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1 files changed, 3121 insertions, 2161 deletions
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.txt
index a2966568b6d..9a70ebbf698 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.txt
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.txt
@@ -37,6 +37,10 @@ LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual
2.4 LaTeX command syntax
3 Document classes
3.1 Document class options
+ 3.2 Additional packages
+ 3.3 Class and package construction
+ 3.3.1 Class and package structure
+ 3.3.2 Class and package commands
4 Fonts
4.1 Font styles
4.2 Font sizes
@@ -73,6 +77,7 @@ LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual
8.14 'itemize'
8.15 'letter' environment: writing letters
8.16 'list'
+ 8.16.1 '\item': An entry in a list.
8.17 'math'
8.18 'minipage'
8.19 'picture'
@@ -113,10 +118,11 @@ LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual
9.2 '\obeycr' & '\restorecr'
9.3 '\newline'
9.4 '\-' (discretionary hyphen)
- 9.5 '\fussy'
- 9.6 '\sloppy'
- 9.7 '\hyphenation'
- 9.8 '\linebreak' & '\nolinebreak'
+ 9.5 '\discretionary' (generalized hyphenation point)
+ 9.6 '\fussy'
+ 9.7 '\sloppy'
+ 9.8 '\hyphenation'
+ 9.9 '\linebreak' & '\nolinebreak'
10 Page breaking
10.1 '\cleardoublepage'
10.2 '\clearpage'
@@ -153,8 +159,8 @@ LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual
13.8 '\day \month \year': Predefined counters
14 Lengths
14.1 Units of length
- 14.2 '\setlength{\LEN}{VALUE}'
- 14.3 '\addtolength{\LEN}{AMOUNT}'
+ 14.2 '\setlength'
+ 14.3 '\addtolength'
14.4 '\settodepth'
14.5 '\settoheight'
14.6 '\settowidth{\LEN}{TEXT}'
@@ -172,6 +178,7 @@ LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual
16.5 Spacing in math mode
16.6 Math miscellany
17 Modes
+ 17.1 '\ensuremath'
18 Page styles
18.1 '\maketitle'
18.2 '\pagenumbering'
@@ -181,7 +188,7 @@ LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual
19.1 '\hspace'
19.2 '\hfill'
19.3 '\(SPACE)' and \@
- 19.4 '\ ' after a control sequence
+ 19.4 '\ ' after control sequence
19.5 '\frenchspacing'
19.6 '\thinspace': Insert 1/6em
19.7 '\/': Insert italic correction
@@ -202,11 +209,12 @@ LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual
20.9 '\usebox{\BOXCMD}'
21 Special insertions
21.1 Reserved characters
- 21.2 Text symbols
- 21.3 Accents
- 21.4 Non-English characters
- 21.5 '\rule'
- 21.6 '\today'
+ 21.2 Symbols by font position
+ 21.3 Text symbols
+ 21.4 Accents
+ 21.5 Additional Latin letters
+ 21.6 '\rule'
+ 21.7 '\today'
22 Splitting the input
22.1 '\include'
22.2 \'includeonly'
@@ -242,8 +250,8 @@ Command Index
LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual
***************************************
-This document is an unofficial reference manual (version of October
-2015) for LaTeX2e, a document preparation system.
+This document is an unofficial reference manual (version of November
+2016) for LaTeX2e, a document preparation system.
1 About this document
*********************
@@ -355,7 +363,7 @@ main output file's name ends in either '.dvi' or '.pdf'.
'.pdf' file with 'dvipdfmx'. The contents of the file can be
dumped in human-readable form with 'dvitype'. A vast array of
other DVI utility programs are available
- (<http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/dviware>).
+ (<http://mirror.ctan.org/dviware>).
'.pdf'
If LaTeX is invoked via the system command 'pdflatex', among other
@@ -473,7 +481,7 @@ commands it covers (barring unintentional omissions, a.k.a. bugs).
Synopsis:
\begin{ENVIRONMENT NAME}
- ..
+ ...
\end{ENVIRONMENT NAME}
An area of LaTeX source, inside of which there is a distinct
@@ -481,10 +489,12 @@ behavior. For instance, for poetry in LaTeX put the lines between
'\begin{verse}' and '\end{verse}'.
\begin{verse}
- There once was a man from Nantucket \\
- ..
+ There once was a man from Nantucket \\
+ ...
\end{verse}
+ See *note Environments:: for a list of environments.
+
The ENVIRONMENT NAME at the beginning must exactly match that at the
end. This includes the case where ENVIRONMENT NAME ends in a
star ('*'); both the '\begin' and '\end' texts must include the star.
@@ -495,13 +505,61 @@ the table to be aligned on its top row) while the second argument is
required (it specifies the formatting of columns).
\begin{tabular}[t]{r|l}
- .. rows of table ..
+ ... rows of table ...
\end{tabular}
A command that changes the value, or changes the meaning, of some other
command or parameter. For instance, the '\mainmatter' command changes
the setting of page numbers from roman numerals to arabic.
+Synopsis:
+
+ \makeatletter
+ ... definition of commands with @ in their name ..
+ \makeatother
+
+ Used to redefine internal LaTeX commands. '\makeatletter' makes the
+at-sign character '@' have the category code of a letter, 11.
+'\makeatother' sets the category code of '@' to 12, its original value.
+
+ As each character is read by TeX for LaTeX, it is assigned a
+character category code, or "catcode" for shorter. For instance, the
+backslash '\' is assigned the catcode 0, for characters that start a
+command. These two commands alter the catcode assigned to '@'.
+
+ The alteration is needed because many of LaTeX's commands use '@' in
+their name, to prevent users from accidentally defining a command that
+replaces one of LaTeX's own. Command names consist of a category 0
+character, ordinarily backslash, followed by letters, category 11
+characters (except that a command name can also consist of a category 0
+character followed by a single non-letter symbol). So under the default
+category codes, user-defined commands cannot contain an '@'. But
+'\makeatletter' and '\makeatother' allow users to define or redefine
+commands named with '@'.
+
+ Use these inside a '.tex' file, in the preamble. Don't use them
+inside '.sty' or '.cls' files since the '\usepackage' and
+'\documentclass' commands set the at sign to have the character code of
+a letter.
+
+ in their names, see document <http://ctan.org/pkg/macros2e>. These
+macros are mainly useful to package or class authors; examples that may
+be useful to document authors are provided hereinafter.
+
+ The example code below, if put in the preamble, redefines the section
+command to center the section title, put it in bold type, and adjust the
+spacing.
+
+ \makeatletter
+ \renewcommand\section{%
+ \@startsection{section}% Name
+ {1}% Level: 0=part, 1=chapter, etc.
+ {0pt}% Heading indent
+ {-3.5ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}% Beforeskip (if neg, no head indent)
+ {2.3ex plus.2ex}% Afterskip (if neg, run-in heading)
+ {\centering\normalfont\Large\bfseries}} % Style of head
+ \makeatother
+
3 Document classes
******************
@@ -556,10 +614,13 @@ options for selecting the typeface size (default is '10pt'):
paper size (these show height by width):
'a4paper'
- 210 by 297 mm (about 8.25 by 11.75 inches)
+ 210 by 297mm (about 8.25 by 11.75 inches)
+
+'a5paper'
+ 148 by 210mm (about 5.8 by 8.3 inches)
'b5paper'
- 176 by 250 mm (about 7 by 9.875 inches)
+ 176 by 250mm (about 6.9 by 9.8 inches)
'executivepaper'
7.25 by 10.5 inches
@@ -599,8 +660,10 @@ setting the print area and physical page size.
'titlepage'
'notitlepage'
- Specifies whether the title page is separate; default depends on
- the class.
+ Specifies whether there is a separate page for the title
+ information and for the abstract also, if there is one. The
+ default for the 'report' class is 'titlepage', for the other
+ classes it is 'notitlepage'.
The following options are not available with the 'slides' class.
@@ -628,18 +691,370 @@ setting the print area and physical page size.
The 'slides' class offers the option 'clock' for printing the time at
the bottom of each note.
- Additional packages are loaded like this:
+3.2 Additional packages
+=======================
+
+Load a package PKG, with the package options given in the
+comma-separated list OPTIONS, as here.
- \usepackage[OPTIONS]{PKG}
+ \usepackage[OPTIONS]{PKG}.
- To specify more than one package, you can separate them with a comma,
+ To specify more than one package you can separate them with a comma,
as in '\usepackage{PKG1,PKG2,...}', or use multiple '\usepackage'
commands.
- Any options given in the '\documentclass' command that are unknown by
+ Any options given in the '\documentclass' command that are unknown to
the selected document class are passed on to the packages loaded with
'\usepackage'.
+3.3 Class and package construction
+==================================
+
+You can create new document classes and new packages. For instance, if
+your memos must satisfy some local requirements, such as a standard
+header for each page, then you could create a new class 'smcmemo.cls'
+and begin your documents with '\documentclass{smcmemo}'.
+
+ What separates a package from a document class is that the commands
+in a package are useful across classes while those in a document class
+are specific to that class. Thus, a command to set page headers is for
+a package while a command to make the page headers say 'Memo from the
+SMC Math Department' is for a class.
+
+ Inside of a class or package file you can use the at-sign '@' as a
+character in command names without having to surround that command with
+'\makeatletter' and '\makeatother'. *Note \makeatletter and
+\makeatother::. This allow you to create commands that users will not
+accidentally redefine. Another technique is to preface class- or
+package-specific commands with some string to prevent your class or
+package from interacting with others. For instance, the class 'smcmemo'
+might have commands '\smc@tolist', '\smc@fromlist', etc.
+
+3.3.1 Class and package structure
+---------------------------------
+
+A class file or package file typically has four parts. (1) In the
+identification part, the file says that it is a LaTeX package or class
+and describes itself, using the '\NeedsTeXFormat' and '\ProvidesClass'
+or '\ProvidesPackage' commands. (2) The preliminary declarations part
+declares some commands and can also load other files. Usually these
+commands will be those needed for the code used in the next part. For
+example, an 'smcmemo' class might be called with an option to read in a
+file with a list of people for the to-head, as
+'\documentclass[mathto]{smcmemo}', and therefore needs to define a
+command '\newcommand{\setto}[1]{\def\@tolist{#1}}' used in that file.
+(3) In the handle options part the class or package declares and
+processes its options. Class options allow a user to start their
+document as '\documentclass[OPTION LIST]{CLASS NAME}', to modify the
+behavior of the class. An example is when you declare
+'\documentclass[11pt]{article}' to set the default document font size.
+Finally, (4) in the more declarations part the class or package usually
+does most of its work: declaring new variables, commands and fonts, and
+loading other files.
+
+ Here is a starting class file, which should be saved as 'stub.cls'
+where LaTeX can find it, for example in the same directory as the '.tex'
+file.
+
+ \NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
+ \ProvidesClass{stub}[2017/07/06 stub to start building classes from]
+ \DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}}
+ \ProcessOptions\relax
+ \LoadClass{article}
+
+ It identifies itself, handles the class options via the default of
+passing them all to the 'article' class, and then loads the 'article'
+class to provide the basis for this class's code.
+
+ For more, see the official guide for class and package writers, the
+Class Guide, at
+<http://www.latex-project.org/help/documentation/clsguide.pdf> (much of
+the descriptions here derive from this document), or the tutorial
+<https://www.tug.org/TUGboat/tb26-3/tb84heff.pdf>.
+
+3.3.2 Class and package commands
+--------------------------------
+
+These are the commands designed to help writers of classes or packages.
+
+'\AtBeginDvi{specials}'
+ Save in a box register things that are written to the '.dvi' file
+ at the beginning of the shipout of the first page of the document.
+
+'\AtEndOfClass{CODE}'
+'\AtEndOfPackage{CODE}'
+ Hook to insert CODE to be executed when LaTeX finishes processing
+ the current class or package. You can use these hooks multiple
+ times; the 'code' will be executed in the order that you called it.
+ See also *note \AtBeginDocument::.
+
+'\ClassError{CLASS NAME}{ERROR TEXT}{HELP TEXT}'
+'\PackageError{PACKAGE NAME}{ERROR TEXT}{HELP TEXT}'
+'\ClassWarning{CLASS NAME}{WARNING TEXT}'
+'\PackageWarning{PACKAGE NAME}{WARNING TEXT}'
+'\ClassWarningNoLine{CLASS NAME}{WARNING TEXT}'
+'\PackageWarningNoLine{PACKAGE NAME}{WARNING TEXT}'
+'\ClassInfo{CLASS NAME}{INFO TEXT}'
+'\PackageInfo{PACKAGE NAME}{INFO TEXT}'
+'\ClassInfoNoLine{CLASS NAME}{INFO TEXT}'
+'\PackageInfoNoLine{PACKAGE NAME}{INFO TEXT}'
+ Produce an error message, or warning or informational messages.
+
+ For '\ClassError' and '\PackageError' the message is ERROR TEXT,
+ followed by TeX's '?' error prompt. If the user then asks for help
+ by typing 'h', they see the HELP TEXT.
+
+ The four warning commands are similar except that they write
+ WARNING TEXT on the screen with no error prompt. The four info
+ commands write INFO TEXT only in the transcript file. The 'NoLine'
+ versions do not show the number of the line generating the message,
+ while the other versions do show that number.
+
+ To format the messages, including the HELP TEXT: use '\protect' to
+ stop a command from expanding, get a line break with
+ '\MessageBreak', and get a space with '\space'. Note that LaTeX
+ appends a period to the messages.
+
+'\CurrentOption'
+ Expands to the name of the currently-being-processed option. Can
+ only be used within the CODE argument of either '\DeclareOption' or
+ '\DeclareOption*'.
+
+'\DeclareOption{OPTION}{CODE}'
+'\DeclareOption*{OPTION}{CODE}'
+ Make an option available to a user, for invoking in their
+ '\documentclass' command. For example, the 'smcmemo' class could
+ have an option allowing users to put the institutional logo on the
+ first page with '\documentclass[logo]{smcmemo}'. The class file
+ must contain '\DeclareOption{logo}{CODE}' (and later,
+ '\ProcessOptions').
+
+ If you request an option that has not been declared, by default
+ this will produce a warning like 'Unused global option(s):
+ [badoption].' Change this behaviour with the starred version
+ '\DeclareOption*{CODE}'. For example, many classes extend an
+ existing class, using a declaration such as '\LoadClass{article}',
+ and for passing extra options to the underlying class use code such
+ as this.
+
+ \DeclareOption*{%
+ \PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}%
+ }
+
+ Another example is that the class 'smcmemo' may allow users to keep
+ lists of memo recipients in external files. Then the user could
+ invoke '\documentclass[math]{smcmemo}' and it will read the file
+ 'math.memo'. This code handles the file if it exists and otherwise
+ passes the option to the 'article' class.
+
+ \DeclareOption*{\InputIfFileExists{\CurrentOption.memo}{}{%
+ \PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}}}
+
+'\IfFileExists{FILE NAME}{TRUE CODE}{FALSE CODE}'
+'\InputIfFileExists{FILE NAME}{TRUE CODE}{FALSE CODE}'
+ Execute TRUE CODE if LaTeX can find the file and FALSE CODE
+ otherwise. In the second case it inputs the file immediately after
+ executing TRUE CODE. Thus
+ '\IfFileExists{img.pdf}{\includegraphics{img.pdf}}{\typeout{WARNING:
+ img.pdf not found}}' will include the graphic if it is found but
+ otherwise just give a warning.
+
+ This command looks for the file in all search paths that LaTeX
+ uses, not only in the current directory. To look only in the
+ current directory do something like '\IfFileExists{./filename}{TRUE
+ CODE}{FALSE CODE}'. If you ask for a filename without a '.tex'
+ extension then LaTeX will first look for the file by appending the
+ '.tex'; for more on how LaTeX handles file extensions see *note
+ \input::.
+
+'\LoadClass[OPTIONS LIST]{CLASS NAME}[RELEASE DATE]'
+'\LoadClassWithOptions{CLASS NAME}[RELEASE DATE]'
+ Load a class, as with '\documentclass[OPTIONS LIST]{CLASS
+ NAME}[RELEASE INFO]'. An example is
+ '\LoadClass[twoside]{article}'.
+
+ The OPTIONS LIST, if present, is a comma-separated list. The
+ RELEASE DATE is optional. If present it must have the form
+ YYYY/MM/DD. If you request a RELEASE DATE and the date of the
+ package installed on your system is earlier, then you get a warning
+ on the screen and in the log like 'You have requested, on input
+ line 4, version `2038/01/19' of document class article, but only
+ version `2014/09/29 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class' is
+ available.'
+
+ The command version '\LoadClassWithOptions' uses the list of
+ options for the current class. This means it ignores any options
+ passed to it via '\PassOptionsToClass'. This is a convenience
+ command that lets you build classes on existing ones, such as the
+ standard 'article' class, without having to track which options
+ were passed.
+
+'\ExecuteOptions{OPTIONS-LIST}'
+ For each option in the OPTIONS-LIST, in order, this command
+ executes the command '\ds@'OPTION. If this command is not defined
+ then that option is silently ignored.
+
+ It can be used to provide a default option list before
+ '\ProcessOptions'. For example, if in a class file you want the
+ default to be 11pt fonts then you could specify
+ '\ExecuteOptions{11pt}\ProcessOptions\relax'.
+
+'\NeedsTeXFormat{FORMAT}[FORMAT DATE]'
+ Specifies the format that this class should be run under. Often
+ issued as the first line of a class file, and most often used as:
+ '\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}'. The format that you specify must
+ exactly match the one installed on your system that you invoked,
+ including that the string is case sensitive. If it does not match
+ then execution stops with an error like 'This file needs format
+ `xxx' but this is `LaTeX2e'.'
+
+ To specify a version of the format that you know to have certain
+ features, include the optional FORMAT DATE on which those features
+ were implemented. If present it must be in the form 'YYYY/MM/DD'.
+ If the format version installed on your system is earlier than
+ FORMAT DATE then you get a warning like 'You have requested release
+ `2038/01/20' of LaTeX, but only release `2016/02/01' is available.'
+ (The LaTeX kernel has been frozen for many years so you probably do
+ not not need to specify the format date.)
+
+'\OptionNotUsed'
+ Adds the current option to the list of unused options. Can only be
+ used within the CODE argument of either '\DeclareOption' or
+ '\DeclareOption*'.
+
+'\PassOptionsToClass{OPTIONS LIST}{CLASS NAME}'
+'\PassOptionsToPackage{OPTIONS LIST}{PACKAGE NAME}'
+ Adds the options in the comma-separated list OPTION LIST to the
+ options used by any future '\RequirePackage' or '\usepackage'
+ command for package PACKAGE NAME or the class CLASS NAME.
+
+ The reason for these commands is: you may load a package any number
+ of times with no options but if you want options then you may only
+ supply them when you first load the package. Loading a package
+ with options more than once will get you an error like 'Option
+ clash for package foo.' (LaTeX throws an error even if there is no
+ conflict between the options.)
+
+ If your code is bringing in a package twice then you can collapse
+ that to once, for example replacing the two
+ '\RequirePackage[landscape]{geometry}\RequirePackage[margins=1in]{geometry}'
+ with the single '\RequirePackage[landscape,margins=1in]{geometry}'.
+ But if you are loading a package that in turn loads another package
+ then you need to queue up the options you desire. For instance,
+ suppose the package 'foo' loads the package 'geometry'. Instead of
+ ' \RequirePackage{foo}\RequirePackage[draft]{graphics}' you must
+ write '\PassOptionsToPackage{draft}{graphics}
+ \RequirePackage{foo}'. (If 'foo.sty' loads an option in conflict
+ with what you want then you may have to look into altering its
+ source.)
+
+ These commands are useful for general users as well as class and
+ package writers. For instance, suppose a user wants to load the
+ 'graphicx' package with the option 'draft' and also wants to use a
+ class 'foo' that loads the 'graphicx' package, but without that
+ option. The user could start their LaTeX file with
+ '\PassOptionsToPackage{draft}{graphicx}\documentclass{foo}'.
+
+'\ProcessOptions'
+'\ProcessOptions*\@OPTIONS'
+ Execute the code for each option that the user has invoked.
+ Include it in the class file as '\ProcessOptions\relax' (because of
+ the existence of the starred command).
+
+ Options come in two types. 'Local' options have been specified for
+ this particular package in the OPTIONS argument of
+ '\PassOptionsToPackage{OPTIONS}', '\usepackage[OPTIONS]', or
+ '\RequirePackage[OPTIONS]'. 'Global' options are those given by
+ the class user in '\documentclass[OPTIONS]' (If an option is
+ specified both locally and globally then it is local.)
+
+ When '\ProcessOptions' is called for a package 'pkg.sty', the
+ following happens. (1) For each option OPTION so far declared with
+ '\DeclareOption', it looks to see if that option is either a global
+ or a local option for 'pkg'. If so then it executes the declared
+ code. This is done in the order in which these options were given
+ in 'pkg.sty'. (2) For each remaining local option, it executes the
+ command '\ds@'OPTION if it has been defined somewhere (other than
+ by a '\DeclareOption'); otherwise, it executes the default option
+ code given in '\DeclareOption*'. If no default option code has
+ been declared then it gives an error message. This is done in the
+ order in which these options were specified.
+
+ When '\ProcessOptions' is called for a class it works in the same
+ way except that all options are local, and the default value for
+ '\DeclareOption*' is '\OptionNotUsed' rather than an error.
+
+ The starred version '\ProcessOptions*'\@OPTIONS executes the
+ options in the order specified in the calling commands, rather than
+ in the order of declaration in the class or package. For a package
+ this means that the global options are processed first.
+
+'\ProvidesClass{CLASS NAME}[<RELEASE DATE> <BRIEF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION>]'
+'\ProvidesPackage{PACKAGE NAME}[<RELEASE DATE> <BRIEF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION>]'
+ Identifies the class or package, printing a message to the screen
+ and the log file.
+
+ When a user writes '\documentclass{smcmemo}' then LaTeX loads the
+ file 'smcmemo.cls'. Similarly, a user writing '\usepackage{test}'
+ prompts LaTeX to load the file 'test.sty'. If the name of the file
+ does not match the declared class or package name then you get a
+ warning. Thus, if you invoke '\documentclass{smcmemo}', and the
+ file 'smcmemo.cls' has the statement '\ProvidesClass{xxx}' then you
+ get a warning like 'You have requested document class `smcmemo',
+ but the document class provides 'xxx'.' This warning does not
+ prevent LaTeX from processing the rest of the class file normally.
+
+ If you include the optional part then you must include the date,
+ before the first space, and it must have the form 'YYYY/MM/DD'.
+ The rest of the optional part is free-form, although it
+ traditionally identifies the class, and is written to the screen
+ during compilation and to the log file. Thus, if your file
+ 'smcmem.cls' contains the line '\ProvidesClass{smcmem}[2008/06/01
+ SMC memo class]' and your document's first line is
+ '\documentclass{smcmem}' then you will see 'Document Class: smcmemo
+ 2008/06/01 SMC memo class'.
+
+ The date in the optional portion allows class and package users to
+ ask to be warned if the version of the class or package installed
+ on their system is earlier than RELEASE DATE, by using the optional
+ calls such as '\documentclass{smcmem}[2018/10/12]' or
+ '\usepackage{foo}[[2017/07/07]]'. (Note that package users only
+ rarely include a date, and class users almost never do.)
+
+'\ProvidesFile{FILE NAME}[ADDITIONAL INFORMATION]'
+ Declare a file other than the main class and package files, such as
+ configuration files or font definition files. Put this command in
+ that file and you get in the log a string like 'File: test.config
+ 2017/10/12 config file for test.cls'.
+
+'\RequirePackage[OPTIONS LIST]{PACKAGE NAME}[RELEASE DATE]'
+'\RequirePackageWithOptions{PACKAGE NAME}[RELEASE DATE]'
+ Load a package, like the author command '\usepackage'. *Note
+ Additional packages::. An example is
+ '\RequirePackage[landscape,margin=1in]{geometry}'. Note that the
+ LaTeX development team strongly recommends use of these commands
+ over Plain TeX's '\input'; see the Class Guide.
+
+ The OPTIONS LIST, if present, is a comma-separated list. The
+ RELEASE DATE, if present, must have the form YYYY/MM/DD. If the
+ release date of the package as installed on your system is earlier
+ than RELEASE DATE then you get a warning like 'You have requested,
+ on input line 9, version `2017/07/03' of package jhtest, but only
+ version `2000/01/01' is available'.
+
+ The '\RequirePackageWithOptions' version uses the list of options
+ for the current class. This means it ignores any options passed to
+ it via '\PassOptionsToClass'. This is a convenience command to
+ allow easily building classes on existing ones without having to
+ track which options were passed.
+
+ The difference between '\usepackage' and '\RequirePackage' is
+ small. The '\usepackage' command is intended for the document file
+ while '\RequirePackage' is intended for package and class files.
+ Thus, using '\usepackage' before the '\documentclass' command
+ causes LaTeX to give error like '\usepackage before
+ \documentclass', but you can use '\RequirePackage' there.
+
4 Fonts
*******
@@ -960,23 +1375,23 @@ Commands for controlling the general page layout.
5.1 '\onecolumn'
================
-The '\onecolumn' declaration starts a new page and produces
-single-column output. If the document is given the class option
-'onecolumn' then this is the default behavior (*note Document class
-options::).
+Start a new page and produce single-column output. If the document is
+given the class option 'onecolumn' then this is the default behavior
+(*note Document class options::).
This command is fragile (*note \protect::).
5.2 '\twocolumn'
================
-Synopsis:
+Synopses:
+ \twocolumn
\twocolumn[PRELIM ONE COLUMN TEXT]
- The '\twocolumn' declaration starts a new page and produces
-two-column output. If the document is given the class option
-'twocolumn' then this is the default (*note Document class options::).
+ Start a new page and produce two-column output. If the document is
+given the class option 'twocolumn' then this is the default (*note
+Document class options::).
If the optional PRELIM ONE COLUMN TEXT argument is present, it is
typeset in one-column mode before the two-column typesetting starts.
@@ -1015,7 +1430,7 @@ following parameters control float behavior of two-column output.
occupied by two-column wide floats. The default is 0.7, meaning
that the height of a 'table*' or 'figure*' environment must not
exceed '0.7\textheight' . If the height of your starred float
- environment exceeeds this then you can take one of the following
+ environment exceeds this then you can take one of the following
actions to prevent it from floating all the way to the back of the
document:
@@ -1055,54 +1470,55 @@ following parameters control float behavior of two-column output.
maximum number of floats allowed at the top of the page. The LaTeX
default is '2'.
