
- \@ifnextchar.%
- {\swallownext}%
- {\relax}%
-}
-
-% When the above does not work, \bibskipbracenodot should reduce to nothing.
-% This is the current definition. Just before the bibliography, it is
-% redefined.
-\def\bibskipbracenodot{\noexpand\bibskipbracenodot}
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%%% CITATIONS TO THE BIBLE
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-% The APA manual gives some rules how the Bible and other classic
-% works should be cited. These rules are not implemented in standard
-% apacite, so I provide a workaround here.
-
-%%% To define which Bible version you used.
-\def\bibleversion#1{\gdef\@bibleversion{#1}}
-\def\@bibleversion{Revised Standard Version}
-
-\def\bibleciteA#1{%
- % If this is the first citation, add bible version.
- {\@ifundefined{flag@bible}%
- {\fullbibleciteA{#1}}%
- {\shortbibleciteA{#1}}%
- }%
-}
-
-\def\fullbibleciteA#1{%
- % Insert relevant chapter and verse.
- {#1}%
- { \BBOP\@bibleversion\BBCP}%
- % Flag that bible has been cited.
- {\global\expandafter\def\csname flag@bible\endcsname{DUMMY}}%
-}
-
-\def\shortbibleciteA#1{%
- % Insert relevant chapter and verse.
- {#1}%
- % Flag that bible has been cited (is this appropriate?).
- {\global\expandafter\def\csname flag@bible\endcsname{DUMMY}}%
-}
-
-\def\biblecite#1{%
- % If this is the first citation, add bible version.
- {\@ifundefined{flag@bible}%
- {\fullbiblecite{#1}}%
- {\shortbiblecite{#1}}%
- }%
-}
-
-\def\fullbiblecite#1{%
- % Open parenthesis.
- {\BBOP}%
- % Insert relevant chapter and verse.
- {#1}%
- % Add bible version.
- {\BBAY{} \@bibleversion}%
- % Close parenthesis.
- {\BBCP}%
- % Flag that bible has been cited.
- {\global\expandafter\def\csname flag@bible\endcsname{DUMMY}}%
-}
-
-\def\shortbiblecite#1{%
- % Open parenthesis.
- {\BBOP}%
- % Insert relevant chapter and verse.
- {#1}%
- % Close parenthesis.
- {\BBCP}%
- % Flag that bible has been cited (is this appropriate?).
- {\global\expandafter\def\csname flag@bible\endcsname{DUMMY}}%
-}
-
-\def\bibleciteNP#1{%
- % If this is the first citation, add bible version.
- {\@ifundefined{flag@bible}%
- {\fullbibleciteNP{#1}}%
- {\shortbibleciteNP{#1}}%
- }%
-}
-
-\def\fullbibleciteNP#1{%
- % Insert relevant chapter and verse.
- {#1}%
- % Add bible version.
- {\BBAY{} \@bibleversion}%
- % Flag that bible has been cited.
- {\global\expandafter\def\csname flag@bible\endcsname{DUMMY}}%
-}
-
-\def\shortbibleciteNP#1{%
- % Insert relevant chapter and verse.
- {#1}%
- % Flag that bible has been cited (is this appropriate?).
- {\global\expandafter\def\csname flag@bible\endcsname{DUMMY}}%
-}
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%%% COMMANDS TO CITE SONGS.
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-% The APA manual gives some rules how songs should be cited. These
-% rules require some tweaking of standard apacite. This is done here.
-
-\newcommand{\bibsong}[4]{}
-
-\newcommand{\citeAsong}[1]{%
- \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{%
- \APACciteatitle{##3} {\BBOP}{##1}{\BBAY}{##2}{\BBN}{##4}{\BBCP}%
- }%
- \citeauthor{#1}%
- \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{}%
-}
-
-\newcommand{\fullciteAsong}[1]{%
- \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{%
- \APACciteatitle{##3} {\BBOP}{##1}{\BBAY}{##2}{\BBN}{##4}{\BBCP}%
- }%
- \fullciteauthor{#1}%
- \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{}%
-}
-
-\newcommand{\shortciteAsong}[1]{%
- \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{%
- \APACciteatitle{##3} {\BBOP}{##1}{\BBAY}{##2}{\BBN}{##4}{\BBCP}%
- }%
- \shortciteauthor{#1}%
- \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{}%
-}
-
-\newcommand{\citesong}[1]{%
- \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{%
- {\BBOP}\APACciteatitle{##3},{\BAP}{##1}{\BBAY}{##2}{\BBN}{##4}{\BBCP}%
- }%
- \citeauthor{#1}%
- \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{}%
-}
-
-\newcommand{\fullcitesong}[1]{%
- \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{%
- {\BBOP}\APACciteatitle{##3},{\BAP}{##1}{\BBAY}{##2}{\BBN}{##4}{\BBCP}%
- }%
- \fullciteauthor{#1}%
- \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{}%
-}
-
-\newcommand{\shortcitesong}[1]{%
- \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{%
- {\BBOP}\APACciteatitle{##3},{\BAP}{##1}{\BBAY}{##2}{\BBN}{##4}{\BBCP}%
- }%
- \shortciteauthor{#1}%
- \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{}%
-}
-
-\newcommand{\citesongNP}[1]{%
- \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{%
- \APACciteatitle{##3},{\BAP}{##1}{\BBAY}{##2}{\BBN}{##4}%
- }%
- \citeauthor{#1}%
- \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{}%
-}
-
-\newcommand{\fullcitesongNP}[1]{%
- \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{%
- \APACciteatitle{##3},{\BAP}{##1}{\BBAY}{##2}{\BBN}{##4}%
- }%
- \fullciteauthor{#1}%
- \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{}%
-}
-
-\newcommand{\shortcitesongNP}[1]{%
- \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{%
- \APACciteatitle{##3},{\BAP}{##1}{\BBAY}{##2}{\BBN}{##4}%
- }%
- \shortciteauthor{#1}%
- \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{}%
-}
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%%% COMMANDS TO CITE DSM.
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-% The APA manual gives some rules how the DSM should be cited, which
-% is a bit different from ordinary citations. These rules are not
-% implemented in standard apacite, so I provide a workaround here.
-
-\newcommand{\DSMciteA}[1]{%
- \@for\@citec:=#1\do{%
- % Check whether citation is defined.
- \@ifundefined{flag@\@citec\@extra@b@citeb}%
- {\citeA{\@citec}}%
- {\citeauthor{\@citec}}%
- }%
-}
-
-\newcommand{\DSMfullciteA}[1]{%
- \fullciteA{#1}%
-}
-
-\newcommand{\DSMshortciteA}[1]{%
- \shortciteauthor{#1}%
-}
-
-\newcommand{\DSMcite}[1]{%
- {\BBOP}%
- \@for\@citec:=#1\do{%
- % Check whether citation is defined.
- \@ifundefined{flag@\@citec\@extra@b@citeb}%
- {\citeNP{\@citec}}%
- {\citeauthor{\@citec}}%
- }%
- {\BBCP}%
-}
-
-\newcommand{\DSMfullcite}[1]{%
- \fullcite{#1}%
-}
-
-\newcommand{\DSMshortcite}[1]{%
- {\BBOP}\shortciteauthor{#1}{\BBCP}%
-}
-
-\newcommand{\DSMciteNP}[1]{%
- \@for\@citec:=#1\do{%
- % Check whether citation is defined.
- \@ifundefined{flag@\@citec\@extra@b@citeb}%
- {\citeNP{\@citec}}%
- {\citeauthor{\@citec}}%
- }
-}
-
-\newcommand{\DSMfullciteNP}[1]{%
- \fullciteNP{#1}%
-}
-
-\newcommand{\DSMshortciteNP}[1]{%
- \shortciteauthor{#1}%
-}
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%%% DOCUMENT-SPECIFIC DEFINITIONS
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-% These are some commands that are used in this document, but are
-% presumably not especially relevant for users.
-
-\def\BibTeX{{\rm B\kern-.05em{\sc i\kern-.025em b}\kern-.08em
- T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}}% copied from bibtex.web
-\newcommand{\MakeIndex}{\textit{MakeIndex}}
-\newcommand{\latextohtml}{\textup{\LaTeX2\texttt{HTML}}}% from html.sty
-\newcommand{\LaTeXrtf}{\textup{\LaTeX2RTF}}%
-\newcommand{\TeXht}{\textup{\TeX4ht}}%
-\newcommand{\Perl}{\textsl{Perl}}%
-
-% My comments accompanying the examples.
-\newcommand{\EM}{\ensuremath{\triangleright\quad}}
-
-% The date of a version of apacite. Makes it easy to search the document
-% for these dates. The \relax is a safety measure (probably not needed),
-% which ensures that the square brackets are never interpreted as an
-% optional argument.
-\newcommand{\APACversiondate}[1]{\relax [#1]}
-
-\newcommand{\LC}{\mbox{${}^{\dag}$}}% \LaTeX{} Companion
-\newcommand{\X}{\ensuremath{\times}}% for one table
-\newcommand{\Y}{\ensuremath{c}}% for one table
-
-\newcommand{\pkg}[1]{\textsf{#1}}% package name
-\newcommand{\fname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% file name
-\newcommand{\fieldname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% field name
-\newcommand{\entryname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% entry type name
-\newcommand{\pkgoption}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% package option
-\newcommand{\cmd}[1]{\texttt{\string#1}}% command, incl. `\'
-
-% Some trickery with backslashes and @ signs.
-\newcommand{\bs}{{\ttfamily \@backslashchar}}% backslash
-\newcommand{\opt}[1]{$\langle${\itshape #1}$\rangle$}% generic text
-
-% For \nocite{keys}:
-\newcommand{\cmdtwo}[2]{{\mdseries\bs\texttt{#1\{}\opt{#2}%
- \texttt{\}}}}%
-% For \cite[post]{keys}:
-\newcommand{\cmdthree}[3]{{\mdseries\bs\texttt{#1[}\opt{#2}%
- \texttt{]\{}\opt{#3}%
- \texttt{\}}}}%
-% For \cite<pre>{keys}:
-\newcommand{\cmdthreepre}[3]{{\mdseries\bs\texttt{#1<}\opt{#2}%
- \texttt{>\{}\opt{#3}%
- \texttt{\}}}}%
-% For \usepackage[options]{apacite}:
-\newcommand{\cmdthreealt}[3]{{\mdseries\bs\texttt{#1[}\opt{#2}%
- \texttt{]\{#3\}}}}%
-% For all \cite<pre>[post]{keys} variants:
-\newcommand{\cmdfour}[4]{{\mdseries\bs\texttt{#1<}\opt{#2}%
- \texttt{>[}\opt{#3}%
- \texttt{]\{}\opt{#4}%
- \texttt{\}}}}%
-
-% It is not clear where and how the \flqq command is defined, so provide
-% an escape if it is not available.
-\AtBeginDocument{%
- \@ifundefined{flqq}{%
- \newcommand{\flqq}{\raisebox{2pt}{\ensuremath{{\scriptscriptstyle\ll}}}}%
- \newcommand{\frqq}{\raisebox{2pt}{\ensuremath{{\scriptscriptstyle\gg}}}}%
- }{}}%
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\makeatother
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%%% START OF ``NORMAL'' PART OF DOCUMENT
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\title{The \pkg{apacite} package\vspace{0.3\baselineskip}\\
- \large Citation and reference list with \LaTeX{} and \BibTeX{}
- according to the rules of the American Psychological Association}
-\author{Erik Meijer\\
- \normalsize\itshape
- Department of Econometrics,
- University of Groningen\\
- \normalsize\itshape
- PO Box 800,
- 9700 AV Groningen,
- The Netherlands\\
- \normalsize
- E-Mail: \textsf{e.meijer@eco.rug.nl}
-}
-\date{June 8, 2005}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\begin{document}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\maketitle
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\begin{abstract}
- \noindent
- This document describes and tests the \pkg{apacite} package
- \APACversiondate{2005/06/08}. This is a package that can be used with
- \LaTeX{} and \BibTeX{} to generate citations and a reference list,
- formatted according to the rules of the American Psychological Association.
- Furthermore, \pkg{apacite} contains an option to (almost) automatically
- generate an author index as well. The package can be customized in many
- ways.
-\end{abstract}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\tableofcontents
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\section{Introduction}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-The American Psychological Association (APA) is very strict about the style in
-which manuscripts submitted to its journals are written and formatted. The
-requirements of the APA are described in the \emph{Publication Manual of the
-American Psychological Association}, the latest version of which is the 5th
-edition \cite{APAManual}. In the sequel, this is simply called the \emph{APA
-manual}.
-
-The APA manual discusses how candidate authors should write their manuscripts:
-writing style, parts of a manuscript and their order, presentation of the
-results in the form of tables and figures, and so forth. Candidate authors
-should study this and adhere to this.
-
-The APA manual also gives specific rules about the formatting of a manuscript.
-This includes double spacing, a running head, the typographic style of section
-headings, the placement of tables and figures on separate pages at the end of
-the document, and so forth. \LaTeX{} users will recognize these as ``style''
-elements that should be defined in a package (\fname{.sty} file) or class
-(\fname{.cls} file). Their specific documents (\fname{.tex} file) should be
-largely style-independent. This idea of separating content and logical
-structure from specific formatting is one of the basic elements of \LaTeX{}
-\cite[p.~7]{LaTeXbook}.
-
-An implementation of the formatting rules of the APA manual for use with
-\LaTeX{} is the \pkg{apa} class of Athanassios Protopapas. This handles all
-kinds of issues about general document formatting, title page, section
-headings, figures and tables, and so forth. Therefore, if you intend to submit
-a manuscript to an APA journal, I strongly recommend using the \pkg{apa}
-class.
-
-An important part of the APA style is the way citations and the reference list
-should be formatted. This takes 75 pages in the APA manual (pp.~207--281,
-excluding the references to legal materials). This part is not handled by the
-\pkg{apa} class, but by the \pkg{apacite} package. The \pkg{apa} class
-requires the \pkg{apacite} package, but \pkg{apacite} can be used without
-\pkg{apa}. The current document, for example, does not use the \pkg{apa}
-class, because I find it desirable that possible users can study the
-\pkg{apacite} package and its documentation without having to install several
-other classes and packages first. Therefore, the current document uses
-standard \LaTeX{} as much as possible.
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\subsection*{Some history}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-Before the advent of the first version of \pkg{apacite} in 1994, several
-authors have written \TeX{} and \LaTeX{} packages (\fname{.sty}) and \BibTeX{}
-style files (\fname{.bst}) with suggestive names as \pkg{apalike},
-\pkg{newapa}, and \pkg{theapa} to try to capture some of the requirements of
-the APA manual. A severe problem with the APA citations is that, if the number
-of authors is between three and five, inclusive, the first citation must
-include all authors, whereas subsequent citations should refer to the first
-author ``et al.''. This problem had been solved by the \pkg{newapa} and
-\pkg{theapa} packages.
-
-A lot of APA peculiarities, however, were not covered by these citation
-styles. Examples are:
-\begin{itemize}
- \item In the reference list, authors should be formatted with
- their initials after their surnames. Editors, however,
- should be formatted with their initials \emph{before} their
- surnames if they are not in the author position.
- \item If the work referred to is a non-English-language source,
- the English translation of the title should be given in
- brackets after the title.
- \item Edition and volume of a book and the pages of an article
- in that book should be gathered between a single pair
- of parentheses.
- \item The publisher of a book and its address should be given as
- ``address: publisher'', and not as ``publisher, address''.
- \item When the work used is a reprint or translation of an
- earlier work, this should be mentioned in the reference
- list. In text, the year must be given in the form
- ``1923/1961''.
- \item There are several ``tricky'' things with brackets and
- parentheses, for example, with the type of an article
- (e.g., ``Letter to the editor'',
- ``Review of the book \emph{The social life of information}'',
- ``Abstract'', ``Special issue''). Furthermore, magazine and
- newspaper articles are treated differently than journal
- articles; papers presented at meetings must be treated
- differently; translators of articles and books and chairs
- of symposia must be introduced; an article can have editors
- instead of authors (e.g., with a special issue); a PhD thesis
- can be abstracted in \emph{Dissertation Abstracts International};
- a (technical) report of some institution can be an (edited)
- collection of articles.
-\end{itemize}
-The \pkg{apacite} package is devised to get (much) closer to the APA rules
-than the abovementioned other packages and styles.
-
-The original version of the \fname{apacite.sty} \LaTeX{} package consisted for
-a large part of the citation part of \fname{theapa.sty}. The current version,
-however, has been changed and extended in many ways and can therefore not be
-considered a straightforward adaptation of \fname{theapa.sty} anymore,
-although it provides largely the same commands, such as \cmd{\citeA}, and
-peculiarities in the command definitions, such as the use of \verb+<...>+ for
-a prefix note and \verb+[...]+ for a postfix note.
-
-Although the \fname{apacite.bst} \BibTeX{} style started out as a slightly
-adapted version of \fname{theapa.bst}, the number of changes became so large
-and things became so unmanageable that I decided to write a completely new
-bibstyle, although using some small parts of the original. The
-\fname{apacite.bst} file can therefore not anymore be seen as an adaptation of
-\fname{theapa.bst}. Due to the complex rules of the APA manual, it has become
-a large file. In the original process of writing (back in 1994), the error
-\begin{verbatim}
-You've exceeded BibTeX's wizard-defined function space
-\end{verbatim}
-was very hard to overcome. It appears that later versions of \BibTeX{} allowed
-much more space, because I have not received this message anymore in recent
-years, although the bibstyle has been expanded considerably. However, if you
-run an old \BibTeX{}, you may encounter this (and similar) error messages.
-
-In the ``dark years'' between 1994 and 2003, in which there was no official
-new version of \pkg{apacite}, I have been fixing small bugs, discovered either
-by me or by users who sent in their bug reports, and adding some small options
-that were easy to incorporate and that I found useful or that were requested
-by a user. Furthermore, in 1998, I spent considerable effort in adding an
-(almost) automatic author indexing option, first used for my PhD thesis
-\cite{meijer1998}.
-
-In the first few months of 2003, I fixed a number of problems with the
-compatibility between \pkg{apacite} and some other important packages.
-Although I had been planning (or wishing, rather) to release a proper official
-update of \pkg{apacite} for some time, I had not done so, mainly because I had
-not yet taken the time to update the documentation. The compatibility issues
-were so severe, however, that I decided in March 2003 to release an
-intermediate update, which thus became the first official release since the
-original version. This version contained a lot of files with compatibility
-patches and tests. The main shortcomings of that version were the lack of
-up-to-date documentation and the lack of agreement with the latest version of
-the APA manual (5th ed., 2001).
-
-In September 2003, I finally released a complete, fully updated and
-significantly extended version of \pkg{apacite}, including extensive
-documentation. However, that version still was not able to format some
-citations correctly. The \APACversiondate{2004/07/01} version was a small
-improvement of the \APACversiondate{2003/09/05} version, but fixed the
-important inadequacies of previous versions.
-
-The current version is also a relatively minor update, but it may be important
-for some users. The main difference with previous versions is that it offers
-support of non-English languages, although this is still limited. Moreover,
-this is clearly a non-APA direction, because all APA publications are in
-English. However, many journals, universities, etc.\ in non-English speaking
-countries base their rules on the APA rules, and thus it may be useful to have
-the possibility to use \pkg{apacite} in combination with documents in
-non-English languages as well. See section~\ref{sec:compat-babel} for a
-description of the implementation of this feature.
-
-Apart from this language support and the facilities for customization, the
-current version of \pkg{apacite} is aimed at conforming with the 5th edition
-of the APA manual. It remains, however, imperfect, although the instances of
-wrongly formatted cases will be rare. Many problems can be solved by
-``tricking'' the style (e.g., by defining the \fieldname{number} field as
-``\verb+2, Serial No. 186+'' if the issue number and serial number of a
-journal are both important), but this makes the \fname{.bib} file less
-compatible with other styles. In the test examples in section~\ref{sec:xmpl}
-below, many tricks are used and discussed. Remaining problems, omissions, and
-things-to-be-done can be found in section~\ref{sec:todo}.
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\subsection*{Philosophy of \pkg{apacite}}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-As can be deduced from the discussion thus far, the first priority of
-\pkg{apacite} is to implement the rules of the APA manual with regard to
-citation and reference list as closely as possible. However, just like its
-predecessors, \pkg{apacite} offers some possibilities for customization as
-well. Many details of \pkg{apacite}, particularly punctuation and some fixed
-texts (e.g., ``Tech.\ Rep.'') can be changed easily by the user by redefining
-some commands in \LaTeX{}. Furthermore, \pkg{apacite} also offers several
-proper options to change some of its settings.
-
-Whether certain options or customizable aspects are implemented depends on two
-criteria: (1) Is it possible, easy (enough), and convenient to implement them
-without compromising the ability to adhere to the APA rules, and (2) Do I (EM)
-consider them important or useful enough to spend time to implement them.
-Actually, the decision process is the reverse of this: First, I decide whether
-I find it a relevant or useful option. If not, I will not implement it. If so,
-I will think about if and how I can implement it. If I have an idea for a
-solution that is practically feasible, I will pursue it. If I don't see a
-solution, if I think it will take me too much time, or if I think a solution
-will be inconvenient to other users, then I will not pursue it.
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\subsection*{Changes since the \APACversiondate{2004/07/01} version}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-The changes since the \APACversiondate{2004/07/01} version are:
-\begin{itemize}
-\item Addition of the \cmd{\BBYY} command (see page~\pageref{cmd:BBYY}).
-\item Limited language support (see section~\ref{sec:compat-babel}).
-\item Resolved some compatibility problems between \pkg{apacite} and
- \pkg{natbib} (see section~\ref{sec:compat-natbib}).
-\item Fixed a bug that caused a compatibility problem when \pkg{apacite}
- was used without one of the author indexing options, but other
- indexes were requested in the document.
-\item Updated the manual (the current document); rewrote some sections.
-\item Improved some of the ``dirty tricks'' in \fname{apacite.tex}
- (see section~\ref{sec:xmpl}).
-\item Some minor changes that most users will not notice.
-\end{itemize}
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\section{Basic usage and options}
-\label{sec:usage}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-The current \pkg{apacite} distribution consists of the following files:
-\begin{description}
-\item[\fname{apacite.sty}] The \LaTeX{} citation package. This must
- be placed in a directory where \TeX{} can find it;
-\item[\fname{apacite.bst}] The \BibTeX{} reference list style. This
- must be placed in a directory where \BibTeX{} can find it;
-\item[\fname{apacitex.bst}] The \BibTeX{} reference list style with
- added author index support. This must also be placed in a directory
- where \BibTeX{} can find it;
-\item[\fname{apacite.tex}] Extensive user's manual and test of the
- \pkg{apacite} package;
-\item[\fname{apacite.pdf}] The processed version of \fname{apacite.tex}
- so you can read the manual without having to install the package first;
-\item[\fname{apa5ex.bib}] The file with bibliographic information
- about the references in \fname{apacite.tex};
-\item[\fname{manifest.txt}] The list of files belonging to the \pkg{apacite}
- package, with a short description;
-\item[\fname{README}] A brief description of the package;
-\item[\fname{lang/}] A directory containing language-specific files
- (see section~\ref{sec:compat-babel}).
-\end{description}
-The \fname{apacite.sty} \LaTeX{} package is loaded by putting
-\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\
-\cmdthreealt{usepackage}{options}{apacite}
-\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\
-somewhere in your document between \verb+\documentclass+ and
-\verb+\begin{document}+, or putting
-\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\
-\cmdthreealt{RequirePackage}{options}{apacite}
-\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\
-in your own personal \LaTeX{} package (say, \fname{mysettings.sty})
-that is loaded by your document.
