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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.xml b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.xml index b8bafbf5b69..9ba4e402d78 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.xml +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.xml @@ -3,20 +3,20 @@ <texinfo xml:lang="en"> <filename file="latex2e.xml"></filename> <preamble>\input texinfo -</preamble><!-- c $Id: latex2e.texi 678 2018-07-02 20:51:26Z karl $ --> +</preamble><!-- c $Id: latex2e.texi 710 2018-10-14 14:32:52Z karl $ --> <!-- comment %**start of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) --> <setfilename file="latex2e.info" spaces=" ">latex2e.info</setfilename> -<set name="UPDATED" line=" UPDATED July 2018">July 2018</set> -<!-- c $Id$ --> +<set name="UPDATED" line=" UPDATED October 2018">October 2018</set> +<!-- c $Id: common.texi 701 2018-10-08 14:32:37Z jimhefferon $ --> <!-- c Public domain. --> -<set name="LTXREFMAN_HOME_PAGE" line=" LTXREFMAN_HOME_PAGE puszcza.gnu.org.ua/software/latexrefman">puszcza.gnu.org.ua/software/latexrefman</set> +<set name="LTXREFMAN_HOME_PAGE" line=" LTXREFMAN_HOME_PAGE https://puszcza.gnu.org.ua/software/latexrefman">https://puszcza.gnu.org.ua/software/latexrefman</set> <set name="LTXREFMAN_BUGS" line=" LTXREFMAN_BUGS latexrefman@@tug.org">latexrefman@@tug.org</set> <clear name="HAS-MATH" line=" HAS-MATH "></clear> <macro name="iftexthenelse" line=" iftexthenelse {then,else}"><formalarg>then</formalarg><formalarg>else</formalarg>\else\@c </macro> -<settitle spaces=" ">&latex;2e unofficial reference manual (July 2018)</settitle> +<settitle spaces=" ">&latex;2e unofficial reference manual (October 2018)</settitle> <!-- comment %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) --> <!-- c latex 2.09 commands should all be present now, --> @@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ <!-- c xx JH \baselineskip https://texfaq.org/FAQ-baselinepar --> <!-- c xx JH \contentsline, \@@dottedtocline? --> <!-- c xx JH more on \write18, beyond what's mentioned in Command line. --> +<!-- c xx JH \numexpr, \dimexpr, \glueexpr, \muexpr --> <!-- c --> <!-- c xx The typeset source2e has an index with all kernel --> <!-- c xx commands, though some are internal and shouldn't be included. --> @@ -49,10 +50,10 @@ <copying endspaces=" "> <para>This document is an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a -document preparation system, version of July 2018. +document preparation system, version of October 2018. </para> -<para>This manual was originally translated from <file>LATEX.HLP</file> v1.0a in -the VMS Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by +<para>This manual was originally translated from <file>LATEX.HLP</file> v1.0a in the +VMS Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by George D. Greenwade of Sam Houston State University. The &latex; 2.09 version was written by Stephen Gilmore. The &latex;2e version was adapted from this by Torsten Martinsen. Karl @@ -60,8 +61,10 @@ Berry made further updates and additions, and gratefully acknowledges using <cite>Hypertext Help with &latex;</cite>, by Sheldon Green, and <cite>&latex; Command Summary</cite> (for &latex; 2.09) by L. Botway and C. Biemesderfer (published by the &tex; Users -Group as <cite>&tex;niques</cite> number 10), as reference material (no -text was directly copied). +Group as <cite>&tex;niques</cite> number 10), as reference material. We also +gratefully acknowledge additional material appearing in +latex2e-reference by Martin Herbert Dietze. (From these references no +text was directly copied.) </para> <para>Copyright 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Karl Berry.&linebreak; @@ -103,8 +106,8 @@ into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. <titlepage endspaces=" "> <title spaces=" ">&latex;2e: An unofficial reference manual</title> -<subtitle spaces=" ">July 2018</subtitle> -<author spaces=" "><url><urefurl>puszcza.gnu.org.ua/software/latexrefman</urefurl></url></author> +<subtitle spaces=" ">October 2018</subtitle> +<author spaces=" "><url><urefurl>https://puszcza.gnu.org.ua/software/latexrefman</urefurl></url></author> <page></page> <vskip> 0pt plus 1filll</vskip> <insertcopying></insertcopying> @@ -135,7 +138,7 @@ into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. <top spaces=" "><sectiontitle>&latex;2e: An unofficial reference manual</sectiontitle> <para>This document is an unofficial reference manual (version of -July 2018) for &latex;2e, a document preparation system. +October 2018) for &latex;2e, a document preparation system. </para> <menu endspaces=" "> <menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">About this document</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Bug reporting, etc. @@ -178,10 +181,17 @@ July 2018) for &latex;2e, a document preparation system. <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1">home page for manual</indexterm></cindex> <para>This is an unofficial reference manual for the &latex;2e document preparation system, which is a macro package for the &tex; -typesetting program (<pxref label="Overview"><xrefnodename>Overview</xrefnodename></pxref>). This document&textrsquo;s home page is -<url><urefurl>puszcza.gnu.org.ua/software/latexrefman</urefurl></url>. That page has links to the -current output in various formats, sources, mailing list archives and -subscriptions, and other infrastructure. +typesetting program (<pxref label="Overview"><xrefnodename>Overview</xrefnodename></pxref>). +</para> +<para>This document&textrsquo;s home page is <url><urefurl>https://puszcza.gnu.org.ua/software/latexrefman</urefurl></url>. There +you can get the sources, subscribe to the mailing list or read its +archives, see other infrastructure, and get the current output in +various formats. In particular, the output comes in two web formats. +Probably the most convenient one, shown at <url><urefurl>http://latexref.xyz/</urefurl></url>, +has pages for each topic and so is good for a quick lookup; see also the +note there about easy-to-remember links. The other, shown at +<url><urefurl>http://svn.gnu.org.ua/viewvc/latexrefman/trunk/latex2e.html?view=co</urefurl></url>, +has all the information on single page. </para> <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="2">&latex; vs.&noeos; &latex;2e</indexterm></cindex> <para>In this document, we will mostly just use &textlsquo;&latex;&textrsquo; rather than @@ -267,10 +277,11 @@ produce the logo with <code>\LaTeX</code>. Where use of the logo is not sensible, such as in plain text, write it as <samp>LaTeX</samp>. </para> <menu endspaces=" "> -<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Starting and ending</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The standard beginning and end of a document. +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Starting and ending</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The standard beginning and end of a document. </pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Output files</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Files produced. </pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">&tex; engines</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Programs that can compile &tex; and &latex;. </pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">&latex; command syntax</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">General syntax of &latex; commands. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Environment</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Area of the source giving distinct behavior. </pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">CTAN</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Our repository. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> @@ -483,7 +494,7 @@ additional support for Japanese and other languages ([u]p&tex;, </para> </section> -<node name="LaTeX-command-syntax" spaces=" "><nodename>&latex; command syntax</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">CTAN</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">&tex; engines</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Overview</nodeup></node> +<node name="LaTeX-command-syntax" spaces=" "><nodename>&latex; command syntax</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Environment</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">&tex; engines</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Overview</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>&latex; command syntax</sectiontitle> <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="42">command syntax</indexterm></cindex> @@ -513,6 +524,12 @@ argument comes last, with no required argument after it, then to make the first character of the following text be an open square bracket, hide it inside curly braces. </para> +<para>Some of &latex;&textrsquo;s commands are a <dfn>declaration</dfn>. Such a command +changes the value the meaning of some other command or parameter. For +instance, the <code>\mainmatter</code> declaration changes the typesetting of +page numbers from roman numerals to arabic (<pxref label="_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter"><xrefnodename>\frontmatter & +\mainmatter & \backmatter</xrefnodename></pxref>). +</para> <para>&latex; has the convention that some commands have a <code>*</code> form that is related to the form without a <code>*</code>, such as <code>\chapter</code> and <code>\chapter*</code>. The exact difference in behavior varies from command @@ -521,15 +538,10 @@ to command. <para>This manual describes all accepted options and <code>*</code>-forms for the commands it covers (barring unintentional omissions, a.k.a.&noeos; bugs). </para> -<menu endspaces=" "> -<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Environment</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Area of the source with distinct behavior. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Declaration</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Change the value or meaning of a command. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\makeatletter & \makeatother</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Change the status of the at-sign character. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> - -<node name="Environment" spaces=" "><nodename>Environment</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Declaration</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">&latex; command syntax</nodeup></node> -<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Environments</sectiontitle> +</section> +<node name="Environment" spaces=" "><nodename>Environment</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">CTAN</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">&latex; command syntax</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Overview</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Environment</sectiontitle> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -550,7 +562,9 @@ behavior. For instance, for poetry in &latex; put the lines between \end{verse} </pre></example> -<para><xref label="Environments"><xrefnodename>Environments</xrefnodename></xref> for a list of environments. +<para><xref label="Environments"><xrefnodename>Environments</xrefnodename></xref> for a list of environments. Particularly notable is +that every &latex; document must have a <code>document</code> environment, +a <code>\begin{document} ... \end{document}</code> pair. </para> <para>The <var>environment name</var> at the beginning must exactly match that at the end. This includes the case where <var>environment name</var> ends in a @@ -569,160 +583,11 @@ required (it specifies the formatting of columns). </pre></example> -</subsection> -<node name="Declaration" spaces=" "><nodename>Declaration</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\makeatletter & \makeatother</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Environment</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">&latex; command syntax</nodeup></node> -<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Command declarations</sectiontitle> - -<para>A command that changes the value, or changes the meaning, of some other -command or parameter. For instance, the <code>\mainmatter</code> command -changes the setting of page numbers from roman numerals to arabic. -</para> - -</subsection> -<node name="_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother" spaces=" "><nodename>\makeatletter & \makeatother</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Declaration</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">&latex; command syntax</nodeup></node> -<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\makeatletter</code> & <code>\makeatother</code></sectiontitle> - -<para>Synopsis: -</para> -<example endspaces=" "> -<pre xml:space="preserve">\makeatletter - ... definition of commands with &arobase; in their name .. -\makeatother -</pre></example> - -<para>Used to redefine internal &latex; commands. <code>\makeatletter</code> makes -the at-sign character <code>&arobase;</code> have the category code of a letter, -11. <code>\makeatother</code> sets the category code of <code>&arobase;</code> to 12, -its original value. -</para> -<para>As each character is read by &tex; for &latex;, it is assigned a -character category code, or -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="43">catcode</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="44">character category code</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="45">category code, character</indexterm></cindex> -<dfn>catcode</dfn> for short. For instance, the backslash <code>\</code> is -assigned the catcode 0, for characters that start a command. These two -commands alter the catcode assigned to <code>&arobase;</code>. -</para> -<para>The alteration is needed because many of &latex;&textrsquo;s commands use -<code>&arobase;</code> in their name, to prevent users from accidentally defining a -command that replaces one of &latex;&textrsquo;s own. Command names consist of a -category 0 character, ordinarily backslash, followed by letters, -category 11 characters (except that a command name can also consist -of a category 0 character followed by a single non-letter symbol). -So under the default category codes, user-defined commands cannot -contain an <code>&arobase;</code>. But <code>\makeatletter</code> and <code>\makeatother</code> -allow users to define or redefine commands named with <code>&arobase;</code>. -</para> -<para>Use these two commands inside a <file>.tex</file> file, in the preamble, when -defining or redefining a command with <code>&arobase;</code> in its name. Don&textrsquo;t use -them inside <file>.sty</file> or <file>.cls</file> files since the -<code>\usepackage</code> and <code>\documentclass</code> commands set the at sign to -have the character code of a letter. -</para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="46"><r>package</r>, <code>macros2e</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="47"><code>macros2e</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> - -<para>For a comprehensive list of macros with an at-sign -in their names see <url><urefurl>http://ctan.org/pkg/macros2e</urefurl></url>. These macros are -mainly intended to package or class authors. -</para> -<para>In this example the class file has a command -<code>\thesis&arobase;universityname</code> that the user wants to change. These -three lines should go in the preamble, before the -<code>\begin{document}</code>. -</para> -<example endspaces=" "> -<pre xml:space="preserve">\makeatletter -\renewcommand{\thesis&arobase;universityname}{Saint Michael's College} -\makeatother -</pre></example> - -<menu endspaces=" "> -<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\&arobase;ifstar</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define your own commands with *-variants. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> - - -<node name="_005c_0040ifstar" spaces=" "><nodename>\&arobase;ifstar</nodename><nodeup automatic="on">\makeatletter & \makeatother</nodeup></node> -<subsubsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\&arobase;ifstar</code></sectiontitle> - -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="27" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;ifstar</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="48">commands, star-variants</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="49">star-variants, commands</indexterm></cindex> - -<para>Synopsis: -</para> -<example endspaces=" "> -<pre xml:space="preserve">\newcommand{\mycmd}{\&arobase;ifstar{\mycmd&arobase;star}{\mycmd&arobase;nostar}} -\newcommand{\mycmd&arobase;nostar}[<var>nostar-num-args</var>]{<var>nostar-body</var>} -\newcommand{\mycmd&arobase;star}[<var>star-num-args</var>]{<var>star-body</var>} -</pre></example> - -<para>Many standard &latex; environments or commands have a variant with the -same name but ending with a star character <code>*</code>, an asterisk. -Examples are the <code>table</code> and <code>table*</code> environments and the -<code>\section</code> and <code>\section*</code> commands. -</para> -<para>When defining environments, following this pattern is straightforward -because <code>\newenvironment</code> and <code>\renewenvironment</code> allow the -environment name to contain a star. For commands the situation is more -complex. As in the synopsis above, there will be a user-called command, -given above as <code>\mycmd</code>, which peeks ahead to see if it is followed -by a star. For instance, &latex; does not really have a -<code>\section*</code> command; instead, the <code>\section</code> command peeks -ahead. This command does not accept arguments but instead expands to -one of two commands that do accept arguments. In the synopsis these two -are <code>\mycmd&arobase;nostar</code> and <code>\mycmd&arobase;star</code>. They could take the -same number of arguments or a different number, or no arguments at all. -As always, in a &latex; document a command using at-sign <code>&arobase;</code> -must be enclosed inside a <code>\makeatletter ... \makeatother</code> block -(<pxref label="_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother"><xrefnodename>\makeatletter & \makeatother</xrefnodename></pxref>). -</para> -<para>This example of <code>\&arobase;ifstar</code> defines the command <code>\ciel</code> and a -variant <code>\ciel*</code>. Both have one required argument. A call to -<code>\ciel{night}</code> will return "starry night sky" while -<code>\ciel*{blue}</code> will return "starry not blue sky". -</para> -<example endspaces=" "> -<pre xml:space="preserve">\newcommand*{\ciel&arobase;unstarred}[1]{starry #1 sky} -\newcommand*{\ciel&arobase;starred}[1]{starry not #1 sky} -\newcommand*{\ciel}{\&arobase;ifstar{\ciel&arobase;starred}{\ciel&arobase;unstarred}} -</pre></example> - -<para>In the next example, the starred variant takes a different number of -arguments than the unstarred one. With this definition, Agent 007&textrsquo;s -<code>``My name is \agentsecret*{Bond}, -\agentsecret{James}{Bond}.''</code> is equivalent to entering the commands -<code>``My name is \textsc{Bond}, \textit{James} textsc{Bond}.''</code> -</para> -<example endspaces=" "> -<pre xml:space="preserve">\newcommand*{\agentsecret&arobase;unstarred}[2]{\textit{#1} \textsc{#2}} -\newcommand*{\agentsecret&arobase;starred}[1]{\textsc{#1}} -\newcommand*{\agentsecret}{% - \&arobase;ifstar{\agentsecret&arobase;starred}{\agentsecret&arobase;unstarred}} -</pre></example> - -<para>There are two sometimes more convenient ways to accomplish the work of -<code>\&arobase;ifstar</code>. The <file>suffix</file> package allows the construct -<code>\newcommand\mycommand{<var>unstarred version</var>}</code> followed by -<code>\WithSuffix\newcommand\mycommand*{<var>starred version</var>}</code>. And -&latex;3 has the <file>xparse</file> package that allows this code. -</para> -<example endspaces=" "> -<pre xml:space="preserve">\NewDocumentCommand\foo{s}{\IfBooleanTF#1 - {<var>starred version</var>}% - {<var>unstarred version</var>}% - } -</pre></example> - - -</subsubsection> -</subsection> </section> -<node name="CTAN" spaces=" "><nodename>CTAN</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">&latex; command syntax</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Overview</nodeup></node> -<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>CTAN: Comprehensive &tex; Archive Network</sectiontitle> +<node name="CTAN" spaces=" "><nodename>CTAN</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Environment</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Overview</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>CTAN: the Comprehensive &tex; Archive Network</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="50">CTAN</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="43">CTAN</indexterm></cindex> <para>The Comprehensive &tex; Archive Network, CTAN, is the &tex; and &latex; community&textrsquo;s repository of free material. It is a set of @@ -738,8 +603,8 @@ specifications. <para>In addition to the massive holdings, the web site offers features such as search by name or by functionality. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="51">DANTE e.V.</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="52">mirrors of CTAN</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="44">DANTE e.V.</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="45">mirrors of CTAN</indexterm></cindex> <para>CTAN is not a single site, but instead is a set of sites. One of the sites is the core. This site actively manages the material, for instance, by accepting uploads of new or updated packages. It is @@ -756,9 +621,9 @@ at <url><urefurl>https://ctan.org/mirrors</urefurl></url>. <node name="Document-classes" spaces=" "><nodename>Document classes</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Fonts</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Overview</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> <chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Document classes</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="53">document classes</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="54">classes of documents</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="28" mergedindex="cp">\documentclass</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="46">document classes</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="47">classes of documents</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="27" mergedindex="cp">\documentclass</indexterm></findex> <para>The document&textrsquo;s overall class is defined with this command, which is normally the first command in a &latex; source file. @@ -767,11 +632,11 @@ normally the first command in a &latex; source file. <pre xml:space="preserve">\documentclass[<var>options</var>]{<var>class</var>} </pre></example> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="29" mergedindex="cp">article <r>class</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="30" mergedindex="cp">report <r>class</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="31" mergedindex="cp">book <r>class</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="32" mergedindex="cp">letter <r>class</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="33" mergedindex="cp">slides <r>class</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="28" mergedindex="cp">article <r>class</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="29" mergedindex="cp">report <r>class</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="30" mergedindex="cp">book <r>class</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="31" mergedindex="cp">letter <r>class</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="32" mergedindex="cp">slides <r>class</r></indexterm></findex> <para>The following document <var>class</var> names are built into &latex;. (Many other document classes are available as separate packages; <pxref label="Overview"><xrefnodename>Overview</xrefnodename></pxref>.) @@ -817,10 +682,10 @@ template</xrefnodename></pxref>). <node name="Document-class-options" spaces=" "><nodename>Document class options</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Additional packages</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Document classes</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Document class options</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="55">document class options</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="56">options, document class</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="57">class options</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="58">global options</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="48">document class options</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="49">options, document class</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="50">class options</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="51">global options</indexterm></cindex> <para>You can specify <dfn>global options</dfn> or <dfn>class options</dfn> to the <code>\documentclass</code> command by enclosing them in square brackets. To @@ -832,9 +697,9 @@ specify more than one <var>option</var>, separate them with a comma. <para>Here is the list of the standard class options. </para> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="34" mergedindex="cp">10pt <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="35" mergedindex="cp">11pt <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="36" mergedindex="cp">12pt <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="33" mergedindex="cp">10pt <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="34" mergedindex="cp">11pt <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="35" mergedindex="cp">12pt <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> <para>All of the standard classes except <code>slides</code> accept the following options for selecting the typeface size (default is <code>10pt</code>): </para> @@ -842,12 +707,12 @@ options for selecting the typeface size (default is <code>10pt</code>): <pre xml:space="preserve">10pt 11pt 12pt </pre></example> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="37" mergedindex="cp">a4paper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="38" mergedindex="cp">a5paper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="39" mergedindex="cp">b5paper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="40" mergedindex="cp">executivepaper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="41" mergedindex="cp">legalpaper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="42" mergedindex="cp">letterpaper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="36" mergedindex="cp">a4paper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="37" mergedindex="cp">a5paper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="38" mergedindex="cp">b5paper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="39" mergedindex="cp">executivepaper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="40" mergedindex="cp">legalpaper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="41" mergedindex="cp">letterpaper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> <para>All of the standard classes accept these options for selecting the paper size (these show height by width): </para> @@ -871,63 +736,63 @@ size (these show height by width): </tableterm><tableitem><para>8.5 by 11 inches (the default) </para></tableitem></tableentry></table> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="43" mergedindex="cp">\pdfpagewidth</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="44" mergedindex="cp">\pdfpageheight</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="59"><r>package</r>, <code>geometry</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="60"><code>geometry</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="42" mergedindex="cp">\pdfpagewidth</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="43" mergedindex="cp">\pdfpageheight</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="52"><r>package</r>, <code>geometry</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="53"><code>geometry</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>When using one of the engines pdf&latex;, Lua&latex;, or Xe&latex; (<pxref label="TeX-engines"><xrefnodename>&tex; engines</xrefnodename></pxref>), options other than <code>letterpaper</code> set the print area but you must also set the physical paper size. One way to do that is to put <code>\pdfpagewidth=\paperwidth</code> and <code>\pdfpageheight=\paperheight</code> in your document&textrsquo;s preamble. -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="61"><r>package</r>, <code>geometry</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="62"><code>geometry</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="54"><r>package</r>, <code>geometry</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="55"><code>geometry</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> </para> <para>The <code>geometry</code> package provides flexible ways of setting the print area and physical page size. </para> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="45" mergedindex="cp">draft <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="46" mergedindex="cp">final <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="47" mergedindex="cp">fleqn <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="48" mergedindex="cp">landscape <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="49" mergedindex="cp">leqno <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="50" mergedindex="cp">openbib <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="51" mergedindex="cp">titlepage <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="52" mergedindex="cp">notitlepage <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="44" mergedindex="cp">draft <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="45" mergedindex="cp">final <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="46" mergedindex="cp">fleqn <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="47" mergedindex="cp">landscape <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="48" mergedindex="cp">leqno <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="49" mergedindex="cp">openbib <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="50" mergedindex="cp">titlepage <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="51" mergedindex="cp">notitlepage <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> <para>Miscellaneous other options: </para> <table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> <tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">draft</itemformat></item> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">final</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="63">black boxes, omitting</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="56">black boxes, omitting</indexterm></cindex> <para>Mark (<code>draft</code>) or do not mark (<code>final</code>) overfull boxes with a black box in the margin; default is <code>final</code>. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">fleqn</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="64">flush left equations</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="65">centered equations</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="66">equations, flush left vs.&noeos; centered</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="57">flush left equations</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="58">centered equations</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="59">equations, flush left vs.&noeos; centered</indexterm></cindex> <para>Put displayed formulas flush left; default is centered. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">landscape</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="67">landscape orientation</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="68">portrait orientation</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="60">landscape orientation</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="61">portrait orientation</indexterm></cindex> <para>Selects landscape format; default is portrait. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">leqno</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="69">left-hand equation numbers</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="70">right-hand equation numbers</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="71">equation numbers, left vs.&noeos; right</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="62">left-hand equation numbers</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="63">right-hand equation numbers</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="64">equation numbers, left vs.&noeos; right</indexterm></cindex> <para>Put equation numbers on the left side of equations; default is the right side. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">openbib</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="72">bibliography format, open</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="65">bibliography format, open</indexterm></cindex> <para>Use &textldquo;open&textrdquo; bibliography format. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">titlepage</itemformat></item> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">notitlepage</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="73">title page, separate or run-in</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="66">title page, separate or run-in</indexterm></cindex> <para>Specifies whether there is a separate page for the title information and for the abstract also, if there is one. The default for the <code>report</code> class is <code>titlepage</code>, for the other classes it is @@ -936,12 +801,12 @@ for the abstract also, if there is one. The default for the <para>The following options are not available with the <code>slides</code> class. </para> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="53" mergedindex="cp">onecolumn <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="54" mergedindex="cp">twocolumn <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="55" mergedindex="cp">oneside <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="56" mergedindex="cp">twoside <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="57" mergedindex="cp">openright <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="58" mergedindex="cp">openany <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="52" mergedindex="cp">onecolumn <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="53" mergedindex="cp">twocolumn <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="54" mergedindex="cp">oneside <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="55" mergedindex="cp">twoside <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="56" mergedindex="cp">openright <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="57" mergedindex="cp">openany <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> <table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> <tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">onecolumn</itemformat></item> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">twocolumn</itemformat></itemx> @@ -949,8 +814,8 @@ for the abstract also, if there is one. The default for the </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">oneside</itemformat></item> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">twoside</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="59" mergedindex="cp">\evensidemargin</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="60" mergedindex="cp">\oddsidemargin</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="58" mergedindex="cp">\evensidemargin</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="59" mergedindex="cp">\oddsidemargin</indexterm></findex> <para>Selects one- or two-sided layout; default is <code>oneside</code>, except that in the <code>book</code> class the default is <code>twoside</code>. </para> @@ -967,7 +832,7 @@ being 40% of the difference between <code>\paperwidth</code> and <code>openright</code> for <code>book</code>, and <code>openany</code> for <code>report</code>. </para></tableitem></tableentry></table> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="61" mergedindex="cp">clock <r>option to <code>slides</code> class</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="60" mergedindex="cp">clock <r>option to <code>slides</code> class</r></indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>slides</code> class offers the option <code>clock</code> for printing the time at the bottom of each note. </para> @@ -976,10 +841,10 @@ the time at the bottom of each note. <node name="Additional-packages" spaces=" "><nodename>Additional packages</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Class and package construction</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Document class options</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Document classes</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Additional packages</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="74">loading additional packages</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="75">packages, loading additional</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="76">additional packages, loading</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="62" mergedindex="cp">\usepackage</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="67">loading additional packages</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="68">packages, loading additional</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="69">additional packages, loading</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="61" mergedindex="cp">\usepackage</indexterm></findex> <para>Load a package <var>pkg</var>, with the package options given in the comma-separated list <var>options</var>, as here. </para> @@ -991,8 +856,8 @@ list <var>options</var>, as here. as in <code>\usepackage{<var>pkg1</var>,<var>pkg2</var>,...}</code>, or use multiple <code>\usepackage</code> commands. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="77">global options</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="78">options, global</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="70">global options</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="71">options, global</indexterm></cindex> <para>Any options given in the <code>\documentclass</code> command that are unknown to the selected document class are passed on to the packages loaded with <code>\usepackage</code>. @@ -1002,9 +867,9 @@ to the selected document class are passed on to the packages loaded with <node name="Class-and-package-construction" spaces=" "><nodename>Class and package construction</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Additional packages</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Document classes</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Class and package construction</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="79">document class commands</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="80">commands, document class</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="81">new class commands</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="72">document class commands</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="73">commands, document class</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="74">new class commands</indexterm></cindex> <para>You can create new document classes and new packages. For instance, if your memos must satisfy some local requirements, such as a @@ -1017,8 +882,8 @@ package are useful across classes while those in a document class are specific to that class. Thus, a command to set page headers is for a package while a command to make the page headers say <code>Memo from the SMC Math Department</code> is for a class. -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="82">class and package difference</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="83">difference between class and package</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="75">class and package difference</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="76">difference between class and package</indexterm></cindex> </para> <para>Inside of a class or package file you can use the at-sign <code>&arobase;</code> as a character in command names without having to surround the code @@ -1040,20 +905,22 @@ others. For instance, the class <code>smcmemo</code> might have commands <node name="Class-and-package-structure" spaces=" "><nodename>Class and package structure</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Class and package commands</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Class and package construction</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Class and package structure</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="84">class and package structure</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="85">class file layout</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="86">package file layout</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="87">options, document class</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="88">options, package</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="89">class options</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="90">package options</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="77">class and package structure</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="78">class file layout</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="79">package file layout</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="80">options, document class</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="81">options, package</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="82">class options</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="83">package options</indexterm></cindex> <para>A class file or package file typically has four parts. </para><enumerate first="1" endspaces=" "> -<beforefirstitem><para>In the <dfn>identification part</dfn>, the file says that it is a &latex; +<listitem> +<para>In the <dfn>identification part</dfn>, the file says that it is a &latex; package or class and describes itself, using the <code>\NeedsTeXFormat</code> and <code>\ProvidesClass</code> or <code>\ProvidesPackage</code> commands. -</para></beforefirstitem><listitem> +</para> +</listitem><listitem> <para>The <dfn>preliminary declarations part</dfn> declares some commands and can also load other files. Usually these commands will be those needed for the code used in the next part. For example, an <code>smcmemo</code> @@ -1062,14 +929,16 @@ people for the to-head, as <code>\documentclass[mathto]{smcmemo}</ therefore needs to define a command <code>\newcommand{\setto}[1]{\def\&arobase;tolist{#1}}</code> used in that file. -</para></listitem><listitem> +</para> +</listitem><listitem> <para>In the <dfn>handle options part</dfn> the class or package declares and processes its options. Class options allow a user to start their document as <code>\documentclass[<var>option list</var>]{<var>class name</var>}</code>, to modify the behavior of the class. An example is when you declare <code>\documentclass[11pt]{article}</code> to set the default document font size. -</para></listitem><listitem> +</para> +</listitem><listitem> <para>Finally, in the <dfn>more declarations part</dfn> the class or package usually does most of its work: declaring new variables, commands and fonts, and loading other files. @@ -1086,7 +955,7 @@ where &latex; can find it, for example in the same directory as the \ProcessOptions\relax \LoadClass{article} </pre></example> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="91">class file example</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="84">class file example</indexterm></cindex> <noindent></noindent> <para>It identifies itself, handles the class options via the default of @@ -1103,21 +972,21 @@ of the descriptions here derive from this document), or the tutorial </subsection> <node name="Class-and-package-commands" spaces=" "><nodename>Class and package commands</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Class and package structure</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Class and package construction</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Class and package commands</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="92">class and package commands</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="93">commands, class and package</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="85">class and package commands</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="86">commands, class and package</indexterm></cindex> <para>These are the commands designed to help writers of classes or packages. </para> <table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> <tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\AtBeginDvi{specials}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="63" mergedindex="cp">\AtBeginDvi</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="62" mergedindex="cp">\AtBeginDvi</indexterm></findex> <para>Save in a box register things that are written to the <file>.dvi</file> file at the beginning of the shipout of the first page of the document. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\AtEndOfClass{<var>code</var>}</itemformat></item> </tableterm></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\AtEndOfPackage{<var>code</var>}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="64" mergedindex="cp">\AtEndOfClass</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="65" mergedindex="cp">\AtEndOfPackage</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="63" mergedindex="cp">\AtEndOfClass</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="64" mergedindex="cp">\AtEndOfPackage</indexterm></findex> <para>Hook to insert <var>code</var> to be executed when &latex; finishes processing the current class or package. You can use these hooks multiple times; the <code>code</code> will be executed in the order that you @@ -1125,13 +994,13 @@ called it. See also <ref label="_005cAtBeginDocument"><xrefnodename>\AtBeginDoc </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\CheckCommand{<var>cmd</var>}[<var>num</var>][<var>default</var>]{<var>definition</var>}</itemformat></item> </tableterm></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\CheckCommand*{<var>cmd</var>}[<var>num</var>][<var>default</var>]{<var>definition</var>}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="66" mergedindex="cp">\CheckCommand</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="67" mergedindex="cp">\CheckCommand*</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="94">new command, check</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="65" mergedindex="cp">\CheckCommand</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="66" mergedindex="cp">\CheckCommand*</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="87">new command, check</indexterm></cindex> <para>Like <code>\newcommand</code> (<pxref label="_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand"><xrefnodename>\newcommand & \renewcommand</xrefnodename></pxref>) but does not define <var>cmd</var>; instead it checks that the current definition of <var>cmd</var> is exactly as given by <var>definition</var> and is or is not -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="95">long command</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="88">long command</indexterm></cindex> <dfn>long</dfn> as expected. A long command is a command that accepts <code>\par</code> within an argument. The <var>cmd</var> command is expected to be long with the unstarred version of <code>\CheckCommand</code>. Raises an @@ -1149,16 +1018,16 @@ redefined this command. </tableterm></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\PackageInfo{<var>package name</var>}{<var>info text</var>}</itemformat></item> </tableterm></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\ClassInfoNoLine{<var>class name</var>}{<var>info text</var>}</itemformat></item> </tableterm></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\PackageInfoNoLine{<var>package name</var>}{<var>info text</var>}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="68" mergedindex="cp">\ClassError</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="69" mergedindex="cp">\PackageError</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="70" mergedindex="cp">\ClassWarning</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="71" mergedindex="cp">\PackageWarning</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="72" mergedindex="cp">\ClassWarningNoLine</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="73" mergedindex="cp">\PackageWarningNoLine</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="74" mergedindex="cp">\ClassInfo</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="75" mergedindex="cp">\PackageInfo</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="76" mergedindex="cp">\ClassInfoNoLine</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="77" mergedindex="cp">\PackageInfoNoLine</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="67" mergedindex="cp">\ClassError</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="68" mergedindex="cp">\PackageError</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="69" mergedindex="cp">\ClassWarning</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="70" mergedindex="cp">\PackageWarning</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="71" mergedindex="cp">\ClassWarningNoLine</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="72" mergedindex="cp">\PackageWarningNoLine</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="73" mergedindex="cp">\ClassInfo</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="74" mergedindex="cp">\PackageInfo</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="75" mergedindex="cp">\ClassInfoNoLine</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="76" mergedindex="cp">\PackageInfoNoLine</indexterm></findex> <para>Produce an error message, or warning or informational messages. </para> <para>For <code>\ClassError</code> and <code>\PackageError</code> the message is @@ -1179,19 +1048,19 @@ character does not allow it, like after a command. Note that &latex; appends a period to the messages. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\CurrentOption</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="78" mergedindex="cp">\CurrentOption</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="77" mergedindex="cp">\CurrentOption</indexterm></findex> <para>Expands to the name of the currently-being-processed option. Can only be used within the <var>code</var> argument of either <code>\DeclareOption</code> or <code>\DeclareOption*</code>. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\DeclareOption{<var>option</var>}{<var>code</var>}</itemformat></item> </tableterm></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\DeclareOption*{<var>code</var>}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="79" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareOption</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="80" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareOption*</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="96">class options</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="97">package options</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="98">options, class</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="99">options, package</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="78" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareOption</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="79" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareOption*</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="89">class options</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="90">package options</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="91">options, class</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="92">options, package</indexterm></cindex> <para>Make an option available to a user to invoke in their <code>\documentclass</code> command. For example, the <code>smcmemo</code> class could have an option <code>\documentclass[logo]{smcmemo}</code> allowing @@ -1226,9 +1095,9 @@ passes the option to the <code>article</code> class. </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\DeclareRobustCommand{<var>cmd</var>}[<var>num</var>][<var>default</var>]{<var>definition</var>} </itemformat></item> </tableterm></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\DeclareRobustCommand*{<var>cmd</var>}[<var>num</var>][<var>default</var>]{<var>definition</var>}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="81" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareRobustCommand</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="82" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareRobustCommand*</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="100">new command, definition</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="80" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareRobustCommand</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="81" mergedindex="cp">\DeclareRobustCommand*</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="93">new command, definition</indexterm></cindex> <para>Like <code>\newcommand</code> and <code>\newcommand*</code> (<pxref label="_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand"><xrefnodename>\newcommand & \renewcommand</xrefnodename></pxref>) but these declare a robust command, even if some code within the <var>definition</var> is fragile. (For a discussion of robust and @@ -1242,8 +1111,8 @@ transcript file if a command is redefined. using <code>\newcommand</code> so unless the command&textrsquo;s data is fragile and the command is used within a moving argument, use <code>\newcommand</code>. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="101"><r>package</r>, <code>etoolbox</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="102"><code>etoolbox</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="94"><r>package</r>, <code>etoolbox</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="95"><code>etoolbox</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>The <file>etoolbox</file> package offers the commands <code>\newrobustcmd</code>, <code>\newrobustcmd*</code>, as well as the commands <code>\renewrobustcmd</code>, <code>\renewrobustcmd*</code>, and the commands @@ -1268,8 +1137,8 @@ commands, so they do not just make a log message when you redefine </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\IfFileExists{<var>file name</var>}{<var>true code</var>}{<var>false code</var>}</itemformat></item> </tableterm></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\InputIfFileExists{<var>file name</var>}{<var>true code</var>}{<var>false code</var>}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="83" mergedindex="cp">\IfFileExists</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="84" mergedindex="cp">\InputIfFileExists</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="82" mergedindex="cp">\IfFileExists</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="83" mergedindex="cp">\InputIfFileExists</indexterm></findex> <para>Execute <var>true code</var> if &latex; finds the file <file><var>file name</var></file> or <var>false code</var> otherwise. In the first case it executing <var>true code</var> and then inputs the file. Thus the command @@ -1293,8 +1162,8 @@ extensions see <ref label="_005cinput"><xrefnodename>\input</xrefnodename></ref> </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\LoadClass[<var>options list</var>]{<var>class name</var>}[<var>release date</var>]</itemformat></item> </tableterm></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\LoadClassWithOptions{<var>class name</var>}[<var>release date</var>]</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="85" mergedindex="cp">\LoadClass</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="86" mergedindex="cp">\LoadClassWithOptions</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="84" mergedindex="cp">\LoadClass</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="85" mergedindex="cp">\LoadClassWithOptions</indexterm></findex> <para>Load a class, as with <code>\documentclass[<var>options list</var>]{<var>class name</var>}[<var>release info</var>]</code>. An example is <code>\LoadClass[twoside]{article}</code>. @@ -1323,7 +1192,7 @@ that lets you build classes on existing ones, such as the standard <code>article</code> class, without having to track which options were passed. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\ExecuteOptions{<var>options-list</var>}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="87" mergedindex="cp">\ExecuteOptions</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="86" mergedindex="cp">\ExecuteOptions</indexterm></findex> <para>For each option <var>option</var> in the <var>options-list</var>, in order, this command executes the command <code>\ds&arobase;<var>option</var></code>. If this command is not defined then that option is silently ignored. @@ -1334,7 +1203,7 @@ default to be 11pt fonts then you could specify <code>\ExecuteOptions{11pt}\ProcessOptions\relax</code>. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\NeedsTeXFormat{<var>format</var>}[<var>format date</var>]</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="88" mergedindex="cp">\NeedsTeXFormat</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="87" mergedindex="cp">\NeedsTeXFormat</indexterm></findex> <para>Specifies the format that this class must be run under. Often issued as the first line of a class file, and most often used as: <code>\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}</code>. When a document using that class is @@ -1355,7 +1224,7 @@ release `2016/02/01' is available. </pre></example> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\OptionNotUsed</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="89" mergedindex="cp">\OptionNotUsed</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="88" mergedindex="cp">\OptionNotUsed</indexterm></findex> <para>Adds the current option to the list of unused options. Can only be used within the <var>code</var> argument of either <code>\DeclareOption</code> or <code>\DeclareOption*</code>. @@ -1368,8 +1237,8 @@ within the <var>code</var> argument of either <code>\DeclareOption</code> or </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\PassOptionsToClass{<var>option list</var>}{<var>class name</var>}</itemformat></item> </tableterm></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\PassOptionsToPackage{<var>option list</var>}{<var>package name</var>}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="90" mergedindex="cp">\PassOptionsToClass</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="91" mergedindex="cp">\PassOptionsToPackage</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="89" mergedindex="cp">\PassOptionsToClass</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="90" mergedindex="cp">\PassOptionsToPackage</indexterm></findex> <para>Adds the options in the comma-separated list <var>option list</var> to the options used by any future <code>\RequirePackage</code> or <code>\usepackage</code> command for package <var>package name</var> or the class <var>class name</var>. @@ -1410,8 +1279,8 @@ option. The user could start their &latex; file with </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\ProcessOptions</itemformat></item> </tableterm></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\ProcessOptions*<var>\&arobase;options</var></itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="92" mergedindex="cp">\ProcessOptions</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="93" mergedindex="cp">\ProcessOptions*</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="91" mergedindex="cp">\ProcessOptions</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="92" mergedindex="cp">\ProcessOptions*</indexterm></findex> <para>Execute the code for each option that the user has invoked. Include it in the class file as <code>\ProcessOptions\relax</code> (because of the existence of the starred command). @@ -1455,8 +1324,8 @@ means that the global options are processed first. </tableterm></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\ProvidesClass{<var>class name</var>}[<var>release date</var>]</itemformat></item> </tableterm></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\ProvidesPackage{<var>package name</var>}[<var>release date</var> <var>brief additional information</var>]</itemformat></item> </tableterm></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\ProvidesPackage{<var>package name</var>}[<var>release date</var>]</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="94" mergedindex="cp">\ProvidesClass</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="95" mergedindex="cp">\ProvidesPackage</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="93" mergedindex="cp">\ProvidesClass</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="94" mergedindex="cp">\ProvidesPackage</indexterm></findex> <para>Identifies the class or package, printing a message to the screen and the log file. </para> @@ -1489,7 +1358,7 @@ than the given date. (Although, in practice package users only rarely include a date, and class users almost never do.) </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\ProvidesFile{<var>file name</var>}[<var>additional information</var>]</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="96" mergedindex="cp">\ProvidesFile</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="95" mergedindex="cp">\ProvidesFile</indexterm></findex> <para>Declare a file other than the main class and package files, such as configuration files or font definition files. Put this command in that file and you get in the log a string like <code>File: test.config @@ -1499,8 +1368,8 @@ file and you get in the log a string like <code>File: test.config </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\RequirePackage[<var>option list</var>]{<var>package name</var>}[<var>release date</var>]</itemformat></item> </tableterm></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\RequirePackageWithOptions{<var>package name</var>}[<var>release date</var>]</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="97" mergedindex="cp">\RequirePackage</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="98" mergedindex="cp">\RequirePackageWithOptions</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="96" mergedindex="cp">\RequirePackage</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="97" mergedindex="cp">\RequirePackageWithOptions</indexterm></findex> <para>Load a package, like the command <code>\usepackage</code> (<pxref label="Additional-packages"><xrefnodename>Additional packages</xrefnodename></pxref>). The &latex; development team strongly recommends use of these commands over Plain &tex;&textrsquo;s <code>\input</code>; see the Class @@ -1536,8 +1405,8 @@ causes &latex; to give error like <code>\usepackage before <chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Fonts</sectiontitle> <anchor name="Typefaces">Typefaces</anchor><!