- This example shows the use of the optional argument of '\twocolumn'
-to create a title that spans the two-column article:
+ This example uses '\twocolumn''s optional argument of to create a
+title that spans the two-column article:
\documentclass[twocolumn]{article}
\newcommand{\authormark}[1]{\textsuperscript{#1}}
\begin{document}
\twocolumn[{% inside this optional argument goes one-column text
- \centering
- \LARGE The Title \\[1.5em]
- \large Author One\authormark{1},
- Author Two\authormark{2},
- Author Three\authormark{1} \\[1em]
- \normalsize
- \begin{tabular}{p{.2\textwidth}@{\hspace{2em}}p{.2\textwidth}}
- \authormark{1}Department one &\authormark{2}Department two \\
- School one &School two
- \end{tabular}\\[3em] % space below title part
- }]
+ \centering
+ \LARGE The Title \\[1.5em]
+ \large Author One\authormark{1},
+ Author Two\authormark{2},
+ Author Three\authormark{1} \\[1em]
+ \normalsize
+ \begin{tabular}{p{.2\textwidth}@{\hspace{2em}}p{.2\textwidth}}
+ \authormark{1}Department one &\authormark{2}Department two \\
+ School one &School two
+ \end{tabular}\\[3em] % space below title part
+ }]
Two column text here.
5.3 '\flushbottom'
==================
-The '\flushbottom' command can go at any point in the document body. It
-makes all later pages the same height, stretching the vertical space
-where necessary to fill out the page.
+Make all pages in the documents after this declaration have the same
+height, by stretching the vertical space where necessary to fill out the
+page. This is most often used when making two-sided documents since the
+differences in facing pages can be glaring.
If TeX cannot satisfactorily stretch the vertical space in a page
then you get a message like 'Underfull \vbox (badness 10000) has
-occurred while \output is active'. You can change to '\raggedbottom'
-(see below). Alternatively, you can try to adjust the 'textheight' to
-be compatible, or you can add some vertical stretch glue between lines
-or between paragraphs, as in '\setlength{\parskip}{0ex plus0.1ex}'. In
-a final editing stage you can adjust the height of individual pages
-(*note \enlargethispage::).
-
- This is the default only if you select the 'twoside' document class
-option (*note Document class options::).
+occurred while \output is active'. If you get that, one option is to
+change to '\raggedbottom' (*note \raggedbottom::). Alternatively, you
+can adjust the 'textheight' to make compatible pages, or you can add
+some vertical stretch glue between lines or between paragraphs, as in
+'\setlength{\parskip}{0ex plus0.1ex}'. Your last option is to, in a
+final editing stage, adjust the height of individual pages (*note
+\enlargethispage::).
+
+ The '\flushbottom' state is the default only if you select the
+'twoside' document class option (*note Document class options::).
5.4 '\raggedbottom'
===================
-The '\raggedbottom' command can go at any point in the document body.
-It makes all later pages the natural height of the material on that
-page; no rubber lengths will be stretched. Thus, in a two-sided
-document the facing pages may be different heights. See also
-'\flushbottom' above.
+Make all later pages the natural height of the material on that page; no
+rubber vertical lengths will be stretched. Thus, in a two-sided
+document the facing pages may be different heights. This command can go
+at any point in the document body. See *note \flushbottom::.
This is the default unless you select the 'twoside' document class
option (*note Document class options::).
@@ -1259,13 +1675,13 @@ appears in the output after it.
The placement of floats is subject to parameters, given below, that
limit the number of floats that can appear at the top of a page, and the
-bottom, etc. If so many floats are queued up that the limits prevent
-them all from fitting on a page then LaTeX places what it can and defers
-the rest to the next page. In this way, floats may be typset far from
-their place in the source. In particular, a float that is big can
-migrate to the end of the document. But then because all floats in a
-class must appear in sequential order, every subsequent float in that
-class also appears at the end.
+bottom, etc. If so many floats are queued that the limits prevent them
+all from fitting on a page then LaTeX places what it can and defers the
+rest to the next page. In this way, floats may end up being typeset far
+from their place in the source. In particular, a float that is big may
+migrate to the end of the document. In which event, because all floats
+in a class must appear in sequential order, every following float in
+that class also appears at the end.
In addition to changing the parameters, for each float you can tweak
where the float placement algorithm tries to place it by using its
@@ -1320,7 +1736,7 @@ outstanding floats.
LaTeX can typeset a float before where it appears in the source
(although on the same output page) if there is a 't' specifier in the
-PLACEMENT paramater. If this is not desired, and deleting the 't' is
+PLACEMENT parameter. If this is not desired, and deleting the 't' is
not acceptable as it keeps the float from being placed at the top of the
next page, then you can prevent it by either using the 'flafter' package
or using the command '\suppressfloats[t]', which causes floats for the
@@ -1384,10 +1800,10 @@ BETWEEN 0 AND 1}'):
The principal TeX FAQ entry relating to floats
<http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=floats> contains
suggestions for relaxing LaTeX's default parameters to reduce the
-problem of floats being pushed to the end. A full explaination of the
-float placement algorithm is Frank Mittelbach's article "How to infuence
-the position of float environments like figure and table in LaTeX?"
-<http://latex-project.org/papers/tb111mitt-float.pdf>.
+problem of floats being pushed to the end. A full explanation of the
+float placement algorithm is in Frank Mittelbach's article "How to
+influence the position of float environments like figure and table in
+LaTeX?" (<http://latex-project.org/papers/tb111mitt-float.pdf>).
6 Sectioning
************
@@ -1444,8 +1860,33 @@ level zero. (*Note \setcounter::.)
7 Cross references
******************
-One reason for numbering things like figures and equations is to refer
-the reader to them, as in "See Figure 3 for more details."
+One reason for numbering things such as figures and equations is to
+refer the reader to them, as in "See Figure~3 for more details."
+
+ Including the figure number in the source is poor practice since if
+that number changes as the document evolves then you must remember to
+update this reference by hand. Instead, LaTeX has you write a "label"
+like '\label{eq:GreensThm}' and refer to it with 'See
+equation~\ref{eq:GreensThm}'.
+
+ LaTeX writes the information from the labels to a file with the same
+name as the file containing the '\label{...}' but with an '.aux'
+extension. (The information has the format
+'\newlabel{LABEL}{{CURRENTLABEL}{PAGENUMBER}}' where CURRENTLABEL is the
+current value of the macro '\@currentlabel' that is usually updated
+whenever you call '\refstepcounter{COUNTER}'.)
+
+ The most common side effect of the prior paragraph happens when your
+document has a "forward reference", a '\ref{KEY}' that appears earlier
+than the associated '\label{KEY}'; see the example in the
+'\pageref{...}' description. LaTeX gets the information for references
+from the '.aux' file. If this is the first time you are compiling the
+document then you will get a message 'LaTeX Warning: Label(s) may have
+changed. Rerun to get cross references right.' and in the output the
+reference will appear as two question marks '??', in boldface. Or, if
+you change some things so the references change then you get the same
+warning and the output contains the old reference information. The
+solution in either case is just to compile the document a second time.
7.1 '\label'
============
@@ -1454,33 +1895,20 @@ Synopsis:
\label{KEY}
- A '\label' command appearing in ordinary text assigns to KEY the
-number of the current sectional unit; one appearing inside a numbered
-environment assigns that number to KEY. The assigned number can be
-retrieved with the '\ref{KEY}' command (*note \ref::).
-
- Thus, in the example below the key 'sec:test' holds the number of the
-current section and the key 'fig:test' that of the figure.
-(Incidentally, labels must appear after captions in figures and tables.)
-
- \section{section name}
- \label{sec:test}
- This is Section~\ref{sec:test}.
- \begin{figure}
- ...
- \caption{caption text}
- \label{fig:test}
- \end{figure}
- See Figure~\ref{fig:test}.
+ Assign a reference number to KEY. In ordinary text '\label{KEY}'
+assigns to KEY the number of the current sectional unit. Inside an
+environment with numbering, such as a 'table' or 'theorem' environment,
+'\label{KEY}' assigns to KEY the number of that environment. Retrieve
+the assigned number with the '\ref{KEY}' command (*note \ref::).
A key name can consist of any sequence of letters, digits, or common
punctuation characters. Upper and lowercase letters are distinguished,
as usual.
- Although the name can be more or less anything, a common convention
-is to use labels consisting of a prefix and a suffix separated by a
-colon or period. This helps to avoid accidentally creating two labels
-with the same name. Some commonly-used prefixes:
+ A common convention is to use labels consisting of a prefix and a
+suffix separated by a colon or period. This helps to avoid accidentally
+creating two labels with the same name, and makes your source more
+readable. Some commonly-used prefixes:
'ch'
for chapters
@@ -1493,7 +1921,23 @@ with the same name. Some commonly-used prefixes:
'eq'
for equations
- Thus, a label for a figure would look like 'fig:test' or 'fig.test'.
+ Thus, '\label{fig:Euler}' is a label for a figure with a portrait of
+the great man.
+
+ In this example below the key 'sec:test' will get the number of the
+current section and the key 'fig:test' will get the number of the
+figure. (Incidentally, put labels after captions in figures and
+tables.)
+
+ \section{section name}
+ \label{sec:test}
+ This is Section~\ref{sec:test}.
+ \begin{figure}
+ ...
+ \caption{caption text}
+ \label{fig:test}
+ \end{figure}
+ See Figure~\ref{fig:test}.
7.2 '\pageref{KEY}'
===================
@@ -1502,8 +1946,19 @@ Synopsis:
\pageref{KEY}
- The '\pageref'{KEY} command produces the page number of the place in
-the text where the corresponding '\label'{KEY} command appears.
+ Produce the page number of the place in the text where the
+corresponding '\label'{KEY} command appears.
+
+ In this example the '\label{eq:main}' is used both for the formula
+number and for the page number. (Note that the two references are
+forward references, so this document would need to be compiled twice to
+resolve those.)
+
+ The main result is formula~\ref{eq:main} on page~\pageref{eq:main}.
+ ...
+ \begin{equation} \label{eq:main}
+ \mathbf{P}=\mathbf{NP}
+ \end{equation}
7.3 '\ref{KEY}'
===============
@@ -1512,20 +1967,37 @@ Synopsis:
\ref{KEY}
- The '\ref' command produces the number of the sectional unit,
-equation, footnote, figure, ..., of the corresponding '\label' command
-(*note \label::). It does not produce any text, such as the word
-'Section' or 'Figure', just the bare number itself.
+ Produces the number of the sectional unit, equation, footnote,
+figure, ..., of the corresponding '\label' command (*note \label::). It
+does not produce any text, such as the word 'Section' or 'Figure', just
+the bare number itself.
+
+ In this example, the '\ref{popular}' produces '2'. Note that it is a
+forward reference since it comes before '\label{popular}'.
+
+ The most widely-used format is item number~\ref{popular}.
+ \begin{enumerate}
+ \item Plain \TeX
+ \item \label{popular} \LaTeX
+ \item Con\TeX t
+ \end{enumerate}
8 Environments
**************
-LaTeX provides many environments for marking off certain text. Each
-environment begins and ends in the same manner:
+LaTeX provides many environments for delimiting certain behavior. An
+environment begins with '\begin' and ends with '\end', like this:
- \begin{ENVNAME}
- ...
- \end{ENVNAME}
+ \begin{ENVIRONMENT-NAME}
+ ...
+ \end{ENVIRONMENT-NAME}
+
+ The ENVIRONMENT-NAME at the beginning must exactly match that at the
+end. For instance, the input '\begin{table*}...\end{table}' will cause
+an error like: '! LaTeX Error: \begin{table*} on input line 5 ended by
+\end{table}.'
+
+ Environments are executed within a group.
8.1 'abstract'
==============
@@ -1536,8 +2008,42 @@ Synopsis:
...
\end{abstract}
- Environment for producing an abstract, possibly of multiple
-paragraphs.
+ Produce an abstract, possibly of multiple paragraphs. This
+environment is only defined in the 'article' and 'report' document
+classes (*note Document classes::).
+
+ Using the example below in the 'article' class produces a displayed
+paragraph. Document class option 'titlepage' causes the abstract to be
+on a separate page (*note Document class options::); this is the default
+only in the 'report' class.
+
+ \begin{abstract}
+ We compare all known accounts of the proposal made by Porter Alexander
+ to Robert E Lee at the Appomattox Court House that the army continue
+ in a guerrilla war, which Lee refused.
+ \end{abstract}
+
+ The next example produces a one column abstract in a two column
+document (for a more flexible solution, use the package 'abstract').
+
+ \documentclass[twocolumn]{article}
+ ...
+ \begin{document}
+ \title{Babe Ruth as Cultural Progenitor: a Atavistic Approach}
+ \author{Smith \\ Jones \\ Robinson\thanks{Railroad tracking grant.}}
+ \twocolumn[
+ \begin{@twocolumnfalse}
+ \maketitle
+ \begin{abstract}
+ Ruth was not just the Sultan of Swat, he was the entire swat
+ team.
+ \end{abstract}
+ \end{@twocolumnfalse}
+ ]
+ { % by-hand insert a footnote at page bottom
+ \renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
+ \footnotetext[1]{Thanks for all the fish.}
+ }
8.2 'array'
===========
@@ -1545,22 +2051,22 @@ paragraphs.
Synopsis:
\begin{array}{COLS}
- COLUMN 1 ENTRY &COLUMN 2 ENTRY ... &COLUMN N ENTRY \\
- ...
+ COLUMN 1 ENTRY &COLUMN 2 ENTRY ... &COLUMN N ENTRY \\
+ ...
\end{array}
or
\begin{array}[POS]{COLS}
- COLUMN 1 ENTRY &COLUMN 2 ENTRY ... &COLUMN N ENTRY \\
- ...
+ COLUMN 1 ENTRY &COLUMN 2 ENTRY ... &COLUMN N ENTRY \\
+ ...
\end{array}
Produce a mathematical array. This environment can only be used in
math mode, and normally appears within a displayed mathematics
environment such as 'equation' (*note equation::). Column entries are
separated by an ampersand ('&'). Rows are terminated with
-double-backslashes ('\\') (*note \\::).
+double-backslashes (*note \\::).
The required argument COLS describes the number of columns, their
alignment, and the formatting of the intercolumn regions. See *note
@@ -1568,20 +2074,20 @@ tabular:: for the complete description of COLS, and of the other common
features of the two environments, including the optional POS argument.
There are two ways that 'array' diverges from 'tabular'. The first
-is that 'array' entries are typeset in mathematics mode, in textstyle
-(except if the COLS definition specifies the column with '@p{..}', which
-causes the entry to be typeset in text mode). The second is that,
-instead of 'tabular''s parameter '\tabcolsep', LaTeX's intercolumn space
-in an array is governed by '\arraycolsep' which gives half the width
+is that 'array' entries are typeset in math mode, in textstyle (except
+if the COLS definition specifies the column with 'p{...}', which causes
+the entry to be typeset in text mode). The second is that, instead of
+'tabular''s parameter '\tabcolsep', LaTeX's intercolumn space in an
+'array' is governed by '\arraycolsep', which gives half the width
between columns. The default for this is '5pt'.
To obtain arrays with braces the standard is to use the 'amsmath'
package. It comes with environments 'pmatrix' for an array surrounded
-by parentheses '(..)', 'bmatrix' for an array surrounded by square
-brackets '[..]', 'Bmatrix' for an array surrounded by curly
-braces '{..}', 'vmatrix' for an array surrounded by vertical
-bars '|..|', and 'Vmatrix' for an array surrounded by double vertical
-bars '||..||', along with a number of other array constructs.
+by parentheses '(...)', 'bmatrix' for an array surrounded by square
+brackets '[...]', 'Bmatrix' for an array surrounded by curly
+braces '{...}', 'vmatrix' for an array surrounded by vertical
+bars '|...|', and 'Vmatrix' for an array surrounded by double vertical
+bars '||...||', along with a number of other array constructs.
Here is an example of an array:
@@ -1592,29 +2098,48 @@ bars '||..||', along with a number of other array constructs.
\end{array}
\end{equation}
+ The next example works if '\usepackage{amsmath}' is in the preamble:
+
+ \begin{equation}
+ \begin{vmatrix}{cc}
+ a &b \\
+ c &d
+ \end{vmatrix}=ad-bc
+ \end{equation}
+
8.3 'center'
============
Synopsis:
\begin{center}
- .. text ..
+ ... text ...
\end{center}
- Environment to create a sequence of lines that are centered within
-the left and right margins on the current page. If the text in the
-environment body is too long to fit on a line, LaTeX will insert line
-breaks that avoid hyphenation and avoid stretching or shrinking any
-interword space. To force a line break at a particular spot use
-double-backslash '\\' (*note \\::).
+ Create a new paragraph consisting of a sequence of lines that are
+centered within the left and right margins on the current page. Use
+double-backslash to get a line break at a particular spot (*note \\::).
+If some text environment body is too long to fit on a line, LaTeX will
+insert line breaks that avoid hyphenation and avoid stretching or
+shrinking any interword space.
This environment inserts space above and below the text body. See
*note \centering:: to avoid such space, for example inside a 'figure'
environment.
- In this example, depending on the line width, LaTeX may choose a
-break for the part before the double backslash, will center the line or
-two, then will break at the double backslash, and will center the
+ This example produces three centered lines. There is extra vertical
+space between the last two lines.
+
+ \begin{center}
+ A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fufillment \\
+ of the Requirements of \\[0.5ex]
+ the School of Environmental Engineering
+ \end{center}
+
+ In this example, depending on the page's line width, LaTeX may choose
+a line break for the part before the double backslash. If so, it will
+center each of the two lines and if not it will center the single line.
+Then LaTeX will break at the double backslash, and will center the
ending.
\begin{center}
@@ -1628,7 +2153,7 @@ ending.
8.3.1 '\centering'
------------------
-Declaration that causes material in its scope to be centered. It is
+A declaration that causes material in its scope to be centered. It is
most often used inside an environment such as 'figure', or in a
'parbox'.
@@ -1673,17 +2198,18 @@ typeset in bold, flush-left. Each item's text may contain multiple
paragraphs. Although the labels on the items are optional there is no
sensible default, so all items should have labels.
- The list consists of at least one item; see *note \item:: (having no
-items causes the LaTeX error 'Something's wrong--perhaps a missing
-\item'). Each item is produced with an '\item' command.
+ The list consists of at least one item, created with the '\item'
+command (*note \item::). Having no items causes the LaTeX error
+'Something's wrong--perhaps a missing \item').
Since the labels are in bold style, if the label text calls for a
font change given in argument style (see *note Font styles::) then it
will come out bold. For instance, if the label text calls for
typewriter with '\item[\texttt{label text}]' then it will appear in bold
-typewriter, if that is available. The simplest way to get non-bolded
-typewriter is to use declaritive style '\item[{\tt label text}]'.
-Similarly, get normal text use '\item[{\rm label text}]'.
+typewriter, if that is available. The simplest way to get non-bold
+typewriter is to use declarative style: '\item[{\tt label text}]'.
+Similarly, to get the standard roman font, use '\item[{\rm label
+text}]'.
For other major LaTeX labelled list environments, see *note itemize::
and *note enumerate::. For information about customizing list layout,
@@ -1703,7 +2229,7 @@ definitions.
Synopsis:
\begin{displaymath}
- .. math text ..
+ ... math text ...
\end{displaymath}
Environment to typeset the math text on its own line, in display
@@ -1942,7 +2468,7 @@ Floats::.
The figure body is typeset in a 'parbox' of width '\textwidth' and so
it can contain text, commands, etc.
- The label is optional; it is used for cross-references (*note Cross
+ The label is optional; it is used for cross references (*note Cross
references::). The optional '\caption' command specifies caption text
for the figure. By default it is numbered. If LOFTITLE is present, it
is used in the list of figures instead of TITLE (*note Tables of
@@ -2074,7 +2600,7 @@ Synopsis:
\end{itemize}
The 'itemize' environment produces an "unordered", "bulleted" list.
-Itemizations can be nested within one another, up to four levels deep.
+Itemized lists can be nested within one another, up to four levels deep.
They can also be nested within other paragraph-making environments, such
as 'enumerate' (*note enumerate::).
@@ -2194,6 +2720,9 @@ empty, i.e., '{}', which leaves the default spacing.
The width used for typesetting the list items is specified by
'\linewidth' (*note Page layout parameters::).
+8.16.1 '\item': An entry in a list.
+-----------------------------------
+
Synopsis:
\item text of item
@@ -2285,6 +2814,11 @@ a length of 2.54 centimeters.
'\setlength' command, outside of a 'picture' environment. The default
value is '1pt'.
+ The 'picture' package redefine the 'picture' environment so that
+everywhere a number is used in a PICTURE COMMANDS to specify a
+coordinate, one can use alternatively a length. Be aware however that
+this will prevent scaling those lengths by changing '\unitlength'.
+
A "position" is a pair of coordinates, such as '(2.4,-5)', specifying
the point with x-coordinate '2.4' and y-coordinate '-5'. Coordinates
are specified in the usual way with respect to an origin, which is
@@ -2564,7 +3098,7 @@ short quotation or a sequence of short quotations.
\begin{quotation}
\it Four score and seven years ago
- .. shall not perish from the earth.
+ ... shall not perish from the earth.
\hspace{1em plus 1fill}---Abraham Lincoln
\end{quotation}
@@ -2681,7 +3215,7 @@ placement algorithm, see *note Floats::.
The table body is typeset in a 'parbox' of width '\textwidth' and so
it can contain text, commands, etc.
- The label is optional; it is used for cross-references (*note Cross
+ The label is optional; it is used for cross references (*note Cross
references::). The optional '\caption' command specifies caption text
for the table. By default it is numbered. If LOTTITLE is present, it
is used in the list of tables instead of TITLE (*note Tables of
@@ -2744,7 +3278,7 @@ WIDTH
should be rubber, as with '@{\extracolsep{\fill}}', to allow the
table to stretch or shrink to make the specified width, or else you
are likely to get the 'Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in alignment
- ..' warning.
+ ...' warning.
POS
Optional. Specifies the table's vertical position. The default is
@@ -2779,15 +3313,15 @@ COLS
TEXT OR SPACE material is typeset in LR mode. This text is
fragile (*note \protect::).
- This specifier is optional: unless you put in your own
- @-expression then LaTeX's book, article, and report classes
- will put on either side of each column a space of length
- '\tabcolsep', which by default is '6pt'. That is, by default
- adjacent columns are separated by 12pt (so '\tabcolsep' is
- misleadingly-named since it is not the separation between
- tabular columns). Also by default a space of 6pt comes before
- the first column as well as after the final column, unless you
- put a '@{..}' or '|' there.
+ This specifier is optional: with no @-expression, LaTeX's
+ 'book', 'article', and 'report' classes will put on either
+ side of each column a space of length '\tabcolsep', which by
+ default is '6pt'. That is, by default adjacent columns are
+ separated by 12pt (so '\tabcolsep' is misleadingly-named since
+ it is not the separation between tabular columns). By
+ implication, a space of 6pt also comes before the first column
+ and after the final column, unless you put a '@{...}' or '|'
+ there.
If you override the default and use an @-expression then you
must insert any desired space yourself, as in
@@ -2799,7 +3333,7 @@ COLS
\begin{flushleft}
\begin{tabular}{@{}l}
- ..
+ ...
\end{tabular}
\end{flushleft}
@@ -2849,7 +3383,7 @@ COLS
integer and COLS is a list of specifiers. Thus
'\begin{tabular}{|*{3}{l|r}|}' is equivalent to
'\begin{tabular}{|l|rl|rl|r|}'. Note that COLS may contain
- another '*-expression'.
+ another '*'-expression.
Parameters that control formatting:
@@ -2895,7 +3429,7 @@ spanned by the single heading 'Name'.
\begin{tabular}{lccl}
\textit{ID} &\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textit{Name}} &\textit{Age} \\ \hline % row one
978-0-393-03701-2 &O'Brian &Patrick &55 \\ % row two
- ..
+ ...
\end{tabular}
What counts as a column is: the column format specifier for the
@@ -2907,7 +3441,7 @@ and 'p{1.5in}|'.
The COLS argument overrides the 'array' or 'tabular' environment's
intercolumn area default adjoining this multicolumn entry. To affect
that area, this argument can contain vertical bars '|' indicating the
-placement of vertical rules, and '@{..}' expressions. Thus if COLS is
+placement of vertical rules, and '@{...}' expressions. Thus if COLS is
'|c|' then this multicolumn entry will be centered and a vertical rule
will come in the intercolumn area before it and after it. This table
details the exact behavior.
@@ -2918,6 +3452,7 @@ details the exact behavior.
&\multicolumn{1}{|r}{y} % entry three
&z % entry four
\end{tabular}
+
Before the first entry the output will not have a vertical rule
because the '\multicolumn' has the COLS specifier 'r' with no initial
vertical bar. Between entry one and entry two there will be a vertical
@@ -2962,9 +3497,9 @@ commands, no rule appears in the first row.
Draw a vertical line in a 'tabular' or 'array' environment extending the
full height and depth of an entry's row. Can also be used in an
@-expression, although its synonym vertical bar '|' is more common.
-This command is rarely used; typically a table's vertical lines are
-specified in 'tabular''s COLS argument and overriden as needed with
-'\multicolumn'.
+This command is rarely used in the body of a table; typically a table's
+vertical lines are specified in 'tabular''s COLS argument and overridden
+as needed with '\multicolumn'.
This example illustrates some pitfalls. In the first line's second
entry the '\hfill' moves the '\vline' to the left edge of the cell. But
@@ -3055,14 +3590,15 @@ Synopsis:
The '\bibitem' command generates an entry labelled by LABEL. If the
LABEL argument is missing, a number is automatically generated using the
-'enumi' counter. The CITE_KEY is any sequence of letters, numbers, and
-punctuation symbols not containing a comma.
+'enumi' counter. The CITE_KEY is a "citation key" consisting in any
+sequence of letters, numbers, and punctuation symbols not containing a
+comma.
This command writes an entry to the '.aux' file containing the item's
-CITE_KEY and label. When the '.aux' file is read by the
-'\begin{document}' command, the item's 'label' is associated with
-'cite_key', causing references to CITE_KEY with a '\cite' command (see
-next section) to produce the associated label.
+CITE_KEY and LABEL. When the '.aux' file is read by the
+'\begin{document}' command, the item's LABEL is associated with
+'cite_key', causing references to CITE_KEY with a '\cite' command (*note
+\cite::) to produce the associated LABEL.
8.24.2 '\cite'
--------------
@@ -3071,9 +3607,10 @@ Synopsis:
\cite[SUBCITE]{KEYS}
- The KEYS argument is a list of one or more citation keys, separated
-by commas. This command generates an in-text citation to the references
-associated with KEYS by entries in the '.aux' file.
+ The KEYS argument is a list of one or more citation keys (*note
+\bibitem::), separated by commas. This command generates an in-text
+citation to the references associated with KEYS by entries in the '.aux'
+file.
The text of the optional SUBCITE argument appears after the citation.
For example, '\cite[p.~314]{knuth}' might produce '[Knuth, p. 314]'.
@@ -3081,7 +3618,9 @@ For example, '\cite[p.~314]{knuth}' might produce '[Knuth, p. 314]'.
8.24.3 '\nocite'
----------------
-'\nocite{KEYS}'
+Synopsis:
+
+ \nocite{KEYS}
The '\nocite' command produces no text, but writes KEYS, which is a
list of one or more citation keys, to the '.aux' file.
@@ -3100,7 +3639,7 @@ your bibliography, you don't use the 'thebibliography' environment
The '\bibliographystyle' command does not produce any output of its
own. Rather, it defines the style in which the bibliography will be
produced: BIBSTYLE refers to a file BIBSTYLE'.bst', which defines how
-your citations will look. The standard STYLE names distributed with
+your citations will look. The standard BIBSTYLE names distributed with
BibTeX are:
'alpha'
@@ -3119,9 +3658,9 @@ demands of various publications. See
The '\bibliography' command is what actually produces the
bibliography. The argument to '\bibliography' refers to files named
-'BIBFILE.bib', which should contain your database in BibTeX format.
