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+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% File: mxd4tex.tex
+% Date: November 5, 2001
+% Author: Oliver Corff
+% (c) 2001 Ulaanbaatar, Macau, Shenyang, Berlin
+%
+% A package for providing the Xewtee Dorboljin
+% script to LaTeX-users.
+%
+% NB: This package requires LaTeX2e!
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{article}
+\usepackage{mxd}
+\newcommand{\g}{$\gamma$}
+\newcommand{\XD}{X\"awt\"a\"a D\"orb\"oljin}
+\begin{document}
+\title{{\mxd\textbf{\Huge\sA}} \\
+ \vspace{.75cm}
+ \sf \XD, or \\
+ The Mongolian Horizontal Square Alphabet\\
+ for \LaTeXe,\\
+ Release \mxdVersion}
+\author{Oliver Corff}
+\date{November.~5th, 2001}
+%\markboth{\sf \XD\ for \LaTeX }{\sf \XD\ for LaTeX }
+\pagestyle{myheadings}
+\maketitle
+\thispagestyle{myheadings}
+
+\begin{abstract}The Mongolian \XD, or Horizontal Square Alphabet
+ was created in the 17th century. It is closely modelled after
+ Tibetan and was intended to revive the ideas behind the Phagsba
+ script. The script is rarely used today and can be mainly found
+ in religious inscriptions.
+
+ This software is still in its alpha state and released as a
+ preview.
+\end{abstract}
+
+\tableofcontents
+
+\section{Introduction}
+{\sf \XD\ for \LaTeX} is a package providing the \XD\
+script for \LaTeX\ users.
+The \XD\ script was developed in 1686 by the famous
+Mongolian monk and scholar Zanabazar. Modelled after
+the Tibetan script, the \XD\ script combines
+the phonemic repertoire of Mongolian, Sanskrit, and Tibetan.
+The script is not in wide use today; its
+usage is basically limited to religious texts, inscriptions on
+temples, etc.
+
+The logical construction of the script is two-dimensional, not
+linear. Basic consonants are combined with vowels and final consonants
+in a way similar to Tibetan; in fact, most of the letter shapes
+as well as the arrangement of the alphabet was heavily influenced
+by Tibetan.
+
+The basic consonant fills the major area of the symbol; if no
+vowel sign is added, the basic vowel {\em a} is assumed; if a
+vowel is added, then it is either placed on top of the character
+(in case of {\em i, \"a, o, \"o}) or in the lower third of the
+character box (in the cases of {\em \"u, u}). Long vowels are
+marked by a protruding tip of the right-side beam.
+
+
+\section{How to use the \XD\ package}
+This section describes which commands are needed for invoking the
+characters, and how special symbols are entered.
+
+\subsection{Declarations and Commands}
+In order to use the \XD\ script, the preamble of your document
+must contain the declaration \verb"\usepackage{mxd}". This
+is the only necessary step. The command \verb"\mxd" switches
+to the \XD\ character set and text input commands.
+
+\subsection{Input Method}
+Within a group declared by \verb"\mxd", entering most
+of the basic characters is straightforward. Initial consonants
+are entered as such. Vowels are entered by
+using lowercase letters for back vowels and uppercase letters
+for front vowels: {\em o \"o u \"u} are entered as {\tt o O u U}.
+
+The following example shows how the words {\em xamu\g\ s\"adgil-t\"u}
+written in \XD\ {\mxd kamug sedgiltU} translate into a
+sequence of transliteration and input characters:
+\verb|xamug sedgiltU|.
+
+In order to show the construction of the \XD\ characters (for
+writing text books, etc.) one blind or dummy character {\mxd `}
+was created which does not appear in the original alphabet.
+
+The symbols used for
+spelling Sanskrit and Tibetan are accessed by control sequences
+in the form of \verb"\sXX" where \verb"\s" stands for \XD\
+and {\tt XX} has to be replaced by a one-, two- or three-letter
+combination found in the encoding table.