-- c old name --> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="103">typefaces</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="104">fonts</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="96">typefaces</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="97">fonts</indexterm></cindex> <para>Two important aspects of selecting a <dfn>font</dfn> are specifying a size and a style. The &latex; commands for doing this are described here. @@ -1552,9 +1421,9 @@ and a style. The &latex; commands for doing this are described here. <node name="Font-styles" spaces=" "><nodename>Font styles</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Font sizes</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Fonts</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Font styles</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="105">font styles</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="106">type styles</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="107">styles of text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="98">font styles</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="99">type styles</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="100">styles of text</indexterm></cindex> <para>The following type style commands are supported by &latex;. </para> @@ -1571,8 +1440,8 @@ of the current group. In addition, each has an environment form such as cumulative; for instance you can get bold sans serif by saying either of <code>\sffamily\bfseries</code> or <code>\bfseries\sffamily</code>. </para> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="99" mergedindex="cp">\nocorrlist</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="100" mergedindex="cp">\nocorr</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="98" mergedindex="cp">\nocorrlist</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="99" mergedindex="cp">\nocorr</indexterm></findex> <para>One advantage of these commands is that they automatically insert italic corrections if needed (<pxref label="_005c_002f"><xrefnodename>\/</xrefnodename></pxref>). Specifically, they insert the italic correction unless the following character is in the list @@ -1583,59 +1452,59 @@ To suppress the automatic insertion of italic correction, use </para> <table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> <tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\textrm (\rmfamily)</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="101" mergedindex="cp">\textrm</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="102" mergedindex="cp">\rmfamily</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="100" mergedindex="cp">\textrm</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="101" mergedindex="cp">\rmfamily</indexterm></findex> <para>Roman. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\textit (\itshape)</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="103" mergedindex="cp">\textit</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="104" mergedindex="cp">\itshape</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="102" mergedindex="cp">\textit</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="103" mergedindex="cp">\itshape</indexterm></findex> <para>Italics. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\textmd (\mdseries)</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="105" mergedindex="cp">\textmd</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="106" mergedindex="cp">\mdseries</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="104" mergedindex="cp">\textmd</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="105" mergedindex="cp">\mdseries</indexterm></findex> <para>Medium weight (default). </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\textbf (\bfseries)</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="107" mergedindex="cp">\textbf</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="108" mergedindex="cp">\bfseries</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="106" mergedindex="cp">\textbf</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="107" mergedindex="cp">\bfseries</indexterm></findex> <para>Boldface. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\textup (\upshape)</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="109" mergedindex="cp">\textup</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="110" mergedindex="cp">\upshape</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="108" mergedindex="cp">\textup</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="109" mergedindex="cp">\upshape</indexterm></findex> <para>Upright (default). </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\textsl (\slshape)</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="111" mergedindex="cp">\textsl</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="112" mergedindex="cp">\slshape</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="110" mergedindex="cp">\textsl</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="111" mergedindex="cp">\slshape</indexterm></findex> <para>Slanted. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\textsf (\sffamily)</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="113" mergedindex="cp">\textsf</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="114" mergedindex="cp">\sffamily</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="112" mergedindex="cp">\textsf</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="113" mergedindex="cp">\sffamily</indexterm></findex> <para>Sans serif. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\textsc (\scshape)</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="115" mergedindex="cp">\textsc</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="116" mergedindex="cp">\scshape</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="114" mergedindex="cp">\textsc</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="115" mergedindex="cp">\scshape</indexterm></findex> <para>Small caps. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\texttt (\ttfamily)</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="117" mergedindex="cp">\texttt</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="118" mergedindex="cp">\ttfamily</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="116" mergedindex="cp">\texttt</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="117" mergedindex="cp">\ttfamily</indexterm></findex> <para>Typewriter. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\textnormal (\normalfont)</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="119" mergedindex="cp">\textnormal</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="120" mergedindex="cp">\normalfont</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="118" mergedindex="cp">\textnormal</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="119" mergedindex="cp">\normalfont</indexterm></findex> <para>Main document font. </para> </tableitem></tableentry></table> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="108">emphasis</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="121" mergedindex="cp">\emph</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="101">emphasis</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="120" mergedindex="cp">\emph</indexterm></findex> <para>Although it also changes fonts, the <code>\emph{<var>text</var>}</code> command is semantic, for text to be emphasized, and should not be used as a substitute for <code>\textit</code>. For example, <code>\emph{<var>start @@ -1654,40 +1523,40 @@ circumstances. But sometimes an unconditional font switch is precisely what you want.) </para> <ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> -<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="122" mergedindex="cp">\bf</indexterm>\bf</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="109">bold font</indexterm></cindex> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="121" mergedindex="cp">\bf</indexterm>\bf</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="102">bold font</indexterm></cindex> <para>Switch to bold face. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="123" mergedindex="cp">\cal</indexterm>\cal</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="110">script letters for math</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="111">calligraphic letters for math</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="122" mergedindex="cp">\cal</indexterm>\cal</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="103">script letters for math</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="104">calligraphic letters for math</indexterm></cindex> <para>Switch to calligraphic letters for math. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="124" mergedindex="cp">\it</indexterm>\it</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="112">italic font</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="123" mergedindex="cp">\it</indexterm>\it</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="105">italic font</indexterm></cindex> <para>Italics. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="125" mergedindex="cp">\rm</indexterm>\rm</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="113">roman font</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="124" mergedindex="cp">\rm</indexterm>\rm</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="106">roman font</indexterm></cindex> <para>Roman. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="126" mergedindex="cp">\sc</indexterm>\sc</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="114">small caps font</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="125" mergedindex="cp">\sc</indexterm>\sc</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="107">small caps font</indexterm></cindex> <para>Small caps. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="127" mergedindex="cp">\sf</indexterm>\sf</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="115">sans serif font</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="126" mergedindex="cp">\sf</indexterm>\sf</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="108">sans serif font</indexterm></cindex> <para>Sans serif. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="128" mergedindex="cp">\sl</indexterm>\sl</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="116">slanted font</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="117">oblique font</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="127" mergedindex="cp">\sl</indexterm>\sl</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="109">slanted font</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="110">oblique font</indexterm></cindex> <para>Slanted (oblique). </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="129" mergedindex="cp">\tt</indexterm>\tt</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="118">typewriter font</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="119">monospace font</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="120">fixed-width font</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="128" mergedindex="cp">\tt</indexterm>\tt</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="111">typewriter font</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="112">monospace font</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="113">fixed-width font</indexterm></cindex> <para>Typewriter (monospace, fixed-width). </para> </tableitem></tableentry></ftable> @@ -1702,19 +1571,19 @@ typographic treatment, regardless of the surrounding environment. </para> <table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> <tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\mathrm</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="130" mergedindex="cp">\mathrm</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="129" mergedindex="cp">\mathrm</indexterm></findex> <para>Roman, for use in math mode. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\mathbf</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="131" mergedindex="cp">\mathbf</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="130" mergedindex="cp">\mathbf</indexterm></findex> <para>Boldface, for use in math mode. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\mathsf</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="132" mergedindex="cp">\mathsf</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="131" mergedindex="cp">\mathsf</indexterm></findex> <para>Sans serif, for use in math mode. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\mathtt</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="133" mergedindex="cp">\mathtt</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="132" mergedindex="cp">\mathtt</indexterm></findex> <para>Typewriter, for use in math mode. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\mathit</itemformat></item> @@ -1722,28 +1591,28 @@ typographic treatment, regardless of the surrounding environment. </tableterm><tableitem><para>Italics, for use in math mode. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\mathnormal</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="134" mergedindex="cp">\mathnormal</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="133" mergedindex="cp">\mathnormal</indexterm></findex> <para>For use in math mode, e.g., inside another type style declaration. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\mathcal</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="135" mergedindex="cp">\mathcal</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="134" mergedindex="cp">\mathcal</indexterm></findex> <para>Calligraphic letters, for use in math mode. </para> </tableitem></tableentry></table> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="136" mergedindex="cp">\mathversion</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="121">math, bold</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="122">bold math</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="135" mergedindex="cp">\mathversion</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="114">math, bold</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="115">bold math</indexterm></cindex> <para>In addition, the command <code>\mathversion{bold}</code> can be used for switching to bold letters and symbols in formulas. <code>\mathversion{normal}</code> restores the default. </para> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="137" mergedindex="cp">\oldstylenums</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="123">numerals, old-style</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="124">old-style numerals</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="125">lining numerals</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="126"><r>package</r>, <code>textcomp</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="127"><code>textcomp</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="136" mergedindex="cp">\oldstylenums</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="116">numerals, old-style</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="117">old-style numerals</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="118">lining numerals</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="119"><r>package</r>, <code>textcomp</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="120"><code>textcomp</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>Finally, the command <code>\oldstylenums{<var>numerals</var>}</code> will typeset so-called &textldquo;old-style&textrdquo; numerals, which have differing heights and @@ -1761,9 +1630,9 @@ are provided to make them the default. FAQ entry: <node name="Font-sizes" spaces=" "><nodename>Font sizes</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Low-level font commands</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Font styles</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Fonts</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Font sizes</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="128">font sizes</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="129">typeface sizes</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="130">sizes of text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="121">font sizes</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="122">typeface sizes</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="123">sizes of text</indexterm></cindex> <para>The following standard type size commands are supported by &latex;. The table shows the command name and the corresponding actual font @@ -1771,16 +1640,16 @@ size used (in points) with the <samp>10pt</samp>, <samp>11pt</samp>, and <samp>12pt</samp> document size options, respectively (<pxref label="Document-class-options"><xrefnodename>Document class options</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="138" mergedindex="cp">\tiny</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="139" mergedindex="cp">\scriptsize</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="140" mergedindex="cp">\footnotesize</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="141" mergedindex="cp">\small</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="142" mergedindex="cp">\normalsize</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="143" mergedindex="cp">\large</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="144" mergedindex="cp">\Large</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="145" mergedindex="cp">\LARGE</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="146" mergedindex="cp">\huge</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="147" mergedindex="cp">\Huge</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="137" mergedindex="cp">\tiny</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="138" mergedindex="cp">\scriptsize</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="139" mergedindex="cp">\footnotesize</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="140" mergedindex="cp">\small</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="141" mergedindex="cp">\normalsize</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="142" mergedindex="cp">\large</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="143" mergedindex="cp">\Large</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="144" mergedindex="cp">\LARGE</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="145" mergedindex="cp">\huge</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="146" mergedindex="cp">\Huge</indexterm></findex> <multitable spaces=" " endspaces=" "><columnprototypes><columnprototype bracketed="on"><code>\normalsize</code> (default)<spacecmd type="spc"/><spacecmd type="spc"/></columnprototype> <columnprototype bracketed="on">24.88<spacecmd type="spc"/><spacecmd type="spc"/></columnprototype> <columnprototype bracketed="on">24.88<spacecmd type="spc"/><spacecmd type="spc"/></columnprototype> <columnprototype bracketed="on">24.88</columnprototype></columnprototypes> <thead><row><entry command="headitem" spaces=" "><para>Command </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para><code>10pt</code> </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para><code>11pt</code> </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para><code>12pt</code> @@ -1828,8 +1697,8 @@ for instance, <code>\begin{tiny}...\end{tiny}</code> <node name="Low_002dlevel-font-commands" spaces=" "><nodename>Low-level font commands</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Font sizes</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Fonts</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Low-level font commands</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="131">low-level font commands</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="132">font commands, low-level</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="124">low-level font commands</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="125">font commands, low-level</indexterm></cindex> <para>These commands are primarily intended for writers of macros and packages. The commands listed here are only a subset of the available @@ -1840,7 +1709,7 @@ ones. <table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> <beforefirstitem><anchor name="low-level-font-commands-fontencoding">low level font commands fontencoding</anchor> </beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\fontencoding{<var>encoding</var>}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="148" mergedindex="cp">\fontencoding</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="147" mergedindex="cp">\fontencoding</indexterm></findex> <para>Select the font encoding, the encoding of the output font. There are a large number of valid encodings. The most common are <code>OT1</code>, Knuth&textrsquo;s original encoding for Computer Modern (the default), and @@ -1852,9 +1721,9 @@ hyphenate words containing accented letters. For more, see </para> <anchor name="low-level-font-commands-fontfamily">low level font commands fontfamily</anchor> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\fontfamily{<var>family</var>}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="149" mergedindex="cp">\fontfamily</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="133">families, of fonts</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="134">font catalogue</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="148" mergedindex="cp">\fontfamily</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="126">families, of fonts</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="127">font catalogue</indexterm></cindex> <para>Select the font family. The web page <url><urefurl>http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/</urefurl></url> provides one way to browse through many of the fonts easily used with &latex;. Here are @@ -1906,8 +1775,8 @@ examples of some common families. <anchor name="low-level-font-commands-fontseries">low level font commands fontseries</anchor> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\fontseries{<var>series</var>}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="150" mergedindex="cp">\fontseries</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="135">series, of fonts</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="149" mergedindex="cp">\fontseries</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="128">series, of fonts</indexterm></cindex> <para>Select the font series. A <dfn>series</dfn> combines a <dfn>weight</dfn> and a <dfn>width</dfn>. Typically, a font supports only a few of the possible combinations. Some common combined series values include: @@ -1925,7 +1794,7 @@ combinations. Some common combined series values include: </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>Bold extended </para></entry></row></tbody></multitable> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="136">weights, of fonts</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="129">weights, of fonts</indexterm></cindex> <para>The possible values for weight, individually, are: </para> <multitable spaces=" " endspaces=" "><columnprototypes><columnprototype bracketed="on">xx</columnprototype> <columnprototype bracketed="on">Medium (normal) xx</columnprototype></columnprototypes> @@ -1949,7 +1818,7 @@ combinations. Some common combined series values include: </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>Ultra bold </para></entry></row></tbody></multitable> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="137">widths, of fonts</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="130">widths, of fonts</indexterm></cindex> <para>The possible values for width, individually, are (the meaning and relationship of these terms varies with individual typefaces): </para> @@ -1980,8 +1849,8 @@ weight and width are <code>m</code>, in which case use just one (<samp><code>m</code></samp>). </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\fontshape{<var>shape</var>}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="151" mergedindex="cp">\fontshape</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="138">shapes, of fonts</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="150" mergedindex="cp">\fontshape</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="131">shapes, of fonts</indexterm></cindex> <anchor name="low-level-font-commands-fontshape">low level font commands fontshape</anchor> <para>Select font shape. Valid shapes are: </para> @@ -2005,9 +1874,9 @@ small caps are often missing as well. </para> <anchor name="low-level-font-commands-fontsize">low level font commands fontsize</anchor> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\fontsize{<var>size</var>}{<var>skip</var>}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="152" mergedindex="cp">\fontsize</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="139">font size</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="153" mergedindex="cp">\baselineskip</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="151" mergedindex="cp">\fontsize</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="132">font size</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="152" mergedindex="cp">\baselineskip</indexterm></findex> <para>Set the font size and the line spacing. The unit of both parameters defaults to points (<code>pt</code>). The line spacing is the nominal vertical space between lines, baseline to baseline. It is stored in the @@ -2018,7 +1887,7 @@ reset every time a size change happens; see <code>\baselinestretch</code>, next. </para> <anchor name="low-level-font-commands-baselinestretch">low level font commands baselinestretch</anchor> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\baselinestretch</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="154" mergedindex="cp">\baselinestretch</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="153" mergedindex="cp">\baselinestretch</indexterm></findex> <para>&latex; multiplies the line spacing by the value of the <code>\baselinestretch</code> parameter; the default factor is 1. A change takes effect when <code>\selectfont</code> (see below) is called. You can @@ -2026,10 +1895,10 @@ make a line skip change happen for the entire document, for instance doubling it, by doing <code>\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{2.0}</code> in the preamble. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="140"><r>package</r>, <code>setspace</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="141"><code>setspace</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="133"><r>package</r>, <code>setspace</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="134"><code>setspace</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="142">double spacing</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="135">double spacing</indexterm></cindex> <para>However, the best way to double-space a document is to use the <file>setspace</file> package. In addition to offering a number of spacing options, this package keeps the line spacing single-spaced in places @@ -2038,7 +1907,7 @@ captions. See the package documentation. </para> <anchor name="low-level-font-commands-linespread">low level font commands linespread</anchor> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\linespread{<var>factor</var>}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="155" mergedindex="cp">\linespread</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="154" mergedindex="cp">\linespread</indexterm></findex> <para>Equivalent to <code>\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{<var>factor</var>}</code>, and therefore must be followed by <code>\selectfont</code> to have any effect. @@ -2047,7 +1916,7 @@ just described. </para> <anchor name="low-level-font-commands-selectfont">low level font commands selectfont</anchor> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\selectfont</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="156" mergedindex="cp">\selectfont</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="155" mergedindex="cp">\selectfont</indexterm></findex> <para>The effects of the font commands described above do not happen until <code>\selectfont</code> is called, as in <code>\fontfamily{<var>familyname</var>}\selectfont</code>. It is often useful @@ -2057,7 +1926,7 @@ to put this in a macro:&linebreak; </para> <anchor name="low-level-font-commands-usefont">low level font commands usefont</anchor> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\usefont{<var>enc</var>}{<var>family</var>}{<var>series</var>}{<var>shape</var>}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="157" mergedindex="cp">\usefont</indexterm></findex> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="156" mergedindex="cp">\usefont</indexterm></findex> <para>The same as invoking <code>\fontencoding</code>, <code>\fontfamily</code>, <code>\fontseries</code> and <code>\fontshape</code> with the given parameters, followed by <code>\selectfont</code>. For example: @@ -2074,7 +1943,7 @@ followed by <code>\selectfont</code>. For example: <node name="Layout" spaces=" "><nodename>Layout</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Sectioning</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Fonts</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> <chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Layout</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="143">layout commands</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="136">layout commands</indexterm></cindex> <para>Commands for controlling the general page layout. </para> @@ -2091,8 +1960,8 @@ followed by <code>\selectfont</code>. For example: <node name="_005conecolumn" spaces=" "><nodename>\onecolumn</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\twocolumn</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Layout</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\onecolumn</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="158" mergedindex="cp">\onecolumn</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="144">one-column output</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="157" mergedindex="cp">\onecolumn</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="137">one-column output</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -2110,9 +1979,9 @@ behavior (<pxref label="Document-class-options"><xrefnodename>Document class opt <node name="_005ctwocolumn" spaces=" "><nodename>\twocolumn</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\flushbottom</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\onecolumn</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Layout</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\twocolumn</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="159" mergedindex="cp">\twocolumn</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="145">multicolumn text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="146">two-column output</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="158" mergedindex="cp">\twocolumn</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="138">multicolumn text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="139">two-column output</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopses: </para> @@ -2133,14 +2002,14 @@ typesetting starts. <para>These parameters control typesetting in two-column output: </para> <ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> -<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="160" mergedindex="cp">\columnsep</indexterm>\columnsep</itemformat></item> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="159" mergedindex="cp">\columnsep</indexterm>\columnsep</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="twocolumn-columnsep">twocolumn columnsep</anchor> <para>The distance between columns. The default is 35pt. Change it with a command such as <code>\setlength{\columnsep}{40pt}</code> You must change it before the two column environment starts; in the preamble is a good place. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="161" mergedindex="cp">\columnseprule</indexterm>\columnseprule</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="160" mergedindex="cp">\columnseprule</indexterm>\columnseprule</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="twocolumn-columnseprule">twocolumn columnseprule</anchor> <para>The width of the rule between columns. The rule appears halfway between the two columns. The default is 0pt, meaning that there is no rule. @@ -2148,7 +2017,7 @@ Change it with a command such as <code>\setlength{\columnseprule}{0.4pt}</code>, before the two-column environment starts. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="162" mergedindex="cp">\columnwidth</indexterm>\columnwidth</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="161" mergedindex="cp">\columnwidth</indexterm>\columnwidth</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="twocolumn-columnwidth">twocolumn columnwidth</anchor> <para>The width of a single column. In one-column mode this is equal to <code>\textwidth</code>. In two-column mode by default &latex; sets the @@ -2165,7 +2034,7 @@ The following parameters control float behavior of two-column output. </para> <ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> <beforefirstitem><anchor name="twocolumn-dbltopfraction">twocolumn dbltopfraction</anchor> -</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="163" mergedindex="cp">\dbltopfraction</indexterm>\dbltopfraction</itemformat></item> +</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="162" mergedindex="cp">\dbltopfraction</indexterm>\dbltopfraction</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>The maximum fraction at the top of a two-column page that may be occupied by two-column wide floats. The default is 0.7, meaning that the height of a <code>table*</code> or <code>figure*</code> environment must not @@ -2191,13 +2060,13 @@ to avoid going to float pages so soon. <code>\renewcommand{\dbltopfraction}{0.9}</code>. </para> <anchor name="twocolumn-dblfloatpagefraction">twocolumn dblfloatpagefraction</anchor> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="164" mergedindex="cp">\dblfloatpagefraction</indexterm>\dblfloatpagefraction</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="163" mergedindex="cp">\dblfloatpagefraction</indexterm>\dblfloatpagefraction</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>For a float page of two-column wide floats, this is the minimum fraction that must be occupied by floats, limiting the amount of blank space. &latex;&textrsquo;s default is <code>0.5</code>. Change it with <code>\renewcommand</code>. </para> <anchor name="twocolumn-dblfloatsep">twocolumn dblfloatsep</anchor> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="165" mergedindex="cp">\dblfloatsep</indexterm>\dblfloatsep</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="164" mergedindex="cp">\dblfloatsep</indexterm>\dblfloatsep</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>On a float page of two-column wide floats, this length is the distance between floats, at both the top and bottom of the page. The default is <code>12pt plus2pt minus2pt</code> for a document set at <code>10pt</code> or @@ -2205,13 +2074,13 @@ between floats, at both the top and bottom of the page. The default is <code>12pt</code>. </para> <anchor name="twocolumn-dbltextfloatsep">twocolumn dbltextfloatsep</anchor> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="166" mergedindex="cp">\dbltextfloatsep</indexterm>\dbltextfloatsep</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="165" mergedindex="cp">\dbltextfloatsep</indexterm>\dbltextfloatsep</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>This length is the distance between a multi-column float at the top or bottom of a page and the main text. The default is <code>20pt plus2pt minus4pt</code>. </para> <anchor name="twocolumn-dbltopnumber">twocolumn dbltopnumber</anchor> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="167" mergedindex="cp">\dbltopnumber</indexterm>\dbltopnumber</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="166" mergedindex="cp">\dbltopnumber</indexterm>\dbltopnumber</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>On a float page of two-column wide floats, this counter gives the maximum number of floats allowed at the top of the page. The &latex; default is <code>2</code>. @@ -2247,7 +2116,7 @@ Two column text here. <node name="_005cflushbottom" spaces=" "><nodename>\flushbottom</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\raggedbottom</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\twocolumn</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Layout</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\flushbottom</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="168" mergedindex="cp">\flushbottom</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="167" mergedindex="cp">\flushbottom</indexterm></findex> <para>Make all pages in the documents after this declaration have the same height, by stretching the vertical space where necessary to fill out the @@ -2272,8 +2141,8 @@ is to, in a final editing stage, adjust the height of individual pages <node name="_005craggedbottom" spaces=" "><nodename>\raggedbottom</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Page layout parameters</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\flushbottom</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Layout</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\raggedbottom</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="169" mergedindex="cp">\raggedbottom</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="147">stretch, omitting vertical</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="168" mergedindex="cp">\raggedbottom</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="140">stretch, omitting vertical</indexterm></cindex> <para>Make all later pages the natural height of the material on that page; no rubber vertical lengths will be stretched. Thus, in a two-sided @@ -2288,20 +2157,20 @@ option (<pxref label="Document-class-options"><xrefnodename>Document class optio <node name="Page-layout-parameters" spaces=" "><nodename>Page layout parameters</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Floats</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\raggedbottom</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Layout</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Page layout parameters</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="148">page layout parameters</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="149">parameters, page layout</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="150">layout, page parameters for</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="151">header, parameters for</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="152">footer, parameters for</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="153">running header and footer</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="141">page layout parameters</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="142">parameters, page layout</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="143">layout, page parameters for</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="144">header, parameters for</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="145">footer, parameters for</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="146">running header and footer</indexterm></cindex> <ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> -<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="170" mergedindex="cp">\columnsep</indexterm>\columnsep</itemformat></item> -<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="171" mergedindex="cp">\columnseprule</indexterm>\columnseprule</itemformat></itemx> -<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="172" mergedindex="cp">\columnwidth</indexterm>\columnwidth</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="173" mergedindex="cp">\columnsep</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="174" mergedindex="cp">\columnseprule</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="175" mergedindex="cp">\columnwidth</indexterm></findex> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="169" mergedindex="cp">\columnsep</indexterm>\columnsep</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="170" mergedindex="cp">\columnseprule</indexterm>\columnseprule</itemformat></itemx> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="171" mergedindex="cp">\columnwidth</indexterm>\columnwidth</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="172" mergedindex="cp">\columnsep</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="173" mergedindex="cp">\columnseprule</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="174" mergedindex="cp">\columnwidth</indexterm></findex> <anchor name="page-layout-parameters-columnsep">page layout parameters columnsep</anchor> <anchor name="page-layout-parameters-columnseprule">page layout parameters columnseprule</anchor> <anchor name="page-layout-parameters-columnwidth">page layout parameters columnwidth</anchor> @@ -2310,15 +2179,15 @@ columns, and the width of the columns, when the document class option <code>twocolumn</code> is in effect (<pxref label="Document-class-options"><xrefnodename>Document class options</xrefnodename></pxref>). <xref label="_005ctwocolumn"><xrefnodename>\twocolumn</xrefnodename></xref>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="176" mergedindex="cp">\headheight</indexterm>\headheight</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="177" mergedindex="cp">\headheight</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="175" mergedindex="cp">\headheight</indexterm>\headheight</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="176" mergedindex="cp">\headheight</indexterm></findex> <anchor name="page-layout-parameters-headheight">page layout parameters headheight</anchor> <para>Height of the box that contains the running head. The default in the <code>article</code>, <code>report</code>, and <code>book</code> classes is <samp>12pt</samp>, at all type sizes. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="178" mergedindex="cp">\headsep</indexterm>\headsep</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="179" mergedindex="cp">\headsep</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="177" mergedindex="cp">\headsep</indexterm>\headsep</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="178" mergedindex="cp">\headsep</indexterm></findex> <anchor name="page-layout-parameters-headsep">page layout parameters headsep</anchor> <para>Vertical distance between the bottom of the header line and the top of the main text. The default in the <code>article</code> and <code>report</code> @@ -2326,8 +2195,8 @@ classes is <samp>25pt</samp>. In the <code>book</code> class the default is: if document is set at 10pt then it is <samp>0.25in</samp>, and at 11pt and 12pt it is <samp>0.275in</samp>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="180" mergedindex="cp">\footskip</indexterm>\footskip</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="181" mergedindex="cp">\footskip</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="179" mergedindex="cp">\footskip</indexterm>\footskip</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="180" mergedindex="cp">\footskip</indexterm></findex> <anchor name="page-layout-parameters-footskip">page layout parameters footskip</anchor> <para>Distance from the baseline of the last line of text to the baseline of the page footer. The default in the <code>article</code> and <code>report</code> @@ -2335,8 +2204,8 @@ classes is <samp>30pt</samp>. In the <code>book</code> class the default is: wh the type size is 10pt the default is <samp>0.35in</samp>, while at 11pt it is <samp>0.38in</samp>, and at 12pt it is <samp>30pt</samp>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="182" mergedindex="cp">\linewidth</indexterm>\linewidth</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="183" mergedindex="cp">\linewidth</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="181" mergedindex="cp">\linewidth</indexterm>\linewidth</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="182" mergedindex="cp">\linewidth</indexterm></findex> <anchor name="page-layout-parameters-linewidth">page layout parameters linewidth</anchor> <para>Width of the current line, decreased for each nested <code>list</code> (<pxref label="list"><xrefnodename>list</xrefnodename></pxref>). That is, the nominal value for <code>\linewidth</code> is to @@ -2347,12 +2216,12 @@ is decreased by the sum of that list&textrsquo;s <code>\leftmargin</code> and <!-- c etc. For an @code{article} document set in 10pt, the default is --> <!-- c @samp{345pt}, while in two-column mode that becomes @samp{229.5pt}. --> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="184" mergedindex="cp">\marginparpush</indexterm>\marginparpush</itemformat></item> -<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="185" mergedindex="cp">\marginsep</indexterm>\marginsep</itemformat></itemx> -<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="186" mergedindex="cp">\marginparwidth</indexterm>\marginparwidth</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="187" mergedindex="cp">\marginparpush</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="188" mergedindex="cp">\marginsep</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="189" mergedindex="cp">\marginparwidth</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="183" mergedindex="cp">\marginparpush</indexterm>\marginparpush</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="184" mergedindex="cp">\marginsep</indexterm>\marginsep</itemformat></itemx> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="185" mergedindex="cp">\marginparwidth</indexterm>\marginparwidth</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="186" mergedindex="cp">\marginparpush</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="187" mergedindex="cp">\marginsep</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="188" mergedindex="cp">\marginparwidth</indexterm></findex> <anchor name="page-layout-parameters-marginparpush">page layout parameters marginparpush</anchor> <anchor name="page-layout-parameters-marginsep">page layout parameters marginsep</anchor> <anchor name="page-layout-parameters-marginparwidth">page layout parameters marginparwidth</anchor> @@ -2380,10 +2249,10 @@ classes, in two-column mode the default is 60% of <code>\paperwidth − \textwidth</code>, while in one-column mode it is 50% of that distance. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="190" mergedindex="cp">\oddsidemargin</indexterm>\oddsidemargin</itemformat></item> -<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="191" mergedindex="cp">\evensidemargin</indexterm>\evensidemargin</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="192" mergedindex="cp">\oddsidemargin</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="193" mergedindex="cp">\evensidemargin</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="189" mergedindex="cp">\oddsidemargin</indexterm>\oddsidemargin</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="190" mergedindex="cp">\evensidemargin</indexterm>\evensidemargin</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="191" mergedindex="cp">\oddsidemargin</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="192" mergedindex="cp">\evensidemargin</indexterm></findex> <anchor name="page-layout-parameters-oddsidemargin">page layout parameters oddsidemargin</anchor> <anchor name="page-layout-parameters-evensidemargin">page layout parameters evensidemargin</anchor> <para>The <code>\oddsidemargin</code> is the extra distance between the left side of @@ -2397,24 +2266,24 @@ even-numbered pages the extra distance on the left is difference between <code>\paperwidth</code> and <code>\textwidth</code>, and <code>\evensidemargin</code> is the remainder. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="194" mergedindex="cp">\paperheight</indexterm>\paperheight</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="195" mergedindex="cp">\paperheight</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="193" mergedindex="cp">\paperheight</indexterm>\paperheight</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="194" mergedindex="cp">\paperheight</indexterm></findex> <anchor name="page-layout-parameters-paperheight">page layout parameters paperheight</anchor> <para>The height of the paper, as distinct from the height of the print area. Normally set with a document class option, as in <code>\documentclass[a4paper]{article}</code> (<pxref label="Document-class-options"><xrefnodename>Document class options</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="196" mergedindex="cp">\paperwidth</indexterm>\paperwidth</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="197" mergedindex="cp">\paperwidth</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="195" mergedindex="cp">\paperwidth</indexterm>\paperwidth</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="196" mergedindex="cp">\paperwidth</indexterm></findex> <anchor name="page-layout-parameters-paperwidth">page layout parameters paperwidth</anchor> <para>The width of the paper, as distinct from the width of the print area. Normally set with a document class option, as in <code>\documentclass[a4paper]{article}</code> (<pxref label="Document-class-options"><xrefnodename>Document class options</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="198" mergedindex="cp">\textheight</indexterm>\textheight</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="199" mergedindex="cp">\textheight</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="197" mergedindex="cp">\textheight</indexterm>\textheight</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="198" mergedindex="cp">\textheight</indexterm></findex> <anchor name="page-layout-parameters-textheight">page layout parameters textheight</anchor> <para>The normal vertical height of the page body. If the document is set at a nominal type size of 10pt then for an <code>article</code> or <code>report</code> @@ -2423,8 +2292,8 @@ the default is <samp>43\baselineskip</samp>, while for a <code>book</code> it is <samp>38\baselineskip</samp> for all document classes. At 12pt it is <samp>36\baselineskip</samp> for all classes. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="200" mergedindex="cp">\textwidth</indexterm>\textwidth</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="201" mergedindex="cp">\textwidth</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="199" mergedindex="cp">\textwidth</indexterm>\textwidth</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="200" mergedindex="cp">\textwidth</indexterm></findex> <anchor name="page-layout-parameters-textwidth">page layout parameters textwidth</anchor> <para>The full horizontal width of the entire page body. For an <code>article</code> or <code>report</code> document, the default is <samp>345pt</samp> @@ -2445,15 +2314,15 @@ column), while <code>\linewidth</code> may decrease for nested lists. specified width, and revert to their normal values at the end of the <code>minipage</code> or <code>\parbox</code>. </para> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="202" mergedindex="cp">\hsize</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="201" mergedindex="cp">\hsize</indexterm></findex> <anchor name="page-layout-parameters-hsize">page layout parameters hsize</anchor> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="203" mergedindex="cp">\hsize</indexterm>\hsize</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="202" mergedindex="cp">\hsize</indexterm>\hsize</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>This entry is included for completeness: <code>\hsize</code> is the &tex; primitive parameter used when text is broken into lines. It should not be used in normal &latex; documents. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="204" mergedindex="cp">\topmargin</indexterm>\topmargin</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="205" mergedindex="cp">topmargin</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="203" mergedindex="cp">\topmargin</indexterm>\topmargin</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="204" mergedindex="cp">topmargin</indexterm></findex> <anchor name="page-layout-parameters-topmargin">page layout parameters topmargin</anchor> <para>Space between the top of the &tex; page (one inch from the top of the paper, by default) and the top of the header. The value is computed @@ -2461,8 +2330,8 @@ based on many other parameters: <code>\paperheight − 2in − \headheight − \headsep − \textheight − \footskip</code>, and then divided by two. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="206" mergedindex="cp">\topskip</indexterm>\topskip</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="207" mergedindex="cp">\topskip</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="205" mergedindex="cp">\topskip</indexterm>\topskip</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="206" mergedindex="cp">\topskip</indexterm></findex> <anchor name="page-layout-parameters-topskip">page layout parameters topskip</anchor> <para>Minimum distance between the top of the page body and the baseline of the first line of text. For the standard classes, the default is the @@ -2500,8 +2369,8 @@ float that is big may migrate to the end of the document. In which event, because all floats in a class must appear in sequential order, every following float in that class also appears at the end. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="154">placement of floats</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="155">specifier, float placement</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="147">placement of floats</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="148">specifier, float placement</indexterm></cindex> <para>In addition to changing the parameters, for each float you can tweak where the float placement algorithm tries to place it by using its <var>placement</var> argument. The possible values are a sequence of the @@ -2524,9 +2393,9 @@ FAQ: <url><urefurl>http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=2colfloat</ure appears. However, <code>h</code> is not allowed by itself; <code>t</code> is automatically added. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="156">here, putting floats</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="157"><r>package</r>, <code>float</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="158"><code>float</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="149">here, putting floats</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="150"><r>package</r>, <code>float</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="151"><code>float</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>To absolutely force a float to appear &textldquo;here&textrdquo;, you can <code>\usepackage{float}</code> and use the <code>H</code> specifier which it @@ -2534,7 +2403,7 @@ defines. For further discussion, see the FAQ entry at <url><urefurl>http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=figurehere</urefurl></url>. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">p</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="159">float page</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="152">float page</indexterm></cindex> <para>(Page of floats)&textmdash;on a separate <dfn>float page</dfn>, which is a page containing no text, only floats. </para> @@ -2562,8 +2431,8 @@ use the <file>afterpage</file> package and issue <code>\afterpage{\clearpage}</code>. This will wait until the current page is finished and then flush all outstanding floats. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="160"><r>package</r>, <code>flafter</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="161"><code>flafter</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="153"><r>package</r>, <code>flafter</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="154"><code>flafter</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>&latex; can typeset a float before where it appears in the source (although on the same output page) if there is a <code>t</code> specifier in @@ -2571,7 +2440,7 @@ the <var>placement</var> parameter. If this is not desired, and deleting the <code>t</code> is not acceptable as it keeps the float from being placed at the top of the next page, then you can prevent it by either using the <file>flafter</file> package or using the command -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="208" mergedindex="cp">\suppressfloats</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="207" mergedindex="cp">\suppressfloats</indexterm></findex> <code>\suppressfloats[t]</code>, which causes floats for the top position on this page to moved to the next page. </para> @@ -2580,27 +2449,27 @@ non-float text (change them with <code>\renewcommand{<var>parameter</var>}{<var>decimal between 0 and 1</var>}</code>): </para> <ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> -<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="209" mergedindex="cp">\bottomfraction</indexterm>\bottomfraction</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="210" mergedindex="cp">\bottomfraction</indexterm></findex> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="208" mergedindex="cp">\bottomfraction</indexterm>\bottomfraction</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="209" mergedindex="cp">\bottomfraction</indexterm></findex> <anchor name="floats-bottomfraction">floats bottomfraction</anchor> <para>The maximum fraction of the page allowed to be occupied by floats at the bottom; default <samp>.3</samp>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="211" mergedindex="cp">\floatpagefraction</indexterm>\floatpagefraction</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="212" mergedindex="cp">\floatpagefraction</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="210" mergedindex="cp">\floatpagefraction</indexterm>\floatpagefraction</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="211" mergedindex="cp">\floatpagefraction</indexterm></findex> <anchor name="floats-floatpagefraction">floats floatpagefraction</anchor> <para>The minimum fraction of a float page that must be occupied by floats; default <samp>.5</samp>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="213" mergedindex="cp">\textfraction</indexterm>\textfraction</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="214" mergedindex="cp">\textfraction</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="212" mergedindex="cp">\textfraction</indexterm>\textfraction</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="213" mergedindex="cp">\textfraction</indexterm></findex> <anchor name="floats-textfraction">floats textfraction</anchor> <para>Minimum fraction of a page that must be text; if floats take up too much space to preserve this much text, floats will be moved to a different page. The default is <samp>.2</samp>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="215" mergedindex="cp">\topfraction</indexterm>\topfraction</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="216" mergedindex="cp">\topfraction</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="214" mergedindex="cp">\topfraction</indexterm>\topfraction</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="215" mergedindex="cp">\topfraction</indexterm></findex> <anchor name="floats-topfraction">floats topfraction</anchor> <para>Maximum fraction at the top of a page that may be occupied before floats; default <samp>.7</samp>. @@ -2611,21 +2480,21 @@ command of the form <code>\setlength{<var>parameter</var>}{ expression</var>}</code>): </para> <ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> -<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="217" mergedindex="cp">\floatsep</indexterm>\floatsep</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="218" mergedindex="cp">\floatsep</indexterm></findex> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="216" mergedindex="cp">\floatsep</indexterm>\floatsep</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="217" mergedindex="cp">\floatsep</indexterm></findex> <anchor name="floats-floatsep">floats floatsep</anchor> <para>Space between floats at the top or bottom of a page; default <samp>12pt plus2pt minus2pt</samp>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="219" mergedindex="cp">\intextsep</indexterm>\intextsep</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="220" mergedindex="cp">\intextsep</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="218" mergedindex="cp">\intextsep</indexterm>\intextsep</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="219" mergedindex="cp">\intextsep</indexterm></findex> <anchor name="floats-intextsep">floats intextsep</anchor> <para>Space above and below a float in the middle of the main text; default <samp>12pt plus2pt minus2pt</samp> for 10 point and 11 point documents, and <samp>14pt plus4pt minus4pt</samp> for 12 point documents. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="221" mergedindex="cp">\textfloatsep</indexterm>\textfloatsep</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="222" mergedindex="cp">\textfloatsep</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="220" mergedindex="cp">\textfloatsep</indexterm>\textfloatsep</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="221" mergedindex="cp">\textfloatsep</indexterm></findex> <anchor name="floats-textfloatsep">floats textfloatsep</anchor> <para>Space between the last (first) float at the top (bottom) of a page; default <samp>20pt plus2pt minus4pt</samp>. @@ -2636,26 +2505,26 @@ command of the form <code>\setcounter{<var>ctrname</var>}{< number</var>}</code>): </para> <ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> -<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="223" mergedindex="cp">bottomnumber</indexterm>bottomnumber</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="224" mergedindex="cp">bottomnumber</indexterm></findex> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="222" mergedindex="cp">bottomnumber</indexterm>bottomnumber</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="223" mergedindex="cp">bottomnumber</indexterm></findex> <anchor name="floats-bottomnumber">floats bottomnumber</anchor> <para>Maximum number of floats that can appear at the bottom of a text page; default 1. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="225" mergedindex="cp">dbltopnumber</indexterm>dbltopnumber</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="226" mergedindex="cp">dbltopnumber</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="224" mergedindex="cp">dbltopnumber</indexterm>dbltopnumber</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="225" mergedindex="cp">dbltopnumber</indexterm></findex> <anchor name="floats-dbltopnumber">floats dbltopnumber</anchor> <para>Maximum number of full-sized floats that can appear at the top of a two-column page; default 2. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="227" mergedindex="cp">topnumber</indexterm>topnumber</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="228" mergedindex="cp">topnumber</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="226" mergedindex="cp">topnumber</indexterm>topnumber</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="227" mergedindex="cp">topnumber</indexterm></findex> <anchor name="floats-topnumber">floats topnumber</anchor> <para>Maximum number of floats that can appear at the top of a text page; default 2. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="229" mergedindex="cp">totalnumber</indexterm>totalnumber</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="230" mergedindex="cp">totalnumber</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="228" mergedindex="cp">totalnumber</indexterm>totalnumber</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="229" mergedindex="cp">totalnumber</indexterm></findex> <anchor name="floats-totalnumber">floats totalnumber</anchor> <para>Maximum number of floats that can appear on a text page; default 3. </para></tableitem></tableentry></ftable> @@ -2675,19 +2544,19 @@ influence the position of float environments like figure and table in <node name="Sectioning" spaces=" "><nodename>Sectioning</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Cross references</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Layout</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> <chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Sectioning</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="162">sectioning commands</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="163">part</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="164">chapter</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="165">section</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="166">subsection</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="167">paragraph</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="168">subparagraph</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="231" mergedindex="cp">\part</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="232" mergedindex="cp">\chapter</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="233" mergedindex="cp">\section</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="234" mergedindex="cp">\subsection</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="235" mergedindex="cp">\paragraph</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="236" mergedindex="cp">\subparagraph</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="155">sectioning commands</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="156">part</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="157">chapter</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="158">section</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="159">subsection</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="160">paragraph</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="161">subparagraph</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="230" mergedindex="cp">\part</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="231" mergedindex="cp">\chapter</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="232" mergedindex="cp">\section</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="233" mergedindex="cp">\subsection</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="234" mergedindex="cp">\paragraph</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="235" mergedindex="cp">\subparagraph</indexterm></findex> <para>Structure your text into divisions: parts, chapters, sections, etc. All sectioning commands have the same form, one of: @@ -2725,7 +2594,7 @@ not available in <code>article</code>. </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para><code>\subparagraph</code> </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>5 </para></entry></row></tbody></multitable> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="169"><code>*</code>-form of sectioning commands</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="162"><code>*</code>-form of sectioning commands</indexterm></cindex> <para>All these commands have a <code>*</code>-form that prints <var>title</var> as usual but is not numbered and does not make an entry in the table of contents. An example of using this is for an appendix in an <code>article</code> . The @@ -2758,9 +2627,9 @@ subsection numbered <samp>3.0.1</samp>. <para>Two counters relate to the appearance of sectioning commands. </para> <ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> -<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="237" mergedindex="cp">secnumdepth</indexterm>secnumdepth</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="238" mergedindex="cp">secnumdepth <r>counter</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="170">section numbers, printing</indexterm></cindex> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="236" mergedindex="cp">secnumdepth</indexterm>secnumdepth</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="237" mergedindex="cp">secnumdepth <r>counter</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="163">section numbers, printing</indexterm></cindex> <anchor name="sectioning-secnumdepth">sectioning secnumdepth</anchor> <anchor name="Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth">Sectioning/secnumdepth</anchor> <para>Controls which sectioning commands are @@ -2774,9 +2643,9 @@ like <samp>Discussion</samp>, without the number. &latex;&textrsquo;s default <code>secnumdepth</code> is 3 in <file>article</file> class and 2 in the <file>book</file> and <file>report</file> classes. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="239" mergedindex="cp">tocdepth</indexterm>tocdepth</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="240" mergedindex="cp">tocdepth <r>counter</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="171">table of contents, sectioning numbers printed</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="238" mergedindex="cp">tocdepth</indexterm>tocdepth</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="239" mergedindex="cp">tocdepth <r>counter</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="164">table of contents, sectioning numbers printed</indexterm></cindex> <anchor name="sectioning-tocdepth">sectioning tocdepth</anchor> <anchor name="Sectioning_002ftocdepth">Sectioning/tocdepth</anchor> <para>Controls which sectioning units are listed in the table of contents. @@ -2805,9 +2674,9 @@ list sections but not subsections. &latex;&textrsquo;s default <node name="_005cpart" spaces=" "><nodename>\part</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\chapter</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Sectioning</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\part</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="241" mergedindex="cp">\part</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="172">part</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="173">sectioning, part</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="240" mergedindex="cp">\part</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="165">part</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="166">sectioning, part</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis, one of: </para> @@ -2859,15 +2728,15 @@ out the break in the table of contents. the table of contents, the level number of a part is -1 (<pxref label="Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth"><xrefnodename>Sectioning/secnumdepth</xrefnodename></pxref> and <pxref label="Sectioning_002ftocdepth"><xrefnodename>Sectioning/tocdepth</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="174"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="175"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="167"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="168"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>In the class <code>article</code>, if a paragraph immediately follows the part title then it is not indented. To get an indent you can use the package <file>indentfirst</file>. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="176"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="177"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="169"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="170"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>One package to change the behavior of <code>\part</code> is <file>titlesec</file>. See its documentation on CTAN. @@ -2877,8 +2746,8 @@ See its documentation on CTAN. <node name="_005cchapter" spaces=" "><nodename>\chapter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\section</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\part</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Sectioning</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\chapter</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="242" mergedindex="cp">\chapter</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="178">chapter</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="241" mergedindex="cp">\chapter</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="171">chapter</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis, one of: </para> @@ -2945,8 +2814,8 @@ the break in the contents the table of contents, the level number of a chapter is 0 (<pxref label="Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth"><xrefnodename>Sectioning/secnumdepth</xrefnodename></pxref> and <pxref label="Sectioning_002ftocdepth"><xrefnodename>Sectioning/tocdepth</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="179"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="180"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="172"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="173"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>The paragraph that follows the chapter title is not indented, as is a standard typographical practice. To get an indent use the package @@ -2963,8 +2832,8 @@ something like <samp>Lecture 1</samp>, put in the preamble either \makeatother </pre></example> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="181"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="182"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="174"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="175"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <noindent></noindent> <para>To make this change because of the primary language for the document, see the package <file>babel</file>. @@ -2974,8 +2843,8 @@ necessary leaving an even-numbered page that is blank except for any running headers. To make that page completely blank, see <ref label="_005cclearpage-_0026-_005ccleardoublepage"><xrefnodename>\clearpage & \cleardoublepage</xrefnodename></ref>. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="183"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="184"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="176"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="177"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>To change the behavior of the <code>\chapter</code> command, you can copy its definition from the &latex; format file and make adjustments. But @@ -3002,8 +2871,8 @@ running headers. <node name="_005csection" spaces=" "><nodename>\section</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\subsection</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\chapter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Sectioning</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\section</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="243" mergedindex="cp">\section</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="185">section</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="242" mergedindex="cp">\section</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="178">section</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis, one of: </para> @@ -3071,15 +2940,15 @@ so it is omitted from the contents and headers. the table of contents, the level number of a section is 1 (<pxref label="Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth"><xrefnodename>Sectioning/secnumdepth</xrefnodename></pxref> and <pxref label="Sectioning_002ftocdepth"><xrefnodename>Sectioning/tocdepth</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="186"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="187"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="179"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="180"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>The paragraph that follows the section title is not indented, as is a standard typographical practice. One way to get an indent is to use the package <file>indentfirst</file>. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="188"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="189"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="181"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="182"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>In general, to change the behavior of the <code>\section</code> command, there are a number of options. One is the <code>\&arobase;startsection</code> command @@ -3107,8 +2976,8 @@ example below gives a sense of what they can do. <node name="_005csubsection" spaces=" "><nodename>\subsection</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\section</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Sectioning</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\subsection</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="244" mergedindex="cp">\subsection</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="190">subsection</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="243" mergedindex="cp">\subsection</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="183">subsection</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis, one of: </para> @@ -3161,15 +3030,15 @@ paper</samp> on the contents page. the table of contents, the level number of a subsection is 2 (<pxref label="Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth"><xrefnodename>Sectioning/secnumdepth</xrefnodename></pxref> and <pxref label="Sectioning_002ftocdepth"><xrefnodename>Sectioning/tocdepth</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="191"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="192"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="184"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="185"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>The paragraph that follows the subsection title is not indented, as is a standard typographical practice. One way to get an indent is to use the package <file>indentfirst</file>. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="193"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="194"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="186"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="187"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>There are a number of ways to change the behavior of the <code>\subsection</code> command. One is the <code>\&arobase;startsection</code> command @@ -3196,12 +3065,12 @@ text. <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\subsubsection</code>, <code>\paragraph</code>, <code>\subparagraph</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="245" mergedindex="cp">\subsubsection</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="195">subsubsection</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="246" mergedindex="cp">\paragraph</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="196">paragraph</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="247" mergedindex="cp">\subparagraph</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="197">subparagraph</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="244" mergedindex="cp">\subsubsection</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="188">subsubsection</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="245" mergedindex="cp">\paragraph</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="189">paragraph</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="246" mergedindex="cp">\subparagraph</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="190">subparagraph</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis, one of: </para> @@ -3267,15 +3136,15 @@ the table of contents, the level number of a subsubsection is 3, of a paragraph is 4, and of a subparagraph is 5 (<pxref label="Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth"><xrefnodename>Sectioning/secnumdepth</xrefnodename></pxref> and <pxref label="Sectioning_002ftocdepth"><xrefnodename>Sectioning/tocdepth</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="198"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="199"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="191"><r>package</r>, <code>indentfirst</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="192"><code>indentfirst</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>The paragraph that follows the subsubsection title is not indented, as is a standard typographical practice. One way to get an indent is to use the package <file>indentfirst</file>. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="200"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="201"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="193"><r>package</r>, <code>titlesec</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="194"><code>titlesec</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>There are a number of ways to change the behavior of the these commands. One is the <code>\&arobase;startsection</code> command (<pxref label="_005c_0040startsection"><xrefnodename>\&arobase;startsection</xrefnodename></pxref>). @@ -3288,9 +3157,9 @@ There are also many packages on CTAN that address this, including <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\appendix</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="248" mergedindex="cp">\appendix</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="202">appendix</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="203">appendices</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="247" mergedindex="cp">\appendix</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="195">appendix</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="196">appendices</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -3322,8 +3191,8 @@ book or report, and in an article resets the <code>section</code> and <samp>Appendix A</samp> and <samp>Appendix B</samp>. <xref label="Larger-book-template"><xrefnodename>Larger book template</xrefnodename></xref> for another example. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="204"><r>package</r>, <code>appendix</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="205"><code>appendix</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="197"><r>package</r>, <code>appendix</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="198"><code>appendix</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>The <file>appendix</file> package adds the command <code>\appendixpage</code> to put a separate <samp>Appendices</samp> in the document body before the first appendix, and the command <code>\addappheadtotoc</code> @@ -3338,13 +3207,13 @@ number of other features. See the documentation on CTAN. <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\frontmatter</code>, <code>\mainmatter</code>, <code>\backmatter</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="249" mergedindex="cp">\frontmatter</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="206">book, front matter</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="250" mergedindex="cp">\mainmatter</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="207">book, main matter</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="251" mergedindex="cp">\backmatter</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="208">book, back matter</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="209">book, end matter</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="248" mergedindex="cp">\frontmatter</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="199">book, front matter</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="249" mergedindex="cp">\mainmatter</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="200">book, main matter</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="250" mergedindex="cp">\backmatter</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="201">book, back matter</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="202">book, end matter</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis, one of: </para> @@ -3378,8 +3247,8 @@ numbered. <xref label="Larger-book-template"><xrefnodename>Larger book template <node name="_005c_0040startsection" spaces=" "><nodename>\&arobase;startsection</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Sectioning</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\&arobase;startsection</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="252" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;startsection</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="210">section, redefining</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="251" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;startsection</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="203">section, redefining</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -3617,9 +3486,9 @@ display that counter. <node name="Cross-references" spaces=" "><nodename>Cross references</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Environments</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Sectioning</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> <chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Cross references</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="211">cross references</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="204">cross references</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="212">label</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="205">label</indexterm></cindex> <para>We often want something like <samp>See Theorem~31</samp>. But by-hand typing the 31 is poor practice. Instead you should write a <dfn>label</dfn> such as <code>\label{eq:GreensThm}</code> and then <dfn>reference</dfn> it, as with @@ -3643,8 +3512,8 @@ the <code>\label</code>. So if <code>\label</code> is in <file>calculus.tex</fi the information is in <file>calculus.aux</file>. &latex; puts the information in that file every time it runs across a <code>\label</code>. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="213">forward reference</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="214">reference, forward</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="206">forward reference</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="207">reference, forward</indexterm></cindex> <para>The behavior described in the prior paragraph results in a quirk that happens when your document has a <dfn>forward reference</dfn>, a <code>\ref</code> that appears before the associated <code>\label</code>. If this is the first @@ -3656,8 +3525,8 @@ change some things so the references changes; you get the same warning and the output contains the old reference information. In both cases, resolve this by compiling the document a second time. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="215"><r>package</r>, <code>cleveref</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="216"><code>cleveref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="208"><r>package</r>, <code>cleveref</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="209"><code>cleveref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>cleveref</code> package enhances &latex;&textrsquo;s cross referencing features. You can arrange that if you enter <code>\begin{thm}\label{th:Nerode}...\end{thm}</code> then @@ -3674,7 +3543,7 @@ having to enter the &textldquo;Theorem.&textrdquo; <node name="_005clabel" spaces=" "><nodename>\label</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\pageref</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Cross references</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\label</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="253" mergedindex="cp">\label</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="252" mergedindex="cp">\label</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -3746,9 +3615,9 @@ See Figure~\ref{fig:test}. <node name="_005cpageref" spaces=" "><nodename>\pageref</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\ref</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\label</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Cross references</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\pageref</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="254" mergedindex="cp">\pageref</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="217">cross referencing with page number</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="218">page number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="253" mergedindex="cp">\pageref</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="210">cross referencing with page number</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="211">page number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -3781,12 +3650,12 @@ those.) <node name="_005cref" spaces=" "><nodename>\ref</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\pageref</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Cross references</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\ref</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="255" mergedindex="cp">\ref</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="219">cross referencing, symbolic</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="220">section number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="221">equation number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="222">figure number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="223">footnote number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="254" mergedindex="cp">\ref</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="212">cross referencing, symbolic</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="213">section number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="214">equation number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="215">figure number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="216">footnote number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -3816,8 +3685,8 @@ so this document would have to be compiled twice. \end{enumerate} </pre></example> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="224"><r>package</r>, <code>cleveref</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="225"><code>cleveref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="217"><r>package</r>, <code>cleveref</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="218"><code>cleveref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>The <file>cleveref</file> package includes text such as <samp>Theorem</samp> in the reference. See the documentation on CTAN. @@ -3828,9 +3697,9 @@ reference. See the documentation on CTAN. <node name="Environments" spaces=" "><nodename>Environments</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Line breaking</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Cross references</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> <chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Environments</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="226">environments</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="256" mergedindex="cp">\begin</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="257" mergedindex="cp">\end</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="219">environments</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="255" mergedindex="cp">\begin</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="256" mergedindex="cp">\end</indexterm></findex> <para>&latex; provides many environments for delimiting certain behavior. An environment begins with <code>\begin</code> and ends with <code>\end</code>, @@ -3848,7 +3717,7 @@ the end. For instance, the input <samp>! LaTeX Error: \begin{table*} on input line 5 ended by \end{table}.</samp> </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="227">group, and environments</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="220">group, and environments</indexterm></cindex> <para>Environments are executed within a group. </para> <menu endspaces=" "> @@ -3886,10 +3755,10 @@ the end. For instance, the input <node name="abstract" spaces=" "><nodename>abstract</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">array</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>abstract</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="258" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>abstract</code></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="259" mergedindex="cp"><code>abstract</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="257" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>abstract</code></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="258" mergedindex="cp"><code>abstract</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="228">abstracts</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="221">abstracts</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -3946,10 +3815,10 @@ a more flexible solution, use the package <file>abstract</file>). <node name="array" spaces=" "><nodename>array</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">center</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">abstract</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>array</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="260" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>array</code></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="261" mergedindex="cp"><code>array</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="259" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>array</code></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="260" mergedindex="cp"><code>array</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="229">arrays, math</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="222">arrays, math</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -4006,13 +3875,13 @@ the column with <code>p{...}</code>, which causes the entry to be text mode. The second is that, instead of <code>tabular</code>&textrsquo;s parameter <code>\tabcolsep</code>, &latex;&textrsquo;s intercolumn space in an <code>array</code> is governed by -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="262" mergedindex="cp">\arraycolsep</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="261" mergedindex="cp">\arraycolsep</indexterm></findex> <code>\arraycolsep</code>, which gives half the width between columns. The default for this is <samp>5pt</samp> so that between two columns comes 10<dmn>pt</dmn> of space. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="230"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="231"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="223"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="224"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>To obtain arrays with braces the standard is to use the <file>amsmath</file> package. It comes with environments <code>pmatrix</code> for an array @@ -4023,8 +3892,8 @@ an array surrounded by vertical bars <code>|...|</code>, and <code>Vmatrix</code> for an array surrounded by double vertical bars <code>||...||</code>, along with a number of other array constructs. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="232"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="233"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="225"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="226"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>The next example uses the <file>amsmath</file> package. </para> @@ -4039,11 +3908,11 @@ bars <code>||...||</code>, along with a number of other array constructs. \end{equation} </pre></example> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="234"><r>package</r>, <code>array (package)</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="235"><code>array (package)</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="227"><r>package</r>, <code>array (package)</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="228"><code>array (package)</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="236"><r>package</r>, <code>dcolumn</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="237"><code>dcolumn</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="229"><r>package</r>, <code>dcolumn</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="230"><code>dcolumn</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>There are many packages concerning arrays. The <file>array</file> package has many useful extensions, including more column types. The <file>dcolumn</file> @@ -4055,10 +3924,10 @@ the documentation on CTAN. <node name="center" spaces=" "><nodename>center</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">description</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">array</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>center</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="263" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>center</code></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="264" mergedindex="cp"><code>center</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="262" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>center</code></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="263" mergedindex="cp"><code>center</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="238">centering text, environment for</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="231">centering text, environment for</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -4073,7 +3942,7 @@ the documentation on CTAN. <para>Create a new paragraph consisting of a sequence of lines that are centered within the left and right margins. Use double-backslash, <code>\\</code>, to get a line break (<pxref label="_005c_005c"><xrefnodename>\\</xrefnodename></pxref>). -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="265" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(for <code>center</code>)</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="264" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(for <code>center</code>)</r></indexterm></findex> If some text is too long to fit on a line then &latex; will insert line breaks that avoid hyphenation and avoid stretching or shrinking any interword space. @@ -4121,8 +3990,8 @@ entire page. <node name="_005ccentering" spaces=" "><nodename>\centering</nodename><nodeup automatic="on">center</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\centering</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="266" mergedindex="cp">\centering</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="239">centering text, declaration for</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="265" mergedindex="cp">\centering</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="232">centering text, declaration for</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: @@ -4179,11 +4048,11 @@ centered lines <samp>xx</samp> and <samp>yy</samp>, followed by a new paragraph <node name="description" spaces=" "><nodename>description</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">displaymath</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">center</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>description</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="267" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>description</code></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="268" mergedindex="cp"><code>description</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="266" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>description</code></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="267" mergedindex="cp"><code>description</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="240">labelled lists, creating</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="241">description lists, creating</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="233">labelled lists, creating</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="234">description lists, creating</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -4214,14 +4083,14 @@ missing \item</samp>. <para>The labels <samp>lama</samp> and <samp>llama</samp> are output in boldface, with the left edge on the left margin. </para> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="269" mergedindex="cp">\item</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="268" mergedindex="cp">\item</indexterm></findex> <para>Start list items with the <code>\item</code> command (<pxref label="_005citem"><xrefnodename>\item</xrefnodename></pxref>). Use the optional labels, as in <code>\item[Main point]</code>, because there is no sensible default. Following the <code>\item</code> is optional text, which may contain multiple paragraphs. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="242">bold typewriter, avoiding</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="243">typewriter labels in lists</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="235">bold typewriter, avoiding</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="236">typewriter labels in lists</indexterm></cindex> <para>Since the labels are in bold style, if the label text calls for a font change given in argument style (see <ref label="Font-styles"><xrefnodename>Font styles</xrefnodename></ref>) then it will come out bold. For instance, if the label text calls for typewriter with @@ -4254,8 +4123,8 @@ lists. <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>displaymath</code></sectiontitle> <!-- c http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/40492/what-are-the-differences-between-align-equation-and-displaymath --> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="270" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>displaymath</code></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="271" mergedindex="cp"><code>displaymath</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="269" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>displaymath</code></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="270" mergedindex="cp"><code>displaymath</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: @@ -4276,8 +4145,8 @@ math text. One way to get an equation number is to use the </para> <para>&latex; will not break the <var>math text</var> across lines. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="244"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="245"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="237"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="238"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>Note that the <file>amsmath</file> package has significantly more extensive displayed equation facilities. For example, there are a number of @@ -4313,8 +4182,8 @@ environment honors the <code>fleqn</code> option.) <node name="document" spaces=" "><nodename>document</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">enumerate</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">displaymath</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>document</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="272" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>document</code></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="273" mergedindex="cp"><code>document</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="271" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>document</code></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="272" mergedindex="cp"><code>document</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>document</code> environment encloses the entire body of a document. @@ -4329,8 +4198,8 @@ It is required in every &latex; document. <xref label="Starting-and-ending"><xr <node name="_005cAtBeginDocument" spaces=" "><nodename>\AtBeginDocument</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\AtEndDocument</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">document</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\AtBeginDocument</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="274" mergedindex="cp">\AtBeginDocument</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="246">beginning of document hook</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="273" mergedindex="cp">\AtBeginDocument</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="239">beginning of document hook</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -4352,8 +4221,8 @@ will be executed in the order that you gave them. <node name="_005cAtEndDocument" spaces=" "><nodename>\AtEndDocument</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\AtBeginDocument</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">document</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\AtEndDocument</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="275" mergedindex="cp">\AtEndDocument</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="247">end of document hook</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="274" mergedindex="cp">\AtEndDocument</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="240">end of document hook</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -4377,10 +4246,10 @@ will be executed in the order that you gave them. <node name="enumerate" spaces=" "><nodename>enumerate</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">eqnarray</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">document</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>enumerate</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="276" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>enumerate</code></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="277" mergedindex="cp"><code>enumerate</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="275" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>enumerate</code></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="276" mergedindex="cp"><code>enumerate</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="248">lists of items, numbered</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="241">lists of items, numbered</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -4410,7 +4279,7 @@ As a top-level list the labels would come out as <samp>1.</samp> and \end{enumerate} </pre></example> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="278" mergedindex="cp">\item</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="277" mergedindex="cp">\item</indexterm></findex> <para>Start list items with the <code>\item</code> command (<pxref label="_005citem"><xrefnodename>\item</xrefnodename></pxref>). If you give <code>\item</code> an optional argument by following it with square brackets, as in <code>\item[Interstitial label]</code>, then the next item @@ -4432,10 +4301,10 @@ the outermost level. </para></listitem><listitem spaces=" "><para>uppercase letter followed by a period: <samp>A.</samp>, <samp>B.</samp>, &dots; </para></listitem></enumerate> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="279" mergedindex="cp">\enumi</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="280" mergedindex="cp">\enumii</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="281" mergedindex="cp">\enumiii</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="282" mergedindex="cp">\enumiv</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="278" mergedindex="cp">\enumi</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="279" mergedindex="cp">\enumii</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="280" mergedindex="cp">\enumiii</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="281" mergedindex="cp">\enumiv</indexterm></findex> <anchor name="enumerate-enumi">enumerate enumi</anchor> <anchor name="enumerate-enumii">enumerate enumii</anchor> <anchor name="enumerate-enumiii">enumerate enumiii</anchor> @@ -4449,10 +4318,10 @@ parameters, including the default values, and for information about customizing list layout, see <ref label="list"><xrefnodename>list</xrefnodename></ref>. The package <file>enumitem</file> is useful for customizing lists. </para> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="283" mergedindex="cp">\labelenumi</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="284" mergedindex="cp">\labelenumii</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="285" mergedindex="cp">\labelenumiii</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="286" mergedindex="cp">\labelenumiv</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="282" mergedindex="cp">\labelenumi</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="283" mergedindex="cp">\labelenumii</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="284" mergedindex="cp">\labelenumiii</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="285" mergedindex="cp">\labelenumiv</indexterm></findex> <anchor name="enumerate-labelenumi">enumerate labelenumi</anchor> <anchor name="enumerate-labelenumii">enumerate labelenumii</anchor> <anchor name="enumerate-labelenumiii">enumerate labelenumiii</anchor> @@ -4463,7 +4332,7 @@ through <code>\labelenumiv</code>. For instance, this first level list will be labelled with uppercase letters, in boldface, and without a trailing period. </para> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="287" mergedindex="cp">\Alph <r>example</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="286" mergedindex="cp">\Alph <r>example</r></indexterm></findex> <example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\renewcommand{\labelenumi}{\textbf{\Alph{enumi}}} \begin{enumerate} @@ -4480,15 +4349,15 @@ period. <node name="eqnarray" spaces=" "><nodename>eqnarray</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">equation</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">enumerate</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>eqnarray</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="288" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>eqnarray</code></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="289" mergedindex="cp"><code>eqnarray</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="287" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>eqnarray</code></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="288" mergedindex="cp"><code>eqnarray</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="249">equations, aligning</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="250">aligning equations</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="242">equations, aligning</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="243">aligning equations</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="251">align <r>environment, from <code>amsmath</code></r></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="252">amsmath <r>package, replacing <code>eqnarray</code></r></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="253">Madsen, Lars</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="244">align <r>environment, from <code>amsmath</code></r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="245">amsmath <r>package, replacing <code>eqnarray</code></r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="246">Madsen, Lars</indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>eqnarray</code> environment is obsolete. It has infelicities, including spacing that is inconsistent with other mathematics elements. (See &textldquo;Avoid eqnarray!&textrdquo;&noeos; by Lars Madsen @@ -4517,7 +4386,7 @@ working with old documents. \end{eqnarray*} </pre></example> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="290" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(for <code>eqnarray</code>)</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="289" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(for <code>eqnarray</code>)</r></indexterm></findex> <para>Display a sequence of equations or inequalities. The left and right sides are typeset in display mode, while the middle is typeset in text mode. @@ -4525,18 +4394,18 @@ mode. <para>It is similar to a three-column <code>array</code> environment, with items within a row separated by an ampersand (<code>&</code>), and with rows separated by double backslash <code>\\</code>). -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="291" mergedindex="cp">\\* <r>(for <code>eqnarray</code>)</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="290" mergedindex="cp">\\* <r>(for <code>eqnarray</code>)</r></indexterm></findex> The starred form of line break (<code>\\*</code>) can also be used to separate equations, and will disallow a page break there (<pxref label="_005c_005c"><xrefnodename>\\</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="292" mergedindex="cp">\nonumber</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="254">equation numbers, omitting</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="291" mergedindex="cp">\nonumber</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="247">equation numbers, omitting</indexterm></cindex> <para>The unstarred form <code>eqnarray</code> places an equation number on every line (using the <code>equation</code> counter), unless that line contains a <code>\nonumber</code> command. The starred form <code>eqnarray*</code> omits equation numbering, while otherwise being the same. </para> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="293" mergedindex="cp">\lefteqn</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="292" mergedindex="cp">\lefteqn</indexterm></findex> <para>The command <code>\lefteqn</code> is used for splitting long formulas across lines. It typesets its argument in display style flush left in a box of zero width. @@ -4557,11 +4426,11 @@ while the third line has not entry on the left side. <node name="equation" spaces=" "><nodename>equation</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">figure</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">eqnarray</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>equation</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="294" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>equation</code></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="295" mergedindex="cp"><code>equation</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="293" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>equation</code></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="294" mergedindex="cp"><code>equation</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="255">equations, environment for</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="256">formulas, environment for</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="248">equations, environment for</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="249">formulas, environment for</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -4579,8 +4448,8 @@ The equation number is generated using the <code>equation</code> counter. <code>\begin{equation}</code>, or &latex; will tell you that there is a missing dollar sign. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="257"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="258"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="250"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="251"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>The package <file>amsmath</file> package has extensive displayed equation facilities. New documents should include this package. @@ -4590,11 +4459,11 @@ facilities. New documents should include this package. <node name="figure" spaces=" "><nodename>figure</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">filecontents</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">equation</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>figure</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="296" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>figure</code></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="297" mergedindex="cp"><code>figure</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="295" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>figure</code></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="296" mergedindex="cp"><code>figure</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="259">inserting figures</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="260">figures, inserting</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="252">inserting figures</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="253">figures, inserting</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -4640,7 +4509,7 @@ in <ref label="Floats"><xrefnodename>Floats</xrefnodename></ref>. </para> <para>The label is optional; it is used for cross references (<pxref label="Cross-references"><xrefnodename>Cross references</xrefnodename></pxref>). -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="298" mergedindex="cp">\caption</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="297" mergedindex="cp">\caption</indexterm></findex> The optional <code>\caption</code> command specifies caption text for the figure. By default it is numbered. If <var>loftitle</var> is present, it is used in the list of figures instead of <var>title</var> (<pxref label="Table-of-contents-etc_002e"><xrefnodename>Table of @@ -4665,14 +4534,14 @@ end of the document, on a page of floats. <node name="filecontents" spaces=" "><nodename>filecontents</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">flushleft</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">figure</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>filecontents</code>: Write an external file</sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="299" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>filecontents</code></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="300" mergedindex="cp"><code>filecontents</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="298" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>filecontents</code></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="299" mergedindex="cp"><code>filecontents</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="301" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>filecontents*</code></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="302" mergedindex="cp"><code>filecontents*</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="300" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>filecontents*</code></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="301" mergedindex="cp"><code>filecontents*</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="261">external files, writing</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="262">writing external files</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="254">external files, writing</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="255">writing external files</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -4737,11 +4606,11 @@ Article by \myname. <node name="flushleft" spaces=" "><nodename>flushleft</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">flushright</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">filecontents</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>flushleft</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="303" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>flushleft</code></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="304" mergedindex="cp"><code>flushleft</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="302" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>flushleft</code></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="303" mergedindex="cp"><code>flushleft</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="263">left-justifying text, environment for</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="264">ragged right text, environment for</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="256">left-justifying text, environment for</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="257">ragged right text, environment for</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -4753,7 +4622,7 @@ Article by \myname. \end{flushleft} </pre></example> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="305" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>for <code>flushleft</code></r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="304" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>for <code>flushleft</code></r></indexterm></findex> <para>An environment that creates a paragraph whose lines are flush to the left-hand margin, and ragged right. If you have lines that are too long then &latex; will linebreak them in a way that avoids hyphenation and @@ -4783,10 +4652,10 @@ flush left and ragged right. <node name="_005craggedright" spaces=" "><nodename>\raggedright</nodename><nodeup automatic="on">flushleft</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\raggedright</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="306" mergedindex="cp">\raggedright</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="265">ragged right text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="266">left-justifying text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="267">justification, ragged right</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="305" mergedindex="cp">\raggedright</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="258">ragged right text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="259">left-justifying text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="260">justification, ragged right</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopses: </para> @@ -4833,11 +4702,11 @@ delimit its effect. <node name="flushright" spaces=" "><nodename>flushright</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">itemize</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">flushleft</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>flushright</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="307" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>flushright</code></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="308" mergedindex="cp"><code>flushright</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="306" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>flushright</code></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="307" mergedindex="cp"><code>flushright</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="268">ragged left text, environment for</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="269">right-justifying text, environment for</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="261">ragged left text, environment for</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="262">right-justifying text, environment for</indexterm></cindex> <example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{flushright} @@ -4847,7 +4716,7 @@ delimit its effect. \end{flushright} </pre></example> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="309" mergedindex="cp">\\ (for <code>flushright</code>)</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="308" mergedindex="cp">\\ (for <code>flushright</code>)</indexterm></findex> <para>An environment that creates a paragraph whose lines are flush to the right-hand margin and ragged left. If you have lines that are too long to fit the margins then &latex; will linebreak them in a way that @@ -4865,10 +4734,10 @@ see <ref label="_005craggedleft"><xrefnodename>\raggedleft</xrefnodename></ <node name="_005craggedleft" spaces=" "><nodename>\raggedleft</nodename><nodeup automatic="on">flushright</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\raggedleft</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="310" mergedindex="cp">\raggedleft</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="270">ragged left text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="271">justification, ragged left</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="272">right-justifying text</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="309" mergedindex="cp">\raggedleft</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="263">ragged left text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="264">justification, ragged left</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="265">right-justifying text</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopses: </para> @@ -4904,14 +4773,14 @@ command that ends the paragraph unit. <node name="itemize" spaces=" "><nodename>itemize</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">letter</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">flushright</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>itemize</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="311" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>itemize</code></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="312" mergedindex="cp"><code>itemize</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="310" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>itemize</code></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="311" mergedindex="cp"><code>itemize</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="313" mergedindex="cp">\item</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="273">lists of items</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="274">unordered lists</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="275">bulleted lists</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="276">bullet lists</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="312" mergedindex="cp">\item</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="266">lists of items</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="267">unordered lists</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="268">bulleted lists</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="269">bullet lists</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -4940,7 +4809,7 @@ environment must have at least one <code>\item</code>; having none causes the <para>As a top-level list each label would come out as a bullet, •. The format of the labeling depends on the nesting level; see below. </para> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="314" mergedindex="cp">\item</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="313" mergedindex="cp">\item</indexterm></findex> <para>Start list items with the <code>\item</code> command (<pxref label="_005citem"><xrefnodename>\item</xrefnodename></pxref>). If you give <code>\item</code> an optional argument by following it with square brackets, as in <code>\item[Optional label]</code>, then by default it will @@ -4949,10 +4818,10 @@ margin. For labels that are flush left see the <ref label="description"><xrefno environment. Following the <code>\item</code> is optional text, which may contain multiple paragraphs. </para> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="315" mergedindex="cp">\labelitemi</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="316" mergedindex="cp">\labelitemii</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="317" mergedindex="cp">\labelitemiii</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="318" mergedindex="cp">\labelitemiv</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="314" mergedindex="cp">\labelitemi</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="315" mergedindex="cp">\labelitemii</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="316" mergedindex="cp">\labelitemiii</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="317" mergedindex="cp">\labelitemiv</indexterm></findex> <anchor name="itemize-labelitemi">itemize labelitemi</anchor> <anchor name="itemize-labelitemii">itemize labelitemii</anchor> <anchor name="itemize-labelitemiii">itemize labelitemiii</anchor> @@ -4979,13 +4848,13 @@ the first level use diamonds. <pre xml:space="preserve">\renewcommand{\labelitemi}{$\diamond$} </pre></example> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="319" mergedindex="cp">\leftmargin</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="320" mergedindex="cp">\leftmargini</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="321" mergedindex="cp">\leftmarginii</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="322" mergedindex="cp">\leftmarginiii</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="323" mergedindex="cp">\leftmarginiv</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="324" mergedindex="cp">\leftmarginv</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="325" mergedindex="cp">\leftmarginvi</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="318" mergedindex="cp">\leftmargin</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="319" mergedindex="cp">\leftmargini</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="320" mergedindex="cp">\leftmarginii</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="321" mergedindex="cp">\leftmarginiii</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="322" mergedindex="cp">\leftmarginiv</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="323" mergedindex="cp">\leftmarginv</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="324" mergedindex="cp">\leftmarginvi</indexterm></findex> <anchor name="itemize-leftmargin">itemize leftmargin</anchor> <anchor name="itemize-leftmargini">itemize leftmargini</anchor> <anchor name="itemize-leftmarginii">itemize leftmarginii</anchor> @@ -5015,7 +4884,7 @@ lists. <pre xml:space="preserve">\setlength{\leftmargini}{1.25em} % default 2.5em </pre></example> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="326" mergedindex="cp">\parskip <r>example</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="325" mergedindex="cp">\parskip <r>example</r></indexterm></findex> <para>Especially for lists with short items, it may be desirable to elide space between items. Here is an example defining an <code>itemize*</code> environment with no extra spacing between items, or between paragraphs @@ -5036,8 +4905,8 @@ within a single item (<code>\parskip</code> is not list-specific, <node name="letter" spaces=" "><nodename>letter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">list</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">itemize</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>letter</code> environment: writing letters</sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="327" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>letter</code></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="328" mergedindex="cp"><code>letter</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="326" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>letter</code></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="327" mergedindex="cp"><code>letter</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> <para>This environment is used for creating letters. <xref label="Letters"><xrefnodename>Letters</xrefnodename></xref>. @@ -5047,10 +4916,10 @@ within a single item (<code>\parskip</code> is not list-specific, <node name="list" spaces=" "><nodename>list</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">math</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">letter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>list</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="329" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>list</code></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="330" mergedindex="cp"><code>list</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="328" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>list</code></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="329" mergedindex="cp"><code>list</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="277">lists of items, generic</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="270">lists of items, generic</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -5113,7 +4982,7 @@ counter will be reset to zero each time &latex; enters the environment, and the counter is incremented by one each time &latex; encounters an <code>\item</code> that does not have an optional argument. </para> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="331" mergedindex="cp">\makelabel</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="330" mergedindex="cp">\makelabel</indexterm></findex> <anchor name="list-makelabel">list makelabel</anchor> <para>Another command that can go in <var>spacing</var> is <code>\makelabel</code>, which constructs the label box. By default it puts the contents flush right. Its only argument is the label, which it @@ -5139,12 +5008,12 @@ command such as <code>\setlength{itemsep}{2pt plus1pt minus For some effects these lengths should be zero or negative. </para> <ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> -<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="332" mergedindex="cp">\itemindent</indexterm>\itemindent</itemformat></item> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="331" mergedindex="cp">\itemindent</indexterm>\itemindent</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="list-itemindent">list itemindent</anchor> <para>Extra horizontal space indentation, beyond <code>leftmargin</code>, of the first line each item. Its default value is <code>0pt</code>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="333" mergedindex="cp">\itemsep</indexterm>\itemsep</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="332" mergedindex="cp">\itemsep</indexterm>\itemsep</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="list-itemsep">list itemsep</anchor> <para>Vertical space between items, beyond the <code>\parsep</code>. The defaults for the first three levels in &latex;&textrsquo;s <samp>article</samp>, <samp>book</samp>, @@ -5157,13 +5026,13 @@ plus1pt minus1pt</code>). The defaults at 12 point are: <code>5pt plus2.5pt minus1pt</code>, <code>\parsep</code> (that is, <code>2.5pt plus1pt minus1pt</code>), and <code>\topsep</code> (that is, <code>2.5pt plus1pt minus1pt</code>). </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="334" mergedindex="cp">\labelsep</indexterm>\labelsep</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="333" mergedindex="cp">\labelsep</indexterm>\labelsep</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="list-labelsep">list labelsep</anchor> <para>Horizontal space between the label and text of an item. The default for &latex;&textrsquo;s <samp>article</samp>, <samp>book</samp>, and <samp>report</samp> classes is <code>0.5em</code>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="335" mergedindex="cp">\labelwidth</indexterm>\labelwidth</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="334" mergedindex="cp">\labelwidth</indexterm>\labelwidth</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="list-labelwidth">list labelwidth</anchor> <para>Horizontal width. The box containing the label is nominally this wide. If <code>\makelabel</code> returns text that is wider than this then the first @@ -5185,7 +5054,7 @@ mode and <code>1.5em</code> in two column mode). At the second level it is label&textrsquo;s left edge coincide with the left margin of the enclosing environment. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="336" mergedindex="cp">\leftmargin</indexterm>\leftmargin</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="335" mergedindex="cp">\leftmargin</indexterm>\leftmargin</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="list-leftmargin">list leftmargin</anchor> <para>Horizontal space between the left margin of the enclosing environment (or the left margin of the page if this is a top-level list), and the @@ -5203,14 +5072,14 @@ error message <samp>Too deeply nested</samp>.) <code>2.5em</code> (in two column mode, <code>2em</code>), <code>\leftmarginii</code> is <code>2.2em</code>, and <code>\leftmarginiii</code> is <code>1.87em</code>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="337" mergedindex="cp">\listparindent</indexterm>\listparindent</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="336" mergedindex="cp">\listparindent</indexterm>\listparindent</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="list-listparindent">list listparindent</anchor> <para>Horizontal space of additional line indentation, beyond <code>\leftmargin</code>, for second and subsequent paragraphs within a list item. A negative value makes this an &textldquo;outdent&textrdquo;. Its default value is <code>0pt</code>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="338" mergedindex="cp">\parsep</indexterm>\parsep</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="337" mergedindex="cp">\parsep</indexterm>\parsep</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="list-parsep">list parsep</anchor> <para>Vertical space between paragraphs within an item. In the <samp>book</samp> and <samp>article</samp> classes The defaults for the first three levels in @@ -5221,7 +5090,7 @@ minus1pt</code>, and <code>0pt</code>. The defaults at 11 point size are: <code>0pt</code>. The defaults at 12 point size are: <code>5pt plus2.5pt minus1pt</code>, <code>2.5pt plus1pt minus1pt</code>, and <code>0pt</code>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="339" mergedindex="cp">\partopsep</indexterm>\partopsep</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="338" mergedindex="cp">\partopsep</indexterm>\partopsep</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="list-partopsep">list partopsep</anchor> <para>Vertical space added, beyond <code>\topsep</code>+<code>\parskip</code>, to the top and bottom of the entire environment if the list instance is preceded by @@ -5237,13 +5106,13 @@ minus1pt</code>. The defaults at 11 point are: <code>3pt plus1pt minus1pt</code defaults at 12 point are: <code>3pt plus2pt minus3pt</code>, <code>3pt plus2pt minus2pt</code>, and <code>1pt plus0pt minus1pt</code>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="340" mergedindex="cp">\rightmargin</indexterm>\rightmargin</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="339" mergedindex="cp">\rightmargin</indexterm>\rightmargin</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="list-rightmargin">list rightmargin</anchor> <para>Horizontal space between the right margin of the list and the right margin of the enclosing environment. Its default value is <code>0pt</code>. It must be non-negative. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="341" mergedindex="cp">\topsep</indexterm>\topsep</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="340" mergedindex="cp">\topsep</indexterm>\topsep</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="list-topsep">list topsep</anchor> <para>Vertical space added to both the top and bottom of the list, in addition to <code>\parskip</code> (<pxref label="_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip"><xrefnodename>\parindent & \parskip</xrefnodename></pxref>). The defaults for @@ -5322,22 +5191,22 @@ e.g., <code>\&arobase;beginparpenalty=9999</code>; a value of 10000 prohibits a page break. </para> <ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> -<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="342" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;beginparpenalty</indexterm>\&arobase;beginparpenalty</itemformat></item> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="341" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;beginparpenalty</indexterm>\&arobase;beginparpenalty</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="list-beginparpenalty">list beginparpenalty</anchor> <para>The page breaking penalty for breaking before the list (default <code>-51</code>). </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="343" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;itempenalty</indexterm>\&arobase;itempenalty</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="342" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;itempenalty</indexterm>\&arobase;itempenalty</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="list-itempenalty">list itempenalty</anchor> <para>The page breaking penalty for breaking before a list item (default <code>-51</code>). </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="344" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;endparpenalty</indexterm>\&arobase;endparpenalty</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="343" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;endparpenalty</indexterm>\&arobase;endparpenalty</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="list-endparpenalty">list endparpenalty</anchor> <para>The page breaking penalty for breaking after a list (default <code>-51</code>). </para> </tableitem></tableentry></ftable> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="278"><r>package</r>, <code>enumitem</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="279"><code>enumitem</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="271"><r>package</r>, <code>enumitem</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="272"><code>enumitem</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>The package <code>enumitem</code> is useful for customizing lists. </para> @@ -5390,7 +5259,7 @@ depends on the list type. </para> <para>Because the optional label is surrounded by square brackets <samp>[...]</samp>, if you have an item whose text starts with <samp>[</samp>, you -have to to hide the bracket inside curly braces, as in: <code>\item +have to hide the bracket inside curly braces, as in: <code>\item {[} is an open square bracket</code>; otherwise, &latex; will think it marks the start of an optional label. </para> @@ -5469,10 +5338,10 @@ default) they have no paragraph indent and are vertically separated. <node name="math" spaces=" "><nodename>math</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">minipage</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">list</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>math</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="345" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>math</code></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="346" mergedindex="cp"><code>math</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="344" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>math</code></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="345" mergedindex="cp"><code>math</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="280">in-line formulas</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="273">in-line formulas</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -5491,10 +5360,10 @@ the running text. <code>\(...\)</code> and <code>$...$</code> are synonyms. <node name="minipage" spaces=" "><nodename>minipage</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">picture</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">math</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>minipage</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="347" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>minipage</code></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="348" mergedindex="cp"><code>minipage</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="346" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>minipage</code></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="347" mergedindex="cp"><code>minipage</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="281">minipage, creating a</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="274">minipage, creating a</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopses: </para> @@ -5600,7 +5469,7 @@ stretchable space. </para> </tableitem></tableentry></table> -<para>The <var>inner-pos</var> argument makes sense when the <var>height</var> options +<para>The <var>inner-pos</var> argument makes sense when the <var>height</var> option is set to a value larger than the <code>minipage</code>&textrsquo;s natural height. To see the effect of the options, run this example with the various choices in place of <code>b</code>. @@ -5615,15 +5484,15 @@ in place of <code>b</code>. Text after </pre></example> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="282">indentation of paragraphs, in minipage</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="283">paragraph indentation, in minipage</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="349" mergedindex="cp">\parindent</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="275">indentation of paragraphs, in minipage</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="276">paragraph indentation, in minipage</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="348" mergedindex="cp">\parindent</indexterm></findex> <para>By default paragraphs are not indented in a <code>minipage</code>. Change that with a command such as <code>\setlength{\parindent}{1pc}</code> at the start of <var>contents</var>. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="284">footnotes in figures</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="285">figures, footnotes in</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="277">footnotes in figures</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="278">figures, footnotes in</indexterm></cindex> <para>Footnotes in a <code>minipage</code> environment are handled in a way that is particularly useful for putting footnotes in figures or tables. A <code>\footnote</code> or <code>\footnotetext</code> command puts the footnote at @@ -5680,11 +5549,11 @@ are vertically centered. <node name="picture" spaces=" "><nodename>picture</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">quotation & quote</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">minipage</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>picture</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="350" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>picture</code></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="351" mergedindex="cp"><code>picture</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="349" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>picture</code></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="350" mergedindex="cp"><code>picture</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="286">creating pictures</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="287">pictures, creating</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="279">creating pictures</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="280">pictures, creating</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopses: </para><example endspaces=" "> @@ -5710,7 +5579,7 @@ or <code>Asymptote</code>. These are not covered in this document; see CTAN. </para> <para>This shows the parallelogram law for adding vectors. </para> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="352" mergedindex="cp">\unitlength</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="351" mergedindex="cp">\unitlength</indexterm></findex> <example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\setlength{\unitlength}{1cm} \begin{picture}(6,6) % picture box will be 6cm wide by 6cm tall @@ -5774,7 +5643,7 @@ the origin at the lower-left corner. If you then want to modify your picture by shifting everything, you can just add the appropriate optional argument. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="288">position, in picture</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="281">position, in picture</indexterm></cindex> <para>Each <var>picture command</var> tells &latex; where to put something by naming its position. A <dfn>position</dfn> is a pair such as <code>(2.4,-5)</code> giving the x- and y-coordinates. A <dfn>coordinate</dfn> is a not a length, @@ -5807,7 +5676,7 @@ often used is <code>\put</code>. This <para>places the object with its reference point at coordinates <math>(11.3,-0.3)</math>. The reference points for various objects will be described below. -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="353" mergedindex="cp">LR box</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="352" mergedindex="cp">LR box</indexterm></findex> The <code>\put</code> command creates an <dfn>LR box</dfn> (<pxref label="Modes"><xrefnodename>Modes</xrefnodename></pxref>). Anything that can go in an <code>\mbox</code> (<pxref label="_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox"><xrefnodename>\mbox & \makebox</xrefnodename></pxref>) can go in the text argument of the <code>\put</code> command. The reference point @@ -5870,7 +5739,7 @@ that curve. <node name="_005cput" spaces=" "><nodename>\put</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\multiput</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\put</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="354" mergedindex="cp">\put</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="353" mergedindex="cp">\put</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -5897,7 +5766,7 @@ text, at the bottom left of the <samp>A</samp>. <node name="_005cmultiput" spaces=" "><nodename>\multiput</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\qbezier</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\put</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\multiput</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="355" mergedindex="cp">\multiput</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="354" mergedindex="cp">\multiput</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -5928,7 +5797,7 @@ text, at the bottom left of the <samp>A</samp>. <node name="_005cqbezier" spaces=" "><nodename>\qbezier</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\graphpaper</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\multiput</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\qbezier</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="356" mergedindex="cp">\qbezier</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="355" mergedindex="cp">\qbezier</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -5964,7 +5833,7 @@ maximum number of points is <code>\qbeziermax</code> (change this value with <node name="_005cgraphpaper" spaces=" "><nodename>\graphpaper</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\line</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\qbezier</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\graphpaper</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="357" mergedindex="cp">\graphpaper</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="356" mergedindex="cp">\graphpaper</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> <example endspaces=" "> @@ -5996,7 +5865,7 @@ All arguments must be positive integers. <node name="_005cline" spaces=" "><nodename>\line</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\linethickness</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\graphpaper</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\line</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="358" mergedindex="cp">\line</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="357" mergedindex="cp">\line</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -6036,22 +5905,22 @@ then the line&textrsquo;s ending point has a second coordinate that is less than <para>If <var>travel</var> is negative then you get <code>LaTeX Error: Bad \line or \vector argument.</code> </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="289"><code>pict2e</code> package</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="290">graphics packages</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="291"><r>package</r>, <code>pict2e</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="292"><code>pict2e</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="282"><code>pict2e</code> package</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="283">graphics packages</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="284"><r>package</r>, <code>pict2e</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="285"><code>pict2e</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="293"><r>package</r>, <code>TikZ</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="294"><code>TikZ</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="286"><r>package</r>, <code>TikZ</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="287"><code>TikZ</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="295"><r>package</r>, <code>PSTricks</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="296"><code>PSTricks</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="288"><r>package</r>, <code>PSTricks</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="289"><code>PSTricks</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="297"><r>package</r>, <code>MetaPost</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="298"><code>MetaPost</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="290"><r>package</r>, <code>MetaPost</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="291"><code>MetaPost</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="299"><r>package</r>, <code>Asymptote</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="300"><code>Asymptote</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="292"><r>package</r>, <code>Asymptote</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="293"><code>Asymptote</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>Standard &latex; can only draw lines with a limited range of slopes because these lines are made by putting together line segments from @@ -6070,7 +5939,7 @@ is to use a full-featured graphics system such as <file>TikZ</file>, or <node name="_005clinethickness" spaces=" "><nodename>\linethickness</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\thinlines</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\line</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\linethickness</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="359" mergedindex="cp">\linethickness</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="358" mergedindex="cp">\linethickness</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -6089,7 +5958,7 @@ lines, circles, or ovals. <node name="_005cthinlines" spaces=" "><nodename>\thinlines</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\thicklines</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\linethickness</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\thinlines</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="360" mergedindex="cp">\thinlines</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="359" mergedindex="cp">\thinlines</indexterm></findex> <para>Declaration to set the thickness of subsequent lines, circles, and ovals in a picture environment to be 0.4<dmn>pt</dmn>. This is the default @@ -6101,7 +5970,7 @@ changed with either <ref label="_005clinethickness"><xrefnodename>\linethickness <node name="_005cthicklines" spaces=" "><nodename>\thicklines</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\circle</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\thinlines</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\thicklines</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="361" mergedindex="cp">\thicklines</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="360" mergedindex="cp">\thicklines</indexterm></findex> <para>Declaration to set the thickness of subsequent lines, circles, and ovals in a picture environment to be 0.8<dmn>pt</dmn>. See also @@ -6113,7 +5982,7 @@ in the Trapezoidal Rule example of <ref label="picture"><xrefnodename>picture</x <node name="_005ccircle" spaces=" "><nodename>\circle</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\oval</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\thicklines</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\circle</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="362" mergedindex="cp">\circle</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="361" mergedindex="cp">\circle</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -6140,7 +6009,7 @@ integers from 1 to 15. <node name="_005coval" spaces=" "><nodename>\oval</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\shortstack</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\circle</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\oval</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="363" mergedindex="cp">\oval</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="362" mergedindex="cp">\oval</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -6187,7 +6056,7 @@ boxes with a small amount of corner rounding. <node name="_005cshortstack" spaces=" "><nodename>\shortstack</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\vector</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\oval</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\shortstack</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="364" mergedindex="cp">\shortstack</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="363" mergedindex="cp">\shortstack</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -6222,7 +6091,7 @@ the left of the <math>y</math> axis. </tableterm><tableitem><para>Center objects (default) </para></tableitem></tableentry></table> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="365" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(for <code>\shortstack</code> objects)</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="364" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(for <code>\shortstack</code> objects)</r></indexterm></findex> <para>Separate objects into lines with <code>\\</code>. These stacks are short in that, unlike in a <code>tabular</code> or <code>array</code> environment, here the rows are not spaced out to be of even heights. Thus, in @@ -6241,7 +6110,7 @@ argument <code>\shortstack{X\\[2pt] o\\o\\X}</code>. <node name="_005cvector" spaces=" "><nodename>\vector</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\makebox (picture)</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\shortstack</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\vector</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="366" mergedindex="cp">\vector</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="365" mergedindex="cp">\vector</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -6270,7 +6139,7 @@ not (if you use the latter then you get a sequence of arrowheads). <node name="_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029" spaces=" "><nodename>\makebox (picture)</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\framebox (picture)</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\vector</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\makebox</code> (picture)</sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="367" mergedindex="cp">\makebox <r>(for <code>picture</code>)</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="366" mergedindex="cp">\makebox <r>(for <code>picture</code>)</r></indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -6319,7 +6188,7 @@ two of these letters. <node name="_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029" spaces=" "><nodename>\framebox (picture)</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\frame</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\makebox (picture)</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\framebox</code> (picture)</sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="368" mergedindex="cp">\framebox</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="367" mergedindex="cp">\framebox</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -6351,8 +6220,8 @@ the text in the center. <var>text</var>; see <ref label="_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029"><xrefnodename>\makebox (picture)</xrefnodename></ref> for the values that it can take. </para> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="369" mergedindex="cp">\fboxrule</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="370" mergedindex="cp">\fboxsep</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="368" mergedindex="cp">\fboxrule</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="369" mergedindex="cp">\fboxsep</indexterm></findex> <para>The rule has thickness <code>\fboxrule</code> and there is a blank space <code>\fboxsep</code> between the frame and the contents of the box. </para> @@ -6366,7 +6235,7 @@ determined in some other way then either use <code>\fbox</code> (<pxref label="_ <node name="_005cframe" spaces=" "><nodename>\frame</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\dashbox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\framebox (picture)</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\frame</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="371" mergedindex="cp">\frame</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="370" mergedindex="cp">\frame</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -6384,7 +6253,7 @@ between the frame and the object. It is fragile (<pxref label="_005cprotect"><x <node name="_005cdashbox" spaces=" "><nodename>\dashbox</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\frame</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\dashbox</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="372" mergedindex="cp">\dashbox</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="371" mergedindex="cp">\dashbox</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -6425,18 +6294,18 @@ take. <node name="quotation-_0026-quote" spaces=" "><nodename>quotation & quote</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">tabbing</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">picture</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>quotation</code> & <code>quote</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="373" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>quotation</code></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="374" mergedindex="cp"><code>quotation</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="372" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>quotation</code></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="373" mergedindex="cp"><code>quotation</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="301">quoted text with paragraph indentation, displaying</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="302">displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="303">paragraph indentations in quoted text</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="375" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>quote</code></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="376" mergedindex="cp"><code>quote</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="294">quoted text with paragraph indentation, displaying</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="295">displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="296">paragraph indentations in quoted text</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="374" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>quote</code></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="375" mergedindex="cp"><code>quote</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="304">quoted text without paragraph indentation, displaying</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="305">displaying quoted text without paragraph indentation</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="306">paragraph indentations in quoted text, omitting</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="297">quoted text without paragraph indentation, displaying</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="298">displaying quoted text without paragraph indentation</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="299">paragraph indentations in quoted text, omitting</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -6477,12 +6346,12 @@ between paragraphs (it is the rubber length <code>\parsep</code>). <node name="tabbing" spaces=" "><nodename>tabbing</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">table</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">quotation & quote</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>tabbing</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="377" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>tabbing</code></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="378" mergedindex="cp"><code>tabbing</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="376" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>tabbing</code></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="377" mergedindex="cp"><code>tabbing</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="307">tab stops, using</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="308">lining text up using tab stops</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="309">alignment via tabbing</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="300">tab stops, using</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="301">lining text up using tab stops</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="302">alignment via tabbing</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -6530,7 +6399,7 @@ of a tabbed row. The right margin of the <code>tabbing</code> environment is the end of line, so that the width of the environment is <code>\linewidth</code>. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="310">row, <r>tabbing</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="303">row, <r>tabbing</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>tabbing</code> environment contains a sequence of <dfn>tabbed rows</dfn>. The first tabbed row begins immediately after <code>\begin{tabbing}</code> and each row ends with <code>\\</code> or @@ -6554,37 +6423,37 @@ done in LR mode (<pxref label="Modes"><xrefnodename>Modes</xrefnodename></pxref> They are all fragile (<pxref label="_005cprotect"><xrefnodename>\protect</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> <ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> -<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="379" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\\ <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="378" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\\ <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>End a tabbed line and typeset it. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="380" mergedindex="cp">\= <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\= <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="379" mergedindex="cp">\= <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\= <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Sets a tab stop at the current position. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="381" mergedindex="cp">\> <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\> <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="382" mergedindex="cp">\></indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="380" mergedindex="cp">\> <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\> <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="381" mergedindex="cp">\></indexterm></findex> <para>Advances to the next tab stop. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="383" mergedindex="cp">\<</indexterm>\<</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="382" mergedindex="cp">\<</indexterm>\<</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Put following text to the left of the local margin (without changing the margin). Can only be used at the start of the line. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="384" mergedindex="cp">\+</indexterm>\+</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="383" mergedindex="cp">\+</indexterm>\+</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Moves the left margin of the next and all the following commands one tab stop to the right, beginning tabbed line if necessary. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="385" mergedindex="cp">\-</indexterm>\-</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="384" mergedindex="cp">\-</indexterm>\-</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Moves the left margin of the next and all the following commands one tab stop to the left, beginning tabbed line if necessary. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="386" mergedindex="cp">\' <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\' <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="385" mergedindex="cp">\' <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\' <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Moves everything that you have typed so far in the current column, i.e., everything from the most recent <code>\></code>, <code>\<</code>, <code>\'</code>, <code>\\</code>, or <code>\kill</code> command, to the previous column and aligned to the right, flush against the current column&textrsquo;s tab stop. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="387" mergedindex="cp">\` <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\` <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="386" mergedindex="cp">\` <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\` <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Allows you to put text flush right against any tab stop, including tab stop 0. However, it can&textrsquo;t move text to the right of the last column because there&textrsquo;s no tab stop there. The <code>\`</code> command moves @@ -6594,29 +6463,29 @@ of the <code>tabbing</code> environment. There must be no <code>\></code> or <code>\'</code> command between the <code>\`</code> and the <code>\\</code> or <code>\end{tabbing}</code> command that ends the line. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="388" mergedindex="cp">\a <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\a <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="389" mergedindex="cp">\a' <r>(acute accent in tabbing)</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="390" mergedindex="cp">\a` <r>(grave accent in tabbing)</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="391" mergedindex="cp">\a= <r>(macron accent in tabbing)</r></indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="387" mergedindex="cp">\a <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\a <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="388" mergedindex="cp">\a' <r>(acute accent in tabbing)</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="389" mergedindex="cp">\a` <r>(grave accent in tabbing)</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="390" mergedindex="cp">\a= <r>(macron accent in tabbing)</r></indexterm></findex> <para>In a <code>tabbing</code> environment, the commands <code>\=</code>, <code>\'</code> and <code>\`</code> do not produce accents as usual (<pxref label="Accents"><xrefnodename>Accents</xrefnodename></pxref>). Instead, use the commands <code>\a=</code>, <code>\a'</code> and <code>\a`</code>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="392" mergedindex="cp">\kill</indexterm>\kill</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="391" mergedindex="cp">\kill</indexterm>\kill</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Sets tab stops without producing text. Works just like <code>\\</code> except that it throws away the current line instead of producing output for it. Any <code>\=</code>, <code>\+</code> or <code>\-</code> commands in that line remain in effect. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="393" mergedindex="cp">\poptabs</indexterm>\poptabs</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="394" mergedindex="cp">\poptabs</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="392" mergedindex="cp">\poptabs</indexterm>\poptabs</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="393" mergedindex="cp">\poptabs</indexterm></findex> <para>Restores the tab stop positions saved by the last <code>\pushtabs</code>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="395" mergedindex="cp">\pushtabs</indexterm>\pushtabs</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="394" mergedindex="cp">\pushtabs</indexterm>\pushtabs</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Saves all current tab stop positions. Useful for temporarily changing tab stop positions in the middle of a <code>tabbing</code> environment. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="396" mergedindex="cp">\tabbingsep</indexterm>\tabbingsep</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="395" mergedindex="cp">\tabbingsep</indexterm>\tabbingsep</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Distance of the text moved by <code>\'</code> to left of current tab stop. </para> </tableitem></tableentry></ftable> @@ -6648,15 +6517,15 @@ function \= fact(n : integer) : integer;\\ end; </pre></example> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="311"><r>package</r>, <code>algorithm2e</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="312"><code>algorithm2e</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> - <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="313"><r>package</r>, <code>listings</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="314"><code>listings</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> - <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="315"><r>package</r>, <code>minted</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="316"><code>minted</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="304"><r>package</r>, <code>algorithm2e</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="305"><code>algorithm2e</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> + <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="306"><r>package</r>, <code>listings</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="307"><code>listings</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> + <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="308"><r>package</r>, <code>minted</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="309"><code>minted</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="317"><r>package</r>, <code>fancyvrb</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="318"><code>fancyvrb</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="310"><r>package</r>, <code>fancyvrb</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="311"><code>fancyvrb</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <noindent></noindent> <para>This example is just for illustration of the environment. To actually @@ -6670,11 +6539,11 @@ there are quite a few packages, including <code>algorithm2e</code>, <node name="table" spaces=" "><nodename>table</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">tabular</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">tabbing</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>table</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="397" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>table</code></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="398" mergedindex="cp"><code>table</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="396" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>table</code></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="397" mergedindex="cp"><code>table</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="319">tables, creating</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="320">creating tables</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="312">tables, creating</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="313">creating tables</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -6719,7 +6588,7 @@ It can contain text, commands, graphics, etc. </para> <para>The label is optional; it is used for cross references (<pxref label="Cross-references"><xrefnodename>Cross references</xrefnodename></pxref>). -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="399" mergedindex="cp">\caption</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="398" mergedindex="cp">\caption</indexterm></findex> The <code>\caption</code> command is also optional. It specifies caption text for the table. By default it is numbered. If its optional <var>lottitle</var> is present then that text is used in the list of tables @@ -6746,11 +6615,11 @@ unless it is pushed to a float page at the end. <node name="tabular" spaces=" "><nodename>tabular</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">thebibliography</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">table</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>tabular</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="400" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>tabular</code></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="401" mergedindex="cp"><code>tabular</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="399" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>tabular</code></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="400" mergedindex="cp"><code>tabular</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="321">lines in tables</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="322">lining text up in tables</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="314">lines in tables</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="315">lining text up in tables</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -6788,14 +6657,14 @@ illustrates many of the features. <para>The output will have two left-aligned columns with a vertical bar between them. This is specified in <code>tabular</code>&textrsquo;s argument <code>{l|l}</code>. -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="402" mergedindex="cp">&</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="401" mergedindex="cp">&</indexterm></findex> Put the entries into different columns by separating them with an ampersand, <code>&</code>. The end of each row is marked with a double backslash, <code>\\</code>. Put a horizontal rule below a row, after a double backslash, with <code>\hline</code>. -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="403" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>for <code>tabular</code></r></indexterm></findex> -This <code>\\</code> is optional after the last row unless an <code>\hline</code> -command follows, to put a rule below the table. +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="402" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>for <code>tabular</code></r></indexterm></findex> +After the last row the <code>\\</code> is optional, unless an <code>\hline</code> +command follows to put a rule below the table. </para> <para>The required and optional arguments to <code>tabular</code> consist of: </para> @@ -6848,9 +6717,9 @@ there. not insert <code>\tabcolsep</code> so you must insert any desired space yourself, as in <code>&arobase;{\hspace{1em}}</code>. </para> -<para>An empty expression <code>&arobase;{}</code> will eliminate the space. In -particular, sometimes you want to eliminate the the space before the -first column or after the last one, as in the example below where the +<para>An empty expression <code>&arobase;{}</code> will eliminate the space. In +particular, sometimes you want to eliminate the space before the first +column or after the last one, as in the example below where the tabular lines need to lie on the left margin. </para> <example endspaces=" "> @@ -6871,7 +6740,7 @@ arranged so the numbers in the table are aligned on it. \end{tabular} </pre></example> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="404" mergedindex="cp">\extracolsep</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="403" mergedindex="cp">\extracolsep</indexterm></findex> <para>An <code>\extracolsep{<var>wd</var>}</code> command in an &arobase;-expression causes an extra space of width <var>wd</var> to appear to the left of all subsequent columns, until countermanded by another <code>\extracolsep</code>. Unlike @@ -6930,25 +6799,25 @@ are likely to get the <code>Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in alignment <!-- c xx defaults, own node (xref from array)? --> </para> <ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> -<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="405" mergedindex="cp">\arrayrulewidth</indexterm>\arrayrulewidth</itemformat></item> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="404" mergedindex="cp">\arrayrulewidth</indexterm>\arrayrulewidth</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="tabular-arrayrulewidth">tabular arrayrulewidth</anchor> <para>A length that is the thickness of the rule created by <code>|</code>, <code>\hline</code>, and <code>\vline</code> in the <code>tabular</code> and <code>array</code> environments. The default is <samp>.4pt</samp>. Change it as in <code>\setlength{\arrayrulewidth}{0.8pt}</code>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="406" mergedindex="cp">\arraystretch</indexterm>\arraystretch</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="405" mergedindex="cp">\arraystretch</indexterm>\arraystretch</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="tabular-arraystrech">tabular arraystrech</anchor> <para>A factor by which the spacing between rows in the <code>tabular</code> and <code>array</code> environments is multiplied. The default is <samp>1</samp>, for no scaling. Change it as <code>\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2}</code>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="407" mergedindex="cp">\doublerulesep</indexterm>\doublerulesep</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="406" mergedindex="cp">\doublerulesep</indexterm>\doublerulesep</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="tabular-doublerulesep">tabular doublerulesep</anchor> <para>A length that is the distance between the vertical rules produced by the <code>||</code> specifier. The default is <samp>2pt</samp>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="408" mergedindex="cp">\tabcolsep</indexterm>\tabcolsep</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="407" mergedindex="cp">\tabcolsep</indexterm>\tabcolsep</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="tabular-tabcolsep">tabular tabcolsep</anchor> <para>A length that is half of the space between columns. The default is <samp>6pt</samp>. Change it with <code>\setlength</code>. @@ -6970,7 +6839,7 @@ lines: <node name="_005cmulticolumn" spaces=" "><nodename>\multicolumn</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\vline</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">tabular</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\multicolumn</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="409" mergedindex="cp">\multicolumn</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="408" mergedindex="cp">\multicolumn</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -7060,17 +6929,17 @@ range en-dash. </pre></example> <noindent></noindent> -<para>Note that although the <code>tabular</code> specification by default puts a -vertical rule between the first and second columns, because there is no -vertical bar in the <var>cols</var> of either of the first row&textrsquo;s -<code>\multicolumn</code> commands, no rule appears in the first row. +<para>Although the <code>tabular</code> specification by default puts a vertical +rule between the first and second columns, no such vertical rule appears +in the first row here. That&textrsquo;s because there is no vertical bar in the +<var>cols</var> part of the first row&textrsquo;s first <code>\multicolumn</code> command. </para> </subsection> <node name="_005cvline" spaces=" "><nodename>\vline</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\cline</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\multicolumn</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">tabular</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\vline</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="410" mergedindex="cp">\vline</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="409" mergedindex="cp">\vline</indexterm></findex> <para>Draw a vertical line in a <code>tabular</code> or <code>array</code> environment extending the full height and depth of an entry&textrsquo;s row. Can also be used in an &arobase;-expression, although its synonym vertical @@ -7103,7 +6972,7 @@ the vertical line in that entry appears immediately next to the <node name="_005ccline" spaces=" "><nodename>\cline</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\hline</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\vline</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">tabular</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\cline</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="411" mergedindex="cp">\cline</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="410" mergedindex="cp">\cline</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -7133,7 +7002,7 @@ height. <node name="_005chline" spaces=" "><nodename>\hline</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\cline</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">tabular</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\hline</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="412" mergedindex="cp">\hline</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="411" mergedindex="cp">\hline</indexterm></findex> <para>Draw a horizontal line the width of the enclosing <code>tabular</code> or <code>array</code> environment. It&textrsquo;s most commonly used to draw a line at the @@ -7158,10 +7027,10 @@ is required. <node name="thebibliography" spaces=" "><nodename>thebibliography</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">theorem</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">tabular</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>thebibliography</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="413" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>thebibliography</code></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="414" mergedindex="cp"><code>thebibliography</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="412" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>thebibliography</code></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="413" mergedindex="cp"><code>thebibliography</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="323">bibliography, creating (manually)</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="316">bibliography, creating (manually)</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -7216,8 +7085,8 @@ title is in macro <code>\refname</code>. Change it by redefining the command, as with <code>\renewcommand{\refname}{Cited references}</code> after <code>\begin{document}</code>. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="324"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="325"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="317"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="318"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>Language support packages such as <file>babel</file> will automatically redefine <code>\refname</code> or <code>\bibname</code> to fit the selected @@ -7234,7 +7103,7 @@ language. <node name="_005cbibitem" spaces=" "><nodename>\bibitem</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\cite</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">thebibliography</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\bibitem</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="415" mergedindex="cp">\bibitem</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="414" mergedindex="cp">\bibitem</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -7251,7 +7120,7 @@ language. <para>Generate an entry labeled by <var>label</var>. The default is for &latex; to generates a number using the <code>enumi</code> counter. The <dfn>citation key</dfn> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="326">citation key</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="319">citation key</indexterm></cindex> <var>cite_key</var> is a string of letters, numbers, and punctuation symbols (but not comma). </para> @@ -7308,7 +7177,7 @@ recompiling. <node name="_005ccite" spaces=" "><nodename>\cite</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\nocite</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\bibitem</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">thebibliography</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\cite</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="416" mergedindex="cp">\cite</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="415" mergedindex="cp">\cite</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -7341,12 +7210,21 @@ comma-separated list of citation keys (<pxref label="_005cbibitem"><xrefnodename </pre></example> <noindent></noindent> -<para>produces the output <samp>... source is [1]</samp>. +<para>produces output like <samp>... source is [1]</samp>. (You can change the +appearance of the citation with bibliography styles. More is in +<ref label="Using-BibTeX"><xrefnodename>Using BibTeX</xrefnodename></ref>.) </para> <para>The optional argument <var>subcite</var> is appended to the citation. For example, <code>See 14.3 in \cite[p.~314]{texbook}</code> might produce <samp>See 14.3 in [1, p. 314]</samp>. </para> +<para>In addition to what appears in the output, <code>\cite</code> writes +information to the auxiliary file <file><var>filename</var>.aux</file>. For +instance, <code>\cite{latexdps}</code> writes <samp>\citation{latexdps}</samp> +to that file. This information is used by Bib&tex; to include in your +reference list only those works that you have actually cited; see +<ref label="_005cnocite"><xrefnodename>\nocite</xrefnodename></ref> also. +</para> <para>If <var>keys</var> is not in your bibliography information then you get <samp>LaTeX Warning: There were undefined references</samp>, and in the output the citation shows as a boldface question mark between square brackets. @@ -7354,21 +7232,14 @@ There are two possible causes. If you have mistyped something, as in <code>\cite{texbok}</code> then you need to correct the spelling. On the other hand, if you have just added or modified the bibliographic information and so changed the <file>.aux</file> file (<pxref label="_005cbibitem"><xrefnodename>\bibitem</xrefnodename></pxref>) then -the fix may be to just run &latex; again. -</para> -<para>In addition to what appears in the output, <code>\cite</code> writes -information to the auxiliary file <file><var>filename</var>.aux</file>. For -instance, <code>\cite{latexdps}</code> writes <samp>\citation{latexdps}</samp> -to that file. This information is used by Bib&tex; to include in your -reference list only those works that you have actually cited; see -<ref label="_005cnocite"><xrefnodename>\nocite</xrefnodename></ref> also. +the fix may be to run &latex; again. </para> </subsection> <node name="_005cnocite" spaces=" "><nodename>\nocite</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Using BibTeX</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\cite</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">thebibliography</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\nocite</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="417" mergedindex="cp">\nocite</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="416" mergedindex="cp">\nocite</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -7389,11 +7260,11 @@ have not cited them (<pxref label="_005ccite"><xrefnodename>\cite</xrefnodename> <node name="Using-BibTeX" spaces=" "><nodename>Using BibTeX</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\nocite</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">thebibliography</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Using Bib&tex;</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="327">using Bib&tex;</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="328">bib&tex;, using</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="329">bibliography, creating (automatically)</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="418" mergedindex="cp">\bibliographystyle</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="419" mergedindex="cp">\bibliography</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="320">using Bib&tex;</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="321">bib&tex;, using</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="322">bibliography, creating (automatically)</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="417" mergedindex="cp">\bibliographystyle</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="418" mergedindex="cp">\bibliography</indexterm></findex> <para>As described in <code>thebibliography</code> (<pxref label="thebibliography"><xrefnodename>thebibliography</xrefnodename></pxref>), a sophisticated approach to managing bibliographies is provided by the @@ -7465,10 +7336,10 @@ you used. <node name="theorem" spaces=" "><nodename>theorem</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">titlepage</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">thebibliography</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>theorem</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="420" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>theorem</code></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="421" mergedindex="cp"><code>theorem</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="419" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>theorem</code></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="420" mergedindex="cp"><code>theorem</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="330">theorems, typesetting</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="323">theorems, typesetting</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -7496,11 +7367,11 @@ The next result follows immediately. \end{thm} </pre></example> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="331"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="332"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="324"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="325"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="333"><r>package</r>, <code>amsthm</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="334"><code>amsthm</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="326"><r>package</r>, <code>amsthm</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="327"><code>amsthm</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>Most new documents use the packages <code>amsthm</code> and <code>amsmath</code> from the American Mathematical Society. Among other things these @@ -7512,11 +7383,11 @@ such as styling options. <node name="titlepage" spaces=" "><nodename>titlepage</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">verbatim</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">theorem</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>titlepage</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="422" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>titlepage</code></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="423" mergedindex="cp"><code>titlepage</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="421" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>titlepage</code></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="422" mergedindex="cp"><code>titlepage</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="335">making a title page</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="336">title pages, creating</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="328">making a title page</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="329">title pages, creating</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -7563,14 +7434,14 @@ environment, use <code>\maketitle</code> (<pxref label="_005cmaketitle"><xrefnod <node name="verbatim" spaces=" "><nodename>verbatim</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">verse</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">titlepage</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>verbatim</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="424" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>verbatim</code></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="425" mergedindex="cp"><code>verbatim</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="423" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>verbatim</code></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="424" mergedindex="cp"><code>verbatim</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="337">verbatim text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="338">simulating typed text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="339">typed text, simulating</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="340">code, typesetting</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="341">computer programs, typesetting</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="330">verbatim text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="331">simulating typed text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="332">typed text, simulating</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="333">code, typesetting</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="334">computer programs, typesetting</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -7596,19 +7467,19 @@ Symbol swearing: %&$#?&eosexcl;. <para>The only restriction on <code>literal-text</code> is that it cannot include the string <code>\end{verbatim}</code>. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="342"><r>package</r>, <code>cprotect</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="343"><code>cprotect</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="335"><r>package</r>, <code>cprotect</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="336"><code>cprotect</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>You cannot use the verbatim environment in the argument to macros, for instance in the argument to a <code>\section</code>. This is not the same as commands being fragile (<pxref label="_005cprotect"><xrefnodename>\protect</xrefnodename></pxref>), instead it just cannot appear there. (But the <code>cprotect</code> package can help with this.) </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="344"><r>package</r>, <code>listings</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="345"><code>listings</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="337"><r>package</r>, <code>listings</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="338"><code>listings</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="346"><r>package</r>, <code>minted</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="347"><code>minted</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="339"><r>package</r>, <code>minted</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="340"><code>minted</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>One common use of verbatim input is to typeset computer code. There are packages that are an improvement the <code>verbatim</code> environment. For @@ -7616,11 +7487,11 @@ instance, one improvement is to allow the verbatim inclusion of external files, or parts of those files. Such packages include <code>listings</code>, and <code>minted</code>. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="348"><r>package</r>, <code>fancyvrb</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="349"><code>fancyvrb</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="341"><r>package</r>, <code>fancyvrb</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="342"><code>fancyvrb</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="350"><r>package</r>, <code>verbatimbox</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="351"><code>verbatimbox</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="343"><r>package</r>, <code>verbatimbox</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="344"><code>verbatimbox</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>A package that provides many more options for verbatim environments is <code>fancyvrb</code>. Another is <code>verbatimbox</code>. @@ -7635,8 +7506,8 @@ and <code>minted</code>. <node name="_005cverb" spaces=" "><nodename>\verb</nodename><nodeup automatic="on">verbatim</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\verb</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="426" mergedindex="cp">\verb</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="352">verbatim text, inline</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="425" mergedindex="cp">\verb</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="345">verbatim text, inline</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -7669,7 +7540,7 @@ shows a space only to distinguish one component from the other). The delimiter must not appear in <var>literal-text</var>. The <var>literal-text</var> cannot include a line break. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="353">visible space</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="346">visible space</indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>*</code>-form differs only in that spaces are printed with a visible space character. <tex endspaces=" "> @@ -7681,24 +7552,24 @@ space character. <pre xml:space="preserve">The commands's first argument is \verb*!filename with extension! and ... </pre></example> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="354"><r>package</r>, <code>url</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="355"><code>url</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="347"><r>package</r>, <code>url</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="348"><code>url</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>For typesetting Internet addresses, urls, the package <code>url</code> provides an option that is better than the <code>\verb</code> command, since it allows line breaks. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="356"><r>package</r>, <code>listings</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="357"><code>listings</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="349"><r>package</r>, <code>listings</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="350"><code>listings</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="358"><r>package</r>, <code>minted</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="359"><code>minted</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="351"><r>package</r>, <code>minted</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="352"><code>minted</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>For computer code there are many packages with advantages over <code>\verb</code>. One is <file>listings</file>, another is <file>minted</file>. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="360"><r>package</r>, <code>cprotect</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="361"><code>cprotect</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="353"><r>package</r>, <code>cprotect</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="354"><code>cprotect</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>You cannot use <code>\verb</code> in the argument to a macro, for instance in the argument to a <code>\section</code>. It is not a question of <code>\verb</code> @@ -7711,10 +7582,10 @@ being fragile (<pxref label="_005cprotect"><xrefnodename>\protect</xrefnodename> <node name="verse" spaces=" "><nodename>verse</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">verbatim</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>verse</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="427" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>verse</code></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="428" mergedindex="cp"><code>verse</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="426" mergedindex="cp"><r>environment</r>, <code>verse</code></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="427" mergedindex="cp"><code>verse</code> <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="362">poetry, an environment for</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="355">poetry, an environment for</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -7735,7 +7606,7 @@ being fragile (<pxref label="_005cprotect"><xrefnodename>\protect</xrefnodename> On the fair daughter of rich Capulet. </pre></example> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="429" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>for <code>verse</code></r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="428" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>for <code>verse</code></r></indexterm></findex> <para>Separate the lines of each stanza with <code>\\</code>, and use one or more blank lines to separate the stanzas. </para> @@ -7763,8 +7634,8 @@ are not indented, and the text is not right-justified. <node name="Line-breaking" spaces=" "><nodename>Line breaking</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Page breaking</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Environments</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> <chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Line breaking</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="363">line breaking</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="364">breaking lines</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="356">line breaking</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="357">breaking lines</indexterm></cindex> <para>The first thing &latex; does when processing ordinary text is to translate your input file into a sequence of glyphs and spaces. To @@ -7795,9 +7666,9 @@ fiddling with breaks that will change anyway. <node name="_005c_005c" spaces=" "><nodename>\\</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\obeycr & \restorecr</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\\</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="430" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>force line break</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="365">new line, starting</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="366">line break, forcing</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="429" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>force line break</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="358">new line, starting</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="359">line break, forcing</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis, one of: </para> @@ -7879,9 +7750,9 @@ something like this. <node name="_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr" spaces=" "><nodename>\obeycr & \restorecr</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newline</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\\</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\obeycr</code> & <code>\restorecr</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="431" mergedindex="cp">\obeycr</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="432" mergedindex="cp">\restorecr</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="367">new line, output as input</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="430" mergedindex="cp">\obeycr</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="431" mergedindex="cp">\restorecr</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="360">new line, output as input</indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>\obeycr</code> command makes a return in the input file (<samp>^^M</samp>, internally) the same as <code>\\</code>, followed by <code>\relax</code>. So each @@ -7931,8 +7802,8 @@ fff ggg <node name="_005cnewline" spaces=" "><nodename>\newline</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\- (hyphenation)</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\obeycr & \restorecr</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newline</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="433" mergedindex="cp">\newline</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="368">new line, starting (paragraph mode)</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="432" mergedindex="cp">\newline</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="361">new line, starting (paragraph mode)</indexterm></cindex> <para>In ordinary text, this ends a line in a way that does not right-justify the line, so the prior text is not stretched. That is, in paragraph mode @@ -7964,8 +7835,8 @@ single cell of the table. <node name="_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029" spaces=" "><nodename>\- (hyphenation)</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\discretionary</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newline</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\-</code> (discretionary hyphen)</sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="434" mergedindex="cp">\- <r>(hyphenation)</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="369">hyphenation, forcing</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="433" mergedindex="cp">\- <r>(hyphenation)</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="362">hyphenation, forcing</indexterm></cindex> <para>Tell &latex; that it may hyphenate the word at that point. When you insert <code>\-</code> commands in a word, the word will only be hyphenated at @@ -8006,8 +7877,8 @@ care. </section> <node name="_005cdiscretionary" spaces=" "><nodename>\discretionary</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\fussy & \sloppy</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\- (hyphenation)</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\discretionary</code> (generalized hyphenation point)</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="370">hyphenation, discretionary</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="371">discretionary hyphenation</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="363">hyphenation, discretionary</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="364">discretionary hyphenation</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -8038,9 +7909,9 @@ automatically by &tex;&textrsquo;s hyphenation algorithm. <node name="_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy" spaces=" "><nodename>\fussy & \sloppy</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\hyphenation</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\discretionary</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\fussy</code> & <code>\sloppy</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="435" mergedindex="cp">\fussy</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="436" mergedindex="cp">\sloppy</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="372">line breaks, changing</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="434" mergedindex="cp">\fussy</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="435" mergedindex="cp">\sloppy</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="365">line breaks, changing</indexterm></cindex> <para>Declarations to make &tex; more picky or less picky about line breaking. Declaring <code>\fussy</code> usually avoids too much space between @@ -8062,8 +7933,8 @@ the command. <node name="sloppypar" spaces=" "><nodename>sloppypar</nodename><nodeup automatic="on">\fussy & \sloppy</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>sloppypar</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="437" mergedindex="cp">sloppypar</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="373">sloppypar environment</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="436" mergedindex="cp">sloppypar</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="366">sloppypar environment</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -8100,8 +7971,8 @@ the command. <node name="_005chyphenation" spaces=" "><nodename>\hyphenation</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\linebreak & \nolinebreak</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\fussy & \sloppy</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\hyphenation</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="438" mergedindex="cp">\hyphenation</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="374">hyphenation, defining</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="437" mergedindex="cp">\hyphenation</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="367">hyphenation, defining</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -8127,10 +7998,10 @@ exactly. Multiple <code>\hyphenation</code> commands accumulate. <node name="_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak" spaces=" "><nodename>\linebreak & \nolinebreak</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\hyphenation</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\linebreak</code> & <code>\nolinebreak</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="439" mergedindex="cp">\linebreak</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="440" mergedindex="cp">\nolinebreak</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="375">line breaks, forcing</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="376">line breaks, preventing</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="438" mergedindex="cp">\linebreak</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="439" mergedindex="cp">\nolinebreak</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="368">line breaks, forcing</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="369">line breaks, preventing</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopses, one of: </para> @@ -8175,8 +8046,8 @@ and <ref label="_005cnewline"><xrefnodename>\newline</xrefnodename></ref> t <node name="Page-breaking" spaces=" "><nodename>Page breaking</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Footnotes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> <chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Page breaking</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="377">page breaking</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="378">breaking pages</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="370">page breaking</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="371">breaking pages</indexterm></cindex> <para>Ordinarily &latex; automatically takes care of breaking output into pages with its usual aplomb. But if you are writing commands, or @@ -8219,11 +8090,11 @@ influence page breaks while preparing a final version of a document. <node name="_005cclearpage-_0026-_005ccleardoublepage" spaces=" "><nodename>\clearpage & \cleardoublepage</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newpage</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Page breaking</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\clearpage</code> & <code>\cleardoublepage</code> </sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="441" mergedindex="cp">\clearpage</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="379">flushing floats and starting a page</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="380">starting a new page and clearing floats</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="442" mergedindex="cp">\cleardoublepage</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="381">starting on a right-hand page</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="440" mergedindex="cp">\clearpage</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="372">flushing floats and starting a page</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="373">starting a new page and clearing floats</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="441" mergedindex="cp">\cleardoublepage</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="374">starting on a right-hand page</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -8278,9 +8149,9 @@ two-column mode then <code>\newpage</code> ends the current column while <node name="_005cnewpage" spaces=" "><nodename>\newpage</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\enlargethispage</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\clearpage & \cleardoublepage</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Page breaking</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newpage</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="443" mergedindex="cp">\newpage</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="382">new page, starting</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="383">starting a new page</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="442" mergedindex="cp">\newpage</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="375">new page, starting</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="376">starting a new page</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -8323,8 +8194,8 @@ stretch out the page, as <code>\pagebreak</code> does. <node name="_005cenlargethispage" spaces=" "><nodename>\enlargethispage</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\pagebreak & \nopagebreak</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newpage</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Page breaking</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\enlargethispage</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="444" mergedindex="cp">\enlargethispage</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="384">enlarge current page</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="443" mergedindex="cp">\enlargethispage</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="377">enlarge current page</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis, one of: </para> @@ -8357,10 +8228,10 @@ explicit <code>\pagebreak</code>. <node name="_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak" spaces=" "><nodename>\pagebreak & \nopagebreak</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\enlargethispage</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Page breaking</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\pagebreak</code> & <code>\nopagebreak</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="445" mergedindex="cp">\pagebreak</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="446" mergedindex="cp">\nopagebreak</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="385">page break, forcing</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="386">page break, preventing</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="444" mergedindex="cp">\pagebreak</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="445" mergedindex="cp">\nopagebreak</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="378">page break, forcing</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="379">page break, preventing</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopses: </para> @@ -8416,7 +8287,7 @@ does not have these effects. <node name="Footnotes" spaces=" "><nodename>Footnotes</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Definitions</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Page breaking</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> <chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Footnotes</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="387">footnotes, creating</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="380">footnotes, creating</indexterm></cindex> <para>Place a footnote at the bottom of the current page, as here. </para> @@ -8450,7 +8321,7 @@ include a bibliographic style with that behavior (<pxref label="Using-BibTeX"><x <node name="_005cfootnote" spaces=" "><nodename>\footnote</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\footnotemark</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\footnote</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="447" mergedindex="cp">\footnote</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="446" mergedindex="cp">\footnote</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis, one of: </para> @@ -8474,9 +8345,9 @@ include a bibliographic style with that behavior (<pxref label="Using-BibTeX"><x the footnote. If you use this then &latex; does not increment the <code>footnote</code> counter. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="388">footnotes, symbols instead of numbers</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="448" mergedindex="cp">\fnsymbol<r>, and footnotes</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="449" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;fnsymbol</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="381">footnotes, symbols instead of numbers</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="447" mergedindex="cp">\fnsymbol<r>, and footnotes</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="448" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;fnsymbol</indexterm></findex> <para>By default, &latex; uses arabic numbers as footnote markers. Change this with something like <code>\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}}</code>, which @@ -8487,11 +8358,11 @@ you make the change local then you may want to reset the counter with </para> <para>&latex; determines the spacing of footnotes with two parameters. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="389">footnote parameters</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="390">parameters, for footnotes</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="382">footnote parameters</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="383">parameters, for footnotes</indexterm></cindex> <ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> -<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="450" mergedindex="cp">\footnoterule</indexterm>\footnoterule</itemformat></item> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="449" mergedindex="cp">\footnoterule</indexterm>\footnoterule</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="footnote-footnoterule">footnote footnoterule</anchor> <para>Produces the rule separating the main text on a page from the page&textrsquo;s footnotes. Default dimensions in the standard document classes (except @@ -8507,7 +8378,7 @@ Change the rule with something like this. \kern 2pt} % and this 2 </pre></example> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="451" mergedindex="cp">\footnotesep</indexterm>\footnotesep</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="450" mergedindex="cp">\footnotesep</indexterm>\footnotesep</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><anchor name="footnote-footnotesep">footnote footnotesep</anchor> <para>The height of the strut placed at the beginning of the footnote (<pxref label="_005cstrut"><xrefnodename>\strut</xrefnodename></pxref>). By default, this is set to the normal strut for @@ -8526,8 +8397,8 @@ sectioning command such as <code>\chapter</code> (it can only be used in outer paragraph mode; <pxref label="Modes"><xrefnodename>Modes</xrefnodename></pxref>). There are some workarounds; see following sections. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="391">Footnotes, in a minipage</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="392">mpfootnote counter</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="384">Footnotes, in a minipage</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="385">mpfootnote counter</indexterm></cindex> <para>In a <code>minipage</code> environment the <code>\footnote</code> command uses the <code>mpfootnote</code> counter instead of the <code>footnote</code> counter, so they are numbered independently. They are shown at the bottom of the @@ -8539,7 +8410,7 @@ shown alphabetically. <xref label="minipage"><xrefnodename>minipage</xrefnodenam <node name="_005cfootnotemark" spaces=" "><nodename>\footnotemark</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\footnotetext</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\footnote</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\footnotemark</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="452" mergedindex="cp">\footnotemark</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="451" mergedindex="cp">\footnotemark</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis, one of: </para> @@ -8592,11 +8463,11 @@ Illogical persons are despised.\footnotemark[\value{footnoteValueSaver&rb Therefore, anyone who can manage a crocodile is not a baby. </pre></example> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="393"><r>package</r>, <code>cleveref</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="394"><code>cleveref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="386"><r>package</r>, <code>cleveref</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="387"><code>cleveref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="395"><r>package</r>, <code>hyperref</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="396"><code>hyperref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="388"><r>package</r>, <code>hyperref</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="389"><code>hyperref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>This example accomplishes the same by using the package <file>cleveref</file>. </para> @@ -8610,8 +8481,8 @@ The corollary is from Chance.\footnote{Evers, Chance, 1990.} But the key lemma is from Tinker.\cref{fn:TE} </pre></example> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="397"><r>package</r>, <code>hyperref</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="398"><code>hyperref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="390"><r>package</r>, <code>hyperref</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="391"><code>hyperref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>It will work with the package <file>hyperref</file>. </para> @@ -8620,7 +8491,7 @@ But the key lemma is from Tinker.\cref{fn:TE} <node name="_005cfootnotetext" spaces=" "><nodename>\footnotetext</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Footnotes in section headings</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\footnotemark</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\footnotetext</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="453" mergedindex="cp">\footnotetext</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="452" mergedindex="cp">\footnotetext</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis, one of: </para> @@ -8643,8 +8514,8 @@ examples. <node name="Footnotes-in-section-headings" spaces=" "><nodename>Footnotes in section headings</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Footnotes in a table</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\footnotetext</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Footnotes in section headings</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="399">footnote, in section headings</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="400">table of contents, avoiding footnotes</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="392">footnote, in section headings</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="393">table of contents, avoiding footnotes</indexterm></cindex> <para>Putting a footnote in a section heading, as in: </para> @@ -8673,7 +8544,7 @@ what gets moved to the table of contents is the optional argument. <node name="Footnotes-in-a-table" spaces=" "><nodename>Footnotes in a table</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Footnotes of footnotes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Footnotes in section headings</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Footnotes in a table</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="401">footnote, in a table</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="394">footnote, in a table</indexterm></cindex> <para>Inside a <code>tabular</code> or <code>array</code> environment the <code>\footnote</code> command does not work; there is a footnote mark in the table cell but @@ -8754,10 +8625,10 @@ other footnotes. <node name="Footnotes-of-footnotes" spaces=" "><nodename>Footnotes of footnotes</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Footnotes in a table</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Footnotes of footnotes</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="402">footnote, of a footnote</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="395">footnote, of a footnote</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="403"><r>package</r>, <code>bigfoot</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="404"><code>bigfoot</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="396"><r>package</r>, <code>bigfoot</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="397"><code>bigfoot</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>Particularly in the humanities, authors can have multiple classes of footnotes, including having footnotes of footnotes. The package @@ -8780,20 +8651,22 @@ second.\footnotefrom{% <node name="Definitions" spaces=" "><nodename>Definitions</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Counters</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> <chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Definitions</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="405">definitions</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="398">definitions</indexterm></cindex> <para>&latex; has support for making new commands of many different kinds. </para> <menu endspaces=" "> -<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newcommand & \renewcommand</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">(Re)define a new command. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\providecommand</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new command, if name not used. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newcounter</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new counter. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newlength</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new length. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newsavebox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new box. +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newcommand & \renewcommand</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">(Re)define a new command. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\providecommand</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new command, if name not used. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\makeatletter & \makeatother</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Change the status of the at-sign character. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\&arobase;ifstar</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define your own commands with *-variants. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newcounter</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new counter. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newlength</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new length. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newsavebox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new box. </pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newenvironment & \renewenvironment</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new environment. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newtheorem</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new theorem-like environment. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newfont</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new font name. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\protect</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Using tricky commands. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newtheorem</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new theorem-like environment. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newfont</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new font name. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\protect</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Using tricky commands. </pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Discard extra spaces. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> @@ -8801,11 +8674,11 @@ second.\footnotefrom{% <node name="_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand" spaces=" "><nodename>\newcommand & \renewcommand</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\providecommand</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newcommand</code> & <code>\renewcommand</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="454" mergedindex="cp">\newcommand</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="406">commands, defining new ones</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="407">commands, redefining</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="408">defining a new command</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="409">new commands, defining</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="453" mergedindex="cp">\newcommand</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="399">commands, defining new ones</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="400">commands, redefining</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="401">defining a new command</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="402">new commands, defining</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopses, one of: </para> @@ -8832,8 +8705,8 @@ second.\footnotefrom{% <para>Define or redefine a command. See also the discussion of <code>\DeclareRobustCommand</code> in <ref label="Class-and-package-commands"><xrefnodename>Class and package commands</xrefnodename></ref>. -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="410">starred form, defining new commands</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="411">*-form, defining new commands</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="403">starred form, defining new commands</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="404">*-form, defining new commands</indexterm></cindex> The starred form of these two requires that the arguments not contain multiple paragraphs of text (in plain &tex; terms that it not be <code>\long</code>). @@ -8861,7 +8734,7 @@ different number of arguments than the old version. (which may be the empty string). If this argument is not present then <code>\<var>cmd</var></code> does not take an optional argument. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="412">positional parameter</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="405">positional parameter</indexterm></cindex> <para>That is, if <code>\<var>cmd</var></code> is used with square brackets, as in <code>\<var>cmd</var>[<var>optval</var>]{...}...</code>, then within <var>defn</var> the parameter <code>#1</code> is set to the value of <var>optval</var>. On the @@ -8959,13 +8832,13 @@ is to put another pair of braces inside the definition: </para> </section> -<node name="_005cprovidecommand" spaces=" "><nodename trailingspaces=" ">\providecommand</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newcounter</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newcommand & \renewcommand</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node> +<node name="_005cprovidecommand" spaces=" "><nodename trailingspaces=" ">\providecommand</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\makeatletter & \makeatother</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newcommand & \renewcommand</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\providecommand</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="455" mergedindex="cp">\providecommand</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="413">commands, defining new ones</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="414">defining a new command</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="415">new commands, defining</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="454" mergedindex="cp">\providecommand</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="406">commands, defining new ones</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="407">defining a new command</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="408">new commands, defining</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopses, one of: </para> @@ -8999,7 +8872,142 @@ the repeated use of <code>\providecommand</code> does not give an error. </para> </section> -<node name="_005cnewcounter" spaces=" "><nodename>\newcounter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newlength</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\providecommand</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node> +<node name="_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother" spaces=" "><nodename>\makeatletter & \makeatother</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\&arobase;ifstar</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\providecommand</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\makeatletter</code> & <code>\makeatother</code></sectiontitle> + +<para>Synopsis: +</para> +<example endspaces=" "> +<pre xml:space="preserve">\makeatletter + ... definition of commands with &arobase; in their name .. +\makeatother +</pre></example> + +<para>Use this pair when you redefine &latex; commands that are named with an +at-sign character <samp><code>&arobase;</code></samp>. The <code>\makeatletter</code> +declaration makes the at-sign character have the category code of a +letter, code 11. The <code>\makeatother</code> declaration sets the +category code of the at-sign to code 12, its default value. +</para> +<para>As &tex; reads characters, it assigns each one a category code, or +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="409">catcode</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="410">character category code</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="411">category code, character</indexterm></cindex> +<dfn>catcode</dfn>. For instance, it assigns the backslash +character <samp><code>\</code></samp> the catcode 0. Command names +consist of a category 0 character, ordinarily backslash, followed +by letters, category 11 characters (except that a command name can +also consist of a category 0 character followed by a single +non-letter symbol). +</para> +<para>&latex;&textrsquo;s source code has the convention that some commands use +<code>&arobase;</code> in their name. These commands are mainly intended for package +or class writers. The convention prevents authors who are just using a +package or class from accidentally replacing such a command with one of +their own, because by default the at-sign has catcode 12. +</para> +<para>The pair <code>\makeatletter</code> and <code>\makeatother</code> changes the +default code and then changes it back. Use them inside a <file>.tex</file> +file, in the preamble, when you are defining or redefining commands +named with <code>&arobase;</code>, by having them surround your definition. Don&textrsquo;t +use these inside <file>.sty</file> or <file>.cls</file> files since the +<code>\usepackage</code> and <code>\documentclass</code> commands already arrange +that the at-sign has the character code of a letter, catcode 11. +</para> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="412"><r>package</r>, <code>macros2e</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="413"><code>macros2e</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> + +<para>For a comprehensive list of macros with an at-sign in their names see +<url><urefurl>http://ctan.org/pkg/macros2e</urefurl></url>. +</para> +<para>In this example the class file has a command +<code>\thesis&arobase;universityname</code> that the user wants to change. These +three lines should go in the preamble, before the +<code>\begin{document}</code>. +</para> +<example endspaces=" "> +<pre xml:space="preserve">\makeatletter +\renewcommand{\thesis&arobase;universityname}{Saint Michael's College} +\makeatother +</pre></example> + + +</section> +<node name="_005c_0040ifstar" spaces=" "><nodename>\&arobase;ifstar</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newcounter</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\makeatletter & \makeatother</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\&arobase;ifstar</code></sectiontitle> + +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="455" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;ifstar</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="414">commands, star-variants</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="415">star-variants, commands</indexterm></cindex> + +<para>Synopsis: +</para> +<example endspaces=" "> +<pre xml:space="preserve">\newcommand{\mycmd}{\&arobase;ifstar{\mycmd&arobase;star}{\mycmd&arobase;nostar}} +\newcommand{\mycmd&arobase;nostar}[<var>nostar-num-args</var>]{<var>nostar-body</var>} +\newcommand{\mycmd&arobase;star}[<var>star-num-args</var>]{<var>star-body</var>} +</pre></example> + +<para>Many standard &latex; environments or commands have a variant with the +same name but ending with a star character <code>*</code>, an asterisk. +Examples are the <code>table</code> and <code>table*</code> environments and the +<code>\section</code> and <code>\section*</code> commands. +</para> +<para>When defining environments, following this pattern is straightforward +because <code>\newenvironment</code> and <code>\renewenvironment</code> allow the +environment name to contain a star. For commands the situation is more +complex. As in the synopsis above, there will be a user-called command, +given above as <code>\mycmd</code>, which peeks ahead to see if it is followed +by a star. For instance, &latex; does not really have a +<code>\section*</code> command; instead, the <code>\section</code> command peeks +ahead. This command does not accept arguments but instead expands to +one of two commands that do accept arguments. In the synopsis these two +are <code>\mycmd&arobase;nostar</code> and <code>\mycmd&arobase;star</code>. They could take the +same number of arguments or a different number, or no arguments at all. +As always, in a &latex; document a command using at-sign <code>&arobase;</code> +must be enclosed inside a <code>\makeatletter ... \makeatother</code> block +(<pxref label="_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother"><xrefnodename>\makeatletter & \makeatother</xrefnodename></pxref>). +</para> +<para>This example of <code>\&arobase;ifstar</code> defines the command <code>\ciel</code> and a +variant <code>\ciel*</code>. Both have one required argument. A call to +<code>\ciel{night}</code> will return "starry night sky" while +<code>\ciel*{blue}</code> will return "starry not blue sky". +</para> +<example endspaces=" "> +<pre xml:space="preserve">\newcommand*{\ciel&arobase;unstarred}[1]{starry #1 sky} +\newcommand*{\ciel&arobase;starred}[1]{starry not #1 sky} +\newcommand*{\ciel}{\&arobase;ifstar{\ciel&arobase;starred}{\ciel&arobase;unstarred}} +</pre></example> + +<para>In the next example, the starred variant takes a different number of +arguments than the unstarred one. With this definition, Agent 007&textrsquo;s +<code>``My name is \agentsecret*{Bond}, +\agentsecret{James}{Bond}.''</code> is equivalent to entering the commands +<code>``My name is \textsc{Bond}, \textit{James} textsc{Bond}.''