-Only the entries referred to via '\cite' and '\nocite' will be listed in
-the bibliography.
+'BIBFILE1.bib', 'BIBFILE2.bib', ..., which should contain your database
+in BibTeX format. Only the entries referred to via '\cite' and
+'\nocite' will be listed in the bibliography.
8.25 'theorem'
==============
@@ -3142,16 +3681,38 @@ under '\newtheorem' (*note \newtheorem::).
Synopsis:
\begin{titlepage}
- TEXT
+ ... text and spacing ...
\end{titlepage}
- The 'titlepage' environment creates a title page, i.e., a page with
-no printed page number or heading. It also causes the following page to
-be numbered page one. Formatting the title page is left to you. The
-'\today' command may be useful on title pages (*note \today::).
+ Create a title page, a page with no printed page number or heading.
+The following page will be numbered page one.
- You can use the '\maketitle' command (*note \maketitle::) to produce
-a standard title page without a 'titlepage' environment.
+ To instead produce a standard title page without a 'titlepage'
+environment you can use '\maketitle' (*note \maketitle::).
+
+ Notice in this example that all formatting, including vertical
+spacing, is left to the author.
+
+ \begin{titlepage}
+ \vspace*{\stretch{1}}
+ \begin{center}
+ {\huge\bfseries Thesis \\[1ex]
+ title} \\[6.5ex]
+ {\large\bfseries Author name} \\
+ \vspace{4ex}
+ Thesis submitted to \\[5pt]
+ \textit{University name} \\[2cm]
+ in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of \\[2cm]
+ \textsc{\Large Doctor of Philosophy} \\[2ex]
+ \textsc{\large Mathematics} \\[12ex]
+ \vfill
+ Department of Mathematics \\
+ Address \\
+ \vfill
+ \today
+ \end{center}
+ \vspace{\stretch{2}}
+ \end{titlepage}
8.27 'verbatim'
===============
@@ -3238,7 +3799,7 @@ particular, to start a new paragraph instead leave a blank line. This
command is mostly used outside of the main flow of text such as in a
'tabular' or 'array' environment.
- Under ordinary circumstances (e.g., outside of a 'p{..}' column in a
+ Under ordinary circumstances (e.g., outside of a 'p{...}' column in a
'tabular' environment) the '\newline' command is a synonym for '\\'
(*note \newline::).
@@ -3265,7 +3826,7 @@ In ordinary text this is equivalent to double-backslash (*note \\::); it
breaks a line, with no stretching of the text before it.
Inside a 'tabular' or 'array' environment, in a column with a
-specifier producing a paragraph box, like typically 'p{..}', '\newline'
+specifier producing a paragraph box, like typically 'p{...}', '\newline'
will insert a line break inside of the column, that is, it does not
break the entire row. To break the entire row use '\\' or its
equivalent '\tabularnewline'.
@@ -3291,7 +3852,14 @@ one. The '\-' command is used for the exceptional cases.
hyphenated at those points and not at any of the hyphenation points that
LaTeX might otherwise have chosen.
-9.5 '\fussy'
+9.5 '\discretionary' (generalized hyphenation point)
+====================================================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+ \discretionary{PRE-BREAK-TEXT}{POST-BREAK-TEXT}{NO-BREAK-TEXT}
+
+9.6 '\fussy'
============
The declaration '\fussy' (which is the default) makes TeX picky about
@@ -3299,9 +3867,9 @@ line breaking. This usually avoids too much space between words, at the
cost of an occasional overfull box.
This command cancels the effect of a previous '\sloppy' command
-(*note \sloppy::.
+(*note \sloppy::).
-9.6 '\sloppy'
+9.7 '\sloppy'
=============
The declaration '\sloppy' makes TeX less fussy about line breaking.
@@ -3309,7 +3877,7 @@ This will avoid overfull boxes, at the cost of loose interword spacing.
Lasts until a '\fussy' command is issued (*note \fussy::).
-9.7 '\hyphenation'
+9.8 '\hyphenation'
==================
Synopsis:
@@ -3325,7 +3893,7 @@ words):
\hyphenation{ap-pen-dix col-umns data-base data-bases}
-9.8 '\linebreak' & '\nolinebreak'
+9.9 '\linebreak' & '\nolinebreak'
=================================
Synopses:
@@ -3518,7 +4086,8 @@ set at the bottom of the page.
\textit{HMS Sophie} &Master and Commander \\
\textit{HMS Polychrest} &Post Captain \\
\textit{HMS Lively} &Post Captain \\
- \textit{HMS Surprise} &A number of books\footnote{Starting with HMS Surprise.}
+ \textit{HMS Surprise} &A number of books\footnote{Starting with
+ HMS Surprise.}
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
@@ -3527,7 +4096,7 @@ set at the bottom of the page.
\begin{center}
\begin{minipage}{.5\textwidth}
- .. tabular material ..
+ ... tabular material ...
\end{minipage}
\end{center}
@@ -3552,23 +4121,24 @@ other footnotes.
11.5 Footnotes in section headings
==================================
-Putting a footnote in a section heading
+Putting a footnote in a section heading, as in:
- \section{Full sets\protect\footnote{This material is due to R~Jones.}}
+ \section{Full sets\protect\footnote{This material due to ...}}
- causes the footnote to appear both at the bottom of the page where
-the section starts and at the bottom of the table of contents page. To
-have it not appear on the table of contents use the package 'footmisc'
-with the 'stable' option.
+causes the footnote to appear at the bottom of the page where the
+section starts, as usual, but also at the bottom of the table of
+contents, where it is not likely to be desired. To have it not appear
+on the table of contents use the package 'footmisc' with the 'stable'
+option.
\usepackage[stable]{footmisc}
- ..
+ ...
\begin{document}
- ..
- \section{Full sets\footnote{This material is due to R~Jones.}}
+ ...
+ \section{Full sets\footnote{This material due to ...}}
- Note that the '\protect' is gone; putting it in causes the footnote
-to reappear on the table of contents.
+ Note that the '\protect' is gone; including it would cause the
+footnote to reappear on the table of contents.
11.6 Footnotes of footnotes
===========================
@@ -3581,12 +4151,12 @@ including allow these two, as in this example.
\usepackage{bigfoot}
\DeclareNewFootnote{Default}
\DeclareNewFootnote{from}[alph] % create class \footnotefrom{}
- ..
+ ...
\begin{document}
- ..
+ ...
The third theorem is a partial converse of the
second.\footnotefrom{First noted in Wilson.\footnote{Second edition only.}}
- ..
+ ...
11.7 Multiple references to footnotes
=====================================
@@ -3596,13 +4166,13 @@ the package 'cleverref'.
\usepackage{cleveref}[2012/02/15] % this version of package or later
\crefformat{footnote}{#2\footnotemark[#1]#3}
- ..
+ ...
\begin{document}
- ..
+ ...
The theorem is from Evers.\footnote{\label{fn:TE}Tinker and Evers, 1994.}
The corollary is from Chance.\footnote{Evers and Chance, 1990.}
But the key lemma is from Tinker.\cref{fn:TE}
- ..
+ ...
This solution will work with the package 'hyperref'. See *note
\footnotemark:: for a simpler solution in the common case of multiple
@@ -3635,84 +4205,90 @@ LaTeX has support for making new commands of many different kinds.
'\newcommand' and '\renewcommand' define and redefine a command,
respectively. Synopses:
- \newcommand{CMD}[NARGS][OPTARGDEFAULT]{DEFN}
- \newcommand*{CMD}[NARGS][OPTARGDEFAULT]{DEFN}
- \renewcommand{CMD}[NARGS][OPTARGDEFAULT]{DEFN}
- \renewcommand*{CMD}[NARGS][OPTARGDEFAULT]{DEFN}
+ \newcommand{\CMD}[NARGS][OPTARGDEFAULT]{DEFN}
+ \newcommand*{\CMD}[NARGS][OPTARGDEFAULT]{DEFN}
+ \renewcommand{\CMD}[NARGS][OPTARGDEFAULT]{DEFN}
+ \renewcommand*{\CMD}[NARGS][OPTARGDEFAULT]{DEFN}
- The '*'-form of these two commands requires that the arguments not
-contain multiple paragraphs of text (not '\long', in plain TeX terms).
+ The starred form of these two commands requires that the arguments
+not contain multiple paragraphs of text (not '\long', in plain TeX
+terms).
CMD
- Required; the command name. It must begin with '\'. For
- '\newcommand', it must not be already defined and must not begin
- with '\end'. For '\renewcommand', it must already be defined.
+ Required; '\CMD' is the command name. For '\newcommand', it must
+ not be already defined and must not begin with '\end'. For
+ '\renewcommand', it must already be defined.
NARGS
Optional; an integer from 0 to 9, specifying the number of
- arguments that the command will take. If this argument is not
- present, the default is for the command to have no arguments. When
- redefining a command, the new version can have a different number
- of arguments than the old version.
+ arguments that the command can take, including any optional
+ argument. If this argument is not present, the default is for the
+ command to have no arguments. When redefining a command, the new
+ version can have a different number of arguments than the old
+ version.
OPTARGDEFAULT
Optional; if this argument is present then the first argument of
- defined command \CMD is optional, with default value OPTARGDEFAULT
- (which may be the empty string). If this argument is not present
- then \CMD does not take an optional argument.
+ defined command '\CMD' is optional, with default value
+ OPTARGDEFAULT (which may be the empty string). If this argument is
+ not present then '\CMD' does not take an optional argument.
- That is, if \CMD is used with square brackets following, as in
- '\CMD[MYVAL]', then within DEFN '#1' expands MYVAL. While if \CMD
- is called without square brackets following, then within DEFN the
- '#1' expands to the default OPTARGDEFAULT. In either case, any
- required arguments will be referred to starting with '#2'.
+ That is, if '\CMD' is used with square brackets following, as in
+ '\CMD[MYVAL]', then within DEFN the first "positional parameter"
+ '#1' expands MYVAL. On the other hand, if '\CMD' is called without
+ square brackets following, then within DEFN the positional
+ parameter '#1' expands to the default OPTARGDEFAULT. In either
+ case, any required arguments will be referred to starting with
+ '#2'.
- Omitting '[MYVAL]' in the call is different from having the square
+ Omitting '[MYVAL]' in a call is different from having the square
brackets with no contents, as in '[]'. The former results in '#1'
expanding to OPTARGDEFAULT; the latter results in '#1' expanding to
the empty string.
DEFN
- The text to be substituted for every occurrence of 'cmd'; a
- construct of the form '#N' in DEFN is replaced by the text of the
+ The text to be substituted for every occurrence of '\CMD'; the
+ positional parameter '#N' in DEFN is replaced by the text of the
Nth argument.
- A command with no arguments that is followed in the source by a space
-will swallow that space. The solution is to type '{}' after the command
-and before the space.
+ TeX ignores spaces in the source following an alphabetic control
+sequence, as in '\cmd '. If you actually want a space there, one
+solution is to type '{}' after the command ('\cmd{} '; another solution
+is to use an explicit control space ('\cmd\ ').
- A simple example of defining a new command: '\newcommand{\JH}{Jim
-Hef{}feron}' causes the abbreviation '\JH' to be replaced by the longer
-text.
+ A simple example of defining a new command: '\newcommand{\RS}{Robin
+Smith}' results in '\RS' being replaced by the longer text.
- Redefining a command is basically the same:
+ Redefining an existing command is similar:
'\renewcommand{\qedsymbol}{{\small QED}}'.
- Here's a command definition that uses arguments:
+ Here's a command definition with one required argument:
- \newcommand{\defreference}[1]{Definition~\ref{#1}}
+ \newcommand{\defref}[1]{Definition~\ref{#1}}
-Then, '\defreference{def:basis}' will expand to something like
-'Definition~3.14'.
+Then, '\defref{def:basis}' expands to 'Definition~\ref{def:basis}',
+which will ultimately expand to something like 'Definition~3.14'.
- An example with two arguments:
-'\newcommand{\nbym}[2]{#1\!\times\!#2}' is invoked as '\nbym{2}{k}'.
+ An example with two required arguments: '\newcommand{\nbym}[2]{$#1
+\times #2$}' is invoked as '\nbym{2}{k}'.
- An example with optional arguments:
+ An example with an optional argument:
\newcommand{\salutation}[1][Sir or Madam]{Dear #1:}
Then, '\salutation' gives 'Dear Sir or Madam:' while '\salutation[John]'
gives 'Dear John:'. And '\salutation[]' gives 'Dear :'.
- The braces around DEFN do not delimit the scope of the result of
-expanding DEFN. So '\newcommand{\shipname}[1]{\it #1}' is wrong since
-in the sentence
+ The braces around DEFN do not define a group, that is, they do not
+delimit the scope of the result of expanding DEFN. So
+'\newcommand{\shipname}[1]{\it #1}' is problematic; in this sentence,
- The \shipname{Monitor} met the \shipname{Virginia}.
+ The \shipname{Monitor} met the \shipname{Merrimac}.
-the words 'met the' will incorrectly be in italics. An extra pair of
-braces '\newcommand{\shipname}[1]{{\it #1}}' fixes it.
+the words 'met the' would incorrectly be in italics. Another pair of
+braces in the definition is needed, like this:
+'\newcommand{\shipname}[1]{{\it #1}}'. Those braces are part of the
+definition and thus do define a group.
12.2 '\providecommand'
======================
@@ -3732,21 +4308,24 @@ loaded more than once.
12.3 '\newcounter': Allocating a counter
========================================
-Synopsis:
+Synopsis, one of:
+ \newcounter{COUNTERNAME}
\newcounter{COUNTERNAME}[SUPERCOUNTER]
- The '\newcounter' command globally defines a new counter named
-COUNTERNAME. The name consists of letters only and does not begin with
-a backslash ('\'). The name must not already be used by another
-counter. The new counter is initialized to zero.
+ Globally defines a new counter named COUNTERNAME and initialize the
+new counter to zero.
- If the optional argument '[SUPERCOUNTER]' appears, then COUNTERNAME
+ The name COUNTERNAME must consists of letters only, and does not
+begin with a backslash. This name must not already be in use by another
+counter.
+
+ When you use the optional argument '[SUPERCOUNTER]' then COUNTERNAME
will be numbered within, or subsidiary to, the existing counter
SUPERCOUNTER. For example, ordinarily 'subsection' is numbered within
-'section'. Any time SUPERCOUNTER is incremented with '\stepcounter'
-(*note \stepcounter::) or '\refstepcounter' (*note \refstepcounter::)
-then COUNTERNAME is reset to zero.
+'section' so that any time SUPERCOUNTER is incremented with
+'\stepcounter' (*note \stepcounter::) or '\refstepcounter' (*note
+\refstepcounter::) then COUNTERNAME is reset to zero.
*Note Counters::, for more information about counters.
@@ -3784,32 +4363,34 @@ backslash ('\'), and must not be already defined.
============================================
These commands define or redefine an environment ENV, that is,
-'\begin{ENV} ... \end{ENV}'. Synopses:
+'\begin{ENV} BODY \end{ENV}'. Synopses:
- \newenvironment{ENV}[NARGS][OPTARGDEFAULT]{BEGDEFN}{ENDDEFN}
+ \newenvironment{ENV}[NARGS][OPTARGDEFAULT]{BEGDEFN}{ENDDEFN}
\newenvironment*{ENV}[NARGS][OPTARGDEFAULT]{BEGDEFN}{ENDDEFN}
- \renewenvironment{ENV}[NARGS][OPTARGDEFAULT]{BEGDEFN}{ENDDEFN}
+ \renewenvironment{ENV}[NARGS][OPTARGDEFAULT]{BEGDEFN}{ENDDEFN}
\renewenvironment*{ENV}[NARGS][OPTARGDEFAULT]{BEGDEFN}{ENDDEFN}
- Unlike '\newcommand' and '\renewcommand', the '*'-forms
-'\newenvironment*' and '\renewcommand*' have the same effect as the
-forms with no '*'.
+ The starred form of these commands requires that the arguments not
+contain multiple paragraphs of text. The body of these environments can
+still contain multiple paragraphs.
ENV
- Required; the environment name. It does not begin with backslash
- ('\'). It must not begin with the string 'end'. For
- '\newenvironment', the name ENV must not be the name of an already
- existing environment, and also the command '\ENV' must be
- undefined. For '\renewenvironment', ENV must be the name of an
- existing environment.
+ Required; the environment name. It consists only of letters or the
+ '*' character, and thus does not begin with backslash ('\'). It
+ must not begin with the string 'end'. For '\newenvironment', the
+ name ENV must not be the name of an already existing environment,
+ and also the command '\ENV' must be undefined. For
+ '\renewenvironment', ENV must be the name of an existing
+ environment.
NARGS
Optional; an integer from 0 to 9 denoting the number of arguments
- of that the environment will take. These arguments appear after
- the '\begin', as in '\begin{ENV}{ARG1}...{ARGN}'. If this argument
- is not present then the default is for the environment to have no
- arguments. When redefining an environment, the new version can
- have a different number of arguments than the old version.
+ of that the environment will take. When the environment is used
+ these arguments appear after the '\begin', as in
+ '\begin{ENV}{ARG1}...{ARGN}'. If this argument is not present then
+ the default is for the environment to have no arguments. When
+ redefining an environment, the new version can have a different
+ number of arguments than the old version.
OPTARGDEFAULT
Optional; if this argument is present then the first argument of
@@ -3820,11 +4401,12 @@ OPTARGDEFAULT
That is, when '[OPTARGDEFAULT]' is present in the environment
definition, if '\begin{ENV}' is used with square brackets
- following, as in '\begin{ENV}[MYVAL]', then within the environment
- '#1' expands MYVAL. If '\begin{ENV}' is called without square
- brackets following, then within the environment the '#1' expands to
- the default OPTARGDEFAULT. In either case, any required arguments
- will be referred to starting with '#2'.
+ following, as in '\begin{ENV}[MYVAL]', then, within BEGDEFN, the
+ positional parameter '#1' expands to MYVAL. If '\begin{ENV}' is
+ called without square brackets following, then, within within
+ BEGDEFN, the positional parameter '#1' expands to the default
+ OPTARGDEFAULT. In either case, any required arguments will be
+ referred to starting with '#2'.
Omitting '[MYVAL]' in the call is different from having the square
brackets with no contents, as in '[]'. The former results in '#1'
@@ -3832,22 +4414,22 @@ OPTARGDEFAULT
the empty string.
BEGDEFN
- Required; the text expanded at every occurrence of '\begin{ENV}'; a
- construct of the form '#N' in BEGDEF is replaced by the text of the
- Nth argument.
+ Required; the text expanded at every occurrence of '\begin{ENV}'.
+ Within BEGDEF, the Nth positional parameter (i.e., '#N') is
+ replaced by the text of the Nth argument.
ENDDEFN
Required; the text expanded at every occurrence of '\end{ENV}'.
- Note that it may not contain any argument parameters, so '#N'
- cannot be used here.
+ This may not contain any positional parameters, so '#N' cannot be
+ used here (but see the final example below).
- The environment ENV delimits the scope of the result of expanding
-BEGDEFN and ENDDEFN. Thus, in the first example below, the effect of
-the '\small' is limited to the quote and does not extend to material
-following the environment.
+ All environments, that is to say the BEGDEFN code, the environment
+body and the ENDDEFN code, are processed within a group. Thus, in the
+first example below, the effect of the '\small' is limited to the quote
+and does not extend to material following the environment.
This example gives an environment like LaTeX's 'quotation' except
-that it will be set in smaller type.
+that it will be set in smaller type:
\newenvironment{smallquote}{%
\small\begin{quotation}
@@ -3855,8 +4437,8 @@ that it will be set in smaller type.
\end{quotation}
}
- This shows the use of arguments; it gives a quotation environment
-that cites the author.
+ This one shows the use of arguments; it gives a quotation environment
+that cites the author:
\newenvironment{citequote}[1][Shakespeare]{%
\begin{quotation}
@@ -3865,15 +4447,15 @@ that cites the author.
\end{quotation}
}
-The author's name is optional, and defaults to Shakespeare. In the
-document, use the environment as here:
+The author's name is optional, and defaults to 'Shakespeare'. In the
+document, use the environment like this:
\begin{citequote}[Lincoln]
- ..
+ ...
\end{citequote}
The final example shows how to save the value of an argument to use
-in ENDDEFN.
+in ENDDEFN, in this case in a box (*note \sbox::):
\newsavebox{\quoteauthor}
\newenvironment{citequote}[1][Shakespeare]{%
@@ -3887,33 +4469,33 @@ in ENDDEFN.
12.7 '\newtheorem'
==================
-Define a new "theorem-like environment". Synopses:
+Define a new theorem-like environment. Synopses:
+ \newtheorem{NAME}{TITLE}
\newtheorem{NAME}{TITLE}[NUMBERED_WITHIN]
\newtheorem{NAME}[NUMBERED_LIKE]{TITLE}
- Both create a theorem-like environment NAME. Using the first form,
-
- \newtheorem{NAME}{TITLE}[NUMBERED_WITHIN]
+ Using the first form, '\newtheorem{NAME}{TITLE}' creates an
+environment that will be labelled with TITLE. See the first example
+below.
-with the optional argument after the second required argument, creates
+ The second form '\newtheorem{NAME}{TITLE}[NUMBERED_WITHIN]' creates
an environment whose counter is subordinate to the existing counter
-NUMBERED_WITHIN: it will be reset when NUMBERED_WITHIN is reset).
-
- Using the second form,
-
- \newtheorem{NAME}[NUMBERED_LIKE]{TITLE}
+NUMBERED_WITHIN (its counter will be reset when NUMBERED_WITHIN is
+reset).
-with the optional argument between the two required arguments, will
-create an environment whose counter will share the previously defined
-counter NUMBERED_LIKE.
+ The third form '\newtheorem{NAME}[NUMBERED_LIKE]{TITLE}', with
+optional argument between the two required arguments, will create an
+environment whose counter will share the previously defined counter
+NUMBERED_LIKE.
You can specify one of NUMBERED_WITHIN and NUMBERED_LIKE, or neither,
but not both.
This command creates a counter named NAME. In addition, unless the
-optional argument NUMBERED_LIKE is used, the current '\ref' value will
-be that of '\theNUMBERED_WITHIN' (*note \ref::).
+optional argument NUMBERED_LIKE is used, inside of the theorem-like
+environment the current '\ref' value will be that of
+'\theNUMBERED_WITHIN' (*note \ref::).
This declaration is global. It is fragile (*note \protect::).
@@ -3943,7 +4525,7 @@ NUMBERED_LIKE
NUMBERED_LIKE.
Without any optional arguments the environments are numbered
-sequentially. This example has a declaration in the preamble that
+sequentially. The example below has a declaration in the preamble that
results in 'Definition 1' and 'Definition 2' in the output.
\newtheorem{defn}{Definition}
@@ -3958,9 +4540,9 @@ results in 'Definition 1' and 'Definition 2' in the output.
Second def
\end{defn}
- Because this example specifies the optional argument NUMBERED_WITHIN
-to '\newtheorem' as 'section', the example, with the same document body,
-gives 'Definition 1.1' and 'Definition 2.1'.
+ Because the next example specifies the optional argument
+NUMBERED_WITHIN to '\newtheorem' as 'section', the example, with the
+same document body, gives 'Definition 1.1' and 'Definition 2.1'.
\newtheorem{defn}{Definition}[section]
\begin{document}
@@ -3974,7 +4556,7 @@ gives 'Definition 1.1' and 'Definition 2.1'.
Second def
\end{defn}
- In this example there are two declarations in the preamble, the
+ In the next example there are two declarations in the preamble, the
second of which calls for the new 'thm' environment to use the same
counter as 'defn'. It gives 'Definition 1.1', followed by 'Theorem 2.1'
and 'Definition 2.2'.
@@ -4027,7 +4609,7 @@ design size, which is a value defined in the '.tfm' file.
characters in each:
\newfont{\testfontat}{cmb10 at 11pt}
- \newfont{\testfontscaled}{cmb10 scaled 11pt}
+ \newfont{\testfontscaled}{cmb10 scaled 1100}
\testfontat abc
\testfontscaled abc
@@ -4037,8 +4619,8 @@ characters in each:
All LaTeX commands are either "fragile" or "robust". Footnotes, line
breaks, any command that has an optional argument, and many more, are
fragile. A fragile command can break when it is used in the argument to
-certain commands. To prevent such commands from breaking they must be
-preceded by the command '\protect'.
+certain commands. To prevent such commands from breaking one solution
+is to have them preceded by the command '\protect'.
For example, when LaTeX runs the '\section{SECTION NAME}' command it
writes the SECTION NAME text to the '.aux' auxiliary file, moving it
@@ -4047,7 +4629,7 @@ contents. Any argument that is internally expanded by LaTeX without
typesetting it directly is referred to as a "moving argument". A
command is fragile if it can expand during this process into invalid TeX
code. Some examples of moving arguments are those that appear in the
-'\caption{..}' command (*note figure::), in the '\thanks{..}' command
+'\caption{...}' command (*note figure::), in the '\thanks{...}' command
(*note \maketitle::), and in @-expressions in the 'tabular' and 'array'
environments (*note tabular::).
@@ -4060,12 +4642,12 @@ are robust and should not be preceded by a '\protect' command. Nor can
a '\protect' command be used in the argument to '\addtocounter' or
'\setcounter' command.
- In this example the 'caption' command gives a mysterious error about
+ In this example the '\caption' command gives a mysterious error about
an extra curly brace. Fix the problem by preceding each '\raisebox'
command with '\protect'.
\begin{figure}
- ..
+ ...
\caption{Company headquarters of A\raisebox{1pt}{B}\raisebox{-1pt}{C}}
\end{figure}
@@ -4076,19 +4658,21 @@ because the '\(..\)' in the section title expands to illegal TeX in the
\begin{document}
\tableofcontents
- ..
+ ...
\section{Einstein's \( e=mc^2 \)}
- ..
+ ...
13 Counters
***********
Everything LaTeX numbers for you has a counter associated with it. The
name of the counter is often the same as the name of the environment or
-command associated with the number, except with no backslash ('\').
-Thus the '\chapter' command starts a chapter and the 'chapter' counter
-keeps track of the chapter number. Below is a list of the counters used
-in LaTeX's standard document classes to control numbering.
+command associated with the number, except that the counter's name has
+no backslash '\'. Thus, associated with the '\chapter' command is the
+'chapter' counter that keeps track of the chapter number.
+
+ Below is a list of the counters used in LaTeX's standard document
+classes to control numbering.
part paragraph figure enumi
chapter subparagraph table enumii
@@ -4097,45 +4681,58 @@ in LaTeX's standard document classes to control numbering.
subsubsection
The 'mpfootnote' counter is used by the '\footnote' command inside of
-a minipage (*note minipage::).
-
- The 'enumi' through 'enumiv' counters are used in the 'enumerate'
-environment, for up to four nested levels (*note enumerate::).
