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+% +--------------------------------------------------+
+% | Typeset this file to get the documentation. |
+% +--------------------------------------------------+
+%
+% Copyright (c) 1998-2005 by Javier Bezos.
+% All Rights Reserved.
+%
+% This file is part of the titlesec distribution release 2.6
+% -----------------------------------------------------------
+%
+% This program can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
+% of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from CTAN
+% archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either
+% version 1 of the License, or any later version.
+
+\def\fileversion{2.6}
+\def\docdate{January 22, 2005}
+
+\documentclass[a4paper]{ltxguide}
+\usepackage[sf,bf,compact,topmarks,calcwidth,pagestyles]{titlesec}
+\usepackage{titletoc}
+\def\gobble#1{}
+\def\cs#1{\expandafter\gobble\string\\#1}
+\makeatletter
+\newenvironment{desc}
+ {\if@nobreak
+ \vskip-\lastskip
+ \vspace*{-2.5ex}%
+ \fi
+ \decl}
+ {\enddecl}
+\makeatother
+
+\usepackage{textcomp,pslatex}
+\usepackage[linktocpage]{hyperref}
+
+\title{The \textsf{titlesec} and \textsf{titletoc}
+Packages\footnote{The \textsf{titlesec} package is currently at
+version 2.6. \copyright{} 1998--2005 Javier Bezos.
+The \textsf{titletoc} package is currently at
+version 1.5. \copyright{} 1999--2005 Javier Bezos. All Rights
+Reserved.}}
+
+\author{Javier Bezos\footnote{For bug reports, comments and
+suggestions go to \href{http://www.texytipografia.com/contact.php}%
+{http://www.texytipografia.com/contact.php},
+or to my postal address: Apartado 116.035, E-28080 Madrid, Spain.
+English is not my strong point, so contact me when you find mistakes
+in the manual. Other packages by the same author: \textsf{gloss}
+(with Jos\'e Luis D\'{\i}az), \textsf{accents, tensind, esindex,
+dotlessi}.}}
+
+\date{\docdate}
+
+\widenhead{2.1pc}{0pc}
+\titlelabel{\thetitle.\quad}
+
+\renewpagestyle{plain}[\small\sffamily\slshape]{
+ \footrule
+ \setfoot{}{\usepage}{}}
+
+\newpagestyle{myps}[\small\sffamily\slshape]{
+ \headrule
+ \sethead{Titlesec}{\sectiontitle}{\usepage}}
+
+\pagestyle{myps}
+
+\newcommand{\examplesep}{%
+ \begin{center}%
+ \rule{4pt}{4pt}%
+ \end{center}}
+
+\contentsmargin{0pt}
+\titlecontents{section}[1.8pc]
+ {\addvspace{3pt}\bfseries}
+ {\contentslabel[\thecontentslabel.]{1.8pc}}
+ {}
+ {\quad\thecontentspage}
+
+\titlecontents*{subsection}[1.8pc]
+ {\small}
+ {\thecontentslabel. }
+ {}
+ {, \thecontentspage}
+ [.---][.]
+
+\addtolength{\topmargin}{-3pc}
+\addtolength{\textwidth}{6pc}
+\addtolength{\oddsidemargin}{-2pc}
+\addtolength{\textheight}{7pc}
+
+\raggedright
+\parindent1em
+\parskip0pt
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\maketitle
+\tableofcontents
+\section{Introduction}
+
+This package is essentially a replacement---partial or total---for the
+\LaTeX{} macros related with sections---namely titles, headers and
+contents. The goal is to provide new features unavailable in current
+\LaTeX{}; if you just want a more friendly interface than that of
+standard \LaTeX{} but without changing the way \LaTeX{} works you may
+consider using \textsf{fancyhdr}, by Piet van Oostrum, \textsf{sectsty},
+by Rowland McDonnell, and \textsf{tocloft}, by Peter Wilson, which you
+can make pretty things with.
+
+Some of the new features provided are:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Different classes and ``shapes'' of titles, with tools for very
+fancy formats. You can define different formats for left and right
+pages, or numbered and unnumbered titles, measure the width of the
+title, add a new section level, use graphics, and many more. The
+Appendix shows a good deal of examples, so jump forward right now!
+
+\item Headers and footers defined with no |\...mark| intermediates,
+and perhaps containing top, first \emph{and} bot marks at the same time.
+Top marks correctly synchronized with titles, and without
+incompatibilities with the float mechanism. Decorative elements easily
+added, including picture environments.
+
+\item Pretty free form contents, with the possibility of grouping
+entries of different levels in a paragraph or changing the format
+of entries in the middle of a document.
+\end{itemize}
+\textsf{Titlesec} works with the standard classes and with many
+others, including the AMS ones, and it runs smoothly with
+\textsf{hyperref}.\footnote{However, be aware that the AMS classes
+reimplement the original internal commands. These changes will be
+lost here. The compatibility with \textsf{hyperref} has been tested
+with \textsf{dvips}, \textsf{dvipdfm} and \textsf{pdftex} but it's an
+unsupported feature. Please, check that your version of
+\textsf{hyperref} is compatible with \textsf{titlesec}.}
+
+As usual, load the package in the standard way with
+|\usepackage|. Then, redefine the sectioning commands with the
+simple, predefined settings (see section ``Quick Reference'') or with
+the provided commands if you want more elaborate formats (see section
+``Advanced Interface.'') In the latter case, you only need to
+redefine the commands you'll use. Both methods are available at the
+same time, but because |\part| is usually implemented in a
+non-standard way, it remains untouched by the simple settings and
+should be changed with the help of the ``Advanced Interface.''
+
+
+\section{Quick Reference}
+%~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The easiest way to change the format is by means of a set of package
+options and a couple of commands. If you feel happy with the
+functionality provided by this set of tools, you needn't go
+further in this manual. Just read this section and ignore the
+subsequent ones.
+
+\subsection{Format}
+
+There are three option groups controlling font, size and align. You
+need not set all of these groups, since a default is provided for each
+one; however, you must use at least an option from them if you want
+this ``easy setup.''
+\begin{desc}
+|rm sf tt md bf up it sl sc|
+\end{desc}
+Select the corresponding family/series/shape. Default is |bf|.
+
+\begin{desc}
+|big medium small tiny|
+\end{desc}
+Set the size of titles.
+Default is |big|, which gives the size of standard classes.
+With |tiny|, sections (except chapters) are typed in the text
+size. |medium| and |small| are intermediate layouts.
+
+\begin{desc}
+|raggedleft center raggedright|
+\end{desc}
+
+Control the alignment.
+
+\subsection{Spacing}
+
+\begin{desc}
+|compact|
+\end{desc}
+This option is independent from those above and reduces the spacing
+above and below the titles.
+
+\subsection{Tools}
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\titlelabel{<label-format>}|
+\end{desc}
+Changes the label format in sections, subsections, etc. A
+|\thetitle| command is provided which is respectively |\thesection|,
+|\thesubsection|, etc. The default value in standard classes is
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titlelabel{\thetitle\quad}
+\end{verbatim}
+and you may add a dot after the counter simply with
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titlelabel{\thetitle.\quad}
+\end{verbatim}
+That was done in this document.
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\titleformat*{<command>}{<format>}|
+\end{desc}
+
+This command allows to change the |<format>| of a sectioning
+command, as for example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titleformat*{\section}{\itshape}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\section{Advanced Interface}
+%~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Two commands are provided to change the title format. The first one
+is used for the ``internal'' format, i.~e., shape, font, label\dots,
+the second one defines the ``external'' format, i.~e., spacing before
+and after, indentation, etc. This scheme is intended to easy
+definitions, since in most of cases you will want to modify either
+spacing or format.\footnote{Information is ``extracted'' from the
+class sectioning commands, except for chapter and part. Standard
+definitions with |\cs{@startsection}| are presumed, and if an
+special procedure was followed an arbitrary value is provided, which
+you may change later. (Sadly, there is no way to catch the chapter or
+part formats, and one similar to that of standard classes will be
+used.)} That redefines existing sectioning commands, but
+does not create \emph{new} ones. New sectioning levels can be
+added with |\titleclass|, as described below, and then their format
+can be set with the commands described here.
+
+\subsection{Format}
+
+A set of shapes is provided, which controls the basic distribution of
+elements in a title. The available shapes are:
+\begin{description}
+\item[hang] is the default value, with a hanging label. (Like the
+standard |\section|.)
+
+\item[block] typesets the whole title in a block (a paragraph) without
+additional formatting. Useful in centered titles\,\footnote{The label
+will be slightly displaced to the left if the title is two or more
+lines long and the \texttt{hang} shape is used, except with explicit
+|\string\\|.} and special formatting (including graphic tools such as
+|picture|, |pspicture|, etc.)
+
+\item[display] puts the label in a separate paragraph. (Like the
+standard |\chapter|.)
+
+\item[runin] A run-in title. (Like the standard |\paragraph|.)
+
+\item[leftmargin] puts the title at the left margin. Titles at the
+very end of a page will be moved to the next one and will not stick
+out in the bottom margin, which means that large titles can lead to
+underfull pages.\footnote{However, floats following the title a couple
+of lines after will interfere with the page breaking used here and
+sometimes the title may stick out.} In this case you may increase the
+stretchability of the page elements, use |\raggedbottom| or use the
+package option |nobottomtitles| described below. Since the mechanism
+used is independent from that of the margin pars, they can overlap.
+A synonymous is |margin|.
+
+\item[rightmargin] is like |leftmargin| but at the right margin.
+
+\item[drop] wraps the text around the title, provided that the
+first paragraph is longer than the title (if not, they overlap).
+The comments in |leftmargin| also applies here.
+
+\item[wrap] is quite similar to drop. The only difference is that
+while the space reserved in drop for the title is fixed, in wrap is
+automatically readjusted to the longest line. The limitations
+explained below related to |calcwidth| also applies here.
+
+\item[frame] similar to display, but the title will be framed.
+\end{description}
+
+Note, however, that some shapes don't make sense in chapters and
+parts.
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\titleformat{<command>}[<shape>]{<format>}{<label>}{<sep>}{<before>}[<after>]|
+\end{desc}
+
+Here
+\begin{itemize}
+\item |<command>| is the sectioning command to be redefined, i.~e.,
+|\part|,
+|\chapter|, |\section|, |\subsection|, |\subsubsection|, |\paragraph|
+or |\subparagraph|.
