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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/teubner/teubner.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/teubner/README index 86b7d308de4..86b7d308de4 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/teubner/teubner.txt +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/teubner/README diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/teubner/teubner-doc.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/teubner/teubner-doc.pdf Binary files differindex 5da7f70d74e..e33c899bfb7 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/teubner/teubner-doc.pdf +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/teubner/teubner-doc.pdf diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/teubner/teubner-doc.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/teubner/teubner-doc.tex deleted file mode 100644 index f335d4c2e3d..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/teubner/teubner-doc.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,896 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass[12pt]{article} -\usepackage{mflogo} -\usepackage[greek,english]{babel} -\usepackage[or,10pt]{teubner} -\usepackage{mflogo} -\usepackage{afterpage} -\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} -\title{\texttt{teubner.sty} -\thanks{This paper documents \texttt{teubner.sty} version 2.2c of 2006/01/14.}\\ -An extension of the \textsf{greek} option\\ of the \textsf{\slshape -babel} package} -\author{Claudio Beccari\thanks{Dipartimento di Elettronica del Politecnico di Torino}} -\date{2006/01/16} -\def\comando#1{\texttt{\expandafter\string\noexpand#1}} -\def\ARG#1{\texttt{\char123}$\langle$\textit{#1}$\rangle$\texttt{\char125}} -\def\Arg#1{$\langle$\textit{#1}$\rangle$} -\def\brArg#1{\texttt{\char123#1\char125}} -\def\opt#1{\texttt{[}$\langle$\textit{#1}$\rangle$\texttt{]}} -\def\g#1 {\textDidot{#1}} -\def\l#1 {\textLipsias{#1}} -\renewcommand*{\textfraction}{0} -\renewcommand*{\topfraction}{1.} -\renewcommand*{\bottomfraction}{.5} -\def\acro#1{\expandafter\textsc\expandafter{\MakeLowercase{#1}}} -\begin{document} - -\maketitle - -\section{Introduction} -\begin{sloppypar} -This package \texttt{teubner.sty} is an extension of the \textsf{greek} option -of the \textsf{\slshape babel} package intended to typeset classical Greek with -a philological approach. This version 2.1 cannot yet typeset the critical -apparatus as the philologists are used to, but may be this work will continue -and include also that facility. -\end{sloppypar} - -This project is being carried on with the help of Mr. Paolo Ciacchi, -who got a``master'' degree at the University of Trieste, when he was -writing his ``master thesis'' where he had to deal with ancient Greek -philology. - -This package is supposed to work with my CB fonts available on the -Comprehensive \TeX\ Archive Network (\textsc{ctan}); one of the actions of this -package consists in replacing the default ``italic'' Greek shape with the one -called ``Lispiakos'' in Greece; this name derives from the high quality of the -fonts used in the printers' shops in the city of Lipsia in the past 100 years -or so; one of the printer shops that continues printing books for philologists -(since 1849) is the B.G.~Teubner Verlags\-gesell\-schaft, that publishes the -collection called ``Bibliotheca Scriptorum Graecorum et Latinorum -Teubneriana''. The name given to this extension package is in homage to that -printing company and to its high quality tradition in printing Greek texts. - -The reader is supposed to know how to install a package with all its components -in his/her \TeX\ installation; here we do not spend a word on this topic, since -the various implementations of the \TeX\ systems are so idiosyncratic that the -explanations good for one implementation are not good for another; the various -operating systems also do not help in such matters. Since I have access only -to a Windows~2k computer with \textsc{MiKTeX} and a Debian Linux one with the -\TeX-Live implementation of \texttt{teTeX}, I realize that the explanations -would be so different that they would result too confusing. Let's not speak of -other operating systems and \TeX\ distributions\dots\ Nevertheless do not -forget to read carefully the accompanying file \texttt{teubner.txt}. - -\subsection{The package option \texttt{10pt}} -Another warning: while I was upgrading this documentation in the summer -of 2004, the \TeX-Live Team was studying how to reduce the amount of -material to distribute on the \TeX-Live disk, since the contributions -were growing at such a rapid rate that it was necessary to chose what -to include and what to leave outside, although always downloadable form -the \acro{ctan} archives. One of the candidates to reduction was the -collection of my CB Greek fonts; it is true that the whole collection -of files, that includes the \MF\ source and driver files, the metric -\texttt{tfm} files, and the PostScript \texttt{pfb} files, exceeds 2000 -files, and the volume exceeds 100\,MB. One of the proposals was to -distribute a reduced zipped set called \texttt{cbsmall.zip} on the -\TeX-Live disk while retaining three other collections -\texttt{cbtiny.zip}, \texttt{cbmedium.zip} and \texttt{cbhuge.zip} so -that the user can proportionate the amount of downloaded fonts to -his/her real needs. - -Eventually, when I received my copy of the 2005 \TeX-live disks, I -found out that the collection of the \texttt{pfb} files was