+a minipage (*note minipage::). The counters 'enumi' through 'enumiv'
+are used in the 'enumerate' environment, for up to four levels of
+nesting (*note enumerate::).
New counters are created with '\newcounter'. *Note \newcounter::.
13.1 '\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol': Printing counters
=====================================================================
-All of these commands take a single counter as an argument, for
+Print the value of a counter, in a specified style. For instance, if
+the counter COUNTER has the value 1 then a '\alph{COUNTER}' in your
+source will result in a lower case letter a appearing in the output.
+
+ All of these commands take a single counter as an argument, for
instance, '\alph{enumi}'. Note that the counter name does not start
with a backslash.
-'\alph'
- prints COUNTER using lowercase letters: 'a', 'b', ...
+'\alph{COUNTER}'
+ Print the value of COUNTER in lowercase letters: 'a', 'b', ...
-'\Alph'
- uses uppercase letters: 'A', 'B', ...
+'\Alph{COUNTER}'
+ Print in uppercase letters: 'A', 'B', ...
-'\arabic'
- uses Arabic numbers: '1', '2', ...
+'\arabic{COUNTER}'
+ Print in Arabic numbers: '1', '2', ...
-'\roman'
- uses lowercase roman numerals: 'i', 'ii', ...
+'\roman{COUNTER}'
+ Print in lowercase roman numerals: 'i', 'ii', ...
-'\Roman'
- uses uppercase roman numerals: 'I', 'II', ...
+'\Roman{COUNTER}'
+ Print in uppercase roman numerals: 'I', 'II', ...
-'\fnsymbol'
- prints the value of COUNTER in a specific sequence of nine symbols
+'\fnsymbol{COUNTER}'
+ Prints the value of COUNTER in a specific sequence of nine symbols
(conventionally used for labeling footnotes). The value of COUNTER
must be between 1 and 9, inclusive.
- Here are the symbols (as Unicode code points in ASCII output):
-
- asterisk(*) dagger(U+2021) ddagger(U+2021)
- section-sign(U+00A7) paragraph-sign(U+00B6) parallel(U+2225)
- double-asterisk(**) double-dagger(U+2020U+2020) double-ddagger(U+2021U+2021)
+ Here are the symbols:
+
+ Name Command Equivalent Unicode
+ symbol and/or numeric
+ code point
+ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ asterisk '\ast' *
+ dagger '\dagger' U+2020
+ ddagger '\ddagger' U+2021
+ section-sign '\S' U+00A7
+ paragraph-sign '\P' U+00B6
+ double-vert '\parallel' U+2016
+ double-asterisk '\ast\ast' **
+ double-dagger '\dagger\dagger' U+2020U+2020
+ double-ddagger '\ddagger\ddagger' U+2021U+2021
13.2 '\usecounter{COUNTER}'
===========================
@@ -4203,12 +4800,23 @@ Synopsis:
VALUE argument. Note that the counter name does not start with a
backslash.
+ In this example the section value appears as 'V'.
+
+ \setcounter{section}{5}
+ Here it is in Roman: \Roman{section}.
+
13.5 '\addtocounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}'
====================================
The '\addtocounter' command globally increments COUNTER by the amount
specified by the VALUE argument, which may be negative.
+ In this example the section value appears as 'VII'.
+
+ \setcounter{section}{5}
+ \addtocounter{section}{2}
+ Here it is in Roman: \Roman{section}.
+
13.6 '\refstepcounter{COUNTER}'
===============================
@@ -4318,39 +4926,56 @@ definition given in points.
unit "mu" given by 1 em = 18 mu, where the em is taken from the current
math symbols family. *Note Spacing in math mode::.
-14.2 '\setlength{\LEN}{VALUE}'
-==============================
+14.2 '\setlength'
+=================
+
+Synopsis:
-The '\setlength' sets the value of \LEN to the VALUE argument, which can
-be expressed in any units that LaTeX understands, i.e., inches ('in'),
-millimeters ('mm'), points ('pt'), big points ('bp', etc.
+ \setlength{\LEN}{AMOUNT}
-14.3 '\addtolength{\LEN}{AMOUNT}'
-=================================
+ The '\setlength' sets the value of "length command" '\LEN' to the
+VALUE argument which can be expressed in any units that LaTeX
+understands, i.e., inches ('in'), millimeters ('mm'), points ('pt'), big
+points ('bp'), etc.
+
+14.3 '\addtolength'
+===================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+ \addtolength{\LEN}{AMOUNT}
-The '\addtolength' command increments a "length command" \LEN by the
+ The '\addtolength' command increments a length command '\LEN' by the
amount specified in the AMOUNT argument, which may be negative.
14.4 '\settodepth'
==================
-'\settodepth{\gnat}{text}'
+Synopsis:
+
+ \settodepth{\LEN}{TEXT}
- The '\settodepth' command sets the value of a 'length' command equal
-to the depth of the 'text' argument.
+ The '\settodepth' command sets the value of a length command '\LEN'
+equal to the depth of the TEXT argument.
14.5 '\settoheight'
===================
-'\settoheight{\gnat}{text}'
+Synopsis:
+
+ \settoheight{\LEN}{text}
- The '\settoheight' command sets the value of a 'length' command equal
-to the height of the 'text' argument.
+ The '\settoheight' command sets the value of a length command '\LEN'
+equal to the height of the 'text' argument.
14.6 '\settowidth{\LEN}{TEXT}'
==============================
-The '\settowidth' command sets the value of the command \LEN to the
+Synopsis:
+
+ \settowidth{\LEN}{TEXT}
+
+ The '\settowidth' command sets the value of the command \LEN to the
width of the TEXT argument.
14.7 Predefined lengths
@@ -4370,7 +4995,7 @@ etc., of the text in the box. '\totalheight' equals '\height' +
'\depth'. To make a box with the text stretched to double the natural
size, e.g., say
- '\makebox[2\width]{Get a stretcher}'
+ \makebox[2\width]{Get a stretcher}
15 Making paragraphs
********************
@@ -4397,7 +5022,7 @@ for '12pt'.
When used at the beginning of the paragraph, this command suppresses any
paragraph indentation, as in this example.
- .. end of the prior paragraph.
+ ... end of the prior paragraph.
\noindent This paragraph is not indented.
@@ -4503,8 +5128,8 @@ summations. For example:
==============================
In math mode, use the caret character '^' to make the EXP appear as a
-superscript, ie. type '^{EXP}'. Similarly, in math mode,
-underscore '_{EXP}' makes a subscript out of EXP.
+superscript: '^{EXP}'. Similarly, in math mode, underscore '_{EXP}'
+makes a subscript out of EXP.
In this example the '0' and '1' appear as subscripts while the '2' is
a superscript.
@@ -4542,8 +5167,11 @@ symbol U+03C0.
Below is a list of commonly-available symbols. It is by no means an
exhaustive list. Each symbol here is described with a short phrase, and
its symbol class (which determines the spacing around it) is given in
-parenthesis. The commands for these symbols can be used only in math
-mode.
+parenthesis. Unless said otherwise, the commands for these symbols can
+be used only in math mode.
+
+ To redefine a command so that it can be used whatever the current
+mode, see *note \ensuremath::.
'\|'
U+2225 Parallel (relation). Synonym: '\parallel'.
@@ -4572,7 +5200,7 @@ mode.
reserved for cross-correlation.
'\asymp'
- U+224D Asymptomatically equivalent (relation).
+ U+224D Asymptotically equivalent (relation).
'\backslash'
\ Backslash (ordinary). Similar: set minus '\setminus', and
@@ -4624,15 +5252,15 @@ mode.
U+22C0 Variable-sized, or n-ary, logical-or (operator).
'\bot'
- U+22A5 Up tack, bottom, least element of a poset, or a
- contradiction (ordinary). See also '\top'.
+ U+22A5 Up tack, bottom, least element of a partially ordered set,
+ or a contradiction (ordinary). See also '\top'.
'\bowtie'
U+22C8 Natural join of two relations (relation).
'\Box'
U+25A1 Modal operator for necessity; square open box (ordinary).
- This is not available in Plain TeX. In LaTeX you need to load the
+ Not available in plain TeX. In LaTeX you need to load the
'amssymb' package.
'\bullet'
@@ -4657,8 +5285,8 @@ mode.
'\complement'
U+2201 Set complement, used as a superscript as in
- '$S^\complement$' (ordinary). This is not available in Plain TeX.
- In LaTeX you should load the 'amssymb' package. Also used:
+ '$S^\complement$' (ordinary). Not available in plain TeX. In
+ LaTeX you need to load the 'amssymb' package. Also used:
'$S^{\mathsf{c}}$' or '$\bar{S}$'.
'\cong'
@@ -4688,8 +5316,8 @@ mode.
U+03B4 Greek lower case delta (ordinary).
'\Diamond'
- U+25C7 Large diamond operator (ordinary). This is not available in
- Plain TeX. In LaTeX you must load the 'amssymb' package.
+ U+25C7 Large diamond operator (ordinary). Not available in plain
+ TeX. In LaTeX you need to load the 'amssymb' package.
'\diamond'
U+22C4 Diamond operator, or diamond bullet (binary). Similar:
@@ -4717,13 +5345,14 @@ mode.
U+2113 Lower-case cursive letter l (ordinary).
'\emptyset'
- U+2205 Empty set symbol (ordinary). Similar: reversed empty
- set '\varnothing'.
+ U+2205 Empty set symbol (ordinary). The variant form is
+ '\varnothing'.
'\epsilon'
- U+03F5 Lower case Greek-text letter (ordinary). More widely used
- in mathematics is the curly epsilon '\varepsilon' U+03B5. Related:
- the set membership relation '\in' U+2208.
+ U+03F5 Lower case lunate epsilon (ordinary). Similar to Greek text
+ letter. More widely used in mathematics is the script small letter
+ epsilon '\varepsilon' U+03B5. Related: the set membership relation
+ '\in' U+2208.
'\equiv'
U+2261 Equivalence (relation).
@@ -4784,8 +5413,9 @@ mode.
U+2111 Imaginary part (ordinary). See: real part '\Re'.
'\in'
- U+2208 Set element (relation). See also: lower case Greek letter
- epsilon '\epsilon'U+03F5 and rounded small epsilon '\varepsilon'.
+ U+2208 Set element (relation). See also: lower case lunate
+ epsilon '\epsilon'U+03F5 and small letter script
+ epsilon '\varepsilon'.
'\infty'
U+221E Infinity (ordinary).
@@ -4834,9 +5464,9 @@ mode.
for '\leq'.
'\leadsto'
- U+21DD Squiggly right arrow (relation). This is not available in
- Plain TeX. In LaTeX you should load the 'amssymb' package. To get
- this symbol outside of math mode you can put
+ U+21DD Squiggly right arrow (relation). Not available in plain
+ TeX. In LaTeX you need to load the 'amssymb' package. To get this
+ symbol outside of math mode you can put
'\newcommand*{\Leadsto}{\ensuremath{\leadsto}}' in the preamble and
then use '\Leadsto' instead.
@@ -4867,14 +5497,14 @@ mode.
for '\le'.
'\lfloor'
- U+230A Left floor bracket (opening).
+ U+230A Left floor bracket (opening). Matches: '\floor'.
'\lhd'
- U+25C1 Arrowhead, that is, triangle, pointing left (binary). This
- is not available in Plain TeX. In LaTeX you should load the
- 'amssymb' package. For the normal subgroup symbol you should load
- 'amssymb' and use '\vartriangleleft' (which is a relation and so
- gives better spacing).
+ U+25C1 Arrowhead, that is, triangle, pointing left (binary). Not
+ available in plain TeX. In LaTeX you need to load the 'amssymb'
+ package. For the normal subgroup symbol you should load 'amssymb'
+ and use '\vartriangleleft' (which is a relation and so gives better
+ spacing).
'\ll'
U+226A Much less than (relation). Similar: much greater
@@ -4908,7 +5538,7 @@ mode.
'\mho'
U+2127 Conductance, half-circle rotated capital omega (ordinary).
- This is not available in Plain TeX. In LaTeX you should load the
+ Not available in plain TeX. In LaTeX you need to load the
'amssymb' package.
'\mid'
@@ -5030,21 +5660,20 @@ mode.
U+00B1 Plus or minus (binary).
'\prec'
- U+227A Preceeds (relation). Similar: less than '<'.
+ U+227A Precedes (relation). Similar: less than '<'.
'\preceq'
- U+2AAF Preceeds or equals (relation). Similar: less than or
+ U+2AAF Precedes or equals (relation). Similar: less than or
equals '\leq'.
'\prime'
U+2032 Prime, or minute in a time expression (ordinary). Typically
- used as a superscript '$A^\prime$'. Note that '$f^\prime$' and
- '$f'$' produce the same result. An advantage of the second is that
- '$f'''$' produces the the desired symbol, that is, the same result
- as '$f^{\prime\prime\prime}$', but uses somewhat less typing. Note
- that you can only use '\prime' in math mode but you can type right
- single quote ''' in text mode also, although it resuts in a
- different look than in math mode.
+ used as a superscript: '$f^\prime$'; '$f^\prime$' and '$f'$'
+ produce the same result. An advantage of the second is that
+ '$f'''$' produces the desired symbol, that is, the same result as
+ '$f^{\prime\prime\prime}$', but uses rather less typing. You can
+ only use '\prime' in math mode. Using the right single quote '''
+ in text mode produces a different character (apostrophe).
'\prod'
U+220F Product (operator).
@@ -5059,7 +5688,7 @@ mode.
U+03C8 Lower case Greek letter (ordinary).
'\rangle'
- U+27B9 Right angle, or sequence, bracket (closing). Similar:
+ U+27E9 Right angle, or sequence, bracket (closing). Similar:
greater than '>'. Matches:'\langle'.
'\rbrace'
@@ -5080,19 +5709,24 @@ mode.
'\restriction'
U+21BE Restriction of a function (relation).
- Synonym: '\upharpoonright'. Not available in Plain TeX. In LaTeX
- you should load the 'amssymb' package.
+ Synonym: '\upharpoonright'. Not available in plain TeX. In LaTeX
+ you need to load the 'amssymb' package.
+
+'\revemptyset'
+ U+29B0 Reversed empty set symbol (ordinary). Related:
+ '\varnothing'. Not available in plain TeX. In LaTeX you need to
+ load the 'stix' package.
'\rfloor'
U+230B Right floor bracket, a right square bracket with the top cut
off (closing). Matches '\lfloor'.
'\rhd'
- U+25C1 Arrowhead, that is, triangle, pointing right (binary). This
- is not available in Plain TeX. In LaTeX you should load the
- 'amssymb' package. For the normal subgroup symbol you should
- instead load 'amssymb' and use '\vartriangleright' (which is a
- relation and so gives better spacing).
+ U+25C1 Arrowhead, that is, triangle, pointing right (binary). Not
+ available in plain TeX. In LaTeX you need to load the 'amssymb'
+ package. For the normal subgroup symbol you should instead load
+ 'amssymb' and use '\vartriangleright' (which is a relation and so
+ gives better spacing).
'\rho'
U+03C1 Lower case Greek letter (ordinary). The variant form is
@@ -5144,7 +5778,7 @@ mode.
display (operator).
'\smile'
- U+2323 Upward curving arc (ordinary).
+ U+2323 Upward curving arc, smile (ordinary).
'\spadesuit'
U+2660 Spade card suit (ordinary).
@@ -5159,7 +5793,7 @@ mode.
'\sqsubset'
U+228F Square subset symbol (relation). Similar: subset '\subset'.
- This is not available in Plain TeX. In LaTeX you should load the
+ Not available in plain TeX. In LaTeX you need to load the
'amssymb' package.
'\sqsubseteq'
@@ -5168,8 +5802,8 @@ mode.
'\sqsupset'
U+2290 Square superset symbol (relation). Similar:
- superset '\supset'. This is not available in Plain TeX. In LaTeX
- you should load the 'amssymb' package.
+ superset '\supset'. Not available in plain TeX. In LaTeX you need
+ to load the 'amssymb' package.
'\sqsupseteq'
U+2292 Square superset or equal symbol (binary). Similar: superset
@@ -5207,7 +5841,7 @@ mode.
U+2287 Superset or equal to (relation).
'\surd'
- U+221A Radical symbol (ordinary). The LaTeX command '\sqrt{..}'
+ U+221A Radical symbol (ordinary). The LaTeX command '\sqrt{...}'
typesets the square root of the argument, with a bar that extends
to cover the argument.
@@ -5230,8 +5864,8 @@ mode.
Synonym: '\rightarrow'.
'\top'
- U+22A4 Top, greatest element of a poset (ordinary). See
- also '\bot'.
+ U+22A4 Top, greatest element of a partially ordered set (ordinary).
+ See also '\bot'.
'\triangle'
U+25B3 Triangle (ordinary).
@@ -5249,16 +5883,16 @@ mode.
spacing).
'\unlhd'
- U+22B4 Left-pointing not-filled arrowhead, that is, triangle, with
- a line under (binary). This is not available in Plain TeX. In
- LaTeX you should load the 'amssymb' package. For the normal
+ U+22B4 Left-pointing not-filled underlined arrowhead, that is,
+ triangle, with a line under (binary). Not available in plain TeX.
+ In LaTeX you need to load the 'amssymb' package. For the normal
subgroup symbol load 'amssymb' and use '\vartrianglelefteq' (which
is a relation and so gives better spacing).
'\unrhd'
- U+22B5 Right-pointing not-filled arrowhead, that is, triangle, with
- a line under (binary). This is not available in Plain TeX. In
- LaTeX you should load the 'amssymb' package. For the normal
+ U+22B5 Right-pointing not-filled underlined arrowhead, that is,
+ triangle, with a line under (binary). Not available in plain TeX.
+ In LaTeX you need to load the 'amssymb' package. For the normal
subgroup symbol load 'amssymb' and use '\vartrianglerighteq' (which
is a relation and so gives better spacing).
@@ -5282,8 +5916,8 @@ mode.
'\upharpoonright'
U+21BE Up harpoon, with barb on right side (relation).
- Synonym: '\restriction'. Not available in Plain TeX. In LaTeX you
- should load the 'amssymb' package.
+ Synonym: '\restriction'. Not available in plain TeX. In LaTeX you
+ need to load the 'amssymb' package.
'\uplus'
U+228E Multiset union, a union symbol with a plus symbol in the
@@ -5297,9 +5931,14 @@ mode.
U+03C5 Lower case Greek letter (ordinary).
'\varepsilon'
- U+03B5 Rounded small epsilon (ordinary). This is more widely used
- in mathematics than the non-variant lower case Greek-text letter
- form '\epsilon' U+03F5. Related: set membership '\in'.
+ U+03B5 Small letter script epsilon (ordinary). This is more widely
+ used in mathematics than the non-variant lunate epsilon form
+ '\epsilon' U+03F5. Related: set membership '\in'.
+
+'\vanothing'
+ U+2205 Empty set symbol. Similar: '\emptyset'. Related:
+ '\revemptyset'. Not available in plain TeX. In LaTeX you need to
+ load the 'amssymb' package.
'\varphi'
U+03C6 Variant on the lower case Greek letter (ordinary). The
@@ -5333,7 +5972,7 @@ mode.
U+2016 Vertical double bar (ordinary). Similar: vertical single
bar '\vert'.
- For a norm you can use the 'mathtools' package and add
+ For a norm symbol, you can use the 'mathtools' package and add
'\DeclarePairedDelimiter\norm{\lVert}{\rVert}' to your preamble.
This gives you three command variants for double-line vertical bars
that are correctly horizontally spaced: if in the document body you
@@ -5479,7 +6118,7 @@ spacing.
\sinh
'\sup'
- sup
+ \sup
'\tan'
\tan
@@ -5562,7 +6201,7 @@ following commands for use in math mode:
'\,'
Normally '3mu'. The longer name is '\thinspace'. This can be used
- in both math mode and text mode.
+ in both math mode and text mode. *Note \thinspace::.
'\!'
A negative thin space. Normally '-3mu'. Math mode only.
@@ -5587,7 +6226,22 @@ infinitesimal.
'\*'
A "discretionary" multiplication symbol, at which a line break is
- allowed.
+ allowed. Without the break multiplication is implicitly indicated
+ by a space, while in the case of a break a U+00D7 symbol is printed
+ immediately before the break. So
+
+ \documentclass{article}
+ \begin{document}
+ Now \(A_3 = 0\), hence the product of all terms \(A_1\)
+ through \(A_4\), that is \(A_1\* A_2\* A_3 \* A_4\), is
+ equal to zero.
+ \end{document}
+
+ will make that sort of output (the ellipsis '[...]' is here to show
+ the line break at the same place as in a TeX output):
+
+ Now A_3 = 0, [...] A_1 through A_4, that is A_1 A_2 \times
+ A_3 A_4, is equal to zero.
'\cdots'
A horizontal ellipsis with the dots raised to the center of the
@@ -5596,35 +6250,54 @@ infinitesimal.
'\ddots'
A diagonal ellipsis: \ddots.
-'\frac{num}{den}'
- Produces the fraction 'num' divided by 'den'.
+'\frac{NUM}{DEN}'
+ Produces the fraction NUM divided by DEN.
'\left DELIM1 ... \right DELIM2'
- The two delimiters need not match; '.' acts as a null delimiter,
+ The two delimiters need not match; '.' acts as a "null delimiter",
producing no output. The delimiters are sized according to the
- math in between. Example: '\left( \sum_i=1^10 a_i \right]'.
+ math in between. Example: '\left( \sum_{i=1}^{10} a_i \right]'.
+
+'\mathdollar'
+ Dollar sign in math mode: $.
+
+'\mathellipsis'
+ Ellipsis (spaced for text) in math mode: ....
+
+'\mathparagraph'
+ Paragraph sign (pilcrow) in math mode: U+00B6.
-'\overbrace{TEXT}'
- Generates a brace over TEXT. For example,
- \overbrace{x+\cdots+x}^{k \rm\;times}.
+'\mathsection'
+ Section sign in math mode.
+
+'\mathsterling'
+ Sterling sign in math mode: #.
+
+'\mathunderscore'
+ Underscore in math mode: _.
+
+'\overbrace{MATH}'
+ Generates a brace over MATH. For example,
+ '\overbrace{x+\cdots+x}^{k \;\textrm{times}}'.
'\overline{TEXT}'
- Generates a horizontal line over TEX. For example, \overline{x+y}.
+ Generates a horizontal line over TEX. For example,
+ '\overline{x+y}'.
-'\sqrt[ROOT]{arg}'
+'\sqrt[ROOT]{ARG}'
Produces the representation of the square root of ARG. The
optional argument ROOT determines what root to produce. For
- example, the cube root of 'x+y' would be typed as
- '$\sqrt[3]{x+y}$'.
+ example, the cube root of 'x+y' would be typed as '\sqrt[3]{x+y}'.
'\stackrel{TEXT}{RELATION}'
Puts TEXT above RELATION. For example,
'\stackrel{f}{\longrightarrow}'.
-'\underbrace{math}'
- Generates MATH with a brace underneath.
+'\underbrace{MATH}'
+ Generates MATH with a brace underneath. For example,
+ '\underbrace{x+y+z}_{>\,0}'
-'\underline{text}'
+'\underline{TEXT}'
Causes TEXT, which may be either math mode or not, to be
underlined. The line is always below the text, taking account of
descenders.
@@ -5671,6 +6344,37 @@ in paragraph mode while making a box, it is said to be in "inner
paragraph mode" (no page breaks). Its normal paragraph mode, which it
starts out in, is called "outer paragraph mode".
+17.1 '\ensuremath'
+==================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+ \ensuremath{FORMULA}
+
+ The '\ensuremath' command ensures that FORMULA is typeset in math
+mode whatever the current mode in which the command is used.
+
+ For instance:
+
+ \documentclass{report}
+ \newcommand{\ab}{\ensuremath{(\delta, \varepsilon)}}
+ \begin{document}
+ Now, the \ab\ pair is equal to \(\ab = (\frac{1}{\pi}, 0)\), ...
+ \end{document}
+
+ One can redefine commands that can be used only in math mode so that
+they ca be used in any mode like in the following example given for
+'\leadsto':
+
+ \documentclass{report}
+ \usepackage{amssymb}
+ \newcommand{\originalMeaningOfLeadsTo}{}
+ \let\originalMeaningOfLeadsTo\leadsto
+ \renewcommand\leadsto{\ensuremath{\originalMeaningOfLeadsTo}}
+ \begin{document}
+ All roads \leadsto\ Rome.
+ \end{document}
+
18 Page styles
**************
@@ -5794,7 +6498,7 @@ negative space is like backspacing.
Normally when TeX breaks a paragraph into lines it discards white
space (glues and kerns) that would come at the start of a line, so you
get an inter-word space or a line break between words but not both.
-This command's starred version '\hspace*{..}' puts a non-discardable
+This command's starred version '\hspace*{...}' puts a non-discardable
invisible item in front of the space, so the space appears in the
output.
@@ -5826,7 +6530,7 @@ LaTeX assumes that the period ends a sentence unless it is preceded by a
capital letter, in which case it takes that period for part of an
abbreviation. Note that if a sentence-ending period is immediately
followed by a right parenthesis or bracket, or right single or double
-quote, then the intersentence space follows that parenthesis or quote.
+quote, then the inter-sentence space follows that parenthesis or quote.
If you have a period ending an abbreviation whose last letter is not
a capital letter, and that abbreviation is not the last word in the
@@ -5834,60 +6538,42 @@ sentence, then follow that period with a backslash-space ('\ ') or a tie
('~'). Examples are 'Nat.\ Acad.\ Science', and 'Mr.~Bean', and
'(manure, etc.)\ for sale'.
- For other use of '\ ', see also *note \(SPACE) after CS::.
+ For another use of '\ ', *note \(SPACE) after control sequence::.
In the opposite situation, if you have a capital letter followed by a
-period that ends the sentence, then put '\@' on the left of that period.
-For example, 'book by the MAA\@.' will have intersentence spacing after
-the period.
+period that ends the sentence, then put '\@' before that period. For
+example, 'book by the MAA\@.' will have inter-sentence spacing after the
+period.
- In contrast, putting '\@' on the right of a period tells TeX that the
-period does not end the sentence. In the example 'reserved words (if,
-then, etc.\@) are different', TeX will put interword space after the
-closing parenthesis (note that '\@' is before the parenthesis).
+ In contrast, putting '\@' after a period tells TeX that the period
+does not end the sentence. In the example 'reserved words (if, then,
+etc.\@) are different', TeX will put interword space after the closing
+parenthesis (note that '\@' is before the parenthesis).
-19.4 '\ ' after a control sequence
-==================================
+19.4 '\ ' after control sequence
+================================
The '\ ' command is often used after control sequences to keep them from
-gobbling the space that follows, as in '\TeX\ is a nice system.' And,
-under normal circumstances '\'<tab> and '\'<newline> are equivalent to
-'\ '. For other use of '\ ', see also *note \(SPACE) and \@::.
+gobbling the space that follows, as in '\TeX\ is nice'. And, under
+normal circumstances, '\'<tab> and '\'<newline> are equivalent to '\ '.
+For another use of '\ ', see also *note \(SPACE) and \@::.