+
+\item The paragraph shape is set by |<shape>|, whose possible
+values are those described above.
+
+\item |<format>| is the format to be applied to the whole
+title---label and text. This part can contain vertical material (but
+not always horizontal) which is typeset just after the space above the
+title.
+
+\item The label is defined in |<label>|. You may omit it if
+there is no section label at that level, but note that by removing
+it the number is not suppressed in the table of contents and
+running heads.
+
+\item |<sep>| is the horizontal separation between label and title
+body and must be a length (it cannot be left empty). This space is
+vertical in |display| shape; in |frame| it is the distance from text
+to frame. Both |<label>| and |<sep>| are ignored in starred versions
+of sectioning commands. If you are using |picture| and the like, set
+this parameter to 0 pt.
+
+\item |<before>| is code preceding the title body. The very last
+command can take an argument, which is the title
+text.\footnote{Remember that font size can be changed safely between
+paragraphs only, and that changes in the text should be made local with
+a group; otherwise the leading can be wrong---too large or too small.}
+
+\item |<after>| is code following the title body. The typeset
+material is in vertical mode with |hang|, |block| and |display|;
+in horizontal mode with |runin|. Otherwise is ignored.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\chaptertitlename|
+\end{desc}
+
+It defaults to |\chaptername| except in appendices where it
+is |\appendixname|. Use it instead of |\chaptername| when defining
+a chapter.
+
+\subsection{Spacing}
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\titlespacing*{<command>}{<left>}{<beforesep>}{<aftersep>}[<right>]|
+\end{desc}
+
+The starred version kills the indentation of the paragraph
+following the title, except in |drop|, |wrap| and |runin| where this
+possibility does not make sense.
+\begin{itemize}
+\item |<left>| increases the left margin, except in the |...margin|,
+and |drop| shape, where this parameter sets the title width, in
+|wrap|, the maximum width, and in |runin|, the indentation just before
+the title. With negative value the title overhangs.\footnote{This
+parameter is not equal to |<indent>| of |\cs{@startsection}|, which
+doesn't work correctly. With a negative value in the latter and if
+|<indent>| is larger than the label width, the first line of the title
+will start in the outer margin, as expected, but the subsequent lines
+will not; worse, those lines will be shortened at the right margin.}
+
+\item |<beforesep>| is the vertical space before the title.
+
+\item |<aftersep>| is the separation between title and text---vertical
+with |hang|, |block|, and |display|, and horizontal with |runin|,
+|drop|, |wrap| and |...margin|. By making the value negative, you may
+define an effective space of less than |\parskip|.\footnote{See
+Goossens, Mittelbach and Samarin: \textit{The \LaTeX{} Companion},
+Reading, Addison Wesley, 1993, p.~25.}
+
+\item The |hang|, |block| and |display| shapes have the
+possibility of increasing the |<right>| margin with this optional
+argument.
+\end{itemize}
+
+If you dislike typing the full skip values, including the |plus| and
+|minus| parameters, an abbreviation |*|$n$ is provided. In the
+|<beforesep>| argument this is equivalent to $n$ |ex| with some
+stretchability and a minute shrinkability. In the
+|<aftersep>| some stretchability (smaller) and no shrinkability.%
+\footnote{They stand for $n$ times |1ex plus .3ex minus .06ex| and
+|1ex plus .1ex|, respectively.} Thus, you can write
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*4}{*1.5}
+\end{verbatim}
+The lengths |\beforetitleunit| and |\aftertitleunit| are used
+as units in the |*| settings and you can change them if you don't like
+the predefined values (or for slight changes in the makeup, for
+example).
+
+\textbf{Notes.} |\titlespacing| does not work with neither |\chapter|
+nor |\part| unless you change its title format as well by means of
+|\titleformat|, the simple settings, or |\titleclass|. Arguments in
+|\titlespacing| must be dimensions; |\stretch| includes a command and
+hence raises an error.
+
+\subsection{Spacing related tools}
+
+These commands are provided as tools for |\titleformat| and
+|\titlespacing|.
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\filright \filcenter \filleft \fillast \filinner \filouter|
+\end{desc}
+
+Variants of the |\ragged...| commands, with slight differences. In
+particular, the |\ragged...| commands kills the left and right spaces
+set by |\titlespacing|.
+|\fillast| justifies the paragraph, except the last line which is
+centered.\footnote{Admittedly, a weird name, but it's short.} These
+commands work in the |frame| label, too.
+
+|\filinner| and |\filouter| are |\filleft| or |\filright| depending
+on the page. Because of the asynchronous \TeX{} page
+breaking, these commands can be used in |\chapter| only.
+If you want a general tool to set different formats depending
+on the page, see ``Extended settings'' below.
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\wordsep|
+\end{desc}
+
+The inter-word space of the current font.
+
+\begin{desc}
+|indentafter noindentafter| \quad (Package options)
+\end{desc}
+
+By-pass the settings for all of sectioning commands.%
+\footnote{Formerly |indentfirst| and |nonindentfirst|, now
+deprecated.}
+
+
+\begin{desc}
+|rigidchapters rubberchapters| \quad (Package options)
+\end{desc}
+
+With |rigidchapters| the space for chapter titles is always the same,
+and |<aftersep>| in |\titlespacing| does not mean the space from the
+bottom of the text title to the text body as described above, but from
+the \textit{top} of the text title, i.~e., |<beforesep>| $+$
+|<aftersep>| now is a fixed distance from the top of the page body to
+the main text. The default is |rubberchapters| where |<aftersep>| is
+the separation between title and text as usual. Actually, the name is
+misleading because it applies not only to the default chapter, but to
+any title of top class. (More on classes below.)
+
+\begin{desc}
+|bottomtitles nobottomtitles nobottomtitles*| \quad (Package options)
+\end{desc}
+
+If |nobottomtitles| is set, titles close to the bottom margin will
+be moved to the next page and the margin will be ragged. The minimal
+space required in the bottom margin not to move the title is set
+(approximately) by
+\begin{verbatim}
+\renewcommand{\bottomtitlespace}{<length>}
+\end{verbatim}
+whose default value is |.2\textheight|. A simple ragged bottom on the
+page before is obtained with a value of 0 pt. |bottomtitles| is the
+default, which simply sets |\bottomtitlespace| to a negative value.
+
+The |nobottomtitles*| option provides more accurate computations but
+titles of |margin|, |wrap| or |drop| shapes could be badly
+placed. Usually, you should use the starred version.
+
+\begin{desc}
+|aftersep largestsep| \quad (Package options)
+\end{desc}
+
+By default, when there are two consecutive titles the |<aftersep>|
+space from the first one is used between them. Sometimes that is not
+the desired behaviour, especially when the |<beforesep>| space is much
+larger than the |<aftersep>| one (otherwise the default seems
+preferable). With |largestsep| the largest of them is used.
+Default is |aftersep|.
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\\ \\*|\\
+|pageatnewline| \quad (Package option)
+\end{desc}
+
+\fbox{2.6} The package option \verb|pageatnewline| is for backward
+compatibility. In 2.6, \verb|\\| does not allow a page break and
+therefore is equivalent to \verb|\\*|. Since I presume none wants a
+page break inside a title, this has been made the default. If for
+some extrange reason you want to allow page breaks inside the titles,
+use the package option.
+
+\subsection{Rules}
+
+The package includes some tools for helping in adding rules and other
+stuff below or above the title. Since the margins in titles may be modified,
+these macros take into account the local settings to place rules properly.
+They also take into account the space used by marginal titles.
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\titleline[<align>]{<horizontal material>}|\\
+|\titlerule[<height>]|\\
+|\titlerule*[<width>]{<text>}|
+\end{desc}
+
+The |\titleline| command allows inserting a line, which may
+contain text and other ``horizontal'' material. It's intended
+mainly for rules and leaders but in fact is also useful for other
+purposes. The line has a fixed width and hence must be filled, i.e.,
+|\titleline{CHAPTER}| produces an underfull box. Here the optional
+|<align>| (|l|, |r| or |c|) helps, so that you simply type, say,
+|\titleline[c]{CHAPTER}|.%
+\footnote{The default is the \texttt{s} parameter of the
+\texttt{\cs{makebox}} command.}
+
+Using |\titleline| in places where vertical material is not expected
+can lead to anomalous results. In other words, you can use it in the
+|<format>| (always) and |<after>| (|hang|, |display| and |block|)
+arguments; and in the |display| shape at the very beginning of the
+|<before>| and |<label>| argument as well. But try it out, because
+it's very likely it works in other places.
+
+The |\titlerule| command, which is enclosed automatically in
+|\titleline| if necessary, can be used to build rules and
+fillers. The unstarred
+version draws rules of height .4 pt, or |<height>| if present.
+For example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titlerule[.8pt]%
+\vspace{1pt}%
+\titlerule
+\end{verbatim}
+draws two rules of different heights with a separation of
+1 pt.
+
+The starred version makes leaders with the |<text>|
+repeated in boxes of its natural width. The width of the boxes
+can be changed to |<width>|, but the first box remains with
+its natural width so that the |<text>| is aligned to the left
+and right edges of the space to be filled.
+
+For instance, with
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titleformat{\section}[leftmargin]
+ {\titlerule*[1pc]{.}%
+ \vspace{1ex}%
+ \bfseries}
+ {... definition follows
+\end{verbatim}
+leaders spanning over both main text and title precede the section.
+
+\begin{desc}
+|calcwidth| \quad (Package option)
+\end{desc}
+
+The |wrap| shape has the capability of measuring the lines in the title
+to format the paragraph. This capability may be extended to other
+three shapes---namely |display|, |block| and |hang|---with this
+package option. The length of the longest line is returned in
+|\titlewidth|.
+
+As far as \TeX{} is concerned, any box is considered typeset material.