reduced to -the 10\,pt size and there was no mention about the various sized -distributions to be left in the \acro{ctan} archives. - -In this circumstance I found out that the whole collection of the font -\texttt{pfb} files had been completely removed and substituted with a -new set of fonts in the only size of 10\,pt. The operation was carried -on by Apostolos Syropoulos, the president of the Hellenic \TeX\ Users -Group, who remade the transformation of the \MF\ sources into Type~1 -PostScript fonts by adding a suitable encoding vector compatible with -the \acro{unicode} standard. He also decided that modern digital -typography uses one sized font collection and the different typeset -sizes are obtained by simple scaling of the vector fonts. - -For using \texttt{teubner.sty} you need the full set of Lipsian fonts, -so you should download it from \acro{ctan} should it be missing from -your customized-size set of Greek fonts. Therefore I asked the -\acro{ctan} maintainer to re-establish the full collection, although -clearly separated from the new one and collected into a new subfolder -marked as ``old''. - -The prospective users of this package may still download the -\texttt{pfb} files they want. In any case I added an option to the -\texttt{teubner} extension, so as to be able to load all the needed -Greek fonts at one size, namely 10\,pt, and to scale them automatically -for the various parts of their document. - -This option is invoked as usual, i.e. -\begin{verbatim} -\usepackage[10pt]{teubner} -\end{verbatim} -but you must perhaps find out the right sequence of package loading, -since the effectiveness of the option may depend on other packages. I -find that the best position is to invoke it right after invoking -\texttt{babel} with the option \texttt{greek}. - - -\section{The Greek CB fonts} -This short documentation will start with briefly recalling some -peculiarities of the CB fonts and their mapping to the Latin keyboard; -afterwards it will list the new commands and their syntax. - -The CB fonts come in all shapes, sizes and series as the extended -European fonts that conform with the T1 encoding introduced after the -Cork Conference of the \TeX\ Users Group Society in 1991\footnote{If -the \TeX-Live Team takes the decisions outlined in the previous section -the smaller sets will have the fonts scaled up or down from a subset of -the whole collection.}. The CB fonts conform to the encoding that is -still being called LGR, since up to now there is no established -encoding name for the Greek alphabet among the \TeX\ users, not yet, at -least. - -The regular shape has capital letters with serifs that are in the -same style as the roman capital ones, while the lower case letters -derive from the design by Didot and are very common in all texts. -This shape comes also in boldface, together with the two -corresponding oblique (or slanted) versions. The CB fonts contain -also the upright and slanted, medium and boldface small caps -alphabets. - -The ``italic'' shape was designed in order to imitate the Olga font designed so -as to have a contrasting style compared with the slanted Didot shape, in order -to play the same role as the italic letters play with the latin roman -alphabets. The Olga alphabets come in medium and boldface series, and in -oblique and upright shapes. - -The CB fonts are completed with the sans serif fonts, the -monospaced typewriter fonts and the fonts for slides, besides an -outline family that shows the regular shapes and series just with -their contours. - -The ``cbleipzig'' fonts imitate the beautiful shapes used in -Lipsia; they come in medium bold and extra-bold series, without -an upright version, and they are meant to replace the -corresponding Olga shapes (the bold series is good for mixing -with PostScript fonts, whose medium series is slightly blacker -than the corresponding CM and EC fonts usually used with \LaTeX). - -\section{Font installation} -In order to use the Greek CB fonts and the extensions provided with -this package, you need to install them. You can freely download those -fonts from \textsc{ctan}\footnote{At the time of writing the -\textsc{ctan} archives are undergoing a deep revision for what concerns -the CB font collection; there used to be a huge compressed file that -included all the \texttt{tfm} metric files, all the \MF\ files and all -the PostScript \texttt{pfb} files, inclusive of the -\texttt{cbgreek.map} file needed to instruct \textsf{dvips} and -\textsf{pdflatex} for using the scalable PostScript fonts. Now there -should be a new set of PostScript fonts with their \texttt{tfm} files -and \MF\ sources, besides a compatible \texttt{.map} file for -\textsf{dvips} and \textsf{pdflatex}.