Some people prefer to use '{}' for the same purpose, as in '\TeX{} is
-a nice system.' This has the advantage that you can always write it the
-same way, like '\TeX{}', whether it is followed by a space or by a
-punctuation mark. Please compare:
+nice'. This has the advantage that you can always write it the same
+way, namely '\TeX{}', whether it is followed by a space or by a
+punctuation mark. Compare:
\TeX\ is a nice system. \TeX, a nice system.
\TeX{} is a nice system. \TeX{}, a nice system.
- When you define user commands (*note \newcommand & \renewcommand::)
-you can prevent the space gobbling after the command by using the
-package 'xspace' and inserting '\xspace' at the end of the definition
-For instance:
- \documentclass{minimal}
- \usepackage{xspace}
- \newcommand*{\Loup}{Grand Cric\xspace}
- \begin{document}
- Que le \Loup me croque !
- \end{document}
-
- A quick hack to use '\xspace' for existing command is as follows:
- \documentclass{minimal}
- \usepackage{xspace}
- \newcommand*{\SansXspaceTeX}{}
- \let\SansXspaceTeX\TeX
- \renewcommand{\TeX}{\SansXspaceTeX\xspace}
- \begin{document}
- \TeX is a nice system.
- \end{document}
+ Some individual commands, notably those defined with the 'xspace',
+package do not follow the standard behavior.
19.5 '\frenchspacing'
=====================
-This declaration (from Plain TeX) causes LaTeX to treat intersentence
+This declaration (from Plain TeX) causes LaTeX to treat inter-sentence
spacing in the same way as interword spacing.
In justifying the text in a line, some typographic traditions,
@@ -5964,9 +6650,9 @@ this command will not add more space than what is needed to make the
natural length of the total vertical space equal to LENGTH.
Use this command to adjust the vertical space above or below an
-environment that starts a new paragraph. (For instance, a Theorem
-environment is defined to begin and end in '\addvspace{..}' so that two
-consecutive Theorem's are separated by one vertical space, not two.)
+environment that starts a new paragraph. For instance, a Theorem
+environment is defined to begin and end with '\addvspace{...}' so that
+two consecutive Theorem's are separated by one vertical space, not two.
This command is fragile (*note \protect::).
@@ -6031,10 +6717,14 @@ Synopsis, one of these two:
Add the vertical space LENGTH. This can be negative or positive, and
is a rubber length (*note Lengths::).
- LaTeX removes the vertical space from '\vfill' at a page break, that
-is, at the top or bottom of a page. The starred version '\vspace*{..}'
+ LaTeX removes the vertical space from '\vspace' at a page break, that
+is, at the top or bottom of a page. The starred version '\vspace*{...}'
causes the space to stay.
+ If '\vspace' is used in the middle of a paragraph (i.e., in
+horizontal mode), the space is inserted _after_ the line with the
+'\vspace' command. A new paragraph is not started.
+
In this example the two questions will be evenly spaced vertically on
the page, with at least one inch of space below each.
@@ -6084,12 +6774,16 @@ rule and the contents of the box.
20.3 'lrbox'
============
-'\begin{lrbox}{cmd} text \end{lrbox}'
+Synopsis:
+
+ \begin{lrbox}{\CMD}
+ TEXT
+ \end{lrbox}
- This is the environment form of '\sbox'.
+ This is the environment form of *note '\sbox': \sbox.
- The text inside the environment is saved in the box 'cmd', which must
-have been declared with '\newsavebox'.
+ The TEXT inside the environment is saved in the box '\CMD', which
+must have been declared with '\newsavebox'.
20.4 '\makebox'
===============
@@ -6137,9 +6831,12 @@ WIDTH
TEXT
the text that goes inside the parbox.
- The optional POSITION argument allows you to align either the top or
-bottom line in the parbox with the baseline of the surrounding text
-(default is top).
+ By default LaTeX will position vertically a parbox so its center
+lines up with the center of the surrounding text line. When the
+optional POSITION argument is present and equal either to 't' or 'b',
+this allows you respectively to align either the top or bottom line in
+the parbox with the baseline of the surrounding text. You may also
+specify 'm' for POSITION to get the default behaviour.
The optional HEIGHT argument overrides the natural height of the box.
@@ -6161,7 +6858,7 @@ box, as follows; if it is not specified, POSITION is used.
Synopsis:
- \raisebox{distance}[HEIGHT][DEPTH]{text}
+ \raisebox{DISTANCE}[HEIGHT][DEPTH]{TEXT}
The '\raisebox' command raises or lowers TEXT. The first mandatory
argument specifies how high TEXT is to be raised (or lowered if it is a
@@ -6169,7 +6866,7 @@ negative amount). TEXT itself is processed in LR mode.
The optional arguments HEIGHT and DEPTH are dimensions. If they are
specified, LaTeX treats TEXT as extending a certain distance above the
-baseline (height) or below (depth), ignoring its natural height and
+baseline (HEIGHT) or below (DEPTH), ignoring its natural height and
depth.
20.7 '\savebox'
@@ -6215,35 +6912,47 @@ meaning do not correspond to simple characters you can type.
21.1 Reserved characters
========================
-The following characters play a special role in LaTeX and are called
+LaTeX sets aside the following characters for special purposes (for
+example, the percent sign '%' is for comments) so they are called
"reserved characters" or "special characters".
- # $ % & ~ _ ^ \ { }
+ # $ % & { } _ ~ ^ \
+
+ If you want a reserved character to be printed as itself, in the text
+body font, for all but the final three characters in that list simply
+put a backslash '\' in front of the character. Thus, '\$1.23' will
+produce '$1.23' in your output.
- Whenever you write one of these characters into your file, LaTeX will
-do something special. If you simply want the character to be printed as
-itself, include a '\' in front of the character. For example, '\$' will
-produce '$' in your output.
+ As to the last three characters, to get a tilde in the text body font
+use '\~{}' (omitting the curly braces would result in the next character
+receiving a tilde accent). Similarly, to get a get a text body font
+circumflex use '\^{}'. A text body font backslash results from
+'\textbackslash{}'.
- One exception to this rule is '\' itself, because '\\' has its own
-special (context-dependent) meaning. A roman \ is produced by typing
-'$\backslash$' in your file, and a typewriter '\' is produced by using
-'\' in a verbatim command (*note verbatim::).
+ To produce the reserved characters in a typewriter font use
+'\verb!!', as below.
- Also, '\~' and '\^' place tilde and circumflex accents over the
-following letter, as in o~ and o^ (*note Accents::); to get a standalone
-'~' or '^', you can again use a verbatim command.
+ \begin{center}
+ \# \$ \% \& \{ \} \_ \~{} \^{} \textbackslash \\
+ \verb!# $ % & { } _ ~ ^ \!
+ \end{center}
- Finally, you can access any character of the current font once you
-know its number by using the '\symbol' command. For example, the
-visible space character used in the '\verb*' command has the code
-decimal 32, so it can be typed as '\symbol{32}'.
+ In that example the double backslash '\\' is only there to split the
+lines.
- You can also specify octal numbers with ''' or hexadecimal numbers
-with '"', so the previous example could also be written as
-'\symbol{'40}' or '\symbol{"20}'.
+21.2 Symbols by font position
+=============================
-21.2 Text symbols
+You can access any character of the current font using its number with
+the '\symbol' command. For example, the visible space character used in
+the '\verb*' command has the code decimal 32, so it can be typed as
+'\symbol{32}'.
+
+ You can also specify numbers in octal (base 8) by using a ''' prefix,
+or hexadecimal (base 16) with a '"' prefix, so the previous example
+could also be written as '\symbol{'40}' or '\symbol{"20}'.
+
+21.3 Text symbols
=================
LaTeX provides commands to generate a number of non-letter symbols in
@@ -6284,7 +6993,7 @@ available in OT1; you may need to load the 'textcomp' package.
'\P'
'\textparagraph'
- Paragraph sign (pilcrow).
+ Paragraph sign (pilcrow): U+00B6.
'\pounds'
'\textsterling'
@@ -6298,7 +7007,7 @@ available in OT1; you may need to load the 'textcomp' package.
Right (closing) quote: '.
'\S'
- Section symbol.
+ \itemx \textsection Section sign: U+00A7.
'\TeX'
The TeX logo.
@@ -6337,8 +7046,8 @@ available in OT1; you may need to load the 'textcomp' package.
LETTER in a circle, as in (R).
'\textcompwordmark'
-'\textcapitalwordmark'
-'\textascenderwordmark'
+'\textcapitalcompwordmark'
+'\textascendercompwordmark'
Composite word mark (invisible). The '\textcapital...' form has
the cap height of the font, while the '\textascender...' form has
the ascender height.
@@ -6349,7 +7058,7 @@ available in OT1; you may need to load the 'textcomp' package.
'\textdaggerdbl'
Double dagger: \ddag.
-'\textdollar (or '$')'
+'\textdollar (or '\$')'
Dollar sign: $.
'\textemdash (or '---')'
@@ -6378,7 +7087,7 @@ available in OT1; you may need to load the 'textcomp' package.
Feminine and masculine ordinal symbols: a, o.
'\textperiodcentered'
- Centered period: \cdot.
+ Centered period: U+00B7.
'\textquestiondown (or '?`')'
Upside down question mark: ?.
@@ -6386,7 +7095,7 @@ available in OT1; you may need to load the 'textcomp' package.
'\textquotedblleft (or '``')'
Double left quote: ".
-'\textquotedblright (or ''')'
+'\textquotedblright (or '''')'
Double right quote: ".
'\textquoteleft (or '`')'
@@ -6395,6 +7104,9 @@ available in OT1; you may need to load the 'textcomp' package.
'\textquoteright (or ''')'
Single right quote: '.
+'\textquotesingle'
+ Straight single quote. (From TS1 encoding.)
+
'\textquotestraightbase'
'\textquotestraightdblbase'
Single and double straight quotes on the baseline.
@@ -6409,7 +7121,7 @@ available in OT1; you may need to load the 'textcomp' package.
"Three-quarters" em-dash, between en-dash and em-dash.
'\texttrademark'
- Trademark symbol: ^{\hbox{TM}}.
+ Trademark symbol: U+2122.
'\texttwelveudash'
"Two-thirds" em-dash, between en-dash and em-dash.
@@ -6420,7 +7132,7 @@ available in OT1; you may need to load the 'textcomp' package.
'\textvisiblespace'
Visible space symbol.
-21.3 Accents
+21.4 Accents
============
LaTeX has wide support for many of the world's scripts and languages,
@@ -6516,11 +7228,12 @@ capital letters. These are not available with OT1.
'\capitalcaron'
Produces a ha'c<ek (check, caron) accent, as in 'o<'.
-21.4 Non-English characters
-===========================
+21.5 Additional Latin letters
+=============================
-Here are the basic LaTeX commands for inserting characters commonly used
-in languages other than English.
+Here are the basic LaTeX commands for inserting letters (beyond A-Z)
+extending the Latin alphabet, used primarily in languages other than
+English.
'\aa'
'\AA'
@@ -6532,11 +7245,15 @@ in languages other than English.
'\dh'
'\DH'
- Icelandic letter eth: d and D.
+ Icelandic letter eth: d and D. Not available with OT1 encoding, you
+ need the 'fontenc' package to select an alternate font encoding,
+ such as T1.
'\dj'
'\DJ'
Crossed d and D, a.k.a. capital and small letter d with stroke.
+ Not available with OT1 encoding, you need the 'fontenc' package to
+ select an alternate font encoding, such as T1.
'\ij'
'\IJ'
@@ -6548,7 +7265,7 @@ in languages other than English.
'\ng'
'\NG'
- Latin letter eng, also used in phonetics.
+ Lappish letter eng, also used in phonetics.
'\o'
'\O'
@@ -6564,9 +7281,11 @@ in languages other than English.
'\th'
'\TH'
- Icelandic letter thorn: th and TH.
+ Icelandic letter thorn: th and TH. Not available with OT1 encoding,
+ you need the 'fontenc' package to select an alternate font
+ encoding, such as T1.
-21.5 '\rule'
+21.6 '\rule'
============
Synopsis:
@@ -6585,7 +7304,7 @@ WIDTH
THICKNESS
The thickness of the rule (mandatory).
-21.6 '\today'
+21.7 '\today'
=============
The '\today' command produces today's date, in the format 'MONTH DD,
@@ -6593,6 +7312,17 @@ YYYY'; for example, 'July 4, 1976'. It uses the predefined counters
'\day', '\month', and '\year' (*note \day \month \year::) to do this.
It is not updated as the program runs.
+ Multilingual packages like 'babel' or classes like 'lettre', among
+others, will localize '\today'. For example, the following will output
+'4 juillet 1976':
+
+ \year=1976 \month=7 \day=4
+ \documentclass{minimal}
+ \usepackage[french]{babel}
+ \begin{document}
+ \today
+ \end{document}
+
The 'datetime' package, among others, can produce a wide variety of
other date formats.
@@ -6602,7 +7332,7 @@ other date formats.
A large document requires a lot of input. Rather than putting the whole
input in a single large file, it's more efficient to split it into
several smaller ones. Regardless of how many separate files you use,
-there is one that is the root file; it is the one whose name you type
+there is one that is the "root file"; it is the one whose name you type
when you run LaTeX.
*Note filecontents::, for an environment that allows bundling an
@@ -6620,8 +7350,8 @@ executes '\clearpage' to start a new page (*note \clearpage::), then
reads FILE, then does another '\clearpage'.
Given an '\includeonly' command, the '\include' actions are only run
-if FILE is listed as an argument to '\includeonly'. See the next
-section.
+if FILE is listed as an argument to '\includeonly'. See *note
+\includeonly::.
The '\include' command may not appear in the preamble or in a file
read by another '\include' command.
@@ -6635,8 +7365,9 @@ Synopsis:
The '\includeonly' command controls which files will be read by
subsequent '\include' commands. The list of filenames is
-comma-separated. Each FILE must exactly match a filename specified in a
-'\include' command for the selection to be effective.
+comma-separated. Each element FILE1, FILE2, ... must exactly match a
+filename specified in a '\include' command for the selection to be
+effective.
This command can only appear in the preamble.
@@ -6682,8 +7413,12 @@ of these lists from being generated.
23.1.1 '\addcontentsline'
-------------------------
-The '\addcontentsline'{EXT}{UNIT}{TEXT} command adds an entry to the
-specified list or table where:
+Synopsis:
+
+ \addcontentsline{EXT}{UNIT}{TEXT}
+
+ The '\addcontentsline' command adds an entry to the specified list or
+table where:
EXT
The extension of the file on which information is to be written,
@@ -6698,15 +7433,16 @@ UNIT
The name of the sectional unit: 'part', 'chapter', 'section',
'subsection', 'subsubsection'.
'lof'
- For the list of figures.
+ For the list of figures: 'figure'.
'lot'
- For the list of tables.
+ For the list of tables: 'table'.
-ENTRY
+TEXT
The text of the entry.
What is written to the '.EXT' file is the command
-'\contentsline{UNIT}{NAME}'.
+'\contentsline{UNIT}{TEXT}{NUM}', where 'NUM' is the current value of
+counter 'UNIT'.
23.1.2 '\addtocontents'
-----------------------
@@ -6745,7 +7481,7 @@ The command '\makeindex' enables creating indexes. Put this in the
preamble.
The command '\index{TEXT}' writes an index entry for TEXT to an
-auxiliary file with the '.idx' extension.
+auxiliary file named with the '.idx' extension.
Specifically, what gets written is the command
'\indexentry{TEXT}{PAGENO}', where PAGENO is the current '\thepage'
@@ -6792,7 +7528,7 @@ Synopsis:
LETTER BODY
\closing{CLOSING TEXT}
\end{letter}
- ... more letters ...
+ ... more letters ...
\end{document}
Produce one or more letters.
@@ -6817,12 +7553,12 @@ separated by a double backslash ('\\'). LaTeX will put the SENDER NAME
under the closing, after a vertical space for the traditional
hand-written signature; it also can contain multiple lines.
- Each letter environment begins with a required '\opening' command
-such as '\opening{Dear Madam or Sir:}'. The LETTER BODY text is
-ordinary LaTeX so it can contain everything from from enumerated lists
-to displayed math, except that commands such as '\chapter' that make no
-sense in a letter are turned off. Each letter environment typically
-ends with a '\closing' command such as '\closing{Yours,}'.
+ Each 'letter' environment body begins with a required '\opening'
+command such as '\opening{Dear Madam or Sir:}'. The LETTER BODY text is
+ordinary LaTeX so it can contain everything from enumerated lists to
+displayed math, except that commands such as '\chapter' that make no
+sense in a letter are turned off. Each 'letter' environment body
+typically ends with a '\closing' command such as '\closing{Yours,}'.
Additional material may come after the '\closing'. You can say who
is receiving a copy of the letter with a command like '\cc{the Boss \\
@@ -6889,11 +7625,12 @@ as a personal letter.
Synopsis:
\cc{FIRST NAME \\
- .. }
+ ... }
Produce a list of names to which copies of the letter were sent.
This command is optional. If it appears then typically it comes after
-'\closing'. Separate multiple lines with a double backslash '\\'.
+'\closing'. Separate multiple lines with a double backslash '\\', as
+in:
\cc{President \\
Vice President}
@@ -6903,7 +7640,7 @@ This command is optional. If it appears then typically it comes after
Synopsis:
- \closing{text}
+ \closing{TEXT}
Usually at the end of a letter, above the handwritten signature,
there is a '\closing' (although this command is optional). For example,
@@ -6916,7 +7653,7 @@ there is a '\closing' (although this command is optional). For example,
Synopsis:
\encl{FIRST ENCLOSED OBJECT \\
- .. }
+ ... }
Produce a list of things included with the letter. This command is
optional; when it is used, it typically is put after '\closing'.
@@ -6975,7 +7712,7 @@ Synopsis:
\opening{TEXT}
This command is required. It starts a letter, following the
-'\begin{letter}{..}'. The mandatory argument TEXT is the text that
+'\begin{letter}{...}'. The mandatory argument TEXT is the text that
starts your letter. For instance:
\opening{Dear John:}
@@ -6990,7 +7727,7 @@ Synopsis:
Add a postscript. This command is optional and usually is used after
'\closing'.
- \ps{P.S. After you have read this letter, burn it. Or eat it.}
+ \ps{P.S. After you have read this letter, burn it. Or eat it.}
24.10 '\signature'
==================
@@ -6998,7 +7735,7 @@ Synopsis:
Synopsis:
\signature{FIRST LINE \\
- .. }
+ ... }
The sender's name. This command is optional, although its inclusion
is usual.
@@ -7045,10 +7782,10 @@ Synopsis:
'\typein' prints MSG on the terminal and causes LaTeX to stop and
wait for you to type a line of input, ending with return. If the
-optional \CMD argument is omitted, the typed input is processed as if it
-had been included in the input file in place of the '\typein' command.
-If the \CMD argument is present, it must be a command name. This
-command name is then defined or redefined to be the typed input.
+optional '\CMD' argument is omitted, the typed input is processed as if
+it had been included in the input file in place of the '\typein'
+command. If the '\CMD' argument is present, it must be a command name.
+This command name is then defined or redefined to be the typed input.
25.2 '\typeout{MSG}'
====================
@@ -7152,6 +7889,7 @@ A.3 'tugboat' template
<http://tug.org/TUGboat>.
\documentclass{ltugboat}
+
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
@@ -7160,6 +7898,8 @@ A.3 'tugboat' template
\usepackage{url}
\fi
+%%% Start of metadata %%%
+
\title{Example \TUB\ article}
% repeat info for each author.
@@ -7168,51 +7908,56 @@ A.3 'tugboat' template
\netaddress{user (at) example dot org}
\personalURL{http://example.org/~user/}
+%%% End of metadata %%%
+
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\begin{abstract}
This is an example article for \TUB{}.
+Please write an abstract.
\end{abstract}
\section{Introduction}
-This is an example article for \TUB, from
+This is an example article for \TUB, linked from
\url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/location.html}.
We recommend the \texttt{graphicx} package for image inclusions, and the
-\texttt{hyperref} package for active urls in the \acro{PDF} output.
-Nowadays \TUB\ is produced using \acro{PDF} files exclusively.
-
-The \texttt{ltugboat} class provides these abbreviations and many more:
+\texttt{hyperref} package if active urls are desired (in the \acro{PDF}
+output). Nowadays \TUB\ is produced using \acro{PDF} files exclusively.
+The \texttt{ltugboat} class provides these abbreviations (and many more):
% verbatim blocks are often better in \small
\begin{verbatim}[\small]
\AllTeX \AMS \AmS \AmSLaTeX \AmSTeX \aw \AW
\BibTeX \CTAN \DTD \HTML
\ISBN \ISSN \LaTeXe
-\Mc \mf \MFB \mtex \PCTeX \pcTeX
-\PiC \PiCTeX \plain \POBox \PS
-\SC \SGML \SliTeX \TANGLE \TB \TP
+\mf \MFB
+\plain \POBox \PS
+\SGML \TANGLE \TB \TP
\TUB \TUG \tug
-\UG \UNIX \VAX \XeT \WEB \WEAVE
+\UNIX \XeT \WEB \WEAVE
-\Dash \dash \vellipsis \bull \cents \Dag
-\careof \thinskip
+\, \bull \Dash \dash \hyph
\acro{FRED} -> {\small[er] fred} % please use!
\cs{fred} -> \fred
-\env{fred} -> \begin{fred}
\meta{fred} -> <fred>
\nth{n} -> 1st, 2nd, ...
\sfrac{3/4} -> 3/4
\booktitle{Book of Fred}
\end{verbatim}
-For more information, see the ltubguid document at:
-\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/tugboat}
-(we recommend using \verb|mirror.ctan.org| for \CTAN\ references).
+For references to other \TUB\ issue, please use the format
+\textsl{volno:issno}, e.g., ``\TUB\ 32:1'' for our \nth{100} issue.
+
+This file is just a template. The \TUB\ style documentation is the
+\texttt{ltubguid} document at \url{http://ctan.org/pkg/tugboat}. (For
+\CTAN\ references, where sensible we recommend that form of url, using
+\texttt{/pkg/}; or, if you need to refer to a specific file location,
+\texttt{http://mirror.ctan.org/\textsl{path}}.)
Email \verb|tugboat@tug.org| if problems or questions.
@@ -7228,1783 +7973,1998 @@ Concept Index
* Menu:
-* '*' prompt: Command line. (line 7136)
-* '*'-form of sectioning commands: Sectioning. (line 1422)
-* '.glo' file: Glossaries. (line 6780)
-* '.idx' file: Indexes. (line 6796)
-* '.ind' file: Indexes. (line 6810)
-* 'see' and 'see also' index entries: Indexes. (line 6803)
-* abstracts: abstract. (line 1535)
-* accents: Accents. (line 6475)
-* accents, mathematical: Math accents. (line 5541)
-* accessing any character of a font: Reserved characters.
- (line 6286)
-* acute accent: Accents. (line 6489)
-* acute accent, math: Math accents. (line 5546)
-* additional packages, loading: Document class options.
- (line 633)
-* ae ligature: Non-English characters.
- (line 6580)
-* align environment, from 'amsmath': eqnarray. (line 1848)
-* aligning equations: eqnarray. (line 1848)
-* alignment via tabbing: tabbing. (line 2585)
-* amsmath package, replacing 'eqnarray': eqnarray. (line 1848)
-* appendix, creating: Sectioning. (line 1428)
-* aring: Non-English characters.
- (line 6576)
-* arrays, math: array. (line 1547)
-* arrow, left, in text: Text symbols. (line 6423)
-* arrow, right, in text: Text symbols. (line 6455)
-* ascender height: Text symbols. (line 6391)
-* ASCII circumflex, in text: Text symbols. (line 6356)
-* ASCII tilde, in text: Text symbols. (line 6359)
-* asterisk, centered, in text: Text symbols. (line 6362)
-* at clause, in font definitions: \newfont. (line 4033)
-* author, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 5737)
-* auxiliary file: Output files. (line 374)
-* 'babel' package: Accents. (line 6475)
-* backslash, in text: Text symbols. (line 6365)
-* bar, double vertical, in text: Text symbols. (line 6371)
-* bar, vertical, in text: Text symbols. (line 6368)
-* bar-over accent: Accents. (line 6498)
-* bar-over accent, math: Math accents. (line 5549)
-* bar-under accent: Accents. (line 6515)
-* basics of LaTeX: Overview. (line 293)
-* 'beamer' template and class: beamer template. (line 7152)
-* beginning of document hook: \AtBeginDocument. (line 1757)
+* * prompt: Command line. (line 7880)
+* *-form of environment commands: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
+ (line 4388)
+* *-form of sectioning commands: Sectioning. (line 1842)
+* *-form, defining new commands: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
+ (line 4228)
+* .glo file: Glossaries. (line 7523)
+* .idx file: Indexes. (line 7539)
+* .ind file: Indexes. (line 7553)
+* 'see' and 'see also' index entries: Indexes. (line 7546)
+* abstracts: abstract. (line 2011)
+* accents: Accents. (line 7194)
+* accents, mathematical: Math accents. (line 6184)
+* accessing any character of a font: Symbols by font position.
+ (line 7002)
+* acute accent: Accents. (line 7208)
+* acute accent, math: Math accents. (line 6189)
+* additional packages, loading: Additional packages.
+ (line 701)
+* ae ligature: Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7300)
+* align environment, from amsmath: eqnarray. (line 2376)
+* aligning equations: eqnarray. (line 2376)
+* alignment via tabbing: tabbing. (line 3121)
+* amsmath package, replacing eqnarray: eqnarray. (line 2376)
+* appendix, creating: Sectioning. (line 1848)
+* aring: Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7296)
+* arrays, math: array. (line 2057)
+* arrow, left, in text: Text symbols. (line 7139)
+* arrow, right, in text: Text symbols. (line 7174)
+* ascender height: Text symbols. (line 7107)
+* ASCII circumflex, in text: Text symbols. (line 7072)
+* ASCII tilde, in text: Text symbols. (line 7075)
+* asterisk, centered, in text: Text symbols. (line 7078)
+* at clause, in font definitions: \newfont. (line 4616)
+* author, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 6445)
+* auxiliary file: Output files. (line 382)
+* babel package: Accents. (line 7194)
+* backslash, in text: Text symbols. (line 7081)
+* bar, double vertical, in text: Text symbols. (line 7087)
+* bar, vertical, in text: Text symbols. (line 7084)
+* bar-over accent: Accents. (line 7217)
+* bar-over accent, math: Math accents. (line 6192)
+* bar-under accent: Accents. (line 7234)
+* basics of LaTeX: Overview. (line 301)
+* beamer template and class: beamer template. (line 7896)
+* beginning of document hook: \AtBeginDocument. (line 2285)
* bibliography format, open: Document class options.
- (line 600)
-* bibliography, creating (automatically): Using BibTeX. (line 3105)
-* bibliography, creating (manually): thebibliography. (line 3040)
-* bibTeX, using: Using BibTeX. (line 3105)
-* big circle symbols, in text: Text symbols. (line 6374)
-* Big point: Units of length. (line 4304)
+ (line 663)
+* bibliography, creating (automatically): Using BibTeX. (line 3645)
+* bibliography, creating (manually): thebibliography. (line 3576)
+* bibTeX, using: Using BibTeX. (line 3645)
+* big circle symbols, in text: Text symbols. (line 7090)
+* Big point: Units of length. (line 4914)
* black boxes, omitting: Document class options.