+If the box has been enlarged with blank space, or if conversely a box
+with text has been smashed, the value of |\titlewidth| may be wrong
+(as far as humans is concerned). The |hang| shape, for instance, uses
+internally such a kind of boxes, but in this case this behaviour is
+desired when the title is flushed right; otherwise the |block| shape
+produces better results. In other words, using boxes whose natural
+width has been overridden may be wrong.\footnote{Which include
+justified lines, whose interword spacing has been enlarged.} Further,
+some commands may confuse \TeX{} and stop parsing the title. But if
+you stick to text, |\\| and |\\[...]| (and it's very unlikely you
+might want something else), there will be no problems. Another
+important point is that the |<before>|, |<label>|, |<sep>|, and
+|<title>| parameters (but not |<after>|) are evaluated twice at local
+scope; if you increase a counter \emph{globally}, you are increasing
+it twice. In most of cases, placing the conflicting assignment in the
+|<after>| parameter will be ok.\footnote{There are two further
+parameters, |\string\titlewidthfirst| and |\string\titlewidthlast|,
+which return the length of the first and last lines. There are not
+specific tools for using them, but you can assign their values to
+|\string\titlewidth| and then use |\string\titleline*|.}
+
+We now describe a variant of |\titleline|.
+\begin{desc}
+|\titleline*[<align>]{<horizontal material>}|
+\end{desc}
+The text will be enclosed first in a box of width |\titlewidth|; this box
+will be in turn enclosed in the main box with the specified alignment.
+There is no equivalent |\titlerule| and therefore you must enclose
+it explicitly in a |\titleline*| if you want the |\titlewidth| to
+be taken into account:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titleline*[c]{\titlerule[.8pc]}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{Breaks}
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\sectionbreak \subsectionbreak \subsubsectionbreak|\\
+|\paragraphbreak \subparagraphbreak|
+\end{desc}
+
+By defining these command with |\newcommand| different page breaks
+could be applied to different levels. In those undefined, a penalty
+with the internal value provided by the class is used (typically
+$-300$). For instance,
+\begin{verbatim}
+\newcommand{\sectionbreak}{\clearpage}
+\end{verbatim}
+makes sections begin a new page. In some layouts, the space
+above the title is preserved even if the section begins a new
+page; that's accomplished with:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\newcommand{\sectionbreak}{%
+ \addpenalty{-300}%
+ \vspace*{0pt}}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\fbox{2.6} Until now, \verb|\...break| was allowed only in the
+\verb|straight| class, but now it's available in the \verb|top| class,
+too. Suitable values would be \verb|\cleardoublepage| (the default if
+\verb|openright|) and \verb|\clearpage| (the default if
+\verb|openany|). Thus, you can override \verb|openright| by defining
+\verb|\chapterbreak| as \verb|\clearpage|, provided its class has been
+changed to \verb|top| (in this example, parts will continue with the
+\verb|openright| setting).
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\chaptertolists|
+\end{desc}
+
+\fbox{2.6} If defined, the usual white space written to lists (ie,
+List of Figures and List od Tables) is replaced by the code in this
+command. If you don't want the white space when a chapter begins,
+define it to empty. This command is not a general tool to control
+spacing in lists, and it's available only in titles of top class, so
+it will not work with the default chapters except if you change their
+class (on the other hand, |\...tolists| can be used in any title whose
+class is top).
+
+\subsection{Other Package Options}
+
+\begin{desc}
+|newparttoc oldparttoc| \quad (Package options)
+\end{desc}
+
+Standard parts write the toc entry number in a non standard way.
+You may change that with |newparttoc| so that \textsf{titletoc}
+or a similar package can manipulate the entry. (That works only if
+|\part| has been redefined.)
+
+\begin{desc}
+|clearempty| \quad (Package options)
+\end{desc}
+
+Modifies the behaviour of |\cleardoublepage| so that the |empty| page
+style will be used in empty pages.
+
+\begin{desc}
+|toctitles| \quad (Package option)
+\end{desc}
+
+\fbox{2.6} Changes the behaviour of the optional argument in
+sectioning titles so that it sets only the running heads and not the
+TOC entries, which will be based on the full title.
+
+\begin{desc}
+|newlinetospace| \quad (Package option)
+\end{desc}
+
+\fbox{2.6} Replaces every occurrence of \verb|\\| or \verb|\\*| in
+titles by a space in running heads and TOC entries. This way, you
+have not to repeat the title just to remove a formatting command.
+
+
+
+
+\subsection{Extended Settings}
+%~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The first argument of both |\titleformat| and |\titlespacing| has an
+extended syntax which
+allows to set different formats depending on the context.\footnote{%
+The \textsf{keyval} package is required for making use of it.} This
+argument can be a list of key/value pairs in the form:
+\begin{desc}
+|<key>=<value>, <key>=<value>, <key>, <key>,...|
+\end{desc}
+Currently, only pages and unnumbered versions are taken care of,
+besides the sectioning command name. Thus, the available keys are:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item |name|. Allowed values are |\chapter|, |\section|, etc.
+\item |page|. Allowed values are |odd| or |even|.
+\item |numberless|. A valueless key. It's not necessary unless you
+want to set different numbered (without this key) and unnumbered
+(with |numberless|) variants.
+\end{itemize}
+The basic form described above with the name of a sectioning
+command, say
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titleformat{\section} ...
+\end{verbatim}
+is in fact an abbreviation for
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titleformat{name=\section} ...
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Let's suppose that we'd like a layout with titles in the
+outer margin. We may set something like
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titleformat{name=\section,page=even}[leftmargin]
+ {\filleft\scshape}{\thesection}{.5em}{}
+
+\titleformat{name=\section,page=odd}[rightmargin]
+ {\filright\scshape}{\thesection}{.5em}{}
+\end{verbatim}
+Since the page information is written to the |aux| file, at
+least two runs are necessary to get the desired result.
+
+The ``number'' version is usually fine when generating unnumbered
+variants since removing the label is the only change required in most
+cases, but if you need some special formatting, there is the
+|numberless| key which defines an alternative version for sections
+without numbers (namely those with level below |secnumdepth|, in the
+front and back matters and, of course, the starred version). For
+instance
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titleformat{name=\section}{...% The normal definition follows
+\titleformat{name=\section,numberless}{...% The unnumbered
+% definition follows
+\end{verbatim}
+Neither |<label>| nor |<sep>| are ignored in |numberless|
+variants.
+
+These keys are available to both |\titleformat| and
+|\titlespacing|. By using |page| in one (or both) of them, odd and
+even pages will be formatted differently. Actually,
+``even'' and ``odd'' are well established \LaTeX{} terms, but
+misleading. In one side printing the ``odd'' pages refer
+to ``even'' pages as well (cf.\@ |\oddsidemargin|.)
+
+If you intend to create different odd/even \emph{and}
+different numbered/unnumbered versions, it's recommended defining
+the four variants.
+
+If you remove the page specifier from a sectioning command you
+must remove the |.aux| file.
+
+\subsection{Creating new levels and changing the class}
+
+While the shapes and the like modify the behaviour of titles related
+to the surrounding text, title classes allow to change the generic
+behaviour of them. With the help of classes you may insert, say, a
+new |subchapter| level between |chapter| and |section|, or creating a
+scheme of your own. \emph{Making a consistent scheme and defining all
+of related stuff like counters, macros, format and spacing is left to
+the responsibility of the user.} There are three classes: |page| is
+like the book |\part|, in a single page, |top| is like |\chapter|,
+which begins a page and places the title at the top, and |straight| is
+intended for titles in the middle of text.\footnote{There is an
+further class named |part| to emulate the article |\cs{part}|, but
+you should not use it at all. Use the |straight| class instead.
+Remember that some features rely in these classes and that
+\textsf{titlesec} does not change by default the definition of
+\texttt{\string\part} and \texttt{\string\chapter}.}
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\titleclass{<name>}{<class>}|\\
+|\titleclass{<name>}{<class>}[<sup-level>]|
+\end{desc}
+
+If you don't use the optional argument, you just change
+the |<class>| of |<name>|. For example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titleclass{\part}{straight}
+\end{verbatim}
+makes |part| of |straight| class.
+
+When the second form is used, the level number is the following of
+|<sup-level>|. For example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titleclass{\subchapter}{straight}[\chapter]
+\newcounter{subchapter}
+\renewcommand{\thesubchapter}{\Alph{subchapter}}
+\end{verbatim}
+creates a level under chapter (some additional code is shown as well,
+but you must add to it the corresponding |\titleformat| and
+|\titlespacing| settings).\footnote{Regarding counters, the
+\textsf{remreset} package can be useful.}
+If the chapter level is 0, then the subchapter one is 1; the levels
+below are increased by one (section is 2, subsection is 3, and so on).
+
+There are two sectioning commands which perform some extra actions
+depending of its name and ignoring the class:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item |\chapter| logs the string defined in |\chaptertitlename|
+ and the matter is taken into account.
+\item |\part| does not encapsulates the label in the toc entry,
+except if you use the |newparttoc| option.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\begin{desc}
+|loadonly| \quad (Package option)
+\end{desc}
+
+Now, you want create your sectioning commands from scratch.
+This package option ignores any previous definitions, if any,
+and hence removes the possibility of using the option described
+in ``Quick Reference.'' Then you use the \textsf{titlesec}
+tools, and define the corresponding counters and labels.
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\titleclass{<name>}[<top-num>]{<class>}|
+\end{desc}
+
+Here, the |<name>| title is considered the top level, with |<top-num>|
+level number (typically 0 or $-$1). It should be used only when
+creating sectioning commands from scratch with the help of |loadonly|,
+and there must be exactly one (no more, no less) declaration of this
+kind. After it, the rest of levels are added as explained above.
+
+\section{Additional Notes}
+%~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This part describes briefly some \LaTeX{} commands, useful
+when defining sectioning titles.
+
+\subsection{Fixed Width Labels}
+
+The |\makebox| command allows to use fixed width label, which
+makes the left margin of the actual title (not the label) to lie
+in the same place. For instance (only the relevant code is
+provided):
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titleformat{\section}
+ {..}
+ {\makebox[2em]{\thesection}}{..}{..}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+See your \LaTeX{} manual for further reference on boxing commands.
+
+\subsection{Starred Versions}
+\label{s:starred}
+
+The use of sectioning commands in the starred version is strongly
+discouraged. Instead, you can use a set of markup oriented commands
+which are easy to define and modify, if necessary. Thus, you can test
+different layouts before choosing amongst them.