}, where you can find also the -collection of driver files for generating them with \MF, but since you -are unlikely going to use all families, series, shapes and sizes, and -since the cbleipzig and metrics fonts are lacking the driver files, I -suggest you to follow the instructions given in the file -\texttt{cbgreek.txt}; in facts the CB fonts need only an interface -between \MF\ and the \texttt{.tfm} and \texttt{.pk} files, in order to -overcome the \MF\ limitation that the output files must have the same -name of the input file (not considering the filename extension); -therefore all the driver files contain the same instruction: -\begin{quote} -\ttfamily input cbgreek; -\end{quote} -and differ only in the name; the latter is made up of four -letters and four digits; the four letters identify the Greek -fonts by family, series and shape, while the four digits identify -the size in points, multiplied by 100 and left padded with a zero -in order to complete the four digits. - -The cbleipzig fonts have their shape identified with the letter \texttt{l}, -therefore for a 9\,pt font you need a file named \texttt{grml0900.mf} -containing the above mentioned single instruction; for the metric symbol fonts -at 12\,pt you need a file named \texttt{gmtr1200.mf} containing the above -mentioned single instruction. So, should the cbleipzig and the metric symbol -\MF\ driver files be missing, you don't have too much work to do to create -them. - -\section{Inputting Greek text with a Latin keyboard} - -\begin{table}[bt]\def\g #1 {\textDidot{#1}}\tabcolsep4pt -\centering -\begin{tabular}{*{25}c} -\g a & \g b &\g g &\g d &\g e &\g z &\g h &\g j &\g i &\g k &\g l &\g m &\g n &\g x &\g o &\g p &\g r &\g c &\g sv &\g t &\g u &\g f &\g q &\g y &\g w \\ - a & b & g & d & e & z & h & j & i & k & l & m & n & x & o & p & r & c & s & t & u & f & q & y & w -\end{tabular} -\caption{Keyboard correspondence between Latin and Greek -letters}\label{t:corrispondenza} -\end{table} - -In order to input Greek text with a Latin keyboard some simple and -mostly obvious key substitutions are performed according to the -correspondence shown in table~\ref{t:corrispondenza}. - -Notice that there is the possibility of inputting \texttt{c} in -order to get the final sigma \textDidot{c}, but the CB fonts are -conceived with the non-Greek typist in mind, so that it is even -possible to input \texttt{s} at the end of words, because the -whole software is smart enough to detect the word boundary and to -use the correct shape of the letter sigma within or at the word -end. This mechanism is so ``sticky'' that it becomes difficult to -type an isolated initial or middle sigma; to this purpose the CB -fonts contain an invisible character, \texttt{v}, that may be -used for several purposes, one of which is to hide the word -boundary after a sigma; therefore if you type \texttt{sv}, you get -\textDidot{sv} without any effort. - -The invisible character \texttt{v} may be used also as a support -for (apparently) isolated accents, especially when macros have to -be used; if you type \verb"\={v}" you get -\,\textDidot{\=v}\enspace, while if you omit the invisible -\texttt{v} you get \,\textDidot{\={}}\enspace. - -Accent, spirits and dieresis are input \emph{before} each letter -(prefix notation) without using any particular control sequence; -the correspondence between the Latin symbols and the Greek -diacritical marks is shown in table~\ref{t:accenti}; all ``upper'' -diacritical marks must be prefixed (in any order), while the iota -subscript must be postfixed. Therefore if you input \verb">'a|", you -get \textDidot{>'a|}. - -\begin{table}[bt]\def\g #1 {\textDidot{#1}} -\centering -\begin{tabular}{l*{7}c} -Greek &\g > & \g < &\g "v &\g ' &\g ` &\g \~v &\g | \\ -Latin &$>$ & $<$ & " & ' & ` & \~{} & $|$ -\end{tabular} -\caption{Correspondence between the Latin keyboard symbols and -Greek diacritical marks}\label{t:accenti} -\end{table} - -Macrons and breves are just single glyphs and do not appear in combination with -any letter, due to the limitation of 256 glyphs per font; but they may be input -by means of the standard \LaTeX\ commands \verb|\=| and \verb|\u| respectively -in order to use them as accents. Together with the macros for inserting such -symbols, a complete set is available for inserting any combination of -diacritical marks over or under any letter, not only vowels: see -table~\ref{t:accentmacros}. Of course the results may not be comparable with -the ones one can obtain with the regular ligature mechanism; the advantage of -the accent macros is twofold: (a) it is connected only to the possibility of -inserting macrons and breves and/or to set the various combinations over or -under any letter, even if it is a consonant; (b) for all accent vowel -combinations that have a specific glyph in the font, the actual accented symbol -is used so that kernings and ligatures are maintained; as shown elsewhere there -is a noticeable difference between \textLipsias{a>ut'os} and -\textLipsias{a\s{u}t\'os}. In this example the first word is typed in as -\verb+a>ut'os+, while the second may be typed as \verb+a\s{u}t\'os+, or -\verb*+a\us t\oa s+, or even in mixed form \verb*+a\us t'os+ thanks to the fact -that there is no kerning between `tau' and `omicron with or without acute' - - - - -\begin{table}[tb]\makebox[\textwidth]{% -\begin{tabular}{cl|cl} -Example & \multicolumn1c{Syntax} & Example & \multicolumn1c{Syntax} \\ -\hline -\g à & \comando\`\ARG{letter} & \g\ut{aw} & \comando\ut\ARG{letters} \\ -\g \'a & \comando\'\ARG{letter} & \g\Ab{a} & \comando\Ab\ARG{letter} \\ -\g \~a & \comando\~\ARG{letter}\ap{1} & \g\Gb{a} & \comando\Gb\ARG{letter} \\ -\g \"i & \comando\"\ARG{letter} & \g\Arb{a} & \comando\Arb\ARG{letter} \\ -\g \u{a} & \comando\u\ARG{letter} & \g\Grb{a} & \comando\Grb\ARG{letter} \\ -\g \U{ai} & \comando\U\ARG{diphthong} & \g\Asb{a} & \comando\Asb\ARG{letter} \\ -\g \=a & \comando\=\ARG{letter} & \g\Gsb{a} & \comando\Gsb\ARG{letter} \\ -\g \r{a} & \comando\r\ARG{letter} & \g\Am{a} & \comando\Am\ARG{letter} \\ -\g \s{a} & \comando\s\ARG{letter} & \g\Gm{a} & \comando\Gm\ARG{letter} \\ -\g\Ad{i} & \comando\Ad\ARG{letter} & \g\Cm{a} & \comando\Cm\ARG{letter} \\ -\g\Gd{i} & \comando\Gd\ARG{letter} & \g\Arm{a} & \comando\Arm\ARG{letter} \\ -\g\Cd{i} & \comando\Cd\ARG{letter} & \g\Grm{a} & \comando\Grm\ARG{letter} \\ -\g\Ar{a} & \comando\Ar\ARG{letter} & \g\Crm{a} & \comando\Crm\ARG{letter} \\ -\g\Gr{a} & \comando\Gr\ARG{letter} & \g\Asm{a} & \comando\Asm\ARG{letter} \\ -\g\Cr{a} & \comando\Cr\ARG{letter} & \g\Gsm{a} & \comando\Gsm\ARG{letter} \\ -\g\As{a} & \comando\As\ARG{letter} & \g\Csm{a} & \comando\Csm\ARG{letter} \\ -\g\Gs{a} & \comando\Gs\ARG{letter} & \g\Sm{a} & \comando\Sm\ARG{letter} \\ -\g\Cs{a} & \comando\Cs\ARG{letter} & \g\Rm{a} & \comando\Rm\ARG{letter} \\ -\g\c{i} & \comando\c\ARG{letter} & \g\iS{a} & \comando\iS\ARG{letter} \\ -\semiv{u} & \comando\semiv\ARG{letter}\ap{2} & \g\d{p} & \comando\d\ARG{letter} \\ -\ring{a} & \comando\ring\ARG{letter}\ap{2} & \g\bd{i} & \comando\bd\ARG{letter} \\ -\hline -\end{tabular}} -\caption{Accent macros}\label{t:accentmacros} -\vskip\baselineskip -REMARKS\\[3pt]\footnotesize -\ap{1}\quad The circumflex accent may be obtained with \comando\~\ only if -attribute \textsf{polutoniko} was specified for the -Greek language with \textsf{\slshape babel} v.3.7.\\ -\ap{2}\quad Most commands may be used also with latin letters. -\end{table} - -\section{Ligatures} -It should be clear from the previous section that the ligature mechanism is the -one that offers the best results with most accented vowels; in any case it -speeds up the keying in of the text to be typeset; nevertheless there are -situations where you might be unsatisfied. - -Fore example compare \l a>ut'on \ with \textLipsias{a\us t\oa n}. -The small spacing difference between tau and the accented omicron -is hardly noticeable, but the spacing difference between alpha -and the marked upsilon is remarkable. Where does that difference -come from? It comes from the fact that the smooth spirit marker -inhibits kerning between the previous alpha and the resulting -ligature from the spirit marker and the upsilon. In other words, -by inputting \verb"a>ut'on", as it is suggested in the previous -section, the spirit marker and the acute accent inhibit the -kerning mechanism with the previous letter. In most instances the -lack of such kerning is hardly noticeable, but in others it -strikes your attention. - -For this reason a set of macros has been defined such that it is -possible to input the accented characters directly, without -resorting to the ligature mechanism. Such macros have a common -structure; they are formed with the letters that make up the -complex glyph in a certain order, precisely every macro is made -up as such: -\begin{quote}\obeylines -the first character, obviously, is the backslash character \texttt{\char92}; -the next character is the name of the vowel, one of a, e, h, i, o, u, w; -the next optional character is the code for dieresis, smooth or rough spirit, with one of the letters d, s, r; -the next character is the code for the circumflex, acute, or grave accent with one of the letters c, a, or g; -the last optional character indicates iota subscript with the presence of an i. -\end{quote} - -That means that, for instance, \comando\asai\ stands for \textDidot{\asai}. For -your convenience such macros are collected in table~\ref{t:compoundvowels}. -Such set may introduce incompatibilities with other packages or even with the -primitive \TeX\ commands. Of course one can always resort to the accent--vowel -combination as exemplified at the end of the previous section; the above -example \textDidot{\asai} may be obtained also with -\verb+\As{a}|+.\footnote{Postfixed markings do not pose any problem with -kernings and ligatures; this is why the postfixed ligature for the iota -subscript may still be used also when the accent--vowel combinations are used.} - -\begin{table}[tb]\let\c\comando\let\l\textLipsias -\makebox[\textwidth]{% -\begin{tabular}{lclclclclclc} -\cå &\lå &\c\ag &\l\ag &\c\ac &\l\ac &\c\ai &\l\ai &\c\ar &\l\ar &\c\as &\l\as \\ -\c\asa &\l\asa &\c\asg &\l\asg &\c\asc &\l\asc &\c\asi &\l\asi &\c\aai &\l\aai \\ -\c\ara &\l\ara &\c\arg &\l\arg &\c\arc &\l\arc &\c\ari &\l\ari &\c\agi &\l\agi &\c\aci &\l\aci \\ -\c\arai &\l\arai&\c\argi&\l\argi&\c\arci&\l\arci&\c\asai&\l\asai&\c\asgi&\l\asgi&\c\asci&\l\asci\\ -\hline -\c\ha &\l\ha &\c\hg &\l\hg &\c\hc &\l\hc &\c\hi &\l\hi &\c\hr &\l\hr &\c\hs &\l\hs \\ -\c\hsa &\l\hsa &\c\hsg &\l\hsg &\c\hsc &\l\hsc &\c\hsi &\l\hsi &\c\hai &\l\hai \\ -\c\hra &\l\hra &\c\hrg &\l\hrg &\c\hrc &\l\hrc &\c\hri &\l\hri &\c\hgi &\l\hgi &\c\hci &\l\hci \\ -\c\hrai &\l\hrai&\c\hrgi&\l\hrgi&\c\hrci&\l\hrci&\c\hsai&\l\hsai&\c\hsgi&\l\hsgi&\c\hsci&\l\hsci\\ -\hline -\c\wa &\l\wa &\c\wg &\l\wg &\c\wc &\l\wc &\c\wi &\l\wi &\c\wr &\l\wr &\c\ws &\l\ws \\ -\c\wsa &\l\wsa &\c\wsg &\l\wsg &\c\wsc &\l\wsc &\c\wsi &\l\wsi &\c\wai &\l\wai \\ -\c\wra &\l\wra &\c\wrg &\l\wrg &\c\wrc &\l\wrc &\c\wri &\l\wri &\c\wgi &\l\wgi &\c\wci &\l\wci \\ -\c\wrai &\l\wrai&\c\wrgi&\l\wrgi&\c\wrci&\l\wrci&\c\wsai&\l\wsai&\c\wsgi&\l\wsgi&\c\wsci&\l\wsci\\ -\hline -\c\ia &\l\ia &\c\ig &\l\ig &\c\ic &\l\ic &\c\ir &\l\ir &\c\is &\l\is \\ -\c\isa &\l\isa &\c\isg &\l\isg &\c\isc &\l\isc &\c\ida &\l\ida &\c\idg &\l\idg \\ -\c\ira &\l\ira &\c\irg &\l\irg &\c\irc &\l\irc &\c\idc &\l\idc &\c\id &\l\id \\ -\hline -\c\ua &\l\ua &\c\ug &\l\ug &\c\uc &\l\uc &\c\ur &\l\ur &\c\us &\l\us \\ -\c\usa &\l\usa &\c\usg &\l\usg &\c\usc &\l\usc &\c\uda &\l\uda &\c\udg &\l\udg \\ -\c\ura &\l\ura &\c\urg &\l\urg &\c\urc &\l\urc &\c\udc &\l\udc &\c\ud &\l\ud \\ -\hline -\c\ea &\l\ea &\c\eg &\l\eg &\c\er &\l\er &\c\es &\l\es \\ -\c\esa &\l\esa &\c\esg &\l\esg &\c\era &\l\era &\c\erg &\l\erg \\ -\hline -\c\oa &\l\oa &\c\og &\l\og &\c\oR\ap{1}&\l\oR &\c\os &\l\os \\ -\c\osa &\l\osa &\c\osg &\l\osg &\c\ora &\l\ora &\c\org &\l\org \\ -\hline -\end{tabular}% -} -\caption{Accented vowel macros}\label{t:compoundvowels} -\bigskip -REMARKS\\[3pt]\footnotesize -\ap{1}\quad As mentioned in the body of this text the command -{\let\or\relax\comando\or} may produce incompatibilities with the -primitive command with the same name. -\end{table} - -What I suggest is to typeset your paper with the regular accent -vowel ligatures and to substitute them in the final revision with -the accented vowel macros only in those instances where the lack -of kerning is disturbing. - -\section{Other Greek symbols} -Other Greek symbols may be obtained with ligatures or explicit -commands; table~\ref{t:gsymbols} contains such ligatures and -symbols; notice that some of these are specific additions -introduced with this extension package. - -\begin{table}[tb]\let\c\comando\let\l\textDidot -\makebox[\textwidth]{% -\begin{tabular}{lclclc} -\c{''} &\l{''} &\c{((} &\l{((} &\c{))} &\l{))} \\ -\c\GEodq &\l\GEodq &\c\GEcdq &\l\GEcdq &\c: &\l: \\ -\c\GEoq &\l\GEoq &\c\GEcq &\l\GEcq &\c? &\l? \\ -\c\ENodq &\l\ENodq &\c\ENcdq &\l\ENcdq &\c; &\l; \\ -\c\stigma &\l\stigma &\c\varstigma&\l\varstigma&\c\Stigma&\l\Stigma\\ -\c\coppa &\l\coppa &\c\koppa &\l\koppa &\c\Coppa &\l\Coppa\\ -\c\sampi &\l\sampi &\c\Sampi &\l\Sampi &\c\permill &\l\permill\\ -\c\digamma &\l\digamma &\c\Digamma &\l\Digamma &\c\euro &\l\euro\\ -\c\f &\l\f &\c\F &\l\F &\c\shwa &\l\shwa\\ -\end{tabular}% -} -\caption{Greek symbols}\label{t:gsymbols} -\end{table} - -I draw your attention on the necessity of using the ligature -\comando{''} for producing the simple apostrophe, which, by the -way, in Greek typography must always be followed by a space. The -single tick mark \comando'\ produces an acute accent, not an -apostrophe, this is why it is necessary to use the double tick -mark ligature. - -The Milesian numerals should not worry anybody, because they are seldom used as -isolated symbols; the \textsf{greek} or \textsf{polutonikogreek} option or the -\textsf{polutoniko} attribute of the Greek language with the \textsf{\slshape -babel} package offer the commands \comando\greeknumeral\ and -\comando\Greeknumeral, that convert common arabic positive numbers in the -Milesian counterparts within a Greek section of your document; the -corresponding commands followed by an asterisk change the digamma glyph with -the stigma one\footnote{The stigma version is the standard one with the -\textsf{\slshape babel} language support for Greek; with this package we -adopted the digamma as the ``regular'' sign with the value of~6, and attributed -stigma to the ``variant'' representation of Milesian numbers.}: -\begin{quote}\obeylines -if you type \verb"\greeknumeral{1996}" you get \textLipsias{\greeknumeral{1996}} -if you type \verb"\Greeknumeral{1996}" you get \textLipsias{\Greeknumeral{1996}} -if you type \verb"\greeknumeral*{1996}" you get \textLipsias{\greeknumeral*{1996}} -if you type \verb"\Greeknumeral*{1996}" you get \textLipsias{\Greeknumeral*{1996}} -\end{quote} - -\section{New commands} -This extension package introduces many new commands for -typesetting Greek in a philological way. Most of such commands are -collected in table~\ref{t:extcomandi}. - -A short remark on the command \comando\ap: this useful command inserts -\emph{anything} as a superscript of anything else; it works both in text mode -and in math mode\footnote{Numerical superscripts or apices do not require math -mode; numerical footnote labels are automatically inserted by \LaTeX's -\comando\footnote\ command; non numerical footnote labels are easily inserted -with \LaTeX's \comando\footnotemark\ and \comando\footnotetext\ commands with -their optional arguments.}. In particular while typesetting a philological text -in different languages and with different alphabets, \comando\ap\ typesets the -superscript with the current language and alphabet; if any change is required -the \comando\ap's argument can contain any language or alphabet specific -declaration. You can typeset things such as -\textLipsias{Baq\'ulides\,\ap{\textlatin{a}}} by switching language and -alphabet as required; the specific declarations and the commands contained in -table~\ref{t:extcomandi} come handy also in these cases. - -%\afterpage{\clearpage} - -\begin{table}[p]\let\c\comando\let\l\textLipsias\let\g\textDidot -\makebox[\textwidth]{\footnotesize -\begin{tabular}{cl|cl} -Example & Syntax &Example & Syntax \\[3pt] -\l{Baq\'ulides} & (declaration) &abcde & (declaration) \\ -\l{Baq\'ulides} & \c\textLipsias\ARG{text} &\l{\lesp{abg}} &\c\lesp\ARG{text} \\ -\g{Baq\'ulides} &\c\textDidot\ARG{text} &\LitNil &\c\LitNil \\ -text & \c\textlatin\ARG{text} &\cap{g} &\c\cap\ARG{letter} \\ -\l{\frapar{Baq\'ulides}}& \c\frapar\ARG{text} &\Coronis &\c\Coronis \\ -( & \c\lpar &\lmqi &\c\lmqi \\ -) &\c\rpar &\rmqi &\c\rmqi \\ -\qmark &\c\qmark &\l{\mqi{abg}} &\c\mqi\ARG{text} \\ -\l{\Dots[3]} &\c\Dots\opt{number} &\lmqs &\c\lmqs \\ -\l{\DOTS[3]} &\c\DOTS\opt{number} &\rmqs &\c\rmqs \\ -\l{\Dashes[3]} &\c\Dashes\opt{number} &\l{\mqs{abg}} &\c\mqs\ARG{text} \\ -\l{\DASHES[3]} &\c\DASHES\opt{number} &\l{\zeugma{abg}} &\c\zeugma\ARG{text} \\ -\ap{foo} &\c\ap\ARG{text} &\l{\siniz{abg}} &\c\siniz\ARG{text} \\ -\sinafia &\c\sinafia &\paragr &\c\paragr \\ -\l{\:} &\c\: &\dparagr &\c\dparagr \\ -\l\; &\c\; &\FinisCarmen &\c\FinisCarmen \\ -\l\? &\c\? &\crux &\c\crux \\ -\l\mutpers &\c\antilabe &\l{\apici{abg}} &\c\apici\ARG{text} \\ -\| &\c\| &\apex &\c\apex \\ -\dBar &\c\dBar &\responsio &\c\responsio \\ -\tBar &\c\tBar &\Int &\c\Int \\ -\lbrk &\c\lbrk &\l{\star a} &\c\star \\ -\rbrk &\c\rbrk &\l{\dstar a} &\c\dstar \\ -\l{\ladd{abg}} &\c\ladd\ARG{text} &\l{\tstar a} &\c\tstar \\ -\l{\lladd{abg}} &\c\lladd\ARG{text} &\l{\|\|\quad\|\,\|} &\c\, \\ -\l{\Ladd{abg}} &\c\Ladd\ARG{text} &\l{\|\|\quad\|\!