-
-The following options are recognized by \pkg{apacite}:
-\begin{description}
-\item[\pkgoption{BCAY}] \mbox{}\\
- This is a technical option for backwards compatibility with old versions
- (pre-\APACversiondate{2003/09/05}) of \pkg{apacite}. In those versions of
- \pkg{apacite}, the \cmd{\BCAY} construction was used to pass relevant
- citation information from the \fname{.bbl} file (\BibTeX{}'s output) to
- \LaTeX{}. This was taken over from its immediate predecessor, Young U. Ryu's
- \pkg{theapa}. However, \pkg{natbib} does not recognize the \cmd{\BCAY}
- construction, but it does recognize the analogous \cmd{\citeauthoryear}
- construction, which was also used by an earlier predecessor of
- \pkg{apacite}, \pkg{newapa}. Therefore, \pkg{apacite} has reverted to
- \cmd{\citeauthoryear} as well. This makes different versions of
- \pkg{apacite} incompatible with each other, because it is not possible to
- support both constructions at the same time. This option is used to fix
- that: In the (unlikely) event that you \emph{must} use a \fname{.bbl} file
- that is generated by an old version of \pkg{apacite}, you can turn this
- option on.
-
-\item[\pkgoption{accentfix}] \mbox{}\\
- A cedilla accent (`\c{c}': \verb+\c{c}+) in an author name used to lead to
- errors, only due to the check whether subsequent authors in the same
- citation are equivalent. The same problem is anticipated with the
- \verb+\b{...}+ (`\b{o}') accent, the \verb+\d{...}+ (`\d{o}') accent, and
- the \verb+\copyright+ (\copyright) symbol (Will the latter ever turn up in
- an author name?), due to the same use of \cmd{\crcr}, cf.\
- \citeA[p.~356]{TeXbook}.
-
- This fix therefore redefines these to sensible alternatives, only for
- comparison of authors, not for any real formatting. Therefore, the user
- should not notice this, apart from the lack of error messages, of course.
- Therefore, it is also a default option. However, because I am not entirely
- sure that there are no possible adverse effects, I give the user the option
- to turn it off (\pkgoption{noaccentfix}). The user is then responsible for
- fixing any error messages generated by such characters.
-
-\item[\pkgoption{noaccentfix}] \mbox{}\\
- Turns \pkgoption{accentfix} off.
-
-\item[\pkgoption{index}]
-\item[\pkgoption{stdindex}]
-\item[\pkgoption{tocindex}]
-\item[\pkgoption{emindex}] \mbox{}\\
- These four options turn author indexing on, but differ in the way the index
- is formatted. See section~\ref{sec:autindex} for a discussion of the author
- indexing facility. These should be used with the \fname{apacitex.bst}
- \BibTeX{} style, see below, although they also work with
- \fname{apacite.bst}, but that does not give author index entries, so these
- options then typically do not have any effect (and an undesirable effect if
- they do).
-
-\item[\pkgoption{noindex}] \mbox{}\\
- Turns author indexing off (the default). Typically used with
- \fname{apacite.bst}, but can also be used with \fname{apacitex.bst}. In the
- latter case, the author indexing commands are simply ignored. Therefore,
- \fname{apacite.bst} is actually superfluous, but because author indexing
- will be used rarely and it is more likely to lead to errors or
- incompatibilities, a ``clean'' (no author indexing) version,
- \fname{apacite.bst}, is provided as well.
-
-\item[\pkgoption{numberedbib}] \mbox{}\\
- This option implies that the bibliography (reference list) is a numbered
- section or chapter, e.g., ``6.~References'', instead of just ``References''.
-
-\item[\pkgoption{unnumberedbib}] \mbox{}\\
- The reverse of \pkgoption{numberedbib}: The bibliography is an unnumbered
- section or chapter. This is the default. However, it is possible that when
- using the \pkg{apa} document class, then \pkgoption{numberedbib} works
- better, because that class turns section numbering off anyway and it may be
- that \pkg{apa}'s page headings work well if the reference list is a
- \cmd{\section} and not if it is a \cmd{\section*}. I have not experimented
- with this (yet), however.
-
-\item[\pkgoption{sectionbib}] \mbox{}\\
- With this option, the bibliography is a section and not a chapter. Mainly
- useful in combination with the \pkg{chapterbib} package. Therefore, it will
- be discussed in more detail in section~\ref{sec:compat-chapterbib}.
-
-\item[\pkgoption{nosectionbib}] \mbox{}\\
- With this option, the bibliography is a chapter, if the \cmd{\chapter}
- command is defined. Otherwise, it is always a section. Again, see
- section~\ref{sec:compat-chapterbib}.
-
-\item[\pkgoption{tocbib}] \mbox{}\\
- This puts the bibliography in the table of contents, even if it is
- unnumbered, provided of course that a table of contents is requested in the
- document (by \cmd{\tableofcontents}). This is the default.
-
-\item[\pkgoption{notocbib}] \mbox{}\\
- This does not put the bibliography in the table of contents if it is an
- unnumbered section or chapter. If it's numbered, it is always in the table
- of contents.
-
-\item[\pkgoption{bibnewpage}] \mbox{}\\
- The bibliography is started on a new page. This is required by some journal
- styles, including the APA manual. The \pkg{apa} class already contained this
- in its \pkgoption{man} option, but now it has been made available directly
- in \pkg{apacite}.
-
-\item[\pkgoption{nobibnewpage}] \mbox{}\\
- The bibliography is not explicitly started on a new page, although if the
- bibliography is a chapter, it will be started on a new page anyway, because
- chapters are started on a new page. This is the default in \pkg{apacite} and
- thus is the only time a non-APA setting is used as default instead of an
- available APA setting. Therefore, to satisfy the APA rules, you have to
- request the \pkgoption{bibnewpage} option explicitly.
-
-\item[\pkgoption{hyper}] \mbox{}\\
- This switches on some code provided by Ross Moore that makes \pkg{apacite}
- and \pkg{hyperref} compatible to some extent. However, this also violates
- the APA manual rules somewhat, so it is not a default option. See
- section~\ref{sec:compat-hyper} for a more detailed description.
-
-\item[\pkgoption{nohyper}] \mbox{}\\
- This switches off the code of the \pkgoption{hyper} option mentioned above.
- This is the default.
-\end{description}
-%
-To load the \fname{apacite.bst} or \fname{apacitex.bst} bibliography style in
-\BibTeX{}, put
-\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\
-\verb+\bibliographystyle{apacite}+
-\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\
-or
-\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\
-\verb+\bibliographystyle{apacitex}+
-\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\
-respectively, in your document before the \cmd{\bibliography} command. The
-position of the bibliography (reference list) is determined by the line
-\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\
-\cmdtwo{bibliography}{bibfiles}
-\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\
-where \opt{bibfiles} is a list of filenames with \fname{.bib} extension, which
-contain the bibliographic information that is used by \BibTeX{} to construct
-the reference list. Usually, the \cmd{\bibliographystyle} and
-\cmd{\bibliography} are kept together (immediately follow each other) in the
-document, although when you are using the \pkg{apa} document class,
-\pkg{apacite} is used by definition and you are not supposed to use the
-\cmd{\bibliographystyle} command yourself. See the documentation of the
-\pkg{apa} documentclass for details about this.
-
-If you use one of the author indexing options, the author index is put in
-the \LaTeX{} output by the line
-\begin{verbatim}
-\printindex[autx]
-\end{verbatim}
-If you put this line in your document, but use the \pkgoption{noindex} option
-(either explicitly or implicitly by requesting no other index option), it will
-be ignored. For more on author indexing, see section~\ref{sec:autindex}.
-
-To get all parts in the final output, the following sequence of runs should
-typically be taken (when starting from scratch): (1) \LaTeX{}, (2) \BibTeX{},
-(3) \LaTeX{}, (4) \LaTeX{}, and, when author indexing is on, (5) \MakeIndex{},
-(6) \LaTeX{}, and (7) \LaTeX{}. The last one is to get the index in the table
-of contents. If the table of contents is on a regular page, i.e., an
-arabic-numbered page instead of a roman-numbered page in the front matter, it
-may even be necessary to run \MakeIndex{} another time, followed by \LaTeX{}
-once or twice. Occasionally, somewhere in the process, \LaTeX{} may complain
-about labels that may have changed, which requires even more additional
-\LaTeX{} runs at that stage. So the number of runs that are necessary to get
-everything right may become large.
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\section{The citation commands}
-\label{sec:cite}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-In this section, the commands are described that can be used to cite a work.
-Their default behavior will be explained. In section~\ref{sec:custom},
-customization of this behavior will be discussed. Extensive examples are given
-in section~\ref{sec:xmpl}.
-
-If the \pkg{apacite} package is loaded, the following citation commands can be
-used.
-\begin{description}
- \item[\cmdfour{cite}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}]
- \item[\cmdfour{fullcite}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}]
- \item[\cmdfour{shortcite}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] \mbox{}\\
- These three commands produce parenthetical citations of the
- following form:
- ``(\opt{prefix} \opt{Authors1}, \opt{Year1};
- \opt{Authors2}, \opt{Year2}; \ldots; \opt{AuthorsN}, \opt{YearN},
- \opt{postfix})''.
- The command \cmd{\fullcite} uses the ``full'' author list, and
- the \cmd{\shortcite} command uses the abbreviated author list.
- The \cmd{\cite} command uses the ``full'' list the first time
- a work is referenced and the ``short'' list the second and
- subsequent times. In accordance with the APA manual, the
- ``full'' list consists of all authors if their number is five
- or less, and the first author suffixed with ``et al.{}''
- if their number is six or more. Similarly, the ``short'' list
- consists of all authors if their number is two or less and the
- first author with ``et al.{}'' if their number is three or more.
- There are some nuances for complicated situations. These will
- be discussed in section~\ref{sec:xmpl}.
-
- If the (full) author lists of subsequent citations within the
- same citation command are the same, they are not repeated; only
- the years of the later citations are given.
- This holds for all analogous cases as well.
-
- The prefix and postfix are optional. Thus, e.g.,
- \cmdtwo{cite}{keys}, \cmdthree{cite}{postfix}{keys},
- and \cmdthreepre{cite}{prefix}{keys} are also allowed.
- This holds for all analogous cases as well.
-
- \item[\cmdfour{citeA}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}]
- \item[\cmdfour{fullciteA}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}]
- \item[\cmdfour{shortciteA}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] \mbox{}\\
- These commands are similar to the commands without the
- ``\verb+A+'' suffix. They produce in-text citations of the form
- ``\opt{prefix} \opt{Authors1} (\opt{Year1}),
- \opt{Authors2} (\opt{Year2}), \ldots,
- \opt{AuthorsN} (\opt{YearN}, \opt{postfix})''.
- Typically, the \opt{prefix} will be empty, because it is
- part of the main text, and there typically will only be
- one citation in \opt{keys} (unless the authors of
- multiple citations are the same), because the authors'
- names are also part of the main text. But it was easy
- to provide the additional options, and this enhances
- the similarity with the other citation commands, which
- I found desirable.
-
- \item[\cmdfour{citeauthor}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}]
- \item[\cmdfour{fullciteauthor}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}]
- \item[\cmdfour{shortciteauthor}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] \mbox{}\\
- These commands are similar to their \cmd{\cite}-type
- counterparts, except that they produce citations of the form
- ``\opt{prefix} \opt{Authors1}, \opt{Authors2}, \ldots,
- \opt{AuthorsN}, \opt{postfix}''
- (the years and parentheses are left out).
- This is typically used in a paragraph when a proper
- citation (incl.\ year) to the same work has already been
- given in the paragraph.%
- \footnote{Note that a paragraph is not
- a section. Nor does it need to be declared as a
- \cmd{\paragraph}. A reminder for Dutch readers:
- ``section'' = ``paragraaf'' and ``paragraph'' = ``alinea''.}
- In such a case, according to the APA manual, the year must not be
- repeated for repeated references to the same work in the same
- paragraph.
-
- A second important application of these commands is
- when some complex citations must be constructed, like
- ``\citeauthor{4.05-1}'s \citeyear{4.05-1} theory'',
- which makes combined use of \cmd{\citeauthor} and
- \cmd{\citeyear}, see below.
-
- Normally, I would expect only one citation per
- \cmd{\citeauthor}-type command, and no \opt{prefix}
- or \opt{postfix}.
-
- \item[\cmdfour{citeyear}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] \mbox{}\\
- Produces citations of the form
- ``(\opt{prefix} \opt{Year1}, \opt{Year2}, \ldots, \opt{YearN},
- \opt{postfix})''.
- See the discussion of \cmd{\citeauthor} above. Typically,
- the \opt{prefix} would be empty and multiple citations
- would only be used if they have the same authors.
-
- \item[\cmdfour{citeyearNP}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] \mbox{}\\
- A ``no parentheses'' version of \cmd{\citeyear}.
- Produces citations of the form
- ``\opt{prefix} \opt{Year1}, \opt{Year2}, \ldots, \opt{YearN},
- \opt{postfix}''. Can be used for complex citations within
- parenthetical material, like
- ``the work of \citeauthor{3.99-15} (\citeyearNP{3.99-15};
- but see also \citeNP{3.99-16,3.99-17})'',
- which also uses the \cmd{\citeNP} command, see below.
-
- \item[\cmdfour{citeNP}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}]
- \item[\cmdfour{fullciteNP}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}]
- \item[\cmdfour{shortciteNP}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] \mbox{}\\
- ``No parentheses'' versions of \cmd{\cite}, \cmd{\fullcite},
- and \cmd{\shortcite}. They produce citations of the form
- ``\opt{prefix} \opt{Authors1}, \opt{Year1};
- \opt{Authors2}, \opt{Year2}; \ldots; \opt{AuthorsN}, \opt{YearN},
- \opt{postfix}''. Can be used for complex citations within
- parenthetical material, see the discussion of
- \cmd{\citeyearNP} above.
-
- \item[\cmdtwo{nocite}{keys}] \mbox{}\\
- The entries are included in the bibliography without
- being cited in text. This is standard \LaTeX.
- Note that the APA manual normally does not allow this.
- The only exception concerns works that are studied in a
- meta-analysis, but for these the \cmd{\nocitemeta}
- command should be used.
-
- \item[\cmdtwo{nocitemeta}{keys}] \mbox{}\\
- This is similar to \cmd{\nocite}. It is used to get the
- list of works included in a meta-analysis in the
- bibliography. This command has the additional effect that
- the corresponding items in the bibliography are preceded
- by an asterisk ($\star$) and a remark explaining this
- is inserted just before the bibliography, as required
- by the APA manual.
-\end{description}
-In order to format the examples from the APA manual correctly in
-section~\ref{sec:xmpl}, I have also defined the following additional citation
-commands: \cmd{\DSMcite}, \cmd{\biblecite}, and \cmd{\citesong}, and obvious
-variations with \verb+full+, \verb+short+, \verb+A+, and \verb+NP+. However, I
-have decided not to include these in \fname{apacite.sty}. The most important
-reason for this is that I find it unattractive to introduce different types of
-citation commands for different types of citations. This also makes it more
-difficult to use the same document with another citation package. I hope to be
-able to provide, in a future version of \pkg{apacite}, more elegant solutions
-to the problems for which these commands were defined.
-
-Nevertheless, I used these commands for the examples in section~\ref{sec:xmpl}
-and therefore included their definitions at the top of the file
-\fname{apacite.tex}. Thus, if you want to use them, you can copy their
-definitions to the top of your own document or personal style file (say,
-\fname{mysettings.sty}, do not change \fname{apacite.sty}), you can study
-their behavior, and perhaps improve them.
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\section{Contents of the \fname{.bib} file}
-\label{sec:bib}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-The information that is used by \LaTeX/\BibTeX{} to generate
-the citations and reference list must be stored by the user in one
-or more files with the \fname{.bib} extension.
-A detailed overview of the contents of the \fname{.bib} file is
-given in \citeA[section~13.5]{LaTeXcomp}. Roughly speaking, the
-\fname{.bib} file consists of a collection of \emph{entries}
-of the form
-\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\
-\verb+@+\opt{entryname}\verb+{+\opt{contents}\verb+}+
-\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\
-Most entries describe a work that may be referenced, e.g., a book
-or article. There are, however, two exceptions: a \entryname{preamble}
-entry (with \opt{entryname} = \verb+preamble+) and a \entryname{string}
-entry (with \opt{entryname} = \verb+string+). There is typically
-at most one \entryname{preamble} entry. Its \opt{contents} consist of a
-string---according to \BibTeX, i.e., between double quotes (\verb+"+)
-or an additional pair of braces (\verb+{+ and \verb+}+). This
-string, which typically consists of \LaTeX{} commands like
-\verb+\newcommand{\SortNoop}[1]{}+, is literally included
-in the document before the bibliography. It can therefore be used
-to define commands that are used in the (other) entries of the
-\fname{.bib} file and that are not standard \LaTeX{}.
-
-A \entryname{string} entry is similar, but the contents are now not
-included in the document. Instead, the string is assigned to a kind of
-``variable'', the name of which may contain characters
-not usually associated with variable names, like colons and
-hyphens, see \citeA[pp.~402--403]{LaTeXcomp}. An example of a
-\entryname{string} entry is
-\begin{verbatim}
-@string{ JPSP = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology} }
-\end{verbatim}
-Then, if in a later entry, the journal is
-\emph{Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, you can format this
-as
-\begin{verbatim}
- journal = JPSP,
-\end{verbatim}
-instead of the usual
-\begin{verbatim}
- journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology},
-\end{verbatim}
-This is not only convenient because it saves typing of common
-long journal names, but it can also be used to define
-style-specific variations. For example, some styles abbreviate
-journal names, such as
-\emph{J. Pers. Soc. Psych.} instead of
-\emph{Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}.
-You could then put the definitions of all full journal names
-in one \fname{.bib} file (\fname{fulljou.bib}, say) and the definitions
-of the abbreviated journal names in another (\fname{abbrjou.bib}, say).
-Suppose that the information about the referenced works is stored in a
-third file, say, \fname{myrefs.bib}, and that the ``NotAPA''
-style rules, implemented in the \fname{notapa.bst} \BibTeX{} style file,
-require the abbreviated journal names. Then you can use
-\begin{verbatim}
-\bibliographystyle{notapa}
-\bibliography{abbrjou,myrefs}
-\end{verbatim}
-to obtain a reference list complying with the ``NotAPA'' rules. If
-you change your mind and decide to switch to using the rules of the
-APA manual, you only need to change the two lines above into
-\begin{verbatim}
-\bibliographystyle{apacite}
-\bibliography{fulljou,myrefs}
-\end{verbatim}
-(and additionally load the \fname{apacite.sty} \LaTeX{} package
-through \cmd{\usepackage}).
-
-In the accompanying \fname{.bib} file, I have used the
-\entryname{string} entry
-to put some comments in the file:
-\begin{verbatim}
-@string{ comment = {
-\end{verbatim}
-$\mbox{}\qquad$\opt{comment text}
-\begin{verbatim}
-}}
-\end{verbatim}
-This is useful because \BibTeX{} does not have a comment character, e.g., the
-percent sign does not work. If you put text between entries, this is ignored,
-so you may not need a comment character, but I wanted to put my e-mail address
-in the comments at the top of the file, and the \verb+@+ sign of an e-mail
-address is interpreted as the start of a new entry by \BibTeX{}, unless it is
-put into a string.
-
-The remaining entry types are types that correspond with the
-type of a referenced work, e.g., \entryname{book} or
-\entryname{article}. These entry types (reference types) are
-discussed in section~\ref{subsec:types} below.
-Such entries have the following structure:
-\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\
-\verb+@+\opt{entryname}\verb+{+\opt{key}\verb+,+\\
-$\mbox{}\qquad$\opt{fieldname1}\verb+ = +\opt{value1}\verb+,+\\
-$\mbox{}\qquad$\opt{fieldname2}\verb+ = +\opt{value2}\verb+,+\\
-$\mbox{}\qquad\qquad\vdots$\\
-$\mbox{}\qquad$\opt{fieldnameN}\verb+ = +\opt{valueN}\\
-\verb+}+
-\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\
-where \opt{key} corresponds to the key used in the citation
-commands and matches the entry with the citation (and should
-therefore be unique). The fieldnames are \verb+author+, \verb+year+,
-etc., which are described in section~\ref{subsec:fields} below.
-The values are strings, either defined previously by a
-\entryname{string} entry or explicitly indicated as such here
-by putting the relevant information between double quotes
-(\verb+"+) or a pair of braces (\verb+{+ and \verb+}+).
-
-To be able to obey the rules of the APA manual, \pkg{apacite}
-provides several fields and reference types that are not
-described in the standard \BibTeX{} documentation
-\cite<e.g.,>[chap.~13]{LaTeXcomp}. Furthermore,
-the meaning and usage of many fields and reference types that
-\emph{are} described there have been altered somewhat. Therefore,
-a complete description is given here.
-The symbol \LC{} will be used to indicate that the field or
-reference type is also described in \citeA[Appendix~B]{LaTeXbook}
-or \citeA[chapter~13]{LaTeXcomp}, although, as mentioned above, the
-specific meaning of the item may have been changed.
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\subsection{Types of references}
-\label{subsec:types}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-In this section, the list of reference types that are recognized by
-\pkg{apacite} is given. An overview of which fields can be used for which
-reference type is given in Table~\ref{tab:fieldref}. If fields are not
-relevant, but you use them anyway in your \fname{.bib} file, they are ignored.
-The fields and their use are described in more detail in
-section~\ref{subsec:fields}, but here some specific issues will already be
-mentioned.
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\begin{table}[p]
-\begin{center}
-\caption{List of fields that are used by the various reference types
- (blank = not used; \X{} = used;
- \Y{} = used, but only for citations).}
-\label{tab:fieldref}
-\small
-\makebox[0pt]{% some manipulation to squeeze the table onto the page
-\newlength{\oldtabcolsep}
-\setlength{\oldtabcolsep}{\tabcolsep}
-\setlength{\tabcolsep}{2pt}
-\begin{tabular}{@{}lcccccccccc@{}}
-\hline
- & \multicolumn{10}{c}{Reference type}\\
- \cline{2-11}
-%
-% Normally, I would use the sideways environment of the rotating
-% package to format this nicely, but I do not want to require
-% other packages to format this document, so I choose an uglier
-% solution here.
-%
- & article\\
- & magazine & & & & &
- & phdthesis\\
-Field
- & newspaper & book & incollection & techreport & intechreport & lecture
- & mastersthesis
- & unpublished
- & misc
- & literal\\
-\hline
-address & &\X&\X&\X&\X& &\X&\X&\X& \\
-annote & & & & & & & & & & \\
-author &\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X& \\
-booktitle & & &\X& &\X& & & & & \\
-chair & & & & & &\X& & & & \\
-chapter & & &\X& & & & & & & \\
-day &\X& &\X&\X&\X&\X& &\X&\X& \\
-edition & &\X&\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & \\
-editor &\X&\X&\X&\X&\X& & &\X&\X& \\
-englishtitle &\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X& \\
-firstkey &\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y\\
-howpublished &\X& &\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X& \\
-institution & & & &\X&\X& & & & & \\
-journal &\X& & & & & &\X& & & \\
-key &\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y\\
-month &\X& &\X&\X&\X&\X& &\X&\X& \\
-note &\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X& \\
-number &\X&\X& &\X&\X& &\X&\X&\X& \\
-organization & & & & & & & &\X& & \\
-originaladdress &\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & & & \\
-originalbooktitle &\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & & & \\
-originaledition &\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & & & \\
-originaleditor &\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & & & \\
-originaljournal &\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & & & \\
-originalnumber &\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & & & \\
-originalpages &\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & & & \\
-originalpublisher &\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & & & \\
-originalvolume &\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & & & \\
-originalyear &\X&\X&\X&\Y&\X&\Y&\X&\Y&\Y&\Y\\
-pages &\X& &\X& &\X& &\X& & & \\
-publisher & &\X&\X& & & & & &\X& \\
-school & & & & & & &\X& & & \\
-series & & & & & & & & & & \\
-symposium & & & & & &\X& & & & \\
-text & & & & & & & & & &\X\\
-title &\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X& \\
-translator &\X&\X&\X&\Y&\X&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y\\
-type &\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X& \\
-volume &\X&\X&\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & \\
-year &\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\Y\\
-\hline
-\end{tabular}%
-\setlength{\tabcolsep}{\oldtabcolsep}
-}
-\end{center}
-%
-\end{table}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-The following entry types (reference types) are defined in \pkg{apacite}:
-\begin{description}
- \item[\entryname{article}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- A journal article or comparable. If the
- ``article'' referenced to is a special issue of a journal or
- something else that has editors instead of authors, the
- \fieldname{author} field should be empty and the \fieldname{editor}
- field should be used for the editors. If the journal paginates
- by issue instead of by volume, or when you are referring to a
- whole special issue, the issue number should be given
- in the \fieldname{number} field. In all other cases (including
- referring to an article within a special issue), the
- \fieldname{number} field must not be used. The \fieldname{type}
- field can be used to denote the type of article, for example,
- ``\verb+Letter to the editor+'', or
- ``\verb+Review of the book \emph{Life in the middle}+''.