+
+Firstly remember that if you say
+\begin{verbatim}
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{0}
+\end{verbatim}
+sections will be not numbered but they will be included in both toc
+and headers.
+
+Now, let's
+suppose that you want to include some sections with a special content;
+for example, a section (or more) with exercises. We will use an
+environment named |exercises| whose usage is:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\section{A section}
+Text of a normal section.
+
+\begin{exercises}
+\section{Exercises A}
+Some exercises
+
+\section{Exercises B}
+Some exercises
+\end{exercises}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+The following definition suppresses numbers but neither toc lines
+nor headers.
+\begin{verbatim}
+\newenvironment{exercises}
+ {\setcounter{secnumdepth}{0}}
+ {\setcounter{secnumdepth}{2}}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+The following one adds a toc line but headers will remain
+untouched:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\newenvironment{exercises}
+ {\setcounter{secnumdepth}{0}%
+ \renewcommand\sectionmark[1]{}}
+ {\setcounter{secnumdepth}{2}}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+The following one updates the headers but there will be
+no toc line:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\newenvironment{exercises}
+ {\setcounter{secnumdepth}{0}%
+ \addtocontents{toc}{\protect\setcounter{tocdepth}{0}\ignorespaces}}
+ {\setcounter{secnumdepth}{2}%
+ \addtocontents{toc}{\protect\setcounter{tocdepth}{2}\ignorespaces}}
+\end{verbatim}
+(I find the latter a bit odd in this particular example; the
+first and second options are more sensible. The |\ignorespaces|
+is not very important, and you needn't it unless there is
+unwanted space in the toc.)
+
+That works with standard classes, but if you are using
+\textsf{fancyhdr} or \textsf{titlesec} to define headers you need
+further refinement to kill the section number. In \textsf{titlesec}
+that's accomplished with |\ifthesection| (see below).
+
+As you can see, there are no |\addcontentsline|, no
+|\markboth|, no |\section*|, just logical structure. Of
+course you may change it as you wish; for example if you decide
+that these sections should be typeset in small typeface, include
+|\small|, and if you realize that you don't like that, remove it.
+
+While the standard \LaTeX{} commands are easier and more
+direct for simple cases, I think the proposed method above is
+far preferable in large documents.
+
+\subsection{Variants}
+
+Let's suppose we want to mark some sections as ``advanced topics''
+with an asterisk after the label.
+The following code does the job:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\newcommand{\secmark}{}
+\newenvironment{advanced}
+ {\renewcommand{\secmark}{*}}
+ {}
+\titleformat{\section}
+ {..}
+ {\thesection\secmark\quad}{..}{..}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+To mark the sections write
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{advanced}
+\section{...}
+...
+\end{advanced}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+That marks sections but not subsections. If you like being
+redundant and marking the subsection level as well, you must
+define it accordingly.
+
+\subsection{Putting a Dot after the Section Title}
+
+Today this styling is not used, but formerly it was fairly common.
+The basic technique was described above, but here is a reminder:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\newcommand{\periodafter}[1]{#1.}
+\titleformat{\section}
+ {..}
+ {\thesection}{..}{..\periodafter}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+If you had to combine that dot with some command (perhaps an
+underlining), you can say:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\newcommand{\periodafter}[2]{#1{#2.}}
+\titleformat{\section}
+ {..}
+ {\thesection}{..}{..\periodafter{\ul}} % \ul from soul package
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\section{Page Styles}
+%~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+As a part of this package a set of commands are provided for one-step
+headline and footline settings. Those page styles has been designed to work
+with sectioning related information; you shouldn't use to create
+headers with the first an last entry of a page in a dictionary,
+for example (you could, but it's more complicated than with
+\textsf{fancyhdr}).
+
+It works with standard classes and many others; however, additional
+\LaTeX{} layout
+adjustments could be necessary in some of them (for instance the
+\textsc{AMS} classes).\footnote{%
+Two columns layout requires the
+\textsf{fix2col} package by David Carlisle.} For using them,
+set the following package option:\footnote{The
+way page styles works have been reimplemented in full in release 2.3.
+However, in most of cases you won't notice it at all.}
+\begin{desc}
+|pagestyles|
+\end{desc}
+
+Once that has been done, you can define your own page styles
+and then activate them.\footnote{Page styles so defined cannot
+be used with \texttt{\string\thispagestyle} except if the surrounding
+page style has been defined with titlesec, too.}
+
+\subsection{Defining Page Styles}
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\newpagestyle{<name>}[<global-style>]{<commands>}|\\
+|\renewpagestyle{<name>}[<global-style>]{<commands>}|
+\end{desc}
+
+Defines a new style or redefines an existing one, named |<name>|.
+For convenience, end of lines are ignored, and you needn't ``hide''
+them with |%|.\footnote{Even if marks should be reserved to
+pass information to headers, some classes, like AMS ones, introduce additional
+code. When redefining the |plain| style of AMS classes, you must add the
+following line:
+|\cs{global}\cs{topskip}\cs{normaltopskip}|.}
+
+|<global-style>| is any command to be applied to both footlines and
+headlines. Fragile commands are allowed.
+
+In |<commands>| you can use (these commands are local to a page
+style, i.e., defining them directly in the preamble will
+not work because the page style settings will override them):
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\headrule \footrule|\\
+|\setheadrule{<length>} \setfootrule{<length>}|
+\end{desc}
+
+If you want a rule below the headline and above the footline. You may
+also set their width directly with the commands |\setheadrule| and
+|\setfootrule|. (For instance, |\setheadrule{.4pt}| which is, by the
+way, the default value.)
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\makeheadrule \makefootrule|
+\end{desc}
+
+These commands are used by \textsf{titlesec} to typeset the rules.
+If there is no rule, both commands are empty (this value is the
+default).
+|\setheadrule{d}| just stands for
+\begin{verbatim}
+\renewcommand{\makeheadrule}{\rule[-.3\baselineskip]{\linewidth}{d}}
+\end{verbatim}
+unless if |d| is 0 pt, which empties
+|\makeheadrule| (and similarly |\setfootrule|).
+
+You can access the total head/foot width with |\linewidth|
+but the box enclosing the rule is in fact dimensionless. Hence,
+you must be concerned with the rule placement only. Its
+baseline is the same than that of the head/foot. That means that the
+material to be used as rule should be raised or lowered with
+|\raisebox|, the lifting argument in |\rule| or by using sensible
+coordinates in |picture|, for instance. That makes easy to
+place material above \emph{and} below. For instance,
+the following code creates a headline with a black bold line
+above and a red rule below (the \textsf{color} package is required):
+\begin{verbatim}
+\renewcommand{\makeheadrule}{%
+ \makebox[0pt][l]{\rule[.7\baselineskip]{\linewidth}{0.8pt}}%
+ \color[named]{Red}%
+ \rule[-.3\baselineskip]{\linewidth}{0.4pt}}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Of course, the material to be used
+as rule is not restricted to actual rules; pictures and leaders, for
+instance, are allowed, too.
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\sethead[<even-left>][<even-center>][<even-right>]|\\
+| {<odd-left>}{<odd-center>}{<odd-right>}|\\
+|\setfoot[<even-left>][<even-center>][<even-right>]|\\
+| {<odd-left>}{<odd-center>}{<odd-right>}|
+\end{desc}
+
+Set the corresponding part in heads and foots. The optional arguments
+are all or none. If no optional arguments are given the odd-page
+settings applies to both even and odd pages. A couple of starred
+variant (|\setfoot*|, |\sethead*|) reverses the order of the settings
+for even pages (obviously, if you use them, the optional arguments are
+not allowed). In the arguments of |\sethead|/|\setfoot| and because
+of its one-step mechanism, we must distinguish between two groups of
+commands. The first one are those saved when the marks are sent, with
+information related to sections, and includes:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item |\thechapter|, |\thesection|\dots{}
+\item |\chaptertitle|, |\sectiontitle|\dots{} which print the
+chapter,
+section\dots{} title.
+\item |\ifthechapter{<true>}{<false>}|,
+ |\ifthesection{<true>}{<false>}|\dots{} which expands to |<true>|
+ except if the corresponding title lacks of label or there is
+ no title yet after the superior level (for example, between
+ |\chapter| and a subsequent |\section|).
+\item Any other command or value ``registered'' as ``mark.'' (See below.)
+\end{itemize}
+The second group are those expanded in every page, and includes:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item |\thepage|.
+\item Any other command not included in the previous items.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\setmarks{<primary>}{<secondary>}|
+\end{desc}
+Sets which |\...title| commands are to be defined, and when the marks
+are updated. For example
+|\setmarks{chapter}{section}|
+means that:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item |\chaptertitle| and |\sectiontitle| are the allowed titles in
+ heads,
+\item |\sectiontitle| is reset in |\chapter|,
+\item |\ifthechapter| and |\ifthesection| are valid tests, and
+\item Marks are updated in |\chapter| and |\section|.
+\end{itemize}
+By default it is
+|\setmarks{chapter}{section}| but |\setmarks{section}{subsection}| in
+\textsf{article} class. |\setmarks| may be used outside |\(re)newpagestyle|
+to set the default to be used in newly defined and redefined page styles.
+Use it before |\pagestyle|.
+
+Note that |\markboth| is a command to set the |myheadings| marks and
+here does not make sense. In fact, using it can lead to unpredictable
+results. Anyway, using directly the marking commands is discouraged
+(see sec.~\ref{s:starred}) but if you need them, you may use them
+as in:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\chapter*{My Chapter}
+\chaptermark{My Chapter}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{Additional Settings}
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\widenhead[<even-left>][<even-right>]{<odd-left>}{<odd-right>}|\\
+|\widenhead*{<even-right>/<odd-left>/}{<even-left>/<odd-right>}|
+\end{desc}
+
+Makes the head/foot lines wider. The extra width is asymmetrically
+added and hence the two [four] arguments. Like |\sethead|, the
+starred version reverses the setting for even pages---for example,
+|\widenhead*{0pt}{6pc}| is the same as
+|\widenhead[6pc][0pt]{0pt}{6pc}|.
+
+\subsection{Running heads with floats}
+
+\begin{desc}
+|psfloats| (Package option.)