- (line 586)
-* bold font: Font styles. (line 719)
-* bold math: Font styles. (line 778)
-* bold typewriter, avoiding: description. (line 1688)
-* box, allocating new: \newsavebox. (line 3785)
-* boxes: Boxes. (line 6101)
-* brace, left, in text: Text symbols. (line 6377)
-* brace, right, in text: Text symbols. (line 6380)
-* breaking lines: Line breaking. (line 3225)
-* breaking pages: Page breaking. (line 3361)
-* breve accent: Accents. (line 6555)
-* breve accent, math: Math accents. (line 5552)
+ (line 649)
+* bold font: Font styles. (line 1138)
+* bold math: Font styles. (line 1197)
+* bold typewriter, avoiding: description. (line 2215)
+* box, allocating new: \newsavebox. (line 4365)
+* boxes: Boxes. (line 6795)
+* brace, left, in text: Text symbols. (line 7093)
+* brace, right, in text: Text symbols. (line 7096)
+* breaking lines: Line breaking. (line 3787)
+* breaking pages: Page breaking. (line 3930)
+* breve accent: Accents. (line 7274)
+* breve accent, math: Math accents. (line 6195)
* bug reporting: About this document.
- (line 250)
-* bullet symbol: Math symbols. (line 4658)
-* bullet, in text: Text symbols. (line 6383)
-* bulleted lists: itemize. (line 2078)
-* calligraphic letters for math: Font styles. (line 722)
-* cap height: Text symbols. (line 6391)
-* caron accent: Accents. (line 6566)
-* cc list, in letters: \cc. (line 6940)
-* cedilla accent: Accents. (line 6520)
-* centered asterisk, in text: Text symbols. (line 6362)
+ (line 258)
+* bullet symbol: Math symbols. (line 5289)
+* bullet, in text: Text symbols. (line 7099)
+* bulleted lists: itemize. (line 2606)
+* calligraphic letters for math: Font styles. (line 1141)
+* cap height: Text symbols. (line 7107)
+* caron accent: Accents. (line 7285)
+* catcode: \makeatletter and \makeatother.
+ (line 529)
+* category code, character: \makeatletter and \makeatother.
+ (line 529)
+* cc list, in letters: \cc. (line 7683)
+* cedilla accent: Accents. (line 7239)
+* centered asterisk, in text: Text symbols. (line 7078)
* centered equations: Document class options.
- (line 590)
-* centered period, in text: Text symbols. (line 6430)
-* centering text, declaration for: \centering. (line 1639)
-* centering text, environment for: center. (line 1605)
-* Centimeter: Units of length. (line 4308)
-* characters, accented: Accents. (line 6475)
-* characters, non-English: Non-English characters.
- (line 6571)
+ (line 653)
+* centered period, in text: Text symbols. (line 7146)
+* centering text, declaration for: \centering. (line 2166)
+* centering text, environment for: center. (line 2123)
+* Centimeter: Units of length. (line 4918)
+* character category code: \makeatletter and \makeatother.
+ (line 529)
+* characters, accented: Accents. (line 7194)
+* characters, non-English: Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7290)
* characters, reserved: Reserved characters.
- (line 6267)
-* check accent: Accents. (line 6566)
-* check accent, math: Math accents. (line 5555)
-* Cicero: Units of length. (line 4317)
-* circle symbol, big, in text: Text symbols. (line 6374)
-* circled letter, in text: Text symbols. (line 6386)
-* circumflex accent: Accents. (line 6502)
-* circumflex accent, math: Math accents. (line 5567)
-* circumflex, ASCII, in text: Text symbols. (line 6356)
+ (line 6968)
+* characters, special: Reserved characters.
+ (line 6968)
+* check accent: Accents. (line 7285)
+* check accent, math: Math accents. (line 6198)
+* Cicero: Units of length. (line 4927)
+* circle symbol, big, in text: Text symbols. (line 7090)
+* circled letter, in text: Text symbols. (line 7102)
+* circumflex accent: Accents. (line 7221)
+* circumflex accent, math: Math accents. (line 6210)
+* circumflex, ASCII, in text: Text symbols. (line 7072)
+* citation key: \bibitem. (line 3607)
+* class and package commands: Class and package commands.
+ (line 784)
+* class and package difference: Class and package construction.
+ (line 726)
+* class and package structure: Class and package structure.
+ (line 740)
+* class file example: Class and package structure.
+ (line 770)
+* class file layout: Class and package structure.
+ (line 740)
* class options: Document class options.
- (line 544)
-* classes of documents: Document classes. (line 510)
-* closing letters: \closing. (line 6955)
-* closing quote: Text symbols. (line 6347)
-* code, typesetting: verbatim. (line 3172)
-* command line: Command line. (line 7124)
+ (line 604)
+* class options <1>: Class and package structure.
+ (line 740)
+* class options <2>: Class and package commands.
+ (line 831)
+* classes of documents: Document classes. (line 570)
+* closing letters: \closing. (line 7699)
+* closing quote: Text symbols. (line 7063)
+* code, typesetting: verbatim. (line 3734)
+* command line: Command line. (line 7868)
* command syntax: LaTeX command syntax.
- (line 444)
+ (line 452)
+* commands, class and package: Class and package commands.
+ (line 784)
* commands, defining new ones: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 3649)
-* commands, defining new ones <1>: \providecommand. (line 3734)
+ (line 4220)
+* commands, defining new ones <1>: \providecommand. (line 4311)
+* commands, document class: Class and package construction.
+ (line 717)
* commands, redefining: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 3649)
-* composite word mark, in text: Text symbols. (line 6391)
-* computer programs, typesetting: verbatim. (line 3172)
-* contents file: Output files. (line 384)
-* copyright symbol: Text symbols. (line 6304)
-* counters, a list of: Counters. (line 4100)
-* counters, defining new: \newcounter. (line 3749)
-* counters, getting value of: \value. (line 4184)
+ (line 4220)
+* composite word mark, in text: Text symbols. (line 7107)
+* computer programs, typesetting: verbatim. (line 3734)
+* contents file: Output files. (line 392)
+* copyright symbol: Text symbols. (line 7020)
+* counters, a list of: Counters. (line 4683)
+* counters, defining new: \newcounter. (line 4326)
+* counters, getting value of: \value. (line 4783)
* counters, printing: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 4124)
-* counters, setting: \setcounter. (line 4213)
-* creating pictures: picture. (line 2282)
-* creating tables: table. (line 2676)
-* credit footnote: \maketitle. (line 5747)
-* cross references: Cross references. (line 1449)
-* cross references, resolving: Output files. (line 374)
-* cross referencing with page number: \pageref. (line 1503)
-* cross referencing, symbolic: \ref. (line 1513)
-* currency, dollar: Text symbols. (line 6402)
-* currency, euro: Text symbols. (line 6411)
-* dagger, double, in text: Text symbols. (line 6399)
-* dagger, in text: Text symbols. (line 6307)
-* dagger, in text <1>: Text symbols. (line 6396)
-* date, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 5743)
-* date, today's: \today. (line 6640)
-* 'datetime' package: \today. (line 6645)
+ (line 4709)
+* counters, setting: \setcounter. (line 4812)
+* creating pictures: picture. (line 2813)
+* creating tables: table. (line 3212)
+* credit footnote: \maketitle. (line 6455)
+* cross references: Cross references. (line 1869)
+* cross references, resolving: Output files. (line 382)
+* cross referencing with page number: \pageref. (line 1951)
+* cross referencing, symbolic: \ref. (line 1972)
+* currency, dollar: Text symbols. (line 7118)
+* currency, euro: Text symbols. (line 7127)
+* dagger, double, in text: Text symbols. (line 7115)
+* dagger, in text: Text symbols. (line 7023)
+* dagger, in text <1>: Text symbols. (line 7112)
+* date, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 6451)
+* date, today's: \today. (line 7366)
+* datetime package: \today. (line 7382)
* defining a new command: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 3649)
-* defining a new command <1>: \providecommand. (line 3734)
+ (line 4220)
+* defining a new command <1>: \providecommand. (line 4311)
* defining new environments: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
- (line 3800)
-* defining new fonts: \newfont. (line 4016)
-* defining new theorems: \newtheorem. (line 3904)
-* definitions: Definitions. (line 3644)
-* description lists, creating: description. (line 1671)
-* design size, in font definitions: \newfont. (line 4033)
-* Didot point: Units of length. (line 4314)
-* dieresis accent: Accents. (line 6485)
-* discretionary multiplication: Math miscellany. (line 5637)
+ (line 4380)
+* defining new fonts: \newfont. (line 4599)
+* defining new theorems: \newtheorem. (line 4487)
+* definitions: Definitions. (line 4215)
+* description lists, creating: description. (line 2198)
+* design size, in font definitions: \newfont. (line 4616)
+* Didot point: Units of length. (line 4924)
+* dieresis accent: Accents. (line 7204)
+* difference between class and package: Class and package construction.
+ (line 726)
+* discretionary hyphenation: \discretionary. (line 3872)
+* discretionary multiplication: Math miscellany. (line 6280)
* displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation: quotation and quote.
- (line 2549)
+ (line 3085)
* displaying quoted text without paragraph indentation: quotation and quote.
- (line 2549)
+ (line 3085)
+* document class commands: Class and package construction.
+ (line 717)
* document class options: Document class options.
- (line 544)
+ (line 604)
* document class, defined: Starting and ending.
- (line 327)
-* document classes: Document classes. (line 510)
-* document templates: Document templates. (line 7145)
-* dollar sign: Text symbols. (line 6402)
-* dot accent: Accents. (line 6494)
-* dot over accent, math: Math accents. (line 5561)
-* dot-over accent: Accents. (line 6494)
-* dot-under accent: Accents. (line 6524)
-* dotless i: Accents. (line 6532)
-* dotless i, math: Math accents. (line 5570)
-* dotless j: Accents. (line 6535)
-* dotless j, math: Math accents. (line 5573)
-* double angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 6322)
-* double dagger, in text: Text symbols. (line 6310)
-* double dagger, in text <1>: Text symbols. (line 6399)
-* double dot accent, math: Math accents. (line 5558)
-* double guillemets: Text symbols. (line 6322)
-* double left quote: Text symbols. (line 6436)
-* double low-9 quotation mark: Text symbols. (line 6344)
-* double quote, straight base: Text symbols. (line 6449)
-* double right quote: Text symbols. (line 6439)
+ (line 335)
+* document classes: Document classes. (line 570)
+* document templates: Document templates. (line 7889)
+* dollar sign: Text symbols. (line 7118)
+* dot accent: Accents. (line 7213)
+* dot over accent, math: Math accents. (line 6204)
+* dot-over accent: Accents. (line 7213)
+* dot-under accent: Accents. (line 7243)
+* dotless i: Accents. (line 7251)
+* dotless i, math: Math accents. (line 6213)
+* dotless j: Accents. (line 7254)
+* dotless j, math: Math accents. (line 6216)
+* double angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 7038)
+* double dagger, in text: Text symbols. (line 7026)
+* double dagger, in text <1>: Text symbols. (line 7115)
+* double dot accent, math: Math accents. (line 6201)
+* double guillemets: Text symbols. (line 7038)
+* double left quote: Text symbols. (line 7152)
+* double low-9 quotation mark: Text symbols. (line 7060)
+* double quote, straight base: Text symbols. (line 7168)
+* double right quote: Text symbols. (line 7155)
* double spacing: Low-level font commands.
- (line 930)
-* double vertical bar, in text: Text symbols. (line 6371)
-* e-dash: Text symbols. (line 6408)
-* e-TeX: TeX engines. (line 399)
-* ellipsis: Text symbols. (line 6328)
-* em: Units of length. (line 4322)
-* em-dash: Text symbols. (line 6405)
-* em-dash, three-quarters: Text symbols. (line 6458)
-* em-dash, two-thirds: Text symbols. (line 6464)
-* emphasis: Font styles. (line 707)
-* enclosure list: \encl. (line 6967)
-* end of document hook: \AtEndDocument. (line 1770)
+ (line 1349)
+* double vertical bar, in text: Text symbols. (line 7087)
+* e-dash: Text symbols. (line 7124)
+* e-TeX: TeX engines. (line 407)
+* ellipsis: Text symbols. (line 7044)
+* em: Units of length. (line 4932)
+* em-dash: Text symbols. (line 7121)
+* em-dash, three-quarters: Text symbols. (line 7177)
+* em-dash, two-thirds: Text symbols. (line 7183)
+* emphasis: Font styles. (line 1126)
+* enclosure list: \encl. (line 7711)
+* end of document hook: \AtEndDocument. (line 2298)
* ending and starting: Starting and ending.
- (line 319)
-* engines, TeX: TeX engines. (line 393)
-* enlarge current page: \enlargethispage. (line 3390)
+ (line 327)
+* engines, TeX: TeX engines. (line 401)
+* enlarge current page: \enlargethispage. (line 3959)
* environment: Starting and ending.
- (line 335)
-* environment, theorem-like: \newtheorem. (line 3904)
-* environments: Environments. (line 1525)
+ (line 343)
+* environment, theorem-like: \newtheorem. (line 4487)
+* environments: Environments. (line 1994)
* environments, defining: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
- (line 3800)
-* equation number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 1513)
+ (line 4380)
+* equation number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 1972)
* equation numbers, left vs. right: Document class options.
- (line 596)
-* equation numbers, omitting: eqnarray. (line 1883)
-* equations, aligning: eqnarray. (line 1848)
-* equations, environment for: equation. (line 1904)
+ (line 659)
+* equation numbers, omitting: eqnarray. (line 2411)
+* equations, aligning: eqnarray. (line 2376)
+* equations, environment for: equation. (line 2432)
* equations, flush left vs. centered: Document class options.
- (line 590)
-* es-zet German letter: Non-English characters.
- (line 6612)
-* eth, Icelandic letter: Non-English characters.
- (line 6584)
-* euro symbol: Text symbols. (line 6411)
-* ex: Units of length. (line 4322)
-* exclamation point, upside-down: Text symbols. (line 6414)
+ (line 653)
+* es-zet German letter: Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7336)
+* eth, Icelandic letter: Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7304)
+* euro symbol: Text symbols. (line 7127)
+* ex: Units of length. (line 4932)
+* exclamation point, upside-down: Text symbols. (line 7130)
* exponent: Subscripts & superscripts.
- (line 4521)
-* external files, writing: filecontents. (line 1975)
+ (line 5148)
+* extended Latin: Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7290)
+* external files, writing: filecontents. (line 2503)
* families, of fonts: Low-level font commands.
- (line 836)
-* feminine ordinal symbol: Text symbols. (line 6427)
-* figure number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 1513)
-* figures, footnotes in: minipage. (line 2269)
-* figures, inserting: figure. (line 1922)
-* fixed-width font: Font styles. (line 740)
-* 'float' package: Floats. (line 1293)
-* float page: Floats. (line 1299)
+ (line 1255)
+* feminine ordinal symbol: Text symbols. (line 7143)
+* figure number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 1972)
+* figures, footnotes in: minipage. (line 2800)
+* figures, inserting: figure. (line 2450)
+* file, root: Splitting the input.
+ (line 7391)
+* fixed-width font: Font styles. (line 1159)
+* float package: Floats. (line 1713)
+* float page: Floats. (line 1719)
* flush left equations: Document class options.
- (line 590)
-* flushing floats and starting a page: \clearpage. (line 3377)
+ (line 653)
+* flushing floats and starting a page: \clearpage. (line 3946)
* font catalogue: Low-level font commands.
- (line 836)
+ (line 1255)
* font commands, low-level: Low-level font commands.
- (line 822)
+ (line 1241)
* font size: Low-level font commands.
- (line 914)
-* font sizes: Font sizes. (line 796)
-* font styles: Font styles. (line 654)
-* fonts: Fonts. (line 648)
-* fonts, new commands for: \newfont. (line 4016)
-* footer style: \pagestyle. (line 5782)
+ (line 1333)
+* font sizes: Font sizes. (line 1215)
+* font styles: Font styles. (line 1073)
+* font symbols, by number: Symbols by font position.
+ (line 7002)
+* fonts: Fonts. (line 1067)
+* fonts, new commands for: \newfont. (line 4599)
+* footer style: \pagestyle. (line 6490)
* footer, parameters for: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1115)
-* footnote number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 1513)
+ (line 1535)
+* footmisc package: Footnotes in section headings.
+ (line 4143)
+* footnote number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 1972)
* footnote parameters: Footnote parameters.
- (line 3628)
-* footnotes in figures: minipage. (line 2269)
-* footnotes, creating: Footnotes. (line 3423)
-* Footnotes, in a minipage: \footnote. (line 3470)
+ (line 4199)
+* footnotes in figures: minipage. (line 2800)
+* footnotes, creating: Footnotes. (line 3992)
+* Footnotes, in a minipage: \footnote. (line 4039)
* Footnotes, in a table: Footnotes in a table.
- (line 3524)
-* footnotes, symbols instead of numbers: \footnote. (line 3458)
-* formulas, environment for: equation. (line 1904)
-* formulas, math: Math formulas. (line 4484)
-* forward references, resolving: Output files. (line 374)
-* fragile commands: \protect. (line 4051)
-* French quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 6322)
-* functions, math: Math functions. (line 5433)
-* 'geometry' package: Document class options.
- (line 575)
+ (line 4093)
+* footnotes, in section headings: Footnotes in section headings.
+ (line 4139)
+* footnotes, symbols instead of numbers: \footnote. (line 4027)
+* formulas, environment for: equation. (line 2432)
+* formulas, math: Math formulas. (line 5111)
+* forward reference: Cross references. (line 1885)
+* forward references, resolving: Output files. (line 382)
+* fragile commands: \protect. (line 4634)
+* French quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 7038)
+* functions, math: Math functions. (line 6076)
+* geometry package: Document class options.
+ (line 638)
* global options: Document class options.
- (line 544)
-* global options <1>: Document class options.
- (line 641)
-* glossaries: Glossaries. (line 6778)
-* glossary package: Glossaries. (line 6787)
-* glue register, plain TeX: \newlength. (line 3770)
-* graphics packages: \line. (line 2440)
-* grave accent: Accents. (line 6506)
-* grave accent, math: Math accents. (line 5564)
-* greater than symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 6417)
-* greek letters: Math symbols. (line 4554)
-* ha'c<ek accent, math: Math accents. (line 5555)
-* hacek accent: Accents. (line 6566)
-* hat accent: Accents. (line 6502)
-* hat accent, math: Math accents. (line 5567)
-* header style: \pagestyle. (line 5782)
+ (line 604)
+* global options <1>: Additional packages.
+ (line 710)
+* glossaries: Glossaries. (line 7521)
+* glossary package: Glossaries. (line 7530)
+* glue register, plain TeX: \newlength. (line 4350)
+* graphics packages: \line. (line 2976)
+* grave accent: Accents. (line 7225)
+* grave accent, math: Math accents. (line 6207)
+* greater than symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 7133)
+* greek letters: Math symbols. (line 5181)
+* group, and environments: Environments. (line 2006)
+* ha'c<ek accent, math: Math accents. (line 6198)
+* hacek accent: Accents. (line 7285)
+* hat accent: Accents. (line 7221)
+* hat accent, math: Math accents. (line 6210)
+* header style: \pagestyle. (line 6490)
* header, parameters for: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1115)
+ (line 1535)
* hello, world: Starting and ending.
- (line 319)
-* here, putting floats: Floats. (line 1293)
-* hungarian umlaut accent: Accents. (line 6528)
-* hyphenation, defining: \hyphenation. (line 3328)
-* hyphenation, forcing: \- (hyphenation). (line 3298)
-* hyphenation, preventing: \mbox. (line 6107)
-* Icelandic eth: Non-English characters.
- (line 6584)
-* Icelandic thorn: Non-English characters.
- (line 6616)
-* ij letter, Dutch: Non-English characters.
- (line 6592)
-* implementations of TeX: TeX engines. (line 393)
-* in-line formulas: math. (line 2242)
-* indent, forcing: \indent. (line 4402)
-* indent, suppressing: \noindent. (line 4413)
-* indentation of paragraphs, in minipage: minipage. (line 2265)
-* index entries, 'see' and 'see also': Indexes. (line 6803)
-* indexes: Indexes. (line 6793)
-* infinite horizontal stretch: \hfill. (line 5857)
-* infinite vertical stretch: \vfill. (line 6049)
+ (line 327)
+* here, putting floats: Floats. (line 1713)
+* hungarian umlaut accent: Accents. (line 7247)
+* hyphenation, defining: \hyphenation. (line 3897)
+* hyphenation, discretionary: \discretionary. (line 3872)
+* hyphenation, forcing: \- (hyphenation). (line 3860)
+* hyphenation, preventing: \mbox. (line 6801)
+* Icelandic eth: Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7304)
+* Icelandic thorn: Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7340)
+* ij letter, Dutch: Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7316)
+* implementations of TeX: TeX engines. (line 401)
+* in-line formulas: math. (line 2773)
+* indent, forcing: \indent. (line 5029)
+* indent, suppressing: \noindent. (line 5040)
+* indentation of paragraphs, in minipage: minipage. (line 2796)
+* index entries, 'see' and 'see also': Indexes. (line 7546)
+* indexes: Indexes. (line 7536)
+* infinite horizontal stretch: \hfill. (line 6565)
+* infinite vertical stretch: \vfill. (line 6739)
* input file: Splitting the input.
- (line 6651)
+ (line 7388)
* input/output, to terminal: Terminal input/output.
- (line 7091)
-* inserting figures: figure. (line 1922)
-* insertions of special characters: Special insertions. (line 6261)
-* italic correction: \/. (line 5958)
-* italic font: Font styles. (line 725)
-* justification, ragged left: \raggedleft. (line 2065)
-* justification, ragged right: \raggedright. (line 2039)
-* Knuth, Donald E.: Overview. (line 293)
-* labelled lists, creating: description. (line 1671)
-* Lamport TeX: Overview. (line 311)
-* Lamport, Leslie: Overview. (line 293)
+ (line 7835)
+* inserting figures: figure. (line 2450)
+* insertions of special characters: Special insertions. (line 6962)
+* italic correction: \/. (line 6648)
+* italic font: Font styles. (line 1144)
+* justification, ragged left: \raggedleft. (line 2593)
+* justification, ragged right: \raggedright. (line 2567)
+* Knuth, Donald E.: Overview. (line 301)
+* label: Cross references. (line 1872)
+* labelled lists, creating: description. (line 2198)
+* Lamport TeX: Overview. (line 319)
+* Lamport, Leslie: Overview. (line 301)
* landscape orientation: Document class options.
- (line 593)
-* LaTeX logo: Text symbols. (line 6313)
-* LaTeX overview: Overview. (line 293)
+ (line 656)
+* LaTeX logo: Text symbols. (line 7029)
+* LaTeX overview: Overview. (line 301)
* LaTeX Project team: About this document.
- (line 261)
+ (line 269)
* LaTeX vs. LaTeX2e: About this document.
- (line 257)
-* LaTeX2e logo: Text symbols. (line 6316)
-* layout commands: Layout. (line 960)
+ (line 265)
+* LaTeX2e logo: Text symbols. (line 7032)
+* Latin letters, additional: Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7290)
+* layout commands: Layout. (line 1379)
* layout, page parameters for: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1115)
-* left angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 6322)
-* left arrow, in text: Text symbols. (line 6423)
-* left brace, in text: Text symbols. (line 6377)
-* left quote: Text symbols. (line 6332)
-* left quote, double: Text symbols. (line 6436)
-* left quote, single: Text symbols. (line 6442)
+ (line 1535)
+* left angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 7038)
+* left arrow, in text: Text symbols. (line 7139)
+* left brace, in text: Text symbols. (line 7093)
+* left quote: Text symbols. (line 7048)
+* left quote, double: Text symbols. (line 7152)
+* left quote, single: Text symbols. (line 7158)
* left-hand equation numbers: Document class options.
- (line 596)
-* left-justifying text: \raggedright. (line 2039)
-* left-justifying text, environment for: flushleft. (line 2026)
-* left-to-right mode: Modes. (line 5686)
-* lengths, adding to: \addtolength. (line 4347)
-* lengths, allocating new: \newlength. (line 3770)
-* lengths, defining and using: Lengths. (line 4262)
-* lengths, predefined: Predefined lengths. (line 4375)
-* lengths, setting: \setlength. (line 4340)
-* less than symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 6420)
-* letters, accented: Accents. (line 6475)
-* letters, ending: \closing. (line 6955)
-* letters, non-English: Non-English characters.
- (line 6571)
-* letters, starting: \opening. (line 7025)
-* letters, writing: Letters. (line 6833)
-* line break, forcing: \\. (line 3236)
-* line breaking: Line breaking. (line 3225)
+ (line 659)
+* left-justifying text: \raggedright. (line 2567)
+* left-justifying text, environment for: flushleft. (line 2554)
+* left-to-right mode: Modes. (line 6363)
+* length command: \setlength. (line 4954)
+* lengths, adding to: \addtolength. (line 4962)
+* lengths, allocating new: \newlength. (line 4350)
+* lengths, defining and using: Lengths. (line 4872)
+* lengths, predefined: Predefined lengths. (line 5002)
+* lengths, setting: \setlength. (line 4950)
+* less than symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 7136)
+* letters, accented: Accents. (line 7194)
+* letters, additional Latin: Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7290)
+* letters, ending: \closing. (line 7699)
+* letters, starting: \opening. (line 7769)
+* letters, writing: Letters. (line 7576)
+* line break, forcing: \\. (line 3798)
+* line breaking: Line breaking. (line 3787)
* line breaks, forcing: \linebreak & \nolinebreak.
- (line 3344)
+ (line 3913)
* line breaks, preventing: \linebreak & \nolinebreak.
- (line 3344)
-* lines in tables: tabular. (line 2718)
-* lining numerals: Font styles. (line 782)
-* lining text up in tables: tabular. (line 2718)
-* lining text up using tab stops: tabbing. (line 2585)
-* list items, specifying counter: \usecounter. (line 4158)
-* list of figures file: Output files. (line 384)
-* list of tables file: Output files. (line 384)
-* lists of items: itemize. (line 2078)
-* lists of items, generic: list. (line 2185)
-* lists of items, numbered: enumerate. (line 1786)
-* loading additional packages: Document class options.
- (line 633)
-* log file: Output files. (line 369)
-* logo, LaTeX: Text symbols. (line 6313)
-* logo, LaTeX2e: Text symbols. (line 6316)
-* logo, TeX: Text symbols. (line 6353)
-* low-9 quotation marks, single and double: Text symbols. (line 6344)
+ (line 3913)
+* lines in tables: tabular. (line 3254)
+* lining numerals: Font styles. (line 1201)
+* lining text up in tables: tabular. (line 3254)
+* lining text up using tab stops: tabbing. (line 3121)
+* list items, specifying counter: \usecounter. (line 4757)
+* list of figures file: Output files. (line 392)
+* list of tables file: Output files. (line 392)
+* lists of items: itemize. (line 2606)
+* lists of items, generic: list. (line 2713)
+* lists of items, numbered: enumerate. (line 2314)
+* loading additional packages: Additional packages.