-
- \item[\entryname{magazine}] \mbox{}\\
- A magazine article. Unlike in previous versions of \pkg{apacite},
- this is now equivalent to \entryname{article}. However, with
- an \entryname{article}, the \fieldname{month} and \fieldname{day}
- fields should generally not be used, unless there is a compelling
- reason to use them. For a magazine, the \fieldname{month}, and
- \fieldname{day} (for weeklies) fields are commonly used.
-
- \item[\entryname{newspaper}] \mbox{}\\
- A newspaper article. This is similar to \entryname{article} and
- \fieldname{magazine}, except that the pages are formatted a little
- different, with ``pp. 23--49'' instead of just ``23--49''.
-
- \item[\entryname{book}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- An entire book. The \fieldname{type} field can now be used
- to denote a specific type of item (so generally not strictly
- a book), e.g., ``\verb+Brochure+''. Similarly, the
- \fieldname{number} field can be used if this is considered
- useful. (It is used in example 24 in the APA manual, see
- below.) This seems quite rare to me, however. It should
- certainly \emph{not} be used for ISBN numbers and the like.
-
- \item[\entryname{incollection}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- An article in a (usually edited) book, or other kind of larger
- work, except a report, for which the \entryname{intechreport}
- entry is used. The \fieldname{booktitle} field contains the
- title of the whole collection (book). The \fieldname{type}
- field is currently used to denote the type of article, as
- with the \entryname{article} reference type, although in some
- cases, it may be more naturally to let the \fieldname{type}
- field contain the type of the whole work (e.g., CD). Therefore,
- I may change this somewhat in future versions of \pkg{apacite}.
-
- \item[\entryname{techreport}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- A report. This may be a ``technical'' report such as published
- by universities, or a report from government organizations or
- private companies. The \fieldname{type} field can be used to
- indicate what kind of report it is, e.g.,
- ``\verb+College Board Rep.+'' or ``\verb+{DHHS} Publication+''.
- If the \fieldname{type} field is missing, the default type
- ``\verb+Tech.\ Rep.{}+'' is used. If no type description should
- be given, \verb+\bibnotype+ should be used as the contents of
- the \fieldname{type} field. The \fieldname{number} field can
- be used to give the report number. The organization that
- published the report should be given in the \fieldname{institution}
- field.
-
- \item[\entryname{intechreport}] \mbox{}\\
- An article in a (usually edited) report. This is more or less
- a combination of \entryname{incollection} and
- \entryname{techreport}. It uses the same fields as the former
- to describe the article itself, except \fieldname{type}, e.g.,
- \fieldname{booktitle}, which is in this case the title of the
- entire report,
- and the same fields as the latter to describe the report.
- In particular, the \fieldname{type}, \fieldname{number},
- and \fieldname{institution} fields are used for the report.
-
- \item[\entryname{lecture}] \mbox{}\\
- A paper presented at a meeting. According to the APA manual,
- the year and month should be given, but \pkg{apacite} also
- uses the \fieldname{day} field when available.
- The \fieldname{symposium} field can be used for the
- name of the symposium and the \fieldname{chair} field for the chair of
- the meeting. The \fieldname{howpublished} field should be used to
- indicate the occasion at which the paper was presented if the
- \fieldname{symposium} field is empty, e.g.,
- ``\texttt{Paper presented at the meeting of the American
- Professional Society on the Abuse of Children,
- San Diego, CA}''.
- It can also be used to give additional information about
- the symposium if the \fieldname{symposium} field is not empty.
-
- \item[\entryname{phdthesis}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- A doctoral dissertation. The \fieldname{school} field is used
- to denote the university for which the thesis was written.
- The \fieldname{type} field can be used for the thesis type,
- e.g., ``\verb+PhD thesis+''. If it is empty, the default type
- is used, which is ``\verb+Unpublished doctoral dissertation+''
- or ``\verb+Doctoral dissertation+'', depending on whether
- the \fieldname{journal} field is empty or not.
-
- If the thesis is abstracted in \emph{Dissertation Abstracts
- International} or similar, then the \fieldname{journal},
- \fieldname{volume}, \fieldname{number}, and \fieldname{pages} fields
- can be used as with journal articles. The \fieldname{year} field
- should denote the year of the ``journal''.
- The \fieldname{originalyear} field should be used to denote the year
- of the original thesis, even if it is the same as the year of the
- abstract, provided that the original thesis is used, and not
- the abstract. Then, the \fieldname{school} field should also
- be used, and optionally the \fieldname{type} field. If only
- the abstract is used, it should presumably be treated as a
- journal article.
-
-
- \item[\entryname{mastersthesis}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- This is equivalent to the \entryname{phdthesis} type, except that
- the default ``unpublished'' and ``published'' \fieldname{type}s are
- ``\verb+Unpublished master's thesis+'' and
- ``\verb+Master's thesis+''.
-
- \item[\entryname{unpublished}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- For unpublished manuscripts and similarly ``obscure'' material.
- The \fieldname{howpublished} field will typically be used to
- indicate what kind of work is referred to (e.g.,
- ``\verb+Unpublished manuscript+''). The \fieldname{organization}
- field can be used to denote the organization in which the document
- was produced, e.g., ``\texttt{Johns Hopkins University, Center
- for Social Organization of Schools}''. Note that the larger
- organization should be given first and the department after that.
- The address (city and state, etc., see the discussion of the
- \fieldname{address} field in section~\ref{subsec:fields} below)
- of the organization should be given in the \fieldname{address}
- field, unless it is already mentioned in the name of the
- organization. Presumably, if the organization is
- ``\verb+University of Groningen+'', the city name ``Groningen''
- should not be given in the \fieldname{address} field, but
- the country ``The Netherlands'' should. When both the
- \fieldname{organization} and the \fieldname{address} field
- are available, \pkg{apacite} formats these as
- ``organization, address''. This is different from the
- usual ``address: publisher'' form. This behavior cannot
- explicitly be deduced from the 5th edition, nor from the
- 4th edition, of the APA manual, but the 3rd edition
- \cite{APAManual3} gives an explicit example (example 53,
- p.~131): \citeA{APA-3rd-ed-ex53}.
-
- \item[\entryname{misc}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- For works that do not fit into the other categories, such as
- motion pictures, cassette recordings, computer software, etc.
- The \fieldname{type} field can be used to indicate the type
- of work, and \pkg{apacite} recognizes a few specific types
- that should be formatted a little differently, see the discussion
- of the \fieldname{type} field below. If the \fieldname{address}
- and \fieldname{publisher} fields are available, the address and
- publisher part is formatted as with books. The \entryname{unpublished}
- and \entryname{misc} types are very similar, but there are some
- differences. For example, \entryname{unpublished} uses the
- \entryname{organization} field and \entryname{misc} uses the
- \fieldname{publisher} field, and this part is formatted differently.
- Further, the \entryname{unpublished} type requires
- \fieldname{author}, \fieldname{editor}, \fieldname{title}, or
- \fieldname{type}, whereas with \fieldname{misc},
- \fieldname{howpublished} takes the first position if these fields
- are all empty. Finally, as briefly indicated above and discussed
- in more detail below, \entryname{misc} recognizes some special
- types in the \fieldname{type} field.
-
- \item[\entryname{literal}] \mbox{}\\
- If the other categories do not format the item correctly, this
- category can be used. The \fieldname{text} field is copied literally
- to the bibliography. The \fieldname{firstkey}, \fieldname{key},
- \fieldname{year}, and possibly \fieldname{originalyear} and
- \fieldname{translator} fields are necessary to get correct
- in-text citations. However, I have never needed to use this
- entry type and I think that \entryname{misc} should also
- be able to format the entry correctly. Furthermore, the
- correct placement of \entryname{literal} references in the
- reference list (alphabetizing, sorting), may be problematic.
-
- \item[\entryname{booklet}\LC]
- \item[\entryname{inbook}\LC]
- \item[\entryname{inproceedings}\LC]
- \item[\entryname{manual}\LC]
- \item[\entryname{proceedings}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- These categories are defined by all standard citation styles. They
- are, however, not needed for the examples in the APA manual. For
- compatibility, however, they are included and defined as follows:
- \entryname{booklet} = \entryname{manual} = \entryname{proceedings} =
- \entryname{misc}; \entryname{inbook} = \entryname{inproceedings} =
- \entryname{incollection}.
-\end{description}
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\subsection{Fields}
-\label{subsec:fields}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-The following fields can be used to describe a reference in the
-\fname{.bib} file:
-\begin{description}
-
- \item[\fieldname{address}\LC] \mbox{}\\%
- The address (usually the city and state or country) of the
- publisher, school, institution, or organization that published
- the item or at which the item was produced. The APA manual
- requires that the state or territory of a U.S.-city must be given
- in the official two-letter U.S. Postal Services form. Only for
- a specific list of 17 specific cities that are ``well known
- for publishing'' can (must) the state and/or country
- description be omitted.
-
- \item[\fieldname{annote}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- This is used in some annotated bibliography
- styles. It is not used by \pkg{apacite}, but no warning
- is given either. It is thus simply ignored.
-
- \item[\fieldname{author}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- The author(s) of the work. This may also be a corporate
- author when applicable, but some specific measures must
- then be taken to prevent the corporate name from being
- interpreted as a first name and last name
- (such as ``Association, A. P.''), see the examples.
-
- As discussed in the standard \BibTeX{} documentation,
- multiple authors must be separated by the word \verb+and+,
- and each author's name can either be given in the form
- ``\opt{firstnames}\verb+ +\opt{lastnames}'' or
- ``\opt{lastnames}\verb+, +\opt{firstnames}''. However,
- ``von'' parts and ``junior'' parts complicate issues
- a bit. See the examples and the discussion of them.
-
- I would generally give the full first name(s) in the \fname{.bib}
- file, even though the APA manual only requires initials,
- because other styles require full first name(s) and
- \pkg{apacite} abbreviates to initials automatically.
- I have done this only occasionally with the examples,
- because the APA manual only gives the initials.
- Therefore, I have only provided first names with a few
- examples for which I knew the authors' first names.
-
- If there are more than 6 authors, the APA manual requires
- that the first 6 should be named in the reference list,
- followed by ``et al.''. Therefore, \pkg{apacite} uses
- only the names of the first 6 authors, and inserts an
- ``et al.'' when applicable. Therefore, in the \fname{.bib}
- file, the first 6 (or more) authors may be given (separated by
- ``\verb+and+''), followed by ``\verb+and others+''. This phrase
- is recognized by \pkg{apacite}.
- It is, however, better to give all authors in
- the \fname{.bib} file, so that each style can select its
- own truncation number.
-
- \item[\fieldname{booktitle}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- The title of the larger work, typically book, but sometimes
- something else, like a report, in which the referenced item
- (article) was published.
-
- \item[\fieldname{chair}] \mbox{}\\
- The chair(s) of a symposium or meeting. Used for lectures.
- It is formatted the same way as editors.
-
- \item[\fieldname{chapter}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- The chapter number if the referenced item is a chapter in
- a larger collection. Typically used if the referenced work
- is a chapter in an internet document. If the collection is
- a book, page numbers (in the \fieldname{pages} field)
- should be used instead according to the APA rules.
-
- \item[\fieldname{crossref}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- The \pkg{apacite} package does not recognize this field,
- because the APA manual does not discuss explicit
- cross-referencing. If the referenced work is a chapter
- (article) in an edited book, all relevant information
- should be given in the reference list as part of the
- information about the referenced chapter, not as, e.g.,
- ``In Wainrib (1992)''. If several chapters from the
- book edited by Wainrib are referenced, the same information
- about this book is given with each referenced chapter,
- and the work itself is not a separate entry in the reference
- list (unless it is explicitly referred to).
-
- However, the \fieldname{crossref} field
- \emph{can} be used, as part of standard \BibTeX{} usage.
- Missing fields for the referenced work are then copied from
- the cross-referenced entry, which must come \emph{after}
- the referring entry in the \fname{.bib} file. If you use
- this, remember to put the title of the book (also) in the
- \fieldname{booktitle} field, because the \fieldname{title}
- field of the referring entry is not empty (it contains
- the chapter title).
-
- I have not tested cross-referencing in detail, so I do not
- know if it behaves well (i.e., complies with the implicit
- or explicit APA rules) under various circumstances.
- Therefore, I do not recommend using it without thorough
- testing.
-
- \item[\fieldname{day}] \mbox{}\\
- The day of the month on which the referenced item was published,
- produced, or presented. Mainly used for articles in daily or
- weekly magazines or newspapers, for lectures (although the
- APA manual only specifies the month), and electronic documents.
-
- \item[\fieldname{edition}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- The edition of the book or report. This must be of the form 1st, 2nd,
- 3rd, etc., or ``Rev.'' for a revised edition. Future work may provide
- routines to handle numbers only (1, 2, 3, etc.), so that
- language-specific texts are avoided.
-
- \item[\fieldname{editor}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- The editor(s) of a book, report, or special issue of a journal.
- In the examples, this field is also ``misused'' for the
- producer of a television series.
-
- \item[\fieldname{englishtitle}] \mbox{}\\
- The English translation of the title of an item with a non-English
- title. The APA manual requires that if the referenced work has a
- non-English title, an English translation should be given as well. For
- an article in a journal with a non-English name or in a book with a
- non-English title, the journal name or book title should not be
- translated or put in this field, only the title of the referenced work
- itself must be translated. Because, as of version
- \APACversiondate{2005/06/01}, \pkg{apacite} contains some support of
- other languages for the main document (see
- section~\ref{sec:compat-babel}), this field needs rethinking, which
- will be deferred to a future version.
-
- \item[\fieldname{firstkey}] \mbox{}\\
- The \fieldname{firstkey} field, if not empty, is used as
- ``author'' for the first citation to an item. Subsequent citations
- then use the \fieldname{key} field. This can be used if there is
- no author or editor field that can be used for citations, or in
- certain cases with corporate authors, where the citation in the
- text uses an abbreviation of the author's name for second and
- subsequent citations, where the abbreviation is introduced in the
- first citation. It can also be used to ``trick'' the system
- in difficult cases. See also \fieldname{key}.
-
- \item[\fieldname{howpublished}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- A description of how something was published. For example,
- ``Unpublished manuscript'' or ``Paper presented at the meeting
- of the American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children,
- San Diego, CA''. Also used for retrieval information about
- electronic documents, e.g., ``Retrieved October 13, 2001, from
- \url{http://jbr.org/articles.html}\bibnodot{.}''. See also
- the \fieldname{note} field.
-
- \item[\fieldname{institution}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- The institution, university, or company that published a
- (technical) report.
-
- \item[\fieldname{journal}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- The journal, magazine, newspaper, etc.{} in which an
- article, a review, or an abstract of a thesis was published.
-
- \item[\fieldname{key}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- See \fieldname{firstkey}. The \fieldname{key} field, if not
- empty, is used for second and subsequent citations, or all citations
- if \fieldname{firstkey} is missing. If \fieldname{author} is
- empty and \fieldname{editor} is empty or can not be used as
- author (e.g., in \entryname{incollection}), the \fieldname{key}
- field may be necessary to obtain a useful citation. This is
- so, because the APA manual requires an abbreviation of the
- title as in-text citation, and the abbreviation must be
- sensible. In the current version, \pkg{apacite} uses the
- whole title if \fieldname{firstkey} and \fieldname{key} are missing.
- Therefore, if the title is considered too long to use in citations,
- the user must provide an abbreviation in the \fieldname{key} field.
- Furthermore, the user must then also define the formatting:
- If the key is used for a difficult kind of author (e.g.,
- corporate author), it should be formatted as an author,
- i.e., in plain text, with names capitalized.
- If the key is used for an abbreviation of an article
- title, it should be in plain text, with major words capitalized
- (unlike in the reference list), and between double quotes
- (`` and ''; also unlike in the reference list).
- If the key is used for an abbreviation of a book title, it
- should be emphasized, with major words capitalized
- (unlike in the reference list), but not between quotes.
-
- In a field in the \fname{.bib} file that is also
- used for the citations, such as the \fieldname{key} field,
- formatting through, e.g.,
-\begin{verbatim}
- key = {{\itshape Text}},
- key = {{\em Text\/}},
-\end{verbatim}
- can be done (note the extra pair of braces!), but the
- seemingly more logical variations
-\begin{verbatim}
- key = {\textit{Text}},
- key = {{\textit{Text}}},
- key = {\emph{Text}},
- key = {{\emph{Text}}},
-\end{verbatim}
- do not work.
- However, it is generally preferable to use as less explicit
- formatting in the \fname{.bib} files as possible, because this
- decreases the possibilities of successfully using the
- same \fname{.bib} file with other styles. The following works
- excellent:
-\begin{verbatim}
- key = {{\APACcitebtitle{Text}}},
-\end{verbatim}
- where the \cmd{\APACcitebtitle} macro recognizes that the argument
- should be formatted as a booktitle (i.e., in italics according to the
- APA rules). This macro, and its companion \cmd{\APACciteatitle} for
- article title formatting, are used by \pkg{apacite} if the
- \fieldname{firstkey} and \fieldname{key} fields are missing,
- but can also be used by the user. Note that if you use such a
- \fname{.bib} file with another style, you have to provide
- definitions of these macros yourself.
-
- \emph{Warning:} the \fieldname{key} field, which acts
- as a kind of pseudo-author, should not be confused with the
- (citation) \opt{key} that is used to match citations with
- entries in a \fname{.bib} file.
-
- \item[\fieldname{month}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- The month something was published. Mainly used for
- magazine or newspaper articles, lectures, and electronic documents.
- Use the month macros \verb+jan+, \verb+feb+, etc. These are
- predefined strings in \fname{apacite.bst} and \fname{apacitex.bst},
- but can be overridden when desired, e.g., when using another
- language (see section~\ref{sec:compat-babel}).
-
- \item[\fieldname{note}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- A note. This puts additional information between parentheses
- at the end of a reference list entry. In the examples from
- the APA manual, it is used for NTIS No., ERIC No., and UMI No.,
- and for notes about how to obtain the work
- (``Available from \opt{organization}, \opt{full address}'').
- If however, the work has been obtained from the internet
- or from an ``aggregated database'', then the
- \fieldname{howpublished} field should be used, because it
- should not be between parentheses then.
-
- Finally, the \fieldname{note} field is used to give the
- recording date (i.e., year) of a song when this is different
- from the date (year) of copyright. The latter should be
- put in the \fieldname{year} field.
-
- Do not use the \fieldname{note} field to denote the original
- publication of a reprint or translation, because the
- \fieldname{originalyear} field must be used in those cases to
- obtain the correct citation in the text \cite<e.g.,>{ex39}.
-
- \item[\fieldname{number}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- The number of a journal issue or a report. This can be quite
- complex, for example, ``\verb+PRM~92-01+'', or
- ``\verb+3, Pt.~2+'', or ``\verb+1, Serial No.~231+''.
- These latter examples imply that the generality (language and
- style independence) of the \fname{.bib} file is somewhat lost.
- Furthermore, if the journal paginates by year and not by issue,
- the issue number should not be mentioned at all (except when
- referring to a whole special issue). Of course, \pkg{apacite}
- does not know whether the journal paginates by issue or by year.
- If the \fieldname{number} field is available, \pkg{apacite}
- simply assumes that it should be included. It is the user's
- responsibility to ensure that this is indeed the case.
-
- \item[\fieldname{organization}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- Used for the \entryname{unpublished} reference type to denote
- the organization in which the unpublished work was produced.
-
- \item[\fieldname{originaladdress}]
- \item[\fieldname{originalbooktitle}]
- \item[\fieldname{originaledition}]
- \item[\fieldname{originaleditor}]
- \item[\fieldname{originaljournal}]
- \item[\fieldname{originalnumber}]
- \item[\fieldname{originalpages}]
- \item[\fieldname{originalpublisher}]
- \item[\fieldname{originalvolume}]
- \item[\fieldname{originalyear}] \mbox{}\\
- These (\fieldname{original*-}) fields have the same
- meaning as their counterparts without the ``original'' prefix,
- except that they refer to the book or journal in which the
- work was originally published. This can be used in referring to
- translations or reprints of articles in journals or books. If the
- original work is a book or other ``standalone'' work,
- only the \fieldname{originalyear} field should be used. If the
- original work is a (PhD or Master's) thesis that is also abstracted
- in \emph{Dissertation Abstracts International},
- \emph{Masters Abstracts International}, or comparable, the
- \fieldname{originalyear} field should be used to denote the year
- of the dissertation and the \fieldname{year} field to
- denote the year of publication of the abstract, even if they
- are the same.
-
- \item[\fieldname{pages}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- The (inclusive) page numbers of the article that is referred to,
- in the journal or book in which it was published. If a range of
- pages is given (which is usually the case), an en-dash should
- be used: ``\verb+29--43+''. Other styles sometimes allow a
- single hyphen (``\verb+29-43+''), which is then automatically
- formatted as an en-dash (``29--43''), rather than as a hyphen
- (``29-43''), but I have encountered situations, esp.\ software
- manuals, in which the page number was of the form ``II-3'',
- meaning page~3 of chapter~2. In such a situation, you may
- get page numbers like ``II-1--II-15'', where the distinction
- between a hyphen and an en-dash becomes important. Therefore,
- \pkg{apacite} does not perform such automatic transformations.
-
- \item[\fieldname{publisher}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- The publisher of the item. Primarily used for books.
-
- \item[\fieldname{school}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- The school or university for which a PhD thesis or
- master's thesis was written.
-
- \item[\fieldname{series}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- Not used, although the APA manual has a rule for series.
- If you refer to a volume in a series, the series title,
- volume number, and volume title should be joined into
- a two-part title , e.g., \emph{Handbook of child psychology:
- Vol.~4. Socialization, personality, and social development},
- see ex.~36. In the current version of \pkg{apacite} this
- whole part must be put in the \fieldname{title} or
- \fieldname{booktitle} field (whichever is appropriate).
- Maybe in a next version I will use the \fieldname{series}
- field to allow disentangling such situations.
-
- \item[\fieldname{symposium}] \mbox{}\\
- The name of the symposium or meeting at which a
- lecture was given. This is typically used for the
- construction ``In \opt{chair} (Chair), \opt{symposium}'',
- see ex.~51. I have never used it myself, however,
- I always use the ``Paper presented \ldots'' form,
- which puts this information in the \fieldname{howpublished}
- field.
-
- \item[\fieldname{text}] \mbox{}\\
- Used for items of type \entryname{literal}. This field contains
- the complete literal text to be used in the bibliography.
-
- \item[\fieldname{title}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- The title of the work.
-
- \item[\fieldname{translator}] \mbox{}\\
- The translator of a book or article. This should
- be formatted in the same way as \fieldname{author} and
- \fieldname{editor}. If the \fieldname{translator} and
- \fieldname{editor} fields are identical, they are
- formatted as if there were only an editor, except that the
- editor receives the suffix ``(Ed. \& Trans.)'' instead of
- just ``(Ed.)'', or similarly if there is more than 1 editor.