\|} &\c\! \\ -\l{\LLadd{abg}} &\c\LLadd\ARG{text} &\OSN{0123456789} &\c\OSN\ARG{digits} \\ -\l{\nexus{abg}} &\c\nexus\ARG{text} &\l{\nesso{abg}} &\c\nesso\ARG{text} \\ -\Utie{AB} &\c\Utie\ARG{2 letters} &\l{a\h b} &\c\h \\ -\l{a\yod b} &\c\yod &\l{a\shwa b} &\c\shwa \\ -\l{a\q b} &\c\q &\l{A\F B} &\c\F \\ -\l{a\f b} &\c\f &\semiv{i} &\c\semiv\ARG{letter} \\ -\hv &\c\skewstack\ARG{base}\ARG{apex}&\md{e} &\c\md\ARG{letter} \\ -\Ud{e} &\c\Ud\ARG{letter} &\mO{e} &\c\mO\ARG{letter} \\ -\UO{e} &\c\UO\ARG{letter} &\Open{e} &\c\Open\ARG{letter} \\ -\nasal{e} &\c\nasal\ARG{letter} &\cut{d} &\c\cut\ARG{b\|d\|g} \\ -\dracma &\c\dracma &\denarius &\c\denarius \\ -\stater &\c\stater &\etos &\c\etos \\ -\hemiobelion &\c\hemiobelion &\tetartemorion &\c\tetartemorion \\ -\splus &\c\splus &\stimes &\c\stimes \\ -\kclick &\c\kclick & & \\ -\end{tabular}% -} -\caption{Extended commands}\label{t:extcomandi} -\end{table} - -\section{Metrics} -Philological writings often require the description of metrics; -for this purpose a new font has been developed that contains most -of the frequent metric signs; the corresponding macros have been -defined so as to set the metric glyphs as if they were text; but, -most important, a new definition command has been introduced so -as to enable to declare new control sequences to represent -complete metric feet or even complete verse metrics. - -The metric glyph names are collected in table~\ref{t:metrics}, -while the declaration command is described hereafter. - -The syntax for that definition command is similar to that of -{\comando\newcommand}; -\[ -\hbox{\comando\newmetrics\ARG{name}\ARG{definition}} -\] -where \Arg{name} is a control sequence name made up of letters -(as usual with \LaTeX) with the exception that it may start with -one of the digits 2, or 3, or 4. Of course the \Arg{definition} -must reflect the replication by 2, or 3, or 4; moreover if the -\Arg{name} starts with a digit, when it is used by the typesetter, -\emph{it must be followed by a space}. Some examples follow: -\begin{quote}\let\c\comando\obeylines% -\c\newmetrics\brArg{\c\iam}\brArg{\c\barbrevis\c\longa\c\brevis\c\longa} -\c\newmetrics\brArg{\c{\2iam}}\brArg{\c\iam\c\iam} -\c\newmetrics\brArg{\c{\4MACRO}}\brArg{\c\longa\c\longa\c\longa\c\longa} -\end{quote} -The above definitions produce the following results (notice the space -before the colon): -\begin{quote}\let\c\comando\obeylines% -\c\iam: \iam -\c{\2iam} : \iam\iam -\c{\4MACRO} : \4MACRO \ -\end{quote} -The definitions may contain also some symbols collected in -table~\ref{t:extcomandi}, such as \dBar, for example, and other -symbols from the other tables. - - -\begin{table}[tb]\let\c\comando -\makebox[\textwidth]{% -\begin{tabular}{llll} -Command & Metric symbol & Command & Metric symbol \\[3pt] -\c\longa & \longa &\c\brevis & \brevis \\ -\c\bbrevis & \bbrevis &\c\barbrevis & \barbrevis \\ -\c\ubarbrevis & \ubarbrevis &\c\ubarbbrevis & \ubarbbrevis \\ -\c\ubarsbrevis & \ubarsbrevis &\c\coronainv & \coronainv \\ -\c\corona & \corona & \c\ElemInd & \ElemInd \\ -\c\catal & \catal &\c\ipercatal & \ipercatal \\ -\c\anceps & \anceps &\c\banceps & \banceps \\ -\c\ancepsdbrevis& \ancepsdbrevis &\c\hiatus\ap{1}& \hiatus \\ -\c\iam\ap{2} & \iam &\c\chor & \chor \\ -\c\enopl & \enopl &\c{\4MACRO} & \4MACRO \ \\ -\c\aeolchorsor & \aeolchorsor &\c\hexam & \hexam \\ -\c{\2tr} & \2tr \ &\c\pentam & \pentam \\ -\c\ubrevislonga & \ubrevislonga &\c\aeolicbii & \aeolicbii \\ -\c\aeolicbiii & \aeolicbiii &\c\aeolicbiv & \aeolicbiv\ap{3} \\ -\end{tabular}% -} -\caption{Metric symbols}\label{t:metrics} -\bigskip -REMARKS\\[3pt]\footnotesize -\ap{1}\quad A similar command \c\Hiatus\ produces the same -visible result as \c\hiatus, except for the fact that it does not -occupy horizontal space; it is useful in the definitions of full -verse metrics where a hiatus needs to be inserted between two -consecutive metric symbols; for example: \longa\Hiatus\longa.\\ -\ap{2}\quad This extension package predefines some examples -of metric feet and complete verses.\\ -\ap{3}\quad Sometimes it might be convenient to use a shortcut -for inserting the Aeolic bases -by inputting \texttt{\char123\comando\metricsfont\ I\char125} or -\texttt{\char123\comando\metricsfont\ II\char125} or -\texttt{\char123\comando\metricsfont\ III\char125} in order to get -\aeolicbii\ or \aeolicbiii\ or \aeolicbiv. -\end{table} - -Another important metric command is the following: -\[ -\hbox{\comando\metricstack\ARG{base}\ARG{superscript}} -\] -which is meant for superimposing some superscript (generally a -number) over some metric symbol, which may be a single symbol or a -metric foot; since the superscript gets printed in math mode, the -superscript hiatus \hiatus\ may be obtained with \comando\Hiatus\ -when it falls between two metric symbols, but must be well -described as a math roman element when it is superscripted over -something else; similarly any other superscript which is not a -math symbol must be suitably set as a math roman object. In any -case this command makes