+
+\subsection{Script Styles}
+The following sequence shows how the \XD\ alphabet is arranged
+as shown in Mongolian block prints of the 17th century:
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\begin{verbatim}
+{\mxd \Large \noindent%
+\sA. namo\sg{}uruma no\$aya. 'a'a-'i'i-'e'e-'U\\
+'U-'u'u-'o'o-'O'O-'a'a.~gakanga. zacanya. da\\
+tana.bapama. yaralawa. shasa{}ha\sks{}.T\sth\sdd\sdh\sdn.\\
+Xq@. \sg{}).j\sjh\sds. \sD\sDH. \sB\sBH. \sri\sri-\sli\sli-.}
+\end{verbatim}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+There is a total of four script styles available: a normal and a
+boldface variant which are accompanied by a {\em wood block} script
+style which introduces tiny irregularities in lengths and angles.
+
+
+\subsubsection{{\em Normal} Script Example}
+
+The normal script is selected by default when switching to \XD. No
+additional font command is necessary.
+
+{\mxd \Large \noindent%
+\sA. namo\sg{}uruma no\$aya. 'a'a-'i'i-'e'e-'U\\
+'U-'u'u-'o'o-'O'O-'a'a.~gakanga. zacanya. da\\
+tana.bapama. yaralawa. shasa{}ha\sks{}.T\sth\sdd\sdh\sdn.\\
+Xq@. \sg{}).j\sjh\sds. \sD\sDH. \sB\sBH. \sri\sri-\sli\sli-.}
+
+
+
+\subsubsection{{\em Bold} Script Example}
+
+{\em Bold} script is selected via \verb|\bfseries|:
+
+{\mxd \bfseries \Large \noindent%
+\sA. namo\sg{}uruma no\$aya. 'a'a-'i'i-'e'e-'U\\
+'U-'u'u-'o'o-'O'O-'a'a. gakanga. zacanya. da\\
+tana.bapama. yaralawa. shasa|ha\sks{}.T\sth\sdd\sdh\sdn.\\
+Xq@. \sg{}).j\sjh\sds. \sD\sDH. \sB\sBH. \sri\sri-\sli\sli-.}
+
+
+\subsubsection{{\em Wood} Script Example}
+
+The {\em Wood} scripts simulate the small irregularities of old
+block prints; in \LaTeXe\ terms, they are considered as an
+\verb|\itshape|, hence {\em Wood} script is selected via
+\verb|\itshape|:
+
+{\mxd \Large \itshape \noindent%
+\sA. namo\sg{}uruma no\$aya. 'a'a-'i'i-'e'e-'U\\
+'U-'u'u-'o'o-'O'O-'a'a. gakanga. zacanya. da\\
+tana.bapama. yaralawa. shasa|ha\sks{}.T\sth\sdd\sdh\sdn.\\
+Xq@. \sg{}).j\sjh\sds. \sD\sDH. \sB\sBH. \sri\sri-\sli\sli-.}
+
+
+\subsubsection{{\em Wood Bold} Script Example}
+
+{\em Wood Bold} script is selected via \verb|\bfseries\itshape|:
+
+{\mxd \bfseries \itshape \Large \noindent%
+\sA. namo\sg{}uruma no\$aya. 'a'a-'i'i-'e'e-'U\\
+'U-'u'u-'o'o-'O'O-'a'a. gakanga. zacanya. da\\
+tana.bapama. yaralawa. shasa|ha\sks{}.T\sth\sdd\sdh\sdn.\\
+Xq@. \sg{}).j\sjh\sds. \sD\sDH. \sB\sBH. \sri\sri-\sli\sli-.}
+
+\section{LMX Encoding}
+
+The characters in the \XD\ package are arranged according to the
+LMX encoding (Local Mongolian Xewtee) as shown in table~\ref{table}.
+Please note that some the code positions used for Sanskrit
+transliterations have been defined, but a glyph is not yet
+provided.