-
- \item[\fieldname{type}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- The type of \entryname{phdthesis} (e.g.,
- ``Doctoral dissertation''), type of \entryname{article}
- (e.g., ``Letter to the editor''), type of \entryname{techreport}
- (e.g., ``DHHS Publication''), type of \entryname{book}
- (e.g., ``Brochure''), type of \entryname{misc}
- (e.g., ``Cassette recording''), and so forth.
-
- With a review (which is typically an \entryname{article}),
- the \fieldname{type} field contains a lot of information
- and formatting, e.g.:
-\begin{verbatim}
- type = {Review of the book {\APACcitebtitle{Life in the middle:
- Psychological and social development in middle age}}},
-\end{verbatim}
- where I used the \cmd{\APACcitebtitle} command introduced above in
- the discussion of the \fieldname{key} field.
-
- In one of the APA manual examples, I used the \fieldname{type}
- field to give a description of the subject of an unpublished
- raw data file (``Auditory response latencies in rat auditory
- cortex''), leaving the \fieldname{title} field blank.
-
- For most reference types, if the \fieldname{type} field
- is missing, it is simply ignored and no type description
- is given. For a \entryname{techreport}, however, if the
- \fieldname{type} field is missing, the default type
- (``Tech. Rep.'') is inserted. In ex.~42 of the APA manual,
- a report without a type description is given. To make it
- possible to format a report successfully without a
- type description, \pkg{apacite} recognizes
-\begin{verbatim}
- type = {\bibnotype},
-\end{verbatim}
- indicating that there should be no type description.
-
- Another special purpose use of the \fieldname{type}
- field is for a computer program, software, programming
- language and/or manual. These are put into a \entryname{misc}
- entry, but unlike other \entryname{misc} types (such as
- motion pictures) the titles of these types should not
- be italicized. This is now recognized by \pkg{apacite}
- in the following way: When referring to a computer program,
- software, programming language and/or manual, you should
- use the \entryname{misc} reference type with
- one of the following commands in the \fieldname{type} field:\\
- \cmd{\bibcomputerprogram},\\
- \cmd{\bibcomputerprogrammanual},\\
- \cmd{\bibcomputerprogramandmanual},\\
- \cmd{\bibcomputersoftware},\\
- \cmd{\bibcomputersoftwaremanual},\\
- \cmd{\bibcomputersoftwareandmanual}, or\\
- \cmd{\bibprogramminglanguage}.\\
- Using any of these commands as type designator of a
- \entryname{misc} entry ensures that the title is not italicized,
- as required. Note that the \entryname{manual} entry reduces to
- \entryname{misc}, so can be used sensibly, but only if the
- \fieldname{type} field is defined as above. Perhaps it would
- be logical to define a default type for this, but this is not
- implemented. Anyway, adding a \fieldname{type} field to a
- \entryname{manual} entry in a \fname{.bib} file will probably
- do not any harm with other bibstyles, so this is probably only
- a minor nuisance.
-
- Similarly, if you refer to a message that has been posted to
- a newsgroup, internet forum, etc., you should use the
- \entryname{misc} reference type with \cmd{\bibmessage} as
- \fieldname{type} field.
-
- \item[\fieldname{volume}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- The volume or volumes of the referenced book(s) or
- of the book in which the referenced article was published,
- or the volume of the journal (magazine, newspaper, \ldots)
- in which the referenced article was published.
-
- \item[\fieldname{year}\LC] \mbox{}\\
- The year in which the referenced item was published, or
- if it was not published, the year in which it was written
- or presented. For manuscripts or books that are accepted
- for publication but have not yet been published, ``in press''
- should be used according to the APA rules. The best way to do
- this is to use the ``\cmd{\BIP}'' command, which can be redefined
- by the user if the language or editorial style requires
- something else than ``in press''. Furthermore, \cmd{\BIP}
- is recognized by \pkg{apacite} and treated a little differently,
- because for multiple ``in press'' references with the same
- author(s), a hyphen (``-'') should be inserted between the
- ``year'' (i.e., ``in press'') and the ``a'', ``b'', etc., that
- follow it to distinguish the works, whereas this hyphen must
- be omitted if the ``year'' is an ordinary year (1991a, 1991b).
-
- If no date is explicitly given in (or on) the referenced work,
- a ``n.d.'' (no date) should be given as year description.
- For this, \pkg{apacite} supports the \cmd{\bibnodate}
- command. This sometimes leads to different formatting as well,
- e.g., by referencing a translation of a work of which there
- is no original date. Then the \fieldname{originalyear}
- field should be \cmd{\bibnodate} and the \fieldname{year} field
- is then, e.g., \verb+1931+. If the \fieldname{translator}
- field is not empty, the citation in the text is then formatted
- as, e.g., ``\citeA{3.100-2}''.
-\end{description}
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\section{Customization}
-\label{sec:custom}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-The description in the previous sections, with the exception of
-section~\ref{sec:usage}, almost exclusively discussed the default behavior of
-\pkg{apacite}. However, as mentioned in the introduction, in addition to the
-options, \pkg{apacite} offers many possibilities for customization. Most
-punctuation used in the citations and reference list are implemented through
-\LaTeX{} commands instead of explicit symbols. Consequently, the user can
-fine-tune the behavior of \pkg{apacite} by redefining these commands, through
-\cmd{\renewcommand} after \pkg{apacite} has been loaded. Analogously, most
-fixed texts, like ``Tech.\ Rep.{}'' and ``Eds.{}'' are implemented through
-\LaTeX{} commands as well, and can similarly be changed by the user. The
-commands used by \pkg{apacite} are discussed in this section. Of course, the
-defaults are based on the rules of the APA manual.
-
-Some commands, predominantly punctuation, are used both in citations and in
-the reference list. If you want their definitions in citations to be different
-from their definitions in the reference list, you can simply redefine their
-definitions before starting the bibliography.
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\subsection{Punctuation and formatting}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-The following punctuation commands are provided and used for
-the citations and reference list.
-\begin{description}
- \item[\cmd{\BAstyle}] This defines the text style of the authors
- (or whatever takes their place) for an in-text citation. It
- defaults to nothing: The authors use the same fonts as the
- text surrounding it. Introduced because some journals use
- a different style. For example, \emph{Statistica Neerlandica}
- uses small-caps, so for that journal, you would define
-\begin{verbatim}
-\renewcommand{\BAstyle}{\scshape}
-\end{verbatim}
- Do not use the \cmd{\textsc}-type commands, but \cmd{\scshape},
- \cmd{\bfseries}, etc. The \cmd{\BAstyle} command is used for
- the author-part by the citation commands
- \cmd{\cite}, \cmd{\shortcite}, \cmd{\fullcite},
- \cmd{\citeA}, \cmd{\shortciteA}, \cmd{\fullciteA},
- \cmd{\citeNP}, \cmd{\shortciteNP}, and \cmd{\fullciteNP}.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BAastyle}] This is the same as \cmd{\BAstyle}, except that
- \cmd{\BAastyle} is used for \cmd{\citeauthor}, \cmd{\shortciteauthor},
- and \cmd{\fullciteauthor}.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BBOP}] Open parenthesis, used for parentheses opening
- a citation, as in ``(Rao, 1973)'' or ``Rao (1973)'', and the
- year in the reference list, as in ``Rao, C. R. (1973).''
- Default is ``\verb+(+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BBCP}] The corresponding closing parenthesis.
- Default is ``\verb+)+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BAP}] This command is inserted after the prefix and before
- the first citation in a \cmd{\cite} command. It defaults to an
- ordinary space.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BBAA}] Last ``and'' between authors in a citation
- between parentheses and in the reference list, as in
- ``(Mooijaart \& Bentler, 1986)'' or ``Mooijaart, A., \&
- Bentler, P. M. (1986).''. Default is ``\verb+\&+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BBAB}] Last ``and'' between authors in a citation in text,
- as in ``Mooijaart and Bentler (1986)''. Default is ``\verb+and+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BBAY}] Punctuation between author(s) and year in a citation
- between parentheses, as in ``(Rao, 1973)''. Default is ``\verb+, +''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BBYY}] \label{cmd:BBYY}
- Punctuation between two subsequent years, if two works
- by the same author(s) are referenced in a single citation command,
- as in ``(Rao, 1965, 1973)'' or ``Rao (1965, 1973)''.
- Default is ``\verb+, +''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BBC}] Punctuation between multiple cites, as in
- ``(Rao, 1973; Mooijaart \& Bentler, 1986)''.
- Default is ``\verb+; +''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BBN}] Punctuation before a note (postfix) after
- a citation, as in ``(Rao, 1973, chap.~2)''.
- Default is ``\verb+, +''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BBOQ}] Opening quote for an article title in the
- reference list, as in
- ``\flqq Random polynomial factor analysis.\frqq'' Default is
- the empty string: no quotes used.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BBCQ}] Closing quote for an article title in the
- reference list. Default is the empty string.
- (The \pkg{theapa} package required the closing period to be part
- of the closing quote, but this has been
- changed, because the period must be left out if title comments,
- such as type, English translation of non-English title, or
- translator follow the title.)
-
- \item[\cmd{\BCBT}] Comma between authors in the reference section when
- the number of authors is two, as in
- ``Mooijaart, A., \& Bentler, P. M. (1986).'' The comma
- after the ``A.'' is this one. Default is ``\verb+,+''.
- The APA manual requires it, but other styles leave out this
- comma. In such a case, you would redefine this ``comma'' to
- be the empty string:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\renewcommand{\BCBT}{}
-\end{verbatim}
-
- \item[\cmd{\BCBL}] Comma before the last author (for 3 or more authors)
- in a citation and in the reference section, as in ``(Gill, Murray,
- \& Wright, 1981)'' or ``Gill, P. E., Murray, W., \& Wright, M. H.
- (1981).'' Default is ``\verb+,+''. The APA manual requires it,
- which is standard U.S. usage, but other styles, particularly
- European, such as British English, leave out this comma. Again,
- in such a case, you would redefine this ``comma'' to
- be the empty string.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BAnd}] This is the ``and'' that is used in the reference list
- if someone is both editor and translator:
- ``In J. Strachey (Ed. \& Trans),''. Default is ``\verb+\&+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\theBibCnt}] If there are multiple citations with the same
- author and year, a letter should be added to the year to distinguish
- the references. For example, one may refer to two or more articles
- by J. Smith published in 1982. They should be referred to as
- ``Smith (1982a)'', ``Smith (1982b)'', and so forth. To accomplish
- this, the counter \verb+BibCnt+ is defined in \fname{apacite.sty}.
- The \cmd{\theBibCnt} command defines how the value of \verb+BibCnt+
- is formatted. The default is ``\verb+\alph{BibCnt}+''. To
- emphasize (italicize) the ``a'', ``b'', etc., you can redefine
- this as
-\begin{verbatim}
-\renewcommand{\theBibCnt}{{\em\alph{BibCnt}\/}}
-\end{verbatim}
- (This presumably works better than ``\verb+\emph{\alph{BibCnt}}+''.)
- To control this behavior, redefining the \cmd{\theBibCnt} command
- should normally be sufficient. However, the complete formatting
- commands are \cmd{\BCnt}, \cmd{\BCntIP}, and \cmd{\BCntND}. The
- second of these is for ``in press'' works, which need an extra hyphen
- between ``in press'' and the ``a'' and ``b'' suffixes. The third is
- similar, for works without a date. Their default definitions
- in \fname{apacite.sty} are
-\begin{verbatim}
-\newcommand{\BCnt}[1]{\setcounter{BibCnt}{#1}\theBibCnt}
-\newcommand{\BCntIP}[1]{\setcounter{BibCnt}{#1}-\theBibCnt}
-\newcommand{\BCntND}[1]{\setcounter{BibCnt}{#1}-\theBibCnt}
-\end{verbatim}
-
- \item[\cmd{\APACciteatitle}] The formatting of the title of an
- article (or similar work)
- when used as a citation in the text when no author or editor
- is available for that purpose. Its default definition
- in \fname{apacite.sty} is
-\begin{verbatim}
-\newcommand{\APACciteatitle}[1]{``#1''}
-\end{verbatim}
- i.e., the title is put between double quotes.
-
- \item[\cmd{\APACcitebtitle}] The formatting of the title of a book
- (or other independent work)
- when used as a citation in the text when no author or editor
- is available for that purpose. Its default definition
- in \fname{apacite.sty} is
-\begin{verbatim}
-\newcommand{\APACcitebtitle}[1]{{\em #1\/}}
-\end{verbatim}
- i.e., the title is emphasized (in italics) but not put between
- double quotes.
-
- \item[\cmd{\APACmetastar}] The asterisk that precedes an item in the
- bibliography to denote that it is included in the meta-analysis.
- The default value is ``\verb+$\star$\ +''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\bibnewpage}] If the \pkgoption{bibnewpage} option
- is chosen, this command is included before the bibliography.
- Its default definition is \cmd{\clearpage}, but \fname{apa.cls}
- uses a similar construction with its \pkgoption{man} option
- through \cmd{\newpage}.
- See \citeA[p.~215]{LaTeXbook} for the differences between
- \cmd{\clearpage} and \cmd{\newpage}.
-
- \item[\cmd{\bibliographytypesize}] This command is used before
- the reference list, but after the section or chapter heading.
- It is intended for the font size of the reference list:
- For \citeA{WaMe00}, I defined it as \cmd{\small} (and even then
- the reference list took up 34 pages). The default value is
- \cmd{\normalsize}.
-
- \item[\cmd{\bibleftmargin}] This gives the indentation of the second
- and subsequent lines of a reference list entry, relative to the
- usual left margin. It is not a proper command, but a
- ``skip'' (rubber length), which means that it cannot be changed by
- \cmd{\renewcommand}, but by \cmd{\setlength}. Its default
- value is \verb+2.5em+.
-
- \item[\cmd{\bibindent}] This gives the indentation of the first
- line of a reference list entry, relative to the second line.
- It is also a ``skip''. Its default value is \verb+-\bibleftmargin+,
- which means that the first line starts at the original left margin,
- and the second and subsequent lines are indented by 2.5em.
-
- \item[\cmd{\bibitemsep}] This gives the vertical separation
- between two reference list entries. It is also a ``skip'', with
- default value ``\verb+\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax+'', i.e., 0pt,
- but it may be stretched a little to fill the page nicely.
- This is an old (Plain \TeX) style definition, I will probably
- change that in a next version. If you want to change it,
- e.g., to get a blank line between reference list entries,
- you can use
-\begin{verbatim}
-\setlength{\bibitemsep}{\baselineskip}
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{description}
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\subsection{Labels}
-\label{sec:labels}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-There are a lot of specific pieces of text that can be put into the reference
-list or a citation by \pkg{apacite}. Here, these pieces are called
-\emph{labels}. Almost all of these are to some extent language-specific, and
-sometimes style-specific even within the same language. Therefore, they are
-implemented through \LaTeX{} commands, so that users can easily change them.
-In this section, these commands and their purposes are described, and their
-(U.S.\ English) defaults are given. Section~\ref{sec:compat-babel} below will
-discuss how these commands are changed if another language is used.
-
-The following label commands are used:
-\begin{description}
- \item[\cmd{\bibmessage}] This is the first of 9 specific type
- commands that are recognized by \pkg{apacite}. If you
- define the \fieldname{type} field of a \entryname{misc}
- entry as ``\cmd{\bibmessage}'', the formatting of the
- entry is changed (e.g., the title is not italicized),
- see the discussion of the \fieldname{type} field in
- section~\ref{subsec:fields} above. This one is used for
- messages in newsgroups, internet forums, etc.
- Default is ``\verb+Msg+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\bibcomputerprogram}]
- Default is ``\verb+Computer program+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\bibcomputerprogrammanual}]
- Default is ``\verb+Computer program manual+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\bibcomputerprogramandmanual}]
- Default is ``\verb+Computer program and manual+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\bibcomputersoftware}]
- Default is ``\verb+Computer software+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\bibcomputersoftwaremanual}]
- Default is ``\verb+Computer software manual+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\bibcomputersoftwareandmanual}]
- Default is ``\verb+Computer software and manual+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\bibprogramminglanguage}]
- Default is ``\verb+Programming language+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\bibnotype}]
- This one is a bit different from the previous 8. It is used for
- \entryname{techreport} entries to indicate that the type specifier
- should be suppressed. Its default value is the empty string, but this
- will not have an effect on \pkg{apacite} behavior, because the type
- specifier is suppressed anyway by \pkg{apacite}. However, by defining it
- as the empty string, formatting may become better (i.e., closer to the
- desired formatting) with other styles.
-
- \item[\cmd{\bibnodate}] Used in the \fieldname{year} and
- \fieldname{originalyear} fields to indicate that no
- publication date has been given. Default value is ``\verb+n.d.{}+''.
- The extra pair of braces ensures that \TeX\ does not treat
- the period before them as a sentence-ending period, after which
- more space is inserted. This also applies to several other
- labels discussed below.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BOthers}] Used for ``others'' if the number of authors
- or editors is too large, as in ``(Gill et al., 1981)''.
- The default is ``\verb+et al.{}+''.
-
- However, the definition contains a slight adaptation, because
- in a previous version of \pkg{apacite}, there was a problem
- implying that in some cases \BibTeX{} might put an extra period after
- \cmd{\BOthers}, not recognizing that it already contains a period,
- so that you would get ``et al.{}.'', which is undesirable.
- It depends on the definition of \cmd{\BOthers} whether there should
- be a period or not: If it is defined as ``\verb+et al.{}+'',
- there should not be an additional period, but if it is defined
- as, say, ``\verb+and others+'', then there should be an additional
- period. But \BibTeX{} does not know what the (later) definition
- of this command will be in \LaTeX{}. Therefore, the \cmd{\BOthers}
- command is defined to have one argument. In \BibTeX{},
- \pkg{apacite} inserts \verb+\BOthers{.}+ in the output, so no
- additional period is inserted by \BibTeX{}. By default, this
- command is defined as ``\verb+et al.{}+'', and the argument is
- simply ignored.
-
- If you redefine the \cmd{\BOthers} command and need the additional
- period, you can redefine it appropriately. However, in the current
- version, the \cmd{\BOthers} command is distinguished from the
- \cmd{\BOthersPeriod} command and I think the mentioned problems
- do not occur anymore. Nevertheless, I have kept the definition of the
- previous version. I may decide, after thorough testing, to change
- this again in a next version.
-
- There is still a complication, however. If you use a \cmd{\citeauthor}
- at the end of a sentence, there may be a period too many, if
- you end the sentence explicitly with it and \cmd{\BOthers} is
- ``et al.{}''. On the other hand, if you omit the sentence-finishing
- period but decide to redefine \cmd{\BOthers} to ``and others'',
- the period is missing. Therefore, it seems wise not to end a sentence
- with a \cmd{\citeauthor}, or you could define a command, e.g.,
- \cmd{\finishsentence}, and insert it in an appropriate place.
- Then, this command should be changed along with \cmd{\BOthers}.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BOthersPeriod}] Also used for ``others'' if the number of
- authors or editors is too large, as in ``Gill, P. E., et al. (1981)''.
- But this one is used for situations when it should always end with
- a period. The default is ``\verb+et al.{}+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BIP}] ``In press'', the string to be used as year for
- in-press references. In the \fname{.bib} file, the \fieldname{year}
- field should be ``\verb+\BIP+'', so that \pkg{apacite} can recognize
- this and use appropriate formatting and sorting.
- The default value is ``\verb+in press+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BIn}] Used for \entryname{incollection} and
- \entryname{intechreport}, for ``In \opt{editor} (Ed.{}),
- \opt{booktitle}'', and similar phrases. Default value is ``\verb+In+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BCHAP}] Used for \entryname{incollection} if the
- \fieldname{pages} field is empty, to denote the chapter number
- of the referenced work in the collection. Used primarily for
- internet documents, where there are no page numbers.
- Default value is ``\verb+chap.{}+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BCHAPS}] Just like \cmd{\BCHAP}, but this one is used
- if the \fieldname{chapter} field refers to more than 1 chapter.
- Default value is ``\verb+chap.{}+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BED}] Editor in reference list, as in
- ``In P. R. Krishnaiah (Ed.{})''. Default is ``\verb+Ed.{}+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BEDS}] Editors (more than one editor) in reference list,
- as in ``In C. R. Rao \& J. K. Ghosh (Eds.{})''.
- Default is ``\verb+Eds.{}+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BTRANS}] Translator, as in ``(J. Strachey, Trans.{})''.
- Default is ``\verb+Trans.{}+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BTRANSS}] Translators. Default is ``\verb+Trans.{}+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BTRANSL}] Translation. Used in a text citation when
- referring to a translated work for which there is no date
- for the original work. This is then formatted as
- ``Aristotle (trans.{} 1931)''. Default is ``\verb+trans.{}+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BCHAIR}] Chair of a symposium, etc.
- Default is ``\verb+Chair+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BCHAIRS}] Chairs. Default is ``\verb+Chairs+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BVOL}] Volume, as in ``Vol.\ 1''.
- Default is ``\verb+Vol.{}+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BVOLS}] Volumes, as in ``Vols.{} 1--4''.
- Default is ``\verb+Vols.{}+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BNUM}] Number, as in ``Tech.\ Rep.{} No.{} 12''.
- Default is ``\verb+No.{}+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BNUMS}] Numbers, as in ``Nos.{} 3--5''.
- Default is ``\verb+Nos.{}+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BEd}] Edition, as in ``2nd ed.{}''.
- Default is ``\verb+ed.{}+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BPG}] Page, default is ``\verb+p.{}+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BPGS}] Pages, default is ``\verb+pp.{}+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BTR}] The (default) technical report type name, which can be
- overridden by the \fieldname{type} field. Default is
- ``\verb+Tech.\ Rep.{}+''
-
- \item[\cmd{\BPhD}] The (default) PhD thesis type name, which can be
- overridden by the \fieldname{type} field. Default is
- ``\texttt{Doctoral dissertation}''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BUPhD}] The (default) Unpublished PhD thesis type name,
- which can be overridden by the \fieldname{type} field. Default is
- ``\texttt{Unpublished doctoral dissertation}''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BMTh}] The (default) master's thesis type name, which can be
- overridden by the \fieldname{type} field. Default is
- ``\texttt{Master's thesis}''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BUMTh}] The (default) unpublished master's thesis type name,
- which can be overridden by the \fieldname{type} field. Default is
- ``\texttt{Unpublished master's thesis}''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BOWP}] ``Original work published'', default is
- ``\texttt{Original work published}''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\BREPR}] ``Reprinted from'', default is
- ``\texttt{Reprinted from}''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\refname}] Name of the reference list if it's a section.
- (So it's the section name.) Default is ``\verb+References+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\bibname}] Name of the reference list if it's a chapter.
- Default is ``\verb+References+''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\bibliographyprenote}] This command is used before
- the reference list, but after the section or chapter heading,
- and immediately after \cmd{\bibliographytypesize}.
- It is intended for an optional note just before the references
- in the reference list. It defaults to nothing, but can be changed
- to a list of commands (e.g., if some commands should be different
- in the reference list than in the text) and/or some text.
-
- \item[\cmd{\APACmetaprenote}] If a meta-analysis is reported, the
- works included in the meta-analysis should in the bibliography be
- preceded by an asterisk, see the description of \cmd{\APACmetastar}
- above. This should then be explained in a note before the references.
- This command contains the text of that note. Default is
- ``\texttt{References marked with an asterisk indicate studies
- included in the meta-analysis.}''.
-
- \item[\cmd{\authorindexname}] Name (heading) of the author index.
- Default is ``\verb+Author Index+''.
-\end{description}
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\section{Language support}
-\label{sec:compat-babel}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-The APA is, of course, American, and therefore the rules in the APA manual
-are also based on the (U.S.) English language. Because \pkg{apacite} was
-primarily designed to implement the APA rules, and because I write all
-my scientific work in English, \pkg{apacite} never contained explicit
-support for other languages. However, most language-specific elements
-have been implemented in the form of \LaTeX{} commands, so that users
-could define their own \LaTeX{} package in which these elements were
-changed. The labels discussed in section~\ref{sec:labels} above are the
-most important part of this.