</code> +</para> +<example endspaces=" "> +<pre xml:space="preserve">\newcommand*{\agentsecret&arobase;unstarred}[2]{\textit{#1} \textsc{#2}} +\newcommand*{\agentsecret&arobase;starred}[1]{\textsc{#1}} +\newcommand*{\agentsecret}{% + \&arobase;ifstar{\agentsecret&arobase;starred}{\agentsecret&arobase;unstarred}} +</pre></example> + +<para>There are two sometimes more convenient ways to accomplish the work of +<code>\&arobase;ifstar</code>. The <file>suffix</file> package allows the construct +<code>\newcommand\mycommand{<var>unstarred version</var>}</code> followed by +<code>\WithSuffix\newcommand\mycommand*{<var>starred version</var>}</code>. And +&latex;3 has the <file>xparse</file> package that allows this code. +</para> +<example endspaces=" "> +<pre xml:space="preserve">\NewDocumentCommand\foo{s}{\IfBooleanTF#1 + {<var>starred version</var>}% + {<var>unstarred version</var>}% + } +</pre></example> + + +</section> +<node name="_005cnewcounter" spaces=" "><nodename>\newcounter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newlength</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\&arobase;ifstar</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newcounter</code>: Allocating a counter</sectiontitle> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="456" mergedindex="cp">\newcounter</indexterm></findex> @@ -9096,16 +9104,17 @@ Or name \end... illegal, see p.192 of the manual</samp>. <para>Synopsis: </para> <example endspaces=" "> -<pre xml:space="preserve">\newsavebox{<var>cmd</var>} +<pre xml:space="preserve">\newsavebox{\<var>cmd</var>} </pre></example> -<para>Define <code>\<var>cmd</var></code> to refer to a new &textldquo;bin&textrdquo; for storing boxes. -Such a box is for holding typeset material, to use multiple times or to -measure or manipulate (<pxref label="Boxes"><xrefnodename>Boxes</xrefnodename></pxref>). The required bin name -<code><var>cmd</var></code> must start with a backslash, <code>\</code>, and must not -already be defined. This command is fragile (<pxref label="_005cprotect"><xrefnodename>\protect</xrefnodename></pxref>). +<para>Define \<var>cmd</var>, the string consisting of a backslash followed by +<var>cmd</var>, to refer to a new bin for storing material. These bins hold +material that has been typeset, to use multiple times or to measure or +manipulate (<pxref label="Boxes"><xrefnodename>Boxes</xrefnodename></pxref>). The bin name \<var>cmd</var> is required, must +start with a backslash, \, and must not already be a defined command. +This command is fragile (<pxref label="_005cprotect"><xrefnodename>\protect</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> -<para>The first line here sets you up to save the material for later use. +<para>This allocates a bin and then puts typeset material into it. </para> <example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\newsavebox{\logobox} @@ -9446,8 +9455,8 @@ boldface with a roman (<pxref label="Fonts"><xrefnodename>Fonts</xrefnodename></ </pre></example> <para>Define a command <code>\<var>cmd</var></code> that will change the current font. -The control sequence must must not already be defined. It must begin -with a backslash, <code>\</code>. +The control sequence must not already be defined. It must begin with a +backslash, <code>\</code>. </para> <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="432">at clause, in font definitions</indexterm></cindex> <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="433">design size, in font definitions</indexterm></cindex> @@ -9973,30 +9982,37 @@ bogus month value produces no output). <para>A <dfn>length</dfn> is a measure of distance. Many &latex; commands take a length as an argument. </para> -<para>This shows a box of the given length. +<para>Lengths come in two types. A <dfn>rigid length</dfn> such as <code>10pt</code> +does not contain a <code>plus</code> or <code>minus</code> component. (Plain &tex; +calls this a <dfn>dimen</dfn>.) A <dfn>rubber length</dfn> (what Plain &tex; +calls a <dfn>skip</dfn>) such as as with <code>1cm plus0.05cm minus0.01cm</code> +can contain either or both of those components. In that rubber length, +the <code>1cm</code> is the <dfn>natural length</dfn> while the other two, the +<code>plus</code> and <code>minus</code> components, allow &tex; to stretch or +shrink the length to optimize placement. +</para> +<para>The illustrations below use these two commands. </para> <example endspaces=" "> -<pre xml:space="preserve">\newcommand{\blackbar}[1]{\rule{#1}{10pt}} % make a bar -\newcommand{\showhbox}[2]{\fboxsep=0pt\fbox{\hbox to #1{#2}}} % box it -XXX\showhbox{100pt}{\blackbar{100pt}}YYY +<pre xml:space="preserve">% make a black bar 10pt tall and #1 wide +\newcommand{\blackbar}[1]{\rule{#1}{10pt}} + +% Make a box around #2 that is #1 wide (excluding the border) +\newcommand{\showhbox}[2]{% + \fboxsep=0pt\fbox{\hbox to #1{#2}}} </pre></example> <noindent></noindent> -<para>It produces a black bar 100 points long between <samp>XXX</samp> and -<samp>YYY</samp>. -</para> -<para>Lengths come in two types. A <dfn>rigid length</dfn> (what Plain &tex; -calls a <dfn>dimen</dfn>) such as <code>10pt</code> does not contain a <code>plus</code> -or <code>minus</code> component. The above example shows a rigid length. A -<dfn>rubber length</dfn> (what Plain &tex; calls a <dfn>skip</dfn>) can contain -those components, as with <code>1cm plus0.05cm minus0.01cm</code>. Here the -<code>1cm</code> is the <dfn>natural length</dfn> while the other two, the -<code>plus</code> and <code>minus</code> components, allow the length to stretch or -shrink. -</para> -<para>Shrinking is simpler: with <code>1cm minus 0.05cm</code>, the natural length -is 1<dmn>cm</dmn> but if smaller is needed then &tex; can shrink it down as -far as 0.95<dmn>cm</dmn>. Beyond that, &tex; refuses to shrink any more. +<para>This example uses those commands to show a black bar 100 points +long between <samp>XXX</samp> and <samp>YYY</samp>. This length is rigid. +</para> +<example endspaces=" "> +<pre xml:space="preserve">XXX\showhbox{100pt}{\blackbar{100pt}}YYY +</pre></example> + +<para>As for rubber lengths, shrinking is simpler one: with <code>1cm minus +0.05cm</code>, the natural length is 1<dmn>cm</dmn> but &tex; can shrink it down +as far as 0.95<dmn>cm</dmn>. Beyond that, &tex; refuses to shrink any more. Thus, below the first one works fine, producing a space of 98 points between the two bars. </para> @@ -10016,7 +10032,7 @@ wider than the 300<dmn>pt</dmn> allocated, as &tex; has refused to shrink the total to less than 309 points. </para> <para>Stretching is like shrinking except that if &tex; is asked to stretch -beyond the given amount, it won&textrsquo;t refuse. Here the first line is fine, +beyond the given amount, it will do it. Here the first line is fine, producing a space of 110 points between the bars. </para> <example endspaces=" "> @@ -10029,11 +10045,9 @@ XXX\showhbox{300pt}{% <noindent></noindent> <para>In the second line &tex; needs a stretch of 10 points and only -1 point was specified. In this situation, &tex; stretches the -space to the required length, but it complains with a warning like -<samp>Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) detected at line 22</samp>. (We won&textrsquo;t -discuss badness; the point is that the system was not given as much -stretch as needed.) +1 point was specified. &tex; stretches the space to the required +length but it gives you a warning like <samp>Underfull \hbox (badness +10000) detected at line 22</samp>. (We won&textrsquo;t discuss badness.) </para> <para>You can put both stretch and shrink in the same length, as in <code>1ex plus 0.05ex minus 0.02ex</code>. @@ -10042,17 +10056,18 @@ stretch as needed.) stretch or shrink in proportion. </para> <example endspaces=" "> -<pre xml:space="preserve">XXX\showhbox{300pt}{\blackbar{100pt}% left +<pre xml:space="preserve">XXX\showhbox{300pt}{% + \blackbar{100pt}% left \hspace{0pt plus 50pt}\blackbar{80pt}\hspace{0pt plus 10pt}% middle \blackbar{100pt}}YYY % right </pre></example> <noindent></noindent> -<para>The outside bars take up 100 points, so the middle needs another -100. In the middle the bar takes up 80 points, so the two -<code>\hspace</code>&textrsquo;s must stretch 20 points. Because the two say -<code>plus 50pt</code> and <code>plus 10pt</code>, &tex; gets 5/6 of the -stretch from the first space and 1/6 from the second. +<para>The left and right bars take up 100 points, so the middle needs +another 100. The middle bar is 80 points so the two +<code>\hspace</code>&textrsquo;s must stretch 20 points. Because the two are +<code>plus 50pt</code> and <code>plus 10pt</code>, &tex; gets 5/6 of the stretch +from the first space and 1/6 from the second. </para> <para>The <code>plus</code> or <code>minus</code> component of a rubber length can contain a <dfn>fill</dfn> component, as in <code>1in plus2fill</code>. This gives the @@ -10068,10 +10083,10 @@ the page. \end{minipage} </pre></example> -<para>&tex; actually has three infinite glue components <code>fil</code>, -<code>fill</code>, and <code>filll</code>. The later ones are more infinite than -the earlier ones. Ordinarily document authors only use the middle one -(<pxref label="_005chfill"><xrefnodename>\hfill</xrefnodename></pxref> and <pxref label="_005cvfill"><xrefnodename>\vfill</xrefnodename></pxref>). +<para>&tex; actually has three levels of infinity for glue components: +<code>fil</code>, <code>fill</code>, and <code>filll</code>. The later ones are more +infinite than the earlier ones. Ordinarily document authors only use +the middle one (<pxref label="_005chfill"><xrefnodename>\hfill</xrefnodename></pxref> and <pxref label="_005cvfill"><xrefnodename>\vfill</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> <para>Multiplying a rubber length by a number turns it into a rigid length, so that after <code>\setlength{\ylength}{1in plus 0.2in}</code> and @@ -10102,7 +10117,7 @@ math mode. </tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="481" mergedindex="cp">pt</indexterm></findex> <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="449">Point</indexterm></cindex> <anchor name="units-of-length-pt">units of length pt</anchor> -<para>Point 1/72.27 inch. The conversion to metric units, to two decimal +<para>Point, 1/72.27 inch. The conversion to metric units, to two decimal places, is 1<dmn>point</dmn> = 2.85<dmn>mm</dmn> = 28.45<dmn>cm</dmn>. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">pc</itemformat></item> @@ -10216,8 +10231,13 @@ while the second will not. He said stop going to those places. </pre></example> -<para>If there is no such length <var>len</var> then you get something like -<samp>Undefined control sequence. <argument> \praindent</samp>. +<para>If you did not declare <var>len</var> with <code>\newlength</code>, for example if +you mistype the above as +<code>\newlength{\specparindent}\setlength{\sepcparindent}{...}</code>, +then you get an error like <samp>Undefined control sequence. <argument> +\sepcindent</samp>. If you omit the backslash at the start of the length name +then you get an error like <samp>Missing number, treated as zero. <to be +read again> \relax l.19 \setlength{specparindent}{0.6\parindent}</samp> </para> </section> @@ -10242,8 +10262,8 @@ length</xrefnodename></pxref>). <para>Below, if <code>\parskip</code> starts with the value <code>0pt plus 1pt</code> </para> <example endspaces=" "> -<pre xml:space="preserve">\addtolength{\parskip}{1pt} -Doctor: how is the boy who swallowed the silver dollar? +<pre xml:space="preserve">Doctor: how is the boy who swallowed the silver dollar? +\addtolength{\parskip}{1pt} Nurse: no change. </pre></example> @@ -10251,9 +10271,11 @@ Nurse: no change. <noindent></noindent> <para>then it has the value <code>1pt plus 1pt</code> for the second paragraph. </para> -<para>If there is no such length <var>len</var> then you get something like -<samp>Undefined control sequence. <argument> \praindent</samp>. If you leave -off the backslash at the start of <var>len</var>, as in +<para>If you did not declare the length <var>len</var> with <code>\newlength</code>, if +for example you mistype the above as +<code>\addtolength{\specparindent}{0.6\praindent}</code>, then you get +something like <samp>Undefined control sequence. <argument> \praindent</samp>. +If you leave off the backslash at the start of <var>len</var>, as in <code>\addtolength{parindent}{1pt}</code>, then you get something like <samp>You can't use `the letter p' after \advance</samp>. </para> @@ -10282,9 +10304,10 @@ begin with a backslash, <code>\</code>. \the\alphabetdepth </pre></example> -<para>If there is no such length <var>len</var> then you get something like -<samp>Undefined control sequence. <argument> \alphabetdepth</samp>. If you -leave the backslash out of <var>len</var>, as in +<para>If you did not set aside the length <var>len</var>, if for example you +mistype the above as <code>\settodepth{\aplhabetdepth}{abc...}</code>, +then you get something like <samp>Undefined control sequence. <argument> +\aplhabetdepth</samp>. If you leave the backslash out of <var>len</var>, as in <code>\settodepth{alphabetdepth}{...}</code> then you get something like <samp>Missing number, treated as zero. <to be read again> \setbox</samp>. </para> @@ -10313,9 +10336,11 @@ begin with a backslash, <code>\</code>. \the\alphabetheight </pre></example> -<para>If there is no such length <var>len</var> then you get something like -<samp>Undefined control sequence. <argument> \alphabetheight</samp>. If you -leave the backslash out of <var>len</var>, as in +<para>If no such length <var>len</var> has been declared with <code>\newlength</code>, if +for example you mistype as +<code>\settoheight{\aplhabetheight}{abc...}</code>, then you get something +like <samp>Undefined control sequence. <argument> \alphabetheight</samp>. If +you leave the backslash out of <var>len</var>, as in <code>\settoheight{alphabetheight}{...}</code> then you get something like <samp>Missing number, treated as zero. <to be read again> \setbox</samp>. </para> @@ -10344,42 +10369,14 @@ begin with a backslash, <code>\</code>. \the\alphabetwidth </pre></example> -<para>If there is no such length <var>len</var> then you get something like -<samp>Undefined control sequence. <argument> \alphabetwidth</samp>. If you -leave the backslash out of <var>len</var>, as in +<para>If no such length <var>len</var> has been set aside, if for example you +mistype the above as <code>\settowidth{\aplhabetwidth}{abc...}</code>, +then you get something like <samp>Undefined control sequence. <argument> +\aplhabetwidth</samp>. If you leave the backslash out of <var>len</var>, as in <code>\settoheight{alphabetwidth}{...}</code> then you get something like <samp>Missing number, treated as zero. <to be read again> \setbox</samp>. </para> -<!-- c @node Predefined lengths --> -<!-- c @section Predefined lengths --> - -<!-- c @cindex lengths, predefined --> -<!-- c @cindex predefined lengths --> - -<!-- c @code{\width} --> -<!-- c @findex \width --> - -<!-- c @code{\height} --> -<!-- c @findex \height --> - -<!-- c @code{\depth} --> -<!-- c @findex \depth --> - -<!-- c @code{\totalheight} --> -<!-- c @findex \totalheight --> - -<!-- c These length parameters can be used in the arguments of the box-making --> -<!-- c commands (@pxref{Boxes}). They specify the natural width, etc., of the --> -<!-- c text in the box. @code{\totalheight} equals --> -<!-- c @math{@code{@backslashchar{}height} + @code{@backslashchar{}depth}}. To --> -<!-- c make a box with the text stretched to double the natural size, e.g., say --> - -<!-- c @example --> -<!-- c \makebox[2\width]@{Get a stretcher@} --> -<!-- c @end example --> - - </section> </chapter> <node name="Making-paragraphs" spaces=" "><nodename>Making paragraphs</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Math formulas</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Lengths</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> @@ -10388,9 +10385,9 @@ leave the backslash out of <var>len</var>, as in <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="464">making paragraphs</indexterm></cindex> <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="465">paragraphs</indexterm></cindex> -<para>Once &latex; has all of a paragraph&textrsquo;s contents it divides it into -lines, in a way that is optimized over the entire paragraph (<pxref label="Line-breaking"><xrefnodename>Line -breaking</xrefnodename></pxref>). To end the current paragraph, put an empty line. +<para>To start a paragraph, just type some text. To end the current +paragraph, put an empty line. This is three paragraphs, separated by +two empty lines. </para> <example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession @@ -10408,6 +10405,10 @@ of some one or other of their daughters. <para>The separator lines must be empty, including not containing a comment character, <code>%</code>. </para> +<para>Once &latex; has gathered all of a paragraph&textrsquo;s contents it divides that +content into lines in a way that is optimized over the entire paragraph +(<pxref label="Line-breaking"><xrefnodename>Line breaking</xrefnodename></pxref>). +</para> <para>There are places where a new paragraph is not permitted. Don&textrsquo;t put a blank line in math mode (<pxref label="Modes"><xrefnodename>Modes</xrefnodename></pxref>); here the line before the <code>\end{equation}</code> @@ -10448,7 +10449,7 @@ complete</samp>. <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="499" mergedindex="cp">\par</indexterm></findex> <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="466">paragraph, ending</indexterm></cindex> -<para>Synopsis (note that while reading the input &tex;, converts two +<para>Synopsis (note that while reading the input &tex; converts two consecutive newlines to a <code>\par</code>): </para> <example endspaces=" "> @@ -10467,22 +10468,25 @@ readability. \whatCheatingIs\par\whatHappensWhenICatchYou} </pre></example> -<para>The <code>\par</code> command does nothing in LR mode or a vertical mode but -it terminates paragraph mode, bringing &latex; to vertical mode +<para>In LR mode or a vertical mode the <code>\par</code> command does nothing but +it terminates paragraph mode, switching &latex; to vertical mode (<pxref label="Modes"><xrefnodename>Modes</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> -<para>You cannot use the <code>\par</code> command in math mode or in the argument -of many commands, such as the <code>\section</code> command (<pxref label="Making-paragraphs"><xrefnodename>Making -paragraphs</xrefnodename></pxref> and <pxref label="_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand"><xrefnodename>\newcommand & \renewcommand</xrefnodename></pxref>). +<para>You cannot use the <code>\par</code> command in a math mode. You also cannot +use it in the argument of many commands, such as the <code>\section</code> +command (<pxref label="Making-paragraphs"><xrefnodename>Making paragraphs</xrefnodename></pxref> and <ref label="_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand"><xrefnodename>\newcommand & +\renewcommand</xrefnodename></ref>). </para> -<para>The <code>\par</code> command differs from the <code>\paragraph</code> command in -that the latter is, like <code>\section</code> or <code>\subsection</code>, a -sectioning unit used by the standard &latex; documents. +<para>The <code>\par</code> command is not the same as the <code>\paragraph</code> +command. The latter is, like <code>\section</code> or <code>\subsection</code>, a +sectioning unit used by the standard &latex; documents +(<pxref label="_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph"><xrefnodename>\subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> -<para>The <code>\par</code> command differs from <code>\newline</code> and the line break -double backslash, <code>\\</code>, in that \par ends the paragraph not just -the line. It also triggers the addition of the between-paragraph -vertical space <code>\parskip</code> (<pxref label="_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip"><xrefnodename>\parindent & \parskip</xrefnodename></pxref>). +<para>The <code>\par</code> command is not the same as <code>\newline</code> or the line +break double backslash, <code>\\</code>. The difference is that <code>\par</code> +ends the paragraph, not just the line, and also triggers the addition of +the between-paragraph vertical space <code>\parskip</code> (<pxref label="_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip"><xrefnodename>\parindent +& \parskip</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> <para>The output from this example </para> @@ -10646,9 +10650,9 @@ subsequent marginal notes in the opposite margin to that given in the prior paragraph. Revert that to the default position with <code>\normalmarginpar</code>. </para> -<para>When you specify the optional argument <var>left</var> then it is used for a -note in the left margin, while the mandatory argument <var>right</var> is -used for a note in the the right margin. +<para>When you specify the optional argument <var>left</var> then it is used for +a note in the left margin, while the mandatory argument <var>right</var> is +used for a note in the right margin. </para> <para>Normally, a note&textrsquo;s first word will not be hyphenated. You can enable hyphenation there by beginning <var>left</var> or <var>right</var> with @@ -10940,7 +10944,7 @@ said otherwise, the commands for these symbols can be used only in math mode. To redefine a command so that it can be used whatever the current mode, see <ref label="_005censuremath"><xrefnodename>\ensuremath</xrefnodename></ref>. </para> -<!-- c xx Add Negation: @code{} for negations of relevant symbols --> +<!-- c xx Add Negation: for negations of relevant symbols --> <!-- c Useful: http://www.w3.org/TR/WD-math-970515/section6.html --> <ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> @@ -12414,12 +12418,172 @@ in both text and math mode. both text and math mode. </para></tableitem></tableentry></table> +<menu endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\smash</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Eliminate height or depth of a subformula. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Make empty box with the same size as the argument. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> + + +<node name="_005csmash" spaces=" "><nodename>\smash</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Spacing in math mode</nodeup></node> +<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\smash</code></sectiontitle> + +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="544">vertical spacing, math mode</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="545">math mode, vertical space</indexterm></cindex> + +<para>Synopsis: +</para> +<example endspaces=" "> +<pre xml:space="preserve">\smash{<var>subformula</var>} +</pre></example> + +<para>Typeset <var>subformula</var> as if its height and depth were zero. +</para> +<para>In this example the exponential is so tall that without the +<code>\smash</code> command &latex; would separate its line from the line +above it, and the uneven line spacing might be unsightly. +</para> +<example endspaces=" "> +<pre xml:space="preserve">To compute the tetration $\smash{2^{2^{2^2}}}$, +evaluate from the top down, as $2^{2^4}=2^{16}=65536$. +</pre></example> +<para>(Because of the <code>\smash</code> the printed expression could run into the +line above so you may want to wait until the final version of the +document to make such adjustments.) +</para> +<para>This pictures the effect of <code>\smash</code> by using <code>\fbox</code> to +surround the box that &latex; will put on the line. The +<code>\blackbar</code> command makes a bar extending from 10 points below +the baseline to 20 points above. +</para> +<example endspaces=" "> +<pre xml:space="preserve">\newcommand{\blackbar}{\rule[-10pt]{5pt}{30pt}} +\fbox{\blackbar} +\fbox{\smash{\blackbar}} +</pre></example> + +<para>The first box that &latex; places is 20 points high and +10 points deep. But the second box is treated by &latex; as +having zero height and zero depth, despite that the ink printed on the +page still extends well above and below the line. +</para> +<para>The <code>\smash</code> command appears often in mathematics to adjust the +size of an element that surrounds a subformula. Here the first radical +extends below the baseline while the second lies just on the baseline. +</para> +<example endspaces=" "> +<pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{equation} +\sqrt{\sum_{0\leq k< n} f(k)} +\sqrt{\vphantom{\sum}\smash{\sum_{0\leq k< n}} f(k)} +\end{equation} +</pre></example> + +<para>Note the use of <code>\vphantom</code> to give the <code>\sqrt</code> command an +argument with the height of the <code>\sum</code> (<pxref label="_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom"><xrefnodename>\phantom & \vphantom +& \hphantom</xrefnodename></pxref>). +</para> +<para>While most often used in mathematics, the <code>\smash</code> command can +appear in other contexts. However, it doesn&textrsquo;t change into horizontal +mode. So if it starts a paragraph then you should first put a +<code>\leavevmode</code>, as in the bottom line below. +</para> +<example endspaces=" "> +<pre xml:space="preserve">xxx xxx xxx + +\smash{yyy} % no paragraph indent + +\leavevmode\smash{zzz} % usual paragraph indent +</pre></example> + +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="546"><r>package</r>, <code>mathtools</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="547"><code>mathtools</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> + +<para>The package <code>mathtools</code> has operators that provide even finer +control over smashing a subformula box. +</para> + +</subsection> +<node name="_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom" spaces=" "><nodename>\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\smash</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spacing in math mode</nodeup></node> +<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\phantom</code> & <code>\vphantom</code> & <code>\hphantom</code></sectiontitle> + +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="548">spacing, math mode</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="549">horizontal spacing</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="550">vertical spacing</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="551">math mode, spacing</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="552">invisible character</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="553">character, invisible</indexterm></cindex> + +<para>Synopsis: +</para> +<example endspaces=" "> +<pre xml:space="preserve">\phantom{<var>subformula</var>} +</pre></example> + +<para>or +</para> +<example endspaces=" "> +<pre xml:space="preserve">\vphantom{<var>subformula</var>} +</pre></example> + +<para>or +</para> +<example endspaces=" "> +<pre xml:space="preserve">\hphantom{<var>subformula</var>} +</pre></example> + +<para>The <code>\phantom</code> command creates a box with the same height, depth, +and width as <var>subformula</var>, but empty. That is, this command causes +&latex; to typeset the box but not its ink. The <code>\vphantom</code> +variant also produces an invisible box with the same height and depth as +<var>subformula</var>, but it has width zero. And <code>\hphantom</code> makes a +box with the same width as <var>subformula</var> but with height and depth +zero. +</para> +<para>Without the <code>\vphantom</code> in this example, the top bars of the two +square roots would be at different heights. +</para> +<example endspaces=" "> +<pre xml:space="preserve">\( \sqrt{\vphantom{a^3}a}\cdot\sqrt{a^3} \) +</pre></example> + +<para>The <code>\vphantom{a^3}</code> causes the first <code>\sqrt</code> to have inside +it a box of the same height as the second <code>\sqrt</code>, so &latex; +makes the bars align. +</para> +<para>These commands often are combined with <code>\smash</code>. <xref label="_005csmash"><xrefnodename>\smash</xrefnodename></xref> +for another example of the use of <code>\vphantom</code>. +</para> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="554"><r>package</r>, <code>mathtools</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="555"><code>mathtools</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> + +<para>The three phantom commands appear often but note that &latex; provides +a suite of other commands to work with box sizes that may be more +convenient, including <code>\makebox</code> (<pxref label="_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox"><xrefnodename>\mbox & \makebox</xrefnodename></pxref>) as well +as <code>\settodepth</code> (<pxref label="_005csettodepth"><xrefnodename>\settodepth</xrefnodename></pxref>), <code>\settoheight</code> +(<pxref label="_005csettoheight"><xrefnodename>\settoheight</xrefnodename></pxref>), and <code>\settowidth</code> (<pxref label="_005csettowidth"><xrefnodename>\settowidth</xrefnodename></pxref>). +In addition, the <file>mathtools</file> package has many commands that offer +fine-grained control over spacing. +</para> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="556"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="557"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> + +<para>All three commands produce an ordinary box, without any special +mathematics status. So to do something like attaching a superscript you +should give it such a status, for example with the <code>\operatorname</code> +command from the package <file>amsmath</file>. +</para> +<para>While most often used in mathematics, these three can appear in other +contexts. However, they don&textrsquo;t cause &latex; to change into horizontal +mode. So if one of these starts a paragraph then you should prefix it +with <code>\leavevmode</code>. +</para> + +</subsection> </section> <node name="Math-miscellany" spaces=" "><nodename>Math miscellany</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Spacing in math mode</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Math miscellany</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="544">math miscellany</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="558">math miscellany</indexterm></cindex> <para>&latex; contains a wide variety of mathematics facilities. Here are some that don&textrsquo;t fit into other categories. @@ -12437,8 +12601,8 @@ some that don&textrsquo;t fit into other categories. <node name="Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon" spaces=" "><nodename trailingspaces=" ">Colon character & \colon</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\*</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Math miscellany</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Colon character <code>:</code> & <code>\colon</code></sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="545">:</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="546">colon character</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="559">:</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="560">colon character</indexterm></cindex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="812" mergedindex="cp">:</indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="813" mergedindex="cp">\colon</indexterm></findex> @@ -12455,16 +12619,16 @@ some that don&textrsquo;t fit into other categories. <pre xml:space="preserve">With side ratios \( 3:4 \) and \( 4:5 \), the triangle is right. </pre></example> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="547"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="548"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="561"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="562"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <noindent></noindent> <para>Ordinary &latex; defines <code>\colon</code> to produce the colon character with the spacing appropriate for punctuation, as in set-builder notation <code>\{x\colon 0\leq x<1\}</code>. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="549"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="550"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="563"><r>package</r>, <code>amsmath</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="564"><code>amsmath</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>But the widely-used <file>amsmath</file> package defines <code>\colon</code> for use in the definition of functions <code>f\colon D\to C</code>. So if you want @@ -12475,10 +12639,10 @@ the colon character as a punctuation then use <code>\mathpunct{:}< <node name="_005c_002a" spaces=" "><nodename trailingspaces=" ">\*</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\frac</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Colon character & \colon</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math miscellany</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\*</code></sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="551">multiplication, discretionary</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="552">breaks, multiplication discretionary</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="553">line breaks, multiplication discretionary</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="554">discretionary breaks, multiplication</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="565">multiplication, discretionary</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="566">breaks, multiplication discretionary</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="567">line breaks, multiplication discretionary</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="568">discretionary breaks, multiplication</indexterm></cindex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="814" mergedindex="cp">\*</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: @@ -12502,7 +12666,7 @@ break, followed by <code>\( A_3 A_4 \)</code>. <node name="_005cfrac" spaces=" "><nodename>\frac</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\left & \right</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\*</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math miscellany</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\frac</code> </sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="555">fraction</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="569">fraction</indexterm></cindex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="815" mergedindex="cp">\frac</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: @@ -12521,11 +12685,11 @@ mode it comes out small; see the discussion of <code>\displaystyle</code> <node name="_005cleft-_0026-_005cright" spaces=" "><nodename>\left & \right</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\sqrt</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\frac</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math miscellany</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\left</code> & <code>\right</code></sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="556">delimiters, paired</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="557">paired delimiters</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="558">matching parentheses</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="559">matching brackets</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="560">null delimiter</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="570">delimiters, paired</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="571">paired delimiters</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="572">matching parentheses</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="573">matching brackets</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="574">null delimiter</indexterm></cindex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="816" mergedindex="cp">\left</indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="817" mergedindex="cp">\right</indexterm></findex> @@ -12573,9 +12737,9 @@ backslash, <code>\{</code>. <node name="_005csqrt" spaces=" "><nodename>\sqrt</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\stackrel</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\left & \right</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math miscellany</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\sqrt</code></sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="561">square root</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="562">roots</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="563">radical</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="575">square root</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="576">roots</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="577">radical</indexterm></cindex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="818" mergedindex="cp">\sqrt</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis, one of: @@ -12599,8 +12763,8 @@ a large enough <code>arg</code>, it is vertical). <node name="_005cstackrel" spaces=" "><nodename>\stackrel</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\sqrt</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math miscellany</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\stackrel</code></sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="564">stack math</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="565">relation, text above</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="578">stack math</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="579">relation, text above</indexterm></cindex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="819" mergedindex="cp">\stackrel</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis, one of: @@ -12619,7 +12783,7 @@ arrow enter <code>\stackrel{f}{\longrightarrow}</cod <node name="Modes" spaces=" "><nodename>Modes</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Page styles</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> <chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Modes</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="566">modes</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="580">modes</indexterm></cindex> <para>As &latex; processes your document, at any point it is in one of six modes. They fall into three categories of two each, the horizontal @@ -12630,13 +12794,13 @@ the math modes), and error messages will refer to these. <itemize commandarg="bullet" endspaces=" "> <listitem><prepend>•</prepend> <anchor name="modes-paragraph-mode">modes paragraph mode</anchor> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="567">paragraph mode</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="581">paragraph mode</indexterm></cindex> <para><dfn>Paragraph mode</dfn> is what &latex; is in when processing ordinary text. It breaks the input text into lines and breaks the lines into pages. This is the mode &latex; is in most of the time. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="568">left-to-right mode</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="569">LR mode</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="582">left-to-right mode</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="583">LR mode</indexterm></cindex> <anchor name="modes-lr-mode">modes lr mode</anchor> <para><dfn>LR mode</dfn> (for left-to-right mode; in plain &tex; this is called <dfn>restricted horizontal mode</dfn>) is in effect when &latex; starts @@ -12649,24 +12813,24 @@ that box into a line, it could very well complain that the finished LR box won&textrsquo;t fit there.) </para> </listitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="570">math mode</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="584">math mode</indexterm></cindex> <anchor name="modes-math-mode">modes math mode</anchor> <para><dfn>Math mode</dfn> is when &latex; is generating an inline mathematical formula. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="571">display math mode</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="585">display math mode</indexterm></cindex> <para><dfn>Display math mode</dfn> is when &latex; is generating a displayed mathematical formula. (Displayed formulas differ somewhat from inline ones. One example is that the placement of the subscript on <code>\int</code> differs in the two situations.) </para> </listitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="572">vertical mode</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="586">vertical mode</indexterm></cindex> <anchor name="modes-vertical-mode">modes vertical mode</anchor> <para><dfn>Vertical mode</dfn> is when &latex; is building the list of lines and other material making the output page. This is the mode &latex; is in when it starts a document. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="573">internal vertical mode</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="587">internal vertical mode</indexterm></cindex> <anchor name="modes-internal-vertical-mode">modes internal vertical mode</anchor> <para><dfn>Internal vertical mode</dfn> is in effect when &latex; starts making a <code>\vbox</code>. This is the vertical analogue of LR mode. @@ -12681,11 +12845,11 @@ mode, then the next switch happens at the <samp>\(</samp> where &latex; changes to math mode, and then when it leaves the formula it pops back to paragraph mode. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="574">inner paragraph mode</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="575">outer paragraph mode</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="588">inner paragraph mode</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="589">outer paragraph mode</indexterm></cindex> <anchor name="modes-inner-paragraph-mode">modes inner paragraph mode</anchor> <anchor name="modes-outer-paragraph-mode">modes outer paragraph mode</anchor> -<para>Paragraph mode has two subcases. If you use a <code>\parbox</code> command or +<para>Paragraph mode has two subcases. If you use a <code>\parbox</code> command or a <code>minipage</code> then &latex; is put into paragraph mode. But it will not put a page break here. Inside one of these boxes, called a <dfn>parbox</dfn>, &latex; is in <dfn>inner paragraph mode</dfn>. Its more usual @@ -12693,7 +12857,7 @@ situation, where it can put page breaks, is <dfn>outer paragraph mode</dfn> (<pxref label="Page-breaking"><xrefnodename>Page breaking</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> <menu endspaces=" "> -<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\ensuremath</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Ensure that math mode is active +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\ensuremath</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Ensure that math mode is active. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> <node name="_005censuremath" spaces=" "><nodename>\ensuremath</nodename><nodeup automatic="on">Modes</nodeup></node> @@ -12732,8 +12896,8 @@ But compare the correct spacing in $\alf+\alf$ with that in \alf+\alf. <node name="Page-styles" spaces=" "><nodename>Page styles</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Spaces</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Modes</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> <chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Page styles</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="576">styles, page</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="577">page styles</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="590">styles, page</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="591">page styles</indexterm></cindex> <para>The style of a page determines where &latex; places the components of that page, such as headers and footers, and the text body. This @@ -12741,8 +12905,8 @@ includes pages in the main part of the document but also includes special pages such as the title page of a book, a page from an index, or the first page of an article. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="578"><r>package</r>, <code>fancyhdr</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="579"><code>fancyhdr</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="592"><r>package</r>, <code>fancyhdr</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="593"><code>fancyhdr</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>The package <file>fancyhdr</file> is very helpful for constructing page styles. See its documentation on CTAN. @@ -12758,7 +12922,7 @@ styles. See its documentation on CTAN. <node name="_005cmaketitle" spaces=" "><nodename>\maketitle</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\pagenumbering</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Page styles</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\maketitle</code></sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="580">titles, making</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="594">titles, making</indexterm></cindex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="820" mergedindex="cp">\maketitle</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: @@ -12803,7 +12967,7 @@ the following declarations. These must come before the </para> <ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> <tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="821" mergedindex="cp">\author{<var>name1</var> \and <var>name2</var> \and ...}</indexterm>\author{<var>name1</var> \and <var>name2</var> \and ...}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="581">author, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="595">author, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="822" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>for <code>\author</code></r></indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="823" mergedindex="cp">\and <r>for <code>\author</code></r></indexterm></findex> <para>Required. Declare the document author or authors. The argument is a @@ -12814,22 +12978,23 @@ the <code>\author</code> declaration then you get <samp>LaTeX Warning: No \author given</samp>. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="824" mergedindex="cp">\date{<var>text</var>}</indexterm>\date{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="582">date, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="596">date, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex> <para>Optional. Declare <var>text</var> to be the document&textrsquo;s date. The <var>text</var> doesn&textrsquo;t need to be in a date format; it can be any text at all. If you omit <code>\date</code> then &latex; uses the current date (<pxref label="_005ctoday"><xrefnodename>\today</xrefnodename></pxref>). To have no date, instead use <code>\date{}</code>. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="825" mergedindex="cp">\thanks{<var>text</var>}</indexterm>\thanks{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="583">thanks, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="584">credit footnote</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="597">thanks, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="598">credit footnote</indexterm></cindex> <para>Optional. Produce a footnote. You can use it in the author information -for acknowledgements, as illustrated below, but you can also use it in -the title, or any place a footnote makes sense. It can be any text so -you can use it to print an email address, or for any purpose. +for acknowledgements as illustrated above, but you can also use it in +the title, or any place a footnote makes sense. It can be any text at +all so you can use it for any purpose, such as to print an email +address. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="826" mergedindex="cp">\title{<var>text</var>}</indexterm>\title{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="585">title, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="599">title, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="827" mergedindex="cp">\\ <r>for <code>\title</code></r></indexterm></findex> <para>Required. Declare <var>text</var> to be the title of the document. Get line breaks inside <var>text</var> with a double backslash, <code>\\</code>. If you @@ -12838,11 +13003,11 @@ omit the <code>\title</code> declaration then you get <samp>LaTeX Error: No </para> </tableitem></tableentry></ftable> -<para>Many publishers will provide a class to use in place of <code>article</code> -in that example, that formats the title according to their house -requirements. To make your own, see <ref label="titlepage"><xrefnodename>titlepage</xrefnodename></ref>. You can -either create this as a one-off or you can include it as part of a -renewed <code>\maketitle</code> command. +<para>To make your own title page, see <ref label="titlepage"><xrefnodename>titlepage</xrefnodename></ref>. You can either +create this as a one-off or you can include it as part of a renewed +<code>\maketitle</code> command. (Many publishers will provide a class to use +in place of <code>article</code> that formats the title according to their +house requirements.) </para> </section> @@ -12850,7 +13015,7 @@ renewed <code>\maketitle</code> command. <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\pagenumbering</code></sectiontitle> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="828" mergedindex="cp">\pagenumbering</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="586">page numbering style</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="600">page numbering style</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -12879,7 +13044,7 @@ also <ref label="_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005 </para> <table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> <tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">arabic</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><para>arabic numerals: 1, 2, &dots; +</tableterm><tableitem><para>Arabic numerals: 1, 2, &dots; </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">roman</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>lowercase Roman numerals: i, ii, &dots; @@ -12896,8 +13061,8 @@ get <samp>LaTeX Error: Counter too large</samp>. get <samp>LaTeX Error: Counter too large</samp>. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">gobble</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="587"><r>package</r>, <code>hyperref</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="588"><code>hyperref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="601"><r>package</r>, <code>hyperref</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="602"><code>hyperref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>&latex; does not output a page number, although it does get reset. References to that page also are blank. (This does not work with the popular package <file>hyperref</file> so to have the page number @@ -12922,9 +13087,9 @@ number then you will manipulate the <code>page</code> counter <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\pagestyle</code></sectiontitle> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="829" mergedindex="cp">\pagestyle</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="589">header style</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="590">footer style</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="591">running header and footer style</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="603">header style</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="604">footer style</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="605">running header and footer style</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -12935,8 +13100,8 @@ number then you will manipulate the <code>page</code> counter <para>Declaration that specifies how the page headers and footers are typeset, from the current page onwards. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="592"><r>package</r>, <code>fancyhdr</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="593"><code>fancyhdr</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="606"><r>package</r>, <code>fancyhdr</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="607"><code>fancyhdr</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>A discussion with an example is below. Note first that the package <file>fancyhdr</file> is now the standard way to manipulate headers and @@ -13029,7 +13194,7 @@ the last one that came before that page. <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\thispagestyle</code></sectiontitle> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="832" mergedindex="cp">\thispagestyle</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="594">page style, this page</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="608">page style, this page</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -13044,7 +13209,7 @@ or environments. </para> <para>Often the first page of a chapter or section has a different style. For example, this &latex; book document has the first page of the first -chapter in in <code>plain</code> style, as is the default (<pxref label="Page-styles"><xrefnodename>Page +chapter in <code>plain</code> style, as is the default (<pxref label="Page-styles"><xrefnodename>Page styles</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> <example endspaces=" "> @@ -13069,8 +13234,8 @@ To make the page entirely empty, the command <node name="Spaces" spaces=" "><nodename>Spaces</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Boxes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Page styles</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> <chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Spaces</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="595">spaces</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="596">white space</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="609">spaces</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="610">white space</indexterm></cindex> <para>&latex; has many ways to produce white (or filled) space. Some of these are best suited to mathematical text; see <ref label="Spacing-in-math-mode"><xrefnodename>Spacing in @@ -13205,8 +13370,8 @@ space won&textrsquo;t shrink more than 0.25<dmn>cm</dmn> (<pxref label="Lengths" <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="837" mergedindex="cp">\hfill</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="597">stretch, infinite horizontal</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="598">infinite horizontal stretch</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="611">stretch, infinite horizontal</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="612">infinite horizontal stretch</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -13252,9 +13417,9 @@ so the space can be discarded at line breaks. To avoid that instead use <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\hss</code></sectiontitle> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="839" mergedindex="cp">\hss</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="599">horizontal space</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="600">horizontal space, stretchable</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="601">space, inserting horizontal</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="613">horizontal space</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="614">horizontal space, stretchable</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="615">space, inserting horizontal</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -13360,9 +13525,9 @@ then you have probably tried to redefine an internal command. <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="841" mergedindex="cp">\&arobase;</indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="842" mergedindex="cp">at-sign</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="602">period, sentence-ending</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="603">period, abbreviation-ending</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="604">period, spacing after</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="616">period, sentence-ending</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="617">period, abbreviation-ending</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="618">period, spacing after</indexterm></cindex> <anchor name="_005cAT">\AT</anchor><!-- c old name --> <para>Synopsis: @@ -13425,7 +13590,7 @@ Examples are <code>Nat.\ Acad.\ Science</code>, and <code>Mr.~Bean</code>, and <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="843" mergedindex="cp">\frenchspacing</indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="844" mergedindex="cp">\nonfrenchspacing</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="605">spacing, inter-sentence</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="619">spacing, inter-sentence</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis, one of: </para> @@ -13452,7 +13617,7 @@ spaces are treated equally. <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\normalsfcodes</code></sectiontitle> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="845" mergedindex="cp">\normalsfcodes</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="606">spacing, inter-sentence</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="620">spacing, inter-sentence</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -13469,9 +13634,9 @@ spaces are treated equally. <node name="_005c_0028SPACE_0029" spaces=" "><nodename trailingspaces=" ">\(SPACE)</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">~</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\spacefactor</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Backslash-space, <code>\ </code></sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="607">\NEWLINE</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="608">\SPACE</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="609">\TAB</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="621">\NEWLINE</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="622">\SPACE</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="623">\TAB</indexterm></cindex> <para>This section refers to the command consisting of two characters, a backslash followed by a space. Synopsis: @@ -13483,35 +13648,35 @@ backslash followed by a space. Synopsis: <para>Produce a space. By default it produces white space of length 3.33333<dmn>pt</dmn> plus 1.66666<dmn>pt</dmn> minus 1.11111<dmn>pt</dmn>. </para> -<para>A blank is not a space. When you type a blank between words, &latex; -produces white space. That&textrsquo;s different from an explicit space. This -illustrates. +<para>When you type one or more blanks between words, &latex; produces white +space. But that is different than an explicit space. This illustrates. </para> <example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{tabular}{l} +One blank: makes some space \\ Three blanks: in a row \\ Three spaces:\ \ \ in a row \\ \end{tabular} </pre></example> <noindent></noindent> -<para>On the first line &latex; collapses the three blanks to output one -whitespace (it would be the same with a single blank or, for instance, -with a blank and an tab and a blank, or a blank and a newline and a -blank). But the second line asks for three spaces so the white area is -wider. Thus, the backslash-space command will create some horizontal -space. (But the best way to create horizontal space is with -<code>\hspace</code>; <xref label="_005chspace"><xrefnodename>\hspace</xrefnodename></xref>.) -</para> -<para>The backslash-space command has two main uses. First, it is often used -after control sequences to keep them from gobbling the space that -follows, as in <code>\TeX\ is nice</code>. (But the approach of using curly -parentheses, as in <code>\TeX{} is nice</code>, has the advantage of still -working if the next character is a period.) -</para> -<para>The second common use is that -it mark a period as ending an abbreviation instead of ending -a sentence, as in <code>So says Prof.\ Smith</code> (<pxref label="_005c_0040"><xrefnodename>\&arobase;</xrefnodename></pxref>). +<para>On the first line &latex; puts some space after the colon. On the +second line &latex; collapses the three blanks to output one +whitespace, so you end with the same space after the colon as in the +first line. &latex; would similarly collapse a blank followed by a +tab, or a blank and a newline and a blank. However, the bottom line +asks for three spaces so the white area is wider. That is, the +backslash-space command creates a fixed amount of horizontal space. +(Note that you can define a horizontal space of any width at all with +<code>\hspace</code>; see <ref label="_005chspace"><xrefnodename>\hspace</xrefnodename></ref>.) +</para> +<para>The backslash-space command has two main uses. It is often used after +control sequences to keep them from gobbling the space that follows, as +in <code>\TeX\ is nice</code>. (But using curly parentheses, as in +<code>\TeX{} is best</code>, has the advantage of still working if the next +character is a period.) The other common use is that it marks a period +as ending an abbreviation instead of ending a sentence, as in <code>So +says Prof.\ Smith</code> (<pxref label="_005c_0040"><xrefnodename>\&arobase;</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> <para>Under normal circumstances, <code>\</code><key>tab</key> and <code>\</code><key>newline</key> are equivalent to backslash-space, <code>\ </code>. @@ -13526,10 +13691,10 @@ are equivalent to backslash-space, <code>\ </code>. <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>~</code></sectiontitle> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="846" mergedindex="cp">~</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="610">tie</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="611">space, hard</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="612">space, unbreakable</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="613">NBSP</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="624">tie</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="625">space, hard</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="626">space, unbreakable</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="627">NBSP</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -13565,8 +13730,8 @@ here are some usage models, many of them from the &tex;book. <code>Figure~\ref{fig:KGraph}</code>. When cases are enumerated inline: <code>(b)~Show that $f(x)$ is (1)~continuous, and (2)~bounded</code>. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="614"><r>package</r>, <code>siunitx</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="615"><code>siunitx</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="628"><r>package</r>, <code>siunitx</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="629"><code>siunitx</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> </listitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend> <para>Between a number and its unit: <code>$745.7.8$~watts</code> (the @@ -13610,10 +13775,10 @@ said~--- plausible</code>. <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="847" mergedindex="cp">\thinspace</indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="848" mergedindex="cp">\negthinspace</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="616">thin space</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="617">space, thin</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="618">thin space, negative</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="619">space, negative thin</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="630">thin space</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="631">space, thin</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="632">thin space, negative</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="633">space, negative thin</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis, one of: </para> @@ -13647,7 +13812,7 @@ use is between initials, as in <code>D.\thinspace E.\ Knuth</code>. <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\/</code></sectiontitle> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="849" mergedindex="cp">\/</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="620">italic correction</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="634">italic correction</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -13860,7 +14025,7 @@ with <samp>def</samp>. <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\strut</code></sectiontitle> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="858" mergedindex="cp">\strut</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="621">strut</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="635">strut</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -13919,16 +14084,16 @@ item&textrsquo;s second line. </pre></example> <noindent></noindent> -<para>The final two lists use <code>fbox</code> to show what&textrsquo;s happening. The third -list&textrsquo;s <code>\parbox</code> goes only to the bottom of its second <samp>test</samp>, -which happens not have any characters that descend below the baseline. -The fourth list adds the strut that gives the needed extra -below-baseline space. +<para>The final two lists use <code>\fbox</code> to show what&textrsquo;s happening. The +third list&textrsquo;s <code>\parbox</code> goes only to the bottom of its second +<samp>test</samp>, which happens not have any characters that descend below +the baseline. The fourth list adds the strut that gives the needed +extra below-baseline space. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="622"><r>package</r>, <code>TikZ</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="623"><code>TikZ</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> - <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="624"><r>package</r>, <code>Asymptote</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="625"><code>Asymptote</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="636"><r>package</r>, <code>TikZ</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="637"><code>TikZ</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> + <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="638"><r>package</r>, <code>Asymptote</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="639"><code>Asymptote</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>\strut</code> command is often useful in graphics, such as in <file>TikZ</file> or <file>Asymptote</file>. For instance, you may have a command @@ -13965,8 +14130,8 @@ integral would still hit the line.) <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\vspace</code></sectiontitle> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="859" mergedindex="cp">\vspace</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="626">vertical space</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="627">space, vertical</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="640">vertical space</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="641">space, vertical</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis, one of: </para> @@ -14033,8 +14198,8 @@ the page, with at least one inch of space below each. <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="860" mergedindex="cp">\vfill</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="628">stretch, infinite vertical</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="629">infinite vertical stretch</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="642">stretch, infinite vertical</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="643">infinite vertical stretch</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -14073,8 +14238,8 @@ Lost Dog! <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\addvspace</code></sectiontitle> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="861" mergedindex="cp">\addvspace</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="630">vertical space</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="631">space, inserting vertical</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="644">vertical space</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="645">space, inserting vertical</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -14133,8 +14298,9 @@ with a <code>\par</code> command (<pxref label="_005cpar"><xrefnodename>\par</xr <node name="Boxes" spaces=" "><nodename>Boxes</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Color</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Spaces</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> <chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Boxes</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="632">boxes</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="646">boxes</indexterm></cindex> +<!-- c xx Expand on boxes and glue, for xref from elsewhere. --> <para>At its core, &latex; puts things in boxes and then puts the boxes on a page. So these commands are central. </para> @@ -14157,9 +14323,9 @@ One useful adjunct to the commands here is <file>adjustbox</file>. <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="862" mergedindex="cp">\mbox</indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="863" mergedindex="cp">\makebox</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="633">box</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="634">make a box</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="635">hyphenation, preventing</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="647">box</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="648">make a box</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="649">hyphenation, preventing</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis, one of: </para> @@ -14170,7 +14336,7 @@ One useful adjunct to the commands here is <file>adjustbox</file>. \makebox[<var>width</var>][<var>position</var>]{<var>text</var>} </pre></example> -<para>Create a box, a container for material. The <var>text</var> is is typeset in +<para>Create a box, a container for material. The <var>text</var> is typeset in LR mode (<pxref label="Modes"><xrefnodename>Modes</xrefnodename></pxref>) so it is not broken into lines. The <code>\mbox</code> command is robust, while <code>\makebox</code> is fragile (<pxref label="_005cprotect"><xrefnodename>\protect</xrefnodename></pxref>). @@ -14248,11 +14414,11 @@ puts the value of the quiz questions to the left of those questions. </pre></example> <noindent></noindent> -<para><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="636"><r>package</r>, <code>TikZ</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="637"><code>TikZ</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<para><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="650"><r>package</r>, <code>TikZ</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="651"><code>TikZ</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="638"><r>package</r>, <code>Asymptote</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="639"><code>Asymptote</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="652"><r>package</r>, <code>Asymptote</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="653"><code>Asymptote</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>The right edge of the output <samp>10 points </samp> (note the ending space) will be just before the <samp>What</samp> (note the space after @@ -14327,7 +14493,7 @@ here is an example creating an empty box that is 1/4<dmn>in</dmn> wide. </beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="866" mergedindex="cp">\fboxrule</indexterm>\fboxrule</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="867" mergedindex="cp">frame, line width</indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="868" mergedindex="cp">frame rule width</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="640">\fboxrule</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="654">\fboxrule</indexterm></cindex> <para>The thickness of the lines around the enclosed box. The default is 0.2<dmn>pt</dmn>. Change it with a command such as <code>\setlength{\fboxrule}{0.8pt}</code> (<pxref label="_005csetlength"><xrefnodename>\setlength</xrefnodename></pxref>). @@ -14335,7 +14501,7 @@ here is an example creating an empty box that is 1/4<dmn>in</dmn> wide. <anchor name="fbox-framebox-fboxsep">fbox framebox fboxsep</anchor> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="869" mergedindex="cp">\fboxsep</indexterm>\fboxsep</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="870" mergedindex="cp">frame, separation from contents</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="641">\fboxsep</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="655">\fboxsep</indexterm></cindex> <para>The distance from the frame to the enclosed box. The default is 3<dmn>pt</dmn>. Change it with a command such as <code>\setlength{\fboxsep}{0pt}</code> (<pxref label="_005csetlength"><xrefnodename>\setlength</xrefnodename></pxref>). Setting it to 0<dmn>pt</dmn> is useful sometimes: @@ -14376,8 +14542,8 @@ units depend on <code>picture</code>&textrsquo;s <code>\unitlength</code> (<pxre <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\parbox</code></sectiontitle> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="871" mergedindex="cp">\parbox</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="642">paragraph mode</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="643">paragraph, in a box</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="656">paragraph mode</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="657">paragraph, in a box</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopses, one of: </para> @@ -14506,7 +14672,7 @@ second is the height of <file>meta.png</file>. <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="873" mergedindex="cp">\sbox</indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="874" mergedindex="cp">\savebox</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="644">box, save</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="658">box, save</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis, one of: </para> @@ -14641,7 +14807,7 @@ and <code>\savebox</code> commands, and is equivalent to them. <xref label="_005 <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\usebox</code></sectiontitle> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="876" mergedindex="cp">\usebox</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="645">box, use saved box</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="659">box, use saved box</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -14661,14 +14827,14 @@ robust (<pxref label="_005cprotect"><xrefnodename>\protect</xrefnodename></pxref <node name="Color" spaces=" "><nodename>Color</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Graphics</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Boxes</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> <chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Color</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="646">color</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="660">color</indexterm></cindex> <para>You can add color to text, rules, etc. You can also have color in a box or on an entire page and write text on top of it. </para> -<para>Color support comes as an additional package. So all the commands below -will only work if your document preamble contains -<code>\usepackage{color}</code>, that brings in the standard package. +<para>Color support comes as an additional package. So put +<code>\usepackage{color}</code> in your document preamble to use the +commands described here. </para> <para>Many other packages also supplement &latex;&textrsquo;s color abilities. Particularly worth mentioning is <file>xcolor</file>, which is widely used and @@ -14685,8 +14851,8 @@ significantly extends the capabilities described here, including adding <node name="Color-package-options" spaces=" "><nodename>Color package options</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Color models</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Color</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>color</code> package options</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="647">color package options</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="648">options, color package</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="661">color package options</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="662">options, color package</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis (must be in the document preamble): </para> @@ -14736,7 +14902,7 @@ memory space. <node name="Color-models" spaces=" "><nodename>Color models</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Commands for color</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Color package options</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Color</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Color models</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="649">color models</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="663">color models</indexterm></cindex> <para>A <dfn>color model</dfn> is a way of representing colors. &latex;&textrsquo;s capabilities depend on the printer driver. However, the <file>pdftex</file>, @@ -14797,7 +14963,7 @@ names depends on the driver, but all support the names <samp>black</samp>, <node name="Commands-for-color" spaces=" "><nodename>Commands for color</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Color models</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Color</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Commands for color</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="650">color package commands</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="664">color package commands</indexterm></cindex> <para>These are the commands available with the <file>color</file> package. </para> @@ -14812,9 +14978,9 @@ names depends on the driver, but all support the names <samp>black</samp>, <node name="Define-colors" spaces=" "><nodename>Define colors</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Colored text</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Commands for color</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Define colors</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="651">color</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="652">define color</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="653">color, define</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="665">color</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="666">define color</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="667">color, define</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -14848,8 +15014,8 @@ or style, rather than in the document body. <node name="Colored-text" spaces=" "><nodename>Colored text</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Colored boxes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Define colors</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Commands for color</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Colored text</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="654">color</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="655">colored text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="668">color</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="669">colored text</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopses: </para> @@ -14950,9 +15116,9 @@ numbers, <code>gray</code> takes only one. <node name="Colored-boxes" spaces=" "><nodename>Colored boxes</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Colored pages</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Colored text</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Commands for color</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Colored boxes</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="656">color</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="657">colored boxes</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="658">box, colored</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="670">color</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="671">colored boxes</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="672">box, colored</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopses: </para> @@ -15006,10 +15172,10 @@ of the second line. <node name="Colored-pages" spaces=" "><nodename>Colored pages</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Colored boxes</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Commands for color</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Colored pages</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="659">color</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="660">colored page</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="661">page, colored</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="662">background, colored</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="673">color</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="674">colored page</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="675">page, colored</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="676">background, colored</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopses: </para> @@ -15040,8 +15206,8 @@ rather than the default transparent background.) <node name="Graphics" spaces=" "><nodename>Graphics</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Special insertions</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Color</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> <chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Graphics</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="663">graphics</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="664">graphics package</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="677">graphics</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="678">graphics package</indexterm></cindex> <para>You can use graphics such as PNG or PDF files in your &latex; document. You need an additional package, which comes standard with &latex;. @@ -15090,8 +15256,8 @@ see their documentation on CTAN. <node name="Graphics-package-options" spaces=" "><nodename>Graphics package options</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Graphics package configuration</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Graphics</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>graphics</code> package options</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="665">graphics package options</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="666">options, graphics package</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="679">graphics package options</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="680">options, graphics package</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis (must be in the document preamble): </para> @@ -15171,14 +15337,14 @@ option has &latex; to read the size from the latter. <node name="Graphics-package-configuration" spaces=" "><nodename>Graphics package configuration</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Commands for graphics</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Graphics package options</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Graphics</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>graphics</code> package configuration</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="667">graphics</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="668">graphics package</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="669">configuration, graphics package</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="670">EPS files</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="671">JPEG files</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="672">JPG files</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="673">PDF graphic files</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="674">PNG files</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="681">graphics</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="682">graphics package</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="683">configuration, graphics package</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="684">EPS files</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="685">JPEG files</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="686">JPG files</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="687">PDF graphic files</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="688">PNG files</indexterm></cindex> <para>These commands configure the way &latex; searches the file system for the graphic. @@ -15398,7 +15564,7 @@ file. This is very often left blank. This command must start with a single backward quote. Thus, <code>\DeclareGraphicsRule{.eps.gz}{eps}{.eps.bb}{`gunzip -c #1}</code> specifies that any file with the extension <file>.eps.gz</file> should -be treated as an <code>eps</code> file, with the the BoundingBox information +be treated as an <code>eps</code> file, with the BoundingBox information stored in the file with extension <file>.eps.bb</file>, and that the command <code>gunzip -c</code> will run on your platform to decompresses the file. </para> @@ -15414,8 +15580,8 @@ See the documentation for your &tex; distribution. <node name="Commands-for-graphics" spaces=" "><nodename>Commands for graphics</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Graphics package configuration</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Graphics</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Commands for graphics</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="675">graphics package commands</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="676">commands, graphics package</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="689">graphics package commands</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="690">commands, graphics package</indexterm></cindex> <para>These are the commands available with the <file>graphics</file> and <file>graphicx</file> packages. @@ -15431,15 +15597,15 @@ See the documentation for your &tex; distribution. <node name="_005cincludegraphics" spaces=" "><nodename>\includegraphics</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\rotatebox</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Commands for graphics</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\includegraphics</code></sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="677">graphics</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="678">graphics package</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="679">including graphics</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="680">importing graphics</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="681">EPS files</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="682">JPEG files</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="683">JPG files</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="684">PDF graphic files</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="685">PNG files</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="691">graphics</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="692">graphics package</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="693">including graphics</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="694">importing graphics</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="695">EPS files</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="696">JPEG files</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="697">JPG files</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="698">PDF graphic files</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="699">PNG files</indexterm></cindex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="880" mergedindex="cp">\includegraphics</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopses for <file>graphics</file> package: @@ -15830,18 +15996,18 @@ external commands. <node name="_005crotatebox" spaces=" "><nodename>\rotatebox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\scalebox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\includegraphics</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Commands for graphics</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\rotatebox</code></sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="686">rotation</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="687">rotating graphics</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="688">rotating text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="700">rotation</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="701">rotating graphics</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="702">rotating text</indexterm></cindex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="881" mergedindex="cp">\rotatebox</indexterm></findex> -<para>Synopsis for <file>graphics</file> package: +<para>Synopsis if you use the <file>graphics</file> package: </para> <example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\rotatebox{<var>angle</var>}{<var>material</var>} </pre></example> -<para>Synopses for <file>graphicx</file> package: +<para>Synopses if you use the <file>graphicx</file> package: </para> <example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\rotatebox{<var>angle</var>}{<var>material</var>} @@ -15878,10 +16044,11 @@ bounding box, in its new position, is what &latex; uses as the box when typesetting this material. </para> <para>If you use the <file>graphics</file> package then the rotation is about the -reference point of the box. If you use the <file>graphicx</file> package then -then these are the options that can go in the <var>key-value list</var>, but -note that you can get the same effect without needing this package, -except for the <code>x</code> and <code>y</code> options (<pxref label="_005cincludegraphics"><xrefnodename>\includegraphics</xrefnodename></pxref>). +reference point of the box. If you use the <file>graphicx</file> package +then these are the options that can go in the <var>key-value list</var>, +but note that you can get the same effect without needing this +package, except for the <code>x</code> and <code>y</code> options +(<pxref label="_005cincludegraphics"><xrefnodename>\includegraphics</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> <table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> <tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">origin</itemformat></item> @@ -15891,16 +16058,16 @@ left, <code>r</code> for right, <code>b</code> for bottom, <code>c</code> for ce <code>t</code> for top, and <code>B</code> for baseline. Thus, the first line here </para> <example endspaces=" "> -<pre xml:space="preserve">\includegraphics[angle=180,origin=c]{moon} -\includegraphics[angle=180,origin=lB]{LeBateau} +<pre xml:space="preserve">\rotatebox[origin=c]{180}{moon} +\rotatebox[origin=lB]{180}{LeBateau} </pre></example> <noindent></noindent> <para>will turn the picture upside down from the center while the second will turn its picture upside down about its left baseline. (The character <code>c</code> gives the horizontal center in <code>bc</code> or <code>tc</code> but gives -the vertical center in <code>lc</code> or <code>rc</code>.) The default is -<code>lB</code>. +the vertical center in <code>lc</code> or <code>rc</code>, and gives both in +<code>c</code>.) The default is <code>lB</code>. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">x, y</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Specify an arbitrary point of rotation with @@ -15920,12 +16087,12 @@ setting <code>units=6.283185</code> changes to radians counterclockwise. <node name="_005cscalebox" spaces=" "><nodename>\scalebox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\resizebox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\rotatebox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Commands for graphics</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\scalebox</code></sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="689">graphics, scaling</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="690">graphics, resizing</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="691">scaling</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="692">resizing</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="693">text, scaling</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="694">text, resizing</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="703">graphics, scaling</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="704">graphics, resizing</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="705">scaling</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="706">resizing</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="707">text, scaling</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="708">text, resizing</indexterm></cindex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="882" mergedindex="cp">\scalebox</indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="883" mergedindex="cp">\reflectbox</indexterm></findex> @@ -15970,12 +16137,12 @@ immediately followed by its mirror reflection. <node name="_005cresizebox" spaces=" "><nodename>\resizebox</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\scalebox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Commands for graphics</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\resizebox</code></sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="695">graphics, scaling</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="696">graphics, resizing</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="697">scaling</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="698">resizing</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="699">text, scaling</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="700">text, resizing</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="709">graphics, scaling</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="710">graphics, resizing</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="711">scaling</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="712">resizing</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="713">text, scaling</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="714">text, resizing</indexterm></cindex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="884" mergedindex="cp">\resizebox</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopses: @@ -16015,8 +16182,8 @@ text two inches wide but keep the original height with <node name="Special-insertions" spaces=" "><nodename>Special insertions</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Splitting the input</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Graphics</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> <chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Special insertions</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="701">special insertions</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="702">insertions of special characters</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="715">special insertions</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="716">insertions of special characters</indexterm></cindex> <para>&latex; provides commands for inserting characters that have a special meaning do not correspond to simple characters you can type. @@ -16036,10 +16203,10 @@ special meaning do not correspond to simple characters you can type. <node name="Reserved-characters" spaces=" "><nodename>Reserved characters</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Upper and lower case</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Reserved characters</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="703">reserved characters</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="704">characters, reserved</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="705">special characters</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="706">characters, special</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="717">reserved characters</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="718">characters, reserved</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="719">special characters</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="720">characters, special</indexterm></cindex> <para>&latex; sets aside the following characters for special purposes. For example, the percent sign <code>%</code> is for comments. They are called <dfn>reserved characters</dfn> or <dfn>special characters</dfn>. @@ -16085,9 +16252,9 @@ there to split the lines). <node name="Upper-and-lower-case" spaces=" "><nodename>Upper and lower case</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Symbols by font position</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Reserved characters</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Upper and lower case</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="707">uppercase</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="708">lowercase</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="709">characters, case of</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="721">uppercase</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="722">lowercase</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="723">characters, case of</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -16130,15 +16297,15 @@ you need to do expansion. Here the <code>\Schoolname</code> produces <w> </w>\expandafter{\schoolname}} </pre></example> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="710"><r>package</r>, <code>textcase</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="711"><code>textcase</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="724"><r>package</r>, <code>textcase</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="725"><code>textcase</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>The <file>textcase</file> package brings some of the missing feature of the standard &latex; commands <code>\MakeUppercase</code> and <code>\MakeLowerCase</code>. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="712"><r>package</r>, <code>mfirstuc</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="713"><code>mfirstuc</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="726"><r>package</r>, <code>mfirstuc</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="727"><code>mfirstuc</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>To uppercase only the first letter of words, you can use the package <file>mfirstuc</file>. @@ -16149,8 +16316,8 @@ standard &latex; commands <code>\MakeUppercase</code> and <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Symbols by font position</sectiontitle> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="895" mergedindex="cp">\symbol</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="714">accessing any character of a font</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="715">font symbols, by number</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="728">accessing any character of a font</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="729">font symbols, by number</indexterm></cindex> <para>You can access any character of the current font using its number with the <code>\symbol</code> command. For example, the visible space character @@ -16167,8 +16334,8 @@ example could also be written as <code>\symbol{'40}</code> or <node name="Text-symbols" spaces=" "><nodename>Text symbols</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Accents</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Symbols by font position</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Text symbols</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="716">text symbols</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="717">symbols, text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="730">text symbols</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="731">symbols, text</indexterm></cindex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="896" mergedindex="cp">textcomp <r>package</r></indexterm></findex> <para>&latex; provides commands to generate a number of non-letter symbols in @@ -16179,148 +16346,148 @@ you may need to load the <code>textcomp</code> package. <ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> <tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="897" mergedindex="cp">\copyright</indexterm>\copyright</itemformat></item> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="898" mergedindex="cp">\textcopyright</indexterm>\textcopyright</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="718">copyright symbol</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="732">copyright symbol</indexterm></cindex> <para>©right; The copyright symbol. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="899" mergedindex="cp">\dag</indexterm>\dag</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="719">dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="733">dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para><U>2020</U> The dagger symbol (in text). </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="900" mergedindex="cp">\ddag</indexterm>\ddag</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="720">double dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="734">double dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para><U>2021</U> The double dagger symbol (in text). </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="901" mergedindex="cp">\LaTeX</indexterm>\LaTeX</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="721">&latex; logo</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="722">logo, &latex;</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="735">&latex; logo</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="736">logo, &latex;</indexterm></cindex> <para>The &latex; logo. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="902" mergedindex="cp">\LaTeXe</indexterm>\LaTeXe</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="723">&latex;2e logo</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="724">logo, &latex;2e</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="737">&latex;2e logo</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="738">logo, &latex;2e</indexterm></cindex> <para>The &latex;2e logo. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="903" mergedindex="cp">\guillemotleft <r>(«)</r></indexterm>\guillemotleft <r>(«)</r></itemformat></item> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="904" mergedindex="cp">\guillemotright <r>(»)</r></indexterm>\guillemotright <r>(»)</r></itemformat></itemx> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="905" mergedindex="cp">\guilsinglleft <r>(‹)</r></indexterm>\guilsinglleft <r>(‹)</r></itemformat></itemx> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="906" mergedindex="cp">\guilsinglright <r>(›)</r></indexterm>\guilsinglright <r>(›)</r></itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="725">double guillemets</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="726">single guillemets</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="727">left angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="728">right angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="729">double angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="730">single angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="731">French quotation marks</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="732">quotation marks, French</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="739">double guillemets</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="740">single guillemets</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="741">left angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="742">right angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="743">double angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="744">single angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="745">French quotation marks</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="746">quotation marks, French</indexterm></cindex> <para>«, », ‹, › Double and single angle quotation marks, commonly used in French. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="907" mergedindex="cp">\ldots</indexterm>\ldots</itemformat></item> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="908" mergedindex="cp">\dots</indexterm>\dots</itemformat></itemx> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="909" mergedindex="cp">\textellipsis</indexterm>\textellipsis</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="733">ellipsis</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="747">ellipsis</indexterm></cindex> <para>&dots; An ellipsis (three dots at the baseline): <code>\ldots</code> and <code>\dots</code> also work in math mode. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="910" mergedindex="cp">\lq</indexterm>\lq</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="734">left quote</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="735">opening quote</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="748">left quote</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="749">opening quote</indexterm></cindex> <para>&textlsquo; Left (opening) quote. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="911" mergedindex="cp">\P</indexterm>\P</itemformat></item> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="912" mergedindex="cp">\textparagraph</indexterm>\textparagraph</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="736">paragraph symbol</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="737">pilcrow</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="750">paragraph symbol</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="751">pilcrow</indexterm></cindex> <para><U>00B6</U> Paragraph sign (pilcrow). </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="913" mergedindex="cp">\pounds</indexterm>\pounds</itemformat></item> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="914" mergedindex="cp">\textsterling</indexterm>\textsterling</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="738">pounds symbol</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="739">sterling symbol</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="752">pounds symbol</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="753">sterling symbol</indexterm></cindex> <para>£ English pounds sterling. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="915" mergedindex="cp">\quotedblbase <r>(„)</r></indexterm>\quotedblbase <r>(„)</r></itemformat></item> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="916" mergedindex="cp">\quotesinglbase <r>(‚)</r></indexterm>\quotesinglbase <r>(‚)</r></itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="740">double low-9 quotation mark</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="741">single low-9 quotation mark</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="742">low-9 quotation marks, single and double</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="754">double low-9 quotation mark</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="755">single low-9 quotation mark</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="756">low-9 quotation marks, single and double</indexterm></cindex> <para>„ and ‚ Double and single quotation marks on the baseline. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="917" mergedindex="cp">\rq</indexterm>\rq</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="743">right quote</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="744">closing quote</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="757">right quote</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="758">closing quote</indexterm></cindex> <para>&textrsquo; Right (closing) quote. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="918" mergedindex="cp">\S</indexterm>\S</itemformat></item> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="919" mergedindex="cp">\textsection</indexterm>\textsection</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="745">section symbol</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="759">section symbol</indexterm></cindex> <para><U>00A7</U> Section sign. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="920" mergedindex="cp">\TeX</indexterm>\TeX</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="746">&tex; logo</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="747">logo, &tex;</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="760">&tex; logo</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="761">logo, &tex;</indexterm></cindex> <para>The &tex; logo. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="921" mergedindex="cp">\textasciicircum</indexterm>\textasciicircum</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="748">circumflex, ASCII, in text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="749">ASCII circumflex, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="762">circumflex, ASCII, in text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="763">ASCII circumflex, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>^ ASCII circumflex. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="922" mergedindex="cp">\textasciitilde</indexterm>\textasciitilde</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="750">tilde, ASCII, in text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="751">ASCII tilde, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="764">tilde, ASCII, in text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="765">ASCII tilde, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>~ ASCII tilde. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="923" mergedindex="cp">\textasteriskcentered</indexterm>\textasteriskcentered</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="752">asterisk, centered, in text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="753">centered asterisk, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="766">asterisk, centered, in text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="767">centered asterisk, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>* Centered asterisk. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="924" mergedindex="cp">\textbackslash</indexterm>\textbackslash</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="754">backslash, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="768">backslash, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>\ Backslash. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="925" mergedindex="cp">\textbar</indexterm>\textbar</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="755">vertical bar, in text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="756">bar, vertical, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="769">vertical bar, in text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="770">bar, vertical, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>| Vertical bar. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="926" mergedindex="cp">\textbardbl</indexterm>\textbardbl</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="757">vertical bar, double, in text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="758">bar, double vertical, in text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="759">double vertical bar, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="771">vertical bar, double, in text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="772">bar, double vertical, in text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="773">double vertical bar, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para><U>23F8</U> Double vertical bar. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="927" mergedindex="cp">\textbigcircle</indexterm>\textbigcircle</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="760">big circle symbols, in text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="761">circle symbol, big, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="774">big circle symbols, in text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="775">circle symbol, big, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para><U>25EF</U> Big circle symbol. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="928" mergedindex="cp">\textbraceleft</indexterm>\textbraceleft</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="762">left brace, in text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="763">brace, left, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="776">left brace, in text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="777">brace, left, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>{ Left brace. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="929" mergedindex="cp">\textbraceright</indexterm>\textbraceright</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="764">right brace, in text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="765">brace, right, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="778">right brace, in text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="779">brace, right, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>} Right brace. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="930" mergedindex="cp">\textbullet</indexterm>\textbullet</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="766">bullet, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="780">bullet, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>• Bullet. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="931" mergedindex="cp">\textcircled{<var>letter</var>}</indexterm>\textcircled{<var>letter</var>}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="767">circled letter, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="781">circled letter, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para><U>24B6</U> Circle around <var>letter</var>. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="932" mergedindex="cp">\textcompwordmark</indexterm>\textcompwordmark</itemformat></item> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="933" mergedindex="cp">\textcapitalcompwordmark</indexterm>\textcapitalcompwordmark</itemformat></itemx> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="934" mergedindex="cp">\textascendercompwordmark</indexterm>\textascendercompwordmark</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="768">composite word mark, in text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="769">cap height</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="770">ascender height</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="782">composite word mark, in text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="783">cap height</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="784">ascender height</indexterm></cindex> <para>Used to separate letters that would normally ligature. For example, <code>f\textcompwordmark i</code> produces <samp>fi</samp> without a ligature. This is most useful in non-English languages. The @@ -16328,138 +16495,138 @@ is most useful in non-English languages. The while the <code>\textascendercompwordmark</code> form has the ascender height. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="935" mergedindex="cp">\textdagger</indexterm>\textdagger</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="771">dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="785">dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para><U>2020</U> Dagger. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="936" mergedindex="cp">\textdaggerdbl</indexterm>\textdaggerdbl</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="772">dagger, double, in text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="773">double dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="786">dagger, double, in text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="787">double dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para><U>2021</U> Double dagger. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="937" mergedindex="cp">\textdollar <r>(or <code>\$</code>)</r></indexterm>\textdollar <r>(or <code>\$</code>)</r></itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="774">dollar sign</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="775">currency, dollar</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="788">dollar sign</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="789">currency, dollar</indexterm></cindex> <para>$ Dollar sign. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="938" mergedindex="cp">\textemdash <r>(or <code>---</code>)</r></indexterm>\textemdash <r>(or <code>---</code>)</r></itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="776">em-dash</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="790">em-dash</indexterm></cindex> <para>&textmdash; Em-dash (used for punctuation, as in <code>The playoffs --- if you are fortunate enough to make the playoffs --- is more like a sprint.</code>). </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="939" mergedindex="cp">\textendash <r>(or <code>--</code>)</r></indexterm>\textendash <r>(or <code>--</code>)</r></itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="777">e-dash</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="791">e-dash</indexterm></cindex> <para>&textndash; En-dash (used for ranges, as in <code>See pages 12--14</code>). </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="940" mergedindex="cp">\texteuro</indexterm>\texteuro</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="778">euro symbol</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="779">currency, euro</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="780"><r>package</r>, <code>eurosym</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="781"><code>eurosym</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="792">euro symbol</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="793">currency, euro</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="794"><r>package</r>, <code>eurosym</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="795"><code>eurosym</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>The Euro symbol: €. For an alternative glyph design, try the <file>eurosym</file> package; also, most fonts nowadays come with their own Euro symbol (Unicode U+20AC). </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="941" mergedindex="cp">\textexclamdown <r>(or <code>!`</code>)</r></indexterm>\textexclamdown <r>(or <code>!`</code>)</r></itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="782">exclamation point, upside-down</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="796">exclamation point, upside-down</indexterm></cindex> <para>¡ Upside down exclamation point. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="942" mergedindex="cp">\textgreater</indexterm>\textgreater</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="783">greater than symbol, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="797">greater than symbol, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>> Greater than symbol. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="943" mergedindex="cp">\textless</indexterm>\textless</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="784">less than symbol, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="798">less than symbol, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>< Less than symbol. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="944" mergedindex="cp">\textleftarrow</indexterm>\textleftarrow</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="785">arrow, left, in text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="786">left arrow, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="799">arrow, left, in text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="800">left arrow, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para><U>2190</U> Left arrow. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="945" mergedindex="cp">\textordfeminine</indexterm>\textordfeminine</itemformat></item> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="946" mergedindex="cp">\textordmasculine</indexterm>\textordmasculine</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="787">feminine ordinal symbol</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="788">masculine ordinal symbol</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="789">ordinals, feminine and masculine</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="790">Spanish ordinals, feminine and masculine</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="801">feminine ordinal symbol</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="802">masculine ordinal symbol</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="803">ordinals, feminine and masculine</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="804">Spanish ordinals, feminine and masculine</indexterm></cindex> <para>ª, º Feminine and masculine ordinal symbols. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="947" mergedindex="cp">\textperiodcentered</indexterm>\textperiodcentered</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="791">period, centered, in text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="792">centered period, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="805">period, centered, in text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="806">centered period, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para><U>00B7</U> Centered period. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="948" mergedindex="cp">\textquestiondown <r>(or <code>?`</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquestiondown <r>(or <code>?`</code>)</r></itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="793">question mark, upside-down</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="807">question mark, upside-down</indexterm></cindex> <para>¿ Upside down question mark. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="949" mergedindex="cp">\textquotedblleft <r>(or <code>``</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquotedblleft <r>(or <code>``</code>)</r></itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="794">left quote, double</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="795">double left quote</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="808">left quote, double</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="809">double left quote</indexterm></cindex> <para>&textldquo; Double left quote. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="950" mergedindex="cp">\textquotedblright <r>(or <code>''</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquotedblright <r>(or <code>''</code>)</r></itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="796">right quote, double</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="797">double right quote</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="810">right quote, double</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="811">double right quote</indexterm></cindex> <para>&textrdquo; Double right quote. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="951" mergedindex="cp">\textquoteleft <r>(or <code>`</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquoteleft <r>(or <code>`</code>)</r></itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="798">left quote, single</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="799">single left quote</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="812">left quote, single</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="813">single left quote</indexterm></cindex> <para>&textlsquo; Single left quote. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="952" mergedindex="cp">\textquoteright <r>(or <code>'</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquoteright <r>(or <code>'</code>)</r></itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="800">right quote, single</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="801">single right quote</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="814">right quote, single</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="815">single right quote</indexterm></cindex> <para>&textrsquo; Single right quote. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="953" mergedindex="cp">\textquotesingle</indexterm>\textquotesingle</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="802">quote, single straight</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="803">straight single quote</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="804">single quote, straight</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="816">quote, single straight</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="817">straight single quote</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="818">single quote, straight</indexterm></cindex> <para><U>0027</U> Straight single quote. (From TS1 encoding.) </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="954" mergedindex="cp">\textquotestraightbase</indexterm>\textquotestraightbase</itemformat></item> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="955" mergedindex="cp">\textquotestraightdblbase</indexterm>\textquotestraightdblbase</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="805">quote, straight base</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="806">straight quote, base</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="807">double quote, straight base</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="808">straight double quote, base</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="819">quote, straight base</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="820">straight quote, base</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="821">double quote, straight base</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="822">straight double quote, base</indexterm></cindex> <!-- c Unicode doesn't have these https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotation_mark --> <para>Single and double straight quotes on the baseline. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="956" mergedindex="cp">\textregistered</indexterm>\textregistered</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="809">registered symbol</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="823">registered symbol</indexterm></cindex> <para>®istered; Registered symbol. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="957" mergedindex="cp">\textrightarrow</indexterm>\textrightarrow</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="810">arrow, right, in text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="811">right arrow, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="824">arrow, right, in text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="825">right arrow, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para><U>2192</U> Right arrow. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="958" mergedindex="cp">\textthreequartersemdash</indexterm>\textthreequartersemdash</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="812">three-quarters em-dash</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="813">em-dash, three-quarters</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="826">three-quarters em-dash</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="827">em-dash, three-quarters</indexterm></cindex> <para><U>FE58</U> &textldquo;Three-quarters&textrdquo; em-dash, between en-dash and em-dash. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="959" mergedindex="cp">\texttrademark</indexterm>\texttrademark</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="814">trademark symbol</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="828">trademark symbol</indexterm></cindex> <para><U>2122</U> Trademark symbol. </para> <!