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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/revtex/differ.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/revtex/differ.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..382d4b21732 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/revtex/differ.tex @@ -0,0 +1,567 @@ +%% ****** Start of file authguide.tex ****** % +%% +%% This file is part of the APS files in the REVTeX 4 distribution. +%% Version 4.0 of REVTeX, August 2001 +%% +%% Copyright (c) 2000, 2001 The American Physical Society. +%% +%% See the REVTeX 4 README file for restrictions and more information. +%% +\documentclass[% +%prl% +%,preprint% +,twocolumn% +,secnumarabic% +%,tightenlines% +,amssymb,aps,prl,nobibnotes]{revtex4} +\usepackage{docs} +%\usepackage{acrofont}%NOTE: Comment out this line for the release version! +%\usepackage[colorlinks=true,linkcolor=blue]{hyperref}% +%\nofiles +\expandafter\ifx\csname package@font\endcsname\relax\else + \expandafter\expandafter + \expandafter\usepackage + \expandafter\expandafter + \expandafter{\csname package@font\endcsname}% +\fi +\DeclareRobustCommand\substyle{\name@idx{document substyle}}% +\DeclareRobustCommand\classoption{\name@idx{document class option}}% +\DeclareRobustCommand\classname{\name@idx{document class}}% +\def\name@idx#1#2{% + {\ttfamily#2}% + \index{#2\space#1=\string\ttt{#2}\space#1}\index{#1>#2=\string\ttt{#2}}% +}% + +\DeclareRobustCommand\revtex{REV\TeX} +\begin{document} +\title{Differences between \revtex~4 and \revtex~3}% +\author{American Physical Society}% +\email{revtex4@aps.org} +\affiliation{1 Research Road, Ridge, NY 11961} +\date{August 2001}% +\maketitle +\tableofcontents + +\section{Introduction} +This document gives a brief summary of how \revtex~4 is different from +what authors may already be familiar with. The two primary design +goals for \revtex~4 are to 1) move to \LaTeXe\ and 2) improve the +markup so that infomation can be more reliably extracted for the +editorial and production processes. Both of these goals require that +authors comfortable with earlier versions of \revtex\ change their +habits. In addition, authors may already be familiar with the standard +\classname{article.cls} in \LaTeXe. \revtex~4 differs in some +important ways from this class as well. For more complete +documentation on \revtex~4, see the main \textit{\revtex~4 Author's +Guide}. The most important changes are in the markup of the front +matter (title, authors, affiliations, abstract, etc.). Please see +Sec.~\ref{sec:front}. + +\section{Version of \LaTeX} +The most obvious difference between \revtex~4 and \revtex~3 is that +\revtex~4 works solely with \LaTeXe; it is not useable as a \LaTeX2.09 package. +Furthermore, \revtex~4 requires an up-to-date \LaTeX\ installation +(1996/06/01 or later); its use under older versions is not supported. + +\section{Class Options and Defaults} +Many of the class options in \revtex~3 have been retained in +\revtex~4. However, the default behavior for these options can be +different than in \revtex~3. Currently, there is only one society +option, \classoption{aps}, and this is the default. Furthermore, the +selection of a journal (such as \classoption{prl}) will automatically +set the society as well (this will be true even after other societies +are added). + +In \revtex~3, it was necessary to invoke the \classoption{floats}, but +this is the default for \classoption{aps} journal in +\revtex~4. \revtex~4 introduces two new class options, +\classoption{endfloats} and \classoption{endfloats*} for moving floats +to the end of the paper. + +The preamble commands \cmd{\draft} and \cmd{\tighten} have been replaced +with new class options \classoption{draft} and +\classoption{tightenlines}, respectively. The \cmd{\preprint} command +is now used only for specifying institutional report numbers (typeset +in the upper-righthand corner of the first page); it no longer +influences whether PACS numbers are displayed below the abstract. PACS +display is controlled by the \classoption{showpacs} and +\classoption{noshowpacs} (default) class