-
-Furthermore, when writing in a non-English language, the \pkg{babel} package
-will usually be loaded. The \pkg{babel} package is an extensive package that
-facilitates using \LaTeX{} for documents in languages other than English.
-There have been some compatibility problems between \pkg{babel} and
-\pkg{apacite}, and therefore since 2003 \pkg{apacite} contained some
-explicit code to overcome the compatibility problems. I think this works
-well, provided that \pkg{apacite} is loaded \emph{after} \pkg{babel}.
-
-Thus, although \pkg{apacite} did not support non-English languages
-explicitly, it did facilitate them. Supporting non-English languages is
-not a main objective of \pkg{apacite}, because it is not needed for
-the APA. Nevertheless, it would be a useful addition. Many journals in
-non-English languages and universities in countries where other languages
-are spoken base their rules on the APA manual. Therefore, it would be
-efficient if, with a few adaptations, \pkg{apacite} could also be used in
-these circumstances. For this reason, and based on user requests, the
-current version of \pkg{apacite} contains a first attempt at explicit
-language support.
-
-The \pkg{apacite} distribution now contains a subdirectory \fname{lang},
-which contains files that have names according to the construction
-\opt{language}\fname{.apc}, i.e., \fname{english.apc}, \fname{dutch.apc}, etc.
-These files contain the language-specific modifications of \pkg{apacite},
-mainly translations of terms like ``and'', ``Ed.{}'', etc., and have been
-written by \pkg{apacite} users that are (native) speakers of the languages
-involved. If the \pkg{babel}, \pkg{german}, or \pkg{ngerman} package is
-loaded, \pkg{apacite} is able to determine the language of the document that
-is processed. Then the corresponding \fname{.apc} file, when available, is
-read. In this way, language-specific elements are changed to the relevant
-language. This is done fully automatically, the user does not have to do
-anything explicitly. However, sometimes an \fname{.apc} file makes some
-assumptions (such as \fname{greek.apc}, which assumes ISO-8859-7 encoding)
-or makes some choices that are nontrivial. Therefore, look at the source
-code of the \fname{.apc} file if you obtain unexpected results. These files
-contain some brief documentation of the specific issues relevant for the
-language at hand.
-
-The list with available \fname{.apc} files can be found in the file
-\fname{manifest.txt}. One file is defined for each ``language'', which can be
-used for several ``dialects'' (in \pkg{babel} terminology). For example,
-\fname{english.apc} is also used if the language is ``american''. See the
-documentation of the \pkg{babel} and \pkg{(n)german} packages for a list of
-dialects of the language files supplied. If an \fname{.apc} file is not
-available for the language you need, you can use one of the supplied ones as a
-template and write your own. If you send it to me, I can include it in a next
-version of \pkg{apacite}.
-
-Note, however, that this form of language support is still very limited.
-There are many aspects that are not yet covered, like different forms of
-dates (month-day vs.\ day-month). I have recently discovered the
-\pkg{babelbib} package, which offers very sophisticated support of
-different languages. I will study this and see whether I can use some
-of its features in a future version of \pkg{apacite}.
-
-One of the issues that is not yet settled is how to treat the months.
-I could define these as commands like \cmd{\January} or according
-to a construction like \verb+\bibmonth{1}+. The months are now still
-hard-coded in English as macros in \fname{apacite.bst}.
-This means that, when using a different language, they can (and must)
-be redefined in the \fname{.bib} file, by including lines like:
-\begin{verbatim}
- @string{jan = "{\APACSortNoop{01}}January"}
-\end{verbatim}
-etc., where you replace ``\verb+January+'' by the translation of January
-in the desired language. The ``\verb+{\APACSortNoop{01}}+'' ensures that
-\BibTeX{} sorts January before, say, April, when that is needed.
-
-It is likely that you would use these month definitions a lot, in which case
-an even better solution would be to write a special \fname{.bib} file, say
-\opt{language}\fname{.bib}, which only contains these month redefinitions.
-Then you could put this file somewhere where \BibTeX{} can find it and include
-this before your (other) \fname{.bib} file(s) that contain the actual
-references:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\bibliographystyle{apacite}
-\bibliography{language,otherbibfiles}
-\end{verbatim}
-See \citeA[p.~159]{LaTeXbook} or \citeA[p.~403]{LaTeXcomp} for a discussion
-of these issues.
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\section{Compatibility}
-\label{sec:compat}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-Generally speaking, I would want \pkg{apacite} to be compatible with other
-packages, of course. However, what does compatibility mean? It can mean
-various things:
-\begin{enumerate}
-\item \label{compat1}%
- The same \fname{.bib} file can be used with
- different \BibTeX{} styles and \LaTeX{} citation packages;
-\item \label{compat2}%
- The same citation commands as other citation packages;
-\item \label{compat3}%
- Another \LaTeX{} citation package can be used with a
- \fname{.bbl} file that is generated by the \pkg{apacite}
- \BibTeX{} style;
-\item \label{compat4}%
- The \pkg{apacite} \LaTeX{} citation package can be used with a
- \fname{.bbl} file that is generated by another \BibTeX{} style;
-\item \label{compat5}%
- The \pkg{apacite} \LaTeX{} citation package can be loaded at the
- same time as other packages without errors or undesirable
- side-effects.
-\end{enumerate}
-Because of the complicated rules of the APA manual, it is not always possible
-to achieve all kinds of compatibility with all other packages. Later in this
-section, I will discuss compatibility issues with other packages with which
-known incompatibility problems exist or have existed. A first example of this,
-the \pkg{babel} package, has already been mentioned above in
-section~\ref{sec:compat-babel}.
-
-Point~\ref{compat1} is the most important. If you have to write a completely
-different \fname{.bib} file for different citation styles, there does not seem
-to be an advantage in using \BibTeX{}. You might as well write the reference
-list explicitly in \LaTeX{} then. However, not even this point can be achieved
-completely, although the vast majority of the items will be the same for
-different styles. But there remain a number of choices that are style-specific
-and that lead to differences in the \fname{.bib} file. Examples from the APA
-manual are:
-\begin{itemize}
-\item If a referenced book is volume~III according to its title
- page, this should be referenced as Vol.~3 according to the
- APA manual rules, but that may not be the case with other
- styles;
-\item Journal names are abbreviated by some styles, but not
- according to the APA manual rules;
-\item Publisher names should be abbreviated according to the
- APA manual, e.g., ``John Wiley \& Sons'' becomes ``Wiley''.
- Other styles do not do this;
-\item The issue number of a journal should only be given if
- the journal starts each issue with page~1, not if page
- numbers of different issues in the same volume are consecutive.
- Other styles may require the issue number in all cases;
-\item Page ranges are given as ``341--351'' in APA style, whereas
- other styles use ``341--51'';
-\item The APA rules require a capital after a colon (`\verb+:+'),
- so that subtitles start with a capital as well. Other styles
- may not do this;
-\item The APA has specific rules about the address: For a U.S. city,
- the state (or territory) should be given as a 2-letter code
- from the U.S. Postal Services, and the province and country
- should be given if it is a non-U.S. city, unless it is one of
- the 17 (U.S. and non-U.S.) cities that are ``well-known for
- publishing''. Then, only the city should be mentioned. There
- are similar exceptions if the name of the state (and sometimes
- even city) is already mentioned in the university name and
- the university acts as publisher;
-\item Yearbooks like \emph{Annual Review of Psychology} should be treated
- as journals according to the APA rules, whereas other styles
- treat these as books;
-\item The additional fields (such as \fieldname{translator} and the
- \fieldname{original*}-fields) that are used by \pkg{apacite} but are
- not defined in other \BibTeX{} styles are of course
- \pkg{apacite}-specific.
-\end{itemize}
-Some of these problems can be handled relatively elegantly. For example,
-the user could use a command like ``\verb+\RomanVol{3}+'' in the
-\fieldname{volume} field. Then, the user could define a counter,
-\verb+RomanVolcounter+, say, in \LaTeX{} and then define
-\cmd{\RomanVol} (similar to \cmd{\BCnt} discussed earlier) as
-\begin{verbatim}
-\newcommand{\RomanVol}[1]{%
- \setcounter{RomanVolcounter}{#1}\theRomanVolcounter}
-\end{verbatim}
-where \cmd{\theRomanVolcounter} is defined as \verb+\arabic{RomanVolcounter}+
-if \pkg{apacite} is loaded and as \verb+\Roman{RomanVolcounter}+ if another
-package is loaded that desires this. The example with style-specific
-\fname{.bib} files that contain the definitions of journal-strings was already
-given in section~\ref{sec:bib} above. However, many users will not go through
-all this trouble, and not all problems can be solved in this way. So we have
-to realize that not all entries in the \fname{.bib} file will be suitable for
-all citation styles. On the other hand, most citation styles and journals are
-not as critical as APA journals and many styles in psychology and other social
-sciences (including economics) are very similar, so a \fname{.bib} file that
-is tailor-made for \pkg{apacite} is likely to be suitable enough for the
-styles of most relevant alternative journals.
-
-Point~\ref{compat2} above is currently not fulfilled. The \pkg{apacite}
-citation commands are directly based on those of its immediate predecessor,
-\pkg{theapa}. But the use of `\verb+<+' and `\verb+>+' for prefixes is not
-used by other packages. The influential \pkg{natbib} package uses \cmd{\citep}
-and \cmd{\citet} instead of \cmd{\cite} and \cmd{\citeA}, and uses many more
-alternative commands, see section~\ref{sec:compat-natbib} below. The
-\pkg{chicago} package uses \cmd{\citeA} instead of \cmd{\citeauthor}, many
-``numerical'' citation styles only recognize \cmd{\cite}, and so forth. As
-discussed below, I now consider \pkg{natbib} as the standard with which other
-packages should comply. Therefore, future versions of \pkg{apacite} will
-support the \pkg{natbib} citation commands, but the current version does not
-do that.
-
-I think that points~\ref{compat3} and~\ref{compat4} are not that important. It
-seems to me that there is not much wrong with defining a style through a
-combination of a \fname{.sty} and \fname{.bst} file, each requiring the other
-to work. However, given the possibilities and philosophy of the \pkg{natbib}
-package, it would be desirable that \fname{natbib.sty} can be used with
-\fname{apacite.bst}. As discussed below, this works to some extent, although
-it requires \fname{apacite.sty} to be loaded as well, before
-\fname{natbib.sty}.
-
-Point~\ref{compat5} is very important, especially with other packages that are
-complementary to \pkg{apacite} in some sense. It would be very annoying having
-to choose between using \pkg{babel} and \pkg{apacite}, or between
-\pkg{hyperref} and \pkg{apacite}, etc. These packages serve totally different
-purposes, cannot usefully be compared, and are more valuable when they can be
-used jointly. The rest of this section addresses this issue for a number of
-packages with which compatibility problems are known to exist or have existed.
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\subsection{Compatibility of \pkg{apacite} and \pkg{natbib}}
-\label{sec:compat-natbib}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-The \pkg{natbib} package is a general purpose citation package that is
-intended to work with a broad range of \BibTeX{} (and non-\BibTeX{}) styles
-that generate the bibliography. The \pkg{natbib} package is quite advanced and
-can be used to switch easily between completely different citation styles.
-Furthermore, the apparent popularity of \pkg{natbib} has inspired writers of
-packages that would otherwise be incompatible with \pkg{natbib} to write code
-to resolve these incompatibilities. I will mention some of these packages
-below.
-
-I consider \pkg{natbib} as the \emph{de facto} standard with which
-other packages should be compatible. Unfortunately, \pkg{apacite} is still
-not entirely compatible with \pkg{natbib}. The main incompatibility is that
-different citation commands are used, so that it is not possible to use the
-same document with \pkg{natbib} or \pkg{apacite}.
-
-\pkg{apacite}, building on its predecessors, uses \cmd{\cite} for
-parenthetical citations and \cmd{\citeA} for in-text citations, whereas
-\pkg{natbib} uses \cmd{\citep} and \cmd{\citet} for these purposes. Moreover,
-text that should precede the citation is entered between \verb+<+ and \verb+>+
-marks and text that should follow the citation is entered between square
-brackets (\verb+[+ and \verb+]+, i.e., a standard \LaTeX{} optional argument)
-in \pkg{apacite}, whereas \pkg{natbib} uses \emph{two} optional arguments
-between brackets. If there is one optional argument, \pkg{natbib} interprets
-this as text following the citation (just like \pkg{apacite}). If there is
-text that should precede the citation, but not text that should follow the
-citation, two optional arguments must be used in \pkg{natbib}, the second
-being empty.
-
-Furthermore, both packages have defined some alternative citation commands,
-such as \cmd{\citeNP} (\pkg{apacite}) and \cmd{\citealp} (\pkg{natbib}), some
-of which serve the same purpose and could therefore be mapped onto each other
-easily, but some others have no equivalent in the other package.
-
-A partial conversion table, listing the main \pkg{apacite} commands and their
-(closest) \pkg{natbib} equivalent is given in Table~\ref{tab:APAnatConv}. The
-APA requirement and \pkg{apacite} behavior of listing the full author list for
-the first citation (if there are at most 5 authors) and the short author list
-in subsequent citations is accomplished by loading \pkg{natbib} with the
-\pkgoption{longnamesfirst} option. This is assumed in the table. An example of
-better APA-like behavior of \pkg{natbib} is that, by using the
-\pkgoption{sort} option, \pkg{natbib} is able to sort the references within
-the same citation command, as required by the APA manual, whereas
-\pkg{apacite} does not have this option yet.
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\begin{table}[htp]
-\caption{Partial conversion table of the main \pkg{apacite}
- citation commands and their (closest) \pkg{natbib} equivalents.}
-\label{tab:APAnatConv}
-\begin{tabular}{lcl}
-\hline
-\pkg{apacite} & $\mbox{}\qquad\qquad\mbox{}$ & \pkg{natbib} \\
-\cline{1-1}\cline{3-3}
-\cmd{\cite} & & \cmd{\citep} \\
-\cmd{\citeA} & & \cmd{\citet} \\
-\cmd{\citeNP} & & \cmd{\citealp} \\
-\cmd{\citeauthor} & & \cmd{\citeauthor} \\
-\\
-\cmd{\fullcite} & & \cmd{\citep*} \\
-\cmd{\fullciteA} & & \cmd{\citet*} \\
-\cmd{\fullciteNP} & & \cmd{\citealp*} \\
-\cmd{\fullciteauthor} & & \cmd{\citeauthor*} \\
-\\
-\cmd{\shortcite} & & \cmdtwo{shortcites}{keys}\cmd{\citep} \\
-\cmd{\shortciteA} & & \cmdtwo{shortcites}{keys}\cmd{\citet} \\
-\cmd{\shortciteNP} & & \cmdtwo{shortcites}{keys}\cmd{\citealp} \\
-\cmd{\shortciteauthor} & & \cmdtwo{shortcites}{keys}\cmd{\citeauthor} \\
-\\
-\cmd{\citeyear} & & \cmd{\citeyearpar} \\
-\cmd{\citeyearNP} & & \cmd{\citeyear} \\
-\cmd{\nocite} & & \cmd{\nocite} \\
-\hline
-\end{tabular}
-\end{table}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-Many labeling and punctuation commands are also different but similar between
-\pkg{natbib} and \pkg{apacite}. I haven't studied the \pkg{natbib} commands
-in detail, but will do so in the future. It is my intention to add
-\pkg{natbib}-compatible commands to apacite in the future, so that the same
-document can be processed either with \pkg{natbib} or with \pkg{apacite}.
-
-With previous versions of \pkg{apacite}, there used to be some erratic
-behavior (error messages and wrong formatting) when the \pkg{natbib}
-\LaTeX{} package (\fname{natbib.sty}) was used with the \pkg{apacite}
-\BibTeX{} style (\fname{apacite.bst} or \fname{apacitex.bst}). These
-problems have now been almost entirely resolved (I believe).
-
-When you want to use \pkg{natbib} for citation and \pkg{apacite} for the
-reference list, you still need to load the \LaTeX{} package \fname{apacite.sty}
-(with \cmd{\usepackage}), because of the commands that are included in the
-\BibTeX{} output (as defined in section~\ref{sec:custom} above). The
-\fname{apacite.sty} file must be loaded \emph{before} \fname{natbib.sty},
-otherwise you will get lots of error messages. I may try to fix that for
-a future version of \pkg{apacite}.
-
-Using \pkg{natbib} for the citations has some advantages over using
-\pkg{apacite} for the citations. Apart from the abovementioned sorting
-of citations within a single citation command, these are mainly
-\pkg{natbib}'s better compatibility with other important packages,
-such as \pkg{hyperref}.
-
-However, \pkg{natbib} does not fully comply with the APA rules.
-Known incompatibilities between \pkg{natbib} and the APA rules are: (1)
-Multiple adjacent citations with the same author and year are formatted
-as ``Johnson, 1991a,b'' by \pkg{natbib}, whereas the APA manual requires
-this to be ``Johnson, 1991a, 1991b''; (2) The APA manual requires ``and''
-between authors to be ``and'' in text and ``\&'' in parenthetical citation.
-
-I could change the \fname{apacite.bst} and \fname{apacitex.bst} \BibTeX{}
-style files so that \pkg{natbib} would be ``fooled'' and the first
-problem would be resolved. However, this has the drawback of imposing APA
-style citations when you request \pkg{natbib} style citations, and you
-may actually want the behavior mentioned above. I am only able to provide
-one of these possibilities. It would be better to add an option to
-\pkg{natbib} with which the desired behavior can be chosen. Thus, you
-could try to put pressure on the author of \pkg{natbib} to achieve this.
-Alternatively, I might attempt to provide an option to \pkg{apacite}
-in the future that controls this behavior of \pkg{natbib}.
-
-The second incompatibility between \pkg{natbib} and the APA rules mentioned
-above occurs because \pkg{apacite} uses the re-definable \cmd{\BBA}
-command for this usage of ``and''. With \pkg{natbib}, it is not possible
-that \cmd{\BBA} ``knows'' whether it is parenthetical or in-text, so you can
-choose only one of these, or you must redefine \cmd{\BBA} explicitly before
-each citation.
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\subsection{Compatibility of \pkg{apacite} and \pkg{hyperref}}
-\label{sec:compat-hyper}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-The \pkg{hyperref} package turns (cross-) references into hypertext links.
-This can be used in conjunction with a program such as \latextohtml{} to
-compose \fname{.html} files with clickable links, to internet pages or within
-the same document, or it can be used to create a \fname{.pdf} document with
-clickable crossreferences. Evidently, citations are also references.
-Therefore, the \pkg{hyperref} package transforms these into hypertext links as
-well, and needs to redefine the citation commands and reference list commands
-in order to do so. These redefinitions are incompatible with redefinitions of
-the citation commands by \pkg{apacite}.
-
-Similar problems occur between \pkg{hyperref} and \pkg{natbib}, and some code
-is included in both packages, which jointly resolves these incompatibilities.
-In order to make \pkg{apacite} compatible with \pkg{hyperref}, similar code
-should be developed and included in \pkg{apacite}.
-
-An attempt to achieve this can be tried through the \pkgoption{hyper} option
-of \pkg{apacite}. This activates some code provided by Ross Moore (thanks,
-Ross) that makes \pkg{apacite} and \pkg{hyperref} work together to some
-extent. However, different things go wrong depending on the order in which the
-two packages are loaded.
-
-If the \pkg{hyperref} package is loaded \emph{after} \pkg{apacite}, different
-citations with the same author(s) and year do not work well: \pkg{hyperref}
-suppresses the ``a'', ``b'', etc., so ``(Johnson, 1991a)'' becomes ``(Johnson,
-1991)'', which is undesirable. If the \pkg{hyperref} package is loaded
-\emph{before} \pkg{apacite}, this problem does not occur, but the citations in
-the text do not link to the reference list anymore.
-
-The following problems are independent of the order of loading:
-(1) Citations of the form ``(Author, year1, year2)'', i.e., with multiple
- references to the same author(s) in the same citation command are not
- recognized as such and are thus formatted as ``(Author, year1; Author,
- year2)'';
-(2) If the \cmd{\url} command from the \pkg{url} package is used for internet
- addresses (e.g., for retrieval information in the reference list), line
- breaks are not inserted within the address, even if it's way too long for
- the line, and ``\verb+#+'' characters in the internet address are not
- processed well, see the discussion of the \pkg{backref} package below.
-
-Because of these known problems, the \pkgoption{hyper} option is not executed
-by default (the \pkgoption{nohyper} option is), but if you find the advantages
-more important than the disadvantages, you can request this option. Note that
-you should load the \pkg{hyperref} package yourself, this is not done by
-\pkg{apacite}. Thus, you can choose the order in which to load the packages.
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\subsection{Compatibility of \pkg{apacite} and \pkg{backref}}
-\label{sec:compat-backref}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-The \pkg{backref} package adds to each entry in the bibliography a list
-of pages (or sections) on which it is referenced. Hence, it serves as
-an alternative to an author index, in which not the entries themselves
-are backreferenced, but the authors of these entries, see
-section~\ref{sec:autindex}. Note that \pkg{natbib} offers yet another
-possibility, viz.\ the citations in the standard index, or a separate
-citation index, see the \pkg{natbib} documentation. In my opinion,
-the \pkg{backref} way of indexing the page numbers of the citations
-is more logical. Moreover, it is more condensed as well.
-
-Obviously, the \pkg{backref} package has to change the citation commands
-and reference list to be able to do its backreferencing.
-Because \pkg{apacite} redefines these as well, they are conflicting
-to some degree. A similar compatibility problem between \pkg{backref}
-and \pkg{natbib} was noticed by the author of \pkg{backref}. Therefore,
-\pkg{backref} contains some code to make it compatible with \pkg{natbib}.
-This code has been adapted for \pkg{apacite} and incorporated in
-\pkg{apacite}. Thus, \pkg{backref} as a standalone package has been made
-compatible with \pkg{apacite}. The drawback of this solution is that if
-changes are made in the \pkg{backref} package, this may result in new
-incompatibilities with \pkg{apacite} unless \pkg{apacite} is changed as
-well. Whether, and if so, when, this will occur will be a question for
-the future.
-
-Ex.~74 of the APA manual references an internet address that contains a
-``\verb+#+''. This leads to an error with \pkg{backref} and when entered
-through, \LaTeX{} inserts ``\verb+##+'' in the output instead of ``\verb+#+''.
-This will not occur often in practice, but unfortunately occurs in the
-mentioned example, which might give the impression that it is an \pkg{apacite}
-bug, but it is not an \pkg{apacite} problem or even a compatibility problem,
-but a \pkg{backref} problem. I had to use some nasty code in the current
-document (\fname{apacite.tex}) to have the bibliography entry of this
-reference formatted correctly when \pkg{backref} is loaded. When you
-encounter this problem, you can use this code.
-
-Apart from being a standalone package, \pkg{backref} can also be
-combined with \pkg{hyperref}. It is then not loaded separately,
-but through the \pkgoption{backref} or \pkgoption{pagebackref}
-option of the \pkg{hyperref} package. In this case, the backreferences
-become hypertext links. See the discussion of the \pkg{hyperref}
-package above.
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\subsection{Multiple bibliographies}
-\label{sec:compat-chapterbib}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-The \pkg{chapterbib} package allows separate bibliographies for separate
-chapters of a book, or, technically, separate \cmd{\include}d files. To work
-properly, it needs some small changes to the citation package, which are
-clearly described in the \pkg{chapterbib} documentation. These changes have
-been incorporated in \pkg{apacite}, and therefore \pkg{apacite} is compatible
-with \pkg{chapterbib}.
-
-It is generally advisable not to use the \pkgoption{sectionbib} option of
-\pkg{chapterbib}, because this redefines \cmd{\thebibliography}, which
-interferes with the redefinition by \pkg{apacite}. You can use the
-\pkgoption{sectionbib} option of \pkg{apacite} to accomplish that the
-bibliography or bibliographies are sections, rather than chapters.