-- c ?? Diff from \textthreequartersemdash? In Unicode? --> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="960" mergedindex="cp">\texttwelveudash</indexterm>\texttwelveudash</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="815">two-thirds em-dash</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="816">em-dash, two-thirds</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="829">two-thirds em-dash</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="830">em-dash, two-thirds</indexterm></cindex> <para><U>FE58</U> &textldquo;Two-thirds&textrdquo; em-dash, between en-dash and em-dash. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="961" mergedindex="cp">\textunderscore</indexterm>\textunderscore</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="817">underscore, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="831">underscore, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>_ Underscore. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="962" mergedindex="cp">\textvisiblespace</indexterm>\textvisiblespace</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="818">visible space symbol, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="832">visible space symbol, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para><U>2423</U> Visible space symbol. </para> </tableitem></tableentry></ftable> @@ -16469,17 +16636,17 @@ Euro symbol (Unicode U+20AC). <node name="Accents" spaces=" "><nodename>Accents</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Additional Latin letters</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Text symbols</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Accents</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="819">accents</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="820">characters, accented</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="821">letters, accented</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="833">accents</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="834">characters, accented</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="835">letters, accented</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="822"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="823"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="836"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="837"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="824"><r>package</r>, <code>polyglossia</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="825"><code>polyglossia</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="838"><r>package</r>, <code>polyglossia</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="839"><code>polyglossia</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="826">multilingual support</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="840">multilingual support</indexterm></cindex> <para>&latex; has wide support for many of the world&textrsquo;s scripts and languages, through the <code>babel</code> package and related support if you are using pdf&latex;, or <file>polyglossia</file> if you are using Xe&latex; or @@ -16492,11 +16659,11 @@ with capital letters. These are not available with OT1. lowercase <samp>o</samp>. </para> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="963" mergedindex="cp">\i <r>(dotless i)</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="827">dotless i</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="841">dotless i</indexterm></cindex> <para>Note that <code>\i</code> produces a dotless i, <!-- c @dotless{i}, --> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="964" mergedindex="cp">\j <r>(dotless j)</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="828">dotless j</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="842">dotless j</indexterm></cindex> and <code>\j</code> produces a dotless j. <!-- c @dotless{j}. --> These are often used in place of their dotted counterparts when they are @@ -16507,61 +16674,61 @@ accented. <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitaldieresis</itemformat></itemx> </tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="965" mergedindex="cp">\" <r>(umlaut accent)</r></indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="966" mergedindex="cp">\capitaldieresis</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="829">umlaut accent</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="830">dieresis accent</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="843">umlaut accent</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="844">dieresis accent</indexterm></cindex> <para><accent type="uml">o</accent> Umlaut (dieresis). </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\'</itemformat></item> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalacute</itemformat></itemx> </tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="967" mergedindex="cp">\' <r>(acute accent)</r></indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="968" mergedindex="cp">\capitalacute</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="831">acute accent</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="845">acute accent</indexterm></cindex> <para><accent type="acute">o</accent> Acute accent. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\.</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="969" mergedindex="cp">\. <r>(dot-over accent)</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="832">dot accent</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="833">dot-over accent</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="846">dot accent</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="847">dot-over accent</indexterm></cindex> <para><accent type="dotaccent">o</accent> Dot accent. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\=</itemformat></item> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalmacron</itemformat></itemx> </tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="970" mergedindex="cp">\= <r>(macron accent)</r></indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="971" mergedindex="cp">\capitalmacron</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="834">macron accent</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="835">overbar accent</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="836">bar-over accent</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="848">macron accent</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="849">overbar accent</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="850">bar-over accent</indexterm></cindex> <para><accent type="macr">o</accent> Macron (overbar) accent. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\^</itemformat></item> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalcircumflex</itemformat></itemx> </tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="972" mergedindex="cp">\^ <r>(circumflex accent)</r></indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="973" mergedindex="cp">\capitalcircumflex</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="837">circumflex accent</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="838">hat accent</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="851">circumflex accent</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="852">hat accent</indexterm></cindex> <para><accent type="circ">o</accent> Circumflex (hat) accent. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\`</itemformat></item> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalgrave</itemformat></itemx> </tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="974" mergedindex="cp">\` <r>(grave accent)</r></indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="975" mergedindex="cp">\capitalgrave</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="839">grave accent</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="853">grave accent</indexterm></cindex> <para><accent type="grave">o</accent> Grave accent. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\~</itemformat></item> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitaltilde</itemformat></itemx> </tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="976" mergedindex="cp">\~ <r>(tilde accent)</r></indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="977" mergedindex="cp">\capitaltilde</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="840">tilde accent</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="854">tilde accent</indexterm></cindex> <para><accent type="tilde">n</accent> Tilde accent. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\b</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="978" mergedindex="cp">\b <r>(bar-under accent)</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="841">bar-under accent</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="855">bar-under accent</indexterm></cindex> <para><accent type="ubaraccent">o</accent> Bar accent underneath. </para> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="979" mergedindex="cp">\underbar</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="842">underbar</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="856">underbar</indexterm></cindex> <para>Related to this, <code>\underbar{<var>text</var>}</code> produces a bar under <var>text</var>. The argument is always processed in LR mode (<pxref label="Modes"><xrefnodename>Modes</xrefnodename></pxref>). The bar is always a fixed position under the baseline, @@ -16572,35 +16739,35 @@ thus crossing through descenders. See also <code>\underline</code> in <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalcedilla</itemformat></itemx> </tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="980" mergedindex="cp">\c <r>(cedilla accent)</r></indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="981" mergedindex="cp">\capitalcedilla</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="843">cedilla accent</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="857">cedilla accent</indexterm></cindex> <para><accent type="cedil">c</accent> Cedilla accent underneath. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\d</itemformat></item> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitaldotaccent</itemformat></itemx> </tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="982" mergedindex="cp">\d <r>(dot-under accent)</r></indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="983" mergedindex="cp">\capitaldotaccent</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="844">dot-under accent</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="858">dot-under accent</indexterm></cindex> <para><accent type="udotaccent">o</accent> Dot accent underneath. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\H</itemformat></item> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalhungarumlaut</itemformat></itemx> </tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="984" mergedindex="cp">\H <r>(Hungarian umlaut accent)</r></indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="985" mergedindex="cp">\capitalhungarumlaut</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="845">hungarian umlaut accent</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="859">hungarian umlaut accent</indexterm></cindex> <para><accent type="doubleacute">o</accent> Long Hungarian umlaut accent. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\k</itemformat></item> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalogonek</itemformat></itemx> </tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="986" mergedindex="cp">\k <r>(ogonek)</r></indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="987" mergedindex="cp">\capitalogonek</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="846">ogonek</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="860">ogonek</indexterm></cindex> <para><accent type="ogon">o</accent> Ogonek. Not available in the OT1 encoding. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\r</itemformat></item> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalring</itemformat></itemx> </tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="988" mergedindex="cp">\r <r>(ring accent)</r></indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="989" mergedindex="cp">\capitalring</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="847">ring accent</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="861">ring accent</indexterm></cindex> <para><accent type="ring">o</accent> Ring accent. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\t</itemformat></item> @@ -16611,7 +16778,7 @@ thus crossing through descenders. See also <code>\underline</code> in <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="991" mergedindex="cp">\capitaltie</indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="992" mergedindex="cp">\newtie</indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="993" mergedindex="cp">\capitalnewtie</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="848">tie-after accent</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="862">tie-after accent</indexterm></cindex> <para><accent type="tieaccent">oo</accent> Tie-after accent. The <code>\newtie</code> form is centered in its box. </para> @@ -16619,16 +16786,16 @@ its box. <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalbreve</itemformat></itemx> </tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="994" mergedindex="cp">\u <r>(breve accent)</r></indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="995" mergedindex="cp">\capitalbreve</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="849">breve accent</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="863">breve accent</indexterm></cindex> <para><accent type="breve">o</accent> Breve accent. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\v</itemformat></item> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalcaron</itemformat></itemx> </tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="996" mergedindex="cp">\v <r>(breve accent)</r></indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="997" mergedindex="cp">\capitalcaron</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="850">hacek accent</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="851">check accent</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="852">caron accent</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="864">hacek accent</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="865">check accent</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="866">caron accent</indexterm></cindex> <para><accent type="caron">o</accent> H<accent type="acute" bracketed="off">a</accent><accent type="caron">c</accent>ek (check, caron) accent. </para> </tableitem></tableentry></table> @@ -16639,12 +16806,12 @@ its box. <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Additional Latin letters</sectiontitle> <anchor name="Non_002dEnglish-characters">Non-English characters</anchor> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="853">Latin letters, additional</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="854">letters, additional Latin</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="855">extended Latin</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="856">special characters</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="857">non-English characters</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="858">characters, non-English</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="867">Latin letters, additional</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="868">letters, additional Latin</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="869">extended Latin</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="870">special characters</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="871">non-English characters</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="872">characters, non-English</indexterm></cindex> <para>Here are the basic &latex; commands for inserting letters beyond A&textndash;Z that extend the Latin alphabet, used primarily in languages other @@ -16655,22 +16822,22 @@ than English. <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\AA</itemformat></itemx> </tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="998" mergedindex="cp">\aa (å)</indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="999" mergedindex="cp">\AA (Å)</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="859">aring</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="873">aring</indexterm></cindex> <para>å and Å. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\ae</itemformat></item> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\AE</itemformat></itemx> </tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1000" mergedindex="cp">\ae (æ)</indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1001" mergedindex="cp">\AE (Æ)</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="860">ae ligature</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="874">ae ligature</indexterm></cindex> <para>æ and Æ. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\dh</itemformat></item> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\DH</itemformat></itemx> </tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1002" mergedindex="cp">\dh (ð)</indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1003" mergedindex="cp">\DH (Ð)</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="861">Icelandic eth</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="862">eth, Icelandic letter</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="875">Icelandic eth</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="876">eth, Icelandic letter</indexterm></cindex> <para>Icelandic letter eth: ð and Ð. Not available with <sc>OT1</sc> encoding, you need the <file>fontenc</file> package to select an alternate font encoding, such as <sc>T1</sc>. @@ -16687,14 +16854,14 @@ select an alternate font encoding, such as <sc>T1</sc>. <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\IJ</itemformat></itemx> </tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1006" mergedindex="cp">\ij (ij)</indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1007" mergedindex="cp">\IJ (IJ)</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="863">ij letter, Dutch</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="877">ij letter, Dutch</indexterm></cindex> <para>ij and IJ (except somewhat closer together than appears here). </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\l</itemformat></item> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\L</itemformat></itemx> </tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1008" mergedindex="cp">\l (&lslash;)</indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1009" mergedindex="cp">\L (&Lslash;)</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="864">polish l</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="878">polish l</indexterm></cindex> <para>&lslash; and &Lslash;. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\ng</itemformat></item> @@ -16707,30 +16874,30 @@ select an alternate font encoding, such as <sc>T1</sc>. <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\O</itemformat></itemx> </tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1012" mergedindex="cp">\o (ø)</indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1013" mergedindex="cp">\O (Ø)</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="865">oslash</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="879">oslash</indexterm></cindex> <para>ø and Ø. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\oe</itemformat></item> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\OE</itemformat></itemx> </tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1014" mergedindex="cp">\oe (œ)</indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1015" mergedindex="cp">\OE (Œ)</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="866">oe ligature</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="880">oe ligature</indexterm></cindex> <para>œ and Œ. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\ss</itemformat></item> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\SS</itemformat></itemx> </tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1016" mergedindex="cp">\ss (ß)</indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1017" mergedindex="cp">\SS (SS)</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="867">es-zet German letter</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="868">sharp S letters</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="881">es-zet German letter</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="882">sharp S letters</indexterm></cindex> <para>ß and SS. </para> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\th</itemformat></item> <itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\TH</itemformat></itemx> </tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1018" mergedindex="cp">\th (þ)</indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1019" mergedindex="cp">\TH (Þ)</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="869">Icelandic thorn</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="870">thorn, Icelandic letter</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="883">Icelandic thorn</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="884">thorn, Icelandic letter</indexterm></cindex> <para>Icelandic letter thorn: þ and Þ. Not available with <sc>OT1</sc> encoding, you need the <file>fontenc</file> package to select an alternate font encoding, such as <sc>T1</sc>. @@ -16753,8 +16920,8 @@ font encoding, such as <sc>T1</sc>. <para>Produce a <dfn>rule</dfn>, a filled-in rectangle. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="871">Halmos symbol</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="872">tombstone</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="885">Halmos symbol</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="886">tombstone</indexterm></cindex> <para>This produces a rectangular blob, sometimes called a Halmos symbol, often used to mark the end of a proof. </para> @@ -16762,8 +16929,8 @@ often used to mark the end of a proof. <pre xml:space="preserve">\newcommand{\qedsymbol}{\rule{0.4em}{2ex}} </pre></example> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="873"><r>package</r>, <code>amsthm</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="874"><code>amsthm</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="887"><r>package</r>, <code>amsthm</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="888"><code>amsthm</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <noindent></noindent> <para>The <file>amsthm</file> package includes this command, with a somewhat @@ -16795,8 +16962,8 @@ output, but can cause &latex; to change the output around it. <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\today</code></sectiontitle> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1021" mergedindex="cp">\today</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="875">date, today&textrsquo;s</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="876">today&textrsquo;s date</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="889">date, today&textrsquo;s</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="890">today&textrsquo;s date</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -16808,11 +16975,11 @@ output, but can cause &latex; to change the output around it. <var>yyyy</var></samp>. An example of a date in that format is <samp>July 4, 1976</samp>. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="877"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="878"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="891"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="892"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="879"><r>package</r>, <code>polyglossia</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="880"><code>polyglossia</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="893"><r>package</r>, <code>polyglossia</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="894"><code>polyglossia</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>Multilingual packages such as <file>babel</file> or <file>polyglossia</file>, or classes such as <file>lettre</file>, will localize <code>\today</code>. For example, @@ -16831,8 +16998,8 @@ the following will output <samp>4 juillet 1976</samp>: <para><code>\today</code> uses the counters <code>\day</code>, <code>\month</code>, and <code>\year</code> (<pxref label="_005cday-_0026-_005cmonth-_0026-_005cyear"><xrefnodename>\day & \month & \year</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="881"><r>package</r>, <code>datetime</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="882"><code>datetime</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="895"><r>package</r>, <code>datetime</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="896"><code>datetime</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>A number of package on CTAN work with dates. One is <file>datetime</file> package which can produce a wide variety of date formats, including ISO standards. @@ -16846,16 +17013,16 @@ date could be incorrect by the time the program finishes. <node name="Splitting-the-input" spaces=" "><nodename>Splitting the input</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Front/back matter</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> <chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Splitting the input</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="883">splitting the input file</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="884">input file</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="897">splitting the input file</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="898">input file</indexterm></cindex> <para>&latex; lets you split a large document into several smaller ones. This can simplify editing or allow multiple authors to work on the document. It can also speed processing. </para> <para>Regardless of how many separate files you use, there is always one -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="885">root file</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="886">file, root</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="899">root file</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="900">file, root</indexterm></cindex> <dfn>root file</dfn>, on which &latex; compilation starts. This shows such a file with five included files. </para> @@ -17067,7 +17234,7 @@ this works under &tex; Live on GNU/Linux: \end{document} </pre></example> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="887">nested <code>\include</code>, not allowed</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="901">nested <code>\include</code>, not allowed</indexterm></cindex> <para>You cannot use <code>\include</code> inside a file that is being included or you get <samp>LaTeX Error: \include cannot be nested.</samp> The <code>\include</code> command cannot appear in the document preamble; you will @@ -17150,7 +17317,7 @@ this works under &tex; Live on GNU/Linux: <node name="Table-of-contents-etc_002e" spaces=" "><nodename>Table of contents etc.</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Indexes</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Front/back matter</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Table of contents etc.</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="888">table of contents, creating</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="902">table of contents, creating</indexterm></cindex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1026" mergedindex="cp">\tableofcontents</indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1027" mergedindex="cp">.toc <r>file</r></indexterm></findex> @@ -17245,11 +17412,11 @@ list of figures and a list of tables. They work the same way as the contents commands; for instance, these work with information stored in <file>.lof</file> and <file>.lot</file> files. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="889"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="890"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="903"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="904"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="891"><r>package</r>, <code>polyglossia</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="892"><code>polyglossia</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="905"><r>package</r>, <code>polyglossia</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="906"><code>polyglossia</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>To change the header for the table of contents page do something like the first line here. @@ -17265,11 +17432,11 @@ the first line here. Internationalization packages such as <file>babel</file> or <file>polyglossia</file> will change the headers depending on the chosen base language. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="893"><r>package</r>, <code>tocloft</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="894"><code>tocloft</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="907"><r>package</r>, <code>tocloft</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="908"><code>tocloft</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="895"><r>package</r>, <code>tocbibbind</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="896"><code>tocbibbind</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="909"><r>package</r>, <code>tocbibbind</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="910"><code>tocbibbind</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>CTAN has many packages for the table of contents and lists of figures and tables. One convenient one for adjusting some aspects of the @@ -17288,7 +17455,7 @@ contents. <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\addcontentsline</code></sectiontitle> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1032" mergedindex="cp">\addcontentsline</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="897">table of contents entry, manually adding</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="911">table of contents entry, manually adding</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -17478,11 +17645,11 @@ the old information. <node name="Indexes" spaces=" "><nodename>Indexes</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Glossaries</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Table of contents etc.</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Front/back matter</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Indexes</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="898">indexes</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="912">indexes</indexterm></cindex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1036" mergedindex="cp">\makeindex</indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1037" mergedindex="cp">\index</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="899"><file>.idx</file> file</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="913"><file>.idx</file> file</indexterm></cindex> <para>This document has an index. </para> @@ -17514,11 +17681,11 @@ These output a file <file><var>root-name</var>.ind</file>. Finally, you bring t information back into your document and typeset it with the <code>\printindex</code> command (<pxref label="_005cprintindex"><xrefnodename>\printindex</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="900"><r>package</r>, <code>showidx</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="901"><code>showidx</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="914"><r>package</r>, <code>showidx</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="915"><code>showidx</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="902"><r>package</r>, <code>multind</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="903"><code>multind</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="916"><r>package</r>, <code>multind</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="917"><code>multind</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>There are many packages that apply to indexing commands. The <code>showidx</code> package causes each index entries to be shown in the @@ -17537,7 +17704,7 @@ also the &tex; FAQ entry on this topic, <node name="_005cindex" spaces=" "><nodename>\index</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">makeindex</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Indexes</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\index</code></sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="904">index entry</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="918">index entry</indexterm></cindex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1038" mergedindex="cp">\index</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: @@ -17580,7 +17747,7 @@ document as above will give an index entry like <samp>Ackermann, 22, instance <code>\index{Ackermann!function}</code> could come before <code>\index{Ackermann}</code>. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="905">index, page range</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="919">index, page range</indexterm></cindex> <para>Get a page range in the output, like <samp>Hilbert, 23--27</samp>, as here. </para> <example endspaces=" "> @@ -17601,14 +17768,14 @@ the output is the item <samp>Jones</samp> with no comma or page number, followed by two subitems, like <samp>program, 50</samp> and <samp>results, 51</samp>. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="906">&textlsquo;see&textrsquo; and &textlsquo;see also&textrsquo; index entries</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="907">index entries, &textlsquo;see&textrsquo; and &textlsquo;see also&textrsquo;</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="920">&textlsquo;see&textrsquo; and &textlsquo;see also&textrsquo; index entries</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="921">index entries, &textlsquo;see&textrsquo; and &textlsquo;see also&textrsquo;</indexterm></cindex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1039" mergedindex="cp">\seename</indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1040" mergedindex="cp">\alsoname</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="908"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="909"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> - <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="910"><r>package</r>, <code>polyglossia</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="911"><code>polyglossia</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="922"><r>package</r>, <code>babel</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="923"><code>babel</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> + <cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="924"><r>package</r>, <code>polyglossia</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="925"><code>polyglossia</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>Generate a index entry that says <samp>See</samp> by using a vertical bar @@ -17666,8 +17833,8 @@ would naturally give it. entry, preceding it with a double quote, <code>"</code>. (The double quote gets deleted before alphabetization.) </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="912"><r>package</r>, <code>index</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="913"><code>index</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="926"><r>package</r>, <code>index</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="927"><code>index</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>A number of packages on CTAN have additional functionality beyond that provided by <file>makeidx</file>. One is <file>index</file>, which allows for @@ -17676,11 +17843,11 @@ multiple indices and contains a command <var>index-entry-string</var> as well as indexing it. </para> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1041" mergedindex="cp">\indexentry</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="914">idx file</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="928">idx file</indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>\index</code> command writes the indexing information to the file <file><var>root-name</var>.idx</file> file. Specifically, it writes text of the command -<code>\indexentry{<var>index-entry-string</var>}{<var>page-num</var>}</code>, where +<code>\indexentry{<var>index-entry-string</var>}{<var>page-num</var>}</code>, where <var>page-num</var> is the value of the <code>\thepage</code> counter. On occasion, when the <code>\printindex</code> command is confused, you have to delete this file to start with a fresh slate. @@ -17698,11 +17865,11 @@ message like this. <node name="makeindex" spaces=" "><nodename>makeindex</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\printindex</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\index</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Indexes</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><command>makeindex</command></sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="915">index, processing</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="929">index, processing</indexterm></cindex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1042" mergedindex="cp">makeindex</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="916"><command>makeindex</command> program</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="917"><file>.ind</file> file</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="918"><file>.idx</file> file</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="930"><command>makeindex</command> program</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="931"><file>.ind</file> file</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="932"><file>.idx</file> file</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis, one of: </para> @@ -17718,7 +17885,7 @@ raw index files, <file><var>filename</var>.idx</file> files, and produces the actual index file, the <file><var>filename</var>.ind</file> file that is input by <code>\printindex</code> (<pxref label="_005cprintindex"><xrefnodename>\printindex</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="919"><file>.isty</file> file</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="933"><file>.isty</file> file</indexterm></cindex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1043" mergedindex="cp">index, style file</indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1044" mergedindex="cp">makeindex, style file</indexterm></findex> <para>The first form of the command suffices for many uses. The second allows @@ -17779,7 +17946,7 @@ plus5pt minus3pt</code>). </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="1049" mergedindex="cp">lethead_flag</indexterm>lethead_flag</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>An integer. It governs what is inserted for a new group or letter. If it is 0 (which is the default) then other than <code>group_skip</code> nothing -will be inserted before the group. If it is is positive then at a new +will be inserted before the group. If it is positive then at a new letter the <code>lethead_prefix</code> and <code>lethead_suffix</code> will be inserted, with that letter in uppercase between them. If it is negative then what will be inserted is the letter in lowercase. The default @@ -17885,20 +18052,20 @@ roman <code>R</code>, and uppercase alphabetic <code>A</code>. Default: </tableitem></tableentry></ftable> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1068" mergedindex="cp">xindy</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="920"><command>xindy</command> program</indexterm></cindex> -<para>There are a number of other programs that do the job <command>makeindex</command> -does. One is <command>xindy</command>, which does internationalization and can -process indexes for documents marked up using &latex; and a number of -other languages. It is is highly configurable, both in markup terms and -in terms of the collating order of the text. See the documentation on -CTAN. +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="934"><command>xindy</command> program</indexterm></cindex> +<para>There are a number of other programs that do the job +<command>makeindex</command> does. One is <command>xindy</command>, which does +internationalization and can process indexes for documents marked up +using &latex; and a number of other languages. It is highly +configurable, both in markup terms and in terms of the collating order +of the text, as described in its documentation. </para> </subsection> <node name="_005cprintindex" spaces=" "><nodename>\printindex</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">makeindex</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Indexes</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><command>\printindex</command></sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="921">index, printing</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="935">index, printing</indexterm></cindex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1069" mergedindex="cp">\printindex</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: @@ -17922,9 +18089,9 @@ discussion and an example of the use of <code>\printindex</code>. <node name="Glossaries" spaces=" "><nodename>Glossaries</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Indexes</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Front/back matter</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Glossaries</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="922">glossary</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="923">glossaries</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="924">acronyms, list of</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="936">glossary</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="937">glossaries</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="938">acronyms, list of</indexterm></cindex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1071" mergedindex="cp">\makeglossary</indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1072" mergedindex="cp">\printglossaries</indexterm></findex> @@ -17972,7 +18139,7 @@ of a Turing machine</samp>. In addition, in a separate sectional unit headed </para> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1073" mergedindex="cp">\makeglossary</indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1074" mergedindex="cp">\printglossaries</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="925"><file>.glo</file> file</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="939"><file>.glo</file> file</indexterm></cindex> <para>The command <code>\makeglossary</code> opens the file that will contain the entry information, <file><var>root-file</var>.glo</file>. Put the <code>\printglossaries</code> command where you want the glossaries to appear @@ -17992,7 +18159,7 @@ CTAN. <node name="_005cnewglossaryentry" spaces=" "><nodename>\newglossaryentry</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\gls</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Glossaries</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newglossaryentry</code></sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="926">glossary, entries</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="940">glossary, entries</indexterm></cindex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1075" mergedindex="cp">\newglossaryentry</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis, one of: @@ -18064,7 +18231,7 @@ form given in the synopsis. <node name="_005cgls" spaces=" "><nodename>\gls</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\newglossaryentry</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Glossaries</nodeup></node> <subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\gls</code></sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="927">glossary, entry reference</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="941">glossary, entry reference</indexterm></cindex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1081" mergedindex="cp">\gls</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis, one of: @@ -18106,8 +18273,8 @@ which also takes the plural. <node name="Letters" spaces=" "><nodename>Letters</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Terminal input/output</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Front/back matter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> <chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Letters</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="928">letters, writing</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="929">writing letters</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="942">letters, writing</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="943">writing letters</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -18245,7 +18412,7 @@ is formatted as a personal letter. <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\cc</code></sectiontitle> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1084" mergedindex="cp">\cc</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="930">cc list, in letters</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="944">cc list, in letters</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -18270,8 +18437,8 @@ with a double backslash, <code>\\</code>, as in: <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\closing</code></sectiontitle> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1085" mergedindex="cp">\closing</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="931">letters, ending</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="932">closing letters</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="945">letters, ending</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="946">closing letters</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -18292,7 +18459,7 @@ at the end of a letter, above a handwritten signature. For example: <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\encl</code></sectiontitle> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1086" mergedindex="cp">\encl</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="933">enclosure list</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="947">enclosure list</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -18388,8 +18555,8 @@ columns having two labels each. <para>The first column contains the return address twice. The second column contains the address for each recipient. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="934"><r>package</r>, <code>envlab</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="935"><code>envlab</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="948"><r>package</r>, <code>envlab</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="949"><code>envlab</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>The package <code>envlab</code> makes formatting the labels easier, with standard sizes already provided. The preamble lines @@ -18418,7 +18585,7 @@ with the return address. <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\opening</code></sectiontitle> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1090" mergedindex="cp">\opening</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="936">letters, starting</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="950">letters, starting</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -18438,7 +18605,7 @@ with the return address. <node name="_005cps" spaces=" "><nodename>\ps</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\signature</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\opening</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\ps</code></sectiontitle> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1091" mergedindex="cp">\ps</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="937">postscript, in letters</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="951">postscript, in letters</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> @@ -18543,8 +18710,8 @@ page. <node name="Terminal-input_002foutput" spaces=" "><nodename>Terminal input/output</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Command line</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Letters</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> <chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Terminal input/output</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="938">input/output, to terminal</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="939">terminal input/output</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="952">input/output, to terminal</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="953">terminal input/output</indexterm></cindex> <menu endspaces=" "> <menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\typein</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Read text from the terminal. @@ -18664,7 +18831,7 @@ character with <code>\csname &arobase;percentchar\endcsname</code>. <node name="Command-line" spaces=" "><nodename>Command line</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Document templates</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Terminal input/output</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> <chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Command line</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="940">command line</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="954">command line</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis (from a terminal command line): </para> @@ -18725,7 +18892,7 @@ to do. <node name="Command-line-options" spaces=" "><nodename>Command line options</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Command line input</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Command line</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Command line options</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="941">options, command line</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="955">options, command line</indexterm></cindex> <para>These are the command-line options relevant to ordinary document authoring. For a full list, try running <samp>latex --help</samp> from the @@ -18779,9 +18946,9 @@ and output file will then be named <file><var>string</var>.log</file> and <var>argument</var> does not start with a backslash then &tex; considers it the name of a file to input. Otherwise it waits for the first <code>\input</code> instruction and the name of the input file will be the job -name. This is used to name the log file the output file. This option -overrides that process and directly specifies the name. <xref label="Command-line-input"><xrefnodename>Command -line input</xrefnodename></xref> for an example of its use. +name. This is used to name the log file the output file. The +<code>jobname</code> option overrides that process and directly specifies the +name. <xref label="Command-line-input"><xrefnodename>Command line input</xrefnodename></xref> for an example of its use. </para> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1101" mergedindex="cp">--output-directory <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex> </tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">-output-directory=<var>directory</var></itemformat></item> @@ -18791,16 +18958,16 @@ line input</xrefnodename></xref> for an example of its use. <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1103" mergedindex="cp">--no-shell-escape <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1104" mergedindex="cp">--enable-write18 <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1105" mergedindex="cp">--disable-write18 <r>command-line option</r></indexterm></findex> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">shell-escape</itemformat></item> -<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">no-shell-escape</itemformat></itemx> -<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">enable-write18</itemformat></itemx> -<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">disable-write18</itemformat></itemx> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">--shell-escape</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">--no-shell-escape</itemformat></itemx> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">--enable-write18</itemformat></itemx> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">--disable-write18</itemformat></itemx> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Enable or disable <code>\write18{<var>shell command</var>}</code>. The first two options are for with &tex; Live or Mac&tex; while the second two are for MiK&tex;. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="942"><r>package</r>, <code>sagetex</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="943"><code>sagetex</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="956"><r>package</r>, <code>sagetex</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="957"><code>sagetex</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>Sometimes you want to run external system commands from inside a &latex; file. For instance the package <file>sagetex</file> allows you to @@ -18835,15 +19002,15 @@ error messages. These are only available with &tex; Live or Mac&tex;. <node name="Command-line-input" spaces=" "><nodename>Command line input</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Recovering from errors</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Command line options</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Command line</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Command line input</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="944">input, on command line</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="958">input, on command line</indexterm></cindex> <para>As part of the command line invocation <code>pdflatex <var>options</var> <var>argument</var></code> you can specify arbitrary &latex; input by starting <var>argument</var> with a backslash. This allows you to do some special effects. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="945"><r>package</r>, <code>hyperref</code></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="946"><code>hyperref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="959"><r>package</r>, <code>hyperref</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="960"><code>hyperref</code> <r>package</r></indexterm></cindex> <para>For example, this file (which uses the <file>hyperref</file> package for hyperlinks) can produce two kinds of output, one for paper and one for a @@ -18863,8 +19030,8 @@ PDF. <noindent></noindent> <para>Compiling this document <file>book.tex</file> with the command line -<code>pdflatex test</code> will give the <samp>CTAN</samp> link in blue. But -compiling it with <code>pdflatex "\def\paperversion{}\input test.tex"</code> +<code>pdflatex book</code> will give the <samp>CTAN</samp> link in blue. But +compiling it with <code>pdflatex "\def\paperversion{}\input book.tex"</code> has the link in black. (Note the use of double quotes to prevent interpretation of the symbols by the command line shell; your system may do this differently.) @@ -18892,7 +19059,7 @@ called <file>main.pdf</file> and the second would overwrite the first. <noindent></noindent> <para>so the graphic files are read for their size information but not -incorporated into the PDF. (The <code>jobname</code> option is needed because +incorporated into the PDF. (The <code>jobname</code> option is there because otherwise the output file would be <file>graphicx.pdf</file>, as <code>\RequirePackage</code> does an <code>\input</code> of its own.) </para> @@ -18925,8 +19092,8 @@ l.5 The \PN typo. You could instead enter <samp>?</samp> and <code><return></code> to see other options. </para> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="947"><samp>*</samp> prompt</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="948">prompt, <samp>*</samp></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="961"><samp>*</samp> prompt</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="962">prompt, <samp>*</samp></indexterm></cindex> <findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1109" mergedindex="cp">\stop</indexterm></findex> <para>There are two other error scenarios. The first is that you forgot to include the <code>\end{document}</code> or misspelled it. In this case @@ -18945,8 +19112,8 @@ Please type another input file name: </pre></example> <noindent></noindent> -<para>The simplest thing is to enter <code><Contol></code> and <samp>d</samp> (holding -them down at the same time), and just fix the command line. +<para>The simplest thing is to enter <code><Control></code> and <samp>d</samp> (holding +them down at the same time), and then retype the correct command line. </para> </section> @@ -18954,8 +19121,8 @@ them down at the same time), and just fix the command line. <node name="Document-templates" spaces=" "><nodename>Document templates</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Index</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Command line</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> <appendix spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Document templates</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="949">document templates</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="950">templates, document</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="963">document templates</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="964">templates, document</indexterm></cindex> <para>Although not reference material, perhaps these document templates will be useful. Additional template resources are listed at @@ -18973,8 +19140,8 @@ be useful. Additional template resources are listed at <node name="beamer-template" spaces=" "><nodename>beamer template</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">article template</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Document templates</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>beamer</code> template</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="951"><code>beamer</code> template and class</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="952">template, <code>beamer</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="965"><code>beamer</code> template and class</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="966">template, <code>beamer</code></indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>beamer</code> class creates presentation slides. It has a vast array of features, but here is a basic template: @@ -19011,7 +19178,7 @@ array of features, but here is a basic template: <node name="article-template" spaces=" "><nodename>article template</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">book template</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">beamer template</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Document templates</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>article</code> template</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="953">template, <code>article</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="967">template, <code>article</code></indexterm></cindex> <verbatim xml:space="preserve"> \documentclass{article} @@ -19037,7 +19204,7 @@ Some more text. <node name="book-template" spaces=" "><nodename>book template</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Larger book template</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">article template</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Document templates</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>book</code> template</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="954">template, <code>book</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="968">template, <code>book</code></indexterm></cindex> <para>This is a straightforward template for a book. See <xref label="Larger-book-template"><xrefnodename>Larger book template</xrefnodename></xref> for a more elaborate one. @@ -19066,7 +19233,7 @@ The end. <node name="Larger-book-template" spaces=" "><nodename>Larger book template</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">tugboat template</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">book template</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Document templates</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Larger <code>book</code> template</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="955">template, <code>book</code></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="969">template, <code>book</code></indexterm></cindex> <para>This is a more elaborate template for a book. It has <code>\frontmatter</code>, <code>\mainmatter</code>, and <code>\backmatter</code> to @@ -19123,9 +19290,9 @@ come on a new page is brought in with <code>\input</code> instead of <node name="tugboat-template" spaces=" "><nodename>tugboat template</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Larger book template</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Document templates</nodeup></node> <section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>tugboat</code> template</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="956">template, TUGboat</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="957">TUGboat template</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="958"><code>ltugboat</code> class</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="970">template, TUGboat</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="971">TUGboat template</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="972"><code>ltugboat</code> class</indexterm></cindex> <para><cite>TUGboat</cite> is the journal of the &tex; Users Group, <url><urefurl>http://tug.org/TUGboat</urefurl></url>. |