options. + +Paper size options (\classoption{letter}, \classoption{a4paper}, etc.) +work in \revtex~4. The text ``Typeset by \revtex'' no longer appears +by default - the option \classoption{byrevtex} will place this text in +the lower-lefthand corner of the first page. + +\section{One- and Two-column formatting} + +\revtex~4 has excellent support for achieving the two-column +formatting in the \textit{Physical~Review} and \textit{Reviews of +Modern Physics} styles. It will balance the columns +automatically. Whereas \revtex~3 had the \cmd{\widetext} and +\cmd{\narrowtext} commands for switching between one- and two-cloumn +modes, \revtex~4 simply has a \env{widetext} environment, +\envb{widetext} \dots \enve{widetext}. One-column formatting can be +specified by choosing either the \classoption{onecolumn} or +\classoption{preprint} class option (the \revtex~3 option +\classoption{manuscript} no longer exists). Two-column formatting is +the default for most journal styles, but can be specified with the +\classoption{twocolumn} option. Note that the spacing for +\classoption{preprint} is now set to 1.5, rather than full +double-spacing. The \classoption{tightenlines} option can be used to +reduce this to single spacing. + + +\section{Front Matter Markup} +\label{sec:front} + +\revtex~4 has substantially changed how the front matter for an article +is marked up. These are the most significant differences between +\revtex~4 and other systems for typesetting manuscripts. It is +essential that authors new to \revtex~4 be familiar with these changes. + +\subsection{Authors, Affiliations, and Author Notes} +\revtex~4 has substantially changed the markup of author names, +affiliations, and author notes (footnotes giving additional +information about the author such as a permanent address or an email +address). +\begin{itemize} +\item Each author name should appear separately in +individual \cmd\author\ macros. + +\item Email addresses should be marked up using the \cmd\email\ macro. + +\item Alternative affiliation information should be marked up using +the \cmd\altaffiliation\ macro. + +\item URLs for author home pages can be specified with a +\cmd\homepage\ macro. + +\item The \cmd\thanks\ macro should only be used if one of the above +don't apply. + +\item \cmd{\email}, \cmd{\homepage}, \cmd{\altaffiliation}, and +\cmd{\thanks} commands are grouped together under a single footnote for +each author. These footnotes can either appear at the bottom of the +first page of the article or as the first entries in the +bibliography. The journal style controls this placement, but it may be +overridden by using the class options \classoption{bibnotes} and +\classoption{nobibnotes}. Note that these footnotes are treated +differently than the other footnotes in the article. + +\item The grouping of authors by affiliations is accomplished +automatically. Each affiliation should be in its own +\cmd{\affiliation} command. Multiple \cmd{\affiliation}, +\cmd{\email}, \cmd{\homepage}, \cmd{\altaffiliation}, and \cmd{\thanks} +commands can be applied to each author. The macro \cmd\and\ has been +eliminated. + +\item \cmd\affiliation\ commmands apply to all previous authors that +don't have an affiliation already declared. Furthermore, for any +particular author, the \cmd\affilation\ must follow any \cmd{\email}, +\cmd{\homepage}, \cmd{\altaffiliation}, or \cmd{\thanks} commands for +that author. + +\item Footnote-style associations of authors with affilitations should +not be done via explicit superscripts; rather, the class option +\classoption{superscriptaddress} should be used to accomplish this +automatically. + +\item A collaboration for a group of authors can be given using the +\cmd\collaboration\ command. + +\end{itemize} + +Table~\ref{tab:front} summarizes some common pitfalls in moving from +\revtex~3 to \revtex~4. +\begin{table*} +\begin{ruledtabular} +\begin{tabular}{lll} +\textbf{\revtex~3 Markup} & \textbf{\revtex~4 Markup} & \textbf{Explanation}\\ +& & \\ +\verb+\author{Author One and Author Two}+ & \verb+\author{Author One}+ & One name per\\ +& \verb+\author{Author Two}+ & \verb+\author+ \\ +& & \\ +\verb+\author{Author One$^{1}$}+ & \verb+\author{Author One}+& Use \classoption{superscriptaddress}\\ +\dots &\dots & class option \\ +\verb+\address{$^{1}$APS}+ &\verb+\affiliation{APS}+ & \\ +& & \\ +\verb+\thanks{Permanent address...