it easy to get something such -as~\metricstack{\longa\brevis\brevis}{48}. - -The environment for setting metric sequences grouped with braces -is described in the next section, since it is generally used within -the composition of verses. - -\section{Poetry environments} -In order to set poetry it is always possible to use the -standard \LaTeX\ \texttt{verse} environment; nevertheless such -simple environment is not suited for philological purposes, except -perhaps for very short citations. This extension package contains -three new environments with various levels of complexity. Due to -their relative complexity an example will be given for each one -with both the input code and the corresponding result. All three -environments require that any language change be declared before -their opening statement, otherwise the language change lasts only -to the end of the verse. - -\begin{description} -\item[\texttt{versi}] This environment does not actually set each -verse on a separate line; it rather resembles an in-line list; it -resorts to a command \comando\verso\ that inserts a small vertical -separator with a progressive number over it. Both the environment -opening and the command \comando\verso\ accept arguments -according to the following syntax: - \begin{quote}\let\c\comando\obeylines - \c\begin\brArg{versi}\ARG{label} - \Arg{verses} - \c\end\brArg{versi} - \null\ - \c\verso\opt{number} - \end{quote} -where \Arg{label} is a short text (let's say not more than 15 -characters) indicating for example the poem title and the stanza -number; the whole set of verses will be typeset with a left margin -wide enough to contain \Arg{label}; the optional argument -\Arg{number} indicates the starting value for the verse -enumeration; the default value is~1, but if it is specified, it is -required only with the first occurrence of \comando\verso\ or when -the enumeration is restarted. In this environment the standard -\LaTeX\ command \comando{\\} behaves normally as in regular text. -\begin{verbatim} -\begin{versi}{Meropis fr. 3} -\item[\textlatin{Meropis fr. 4}] ->'enj'' <o m`en e\ladd{>isplh} \verso[68] j`un -Mer'opwn k'ien. <h \ladd{d`e dia} \verso pr`o\\ -a>iqem\hc i sj~htos \ladd{>'elassen.} -\verso <`o d'' >ex'equt''; o>u -g`ar \ladd{<omo~iai}\\ -\ladd{>a} \verso j'anatai jnhta~isi bol\ladd{a`i kat`a} -\verso ga~ian >'asin.\\ -prh\lladd{m}n\ladd{~hs d\dots} \verso thse. m'elas d`e -perie.\ladd{\dots}\verso -rw -\end{versi} -\end{verbatim} - -\Lipsiakostext -\begin{versi}{Meropis fr. 3} -\item[\textlatin{Meropis fr. 4}] ->'enj'' <o m`en e\ladd{>isplh} \verso[68] j`un -Mer'opwn k'ien. <h \ladd{d`e dia} \verso pr`o\\ -a>iqem\hc i sj~htos \ladd{>'elassen.} \verso <`o d'' >ex'equt''; -o>u -g`ar \ladd{<omo~iai}\\ -\ladd{>a} \verso j'anatai jnhta~isi bol\ladd{a`i kat`a} -\verso ga~ian >'asin.\\ -prh\lladd{m}n\ladd{~hs d\dots} \verso thse. m'elas d`e perie.\ladd{\dots}\verso -rw -\end{versi} -\NoLipsiakostext - -\item[\texttt{Versi}] This environment is very similar to the -standard \LaTeX\ environment \texttt{verse}; the difference is -that \texttt{Versi} automatically enumerates the verses -(displaying only verse numbers that are multiples of 5) with a -number in the left margin. The syntax is as follows: - \begin{quote}\let\c\comando\obeylines - \c\begin\brArg{Versi}\opt{number} - \Arg{verses} - \c\end\brArg{Versi} - \end{quote} -where \Arg{number} is the starting value of the verse enumeration; -of course each verse is separated from the next one with the usual -command \comando{\\}, which has been redefined so that it just -divides the verses and provides to the possible display of the -verse number; it accepts the optional information that the -standard \LaTeX\ command usually accepts, both the asterisk and -the vertical space amount. - - -\NoLipsiakostext - -\begin{verbatim} -\begin{Versi}[45] -ta; pr'osje qeir~wn b'ian\\ -\paragr de\ladd{'i}xomen; -t`a d" >epi'onta da\ladd{'imo}n srine~i.---\\ -t'os" e>'ipen >ar'etaikmos <'hrws;\\ -t{\rbrk}'afon d`e naub'atai\\ -f{\rbrk}wt`os <uper'afanon\\[1ex] -j{\rbrk}'arsos; <Al'iou te gambr~wi q'olwsen >~htor -\end{Versi} -\end{verbatim} - -\Lipsiakostext -\begin{Versi}[45] -ta; pr'osje qeir~wn b'ian\\ -\paragr de\ladd{'i}xomen; -t`a d" >epi'onta da\ladd{'imo}n srine~i.---\\ -t'os" e>'ipen >ar'etaikmos <'hrws;\\ -t{\rbrk}'afon d`e naub'atai\\ -f{\rbrk}wt`os <uper'afanon\\[1ex] -j{\rbrk}'arsos; <Al'iou te gambr~wi q'olwsen >~htor -\end{Versi} -\NoLipsiakostext - -\item[\texttt{VERSI}] This third poetry environment behaves -similarly to \texttt{Versi} but it displays a double verse -enumeration in the left margin. The principal verse enumeration -is displayed when the value is a multiple of 5; the second -enumeration, just to the left of the verses, may be turned on and -off; when the secondary enumeration is on, the verses are flush -left, while when it is off the verses are suitably indented. The -turning on and off of the secondary enumeration is achieved by -means of the commands \comando\SubVerso\ and \comando\NoSubVerso; -the syntax is as follows: - \begin{quote}\let\c\comando\obeylines - \c\begin\brArg{VERSI}\opt{outer number} - \Arg{verses} - \c\end\brArg{VERSI} - \null{} - \c\SubVerso\opt{inner number} - \c\NoSubVerso{} - \end{quote} -where \Arg{outer number} is the starting value of the primary -verse enumeration, while \Arg{inner number} is the starting value -of the secondary enumeration. The commands \comando\SubVerso\ and -\comando\NoSubVerso\ must be input at the very beginning