+\end{desc}
+
+This package option activates the commands described in this section.%
+\footnote{It redefines some internal \LaTeX{} commands and there could be
+incompatibilities with other packages modifying the same commands. That's
+the very reason these commands are loaded only optionally.}
+
+\fbox{2.6} The commands below now have a new argument to allow
+extra stuff in running heads/foots. This change is backward
+compatible---just preserve the old name \verb|floatps|, which
+is deprecated.
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\setfloathead*{.}{.}{.}{<extra>}[<which-floats>]|\\
+|\setfloathead[.][.][.]{.}{.}{.}{<extra>}[<which-floats>]|\\
+(Similarly |\setfloatfoot|.)
+\end{desc}
+
+The arguments with a dot are similar to that of |\sethead|. The final
+argument says that that head is used when there is a float of
+the specified types (default is |tp| in headers, and |bp| in footers).
+For example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\newpagestyle{main}{%
+ \sethead ... your definition
+ \setfoot ... your definition
+ \headrule
+ \footrule
+ \setfloathead{}{}{}{\setheadrule{0pt}}[p]
+ \setfloatfoot{}{}{}{\setfootrule{0pt}}[p]}
+\end{verbatim}
+removes the header/footer on float pages, including the rules.
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\nextfloathead*{.}{.}{.}{<extra>}[<which-floats>]|\\
+|\nextfloathead[.][.][.]{.}{.}{.}{<extra>}[<which-floats>]|\\
+(Similarly |\nextfloatfoot|.)
+\end{desc}
+
+You may force a header (respectively footer) when a certain
+float is the first top (respectively last bottom) one with
+those commands, where the arguments with a dot are similar to
+that of |\sethead|, just before the corresponding float.
+Those commands are used by themselves, without putting them
+inside |\(re)newpagestyle|.
+
+\subsection{Marks}
+
+\begin{desc}
+|outermarks innermarks topmarks botmarks| \quad (Package options)
+\end{desc}
+
+|innermarks| is the default in \LaTeX, with bottom marks in even pages
+and first marks in odd pages. More convenient is |outermarks|, with
+top marks in even pages and bottom marks in odd pages; it's the more
+usual system in technical works and it's described in \textit{The
+\TeX{}book}, p.~259. Both of them are intended for two side printing;
+|topmarks|/|botmarks| are intended for one side printing with top/bot
+marks in every page (they can be used in two side printing as well).%
+\footnote{|outermarks| does not work well in conjunction with explicit
+|\string\<section>mark| commands. The top marks mechanism fails just
+after explicit page breaks.}
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\bottitlemarks \toptitlemarks \firsttitlemarks \nexttoptitlemark|\\
+|\outertitlemarks \innertitlemarks|
+\end{desc}
+
+One of the cooler features added to page styles is the possibility of
+selecting which marks are used in subsequent macros. These commands
+set from which mark the values of |\thesection|, |\sectiontitle|, etc.
+will be taken. You can use freely in your headers;\,%
+\footnote{Not exactly: top marks must not be used in the page where a
+chapter begins, except by overriding the default definition and making
+it of |top| class.} just for fun, the following header shows the
+section label from three of these marks:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\newpagestyle{funny}{
+ \sethead{Top is \toptitlemarks\thesection}
+ {First is \firsttitlemarks\thesection}
+ {Bot is \bottitlemarks\thesection}}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+|\outertitlemarks| is the default value when the |outermarks| package
+option is set, |\toptitlemarks| when |topmarks| is set, and so on.
+|\innertitlemarks| is the default value in \LaTeX{} and in this
+package if none of those option is used. A further set of marks is
+provided with |\nexttoptitlemarks| which provides a bottom mark with
+the values of the top mark of the next page (straight class only); by
+picking some value from it and comparing with the corresponding value
+of the |\bottitlemarks| you may know if a section continues in the
+next page. Of course, these commands will not be used very often.
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\newtitlemark{<macro-name>}|\\
+|\newtitlemark*{<variable-name>}|
+\end{desc}
+
+Add a macro or a variable to the list of ``marks'' to be saved.
+The macro must lack parameters, and the variable should be in \TeX{}
+form (which is the same in lengths but not in counters).
+
+\subsection{A couple of examples}
+
+Because of the way marks are handled, special constructions like this are
+allowed:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\newpagestyle{main}[\small\sffamily]{
+ \sethead [\textbf{\thepage}]
+ [\textsl{\chaptertitle}]
+ [[\toptitlemarks\thesection--\bottitlemarks\thesection]
+ {\toptitlemarks\thesection--\bottitlemarks\thesection]}
+ {\textsl{\sectiontitle}}
+ {\textbf{\thepage}}}
+\end{verbatim}
+As you can see, the range of sections in a page |\thesection| is
+printed in both left and right heads.
+Of course, this example should be fine tuned to collapse the
+ranges if there is a single section in a page, but it gives
+a hint of how to get stunning headers.
+
+In this document, the following styles are used:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\widenhead{2.1pc}{0pc}
+\renewpagestyle{plain}[\small\sffamily\slshape]{
+ \footrule
+ \setfoot{}{\thepage}{}}
+\newpagestyle{myps}[\small\sffamily\slshape]{
+ \headrule
+ \sethead{Titlesec}{\sectiontitle}{\thepage}}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+The following definitions provide page styles similar to
+those of Lamport's \LaTeX\ book (with the \textsf{calc}
+package):
+\begin{verbatim}
+\widenhead*{0pt}{\marginparsep + \marginparwidth} % symmetrically
+\renewpagestyle{plain}{}
+\newpagestyle{latex}[\bfseries]{
+ \headrule
+ \sethead[\thepage][][\chaptertitle]
+ {\thesection\ \sectiontitle}{}{\thepage}}
+\pagestyle{latex}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\section{Final comments}
+%~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item A last minute change ---but of course!---
+introduced a bug in version 2.0 which added unwanted
+space before |\titleline|. The manual suggested
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titleline{\hrulefill}%
+\vspace{1pt}%
+\titleline{\hrulefill}%
+\end{verbatim}
+as a way to insert to rules spaced by 1 pt, but in fact the space was
+a lot larger. That was fixed in version 2.1 and hence there is a
+backward incompatibility. As a solution, I strongly recommend to
+modify the commands to readjust the spacing, but if for some reason
+the files have to be preserved in the current state, you can create a
+style file with the following code:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\def\ttl@line[#1]#2{%
+ \par\hrule height \z@
+ \nobreak
+ \begingroup
+ \parindent\z@
+ \leftskip\z@
+ \rightskip\z@
+ \makebox[\hsize][#1]{\ttl@makeline{#2}}%
+ \par
+ \endgroup
+ \hrule height \z@
+ \nobreak}
+\end{verbatim}
+and then add an |\usepackage| loading it. Don't use
+that in new files.
+
+\item Only a |\footnote| command is allowed in titles, but it
+will work. However, the footnote mark is not removed from
+toc entries or running headings; for that use
+\begin{verbatim}
+\usepackage[stable]{footmisc}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\item The page styles has been reimplemented in full in version 2.3.
+Most of previous definition will work with the current code, even if
+many things have changed. In particular, headers using just |\the...|
+and |\...title| commands, besides |\usepage| and formatting commands
+still work. Now, pagestyles should be loaded explicitly with the
+|pagestyles| option, but if it is not given and the three basic
+commands are used, the page styles macros are loaded with a warning.
+The new code overcomes the limitations of previous releases, fixes
+some bugs (the incompatibility between top marks and floats, for
+example), and adds new features.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\section{Contents: The \textsf{titletoc} package}
+% ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This package is a companion to the \textsf{titlesec} package and it
+handles
+toc entries. However, it's an independent package and you can use
+it alone. The philosophy is similar to that of \textsf{titlesec}---instead
+of hooking the commands as defined by standard \LaTeX{} and classes,
+there are new commands which you can format the toc entries with
+in a generic way. That means that you have to learn just
+two new basic command and a couple of tools, no more, and that you have access
+to
+new features. Paragraph format
+and fonts are set with commands like |\\|,
+|\makebox|,
+|\large|, |\itshape|, and so on, and entries are not shaped in any
+fashion because they are pretty free form.
+
+The behaviour of entries
+defined with \textsf{titletoc} are different at some points
+to that created with the standard commands. In particular:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Pages are never broken between entries if the first one is
+of an higher level than the second one as, for instance, between
+a section and a subsection. If both of them are of the same
+level, the break is allowed, and if the first is lower than
+the second, it's considered a good place for a page break.
+
+\item The symbols in the leaders are not centered but flushed
+right. That is usually more convenient.
+\end{itemize}
+
+I would like to note that no attempt to handle tocs can be complete
+because the standard \LaTeX{} commands write directly some formatting
+commands which cannot be removed. This is particularly important in
+lists of figures and tables, and in the |\part| command.\footnote{But
+some of these issues are fixed by \textsf{titlesec}.}
+
+\subsection{A ten-minute guide to \textsf{titletoc}}
+
+Toc entries are treated as rectangular areas where the text
+and probably a filler will be written. Let's draw such an
+area (of course, the lines themselves are not printed):
+\setlength{\unitlength}{1cm}
+\begin{center}
+\begin{picture}(8,2.2)
+\put(1,1){\line(1,0){6}}
+\put(1,2){\line(1,0){6}}
+\put(1,1){\line(0,1){1}}
+\put(7,1){\line(0,1){1}}
+\put(0,.7){\vector(1,0){1}}
+\put(8,.7){\vector(-1,0){1}}
+\put(0,.2){\makebox(1,.5)[b]{\textit{left}}}
+\put(7,.2){\makebox(1,.5)[b]{\textit{right}}}
+\end{picture}
+\end{center}
+
+The space between the left page margin and the left edge of
+the area will be named |<left>|; similarly we have |<right>|.