}+ & \verb+\altaffiliation{}+& Use most +specific macro \\ +\verb+\thanks{Electronic address: user@domain.edu}+ & +\verb+\email{user@domain.edu}+& available\\ +\verb+\thanks{http://publish.aps.org/}+ & +\verb+\homepage{http://publish.aps.org/}+& \\ +\end{tabular} +\end{ruledtabular} +\caption{Common mistakes in marking up the front matter} +\label{tab:front} +\end{table*} + + +\subsection{Abstracts} +\revtex~4, like \revtex~3, uses the \env{abstract} environment +\envb{abstract} \dots \enve{abstract} for the abstract. The +\env{abstract} environment must appear before the \cmd{\maketitle} +command in \revtex~4. The abstract will be formatted +appropriately for either one-column (preprint) or two-column +formatting. In particular, in the two-column case, the abstract will +automatically be placed in a single column that spans the width of the +page. It is unnecessary to use a \cmd{\minipage} or any other macro to +achieve this result. + + +\section{Citations and References} + +\revtex~4 uses the same \cmd{\cite},\cmd{\ref}, and \cmd{\bibitem} +commmands as standard \LaTeX\ and \revtex~3. Citation handling is +based upon Patick Daly's \classname{natbib} package. The +\env{references} environment is no longer used. Instead, use the +standard \LaTeXe\ environment \env{thebibliography}. + +Two new \BibTeX\ files have been included with \revtex~4, +\file{apsrev.bst} and \file{apsrmp.bst}. These will format references +in the style of \textit{Physical Review} and \textit{Reviews of Modern +Physics} respectively. In addition, these \BibTeX\ styles +automatically apply a special macro \cmd{\bibinfo} to each element of the +bibliography to make it easier to extract information for use in the +editorial and production processes. Authors are strongly urged to use +\BibTeX\ to manage their bibliographies so that the \cmd{\bibinfo} +directives will be automatically included. Other bibliography styles +can be specified by using the \cmd\bibliographystyle\ command, but +unlike standard \LaTeXe, you must give this command \emph{before} the +\envb{document} statement. + +Please note that the package \classname{cite.sty} is not needed with +\revtex~4 and is incompatible. + +\section{Footnotes and Tablenotes} +\label{sec:foot} + +\revtex~4 uses the standard \cmd{\footnote} macro for +footnotes. Footnotes can either appear on the bottom of the page on +which they occur or they can appear as entries at the end of the +bibliography. As with author notes, the journal style option controls +the placement; however, this can be overridden with the class options +\classoption{footinbib} and \classoption{nofootinbib}. + +Within a table, the \cmd{\footnote} command behaves differently. Footnotes +appear at the bottom of the table. \cmd{\footnotemark} and +\cmd{\footnotetext} are also available within the table environment so +that multiple table entries can share the same footnote text. There +is no longer a need to use a \cmd{\tablenote}, \cmd{\tablenotemark}, +and \cmd{\tablenotetext} macros. + +\section{Section Commands} + +The title in a \cmd\section\marg{title} command will be automatically +uppercased in \revtex~4. To prevent a particular letter from being +uppercased, enclose it in curly braces. + +\section{Figures} + +Figures should be enclosed within either a \env{figure} or \env{figure*} +environment (the latter will cause the figure to span the full width +of the page in two-column mode). \LaTeXe\ has two convenient packages +for including the figure file itself: \classname{graphics} and +\classname{graphicx}. These two packages both define a macro +\cmd{\includegraphics} which calls in the figure. They differ in how +arguments for rotation, translation, and scaling are specified. The +package \classname{epsfig} has been re-implemented to use these +\classname{graphicx} package. The package \classname{epsfig} provides +an interface similar to that under the \revtex~3 \classoption{epsf} +class option. Authors should use these standard +\LaTeXe\ packages rather than some other alternative. + +\section{Tables} + +Short tables should be enclosed within either a \env{table} or \env{table*} +environmnent (the latter will cause the table to span the full width +of the page in two-column mode). The heart of the table is the +\env{tabular} environment. This will behave for the most part as in +standard \LaTeXe. Note that \revtex~4 no longer automatically adds +double (Scotch) rules around tables. Nor does the \env{tabular} +environment set various table parameters as before. Instead, a new +environment \env{ruledtabular} provides this functionality. This +environment should surround the \env{tabular} environment: +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{table} +\caption{...} +\label{tab:...} +\begin{ruledtabular} +\begin{tabular} +... +\end{tabular} +\end{ruledtabular} +\end{table} +\end{verbatim} + +Under \revtex~3, tables automatically break across pages. \revtex~4 +provides some of this functionality. However, this requires adding the +table a float placement option of [H] (meaning put the table +``here'') to the \envb{table} command. + +Long tables are more robustly handled by using the +\classname{longtable.sty} package included with the standard \LaTeXe\ +distribution (put \verb+\usepackage{longtable}+ in the preamble). This +package gives precise control over the layout of the table. \revtex~4 +goes out of its way to provide patches so that the \env{longtable} +environment will work within a two-column format. A new +\env{longtable*} environment is also provided for long tables that are +too wide for a narrow column. (Note that the \env{table*} and +\env{longtable*} environments should always be used rather than +attempting to use the \env{widetext} environment.) + +To create tables with columns of numbers aligned on decimal points, +load the standard \LaTeXe\ \classname{dcolumn} package and use the +\verb+d+ column specifier. The content of each cell in the column is +implicitly in math mode: Use of math delimiters (\verb+$+) is unnecessary +in a \verb+d+ column. + +Footnotes within a table can be specified with the +\cmd{\footnote} command (see Sec.~\ref{sec:foot}). + +\section{Font selection} + +The largest difference between \revtex~3 and \revtex~4 with respect to +fonts is that \revtex~4 allows one use the \LaTeXe\ font commands such +as \cmd{\textit}, \cmd{\texttt}, \cmd{\textbf} etc. These commands +should be used in place of the basic \TeX/\LaTeX\ 2.09 font commands +such as \cmd{\it}, \cmd{\tt}, \cmd{\bf}, etc. The new font commands +better handle subtleties such as italic correction and scaling in +super- and subscripts. + +\section{Math and Symbols} + +\revtex~4 depends more heavily on packages from the standard \LaTeXe\ +distribution and AMS-\LaTeX\ than \revtex~3 did. Thus, \revtex~4 users +should make sure their \LaTeXe\ distributions are up to date and they +should install AMS-\LaTeX\ 2.0 as well. In general, if any fine control of +equation layout, special math symbols, or other specialized math +constructs are needed, users should look to the \classname{amsmath} +package (see the AMS-\LaTeX\ documentation). + +\revtex~4 provides a small number of additional diacritics, symbols, +and bold parentheses. Table~\ref{tab:revsymb} summarizes this. + +\begin{table} +\caption{Special \revtex~4 symbols, accents, and boldfaced parentheses +defined in \file{revsymb.sty}} +\label{tab:revsymb} +\begin{ruledtabular} +\begin{tabular}{ll|ll} +\cmd\lambdabar & $\lambdabar$ &\cmd\openone & $\openone$\\ +\cmd\altsuccsim & $\altsuccsim$ & \cmd\altprecsim & $\altprecsim$ \\ +\cmd\alt & $\alt$ & \cmd\agt & $\agt$ \\ +\cmd\tensor\ x & $\tensor x$ & \cmd\overstar\ x & $\overstar x$ \\ +\cmd\loarrow\ x & $\loarrow x$ & \cmd\roarrow\ x & $\roarrow x$ \\ +\cmd\biglb\ ( \cmd\bigrb ) & $\biglb( \bigrb)$ & +\cmd\Biglb\ ( \cmd\Bigrb )& $\Biglb( \Bigrb)$ \\ +& & \\ +\cmd\bigglb\ ( \cmd\biggrb ) & $\bigglb( \biggrb)$ & +\cmd\Bigglb\ ( \cmd\Biggrb\ ) & $\Bigglb( \Biggrb)$ \\ +\end{tabular} +\end{ruledtabular} +\end{table} + +Here is a partial list of the more notable changes between \revtex~3 +and \revtex~4 math: +\begin{itemize} +\item Bold math characters should now be handle via the standard +\LaTeXe\ \classname{bm} package (use \cmd{\bm} instead of \cmd{\bbox}). +\cmd{\bm} will handle Greek letters and other symbols. + +\item Use the class options \classoption{amsmath}, +\classoption{amsfonts} and \classoption{amssymb} to get even more math +fonts and symbols. \cmd{\mathfrak} and \cmd{\mathbb} will, for instance, give +Fraktur and Blackboard Bold symbols. + +\item Use the \classoption{fleqn} class option for making equation +flush left or right. \cmd{\FL} and \cmd{\FR} are no longer provided. + +\item In place of \cmd{\eqnum}, load the \classname{amsmath} package +[\verb+\usepackage{amsmath}+] and use \cmd{\tag}. + +\item In place of \cmd{\case}, use \cmd{\textstyle}\cmd{\frac}. + +\item In place of the \env{mathletters} environment, load the +\classname{amsmath} package and use \env{subequations} environment. + +\item In place of \cmd{\slantfrac}, use \cmd{\frac}. + +\item The macros \cmd{\corresponds}, \cmd{\overdots}, and +\cmd{\overcirc} have been removed. See Table~\ref{tab:obsolete}. + +\end{itemize} + +\section{Obsolete \revtex~3.1 commands} + +Table~\ref{tab:obsolete} summarizes more differences between \revtex~4 +and \revtex~3, particularly which \revtex~3 commands are now obsolete. + +\begin{table*} +\caption{Differences between \revtex~3.1 and \revtex~4 +markup}\label{tab:diff31} +\label{tab:obsolete} +\begin{ruledtabular} +\begin{tabular}{lp{330pt}} +\textbf{\revtex~3.1 command}&\textbf{\revtex~4 replacement} +\lrstrut\\ +\cmd\documentstyle\oarg{options}\aarg{\classname{revtex}}&\cmd\documentclass\oarg{options}\aarg{\classname{revtex4}} +\\ +option \classoption{manuscript}& \classoption{preprint} +\\ +\cmd\tighten\ preamble command & \classoption{tightenlines} class option +\\ +\cmd\draft\ preamble command & \classoption{draft} class option +\\ +\cmd\author & \cmd\author\marg{name} may appear +multiple times; each signifies a new author name.\\ + & \cmd\collaboration\marg{name}: +Collaboration name (should appear after last \cmd\author)\\ + & \cmd\homepage\marg{URL}: URL for preceding author\\ + & \cmd\email\marg{email}: email +address for preceding author\\ + & \cmd{\altaffiliation}: alternate +affiliation for preceding \cmd\author\\ +\cmd\thanks & \cmd\thanks, but use only for +information not covered by \cmd{\email}, \cmd{\homepage}, or \cmd{\altaffilitiation}\\ +\cmd\and & obsolete, remove this command\\ +\cmd\address & \cmd\affiliation\marg{institution}\ gives the affiliation for the group of authors above\\ + & \cmd\affiliation\oarg{note} lets you specify a footnote to this institution\\ + & \cmd\noaffiliation\ signifies that the above authors have no affiliation\\ + +\cmd\preprint & \cmd\preprint\marg{number} can appear multiple times, and must precede \cmd\maketitle\\ +\cmd\pacs & \cmd\pacs\ must precede \cmd\maketitle\\ +\env{abstract} environment & \env{abstract} environment must precede \cmd\maketitle\\ +\cmd\wideabs & obsolete, remove this command\\ +\cmd\maketitle & \cmd\maketitle\ must follow +\emph{all} front matter data commands\\ +\cmd\narrowtext & obsolete, remove this command\\ +\cmd\mediumtext & obsolete, remove this command\\ +\cmd\widetext & obsolete, replace with \env{widetext} environment\\ +\cmd\FL & obsolete, remove this command\\ +\cmd\FR & obsolete, remove this command\\ +\cmd\eqnum & replace with \cmd\tag, load \classname{amsmath}\\ +\env{mathletters} & replace with \env{subequations}, load +\classname{amsmath}\\ +\env{tabular} environment & No longer puts in doubled-rules. Enclose \env{tabular} in \env{ruledtabular} to get old behavior.