-
-Moreover, \pkg{apacite} is configured such that it takes a section as default
-if it is in the main matter (signified by \cmd{\mainmatter}) of the document.
-In the back matter (\cmd{\backmatter}) the bibliography is put in a chapter.
-This is also the case if \cmd{\chapter} is defined but \cmd{\mainmatter} not.
-(Is this possible? Perhaps for reports?) Consequently, the
-\pkgoption{sectionbib} option is only useful in specific circumstances. The
-\pkgoption{nosectionbib} forces the bibliography to be a chapter, provided
-\cmd{\chapter} is defined. (I figured a \pkgoption{chapterbib} option would be
-a bit confusing, so I stuck with \pkgoption{nosectionbib}.)
-
-The \pkg{bibunits} package is an alternative to \pkg{chapterbib}. It allows a
-greater flexibility in choosing the scope of a bibliography (chapter, section,
-or arbitrarily defined part of the document). I haven't tested it thoroughly,
-but it seems like there are no compatibility problems between \pkg{apacite}
-and \pkg{bibunits}.
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\subsection{Programs for conversion to html, rtf, etc.}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-There are several programs that convert \LaTeX{} files to other types
-of files, most notably html and rtf. This may, for example, be useful if you
-want to publish your document on the internet or if you are requested to send
-a ``Word'' file to a journal. I have received reports that \latextohtml{}
-and \LaTeXrtf{} do not handle documents that use \pkg{apacite} well.
-Therefore, I have studied these programs.
-
-\latextohtml{} is a \Perl{} program that converts a \LaTeX{} input
-file into one or more \fname{.html} files, so that a document that is prepared
-with \LaTeX{} can be used as a (user-friendly) internet document. For papers,
-lecture notes, and transparencies of classes, I always convert the
-\fname{.dvi} file output by \LaTeX{} to a \fname{.pdf} file (through the
-\pkg{dvipdfm} program), which can be read by most people, e.g., using the
-\pkg{Adobe Reader} program or browser plug-in. I find \fname{.pdf} files
-more convenient, because I can download a whole paper or presentation
-with a single click and then print it and read it when and where I desire,
-whereas typical examples of conversions to \fname{.html} use many
-\fname{.html} files, which can only be conveniently read from the computer
-screen when and where you're connected to the internet. Nevertheless, I can
-imagine that someone would like to convert a document to \fname{.html}, e.g.,
-because it loads faster and reads easier from the screen, because for some
-documents most people will have to use only a small part and can easier browse
-or search through it, or just because you want to make a home page and do not
-want to learn the html-language.
-
-Similarly, \LaTeXrtf{} is a standalone program that converts a \LaTeX{}
-document to \fname{.rtf} format, which can be read by most word processors.
-This may be convenient if you (a \LaTeX{} user) want to share a document with
-someone who does not work with \LaTeX{}, or as mentioned above, if you are
-required to send a ``Word'' file to a journal.
-
-Both \latextohtml{} and \LaTeXrtf{} implement \LaTeX{} macros etc.\ in
-another programming language (\latextohtml{}: \Perl{}; \LaTeXrtf{}: C) and
-process the \fname{.tex} files directly. This design implies that the
-conversion program must know the definitions of all \LaTeX{} macros that
-are used. A drawback of this design is that essentially the same code has
-to be written in different programming languages (\LaTeX{} macros for the
-\fname{.sty} file, \Perl{} for \latextohtml{}, and C for \LaTeXrtf{}), but
-typically with some adaptations specific for the application at hand.
-
-With \LaTeXrtf{}, the \LaTeX{} macros that it is able to process are included
-in the C source code that is compiled. Consequently, no user additions are
-possible in principle. However, the source code is freely available, so if you
-define a \LaTeX{} macro, you could adapt \LaTeXrtf{}'s source code and
-recompile \LaTeXrtf{}. It is obvious that this is very inconvenient,
-especially if \LaTeX{} macros are defined differently for different styles or
-if they are defined differently in different parts of the same document.
-
-Version~1.9.15 and higher of \LaTeXrtf{} contains some support for
-\pkg{apacite}, but lags a few versions of \pkg{apacite} behind and thus
-doesn't work with recent versions of \pkg{apacite}. Moreover, even if this
-would be fixed, e.g., because I (or you) send patches to the \LaTeXrtf{}
-authors, this wouldn't do justice to the flexibility of \pkg{apacite}, i.e.,
-its customization options.
-
-In contrast with this, \latextohtml{} allows the possibility to supply
-external \Perl{} scripts. If \latextohtml{} encounters a
-\cmdtwo{usepackage}{package} command in the document, it attempts to read the
-corresponding \opt{package}\fname{.perl} \Perl{} script. \latextohtml{} is
-shipped with many such \Perl{} scripts. There is not one for \pkg{apacite},
-but there is one for \pkg{natbib}, which could possibly be adapted for
-\pkg{apacite}. Alternatively, you could use the \pkg{natbib} citation commands
-and use the \pkg{natbib} package, which should work. This will become more
-straightforward when, in a future version, \pkg{apacite} also supports the
-\pkg{natbib} citation commands. Then the \fname{natbib.perl} script may
-possibly be copied to \fname{apacite.perl} without having to adapt much.
-However, I have never studied \Perl{}, and I do not particularly like the
-idea of having to learn that language for this purpose, so it is not very
-likely that in the near future \latextohtml{} will work well with
-\pkg{apacite}.
-
-Note, however, that the design with the \Perl{} scripts has the advantage
-that, if you customize the usage of \pkg{apacite} by writing your own
-\fname{.sty} file that renews the definitions of some macros, you can also
-supply a corresponding \Perl{} script, so that your customizations are
-processed.
-
-An alternative to both \latextohtml{} and \LaTeXrtf{} is \TeXht{}. This is
-a collection of programs and style files that convert \LaTeX{} to
-various formats, such as html, xml, and OpenOffice format. If you have
-OpenOffice, the latter can be used to convert to Word (or rtf) format.
-The principle of \TeXht{} is to let \LaTeX{} do most of the formatting and
-processing of commands, and do the conversion at low-level \TeX{} commands.
-In this way, all newly defined commands and user-defined changes are
-automatically supported. This even carries over to redefinitions of macros
-in the middle of a document. However, for some specific purposes, there are
-some additional things that must be arranged. Therefore, \TeXht{} contains a
-large list of \fname{.4ht} files that are necessary to support various
-\LaTeX{} packages. One of these is the \fname{apacite.4ht} file. The main
-purpose of this file is to make citations into hyperlinks to the corresponding
-entries in the reference list. Currently, this only works partially, but
-the citation text itself is formatted correctly, so this is only a
-relatively minor inconvenience. But, of course, it would be better if this
-would work perfectly. I suspect that this issue is related to the problems
-with the compatibility of \pkg{apacite} with \pkg{hyperref}, and can be
-solved in the same way. I intend to study this issue in the near future and
-hope to solve this for a future version (although, technically, it is a
-\TeXht{} problem and not an \pkg{apacite} problem).
-
-The choice of which converter to use will typically not (only) depend on how
-good it works in conjunction with \pkg{apacite}. Furthermore, apart from the
-converters mentioned above, there are several additional converters that I
-haven't studied at all. I will only study them if I receive reports about
-incompatibility and even then it is far from certain that I will be willing or
-able to fix the problems. It would be very demanding if I would have to define
-the \pkg{apacite} commands in a large number of programming languages for a
-large number of different converters. Because I prefer the design of \TeXht{}
-and because this converter seems to work best at the moment, I will give a
-bit more attention to this one.
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\section{Generating an author index}
-\label{sec:autindex}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-The \pkg{apacite} package contains an option to (almost) automatically
-generate an author index. This is done by using the \fname{apacitex.bst}
-\BibTeX{} style file instead of \fname{apacite.bst} and loading the
-\fname{apacite.sty} \LaTeX{} package with one of the \pkgoption{index},
-\pkgoption{stdindex}, \pkgoption{tocindex}, or \pkgoption{emindex} options. In
-that case, the \pkg{apacite} package automatically loads the \pkg{index}
-package that supports multiple indexes, so that you can have a subject index
-as well as an author index. Consequently, the \pkg{index} package must be
-available in a directory that is read by \LaTeX{}. If a subject index is
-desired, it must be defined by the user, it is not defined by \pkg{apacite}.
-See the manual of the \pkg{index} package on how to do this. A default author
-index \emph{is} defined by \pkg{apacite}. The author index is then requested
-by putting
-\begin{verbatim}
-\printindex[autx]
-\end{verbatim}
-at the point in the \LaTeX{} document where the index is supposed to appear.
-To include the author index in the processed document, the following sequence
-must be followed: First, \LaTeX{}, which puts citation entries in the
-\fname{.aux} file. Second, \BibTeX{}, which generates the bibliography in the
-\fname{.bbl} file. Third, \LaTeX{} (at least) twice, which puts index entries
-in a \fname{.adx} file, Fourth, \MakeIndex{}, which uses the \fname{.adx} file
-as input and puts the formatted index in a \fname{.and} file, which can be
-processed by \LaTeX{}. So, if the main document is \fname{filename.tex}, then
-\MakeIndex{} must be called as follows:
-\begin{verbatim}
-makeindex -o filename.and filename.adx
-\end{verbatim}
-although the command with which the \MakeIndex{} program must be called may on
-some systems be slightly different, e.g., \fname{makeinde} or
-\fname{makeindx}. Furthermore, several additional options may be chosen on the
-\MakeIndex{} command line. Fifth, run \LaTeX{} again, which (finally) includes
-the formatted author index in the \fname{.dvi} file.
-
-The \pkg{apacite} package provides some options to change the appearance of
-the index somewhat. With the \pkgoption{index} option, the indexing facility
-is turned on, but the \cmd{theindex} environment is not explicitly (re)defined
-by \pkg{apacite}. This means that this environment is defined just like in the
-\pkg{index} package, unless it is overridden by the \pkgoption{tocindex} or
-\pkgoption{emindex} options or redefined by the user or another package that
-is loaded.
-
-The \pkgoption{stdindex} option explicitly uses the definition of the
-\cmd{theindex} environment that is defined in the \pkg{index} package
-[1995/09/28 v4.1beta Improved index support (dmj)].
-With this definition, the index does not appear in the table of contents. With
-the \pkgoption{tocindex} option, this definition is augmented with a table of
-contents entry. Finally, with the \pkgoption{emindex} option, there are some
-alternative definitions. It writes a table of contents entry as well, but the
-index itself is now set in two columns using the \pkg{multicol} package
-instead of the \cmd{\twocolumn} command, the text of the index is set in small
-type, and the page head is not put in uppercase.
-
-When a table of contents entry is desired, another additional \LaTeX{} run is
-required to obtain the table of contents with the author index included. In
-exceptional cases, such as the current document, the extra line in de table of
-contents may cause the text to be moved as well, so that it may be necessary
-to run \MakeIndex{} a second time, followed by yet another \LaTeX{} run.
-
-The definitions of the index discussed apply to all indexes in the document,
-so to, e.g., the subject index as well as the author index. Finally, the
-formatting of the index itself can be changed by writing a \fname{.ist} file
-containing the preferred options. \MakeIndex{} should then be called with the
-filename of this index style file after a ``\verb+-s+'' option on the command
-line, so, e.g.,
-\begin{verbatim}
-makeindex -s mystyle.ist -o filename.and filename.adx
-\end{verbatim}
-The \MakeIndex{} documentation discusses the possible options that can be put
-into the \fname{.ist} file.
-
-If you process the file \fname{apacite.tex} in the way discussed above (look
-at the instructions in the \fname{README} file), it becomes clear that the
-author index is almost as desired, but there are a few exceptions. First, I
-can imagine that you would not want corporate authors, such as ``American
-Psychological Association'', in the author index, but only human authors. I
-haven't (yet) figured out a way to do this (semi-) automatically, so this has
-to be done manually by editing the \fname{.bbl} file, see below.
-
-Second, serious problems occur with cases such as ``Bender, J.~{(Director)}.''
-and ``Bulatao, E.~{(with Winford, C. A.)}.''. Obviously, the description
-``{(Director)}.'' should not be in the index and Winford should not be listed
-as part of Bulatao, but as a separate author. These problems are caused by the
-``tricks'' I used to make \BibTeX{} format them correctly in the reference
-list, see section~\ref{sec:xmpl} below. They can also be manually solved by
-editing the \fname{.bbl} file as discussed below.
-
-The author index does not contain entries for the authors Shocked and
-Goodenough (as well as several corporate authors) as cited in text, although
-it does for the reference list part, because the \fieldname{key} field was
-used for the citations. If you use the \fieldname{key} (and
-\fieldname{firstkey}) field and you want the authors in the author index as
-well, you have to include the index command \verb+\protect\AX+ explicitly. For
-example, the ``tricked'' \fieldname{key} field for Michelle Shocked is
-\begin{verbatim}
- key = {{\protect\bibsong{Shocked}{1992}{Over the
- Waterfall}{track~5}}},
-\end{verbatim}
-and if we change this into
-\begin{verbatim}
- key = {{\protect\bibsong{Shocked\protect\AX{shocked m
- @Shocked, M.}}{1992}{Over the Waterfall}{track~5}}},
-\end{verbatim}
-then citations to her are included in the author index. The \cmd{\AX} command
-will be discussed below.
-
-Summarizing, the author indexing part works very well for most commonly
-encountered cases. However, it does not work (entirely) correctly if special
-measures need to be taken to get them formatted correctly in \BibTeX{}
-(citations, reference list).
-
-An easy solution to incorrect formatting and/or sorting in the author index is
-to edit the \fname{.bbl} file manually. This should be done at a time when
-\BibTeX{} will not have to be run again. Otherwise, the changes would be
-overwritten by the next \BibTeX{} run. This editing of the \fname{.bbl} file
-is not in the \TeX-spirit, but in my experience --- I used it for two books
-with lots of references \cite{meijer1998,WaMe00}, with a previous version of
-\pkg{apacite} that caused many more problematic cases --- this takes very
-little time, usually only minutes (compare that with the time spent on writing
-a book, or with the time that would be necessary to manually make an author
-index).
-
-The connection between the \fname{.bbl} file and the author index is through
-\cmd{\AX} commands that are entered by \fname{apacitex.bst} in the
-\fname{.bbl} file. These are responsible for the author indexing facilities.
-By looking at the contents of the \fname{.bbl} file, some changes that lead to
-correct formatting are immediately obvious. For example, the entry for Bender
-is generated by the following lines:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\protect\AX{bender jdirector
-@Bender, J.~{\bibliteral{(Director)}}.}}{%
-\end{verbatim}
-It is immediately clear that this can be changed to
-\begin{verbatim}
-\protect\AX{bender j
-@Bender, J.}}{%
-\end{verbatim}
-Then, this author will be placed and formatted correctly in the author index.
-Note that \pkg{apacite} uses the \opt{key}\verb+@+\opt{visual} form of
-indexing. This form is used in \MakeIndex{} to distinguish between the actual
-representation in the index and the place where it should occur. The \opt{key}
-is used by \MakeIndex{} to sort the entry, but the entry actually appearing in
-the index is \opt{visual}. In the \opt{key} part as formatted by
-\pkg{apacite}, all names are in lower case letters and all accents and
-punctuation are removed. Furthermore, \pkg{apacite} inserts \emph{two} spaces
-between surname and initials, and to \MakeIndex{}, two spaces are different
-from one space. Spaces between surnames are removed, as well as spaces between
-initials.
-
-The correct author index could also be accomplished by editing the final
-\fname{.and} file, which contains the final formatted author index. However,
-it is more convenient to edit the \fname{.bbl} file, which is usually
-``final'' in a much earlier stage.
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\section{Known problems, things to be done, etc.}
-\label{sec:todo}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-With any kind of software, there is usually a list with known problems (bugs)
-and desirable future work (to-do), and \pkg{apacite} is no exception. These
-subjects will be discussed in this section.
-
-A class of problems was already discussed in section~\ref{sec:compat} above.
-This concerns the incompatibility of the \fname{.bib} file with other citation
-styles, through \pkg{apacite}-specific fields, APA-specific contents of
-fields, or through special tricks. These lead to correctly formatted
-references in APA style, but may cause problems with using the \fname{.bib}
-file with other styles (in case APA journals reject your article~\ldots). As
-discussed there, however, this problem is unavoidable and presumably not a
-very big problem to most users.
-
-An incomplete list of other known problems and things that I would
-like to do with \pkg{apacite} is:
-\begin{itemize}
-\item Sort entries within a single citation command. The \pkg{natbib}
- package already offers this option;
-\item Swap (optionally?) the order of closing quotes and various other
- punctuation marks (\verb+.,;!?+) in a citation, for articles where
- there is no named author and the title (between quotes) takes the
- role of the author;
-\item If a work is authored by someone, ``with'' someone else: This
- currently must be tricked in a nonelegant way. Perhaps I can
- think of a better solution.
-\item Add the \fieldname{address} field for \entryname{lecture} entries.
- In the current version, the address is part of the description of
- the meeting in the \fieldname{howpublished} field, but it makes
- sense to disentangle these;
-\item Give explicit support for citation to the Bible and other
- ``classic'' works and the \emph{DSM};
-\item Give explicit support for music recordings in \entryname{incollection}
- entries;
-\item Study referencing legal materials (Appendix~D of the APA manual);
-\item Define \BibTeX{} macros or strings for commonly encountered
- journals (at least the APA journals);
-\item Support \pkg{natbib} citation commands (\cmd{\citet}, \cmd{\citep},
- etc.);
-\item Improve and extend language support;
-\item Make a \pkg{doc}/\pkg{docstrip} version, so that the whole suite
- consists of a \fname{.dtx} file containing all code, documentation,
- and test documents, and a \fname{.ins} file that extracts the various
- desired files from the \fname{.dtx} file.
-\end{itemize}
-Quite likely, other problems will come up when using the current version of
-\pkg{apacite}, but at least I got it working on the APA manual examples, see
-section~\ref{sec:xmpl} below. I have lots of ideas for improvements,
-extensions, options, etc., but not much time to devote to it. Therefore, it is
-difficult to give a good estimate of when I will release a new update.
-However, in the meantime, if you have questions, remarks, suggestions, or bug
-reports, you can e-mail them to me.
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\section{Examples of the APA manual}
-\label{sec:xmpl}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-In this section, the \pkg{apacite} package is tested by citing the examples of
-the APA manual (5th ed., pp.~207--281), and some additional references for
-additional purposes.
-
-The following list gives the examples from chapter~3 of the APA manual, with
-section number. For these and all later examples, whenever I thought it
-necessary or desirable, I added some comments. These are indicated by the \EM{}
-symbol. Especially for later examples (from chap.~4), the comments frequently
-pertain to the corresponding reference list entry.
-
-\begin{itemize}
-\item[3.94] \citeA{3.94-1} compared reaction times\\
- In a recent study of reaction times \cite{3.94-1}\\
- In \citeyearNP{3.94-1} \citeauthor{3.94-1} compared
- reaction times\\
- In a recent study of reaction times, \citeA{3.94-1}
- described the method\ldots. \citeauthor{3.94-1} also found
-\item[3.95] \citeA{3.95-1} found\\
- \citeA{3.95-1} found\\
- \citeauthor{3.95-1} found\\
- \fullcite{3.95-2} and \fullcite{3.95-3}\\
- \citeA{3.95-2} and \citeA{3.95-3}\\
- \EM It seems that if ``et al.'' would refer to one additional
- author, then this author is named instead of the ``et al.''
- clause.\\
- \citeA{3.95-4} and \citeA{3.95-5}\\
- as \citeA{3.95-6} demonstrated\\
- \EM The comma after ``Nightlinger'' in the reference list
- does not look right, but is explicitly required by the APA.
- Of course, with people as authors,
- one almost always has initials (although I have seen
- an example of an econometrician who only had
- one name), so this problem is not likely to occur.
- With nicknames (``screen names'' as they are called in the
- APA manual below ex. 85) in messages to newsgroups, initials
- are typically missing, but then there is usually (always?)
- only one author, so the problem does not exist either.
- The problem can, however, come up when there are two authors,
- the first of which is a corporate author, or with artists,
- e.g., the song ``Into the Groove'' is written by
- Madonna and Stephen Bray. (But perhaps the APA would want
- Madonna to be referred to as ``Ciccone, M.'').\\
- as has been shown \cite{3.95-7}
-\item[3.96] \cite{3.96-1}\\
- \cite{3.96-1}\\
- \cite{3.96-2}\\
- \EM For this document, I defined the \cmd{\bibcorporate}
- macro, which indicates that the author is a corporate
- author. The way it is used now only has the effect that
- in the reference list, the name is treated as a whole,
- and not as a firstname-lastname combination. My idea is
- to think of a way to define this macro such that it is
- able to suppress inclusion of the corporate author in the
- author index, but I have not succeeded in this.
- Note, however, that this is not part of \pkg{apacite}, but
- part of the trick box of the user.\\
- \EM If the \fieldname{firstkey} field is different
- and the \fieldname{key} field is the same, then, analogous
- to the use of extra authors in 3.95 above, \pkg{apacite}
- uses the \fieldname{firstkey} field for all citations:\\
- \citeA{3.96-3}, \citeA{3.96-4}, \citeA{3.96-5}, \citeA{3.96-6};\\
- \citeA{3.96-3}, \citeA{3.96-4}, \citeA{3.96-5}, \citeA{3.96-6}.\\
- Although this is a constructed example, these organizations
- really exist. The ``Koninklijke Nederlandse Schaakbond''
- is the Royal Dutch Chess Association and the
- ``Koninklijke Nederlandse Schaatsbond'' is the Royal Dutch
- Skating Association. Both are abbreviated to KNSB and
- presumably, both publish an annual report each year.
-\item[3.97] on free care \cite{3.97-1}\\
- \EM The order of the
- closing quotes and the comma is different from the
- APA manual. I think this one is more logical, although the
- APA manual's is the conventional one, presumably for
- aesthetic reasons. I hope to implement this in a future
- version.\\
- the book \citeA{3.97-2}\\
- \cite{3.97-3}\\
- \EM If two articles both have no author and the title and
- the year are the same, a's and b's should be used:
- \citeA{3.97-4}, \citeA{3.97-5}, and \citeA{3.97-6}.
- The latter two entries are correctly sorted by month,
- through the way the month macros are defined in
- \fname{apacitex.bst}.
-\item[3.98] \citeA{3.98-1} and \citeA{3.98-2} also found\\
- \citeA{3.98-3} and \citeA{3.98-4} studied
-\item[3.99] Past research \cite{3.99-1,3.99-2}\\
- Past research \cite{3.99-3,3.99-4,3.99-5}\\
- Several studies
- \cite{3.99-6,3.99-7,3.99-8,3.99-9,3.99-10,3.99-11}\\
- Several studies \cite{3.99-12,3.99-13,3.99-14}\\
- \EM \pkg{apacite} does not (yet?) sort the cited
- references in the text (of course it does for the reference
- list), as required by the APA manual.\\
- (\citeNP{3.99-15}; see also \citeNP{3.99-16,3.99-17})\\
- \EM Note that I had to use \cmd{\citeNP} here.
-\item[3.100] \cite{3.100-1}\\
- \EM This is not an example, but a rule in the text.
- The ``\bibnodate'' is handled by the \cmd{\bibnodate}
- macro. It is not clear whether it is really meant that the
- in-text form is \citeauthor{3.100-1}, \citeyearNP{3.100-1}
- or the more logically consistent \citeA{3.100-1}.