+You are allowed to modify the beginning of the first line and
+the ending of the last line. For example by ``taking up'' both
+places with |\hspace*{2pc}| the area becomes:
+\begin{center}
+\begin{picture}(8,2.2)
+\put(1,1){\line(1,0){5.5}}
+\put(6.5,1){\line(0,1){.5}}
+\put(6.5,1.5){\line(1,0){.5}}
+\put(1.5,2){\line(1,0){5.5}}
+\put(1,1.5){\line(1,0){.5}}
+\put(1.5,1.5){\line(0,1){.5}}
+\put(1,1){\line(0,1){.5}}
+\put(7,1.5){\line(0,1){.5}}
+\put(0,.7){\vector(1,0){1}}
+\put(8,.7){\vector(-1,0){1}}
+\put(0,.2){\makebox(1,.5)[b]{\textit{left}}}
+\put(7,.2){\makebox(1,.5)[b]{\textit{right}}}
+\end{picture}
+\end{center}
+And by ``clearing'' space in both places with |\hspace*{-2pc}|
+the area becomes:
+\begin{center}
+\begin{picture}(8,2.2)
+\put(1,1){\line(1,0){6.5}}
+\put(7.5,1){\line(0,1){.5}}
+\put(7.5,1.5){\line(-1,0){.5}}
+\put(.5,2){\line(1,0){6.5}}
+\put(1,1.5){\line(-1,0){.5}}
+\put(.5,1.5){\line(0,1){.5}}
+\put(1,1){\line(0,1){.5}}
+\put(7,1.5){\line(0,1){.5}}
+\put(0,.7){\vector(1,0){1}}
+\put(8,.7){\vector(-1,0){1}}
+\put(0,.2){\makebox(1,.5)[b]{\textit{left}}}
+\put(7,.2){\makebox(1,.5)[b]{\textit{right}}}
+\end{picture}
+\end{center}
+
+If you have seen tocs, the latter should be familiar to you--
+the label at the very beginning, the page at the very end:
+\begin{verbatim}
+ 3.2 This is an example showing that toc
+ entries fits in that scheme . . . . 4
+\end{verbatim}
+
+All you need is to put these elements in the right way. If you have
+reserved the space with |\hspace*{-2pc}|, simply put a box 2 pc
+width
+containing the section label or page so that this space will be
+retrieved; this layout is used so often that two commands are provided
+which does that for you:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item |\contentslabel{<length>}| creates the space at the beginning
+and
+ prints the section number.
+\item |\contentspage| creates a space at the end of length |<right>|
+ and prints the page number aligned at the right.
+\end{itemize}
+
+Now, we are about to show the three basic commands:
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\dottedcontents{<section>}[<left>]{<above>}|\\
+| {<label width>}{<leader width>}|
+\end{desc}
+
+Here:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item |<section>| is the section name without backslash: |part|,
+ |chapter|, |section|, etc. |figure| and |table| are allowed, too.
+ (The backlash is omitted because we are dealing with the concept
+ and not the |\part|, |\section|, etc. macros themselves.
+ Furthermore, |figure| and |table| are environments.)
+
+\item |<above>| is code for the global formatting of the entry.
+ Vertical material is allowed. At this point the value of
+ |\thecontentslabel| (see below) is known which enables you to
+ take decisions depending on its value (with the help of
+ the \textsf{ifthen} package). You may use the \textsf{titlesec}
+ |\filleft|, |\filright|, |\filcenter| and |\fillast| commands.
+
+\item |<left>| even if bracketed is currently mandatory and it
+ sets the left margin from the left page margin.
+
+\item |<label width>| is the width of the space created for the label,
+ as described above.
+
+\item |<leader width>| is the width of the box containing the char to
+ be used as filler, as described below.
+\end{itemize}
+
+The definitions for section and subsection entries in the \textsf{book}
+class are roughly equivalent to:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\contentsmargin{2.55em}
+\dottedcontents{section}[1.5em]{}{2.3em}{1pc}
+\dottedcontents{subsection}[3.8em]{}{3.2em}{1pc}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\titlecontents{<section>}[<left>]{<above>}|\\
+| {<before with label>}{<before without label>}|\\
+| {<filler and page>}[<after>]|
+\end{desc}
+
+Here |<section>|, |<left>| and |<above>| like above, and
+\begin{itemize}
+\item |<before with label>| is in horizontal mode and it will
+ be used just before the entry title. As in |\titleformat|, the
+ last command can take an argument with the title.
+
+\item |<before without label>| is like the above if there is, well,
+ no label.
+
+\item|<filler and page>| is self explanatory. Fillers are created
+with the |\titlerule| command which is shared by that package and
+\textsf{titlesec}. However, when used in this context its behaviour
+changes a little to fit the needs of toc leaders.\footnote{For
+\TeX{}nicians, the default |\cs{xleaders}| becomes
+|\cs{leaders}|.} You might prefer a |\hspace| instead.
+
+\item And finally |<after>| is code following the entry for, say,
+ vertical space.
+\end{itemize}
+
+When defining entries, use |\addvspace| if you want to add vertical
+space, and |\\*| instead of |\\| for line breaks.
+
+This command can be used in the middle of a document to change
+the format of toc/lot/lof entries at any point. The new format is
+written to the toc file and hence two runs are necessary to
+see the changes.
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\contentsmargin{<right>}|
+\end{desc}
+
+The value set is used in all of sections. If you are wondering
+why, the answer is quite simple: in most of cases the |<right>|
+margin will be constant. However, you are allowed to change
+it locally in the |<before>| arguments. Note as well that
+the default space in standard classes does not leave room to
+display boldfaced page number above 100 and therefore you
+might want to set a larger margin with this command.
+
+The \textsf{book} class formats section entries
+similarly (but not equally) to:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titlecontents{section}
+ [1.5em]
+ {}
+ {\contentslabel{2.3em}}
+ {\hspace*{-2.3em}}
+ {\titlerule*[1pc]{.}\contentspage}
+\end{verbatim}
+Compare this definition with that given above and you will
+understand how |\dottedcontents| is defined.
+
+Although standard classes use font dependent units (mainly em),
+it's recommended using absolute ones (pc, pt, etc.)
+
+
+\subsection{And more}
+
+Strict typographical rules state that full text lines shouldn't
+surpass the last dot of the leaders; ideally they should be aligned.
+Surprisingly enough, \TeX{} lacks of a tool for doing that
+automatically---when you fill a box with leading dots, they can be
+centered in the box with the |\cleaders| primitive , ``justified''
+with |\xleaders| or aligned with the outermost enclosing box with
+|\leaders|, but there is no way to align them with the ``current''
+margin.
+
+So, the only way to get a fine layout is by hand. To do , you can
+use the an optional argument in the |\contentsmargin| command whose
+syntax in full is the following:
+\begin{desc}
+|\contentsmargin[<correction>]{<right>}|
+\end{desc}
+
+The |<correction>| length is added to the |<right>| one in all of lines
+except the last one, where the leaders are placed. For instance, if
+the text lines are 6 pt longer than the last dot, you should rewrite the
+|\contentsmargin| command to add a |<correction>| of 6 pt.%
+\footnote{Usefully, many dvi previewers allow to get the coordinates of
+the pointed location.} Unlike the standard \LaTeX{} tools, the
+|\titlerule*| command has been designed so the |<correction>|
+will have the minimum value possible.
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\thecontentslabel \thecontentspage|
+\end{desc}
+
+Contains the text with the label and the page with no additional
+formatting, except written by the class.
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\contentslabel[<format>]{<space>}|\\
+|\contentspage[<format>]|
+\end{desc}
+
+As described above, but with different |<format>|s. The defaults are
+just |\thecontentslabel| and |\thecontentspage|, respectively.
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\contentspush{<text>}|
+\end{desc}
+
+Prints the |<text>| and increases
+|<left>| by the width of |<text>|. is similar to
+the hang shape of \textsf{titlesec}.
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\titlecontents*{<section>}[<left>]{<above>}|\\
+| {<before with label>}{<before without label>}|\\
+| {<filler and page>}[<separator>]|\\[3pt]
+| |\textit{or ...}|{<filler and page>}[<separator>][<end>]|\\
+| |\textit{or ...}|{<filler and page>}[<begin>][<separator>][<end>]|
+\end{desc}
+
+This starred version groups the entries in a single paragraph.
+The |<separator>| argument is the separator between entries, and
+there is a further optional argument with an ending
+punctuation. For example, this document sets:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titlecontents*{subsection}[1.5em]
+ {\small}
+ {\thecontentslabel. }
+ {}
+ {, \thecontentspage}
+ [.---][.]
+\end{verbatim}
+whose result is showed in the contents at the very beginning of
+this document. Note the paragraph format must be written in
+the |<above>| argument.
+
+Let's explain how the optional arguments works. First note the
+number of them determines their meaning---since there should be a
+separator between entries this one is always present; on the other
+hand, |<begin>| is rarely used and hence it has the lowest
+``preference.'' The simplest case is when the titles are of the same
+level; in this case the |<sep>| and the |<end>| parameters (which default to
+empty) are inserted between consecutive entries and at the end of the
+block, respectively. |<before>| is executed just once at the very
+beginning of the block and its declarations are local to the whole set
+of entries.
+
+Let's now suppose we want to group entries of two levels; in this
+case a nesting principle applies. To fix ideas, we will use section
+and subsection. When a subsection entry begins after a section one,
+|<before>| is executed and |<begin>| of subsection is
+inserted, which should contain text format only. Then subsections are
+added inserting separators as explained above. When a section
+arrives, the ending punctuation of subsection and the separator of
+section is added (except if the block is finished by a subsection,
+where the ending of section is added instead). We said ``after a
+section'' because a subsection never begins a block.\footnote{In rare
+cases that could be necessary, yet.} The
+subsection entries are nested inside the section ones, and
+declarations are again local.
+
+An example will illustrate that.
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titlecontents*{section}[0pt]
+ {\small\itshape}{}{}
+ {}[ \textbullet\ ][.]
+
+\titlecontents*{subsection}[0pt]
+ {\upshape}{}{}
+ {, \thecontentspage}[ (][. ][)]
+\end{verbatim}
+produces something similar to:
+$$\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
+\small\itshape The first section \textbullet\ The second one \textbullet\
+The third one {\upshape(A subsection in it, 1. Another, 2)} \textbullet\ A
+fourth section {\upshape(A subsection in it, 1. Another, 2)}.
+\end{minipage}$$
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\contentsuse{<name>}{<ext>}|
+\end{desc}
+
+Makes \textsf{titletoc} aware of the existence of a contents file with
+|<ext>| extension. Mainly, it makes sure that the command
+|\contentsfinish| is added at the end of the corresponding
+contents (and which must be added at the end of tocs made by hand).