+ (line 701)
+* log file: Output files. (line 377)
+* logo, LaTeX: Text symbols. (line 7029)
+* logo, LaTeX2e: Text symbols. (line 7032)
+* logo, TeX: Text symbols. (line 7069)
+* low-9 quotation marks, single and double: Text symbols. (line 7060)
* low-level font commands: Low-level font commands.
- (line 822)
-* LR mode: Modes. (line 5686)
-* 'ltugboat' class: tugboat template. (line 7203)
-* LuaTeX: TeX engines. (line 416)
-* m-width: Units of length. (line 4322)
-* macro package, LaTeX as: Overview. (line 298)
-* macron accent: Accents. (line 6498)
-* macron accent, math: Math accents. (line 5549)
-* Madsen, Lars: eqnarray. (line 1848)
-* 'makeidx' package: Indexes. (line 6815)
-* 'makeindex' program: Indexes. (line 6810)
-* making a title page: titlepage. (line 3155)
-* making paragraphs: Making paragraphs. (line 4394)
-* marginal notes: Marginal notes. (line 4434)
-* masculine ordinal symbol: Text symbols. (line 6427)
-* math accents: Math accents. (line 5541)
-* math formulas: Math formulas. (line 4484)
-* math functions: Math functions. (line 5433)
-* math miscellany: Math miscellany. (line 5636)
-* math mode: Modes. (line 5686)
-* math mode, entering: Math formulas. (line 4484)
+ (line 1241)
+* LR mode: Modes. (line 6363)
+* ltugboat class: tugboat template. (line 7947)
+* LuaTeX: TeX engines. (line 424)
+* m-width: Units of length. (line 4932)
+* macro package, LaTeX as: Overview. (line 306)
+* macron accent: Accents. (line 7217)
+* macron accent, math: Math accents. (line 6192)
+* macros2e package For a comprehensive list of macros with an at-sign: \makeatletter and \makeatother.
+ (line 549)
+* Madsen, Lars: eqnarray. (line 2376)
+* makeidx package: Indexes. (line 7558)
+* makeindex program: Indexes. (line 7553)
+* making a title page: titlepage. (line 3695)
+* making paragraphs: Making paragraphs. (line 5021)
+* marginal notes: Marginal notes. (line 5061)
+* masculine ordinal symbol: Text symbols. (line 7143)
+* math accents: Math accents. (line 6184)
+* math formulas: Math formulas. (line 5111)
+* math functions: Math functions. (line 6076)
+* math miscellany: Math miscellany. (line 6279)
+* math mode: Modes. (line 6363)
+* math mode, entering: Math formulas. (line 5111)
* math mode, spacing: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 5593)
-* math symbols: Math symbols. (line 4554)
-* math, bold: Font styles. (line 778)
-* Millimeter: Units of length. (line 4311)
-* minipage, creating a: minipage. (line 2254)
-* modes: Modes. (line 5686)
-* monospace font: Font styles. (line 740)
-* moving arguments: \protect. (line 4051)
-* mpfootnote counter: \footnote. (line 3470)
-* mu, math unit: Units of length. (line 4333)
-* multicolumn text: \twocolumn. (line 975)
-* multilingual support: Accents. (line 6475)
-* 'multind' package: Indexes. (line 6826)
+ (line 6236)
+* math symbols: Math symbols. (line 5181)
+* math, bold: Font styles. (line 1197)
+* Millimeter: Units of length. (line 4921)
+* minipage, creating a: minipage. (line 2785)
+* modes: Modes. (line 6363)
+* monospace font: Font styles. (line 1159)
+* moving arguments: \protect. (line 4644)
+* mpfootnote counter: \footnote. (line 4039)
+* mu, math unit: Units of length. (line 4943)
+* multicolumn text: \twocolumn. (line 1393)
+* multilingual support: Accents. (line 7194)
+* multind package: Indexes. (line 7569)
* multiplication symbol, discretionary line break: Math miscellany.
- (line 5637)
-* nested '\include', not allowed: \include. (line 6675)
+ (line 6280)
+* nested \include, not allowed: \include. (line 7412)
+* new class commands: Class and package construction.
+ (line 717)
* new commands, defining: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 3649)
-* new commands, defining <1>: \providecommand. (line 3734)
+ (line 4220)
+* new commands, defining <1>: \providecommand. (line 4311)
* new line, output as input: \obeycr & \restorecr.
- (line 3268)
-* new line, starting: \\. (line 3236)
-* new line, starting (paragraph mode): \newline. (line 3277)
-* new page, starting: \newpage. (line 3384)
-* non-English characters: Non-English characters.
- (line 6571)
-* notes in the margin: Marginal notes. (line 4434)
-* null delimiter: Math miscellany. (line 5651)
-* numbered items, specifying counter: \usecounter. (line 4158)
-* numerals, old-style: Font styles. (line 782)
-* oblique font: Font styles. (line 737)
-* oe ligature: Non-English characters.
- (line 6608)
-* ogonek: Accents. (line 6539)
-* old-style numerals: Font styles. (line 782)
-* one-column output: \onecolumn. (line 965)
-* opening quote: Text symbols. (line 6332)
-* OpenType fonts: TeX engines. (line 393)
+ (line 3830)
+* new line, starting: \\. (line 3798)
+* new line, starting (paragraph mode): \newline. (line 3839)
+* new page, starting: \newpage. (line 3953)
+* non-English characters: Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7290)
+* notes in the margin: Marginal notes. (line 5061)
+* null delimiter: Math miscellany. (line 6309)
+* numbered items, specifying counter: \usecounter. (line 4757)
+* numerals, old-style: Font styles. (line 1201)
+* oblique font: Font styles. (line 1156)
+* oe ligature: Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7332)
+* ogonek: Accents. (line 7258)
+* old-style numerals: Font styles. (line 1201)
+* one-column output: \onecolumn. (line 1384)
+* opening quote: Text symbols. (line 7048)
+* OpenType fonts: TeX engines. (line 401)
+* options, class: Class and package commands.
+ (line 831)
* options, document class: Document class options.
- (line 544)
-* options, global: Document class options.
- (line 641)
-* ordinals, feminine and masculine: Text symbols. (line 6427)
-* oslash: Non-English characters.
- (line 6604)
-* overbar accent: Accents. (line 6498)
-* overdot accent, math: Math accents. (line 5561)
-* overview of LaTeX: Overview. (line 293)
-* packages, loading additional: Document class options.
- (line 633)
+ (line 604)
+* options, document class <1>: Class and package structure.
+ (line 740)
+* options, global: Additional packages.
+ (line 710)
+* options, package: Class and package structure.
+ (line 740)
+* options, package <1>: Class and package commands.
+ (line 831)
+* ordinals, feminine and masculine: Text symbols. (line 7143)
+* oslash: Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7328)
+* overbar accent: Accents. (line 7217)
+* overdot accent, math: Math accents. (line 6204)
+* overview of LaTeX: Overview. (line 301)
+* package file layout: Class and package structure.
+ (line 740)
+* package options: Class and package structure.
+ (line 740)
+* package options <1>: Class and package commands.
+ (line 831)
+* package, babel: Accents. (line 7194)
+* package, datetime: \today. (line 7382)
+* package, float: Floats. (line 1713)
+* package, footmisc: Footnotes in section headings.
+ (line 4143)
+* package, geometry: Document class options.
+ (line 638)
+* package, macros2e: \makeatletter and \makeatother.
+ (line 549)
+* package, makeidx: Indexes. (line 7558)
+* package, multind: Indexes. (line 7569)
+* package, picture: picture. (line 2830)
+* package, setspace: Low-level font commands.
+ (line 1349)
+* package, showidx: Indexes. (line 7565)
+* package, textcomp: Font styles. (line 1201)
+* package, xspace: \(SPACE) after control sequence.
+ (line 6622)
+* packages, loading additional: Additional packages.
+ (line 701)
* page break, forcing: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
- (line 3405)
+ (line 3974)
* page break, preventing: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
- (line 3405)
-* page breaking: Page breaking. (line 3361)
+ (line 3974)
+* page breaking: Page breaking. (line 3930)
* page layout parameters: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1115)
-* page number, cross referencing: \pageref. (line 1503)
-* page numbering style: \pagenumbering. (line 5757)
-* page styles: Page styles. (line 5725)
-* paragraph indentation, in minipage: minipage. (line 2265)
+ (line 1535)
+* page number, cross referencing: \pageref. (line 1951)
+* page numbering style: \pagenumbering. (line 6465)
+* page styles: Page styles. (line 6433)
+* paragraph indentation, in minipage: minipage. (line 2796)
* paragraph indentations in quoted text: quotation and quote.
- (line 2549)
+ (line 3085)
* paragraph indentations in quoted text, omitting: quotation and quote.
- (line 2549)
-* paragraph mode: Modes. (line 5686)
-* paragraph symbol: Text symbols. (line 6336)
-* paragraphs: Making paragraphs. (line 4394)
+ (line 3085)
+* paragraph mode: Modes. (line 6363)
+* paragraph symbol: Text symbols. (line 7052)
+* paragraphs: Making paragraphs. (line 5021)
* parameters, for footnotes: Footnote parameters.
- (line 3628)
+ (line 4199)
* parameters, page layout: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1115)
-* pdfTeX: Output files. (line 361)
-* pdfTeX engine: TeX engines. (line 399)
-* period, centered, in text: Text symbols. (line 6430)
-* pica: Units of length. (line 4298)
-* 'pict2e' package: \line. (line 2440)
-* pictures, creating: picture. (line 2282)
-* pilcrow: Text symbols. (line 6336)
-* placement of floats: Floats. (line 1272)
-* poetry, an environment for: verse. (line 3206)
-* Point: Units of length. (line 4294)
-* polish l: Non-English characters.
- (line 6596)
+ (line 1535)
+* pdfTeX: Output files. (line 369)
+* pdfTeX engine: TeX engines. (line 407)
+* period, centered, in text: Text symbols. (line 7146)
+* pica: Units of length. (line 4908)
+* pict2e package: \line. (line 2976)
+* picture package: picture. (line 2830)
+* pictures, creating: picture. (line 2813)
+* pilcrow: Text symbols. (line 7052)
+* placement of floats: Floats. (line 1692)
+* poetry, an environment for: verse. (line 3768)
+* Point: Units of length. (line 4904)
+* polish l: Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7320)
* portrait orientation: Document class options.
- (line 593)
-* position, in picture: picture. (line 2299)
-* postscript, in letters: \ps. (line 7038)
-* pounds symbol: Text symbols. (line 6340)
+ (line 656)
+* position, in picture: picture. (line 2835)
+* positional parameter: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
+ (line 4251)
+* postscript, in letters: \ps. (line 7782)
+* pounds symbol: Text symbols. (line 7056)
* preamble, defined: Starting and ending.
- (line 332)
-* predefined lengths: Predefined lengths. (line 4375)
-* prompt, '*': Command line. (line 7136)
-* pronunciation: Overview. (line 311)
+ (line 340)
+* predefined lengths: Predefined lengths. (line 5002)
+* prompt, *: Command line. (line 7880)
+* pronunciation: Overview. (line 319)
* quad: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 5619)
-* question mark, upside-down: Text symbols. (line 6433)
-* quotation marks, French: Text symbols. (line 6322)
-* quote, straight base: Text symbols. (line 6449)
+ (line 6262)
+* question mark, upside-down: Text symbols. (line 7149)
+* quotation marks, French: Text symbols. (line 7038)
+* quote, single straight: Text symbols. (line 7164)
+* quote, straight base: Text symbols. (line 7168)
* quoted text with paragraph indentation, displaying: quotation and quote.
- (line 2549)
+ (line 3085)
* quoted text without paragraph indentation, displaying: quotation and quote.
- (line 2549)
-* ragged left text: \raggedleft. (line 2065)
-* ragged left text, environment for: flushright. (line 2052)
-* ragged right text: \raggedright. (line 2039)
-* ragged right text, environment for: flushleft. (line 2026)
+ (line 3085)
+* ragged left text: \raggedleft. (line 2593)
+* ragged left text, environment for: flushright. (line 2580)
+* ragged right text: \raggedright. (line 2567)
+* ragged right text, environment for: flushleft. (line 2554)
* redefining environments: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
- (line 3800)
-* references, resolving forward: Output files. (line 374)
-* registered symbol: Text symbols. (line 6452)
-* remarks in the margin: Marginal notes. (line 4434)
+ (line 4380)
+* reference, forward: Cross references. (line 1885)
+* references, resolving forward: Output files. (line 382)
+* registered symbol: Text symbols. (line 7171)
+* remarks in the margin: Marginal notes. (line 5061)
* reporting bugs: About this document.
- (line 250)
+ (line 258)
* reserved characters: Reserved characters.
- (line 6267)
-* right angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 6322)
-* right arrow, in text: Text symbols. (line 6455)
-* right brace, in text: Text symbols. (line 6380)
-* right quote: Text symbols. (line 6347)
-* right quote, double: Text symbols. (line 6439)
-* right quote, single: Text symbols. (line 6445)
+ (line 6968)
+* right angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 7038)
+* right arrow, in text: Text symbols. (line 7174)
+* right brace, in text: Text symbols. (line 7096)
+* right quote: Text symbols. (line 7063)
+* right quote, double: Text symbols. (line 7155)
+* right quote, single: Text symbols. (line 7161)
* right-hand equation numbers: Document class options.
- (line 596)
-* right-justifying text: \raggedleft. (line 2065)
-* right-justifying text, environment for: flushright. (line 2052)
-* ring accent: Accents. (line 6544)
-* ring accent, math: Math accents. (line 5576)
-* robust commands: \protect. (line 4051)
-* roman font: Font styles. (line 728)
-* rubber lengths, defining new: \newlength. (line 3770)
+ (line 659)
+* right-justifying text: \raggedleft. (line 2593)
+* right-justifying text, environment for: flushright. (line 2580)
+* ring accent: Accents. (line 7263)
+* ring accent, math: Math accents. (line 6219)
+* robust commands: \protect. (line 4634)
+* roman font: Font styles. (line 1147)
+* root file: Splitting the input.
+ (line 7391)
+* rubber lengths, defining new: \newlength. (line 4350)
* running header and footer: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1115)
-* running header and footer style: \pagestyle. (line 5782)
-* sans serif font: Font styles. (line 734)
-* Scaled point: Units of length. (line 4320)
-* script letters for math: Font styles. (line 722)
-* section number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 1513)
-* section numbers, printing: Sectioning. (line 1438)
-* section symbol: Text symbols. (line 6350)
-* sectioning commands: Sectioning. (line 1397)
+ (line 1535)
+* running header and footer style: \pagestyle. (line 6490)
+* sans serif font: Font styles. (line 1153)
+* Scaled point: Units of length. (line 4930)
+* script letters for math: Font styles. (line 1141)
+* section number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 1972)
+* section numbers, printing: Sectioning. (line 1858)
+* section symbol: Text symbols. (line 7066)
+* sectioning commands: Sectioning. (line 1817)
* series, of fonts: Low-level font commands.
- (line 861)
-* 'setspace' package: Low-level font commands.
- (line 930)
-* setting counters: \setcounter. (line 4213)
+ (line 1280)
+* setspace package: Low-level font commands.
+ (line 1349)
+* setting counters: \setcounter. (line 4812)
* shapes, of fonts: Low-level font commands.
- (line 901)
-* sharp S letters: Non-English characters.
- (line 6612)
-* 'showidx' package: Indexes. (line 6822)
-* simulating typed text: verbatim. (line 3172)
-* single angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 6322)
-* single guillemets: Text symbols. (line 6322)
-* single left quote: Text symbols. (line 6442)
-* single low-9 quotation mark: Text symbols. (line 6344)
-* single right quote: Text symbols. (line 6445)
-* sizes of text: Font sizes. (line 796)
-* skip register, plain TeX: \newlength. (line 3770)
-* slanted font: Font styles. (line 737)
-* small caps font: Font styles. (line 731)
-* space, inserting vertical: \addvspace. (line 6006)
-* space, vertical: \vspace. (line 6075)
-* spaces: Spaces. (line 5825)
+ (line 1320)
+* sharp S letters: Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7336)
+* showidx package: Indexes. (line 7565)
+* simulating typed text: verbatim. (line 3734)
+* single angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 7038)
+* single guillemets: Text symbols. (line 7038)
+* single left quote: Text symbols. (line 7158)
+* single low-9 quotation mark: Text symbols. (line 7060)
+* single quote, straight: Text symbols. (line 7164)
+* single right quote: Text symbols. (line 7161)
+* sizes of text: Font sizes. (line 1215)
+* skip register, plain TeX: \newlength. (line 4350)
+* slanted font: Font styles. (line 1156)
+* small caps font: Font styles. (line 1150)
+* space, inserting vertical: \addvspace. (line 6696)
+* space, vertical: \vspace. (line 6765)
+* spaces: Spaces. (line 6533)
* spacing within math mode: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 5593)
-* spacing, intersentence: \frenchspacing. (line 5938)
-* Spanish ordinals, feminine and masculine: Text symbols. (line 6427)
-* special characters: Non-English characters.
- (line 6571)
-* special insertions: Special insertions. (line 6261)
-* specifier, float placement: Floats. (line 1272)
+ (line 6236)
+* spacing, inter-sentence: \frenchspacing. (line 6628)
+* Spanish ordinals, feminine and masculine: Text symbols. (line 7143)
+* special characters: Reserved characters.
+ (line 6968)
+* special characters <1>: Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7290)
+* special insertions: Special insertions. (line 6962)
+* specifier, float placement: Floats. (line 1692)
* splitting the input file: Splitting the input.
- (line 6651)
-* starting a new page: \newpage. (line 3384)
-* starting a new page and clearing floats: \clearpage. (line 3377)
+ (line 7388)
+* stable option to footmisc package: Footnotes in section headings.
+ (line 4143)
+* starred form, defining new commands: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
+ (line 4228)
+* starting a new page: \newpage. (line 3953)
+* starting a new page and clearing floats: \clearpage. (line 3946)
* starting and ending: Starting and ending.
- (line 319)
-* starting on a right-hand page: \cleardoublepage. (line 3368)
-* sterling symbol: Text symbols. (line 6340)
-* straight double quote, base: Text symbols. (line 6449)
-* straight quote, base: Text symbols. (line 6449)
-* stretch, infinite horizontal: \hfill. (line 5857)
-* stretch, infinite vertical: \vfill. (line 6049)
-* stretch, omitting vertical: \raggedbottom. (line 1103)
-* styles of text: Font styles. (line 654)
-* styles, page: Page styles. (line 5725)
+ (line 327)
+* starting on a right-hand page: \cleardoublepage. (line 3937)
+* sterling symbol: Text symbols. (line 7056)
+* straight double quote, base: Text symbols. (line 7168)
+* straight quote, base: Text symbols. (line 7168)
+* straight single quote: Text symbols. (line 7164)
+* stretch, infinite horizontal: \hfill. (line 6565)
+* stretch, infinite vertical: \vfill. (line 6739)
+* stretch, omitting vertical: \raggedbottom. (line 1524)
+* styles of text: Font styles. (line 1073)
+* styles, page: Page styles. (line 6433)
* subscript: Subscripts & superscripts.
- (line 4521)
+ (line 5148)
* superscript: Subscripts & superscripts.
- (line 4521)
-* symbols, math: Math symbols. (line 4554)
-* symbols, text: Text symbols. (line 6298)
-* tab stops, using: tabbing. (line 2585)
+ (line 5148)
+* symbols, math: Math symbols. (line 5181)
+* symbols, text: Text symbols. (line 7014)
+* tab stops, using: tabbing. (line 3121)
* table of contents entry, manually adding: \addcontentsline.
- (line 6734)
-* table of contents file: Output files. (line 384)
-* table of contents, creating: Tables of contents. (line 6713)
-* tables, creating: table. (line 2676)
-* template, 'beamer': beamer template. (line 7152)
-* template, 'book': book template. (line 7183)
-* template, TUGboat: tugboat template. (line 7203)
-* templates, document: Document templates. (line 7145)
+ (line 7472)
+* table of contents file: Output files. (line 392)
+* table of contents, avoiding footnotes: Footnotes in section headings.
+ (line 4139)
+* table of contents, creating: Tables of contents. (line 7451)
+* tables, creating: table. (line 3212)
+* template, beamer: beamer template. (line 7896)
+* template, book: book template. (line 7927)
+* template, TUGboat: tugboat template. (line 7947)
+* templates, document: Document templates. (line 7889)
* terminal input/output: Terminal input/output.
- (line 7091)
-* TeX logo: Text symbols. (line 6353)
-* text symbols: Text symbols. (line 6298)
-* 'textcomp' package: Font styles. (line 782)
-* thanks, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 5747)
-* theorem-like environment: \newtheorem. (line 3904)
-* theorems, defining: \newtheorem. (line 3904)
-* theorems, typesetting: theorem. (line 3142)
-* thorn, Icelandic letter: Non-English characters.
- (line 6616)
-* three-quarters em-dash: Text symbols. (line 6458)
-* tie-after accent: Accents. (line 6550)
-* tilde accent: Accents. (line 6512)
-* tilde accent, math: Math accents. (line 5579)
-* tilde, ASCII, in text: Text symbols. (line 6359)
+ (line 7835)
+* TeX logo: Text symbols. (line 7069)
+* text symbols: Text symbols. (line 7014)
+* textcomp package: Font styles. (line 1201)
+* thanks, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 6455)
+* theorem-like environment: \newtheorem. (line 4487)
+* theorems, defining: \newtheorem. (line 4487)
+* theorems, typesetting: theorem. (line 3682)
+* thorn, Icelandic letter: Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7340)
+* three-quarters em-dash: Text symbols. (line 7177)
+* tie-after accent: Accents. (line 7269)
+* tilde accent: Accents. (line 7231)
+* tilde accent, math: Math accents. (line 6222)
+* tilde, ASCII, in text: Text symbols. (line 7075)
* title page, separate or run-in: Document class options.
- (line 604)
-* title pages, creating: titlepage. (line 3155)
-* title, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 5751)
-* titles, making: \maketitle. (line 5731)
-* trademark symbol: Text symbols. (line 6461)
-* transcript file: Output files. (line 369)
-* TrueType fonts: TeX engines. (line 393)
-* TUGboat template: tugboat template. (line 7203)
-* two-column output: \twocolumn. (line 975)
-* two-thirds em-dash: Text symbols. (line 6464)
-* type styles: Font styles. (line 654)
-* typed text, simulating: verbatim. (line 3172)
-* typeface sizes: Font sizes. (line 796)
-* typefaces: Fonts. (line 648)
-* typewriter font: Font styles. (line 740)
-* typewriter labels in lists: description. (line 1688)
-* umlaut accent: Accents. (line 6485)
-* underbar: Accents. (line 6558)
-* underscore, in text: Text symbols. (line 6467)
-* Unicode input, native: TeX engines. (line 393)
-* units, of length: Units of length. (line 4290)
+ (line 667)
+* title pages, creating: titlepage. (line 3695)
+* title, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 6459)
+* titles, making: \maketitle. (line 6439)
+* trademark symbol: Text symbols. (line 7180)
+* transcript file: Output files. (line 377)
+* TrueType fonts: TeX engines. (line 401)
+* TUGboat template: tugboat template. (line 7947)
+* two-column output: \twocolumn. (line 1393)
+* two-thirds em-dash: Text symbols. (line 7183)
+* type styles: Font styles. (line 1073)
+* typed text, simulating: verbatim. (line 3734)
+* typeface sizes: Font sizes. (line 1215)
+* typefaces: Fonts. (line 1067)
+* typewriter font: Font styles. (line 1159)
+* typewriter labels in lists: description. (line 2215)
+* umlaut accent: Accents. (line 7204)
+* underbar: Accents. (line 7277)
+* underscore, in text: Text symbols. (line 7186)
+* Unicode input, native: TeX engines. (line 401)
+* units, of length: Units of length. (line 4900)
* unofficial nature of this manual: About this document.
- (line 261)
-* unordered lists: itemize. (line 2078)
-* using BibTeX: Using BibTeX. (line 3105)
-* UTF-8: TeX engines. (line 393)
-* variables, a list of: Counters. (line 4100)
-* vector symbol, math: Math accents. (line 5582)
-* verbatim text: verbatim. (line 3172)
-* verbatim text, inline: \verb. (line 3189)
-* vertical bar, double, in text: Text symbols. (line 6371)
-* vertical bar, in text: Text symbols. (line 6368)
-* vertical space: \addvspace. (line 6006)
-* vertical space <1>: \vspace. (line 6075)
-* vertical space before paragraphs: \parskip. (line 4428)
-* visible space: \verb. (line 3200)
-* visible space symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 6470)
+ (line 269)
+* unordered lists: itemize. (line 2606)
+* using BibTeX: Using BibTeX. (line 3645)
+* UTF-8: TeX engines. (line 401)
+* variables, a list of: Counters. (line 4683)
+* vector symbol, math: Math accents. (line 6225)
+* verbatim text: verbatim. (line 3734)
+* verbatim text, inline: \verb. (line 3751)
+* vertical bar, double, in text: Text symbols. (line 7087)
+* vertical bar, in text: Text symbols. (line 7084)
+* vertical space: \addvspace. (line 6696)
+* vertical space <1>: \vspace. (line 6765)
+* vertical space before paragraphs: \parskip. (line 5055)
+* visible space: \verb. (line 3762)
+* visible space symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 7189)
* weights, of fonts: Low-level font commands.
- (line 871)
-* white space: Spaces. (line 5825)
-* wide hat accent, math: Math accents. (line 5585)
-* wide tilde accent, math: Math accents. (line 5588)
+ (line 1290)
+* white space: Spaces. (line 6533)
+* wide hat accent, math: Math accents. (line 6228)
+* wide tilde accent, math: Math accents. (line 6231)
* widths, of fonts: Low-level font commands.
- (line 883)
-* writing external files: filecontents. (line 1975)
-* writing letters: Letters. (line 6833)
-* x-height: Units of length. (line 4322)
-* XeTeX: TeX engines. (line 425)
-* 'xindy' program: Indexes. (line 6810)
+ (line 1302)
+* writing external files: filecontents. (line 2503)
+* writing letters: Letters. (line 7576)
+* x-height: Units of length. (line 4932)
+* XeTeX: TeX engines. (line 433)
+* xindy program: Indexes. (line 7553)
+* xspace package: \(SPACE) after control sequence.
+ (line 6622)
Command Index
*************
* Menu:
-* $: Math formulas. (line 4502)
-* &: tabular. (line 2744)
-* --help command-line option: Command line. (line 7132)
-* .aux file: Output files. (line 374)
-* .dvi file: Output files. (line 351)
-* .fd file: \newfont. (line 4026)
-* .lof file: Output files. (line 384)
-* .lof file <1>: Tables of contents. (line 6723)
-* .log file: Output files. (line 369)
-* .lot file: Output files. (line 384)
-* .lot file <1>: Tables of contents. (line 6723)
-* .pdf file: Output files. (line 361)
-* .tex, default extension: Command line. (line 7124)
-* .toc file: Output files. (line 384)
-* .toc file <1>: Tables of contents. (line 6713)
-* .xdv file: TeX engines. (line 425)
+* $: Math formulas. (line 5129)
+* &: tabular. (line 3280)
+* --help command-line option: Command line. (line 7876)
+* .aux file: Output files. (line 382)
+* .dvi file: Output files. (line 359)
+* .fd file: \newfont. (line 4609)
+* .lof file: Output files. (line 392)
+* .lof file <1>: Tables of contents. (line 7461)
+* .log file: Output files. (line 377)
+* .lot file: Output files. (line 392)
+* .lot file <1>: Tables of contents. (line 7461)
+* .pdf file: Output files. (line 369)
+* .tex, default extension: Command line. (line 7868)
+* .toc file: Output files. (line 392)
+* .toc file <1>: Tables of contents. (line 7451)
+* .xdv file: TeX engines. (line 433)
* 10pt option: Document class options.