- The former can (currently) only be accomplished by using
- \cmd{\citeauthor} and \cmd{\citeyearNP} explicitly,
- whereas the latter is simply obtained by \cmd{\citeA}.\\
- \cite{3.100-2}\\
- \citeA{3.100-3}
-
- \EM For citations to the bible, I defined a \cmd{\biblecite}
- command and several obvious variations on it. For example:\\
- \cmd{\bibleciteA}, first cite: \bibleciteA{1 Cor.\ 13:1}\\
- \cmd{\bibleciteA}, second cite: \bibleciteA{1 Cor.\ 13:1}\\
- \cmd{\biblecite}, first cite: \fullbiblecite{1 Cor.\ 13:1}\\
- \cmd{\biblecite}, second cite: \biblecite{1 Cor.\ 13:1}\\
- (\cmd{\bibleciteNP}, first cite:
- \fullbibleciteNP{1 Cor.\ 13:1} and some text surrounding it)\\
- (\cmd{\bibleciteNP}, second cite:
- \bibleciteNP{1 Cor.\ 13:1} and some text surrounding it)\\
- \EM Here, there probably should be a comma if it's the first
- cite and not a comma when it's a later cite. A difficult one.\\
- \EM Are there other ``classical works'' that should be treated
- like this? If so, which and how?
-\item[3.101] \cite[p.~332]{3.101-1}\\
- \cite[chap.~3]{3.101-2}\\
- \EM If you like, you can use the \pkg{apacite}-defined
- abbreviation commands \verb+\BPG+ and \verb+\BCHAP+.\\
- \cite[\P~5]{3.101-3}\\
- \cite[Conclusion section, para.~1]{3.101-4}
-\item[3.102] \EM Personal communication is not really citation and should
- be done manually:\\
- T.~K. Lutes (personal communication, April 18, 2001)\\
- (V.-G. Nguyen, personal communication, September 28, 1998)
-\item[3.103] \cite<see Table~2 of>[for complete data]{3.103-1}
-\end{itemize}
-
-\noindent
-Chapter~4 of the APA manual deals with the reference list
-and only mentions some in-text citation issues in passing.
-Therefore, the rest mainly requires a lot of moving back and forth
-between the reference list and this part. I start with the
-more ``general'' part, sections 4.01--4.15, presented similar to
-the sections from chapter~3 as presented above.
-\begin{itemize}
-\item[4.04] \EM First, some examples mentioned in the text:\\
- \citeA{4.04-t1},
- \citeA{4.04-t2},
- \citeA{4.04-t3},
- \citeA{4.04-t4},
- \citeA{4.04-t5},
- \citeA{4.04-t6},
- \citeA{4.04-t7},
- \citeA{4.04-t8},
- \citeA{4.04-t9}\\
- \EM The APA manual states that prefixes must be treated
- according to the rules of the language of origin. These rules
- can differ a lot between languages (and countries) and it
- is impossible to know all these rules. The APA manual gives two
- examples, one in which ``De Vries'' is treated as the surname,
- and one in which ``Helmholtz'' is the surname and ``von'' is
- the ``von'' part of the name.
-
- In the former case, the author is referred to as, say, ``De Vries
- (1999)'' in text and ``De Vries, J. (1999).'', alphabetized under
- ``D'' in the reference list. In the second example, the author is
- referred to as, say, ``Helmholtz (1870)'' and listed in the
- reference list as ``Helmholtz, H. L. F. von. (1870).'',
- alphabetized under ``H''. To get this right, the author must be
- defined as
-\begin{verbatim}
- author = {H. L. F. von Helmholtz},
-\end{verbatim}
- or
-\begin{verbatim}
- author = {von Helmholtz, H. L. F.},
-\end{verbatim}
- then \BibTeX{} will assign the correct parts to the first names,
- ``von''-part, and last name. The seemingly logical
-\begin{verbatim}
- author = {Helmholtz, H. L. F. von},
-\end{verbatim}
- will not be formatted correctly, because ``von'' is now
- considered to be part of the first names and therefore
- abbreviated to ``v.''.
-
- Below, under example B-2, I will further discuss some
- issues about ``von'' parts.
-
- \EM The APA manual requires that numerals are alphabetized
- as if they were spelled out. This is not done by \pkg{apacite},
- so when applicable should be done by the user, e.g.\ by using
- the \cmd{\SortNoop} command as defined in
- \citeA[p.~404]{LaTeXcomp}. I give one fictitious example
- \cite{4.04-t10}.
-
- \citeA{4.04-1}\\
- \citeA{4.04-2}\\
- \citeA{4.04-3}\\
- \citeA{4.04-4}\\
- \citeA{4.04-5}\\
- \citeA{4.04-6}\\
- \citeA{4.04-7}\\
- \citeA{4.04-8}\\
- \citeA{4.04-9}\\
- \citeA{4.04-10}\\
- \citeA{4.04-11}\\
- \citeA{4.04-12}\\
- \citeA{4.04-13}\\
- \citeA{4.04-14}\\
- \EM I have not (yet?) studied referencing legal materials.
- In the first version of \pkg{apacite}, I defined a
- \entryname{literal} type, so that the users can
- literally format such entries themselves. However,
- I think that if you need to refer to legal cases, you
- can find a way to use the \entryname{misc} type to get
- it right. I might study this and give examples in a
- next version of \pkg{apacite}.
-\item[4.05] \citeA{4.05-1}\\
- \nocitemeta{4.05-2}\citeA{4.05-2}\\
- \EM Here I used the \cmd{\nocitemeta} command to let
- \pkg{apacite} know that a meta-analysis is reported and this
- work is included in it. As you can see, you can still cite
- the work by using the normal citation commands such as
- \cmd{\citeA}.
-\item[4.08] \citeA{4.08-1}\\
- \citeA{4.08-2}\\
- \citeA{4.08-3}\\
- \EM I used the \verb+\bibliteral+ construction,
- which echoes its argument literally, to obtain the
- ``(with \ldots)'' description in the reference list. However,
- to \BibTeX{}, this is not a description, but a complicated
- accented character which is the second initial of the author.
- Consequently, this does not work properly with styles that put
- the initials \emph{before} the surnames, and care must be
- exercised with ``junior'' parts (see ex. 70). Furthermore,
- this construction must be put between a pair of
- braces in order for \BibTeX{} to treat it as an accented letter.
-\item[4.09] \citeA{4.09-1}
-\item[4.10] \citeA{4.10-1}\\
- \citeA{4.10-2}
-\item[4.11] \citeA{4.11-1}\\
- \citeA{4.11-2}\\
- \EM Note that in the \fname{.bib} file, the ``junior'' part comes
- directly after the surname and a comma, with the initials
- after the ``junior'' part, whereas in the formatted
- reference list, the more logical order \opt{surname},
- \opt{initials}, \opt{junior}, is used.
-\item[4.12] \citeA{4.12-1}
-\item[4.13] \citeA{4.13-1}\\
- \EM ``For substantial reference works with a large editorial
- board, naming the lead editor followed by \texttt{et al.} is
- acceptable''. This is now implemented in \pkg{apacite} as
- follows: If there are 7 or more editors, only the first one
- is named, followed by ``et al.'' \cite{4.13-2}.\\
-\item[4.15] \citeA{4.15-1}\\
- \EM I used the \cmd{\url} command from the \pkg{url}
- package to format internet addresses. This command, however,
- breaks addresses at different positions than the APA requires
- (in particular, \emph{after} a dot and \emph{before} the
- double slashes). Furthermore, I used a construction
- through a \verb+\bibnodot{.}+ expression, which swallows
- the dot, to prevent \BibTeX{} from adding a period
- after the internet address.\\
- \citeA{4.15-2}
-\end{itemize}
-
-\noindent
-The rest is from section 4.16, the examples section. The section number
-is omitted, but A--I are used instead for the unnumbered examples. For
-the numbered examples, only the number is given.
-
-The following enumerated list gives the example number, and
-the two basic in-text citation commands, both in a full and
-short form, of the examples.
-\begin{enumerate}
-\item[A-1] \cite{A-1} \\ \cite{A-1} \\ \fullciteA{A-1} \\ \citeA{A-1}
-\item \cite{ex1} \\ \cite{ex1} \\ \fullciteA{ex1} \\ \citeA{ex1}
-\item \cite{ex2} \\ \cite{ex2} \\ \fullciteA{ex2} \\ \citeA{ex2}
-\item \cite{ex3} \\ \cite{ex3} \\ \fullciteA{ex3} \\ \citeA{ex3}
-\item \cite{ex4} \\ \cite{ex4} \\ \fullciteA{ex4} \\ \citeA{ex4}\\
- \cite{ex4-2} \\ \cite{ex4-2} \\ \fullciteA{ex4-2} \\ \citeA{ex4-2}\\
- \EM Note that the list of authors can be finished with
- ``\verb+and others+'' if there are more than 6 authors, or
- all authors can be given, in which case \pkg{apacite} truncates
- the list after the first 6. For compatibility with other styles,
- the latter is preferable.
-\item \cite{ex5} \\ \cite{ex5} \\ \fullciteA{ex5} \\ \citeA{ex5}
-\item \cite{ex6} \\ \cite{ex6} \\ \fullciteA{ex6} \\ \citeA{ex6}
-\item \cite{ex7} \\ \cite{ex7} \\ \fullciteA{ex7} \\ \citeA{ex7}\\
- \EM Here, I used
-\begin{verbatim}
- month = {Spring},
-\end{verbatim}
- which is perfectly fine to \BibTeX{}.
-\item \cite{ex8} \\ \cite{ex8} \\ \fullciteA{ex8} \\ \citeA{ex8}\\
- \EM Here, again, the order of the closing quotes and the
- following comma should be reversed according to the APA rules.
-\item \cite{ex9} \\ \cite{ex9} \\ \fullciteA{ex9} \\ \citeA{ex9}\\
- \EM Here, again, the order of the closing quotes and the
- following comma should be reversed according to the APA rules.
-\item \cite{ex10} \\ \cite{ex10}\\ \fullciteA{ex10}\\ \citeA{ex10}
-\item \cite{ex11} \\ \cite{ex11}\\ \fullciteA{ex11}\\ \citeA{ex11}\\
- \EM Apparently, a weekly newspaper is not a magazine and should
- therefore include ``p.'' or ``pp.'' in front of the page
- number(s), whereas a magazine article should not. I do not
- understand the distinction very well and find it not very
- useful as well, but will adhere to it. It means that the
- \entryname{newspaper} type gets the ``pp.'', whereas
- \entryname{magazine} and \entryname{article}, which are now
- identical, do not.
-\item \cite{ex12} \\ \cite{ex12}\\ \fullciteA{ex12}\\ \citeA{ex12}\\
- \EM Here, \verb+\emph{DSM-IV}+ must be entered without an extra
- pair of braces in the title field, see ex.~73 for the intricacies
- of braces and \verb+\emph+ in the title field.
-\item \cite{ex13} \\ \cite{ex13}\\ \fullciteA{ex13}\\ \citeA{ex13}
-\item \cite{ex14} \\ \cite{ex14}\\ \fullciteA{ex14}\\ \citeA{ex14}
-\item \cite{ex15} \\ \cite{ex15}\\ \fullciteA{ex15}\\ \citeA{ex15}
-\item \cite{ex16} \\ \cite{ex16}\\ \fullciteA{ex16}\\ \citeA{ex16}
-\item \cite{ex17} \\ \cite{ex17}\\ \fullciteA{ex17}\\ \citeA{ex17}\\
- \EM This case is the opposite of the more common situation where a
- reprint is cited and an original publication year is given. I could
- implement similar code to handle this case (and I may if I get requests
- to do this), but for the moment, I decided to trick the system: I
- defined a macro \cmd{\bibreftext} which must be called with two
- arguments. Initially, it places the second argument in the text, but
- just before the bibliography, its definition is changed so that the
- first argument is placed in the reference list. By defining
-\begin{verbatim}
- year = {{\protect\bibreftext{1992}{1992/1993}}},
-\end{verbatim}
- in the \fname{.bib} file, the year is ``1992'' in the reference
- list and ``1992/1993'' in the text citations. The \cmd{\protect}
- is necessary to make sure that the \cmd{\bibreftext} macro is not
- written out in the label-part of the bibliography, because then
- only ``1992'' would appear in the text reference. The additional
- pair of braces are necessary to make sure that the entry
- is alphabetized correctly. When these are omitted, the entry
- is alphabetized under the ``P'' of ``protect''. Of course, the
- latter is only important if the reference list contains
- multiple works by the same author(s), but the same phenomenon
- is encountered when the \fieldname{author} or \fieldname{editor}
- field starts with a command, or when there is no author or editor
- and the \fieldname{title} field starts with a command, as in
- the entry \citeA{4.04-t10} introduced in 4.04 above.
-
- Of course, you can save yourself a lot of trouble by
- obtaining the original article and citing that.
-\item \cite{ex18} \\ \cite{ex18}\\ \fullciteA{ex18}\\ \citeA{ex18}
-\item \cite{ex19} \\ \cite{ex19}\\ \fullciteA{ex19}\\ \citeA{ex19}
-\item \cite{ex20} \\ \cite{ex20}\\ \fullciteA{ex20}\\ \citeA{ex20}
-\item \cite{ex21} \\ \cite{ex21}\\ \fullciteA{ex21}\\ \citeA{ex21}\\
- \EM Apparently, a translator and original publication date
- do not have to be mentioned here.
-\item Seidenberg and McClelland's study \cite<as cited in>{ex22}\\
- %\cite{ex22} \\ \cite{ex22}\\ \fullciteA{ex22}\\ \citeA{ex22}
-\item[B-1] \cite{B-1} \\ \cite{B-1} \\ \fullciteA{B-1} \\ \citeA{B-1}
-\item \cite{ex23} \\ \cite{ex23}\\ \fullciteA{ex23}\\ \citeA{ex23}
-\item \cite{ex24} \\ \cite{ex24}\\ \fullciteA{ex24}\\ \citeA{ex24}\\
- \EM The APA manual gives a number, which would not ordinarily be
- done with proper books and which suggests that it could also
- be treated as a report. In that case, the default ``Tech. Rep.''
- description should be left out, however. This can be accomplished
- by defining
-\begin{verbatim}
- type = {\bibnotype},
-\end{verbatim}
- which flags that the type must be left out, see example 42.
- However, for books, it now works fine leaving the \fieldname{type}
- field empty and giving the number in the \fieldname{number} field.
-\item \cite{ex25} \\ \cite{ex25}\\ \fullciteA{ex25}\\ \citeA{ex25}\\
- \EM According to the note after ex.~25 in the APA manual,
- an edited book with ``just one'' author should list
- the editor (and translator, when available) after the
- title, just like the translator. An example of this is
- \citeA{ex25-t1}. (Should the original years of publication
- be used here?)
-
- However, what does ``just one author'' mean here? Does it mean that if
- there are 2 authors and 1 or more editors, the editors should
- not be mentioned, or the authors should not be mentioned?
- Presumably, it means the following:
- In the default case, an edited book consists of several chapters,
- with different chapters written by different authors. In this case,
- the reference to the whole book lists only the editor(s).
- If every chapter is written by the same author, and there are 1
- or more editors, their condition holds. I think that if all
- chapters are written by the same $n$ ($\geq 2$) authors, it should
- also be treated in this way, i.e., with the authors in the
- author position and the editor behind the title. A difficult
- case would appear if the book were a collection of works of, say,
- 2 authors, with some chapters written by one and some by the
- other, and some jointly, as in \citeA{ex25-t2}. These choices have
- to be made by the user, however, \pkg{apacite} will format author,
- editor, and translator, whenever available.
-\item \cite{ex26} \\ \cite{ex26}\\ \fullciteA{ex26}\\ \citeA{ex26}\\
- \EM According to section~3.97, the title should be in italics.
- In this example, in the citation, it is not given in italics,
- but this must be an error, because they do give it in italics
- on p.~219 (but give no date there).
-\item \cite{ex27} \\ \cite{ex27}\\ \fullciteA{ex27}\\ \citeA{ex27}
-\item \cite{ex28} \\ \cite{ex28}\\ \fullciteA{ex28}\\ \citeA{ex28}
-\item \EM I defined a \verb+\DSMcite+ macro and some related
- alternatives to get the \emph{DSM} references right:\\
- \cmd{\DSMcite}, first citation: \DSMcite{ex29} \\
- \cmd{\DSMcite}, second citation: \DSMcite{ex29} \\
- \cmd{\DSMciteA}, first citation: \DSMfullciteA{ex29} \\
- \cmd{\DSMciteA}, second citation: \DSMciteA{ex29} \\
- \cmd{\DSMciteNP}, first citation: \DSMfullciteNP{ex29} \\
- \cmd{\DSMciteNP}, second citation: \DSMciteNP{ex29} \\
- \EM Actually, these macros are not related to the \emph{DSM} at all,
- except that they are defined to handle these. These macros
- act as a normal citation the first time a \emph{DSM} is
- referenced and all subsequent times as a suitably formatted
- \cmd{\citeauthor}. So the only difference with ordinary
- citations is that the year is left out the second and later
- times. By defining
-\begin{verbatim}
- firstkey = {{American Psychiatric Association}},
- key = {{\APACcitebtitle{DSM-IV}}},
-\end{verbatim}
- using the \cmd{\APACcitebtitle} macro introduced before,
- the \emph{DSM} citations are correctly formatted.
- However, the \cmd{\DSM*} macros are still very rough. Multiple
- citations are not handled well, so only one work should
- be cited with such a macro. Furthermore, the pre- and
- postfixes (through \verb+<...>+ and \verb+[...]+) are not
- available.
-
- \EM The following two are for testing the ordering (sorting)
- in \BibTeX{} and \MakeIndex{} \cite{ex29-2,ex29-3}.
-
-\item \cite{ex30} \\ \cite{ex30}\\ \fullciteA{ex30}\\ \citeA{ex30}\\
- \EM Here, ``6th ed.'' comes before ``Vols.\ 1--20'', so it is
- Vols.\ 1--20 of the 6th edition. \pkg{apacite} now uses this
- order. Pre-[2003/09/05] versions placed volumes before editions,
- which is appropriate when different volumes of a series
- are not updated jointly, so that you may have the 3rd edition
- of Vol.~2, but only the 1st edition of Vol.~6. Should you
- want this, you have to trick the system by putting both
- elements in the \fieldname{edition} field:
-\begin{verbatim}
- edition = {\BVOLS\ 1--20, 6th},
-\end{verbatim}
- and leaving the \fieldname{volume} field empty.\\
- \EM Does the remark about large editorial boards mean that the
- APA intended to add ``et al.'' here? Anyway, here is an example
- of such a situation: \citeA{ex30-2}.
-\item \cite{ex31} \\ \cite{ex31}\\ \fullciteA{ex31}\\ \citeA{ex31}
-\item \cite{ex32} \\ \cite{ex32}\\ \fullciteA{ex32}\\ \citeA{ex32}
-\item \cite{ex33} \\ \cite{ex33}\\ \fullciteA{ex33}\\ \citeA{ex33}
-\item[B-2] \cite{B-2} \\ \cite{B-2} \\ \fullciteA{B-2} \\ \citeA{B-2} \\
- \EM This is a suitable point to discuss ``von'' parts further.
- One of the editors in the current example is called
- P. van den Broek. I am Dutch and I recognize this as a Dutch
- name, so let's assume that this person is Dutch. Let us now
- consider the situation that this person is the (only) author.
- Then according to the Dutch rules, this person would be listed in the
- reference list as ``Broek, P. van den. (1992)'' and listed under ``B'',
- but referred to in the text as ``Van den Broek (1992)'', including
- the ``von'' part and capitalizing the first letter. When an
- initial precedes the ``von'' part (e.g., when there are two
- primary authors with this surname, but with different initials),
- then this person would be referred to in the text as
- ``P. van den Broek (1992)'', including the ``von'' part, but now
- in lower case. The Dutch rules are very difficult to do right in
- \BibTeX{}/\LaTeX{} and they conflict with the rules for other
- languages, and presumably with the rules of the APA, which would
- require this person to be alphabetized under ``V'', at least.
-
- For the current editor position, there is no big problem with
- the APA rules. The ``von'' part can really be put in the ``von''
- part as recognized by \BibTeX{}, which I did, or it can be enclosed
- in braces, making the whole last name one part. Either will come
- out right and the editor will not be referred to in the text
- anyway. With styles that put the initials behind the surname,
- it will only work right when put in the ``von'' part. In the
- author position, however, things are different. Then this author
- could be formatted as
-\begin{verbatim}
- author = {Van {\lowercase{D}}en Broek, P.},
-\end{verbatim}
- where the \verb+{\lowercase{D}}+ construction is used to prevent
- \BibTeX{} from interpreting it as a ``von'' part, or
-\begin{verbatim}
- author = {Van{\ }den{\ }Broek, P.},
- author = {{Van den Broek}, P.},
-\end{verbatim}
- which in most situations gives the correct version according to the
- Dutch rules with the correct alphabetizing according to the APA
- rules. Only in situations when the initial would appear
- \emph{before} the surname (when there are other authors with the
- same surname or when using other styles), this would lead to
- unwanted results.
-
- If you really want to alphabetize according to the Dutch rules
- (which is \emph{not} APA in my interpretation), you can use the
- following trick. Define a macro \verb+\Dutchvon+ with
- two arguments which is equivalent to the \verb+\bibreftext+
- macro discussed in ex.~17 above. That is, in the beginning
- of the document, it is defined as echoing its second argument,
- and just before the reference list, it is redefined to echo
- its first argument. Then define the author as
-\begin{verbatim}
- author = {van den {\protect\Dutchvon{Broek}{Van den Broek}}, P.},
-\end{verbatim}
- which, combined with the \pkg{apacite} formatting implies
- that in text, ``Van den Broek'' is used, whereas the author
- is alphabetized under ``B'' in the reference list, and listed
- as ``Broek, P. van den''. Of course, we could simply have
- used \verb+\bibreftext+ again, but that was used to cover a
- completely different situation, and I can easily imagine that
- when switching to another citation style, the former application
- (i.e., 1992/1993) must be kept, but the ``von'' part is handled
- differently, so that \verb+\Dutchvon+ must be redefined.
- Based on this example, users should be able to define their
- own tricks for similar peculiarities.
-
- Finally, note that in Belgium, where many people
- speak Dutch as well, it is customary to alphabetize under ``V''
- anyway (``Van Damme'').
-\item \cite{ex34} \\ \cite{ex34}\\ \fullciteA{ex34}\\ \citeA{ex34}
-\item \cite{ex35} \\ \cite{ex35}\\ \fullciteA{ex35}\\ \citeA{ex35}
-\item \cite{ex36} \\ \cite{ex36}\\ \fullciteA{ex36}\\ \citeA{ex36}\\
- \EM I had to use some tricks to get the Series and Volume Editors'
- descriptions right. The ``(Series Ed.)'' is according to
- \BibTeX{} part of the last name of the first editor,
- and I used a \verb+\bibeditortype+ macro to get the volume
- editor right. The \verb+\bibeditortype+ macro has one argument.
- The macro changes the definitions of the macros \verb+\BED+ and
- \verb+\BEDS+ to the argument and then immediately changes the
- definitions back to their old definitions. So it makes a one-time
- change.
-
- It seems to me that only mentioning the
- volume editor as ``editor'' would be sufficient, but the APA
- requires both. It raises the question when series editors
- should be mentioned: only if the specific volume in the
- series is itself an edited work (as with this handbook),
- or also with books that are published in a series. Many books
- are published in some series, with one or more series editors
- and I have never seen any mentioning of the series editors of
- such books, but it is not clear to me when this should be done
- then.
-\item \cite{ex37} \\ \cite{ex37}\\ \fullciteA{ex37}\\ \citeA{ex37}
-\item \cite{ex38} \\ \cite{ex38}\\ \fullciteA{ex38}\\ \citeA{ex38}
-\item \cite{ex39} \\ \cite{ex39}\\ \fullciteA{ex39}\\ \citeA{ex39}\\
- \EM Here, it is stated that the translator's name should be put
- after the editor's name when both are different, but in example
- 40, the translators are put after the title, before the editors.