+The package performs
+\begin{verbatim}
+\contentsuse{figure}{lof}
+\contentsuse{table}{lot}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+% \begin{desc}
+% |\titlelevels{<top>}{<level-list>}|
+% \end{desc}
+%
+% If you are not using \textsf{titlesec}, this command modifies
+% the list of level names. Only necessary if you have been devised
+% your own scheme of titles.
+
+\begin{desc}
+|leftlabels rightlabels| \quad (Package options)
+\end{desc}
+
+These package options set how the labels are aligned in
+|\contentslabel|.
+Default is |rightlabels|. With |leftlabels| the default |<format>| for
+|\contentslabel| becomes |\thecontenstlabel\enspace|.
+
+\begin{desc}
+|dotinlabels| \quad (Package option)
+\end{desc}
+
+With this package option, a dot is added after the label in
+|\contentslabel|.
+
+\subsection{Partial TOC's}
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\startcontents[<kind>]|
+\end{desc}
+
+At the point where this command is used, a partial toc begins.
+The |<kind>| argument allows different sets of tocs and it
+defaults to |default|. These sets may be intermingled, but usually
+will be nested. For example, you may want two kinds of partial tocs:
+by part and by chapter (besides the full toc, of course). When
+a part begins, write |\startcontents[parts]|, and when a chapter
+|\startcontents[chapters]|. This way a new toc is started at
+each part and chapter.\footnote{\emph{All} partial tocs are
+stored in a single file with extension |.ptc|.}
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\stopcontents[<kind>]|\\
+|\resumecontents[<kind>]|
+\end{desc}
+
+Stops the partial toc of |<kind>| kind, which may be resumed.
+Since partial contents are stopped by |\startcontents| if necessary,
+you won't use those macros very often.
+
+\begin{desc}
+|\printcontents[<kind>]{<prefix>}{<top>}{<init-code>}|
+\end{desc}
+
+Print the current partial toc of |<kind>| kind. The format
+of the main toc entries are used, except if there is a |<prefix>|.
+In such a case, the format of |<prefix><level>| is used, provided
+it is defined. For example, if prefix is |l| and the format of
+|lsection| is defined, then this definition will be used; otherwise,
+the format is that of |section|. The |<top>| parameter sets the
+top level of the tocs---for a part toc it would be |0| (chapter), for a
+chapter toc |1| (section), and so on. Finally, |<init-code>| is
+local code for the current toc; it may be used to change the
+|tocdepth| value or |\contentsmargin|, for instance.
+
+A simple usage might look like (provided you are using
+\textsf{titlesec} as well):
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titleformat{\chapter}[display]
+ {...}{...}{...} % Your definitions come here
+ [\vspace*{4pc}%
+ \startcontents
+ \printcontents{l}{1}{\setcounter{tocdepth}{2}}]
+
+\titlecontents*{lsection}[0pt]
+ {\small\itshape}{}{}
+ {}[ \textbullet\ ][.]
+\end{verbatim}
+The included entries are those in the level from 1 to 2 inclusive.
+
+\subsection[Partial lists]{Partial lists \normalfont\normalsize\fbox{2.6}}
+
+You may want to create partial LOFs and LOTs. The systax is similar to
+that of partial TOCs and what was said for them can be applied here.
+The commands are:
+\begin{desc}
+|\startlist[<kind>]{<list>}|\\
+|\stoplist[<kind>]{<list>}|\\
+|\resumelist[<kind>]{<list>}|\\
+|\printlist[<kind>]{<list>}{<prefix>}{<init-code>}|
+\end{desc}
+
+Here |<list>| is either |lof| or |lot|. Note as well |\printlist|
+does not have the |<top>| argument, because figures and tables have
+not levels. Currently (version 2.6), only these two floats are
+supported, but in a future release support for more kinds of floats
+will be added. Unfortunately, many classes write some formatting
+commands to these lists (more precisely, \verb|\addvspace|s in
+chapters); I'm still not sure how to remove these commands without
+removing as well others which can be wanted, but for the time being a
+quick trick to remove these spaces is to redefine \verb|\addvspace| in
+the |<init-code>| with |\renewcommand\addvspace[1]{}|.
+
+\subsection{Examples}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titlecontents{chapter}
+ [0pt]
+ {\addvspace{1pc}%
+ \itshape}%
+ {\contentsmargin{0pt}%
+ \bfseries
+ \makebox[0pt][r]{\huge\thecontentslabel\enspace}%
+ \large}
+ {\contentsmargin{0pt}%
+ \large}
+ {\quad\thepage}
+ [\addvspace{.5pc}]
+\end{verbatim}
+
+The chapter number is out at the edge of the page margin, in a font
+larger than the font of the title. If the chapter lacks of number
+(because, say, it is the preface or the bibliography) it is not
+boldfaced. The page number follows the title without fillers, but
+after an em-space.
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titlecontents{chapter}
+ [3pc]
+ {\addvspace{1.5pc}%
+ \filcenter}
+ {CHAPTER \thecontentslabel\\*[.2pc]%
+ \huge}
+ {\huge}
+ {} % That is, without page number
+ [\addvspace{.5pc}]
+\end{verbatim}
+
+The chapter title is centered with the chapter label on top
+of it. There is no page number.
+
+\subsection{Inserting a figure in the contents}
+
+The |\addtocontents| command is still available and you may use
+it to perform special operation, like inserting a figure just before
+or after of an entry. Sadly, fragile
+arguments are not allowed and writing complex code could be a mess.
+The trick is to define a command to perform the required operations
+which in turn is written with |\protect|.
+
+Let's suppose that we want to insert a figure before an entry.
+\begin{verbatim}
+\newcommand{\figureintoc}[1]{
+ \begin{figure}
+ \includegraphics{#1}%
+ \end{figure}}
+\end{verbatim}
+makes the dirty work.
+
+In the place where a figure is inserted write:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\addtocontents{\protect\figureintoc{myfig}}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{Marking entries with asterisks}
+
+Let's now resume a problem explained in relation with
+\textsf{titlesec}: marking sections with asterisks to
+denote an ``advanced topic'' unless that the star should
+be printed in the toc as well. Here is the code:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\newcommand{\secmark}{}
+\newcommand{\marktotoc}[1]{\renewcommand{\secmark}{#1}}
+\newenvironment{advanced}
+ {\renewcommand{\secmark}{*}%
+ \addtocontents{toc}{\protect\marktotoc{*}}}
+ {\addtocontents{toc}{\protect\marktotoc{}}}
+\titleformat{\section}
+ {..}
+ {\thesection\secmark}{..}{..}
+\titlecontents{section}[..]{..}
+ {\contentslabel[\thecontentslabel\secmark]{1.5pc}}{..}{..}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\section{The \textsf{titlesec} philosophy}
+
+Once you have read the documentation it should be clear that this
+is not a package for the casual user who likes the standard
+layout and wants to make simple changes. This is a tool for the
+serious typographer that has a clear idea of what layout wants
+and don't have the skill to get it. No attempt is made to improve
+your taste in section formatting.
+
+\section{Appendix}
+
+The following examples will be illustrative. In this part, the
+|\parskip| is 0 pt.
+
+\begingroup
+
+\addtocontents{toc}{\protect\setcounter{tocdepth}{-1}\ignorespaces}
+\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}
+
+\examplesep
+
+\titleformat{\section}[block]
+ {\normalfont\bfseries\filcenter}{\fbox{\itshape\thesection}}{1em}{}
+
+\section[Appendix]{This is an
+example of the section command defined below and, what's more, this
+is an example of the section command defined below}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titleformat{\section}[block]
+ {\normalfont\bfseries\filcenter}{\fbox{\itshape\thesection}}{1em}{}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\examplesep
+
+\titleformat{\section}[frame]
+ {\normalfont}
+ {\filright
+ \footnotesize
+ \enspace SECTION \thesection\enspace}
+ {8pt}
+ {\Large\bfseries\filcenter}
+
+\section[Appendix]{A framed title}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titleformat{\section}[frame]
+ {\normalfont}
+ {\filright
+ \footnotesize
+ \enspace SECTION \thesection\enspace}
+ {8pt}
+ {\Large\bfseries\filcenter}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\examplesep
+
+\titleformat{\section}
+ {\titlerule
+ \vspace{.8ex}%
+ \normalfont\itshape}
+ {\thesection.}{.5em}{}
+
+\section[Appendix]{A Ruled Title}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titleformat{\section}
+ {\titlerule
+ \vspace{.8ex}%
+ \normalfont\itshape}
+ {\thesection.}{.5em}{}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\examplesep
+
+\titleformat{\section}[block]
+ {\normalfont\sffamily}
+ {\thesection}{.5em}{\titlerule\\[.8ex]\bfseries}
+
+\section[Appendix]{Another Ruled Title}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titleformat{\section}[block]
+ {\normalfont\sffamily}
+ {\thesection}{.5em}{\titlerule\\[.8ex]\bfseries}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\examplesep
+
+\titleformat{\section}[block]
+ {\filcenter\large
+ \addtolength{\titlewidth}{2pc}%
+ \titleline*[c]{\titlerule*[.6pc]{\tiny\textbullet}}%
+ \addvspace{6pt}%
+ \normalfont\sffamily}
+ {\thesection}{1em}{}
+\titlespacing{\section}
+ {5pc}{*2}{*2}[5pc]
+
+\section[Appendix]{The length of the ``rule'' above
+ is that of the longest line in this title increased by
+ two picas}
+
+\leavevmode
+
+\section[Appendix]{This one is shorter}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titleformat{\section}[block]
+ {\filcenter\large
+ \addtolength{\titlewidth}{2pc}%
+ \titleline*[c]{\titlerule*[.6pc]{\tiny\textbullet}}%
+ \addvspace{6pt}%
+ \normalfont\sffamily}
+ {\thesection}{1em}{}
+\titlespacing{\section}
+ {5pc}{*2}{*2}[5pc]
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\examplesep
+
+\titleformat{\section}[display]
+ {\normalfont\fillast}
+ {\scshape section \oldstylenums{\thesection}}
+ {1ex minus .1ex}
+ {\small}
+\titlespacing{\section}
+ {3pc}{*3}{*2}[3pc]
+
+\section[Appendix]{This is an example of the section
+command defined below
+and, what's more, this is
+an example of the section command defined below. Let us repeat it.