\\ +\env{quasitable} environment & obsolete, \env{tabular} environment no longer +puts in rules\\ +\env{references} environment & replace with \env{thebibliography}\verb+{}+\\ +\cmd\case & replace with \cmd\textstyle\cmd\frac\\ +\cmd\slantfrac & replace with \cmd\frac\\ +\cmd\tablenote & replace with \cmd\footnote\\ +\cmd\tablenotemark & replace with \cmd\footnotemark\\ +\cmd\tablenotetext & replace with \cmd\footnotetext\lrstrut\\ +\cmd\overcirc & Use standard \LaTeXe\ \cmd\mathring\ \\ +\cmd\overdots & Use \cmd\dddot\ with \classoption{amsmath}\\ +\cmd\corresponds & Use \cmd\triangleq\ with \classoption{amssymb}\\ +\classoption{epsf} class option & \verb+\usepackage{epsfig}+\\ +\end{tabular} +\end{ruledtabular} +\end{table*} + + +\section{Converting a \revtex~3.1 Document to \revtex~4}\label{sec:conv31}% + +\revtex~3 documents can be converted to \revtex~4 rather +straightforwardly. The following checklist covers most of the major +steps involved. + +\begin{itemize} +\item Change \cmd\documentstyle\verb+{revtex}+ to +\cmd\documentclass\verb+{revtex4}+, and run the document under +\LaTeXe\ instead of \LaTeX2.09. + +\item +Replace the \cmd\draft\ command with the \classoption{draft} class option. + +\item +Replace the \cmd\tighten\ command with the \classoption{tightenlines} +class option. + +\item +For each \cmd\author\ command, split the multiple authors into +individual \cmd\author\ commands. Remove any instances of \cmd\and. + +\item For superscript-style associations between authors and +affiliations, remove explicit superscripts and use the +\classoption{superscriptaddress} class option. + +\item +Use \cmd\affiliation\ instead of \cmd\address. + +\item +Put \cmd\maketitle\ after the \env{abstract} environment and any +\cmd\pacs\ commands. + +\item If double-ruled table borders are desired, enclose \env{tabular} +enviroments in \env{ruledtabular} environments. + +\item +Convert long tables to \env{longtable}, and load the +\classname{longtable} package. Alternatively, give the \env{table} +an [H] float placement parameter so that the table will break automatically. + +\item +Replace any instances of the \cmd\widetext\ and \cmd\narrowtext\ +commands with the \env{widetext} environment. +Usually, the \envb{widetext} statement will replace the \cmd\widetext\ +command, and the \enve{widetext} statement replaces the matching +\cmd\narrowtext\ command. + +Note in this connection that due to a curious feature of \LaTeX\ +itself, \revtex~4 having a \env{widetext} environment means that it +also has a definition for the \cmd\widetext\ command, even though the +latter cammand is not intended to be used in your document. +Therefore, it is particularly important to remove +all \cmd\widetext\ commands when converting to \revtex~4. + +\item +Remove all obsolete commands: \cmd\FL, \cmd\FR, \cmd\narrowtext, and +\cmd\mediumtext\ (see Table~\ref{tab:diff31}). + +\item +Replace \cmd\case\ with \cmd\frac. If a fraction needs to be set +in text style despite being in a display equation, use the +construction \cmd\textstyle\cmd\frac. Note that \cmd\frac\ does not +support the syntax \cmd\case\verb+1/2+. + +\item +Replace \cmd\slantfrac\ with \cmd\frac. + +\item +Change \cmd\frak\ to \cmd\mathfrak\marg{char}\index{Fraktur} and +\cmd\Bbb\ to \cmd\mathbb\marg{char}\index{Blackboard Bold}, and invoke +one of the class options \classoption{amsfonts} or +\classoption{amssymb}. + +\item +Replace environment \env{mathletters} with environment +\env{subequations} and load the \classname{amsmath} package. + +\item +Replace \cmd\eqnum\ with \cmd\tag\ and load the \classname{amsmath} package. + +\item +Replace \cmd\bbox\ with \cmd\bm\ and load the \classname{bm} package. + +\item +If using the \cmd\text\ command, load the \classname{amsmath} package. + +\item +If using the \verb+d+ column specifier in \env{tabular} environments, +load the \classname{dcolumn} package. Under \classname{dcolumn}, the +content of each \verb+d+ column cell is implicitly in math mode: +remove any \verb+$+ math delimiters appearing in cells in a \verb+d+ +column. + +\item +Replace \cmd\tablenote\ with \cmd\footnote, \cmd\tablenotemark\ with +\cmd\footnotemark, and \cmd\tablenotetext\ with \cmd\footnotetext. + +\item +Replace \envb{references} with \envb{thebibliography}\verb+{}+; +\enve{references} with \enve{thebibliography}. +\end{itemize} +\end{document} |