+
+\begin{figure}
+\begin{center}
+\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
+\hline
+& 00 & 01 & 02 & 03 & 04 & 05 & 06 & 07 \\ \hline
+0 & {\large \mxd \ } &
+ {\large \mxd '} &
+ {\large \mxd g} &
+ {\large \mxd \$} &
+ {\large \mxd \sri} &
+ {\large \mxd \sDH} &
+ {\large \mxd \ssk} &
+ {\large \mxd \ } \\
+
+ & \footnotesize (000) &
+ \footnotesize (016:\verb|'|) &
+ \footnotesize (032:\verb|g|) &
+ \footnotesize (048:\verb|\$|) &
+ \footnotesize (064:\verb|\sri|) &
+ \footnotesize (080:\verb|\sDH|) &
+ \footnotesize (096:\verb|ssk|) &
+ \footnotesize (112) \\ \hline
+
+1 & {\large \mxd `} &
+ {\large \mxd `-} &
+ {\large \mxd k} &
+ {\large \mxd s} &
+ {\large \mxd \sri-} &
+ {\large \mxd \sB} &
+ {\large \mxd \srk} &
+ {\large \mxd \ } \\
+
+ & \footnotesize (001:\verb|`|) &
+ \footnotesize (017:\verb|`-|) &
+ \footnotesize (033:\verb|k|) &
+ \footnotesize (049:\verb|s|) &
+ \footnotesize (065:\verb|\sri-|) &
+ \footnotesize (081:\verb|\sB|) &
+ \footnotesize (097:\verb|\srk|) &
+ \footnotesize (113) \\ \hline
+
+2 & {\large \mxd \sA} &
+ {\large \mxd `i} &
+ {\large \mxd x} &
+ {\large \mxd h} &
+ {\large \mxd \sli} &
+ {\large \mxd \sBH} &
+ {\large \mxd Z} &
+ {\large \mxd \ } \\
+
+ & \footnotesize (002:\verb|\sA|) &
+ \footnotesize (018:\verb|`i|) &
+ \footnotesize (034:\verb|x|) &
+ \footnotesize (050:\verb|h|) &
+ \footnotesize (066:\verb|\sli|) &
+ \footnotesize (082:\verb|\sBH|) &
+ \footnotesize (098:\verb|Z|) &
+ \footnotesize (114) \\ \hline
+
+3 & {\large \mxd .} &
+ {\large \mxd `i-} &
+ {\large \mxd z} &
+ {\large \mxd \sks} &
+ {\large \mxd \sli-} &
+ {\large \mxd \sds} &
+ {\large \mxd C} &
+ {\large \mxd \ } \\
+
+ & \footnotesize (003:\verb|.|) &
+ \footnotesize (019:\verb|`i-|) &
+ \footnotesize (035:\verb|z|) &
+ \footnotesize (051:\verb|\sks|) &
+ \footnotesize (067:\verb|\sli-|) &
+ \footnotesize (083:\verb|\sds|) &
+ \footnotesize (099:\verb|C|) &
+ \footnotesize (115) \\ \hline
+
+4 & {\large \mxd .. } &
+ {\large \mxd `e} &
+ {\large \mxd c} &
+ {\large \mxd `G} &
+ {\large \mxd `0} &
+ {\large \mxd \sky} &
+ {\large \mxd J} &
+ {\large \mxd \ } \\
+
+ & \footnotesize (004:\verb|..|) &
+ \footnotesize (020:\verb|`e|) &
+ \footnotesize (036:\verb|c|) &
+ \footnotesize (052:\verb|`G|) &
+ \footnotesize (068:\verb|`0|) &
+ \footnotesize (084:\verb|\sky|) &
+ \footnotesize (100:\verb|J|) &
+ \footnotesize (116) \\ \hline
+
+5 & {\large \mxd \sO } &
+ {\large \mxd `e-} &
+ {\large \mxd =} &
+ {\large \mxd `K} &
+ {\large \mxd `H} &
+ {\large \mxd \skr} &
+ {\large \mxd X} &
+ {\large \mxd \ } \\
+
+ & \footnotesize (005:\verb|\sO|) &
+ \footnotesize (021:\verb|`e-|) &
+ \footnotesize (037:\verb|=|) &
+ \footnotesize (053:\verb|`K|) &