of the -verse they should be applicable to. The command \comando{\\} behaves -as in \LaTeX, and accepts the usual optional arguments. - -With the environments \texttt{Versi} and \texttt{VERSI} when typesetting in two -column format, you have the possibility of specifying \comando\BreakVersitrue\ -(and of course \comando\BreakVersifalse) for allowing (or disallowing) line -breaks of verses; broken verses are continued in the next line with a -generous indentation so as to recognize them as belonging to the same verse; -the verse counter is not incremented when breaking verses across lines. - -\NoLipsiakostext - -\begin{verbatim} -\begin{VERSI}[40] -k'elomai pol\ua stonon\\ -\SubVerso[18] ->er'uken <'ub\apex rin; o>u g`ar >`an j'eloi-\\ -\NoSubVerso -m'' >'ambroton >erann`on >Ao\lbrk ~us\\ -\SubVerso ->ide~in f'aos, >epe'i tin'' >h"ij\siniz{'e\lbrk w}n\\ -s`u dam'aseias >a'ekon-\\ -\NoSubVerso -ta; pr'osje qeir~wn b'ian\\ -\SubVerso -\paragr de\ladd{'i}xomen; -t`a d'' >epi'onta da\ladd{'imw}n krine~i.\GEcdq\\ -\SubVerso[1] -t'os'' e>~ipen >ar'etaiqmos <'hrws;\\ -t\rbrk 'afon d`e na\ua batai\\ -f\rbrk wt`os <uper'afanon\\ -j\rbrk 'arsos;\Dots[4] -\end{VERSI} -\end{verbatim} - -\Lipsiakostext -\begin{VERSI}[40] -k'elomai pol\ua stonon\\ -\SubVerso[18] ->er'uken <'ub\apex rin; o>u g`ar >`an j'eloi-\\ -\NoSubVerso -m'' >'ambroton >erann`on >Ao\lbrk ~us\\ -\SubVerso ->ide~in f'aos, >epe'i tin'' >h"ij\siniz{'e\lbrk w}n\\ -s`u dam'aseias >a'ekon-\\ -\NoSubVerso -ta; pr'osje qeir~wn b'ian\\ -\SubVerso -\coronis de\ladd{'i}xomen; t`a d'' >epi'onta da\ladd{'imw}n krine~i.\GEcdq\\ -\SubVerso[1] -t'os'' e>~ipen >ar'etaiqmos <'hrws;\\ -t\rbrk 'afon d`e na\ua batai\\ -f\rbrk wt`os <uper'afanon\\ -j\rbrk 'arsos;\Dots[4] -\end{VERSI} -\NoLipsiakostext -\item[\texttt{bracedmetrics}] This is an environment different -from the preceding ones, although it always deals with verses. -Its purpose is to set the verse metric lines grouped with a right -brace, so as to show the variants of a certain metric scheme. - -\begin{sloppypar} -In order to align the metric variants and in order to place the -right brace in the proper place it is necessary to fix specific -lengths in terms of a unit that is compatible with the metric -symbols; therefore the syntax of such spacing command and of the -environment itself is the following - \begin{quote}\let\c\comando\obeylines - \c\begin\brArg{bracedmetrics}\ARG{length} - \Arg{metric lines} - \c\end\brArg{bracedmetrics} - \null - \c\verseskip\ARG{number} - \end{quote} -where \Arg{number} specifies the number of metric symbols the -\comando\verseskip\ should be equivalent to. Approximately the -\comando\verseskip\ will be as long as a sequence of \Arg{number} -long syllables; the \Arg{length} specified as the width of the -environment should equal the longest metric line contained in the -block, and should be specified by means of the -\comando\verseskip\ command with its argument; but since the -metric symbols are not all of the same length, it is wise to -count the symbols of the longest metric line and to add a couple -of units; after producing the first draft it is possible to review -the number specified as the argument of \comando\verseskip. Of -course the same \comando\verseskip\ command may be used to align -the various fragments of metric lines within the environment. -Examine the following example of input code: -\begin{verbatim} -\begin{verse} - \brevis\svert\longa\brevis\brevis\longa - \brevis\brevis\longa\svert\longa\\ - \begin{bracedmetrics}{\verseskip{13}} - \Hfill \brevis\svert\longa\brevis\longa - \svert\longa\\ - \longa\brevis\brevis\longa\brevis\brevis - \zeugma{\longa\svert\longa}\\ - \Hfill\longa\brevis\longa\svert\longa - \verseskip{2}\\ - \Hfill\longa\brevis\longa\dBar - \end{bracedmetrics}\\ - \begin{bracedmetrics}{\longa\brevis\brevis\longa - \brevis\brevis\longa\svert\longa} - \longa\brevis\brevis\longa\brevis\brevis - \longa\svert\longa\\ - \longa\brevis\brevis\longa\brevis\brevis\longa - \end{bracedmetrics}\\ -\verseskip{7}\brevis\brevis\longa\svert\ubarbrevis\tBar -\end{verse}% -\end{verbatim} -which produces: -\begin{verse} - \brevis\svert\longa\brevis\brevis\longa - \brevis\brevis\longa\svert\longa\\ - \begin{bracedmetrics}{\verseskip{13}} - \Hfill \brevis\svert\longa\brevis\longa\svert\longa\\ - \longa\brevis\brevis\longa\brevis\brevis - \zeugma{\longa\svert\longa}\\ - \Hfill\longa\brevis\longa\svert\longa\verseskip{2}\\ - \Hfill\longa\brevis\longa\dBar - \end{bracedmetrics}\\ - \begin{bracedmetrics}{\longa\brevis\brevis\longa - \brevis\brevis\longa\svert\longa} - \longa\brevis\brevis\longa\brevis\brevis\longa\svert\longa\\ - \longa\brevis\brevis\longa\brevis\brevis\longa - \end{bracedmetrics}\\ -\verseskip{7}\brevis\brevis\longa\svert\ubarbrevis\tBar -\end{verse}% -\end{sloppypar} - -\end{description} - -\section*{Acknowledgements} -I warmly thank Paolo Ciacchi for his patience in driving me along the path of -philological typography, which was totally unknown to me. He patiently chose -examples from the best printed books, scanned them and sent them to me by -e-mail; he patiently pointed out the flaws of my programming and suggested -ameliorations. Recently this young man discussed his master thesis, and I am -sure that his deep love for ancient classics will drive him to a position where -he will have all the satisfactions he deserves. - -%And up to date \texttt{teubner.sty} is not finished yet! -% \begin{flushright} -% Turin, 2006/01/16 -% \end{flushright} -\end{document} |