- Apparently, if the book is a collection of works by one
- author(-group), edited and translated, then the translator
- should come after the editor, but if different chapters
- are translated by different translators, or perhaps not all
- are translated works, then the translator should come after
- the title. Of course, \pkg{apacite} has no way of knowing this.
- In the current implementation, for an \entryname{incollection},
- if the editor and translator are the same, they are formatted as
- in this example, whereas if they are different, they are treated
- as in example 40 below. I think this will be satisfactory in
- most cases. If you really want the translator after the editor
- when they are different, you can trick the system in a way
- similar to example 36.
-\item \cite{ex40} \\ \cite{ex40}\\ \fullciteA{ex40}\\ \citeA{ex40}\\
- \EM See my comments to example 39 above.
-\item[C-1] \cite{C-1} \\ \cite{C-1} \\ \fullciteA{C-1} \\ \citeA{C-1}
-\item \cite{ex41} \\ \cite{ex41}\\ \fullciteA{ex41}\\ \citeA{ex41}
-\item \cite{ex42} \\ \cite{ex42}\\ \fullciteA{ex42}\\ \citeA{ex42}\\
- \EM I used the \cmd{\bibnotype} construction discussed
- in example~24 to suppress the default ``(Tech.\ Rep.{})''
- description. Actually, I don't think there is anything wrong with
- calling a report a report, be it ``technical'' by default, or by
- specifying
-\begin{verbatim}
- type = {Report},
-\end{verbatim}
- except that it's not done so in this specific example in the
- APA manual. But there does not seem to be a rule against it.
-\item \cite{ex43} \\ \cite{ex43}\\ \fullciteA{ex43}\\ \citeA{ex43}
-\item \cite{ex44} \\ \cite{ex44}\\ \fullciteA{ex44}\\ \citeA{ex44}
-\item \cite{ex45} \\ \cite{ex45}\\ \fullciteA{ex45}\\ \citeA{ex45}
-\item \cite{ex46} \\ \cite{ex46}\\ \fullciteA{ex46}\\ \citeA{ex46}\\
- \EM Note that in the example in the APA manual, ``Western Australia''
- \emph{is} mentioned in the publisher location, whereas their rule
- explicitly states that this should not be the case in this
- situation, and they stress that again below the example.
- Therefore, I did not mention ``Western Australia'' in the
- \fieldname{publisher} field.
-\item \cite{ex47} \\ \cite{ex47}\\ \fullciteA{ex47}\\ \citeA{ex47}
-\item \cite{ex48} \\ \cite{ex48}\\ \fullciteA{ex48}\\ \citeA{ex48}
-\item \cite{ex49} \\ \cite{ex49}\\ \fullciteA{ex49}\\ \citeA{ex49}
-\item \cite{ex50} \\ \cite{ex50}\\ \fullciteA{ex50}\\ \citeA{ex50}
-\item \cite{ex51} \\ \cite{ex51}\\ \fullciteA{ex51}\\ \citeA{ex51}
-\item \cite{ex52} \\ \cite{ex52}\\ \fullciteA{ex52}\\ \citeA{ex52}
-\item \cite{ex53} \\ \cite{ex53}\\ \fullciteA{ex53}\\ \citeA{ex53}
-\item \cite{ex54} \\ \cite{ex54}\\ \fullciteA{ex54}\\ \citeA{ex54}
-\item \cite{ex55} \\ \cite{ex55}\\ \fullciteA{ex55}\\ \citeA{ex55}\\
- \EM It seems logical to suppress the original year if it's the
- same as the year of the abstract.
-
- \EM According to example 54 and the text below it, an ``A''
- or ``B'' should be added to the volume number of \emph{DAI}
- of this entry, presumably an ``A'', but because they did not
- give one, I left it out as well.
-\item \cite{ex56} \\ \cite{ex56}\\ \fullciteA{ex56}\\ \citeA{ex56}
-\item \cite{ex57} \\ \cite{ex57}\\ \fullciteA{ex57}\\ \citeA{ex57}
-\item \cite{ex58} \\ \cite{ex58}\\ \fullciteA{ex58}\\ \citeA{ex58}
-\item \cite{ex59} \\ \cite{ex59}\\ \fullciteA{ex59}\\ \citeA{ex59}
-\item \cite{ex60} \\ \cite{ex60}\\ \fullciteA{ex60}\\ \citeA{ex60}
-\item \cite{ex61} \\ \cite{ex61}\\ \fullciteA{ex61}\\ \citeA{ex61}\\
- \EM The description of the data goes into the
- \fieldname{type} field. It may be more logical to put it
- in the \fieldname{title} field, with some trickery to indicate
- that it's a description and not a title, but putting it in the
- \fieldname{type} field already ensures that it's formatted
- correctly, so I think I'm gonna be lazy on this one. The same
- applies more or less to reviews (G-1, 63, 64), although there
- it is logical to put at least ``Review'' in the \fieldname{type}
- field, so as we're already there, we might as well make it
- complete.
-\item \cite{ex62} \\ \cite{ex62}\\ \fullciteA{ex62}\\ \citeA{ex62}
-\item[G-1] \cite{G-1} \\ \cite{G-1} \\ \fullciteA{G-1} \\ \citeA{G-1}\\
- \EM See my comments to example 61 above about the logic of the
- \fieldname{type} field. For a review, the \fieldname{type}
- field must contain the message that it is a review of a
- \emph{book} (or motion picture, or whatever it is a review of)
- and give the title of the reviewed work in italics, which must
- be manually formatted, e.g., by using the \cmd{\APACcitebtitle}
- macro. The author of the reviewed work should apparently not be
- mentioned.
-\item \cite{ex63} \\ \cite{ex63}\\ \fullciteA{ex63}\\ \citeA{ex63}
-\item \cite{ex64} \\ \cite{ex64}\\ \fullciteA{ex64}\\ \citeA{ex64}
-\item \EM The rules for movies, television series, etc.\ do not appeal
- very much to me, although they are not nearly as bad as those
- for music recordings (ex.~69 and further, see below). My
- primary objection is that when referring to movies and TV series,
- the title is the most important characteristic. The director
- may be a good second in some cases, but producers and writers are
- almost always unknown to the general public and not relevant
- when referring to them. You talk about the movie \emph{Jaws}
- and not about Spielberg (1975) or whoever wrote the script.
- Recognizing the primary creative input or authorship may be
- politically correct, but not particularly informative.
- However, you may think that my objections are mainly
- driven by the difficulties of trying to format the entries
- in \BibTeX{}. Anyway, here are my attempts to implement
- the APA rules.\\
- \cite{ex65-1} \\ \cite{ex65-1}\\ \fullciteA{ex65-1}\\ \citeA{ex65-1} \\
- \cite{ex65-2} \\ \cite{ex65-2}\\ \fullciteA{ex65-2}\\ \citeA{ex65-2} \\
- \EM Note that this and the following ``Available from'' must be between
- parentheses (accomplished by putting it in the \fieldname{note} field),
- whereas ``Available from'' some web site must not be between
- parentheses, cf.\ ex.~95 (accomplished by putting it in the
- \fieldname{howpublished} field).
-
- \EM Here I also used the \cmd{\bibliteral} construction again, which
- was introduced in my discussion of 4.08 above.
- Furthermore, I used the \cmd{\bibskipbracenodot}
- macro, which suppresses the period after the closing
- brace after ``(Producer)''.\\
- \cite{ex65-3} \\ \cite{ex65-3}\\ \fullciteA{ex65-3}\\ \citeA{ex65-3}\\
- \EM Here, I simply let ``(Producer)'' be part of the author name,
- but because of this addendum, the entry is not sorted correctly
- in the reference list: It should be before \citeA{APAManual},
- but because of the addendum, the authors are different to \BibTeX{}
- and this one comes after \citeA{APAManual}. I don't see an easy
- solution to this (presumably extremely rare) problem. Therefore,
- in such a case, the \fname{.bbl} file should be edited manually.
-\item \cite{ex66} \\ \cite{ex66}\\ \fullciteA{ex66}\\ \citeA{ex66} \\
- \EM Here, I used the same tricks as in example 65.
-\item \cite{ex67} \\ \cite{ex67}\\ \fullciteA{ex67}\\ \citeA{ex67} \\
- \EM I used several tricks introduced before: the \cmd{\bibeditortype}
- (cf.\ ex.~36) construction to be able to use ``(Producer)'' in
- the editor position instead of ``(Ed.)'', and the ones used
- in the previous examples. Because there is another Miller as well,
- the initial is given here. To make sure that \BibTeX{} thinks
- that there is only one initial, but the ``(Producer)'' is formatted
- correctly, the name is defined as follows:
-\begin{verbatim}
- editor = {Miller, {\bibliteral{R\protect\bibeditortype{Producer}}}},
-\end{verbatim}
- It is then formatted correctly both in the text and in the reference
- list if \cmd{\bibeditortype} is defined to swallow its argument
- in the text, and redefined prior to the bibliography. After the
- bibliography (before the index), it has to be redefined again
- to swallow its argument. However, it leads to two different entries
- in the author index, so if you're requesting an author index,
- you still have to edit the \fname{.bbl} file manually, as with
- all such types of ``authors'' or ``editors''.
-\item \cite{ex68} \\ \cite{ex68}\\ \fullciteA{ex68}\\ \citeA{ex68}\\
- \EM Again, I used several tricks that were also used in the previous
- examples.
-\item \EM The rules for music recordings do not make any sense, and they
- are not entirely clear as well. It would seem to me that
- most pop, rock, and other ``light'' music songs are almost always
- attributed to the performing artist. You can usually read who the
- composer and lyricist of the song are on the inlay-details
- of the CD, but if you want the reader to refer to ``My Way'',
- the reader will easier find it (in a CD store or on the
- internet, for example) under ``Frank Sinatra'' than under
- the composer's name (whoever that may be). Furthermore, the
- year of release of the CD (or other medium) seems more relevant
- in referring to the CD than the year of copyright of the
- specific song, or the recording date.
-
- For classical music, things are different. Then, the writer (composer)
- is usually more important than the performing artist, although
- the percentage of people who know who wrote the lyrics for
- Mozart's operas may not be high. Furthermore, it may be
- time-consuming and not very relevant for most authors and
- readers to find the year in which a certain piece was written,
- although strictly speaking, we should use the ``date of copyright'',
- which is not relevant for a lot of classical music.
-
- However, when referring to Beethoven's 9th symphony, say, it will
- typically not be very informative to refer to a specific recording on a
- specific CD, unless that specific recording is the subject of interest,
- but then it would seem that the ``performing artist'' (conductor or
- orchestra) should take the role of ``author''. For example, when
- comparing a performance of this symphony conducted in 1975 by Masur with
- a performance of this symphony conducted in 1990 by Bernstein (assuming
- this exists), it does not seem logical to compare ``9th Symphony''
- (Beethoven, 1823a, tracks~1--4) with ``9th Symphony'' (Beethoven, 1823b,
- tracks~1--4), but more logical to compare Masur (1975) with
- Bernstein (1990).
-
- Finally, it seems a bit strange that the track number should be
- mentioned in text, but not in the reference list.
-
- Again, you may think that my objections are mainly
- driven by the difficulties of trying to format the entries
- in \BibTeX{}. Nevertheless, here are my attempts to implement
- the APA rules.\\
- \begin{tabular}{ll}
- \verb+\citeAsong+: & \citeAsong{ex69-1} \\
- \verb+\citesong+: & \citesong{ex69-1} \\
- \verb+\citesongNP+: & \citesongNP{ex69-1}\\
- \verb+\citeAsong+: & \citeAsong{ex69-2} \\
- \verb+\citesong+: & \citesong{ex69-2} \\
- \verb+\citesongNP+: & \citesongNP{ex69-2}
- \end{tabular}\\
- \EM I defined and used several macros, i.e., \verb+\citesong+
- and some variations. These cite a song as required by the APA
- (except for the relative placement of closing quotes and comma).
- For that, the \fieldname{key} field (and possibly \fieldname{firstkey})
- should contain the relevant information in the form of a protected
- \verb+\bibsong+ command:
-\begin{verbatim}
- key = {{\protect\bibsong{author}{year}{song title}{track info}}},
-\end{verbatim}
- Furthermore, I used some tricks to get the reference list
- entry right. I used the \entryname{incollection} type as
- a basis, with the CD title in the \fieldname{booktitle} field.
- At first sight, it seems natural to define
-\begin{verbatim}
- type = {CD},
-\end{verbatim}
- but with an \entryname{incollection}, the \fieldname{type}
- field is put after the title, not after the book title.
- I plan to change this for music-types (CD, record, etc.),
- but this is currently not yet implemented. This means that the
- ``[CD]'' description must be put in the \fieldname{booktitle}
- field, after the CD title and with explicit formatting
- commands:
-\begin{verbatim}
- booktitle = {Arkansas Traveler {\upshape[\uppercase{CD}]}},
-\end{verbatim}
- On the other hand, we can now use the \fieldname{type}
- field to put the recording artists in for the second example:
-\begin{verbatim}
- type = {Recorded by G. Bok, A. Mayo, \& E. Trickett},
-\end{verbatim}
- We have to change the ``In'' string to ``On''
- (``In'' a book versus ``On'' a CD). This is done with a
- macro similar to the \verb+\bibeditortype+ macro discussed
- in example 36. In this case, the macro is \verb+\bibInstring+,
- which has one argument. The macro changes the definition of
- the macro \verb+\BIn+ to the argument and then immediately changes
- the definition back to the old definition. So it makes a one-time
- change. Of course, the \verb+\bibInstring+ macro only works
- if it is executed \emph{before} the \verb+\BIn+ macro. The latter
- macro comes before the \fieldname{booktitle}, so
- \verb+\bibInstring+ must be added to a field that comes before
- that. I put it in the \fieldname{title} field:
-\begin{verbatim}
- title = {Over the Waterfall{\bibInstring{\BOn}}},
-\end{verbatim}
- where \verb+\BOn+ is defined by default as ``\BOn''.
- Finally, the recording date of the second example (1990) must
- be put in the \fieldname{note} field.
-
- Note that this is all trickery within the \LaTeX{} domain
- and the \fname{.bib} file, i.e., the user-definable and
- user-customizable area.
-\item \cite{ex70} \\ \cite{ex70}\\ \fullciteA{ex70}\\ \citeA{ex70}
-\item \cite{ex71-1} \\ \cite{ex71-1}\\ \fullciteA{ex71-1}\\ \citeA{ex71-1} \\
- \cite{ex71-2} \\ \cite{ex71-2}\\ \fullciteA{ex71-2}\\ \citeA{ex71-2} \\
- \EM Here and in almost all remaining examples, the
- ``Retrieved \ldots'' message must be put in the
- \fieldname{howpublished} field if it refers to an internet
- address or aggregated database. See the discussion of 4.15
- above for the use of \verb+\url+ and \verb+\bibnodot{.}+.
-\item \cite{ex72} \\ \cite{ex72}\\ \fullciteA{ex72}\\ \citeA{ex72}
-\item \cite{ex73} \\ \cite{ex73}\\ \fullciteA{ex73}\\ \citeA{ex73} \\
- \EM Note that the APA manual breaks a line \emph{after} a
- period instead of before. I take it that it's not very
- detrimental to use slightly different line breaking through
- the \pkg{url} package. Furthermore, the APA manual uses a
- typeface in which `1' (one) and `l' (ell) are not distinguishable.
- This requires some guessing of the correct url's. I think that this
- conflicts with their own stress on accuracy w.r.t.\ url's.
-
- \EM Note the subtle use of braces to get \emph{Homo sapiens}
- correctly formatted: The capital in \verb+\emph{Homo}+
- is retained by \BibTeX{}, whereas the capital in
- \verb+{\emph{Sapiens}}+ is changed into a lower case letter
- by \BibTeX{}, because of the extra pair of braces.
-\item \cite{ex74} \\ \cite{ex74}\\ \fullciteA{ex74}\\ \citeA{ex74}\\
- \EM As mentioned in section~\ref{sec:compat-backref}, I had
- to use some nasty code in the current document to have the
- bibliography entry of this reference formatted correctly
- when \pkg{backref} is loaded.
-\item \cite{ex75} \\ \cite{ex75}\\ \fullciteA{ex75}\\ \citeA{ex75}
-\item \cite{ex76} \\ \cite{ex76}\\ \fullciteA{ex76}\\ \citeA{ex76}
-\item \cite{ex77} \\ \cite{ex77}\\ \fullciteA{ex77}\\ \citeA{ex77}
-\item \cite{ex78} \\ \cite{ex78}\\ \fullciteA{ex78}\\ \citeA{ex78}
-\item \cite{ex79} \\ \cite{ex79}\\ \fullciteA{ex79}\\ \citeA{ex79}
-\item \cite{ex80} \\ \cite{ex80}\\ \fullciteA{ex80}\\ \citeA{ex80}
-\item \cite{ex81} \\ \cite{ex81}\\ \fullciteA{ex81}\\ \citeA{ex81}
-\item \cite{ex82} \\ \cite{ex82}\\ \fullciteA{ex82}\\ \citeA{ex82}
-\item \cite{ex83} \\ \cite{ex83}\\ \fullciteA{ex83}\\ \citeA{ex83} \\
- \EM Here and in the next example, both ``Paper presented \ldots''
- and ``Retrieved \ldots'' must be put in a single
- \fieldname{howpublished} field.
-\item \cite{ex84} \\ \cite{ex84}\\ \fullciteA{ex84}\\ \citeA{ex84}
-\item \cite{ex85} \\ \cite{ex85}\\ \fullciteA{ex85}\\ \citeA{ex85} \\
- \EM When referring to a message to a newsgroup, internet forum, etc.,
- use the \entryname{misc} type. Then define
-\begin{verbatim}
- type = {\bibmessage},
-\end{verbatim}
- and use the \fieldname{number} field when relevant. Furthermore,
- you should include a description like ``Message posted to ... ''
- in the \fieldname{howpublished} field. Then the entry is formatted
- correctly: If the message has a number, say 1, it reverts to
- ``\verb+[\bibmessage\ 1]+'', i.e., ``[Msg\ 1]'' with the default
- definition of \cmd{\bibmessage}. If there is no number, the
- type identifier is omitted (because it must be mentioned in the
- \fieldname{howpublished} field anyway). In both cases,
- however, the title is formatted as an article title, i.e., not
- italicized.
-\item \cite{ex86} \\ \cite{ex86}\\ \fullciteA{ex86}\\ \citeA{ex86}
-\item \cite{ex87} \\ \cite{ex87}\\ \fullciteA{ex87}\\ \citeA{ex87}
-\item \cite{ex88} \\ \cite{ex88}\\ \fullciteA{ex88}\\ \citeA{ex88}
-\item \cite{ex89} \\ \cite{ex89}\\ \fullciteA{ex89}\\ \citeA{ex89}
-\item \cite{ex90} \\ \cite{ex90}\\ \fullciteA{ex90}\\ \citeA{ex90} \\
- \EM Here, ``de Ridder'' may well be a Dutch name. If the APA
- manual is serious about its rule to format names as they
- should according to the rule of the country of origin,
- this name should then be formatted as ``De Ridder''.
-\item \cite{ex91} \\ \cite{ex91}\\ \fullciteA{ex91}\\ \citeA{ex91}
-\item \cite{ex92} \\ \cite{ex92}\\ \fullciteA{ex92}\\ \citeA{ex92}
-\item \cite{ex93} \\ \cite{ex93}\\ \fullciteA{ex93}\\ \citeA{ex93}\\
- \EM Strangely enough, the APA apparently does not find it necessary
- to give a retrieval date or more exact publication date for
- downloaded software, whereas it does require a retrieval date
- for downloaded papers.
-\item \cite{ex94} \\ \cite{ex94}\\ \fullciteA{ex94}\\ \citeA{ex94}\\
- \EM The example in the APA manual does not list a date, not even
- a ``n.d.''. Given the logic of the APA manual, this seems an error
- to me, so I added a ``\verb+\bibnodate+'' in the \fieldname{year}
- field, which becomes ``\bibnodate'' in the output. If it would
- really be the rule to omit the year, then it is not clear when
- a year must be omitted and when not, or replaced by ``n.d.''.
- Furthermore, formatting in both the \fname{.sty} file and
- the \fname{.bst} file would have to be adapted to anticipate
- a missing year. Currently, I assume that there should always
- be something that acts like a date (a year, an ``in press'',
- or a ``n.d.'').
-
- \EM To get the version number correctly formatted, I added the
- information and the correct formatting to the title field:
- \verb+{\upshape(\uppercase{V}ersion~4)}+. A version is a kind
- of edition, but it is more difficult to obtain the correct
- formatting if the \fieldname{edition} field would be used,
- because ``Version'' comes before the number and ``ed.'' after.
-\item \cite{ex95} \\ \cite{ex95}\\ \fullciteA{ex95}\\ \citeA{ex95}\\
- \EM Note that here, unlike ex.~44 and ex.~91,
- ``U.S.'' is omitted before ``Department of Health and Human
- Services''.
-\end{enumerate}
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%
-% Redefine commands that should be different in the bibliography.
-\renewcommand{\bibreftext}[2]{#1}%
-\renewcommand{\Dutchvon}[2]{#1}%
-\renewbibeditortype
-\def\bibskipbracenodot{\aftergroup\swallowdot}
-%
-% Dirty trick: request apacitex.bst if apacite is loaded with one of the
-% index options, and request apacite.bst otherwise.
-\makeatletter
-\if@APAC@index
- \bibliographystyle{apacitex}% with index option
-\else
- \bibliographystyle{apacite}% or without
-\fi
-\makeatother
-%
-% Solve the `#' problem of backref, see the backref section above.
-% This hack provided by Heiko Oberdiek.
-\ifbackrefloaded
- \catcode`\#=12\relax
-\fi
-%
-% Include the bibliography
-\bibliography{apa5ex}
-%
-% Reset the above hack.
-\ifbackrefloaded
- \catcode`\#=6\relax
-\fi
-%
-% Again redefine a command.
-\renewcommand{\bibeditortype}[1]{}%
-%
-% Include the author index if the index option is on.
-\printindex[autx]
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\end{document}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-% EOF apacite.tex
-
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/manifest.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/manifest.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 26d670ce0c1..00000000000
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/manifest.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-% \iffalse meta-comment
-%
-% This is file `manifest.txt'.
-%
-% Copyright 1994-2005 Erik Meijer and any individual authors listed
-% elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved.
-%
-% This file is part of the `apacite' package.
-% -------------------------------------------
-%
-% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
-% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
-% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
-% The latest version of this license is in
-% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
-% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
-% version 2003/12/01 or later.
-%
-% The list of all files belonging to the `apacite' package, with a
-% short description, is given in the file `manifest.txt'.
-%
-% \fi
-
-CONTENTS OF THE APACITE PACKAGE [2005/06/08]
-============================================
-
-apacite.sty -> The LaTeX citation package. This must
- be placed in a directory where TeX can find it;
-
-apacite.bst -> The BibTeX reference list style. This must be placed
- in a directory where BibTeX can find it;
-
-apacitex.bst -> The BibTeX reference list style with added author
- index support. This must also be placed in a directory
- where BibTeX can find it;
-
-apacite.tex -> Extensive user's manual and test of the apacite package;
-
-apacite.pdf -> The processed file apacite.tex, so you can read the manual
- without having to install the package first;
-
-apa5ex.bib -> The file with bibliographic information about the
- references in apacite.tex;
-
-manifest.txt -> The list of files belonging to the `apacite' package, with a
- short description;
-
-README -> A brief description of the package;
-
-
-Directory lang/
-===============
-
-This subdirectory contains files that contain language-specific
-modifications of apacite, mainly translations of terms like "and", "Ed.",
-etc., and have been written by apacite users that are (native) speakers
-of the languages involved. See the documentation for further details.
-The following files are currently available (note that most of these
-are also used for ``dialects'' in the sense of babel):
-
-dutch.apc -> dutch
-english.apc -> english
-german.apc -> german
-greek.apc -> greek
-ngerman.apc -> german (new orthography)
-swedish.apc -> swedish
-
-