+ \footnotesize (069:\verb|`H|) &
+ \footnotesize (085:\verb|\skr|) &
+ \footnotesize (101:\verb|X|) &
+ \footnotesize (117) \\ \hline
+
+6 & {\large \mxd \ } &
+ {\large \mxd `U} &
+ {\large \mxd d} &
+ {\large \mxd `*} &
+ {\large \mxd \sg} &
+ {\large \mxd \skl} &
+ {\large \mxd q} &
+ {\large \mxd \ } \\
+
+ & \footnotesize (006) &
+ \footnotesize (022:\verb|`U|) &
+ \footnotesize (038:\verb|d|) &
+ \footnotesize (054:\verb|`*|) &
+ \footnotesize (070:\verb|\sg|) &
+ \footnotesize (086:\verb|\skl|) &
+ \footnotesize (102:\verb|q|) &
+ \footnotesize (118) \\ \hline
+
+7 & {\large \mxd \ } &
+ {\large \mxd `U-} &
+ {\large \mxd t} &
+ {\large \mxd `D} &
+ {\large \mxd \sgh} &
+ {\large \mxd \skm} &
+ {\large \mxd @} &
+ {\large \mxd \ } \\
+
+ & \footnotesize (007) &
+ \footnotesize (023:\verb|`U-|) &
+ \footnotesize (039:\verb|t|) &
+ \footnotesize (055:\verb|`D|) &
+ \footnotesize (071:\verb|\sgh|) &
+ \footnotesize (087:\verb|\skm|) &
+ \footnotesize (103:\verb|@|) &
+ \footnotesize (119) \\ \hline
+
+8 & {\large \mxd \ } &
+ {\large \mxd `u} &
+ {\large \mxd n} &
+ {\large \mxd `N} &
+ {\large \mxd j} &
+ {\large \mxd \skk} &
+ {\large \mxd \ } &
+ {\large \mxd \ } \\
+
+ & \footnotesize (008) &
+ \footnotesize (024:\verb|`u|) &
+ \footnotesize (040:\verb|n|) &
+ \footnotesize (056:\verb|`N|) &
+ \footnotesize (072:\verb|j|) &
+ \footnotesize (088:\verb|\skk|) &
+ \footnotesize (104) &
+ \footnotesize (120) \\ \hline
+
+9 & {\large \mxd \ } &
+ {\large \mxd `u-} &
+ {\large \mxd b} &
+ {\large \mxd `B} &
+ {\large \mxd \sjh} &
+ {\large \mxd \snk} &
+ {\large \mxd \ } &
+ {\large \mxd \ } \\
+
+ & \footnotesize (009) &
+ \footnotesize (025:\verb|`u-|) &
+ \footnotesize (041:\verb|b|) &
+ \footnotesize (057:\verb|`B|) &
+ \footnotesize (073:\verb|\sjh|) &
+ \footnotesize (089:\verb|\snk|) &
+ \footnotesize (105) &
+ \footnotesize (121) \\ \hline
+
+A & {\large \mxd \ } &
+ {\large \mxd `o} &
+ {\large \mxd p} &
+ {\large \mxd `M} &
+ {\large \mxd T} &
+ {\large \mxd \snc} &
+ {\large \mxd \ } &
+ {\large \mxd \ } \\
+
+ & \footnotesize (010) &
+ \footnotesize (026:\verb|`o|) &
+ \footnotesize (042:\verb|p|) &
+ \footnotesize (058:\verb|`M|) &
+ \footnotesize (074:\verb|T|) &
+ \footnotesize (090:\verb|\snc|) &
+ \footnotesize (106) &
+ \footnotesize (122) \\ \hline
+
+B & {\large \mxd \ } &
+ {\large \mxd `o-} &
+ {\large \mxd m} &
+ {\large \mxd `R} &
+ {\large \mxd \sth} &
+ {\large \mxd \snt} &
+ {\large \mxd \ } &
+ {\large \mxd \ } \\
+
+ & \footnotesize (011) &
+ \footnotesize (027:\verb|`o-|) &
+ \footnotesize (043:\verb|m|) &
+ \footnotesize (059:\verb|`R|) &
+ \footnotesize (075:\verb|\sth|) &
+ \footnotesize (091:\verb|\snt|) &
+ \footnotesize (107) &