+This is an example of the section command defined below
+and, what's more, this is
+an example of the section command defined below}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titleformat{\section}[display]
+ {\normalfont\fillast}
+ {\scshape section \oldstylenums{\thesection}}
+ {1ex minus .1ex}
+ {\small}
+\titlespacing{\section}
+ {3pc}{*3}{*2}[3pc]
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\examplesep
+
+\titleformat{\section}[runin]
+ {\normalfont\scshape}
+ {}{0pt}{}
+\titlespacing{\section}
+ {\parindent}{*2}{\wordsep}
+
+\section*{This part is the title itself}
+and this part is the section body\ldots
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titleformat{\section}[runin]
+ {\normalfont\scshape}
+ {}{0pt}{}
+\titlespacing{\section}
+ {\parindent}{*2}{\wordsep}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\examplesep
+
+\titleformat{\section}[wrap]
+ {\normalfont\fontseries{b}\selectfont\filright}
+ {\thesection.}{.5em}{}
+\titlespacing{\section}
+ {12pc}{1.5ex plus .1ex minus .2ex}{1pc}
+
+\section[Appendix]{A Simple Example of the
+ ``wrap'' Section Shape}
+
+Which is followed by some text to show the result. Which is followed
+by some text to show the result. Which is followed by some text to
+show the result. Which is followed by some text to show the result.
+Which is followed by some text to show the result. Which is followed
+by some text to show the result. Which is followed
+by some text to show the result.
+
+\section[Appendix]{And another}
+
+Note how the text wraps the title and the space reserved to it is
+readjusted automatically. And that is followed by some text to
+show the result. Which is followed by some text to show the result.
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titleformat{\section}[wrap]
+ {\normalfont\fontseries{b}\selectfont\filright}
+ {\thesection.}{.5em}{}
+\titlespacing{\section}
+ {12pc}{1.5ex plus .1ex minus .2ex}{1pc}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\examplesep
+
+\titleformat{\section}[runin]
+ {\normalfont\bfseries}
+ {\S\ \thesection.}{.5em}{}[.---]
+\titlespacing{\section}
+ {\parindent}{1.5ex plus .1ex minus .2ex}{0pt}
+
+\section[Appendix]{Old-fashioned runin title}
+
+Of course, you would prefer just a dot after the title. In
+this case the optional argument should be |[.]| and the space
+after a sensible value (1em, for example).
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titleformat{\section}[runin]
+ {\normalfont\bfseries}
+ {\S\ \thesection.}{.5em}{}[.---]
+\titlespacing{\section}
+ {\parindent}{1.5ex plus .1ex minus .2ex}{0pt}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\examplesep
+
+\titleformat{\section}[leftmargin]
+ {\normalfont
+ \titlerule*[.6em]{\bfseries .}%
+ \vspace{6pt}%
+ \sffamily\bfseries\filleft}
+ {\thesection}{.5em}{}
+\titlespacing{\section}
+ {4pc}{1.5pc plus .1ex minus .2ex}{1pc}
+
+\section*{Example of margin section}
+
+Which is followed by some text to show the result.
+But don't stop reading, because the following example illustrates how
+to take advantage of other packages. The last command in the last
+argument can take an argument, which is the title with no
+additional command inside it. We just give the code, but you
+may try it by yourself. Thus, with the \textsf{soul} package
+you may say
+\begin{verbatim}
+\newcommand{\secformat}[1]{\MakeLowercase{\so{#1}}}
+ % \so spaces out letters
+\titleformat{\section}[block]
+ {\normalfont\scshape\filcenter}
+ {\thesection}
+ {1em}
+ {\secformat}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+The margin title above was defined:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titleformat{\section}[leftmargin]
+ {\normalfont
+ \titlerule*[.6em]{\bfseries.}%
+ \vspace{6pt}%
+ \sffamily\bfseries\filleft}
+ {\thesection}{.5em}{}
+\titlespacing{\section}
+ {4pc}{1.5ex plus .1ex minus .2ex}{1pc}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\examplesep
+
+The following examples are intended for chapters. However, this
+document lacks of |\chapter| and are showed using |\sections|
+with slight changes.
+
+\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*4}{*4}
+\titleformat{\section}[display]
+ {\normalfont\Large\filcenter\sffamily}
+ {\titlerule[1pt]%
+ \vspace{1pt}%
+ \titlerule
+ \vspace{1pc}%
+ \LARGE\MakeUppercase{chapter} \thesection}
+ {1pc}
+ {\titlerule
+ \vspace{1pc}%
+ \Huge}
+
+\section[Appendix]{The Title}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titleformat{\chapter}[display]
+ {\normalfont\Large\filcenter\sffamily}
+ {\titlerule[1pt]%
+ \vspace{1pt}%
+ \titlerule
+ \vspace{1pc}%
+ \LARGE\MakeUppercase{\chaptertitlename} \thechapter}
+ {1pc}
+ {\titlerule
+ \vspace{1pc}%
+ \Huge}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\examplesep
+
+\def\thesection{\Roman{section}}
+\titleformat{\section}[display]
+ {\bfseries\Large}
+ {\filleft\MakeUppercase{chapter} \Huge\thesection}
+ {4ex}
+ {\titlerule
+ \vspace{2ex}%
+ \filright}
+ [\vspace{2ex}%
+ \titlerule]
+
+\section[Appendix]{The Title}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\renewcommand{\thechapter}{\Roman{chapter}}
+\titleformat{\chapter}[display]
+ {\bfseries\Large}
+ {\filleft\MakeUppercase{\chaptertitlename} \Huge\thechapter}
+ {4ex}
+ {\titlerule
+ \vspace{2ex}%
+ \filright}
+ [\vspace{2ex}%
+ \titlerule]
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\addtocontents{toc}{\protect\setcounter{tocdepth}{2}\ignorespaces}
+\setcounter{section}{9}
+\endgroup
+
+\bigskip
+
+\subsection{A full example}
+
+Now an example of a complete title scheme follows.
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentclass[twoside]{report}
+\usepackage[sf,sl,outermarks]{titlesec}
+
+% \chapter, \subsection...: no additional code
+
+\titleformat{\section}
+ {\LARGE\sffamily\slshape}
+ {\thesection}{1em}{}
+\titlespacing{\section}
+ {-6pc}{3.5ex plus .1ex minus .2ex}{1.5ex minus .1ex}
+
+\titleformat{\paragraph}[leftmargin]
+ {\sffamily\slshape\filright}
+ {}{}{}
+\titlespacing{\paragraph}
+ {5pc}{1.5ex minus .1 ex}{1pc}
+
+% 5+1=6, ie, the negative left margin in section
+
+\widenhead{6pc}{0pc}
+
+\renewpagestyle{plain}{}
+
+\newpagestyle{special}[\small\sffamily]{
+ \headrule
+ \sethead[\usepage][\textsl{\chaptertitle}][]
+ {}{\textsl{\chaptertitle}}{\usepage}}
+
+\newpagestyle{main}[\small\sffamily]{
+ \headrule
+ \sethead[\usepage][\textsl{\thechapter. \chaptertitle}][]
+ {}{\textsl{\thesection. \sectiontitle}}{\usepage}}
+
+\pagestyle{special}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+---TOC
+
+\pagestyle{main}
+
+---Body
+
+\pagestyle{special}
+
+---Index
+\end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{Standard Classes}
+
+Now follows, for your records, how sectioning commands of standard
+classes could be defined.
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titleformat{\chapter}[display]
+ {\normalfont\huge\bfseries}{\chaptertitlename\ \thechapter}{20pt}{\Huge}
+\titleformat{\section}
+ {\normalfont\Large\bfseries}{\thesection}{1em}{}
+\titleformat{\subsection}
+ {\normalfont\large\bfseries}{\thesubsection}{1em}{}
+\titleformat{\subsubsection}
+ {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}{\thesubsubsection}{1em}{}
+\titleformat{\paragraph}[runin]
+ {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}{\theparagraph}{1em}{}
+\titleformat{\subparagraph}[runin]
+ {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}{\thesubparagraph}{1em}{}
+
+\titlespacing*{\chapter} {0pt}{50pt}{40pt}
+\titlespacing*{\section} {0pt}{3.5ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}{2.3ex plus .2ex}
+\titlespacing*{\subsection} {0pt}{3.25ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}{1.5ex plus .2ex}
+\titlespacing*{\subsubsection}{0pt}{3.25ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}{1.5ex plus .2ex}
+\titlespacing*{\paragraph} {0pt}{3.25ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}{1em}
+\titlespacing*{\subparagraph} {\parindent}{3.25ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}{1em}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{Chapter Example}
+
+A final example shows how to take advantage of the |picture|
+environment for fancy sectioning formats. Even with the simple
+tools provided by standard \LaTeX{} you may create impressive
+titles but you may devise more elaborated
+ones with, for instance, |pspicture| (\textsf{PSTricks}
+package) or by including graphics created with the help of external
+programs.
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\usepackage[dvips]{color}
+\usepackage[rigidchapters]{titlesec}
+
+\DeclareFixedFont{\chapterfont}{T1}{phv}{bx}{n}{11cm}
+
+\newcommand{\chapterformat}[1]{%
+ \put(0,190){\parbox[t]{300pt}{\Huge\sffamily\filright#1}}}
+
+\titlespacing{\chapter}{0pt}{0pt}{210pt}
+% Most of titles have some depth. The total space is
+% a bit larger than the picture box.
+
+\titleformat{\chapter}[block]
+ {\begin{picture}(330,200)}
+ {\put(450,80){%
+ \makebox(0,0)[rb]{%
+ \chapterfont\textcolor[named]{SkyBlue}{\thechapter}}}
+ \put(0,230){%
+ \makebox(0,0)[lb]{%
+ \Huge\sffamily\underline{Chapter \thechapter}}}}
+ {0pt}
+ {\chapterformat}
+ [\end{picture}]
+\end{verbatim}
+
+(The exact values to be used depend on the text area,
+class, |\unitlength|, paper size, etc.)
+
+\end{document}
+
+
+