+ \footnotesize (123) \\ \hline
+
+C & {\large \mxd \ } &
+ {\large \mxd `O} &
+ {\large \mxd y} &
+ {\large \mxd `L} &
+ {\large \mxd \sdd} &
+ {\large \mxd \snd} &
+ {\large \mxd \ } &
+ {\large \mxd \ } \\
+
+ & \footnotesize (012) &
+ \footnotesize (028:\verb|`O|) &
+ \footnotesize (044:\verb|y|) &
+ \footnotesize (060:\verb|`L|) &
+ \footnotesize (076:\verb|\sdd|) &
+ \footnotesize (092:\verb|\snd|) &
+ \footnotesize (108) &
+ \footnotesize (124) \\ \hline
+
+D & {\large \mxd \ } &
+ {\large \mxd `O-} &
+ {\large \mxd r} &
+ {\large \mxd `Q} &
+ {\large \mxd \sdh} &
+ {\large \mxd P} &
+ {\large \mxd \ } &
+ {\large \mxd \ } \\
+
+ & \footnotesize (013) &
+ \footnotesize (029:\verb|`O-|) &
+ \footnotesize (045:\verb|r|) &
+ \footnotesize (061:\verb|`Q|) &
+ \footnotesize (077:\verb|\sdh|) &
+ \footnotesize (093:\verb|P|) &
+ \footnotesize (109) &
+ \footnotesize (125) \\ \hline
+
+E & {\large \mxd \ } &
+ {\large \mxd `W} &
+ {\large \mxd w} &
+ {\large \mxd `S} &
+ {\large \mxd \sdn} &
+ {\large \mxd \slk} &
+ {\large \mxd \ } &
+ {\large \mxd \ } \\
+
+ & \footnotesize (014) &
+ \footnotesize (030:\verb|`W|) &
+ \footnotesize (046:\verb|w|) &
+ \footnotesize (062:\verb|`S|) &
+ \footnotesize (078:\verb|\sdn|) &
+ \footnotesize (094:\verb|\slk|) &
+ \footnotesize (110) &
+ \footnotesize (126) \\ \hline
+
+F & {\large \mxd \ } &
+ {\large \mxd `I} &
+ {\large \mxd l} &
+ {\large \mxd `-a} &
+ {\large \mxd \sD} &
+ {\large \mxd \sSk} &
+ {\large \mxd \ } &
+ {\large \mxd \ } \\
+
+ & \footnotesize (015) &
+ \footnotesize (031:\verb|`I|) &
+ \footnotesize (047:\verb|l|) &
+ \footnotesize (063:\verb|`-a|) &
+ \footnotesize (079:\verb|\sD|) &
+ \footnotesize (095:\verb|\sSk|) &
+ \footnotesize (111) &
+ \footnotesize (127) \\ \hline
+
+\end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+\caption{\XD\ Character Input Table\label{table}}
+\end{figure}
+
+\section{Desiderata}
+The package in its present stage is not complete.
+Some of the letter shapes still need a bit of refinement, and
+some of the rarer letters are currently not yet available.
+Furthermore, the unification process of Tibetan, Soyombo and \XD\
+hasn't begun yet---please be aware the the LMX encoding used here is
+not frozen yet.
+
+The input method works but is a bit clumsy to use; an input preprocessor
+translating properly spelled Mongolian into the \XD\ equivalent
+waits to be developed and implemented. This will happen in a similar
+manner as has been done in the Tibetan package by the same author.
+
+Comments and suggestions are highly appreciated and should be
+directed to the author of these lines at \verb"corff@zedat.fu-berlin.de".
+
+\end{document}
+% vim:tabstop=4
+% vim:shiftwidth=4