- (line 552)
+ (line 612)
* 11pt option: Document class options.
- (line 552)
+ (line 612)
* 12pt option: Document class options.
- (line 552)
+ (line 612)
* [...] for optional arguments: LaTeX command syntax.
- (line 444)
+ (line 452)
* \ character starting commands: LaTeX command syntax.
- (line 444)
+ (line 452)
* \!: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 5616)
-* \" (umlaut accent): Accents. (line 6485)
+ (line 6259)
+* \" (umlaut accent): Accents. (line 7204)
* \#: Reserved characters.
- (line 6272)
+ (line 6975)
* \$: Reserved characters.
- (line 6272)
+ (line 6975)
* \%: Reserved characters.
- (line 6272)
+ (line 6975)
* \&: Reserved characters.
- (line 6272)
-* \' (acute accent): Accents. (line 6489)
-* \' (tabbing): tabbing. (line 2624)
-* \(: Math formulas. (line 4494)
-* \(SPACE): \(SPACE) and \@. (line 5867)
-* \): Math formulas. (line 4494)
-* \*: Math miscellany. (line 5636)
-* \+: tabbing. (line 2616)
+ (line 6975)
+* \' (acute accent): Accents. (line 7208)
+* \' (tabbing): tabbing. (line 3160)
+* \(: Math formulas. (line 5121)
+* \(SPACE): \(SPACE) and \@. (line 6575)
+* \): Math formulas. (line 5121)
+* \*: Math miscellany. (line 6279)
+* \+: tabbing. (line 3152)
* \,: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 5612)
-* \-: tabbing. (line 2620)
-* \- (hyphenation): \- (hyphenation). (line 3298)
-* \. (dot-over accent): Accents. (line 6494)
-* \/: \/. (line 5958)
+ (line 6255)
+* \-: tabbing. (line 3156)
+* \- (hyphenation): \- (hyphenation). (line 3860)
+* \. (dot-over accent): Accents. (line 7213)
+* \/: \/. (line 6648)
* \:: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 5608)
+ (line 6251)
* \;: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 5603)
-* \<: tabbing. (line 2612)
-* \= (macron accent): Accents. (line 6498)
-* \= (tabbing): tabbing. (line 2606)
-* \>: tabbing. (line 2610)
+ (line 6246)
+* \<: tabbing. (line 3148)
+* \= (macron accent): Accents. (line 7217)
+* \= (tabbing): tabbing. (line 3142)
+* \>: tabbing. (line 3146)
* \> <1>: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 5608)
-* \> (tabbing): tabbing. (line 2609)
-* \@: \(SPACE) and \@. (line 5867)
-* \@fnsymbol: \footnote. (line 3458)
-* \a (tabbing): tabbing. (line 2639)
-* \a' (acute accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 2640)
-* \a= (macron accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 2640)
-* \aa (aa): Non-English characters.
- (line 6576)
-* \AA (AA): Non-English characters.
- (line 6576)
-* \acute: Math accents. (line 5545)
-* \addcontentsline{EXT}{UNIT}{TEXT}: \addcontentsline. (line 6734)
-* \address: \address. (line 6913)
-* \addtocontents{EXT}{TEXT}: \addtocontents. (line 6763)
-* \addtocounter: \addtocounter. (line 4224)
-* \addtolength: \addtolength. (line 4347)
-* \addvspace: \addvspace. (line 6006)
-* \ae (ae): Non-English characters.
- (line 6580)
-* \AE (AE): Non-English characters.
- (line 6580)
-* \aleph: Math symbols. (line 4567)
-* \alph: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 4128)
-* \Alph: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 4131)
-* \Alph example: enumerate. (line 1832)
-* \alpha: Math symbols. (line 4570)
-* \alsoname: Indexes. (line 6807)
-* \amalg: Math symbols. (line 4573)
-* \and for '\author': \maketitle. (line 5737)
-* \angle: Math symbols. (line 4576)
-* \appendix: Sectioning. (line 1428)
-* \approx: Math symbols. (line 4581)
-* \arabic: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 4134)
-* \arccos: Math functions. (line 5436)
-* \arcsin: Math functions. (line 5439)
-* \arctan: Math functions. (line 5442)
-* \arg: Math functions. (line 5445)
-* \arraycolsep: array. (line 1579)
-* \arrayrulewidth: tabular. (line 2868)
-* \arraystretch: tabular. (line 2874)
-* \ast: Math symbols. (line 4584)
-* \asymp: Math symbols. (line 4593)
-* \AtBeginDocument: \AtBeginDocument. (line 1757)
-* \AtEndDocument: \AtEndDocument. (line 1770)
-* \author{NAME \and NAME2}: \maketitle. (line 5736)
-* \a` (grave accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 2640)
-* \b (bar-under accent): Accents. (line 6515)
-* \backslash: Math symbols. (line 4596)
-* \backslash <1>: Reserved characters.
- (line 6277)
-* \bar: Math accents. (line 5548)
+ (line 6251)
+* \> (tabbing): tabbing. (line 3145)
+* \@: \(SPACE) and \@. (line 6575)
+* \@fnsymbol: \footnote. (line 4027)
+* \a (tabbing): tabbing. (line 3175)
+* \a' (acute accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 3176)
+* \a= (macron accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 3176)
+* \aa (aa): Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7296)
+* \AA (AA): Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7296)
+* \acute: Math accents. (line 6188)
+* \addcontentsline: \addcontentsline. (line 7472)
+* \address: \address. (line 7656)
+* \addtocontents{EXT}{TEXT}: \addtocontents. (line 7506)
+* \addtocounter: \addtocounter. (line 4828)
+* \addtolength: \addtolength. (line 4962)
+* \addvspace: \addvspace. (line 6696)
+* \ae (ae): Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7300)
+* \AE (AE): Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7300)
+* \aleph: Math symbols. (line 5197)
+* \Alph example: enumerate. (line 2360)
+* \alpha: Math symbols. (line 5200)
+* \alph{COUNTER}: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
+ (line 4717)
+* \Alph{COUNTER}: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
+ (line 4720)
+* \alsoname: Indexes. (line 7550)
+* \amalg: Math symbols. (line 5203)
+* \and for \author: \maketitle. (line 6445)
+* \angle: Math symbols. (line 5206)
+* \appendix: Sectioning. (line 1848)
+* \approx: Math symbols. (line 5211)
+* \arabic{COUNTER}: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
+ (line 4723)
+* \arccos: Math functions. (line 6079)
+* \arcsin: Math functions. (line 6082)
+* \arctan: Math functions. (line 6085)
+* \arg: Math functions. (line 6088)
+* \arraycolsep: array. (line 2088)
+* \arrayrulewidth: tabular. (line 3404)
+* \arraystretch: tabular. (line 3410)
+* \ast: Math symbols. (line 5214)
+* \asymp: Math symbols. (line 5223)
+* \AtBeginDocument: \AtBeginDocument. (line 2285)
+* \AtBeginDvi: Class and package commands.
+ (line 787)
+* \AtEndDocument: \AtEndDocument. (line 2298)
+* \AtEndOfClass: Class and package commands.
+ (line 792)
+* \AtEndOfPackage: Class and package commands.
+ (line 792)
+* \author{NAME \and NAME2}: \maketitle. (line 6444)
+* \a` (grave accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 3176)
+* \b (bar-under accent): Accents. (line 7234)
+* \backslash: Math symbols. (line 5226)
+* \bar: Math accents. (line 6191)
* \baselineskip: Low-level font commands.
- (line 914)
+ (line 1333)
* \baselinestretch: Low-level font commands.
- (line 924)
-* \begin: Environments. (line 1525)
-* \beta: Math symbols. (line 4600)
-* \bf: Font styles. (line 718)
-* \bfseries: Font styles. (line 687)
-* \bibitem: \bibitem. (line 3065)
-* \bibliography: Using BibTeX. (line 3105)
-* \bibliographystyle: Using BibTeX. (line 3105)
-* \bigcap: Math symbols. (line 4603)
-* \bigcirc: Math symbols. (line 4607)
-* \bigcup: Math symbols. (line 4611)
-* \bigodot: Math symbols. (line 4615)
-* \bigoplus: Math symbols. (line 4618)
-* \bigotimes: Math symbols. (line 4621)
+ (line 1343)
+* \begin: Environments. (line 1994)
+* \beta: Math symbols. (line 5230)
+* \bf: Font styles. (line 1137)
+* \bfseries: Font styles. (line 1106)
+* \bibitem: \bibitem. (line 3601)
+* \bibliography: Using BibTeX. (line 3645)
+* \bibliographystyle: Using BibTeX. (line 3645)
+* \bigcap: Math symbols. (line 5233)
+* \bigcirc: Math symbols. (line 5237)
+* \bigcup: Math symbols. (line 5241)
+* \bigodot: Math symbols. (line 5245)
+* \bigoplus: Math symbols. (line 5248)
+* \bigotimes: Math symbols. (line 5251)
* \bigskip: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
- (line 6032)
+ (line 6721)
* \bigskipamount: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
- (line 6032)
-* \bigsqcup: Math symbols. (line 4632)
-* \bigtriangledown: Math symbols. (line 4624)
-* \bigtriangleup: Math symbols. (line 4628)
-* \biguplus: Math symbols. (line 4635)
-* \bigvee: Math symbols. (line 4639)
-* \bigwedge: Math symbols. (line 4642)
-* \bmod: Math functions. (line 5448)
-* \boldmath: Math formulas. (line 4507)
-* \bot: Math symbols. (line 4645)
-* \bottomfraction: Floats. (line 1335)
-* \bottomfraction <1>: Floats. (line 1336)
-* \bowtie: Math symbols. (line 4649)
-* \Box: Math symbols. (line 4652)
-* \breve: Math accents. (line 5551)
-* \bullet: Math symbols. (line 4657)
-* \c (cedilla accent): Accents. (line 6520)
-* \cal: Font styles. (line 721)
-* \cap: Math symbols. (line 4660)
-* \capitalacute: Accents. (line 6489)
-* \capitalbreve: Accents. (line 6555)
-* \capitalcaron: Accents. (line 6566)
-* \capitalcedilla: Accents. (line 6520)
-* \capitalcircumflex: Accents. (line 6502)
-* \capitaldieresis: Accents. (line 6485)
-* \capitaldotaccent: Accents. (line 6524)
-* \capitalgrave: Accents. (line 6506)
-* \capitalhungarumlaut: Accents. (line 6528)
-* \capitalmacron: Accents. (line 6498)
-* \capitalnewtie: Accents. (line 6550)
-* \capitalogonek: Accents. (line 6539)
-* \capitalring: Accents. (line 6544)
-* \capitaltie: Accents. (line 6550)
-* \capitaltilde: Accents. (line 6512)
-* \caption: figure. (line 1956)
-* \caption <1>: table. (line 2696)
-* \cc: \cc. (line 6940)
-* \cdot: Math symbols. (line 4665)
-* \cdots: Math miscellany. (line 5640)
-* \centering: \centering. (line 1639)
-* \chapter: Sectioning. (line 1400)
-* \check: Math accents. (line 5554)
-* \chi: Math symbols. (line 4668)
-* \circ: Math symbols. (line 4671)
-* \circle: \circle. (line 2352)
-* \cite: \cite. (line 3083)
-* \cleardoublepage: \cleardoublepage. (line 3368)
-* \clearpage: \clearpage. (line 3377)
-* \cline: \cline. (line 3001)
-* \closing: \closing. (line 6955)
-* \clubsuit: Math symbols. (line 4676)
-* \columnsep: \twocolumn. (line 990)
+ (line 6722)
+* \bigsqcup: Math symbols. (line 5262)
+* \bigtriangledown: Math symbols. (line 5254)
+* \bigtriangleup: Math symbols. (line 5258)
+* \biguplus: Math symbols. (line 5265)
+* \bigvee: Math symbols. (line 5269)
+* \bigwedge: Math symbols. (line 5272)
+* \bmod: Math functions. (line 6091)
+* \boldmath: Math formulas. (line 5134)
+* \bot: Math symbols. (line 5275)
+* \bottomfraction: Floats. (line 1755)
+* \bottomfraction <1>: Floats. (line 1756)
+* \bowtie: Math symbols. (line 5280)
+* \Box: Math symbols. (line 5283)
+* \breve: Math accents. (line 6194)
+* \bullet: Math symbols. (line 5288)
+* \c (cedilla accent): Accents. (line 7239)
+* \cal: Font styles. (line 1140)
+* \cap: Math symbols. (line 5291)
+* \capitalacute: Accents. (line 7208)
+* \capitalbreve: Accents. (line 7274)
+* \capitalcaron: Accents. (line 7285)
+* \capitalcedilla: Accents. (line 7239)
+* \capitalcircumflex: Accents. (line 7221)
+* \capitaldieresis: Accents. (line 7204)
+* \capitaldotaccent: Accents. (line 7243)
+* \capitalgrave: Accents. (line 7225)
+* \capitalhungarumlaut: Accents. (line 7247)
+* \capitalmacron: Accents. (line 7217)
+* \capitalnewtie: Accents. (line 7269)
+* \capitalogonek: Accents. (line 7258)
+* \capitalring: Accents. (line 7263)
+* \capitaltie: Accents. (line 7269)
+* \capitaltilde: Accents. (line 7231)
+* \caption: figure. (line 2484)
+* \caption <1>: table. (line 3232)
+* \cc: \cc. (line 7683)
+* \cdot: Math symbols. (line 5296)
+* \cdots: Math miscellany. (line 6298)
+* \centering: \centering. (line 2166)
+* \chapter: Sectioning. (line 1820)
+* \check: Math accents. (line 6197)
+* \chi: Math symbols. (line 5299)
+* \circ: Math symbols. (line 5302)
+* \circle: \circle. (line 2888)
+* \cite: \cite. (line 3620)
+* \ClassError: Class and package commands.
+ (line 807)
+* \ClassInfo: Class and package commands.
+ (line 807)
+* \ClassInfoNoLine: Class and package commands.
+ (line 807)
+* \ClassWarning: Class and package commands.
+ (line 807)
+* \ClassWarningNoLine: Class and package commands.
+ (line 807)
+* \cleardoublepage: \cleardoublepage. (line 3937)
+* \clearpage: \clearpage. (line 3946)
+* \cline: \cline. (line 3537)
+* \closing: \closing. (line 7699)
+* \clubsuit: Math symbols. (line 5307)
+* \columnsep: \twocolumn. (line 1409)
* \columnsep <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1115)
+ (line 1535)
* \columnsep <2>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1118)
-* \columnseprule: \twocolumn. (line 996)
+ (line 1538)
+* \columnseprule: \twocolumn. (line 1415)
* \columnseprule <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1116)
+ (line 1536)
* \columnseprule <2>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1118)
-* \columnwidth: \twocolumn. (line 1003)
+ (line 1538)
+* \columnwidth: \twocolumn. (line 1422)
* \columnwidth <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1117)
+ (line 1537)
* \columnwidth <2>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1118)
-* \complement: Math symbols. (line 4679)
-* \cong: Math symbols. (line 4685)
-* \contentsline: \addcontentsline. (line 6757)
-* \coprod: Math symbols. (line 4688)
-* \copyright: Text symbols. (line 6302)
-* \cos: Math functions. (line 5451)
-* \cosh: Math functions. (line 5454)
-* \cot: Math functions. (line 5457)
-* \coth: Math functions. (line 5460)
-* \csc: Math functions. (line 5463)
-* \cup: Math symbols. (line 4691)
-* \d (dot-under accent): Accents. (line 6524)
-* \dag: Text symbols. (line 6306)
-* \dagger: Math symbols. (line 4696)
-* \dashbox: \dashbox. (line 2407)
-* \dashv: Math symbols. (line 4699)
-* \date{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 5742)
-* \day: \day \month \year. (line 4251)
-* \dblfloatpagefraction: \twocolumn. (line 1037)
-* \dblfloatsep: \twocolumn. (line 1043)
-* \dbltextfloatsep: \twocolumn. (line 1050)
-* \dbltopfraction: \twocolumn. (line 1015)
-* \dbltopnumber: \twocolumn. (line 1055)
-* \ddag: Text symbols. (line 6309)
-* \ddagger: Math symbols. (line 4703)
-* \ddot: Math accents. (line 5557)
-* \ddots: Math miscellany. (line 5644)
-* \deg: Math functions. (line 5466)
-* \Delta: Math symbols. (line 4706)
-* \delta: Math symbols. (line 4709)
-* \depth: Predefined lengths. (line 4379)
-* \det: Math functions. (line 5469)
-* \dh (d): Non-English characters.
- (line 6584)
-* \DH (D): Non-English characters.
- (line 6584)
-* \Diamond: Math symbols. (line 4712)
-* \diamond: Math symbols. (line 4716)
-* \diamondsuit: Math symbols. (line 4720)
-* \dim: Math functions. (line 5472)
-* \displaystyle: Math formulas. (line 4512)
-* \div: Math symbols. (line 4723)
-* \dj: Non-English characters.
- (line 6588)
-* \DJ: Non-English characters.
- (line 6588)
-* \documentclass: Document classes. (line 510)
-* \dot: Math accents. (line 5560)
-* \doteq: Math symbols. (line 4726)
+ (line 1538)
+* \complement: Math symbols. (line 5310)
+* \cong: Math symbols. (line 5316)
+* \contentsline: \addcontentsline. (line 7499)
+* \coprod: Math symbols. (line 5319)
+* \copyright: Text symbols. (line 7018)
+* \cos: Math functions. (line 6094)
+* \cosh: Math functions. (line 6097)
+* \cot: Math functions. (line 6100)
+* \coth: Math functions. (line 6103)
+* \csc: Math functions. (line 6106)
+* \cup: Math symbols. (line 5322)
+* \CurrentOption: Class and package commands.
+ (line 825)
+* \d (dot-under accent): Accents. (line 7243)
+* \dag: Text symbols. (line 7022)
+* \dagger: Math symbols. (line 5327)
+* \dashbox: \dashbox. (line 2943)
+* \dashv: Math symbols. (line 5330)
+* \date{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 6450)
+* \day: \day \month \year. (line 4861)
+* \dblfloatpagefraction: \twocolumn. (line 1456)
+* \dblfloatsep: \twocolumn. (line 1462)
+* \dbltextfloatsep: \twocolumn. (line 1469)
+* \dbltopfraction: \twocolumn. (line 1434)
+* \dbltopnumber: \twocolumn. (line 1474)
+* \ddag: Text symbols. (line 7025)
+* \ddagger: Math symbols. (line 5334)
+* \ddot: Math accents. (line 6200)
+* \ddots: Math miscellany. (line 6302)
+* \DeclareOption: Class and package commands.
+ (line 831)
+* \DeclareOption*: Class and package commands.
+ (line 831)
+* \deg: Math functions. (line 6109)
+* \Delta: Math symbols. (line 5337)
+* \delta: Math symbols. (line 5340)
+* \depth: Predefined lengths. (line 5006)
+* \det: Math functions. (line 6112)
+* \dh (d): Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7304)
+* \DH (D): Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7304)
+* \Diamond: Math symbols. (line 5343)
+* \diamond: Math symbols. (line 5347)
+* \diamondsuit: Math symbols. (line 5351)
+* \dim: Math functions. (line 6115)
+* \displaystyle: Math formulas. (line 5139)
+* \div: Math symbols. (line 5354)
+* \dj: Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7310)
+* \DJ: Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7310)
+* \documentclass: Document classes. (line 570)
+* \dot: Math accents. (line 6203)
+* \doteq: Math symbols. (line 5357)
* \dotfill: \hrulefill \dotfill.
- (line 5983)
-* \dots: Text symbols. (line 6326)
-* \doublerulesep: tabular. (line 2879)
-* \downarrow: Math symbols. (line 4730)
-* \Downarrow: Math symbols. (line 4734)
-* \ell: Math symbols. (line 4738)
-* \emph: Font styles. (line 707)
-* \emptyset: Math symbols. (line 4741)
-* \encl: \encl. (line 6967)
-* \end: Environments. (line 1525)
-* \enlargethispage: \enlargethispage. (line 3390)
-* \enumi: enumerate. (line 1822)
-* \enumii: enumerate. (line 1822)
-* \enumiii: enumerate. (line 1822)
-* \enumiv: enumerate. (line 1822)
-* \epsilon: Math symbols. (line 4745)
-* \equiv: Math symbols. (line 4750)
-* \eta: Math symbols. (line 4753)
+ (line 6673)
+* \dots: Text symbols. (line 7042)
+* \doublerulesep: tabular. (line 3415)
+* \downarrow: Math symbols. (line 5361)
+* \Downarrow: Math symbols. (line 5365)
+* \ell: Math symbols. (line 5369)
+* \emph: Font styles. (line 1126)
+* \emptyset: Math symbols. (line 5372)
+* \encl: \encl. (line 7711)
+* \end: Environments. (line 1994)
+* \enlargethispage: \enlargethispage. (line 3959)
+* \enumi: enumerate. (line 2350)
+* \enumii: enumerate. (line 2350)
+* \enumiii: enumerate. (line 2350)
+* \enumiv: enumerate. (line 2350)
+* \epsilon: Math symbols. (line 5376)
+* \equiv: Math symbols. (line 5382)
+* \eta: Math symbols. (line 5385)
* \evensidemargin: Document class options.
- (line 615)
+ (line 680)
* \evensidemargin <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1176)
+ (line 1596)
* \evensidemargin <2>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1177)
-* \exists: Math symbols. (line 4756)
-* \exp: Math functions. (line 5475)
-* \extracolsep: tabular. (line 2827)
+ (line 1597)
+* \ExecuteOptions: Class and package commands.
+ (line 899)
+* \exists: Math symbols. (line 5388)
+* \exp: Math functions. (line 6118)
+* \extracolsep: tabular. (line 3363)
* \fbox: \fbox and \framebox.
- (line 6114)
+ (line 6808)
* \fboxrule: \framebox (picture).
- (line 2401)
+ (line 2937)
* \fboxrule <1>: \fbox and \framebox.
- (line 6126)
+ (line 6820)
* \fboxsep: \framebox (picture).
- (line 2401)
+ (line 2937)
* \fboxsep <1>: \fbox and \framebox.
- (line 6126)
-* \fill: \hfill. (line 5860)
-* \flat: Math symbols. (line 4759)
-* \floatpagefraction: Floats. (line 1339)
-* \floatpagefraction <1>: Floats. (line 1340)
-* \floatsep: Floats. (line 1355)
-* \floatsep <1>: Floats. (line 1356)
-* \flushbottom: \flushbottom. (line 1084)
-* \fnsymbol: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 4143)
-* \fnsymbol, and footnotes: \footnote. (line 3458)
+ (line 6820)
+* \fill: \hfill. (line 6568)
+* \flat: Math symbols. (line 5391)
+* \floatpagefraction: Floats. (line 1759)
+* \floatpagefraction <1>: Floats. (line 1760)
+* \floatsep: Floats. (line 1775)
+* \floatsep <1>: Floats. (line 1776)
+* \flushbottom: \flushbottom. (line 1503)
+* \fnsymbol, and footnotes: \footnote. (line 4027)
+* \fnsymbol{COUNTER}: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
+ (line 4732)
* \fontencoding: Low-level font commands.
- (line 827)
+ (line 1246)
* \fontfamily: Low-level font commands.
- (line 836)
+ (line 1255)
* \fontseries: Low-level font commands.
- (line 861)
+ (line 1280)
* \fontshape: Low-level font commands.
- (line 901)
+ (line 1320)
* \fontsize: Low-level font commands.
- (line 914)
-* \footnote: \footnote. (line 3441)
-* \footnotemark: \footnotemark. (line 3479)
+ (line 1333)
+* \footnote: \footnote. (line 4010)
+* \footnotemark: \footnotemark. (line 4048)
* \footnoterule: Footnote parameters.
- (line 3628)
+ (line 4199)
* \footnotesep: Footnote parameters.
- (line 3634)
-* \footnotesize: Font sizes. (line 801)
-* \footnotetext: \footnotetext. (line 3511)
+ (line 4205)
+* \footnotesize: Font sizes. (line 1220)
+* \footnotetext: \footnotetext. (line 4080)
* \footskip: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1135)
+ (line 1555)
* \footskip <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1136)
-* \forall: Math symbols. (line 4762)
-* \frac: Math miscellany. (line 5648)
-* \frac{num}{den}: Math miscellany. (line 5647)
-* \frame: \frame. (line 2422)
+ (line 1556)
+* \forall: Math symbols. (line 5394)
+* \frac: Math miscellany. (line 6306)
+* \frac{NUM}{DEN}: Math miscellany. (line 6305)
+* \frame: \frame. (line 2958)
* \framebox: \framebox (picture).
- (line 2393)
+ (line 2929)
* \framebox <1>: \fbox and \framebox.
- (line 6114)
-* \frenchspacing: \frenchspacing. (line 5938)
-* \frown: Math symbols. (line 4765)
-* \fussy: \fussy. (line 3310)
-* \Gamma: Math symbols. (line 4768)
-* \gamma: Math symbols. (line 4771)
-* \gcd: Math functions. (line 5478)
-* \ge: Math symbols. (line 4774)
-* \geq: Math symbols. (line 4778)
-* \gets: Math symbols. (line 4782)
-* \gg: Math symbols. (line 4785)
-* \glossary: Glossaries. (line 6780)
-* \glossaryentry: Glossaries. (line 6783)
-* \grave: Math accents. (line 5563)
-* \guillemotleft (<<): Text symbols. (line 6318)
-* \guillemotright (>>): Text symbols. (line 6319)
-* \guilsinglleft (<): Text symbols. (line 6320)
-* \guilsinglright (>): Text symbols. (line 6321)
-* \H (Hungarian umlaut accent): Accents. (line 6528)
-* \hat: Math accents. (line 5566)
-* \hbar: Math symbols. (line 4789)
+ (line 6808)
+* \frenchspacing: \frenchspacing. (line 6628)
+* \frown: Math symbols. (line 5397)
+* \fussy: \fussy. (line 3879)
+* \Gamma: Math symbols. (line 5400)
+* \gamma: Math symbols. (line 5403)
+* \gcd: Math functions. (line 6121)
+* \ge: Math symbols. (line 5406)
+* \geq: Math symbols. (line 5410)
+* \gets: Math symbols. (line 5414)
+* \gg: Math symbols. (line 5417)
+* \glossary: Glossaries. (line 7523)
+* \glossaryentry: Glossaries. (line 7526)
+* \grave: Math accents. (line 6206)
+* \guillemotleft (<<): Text symbols. (line 7034)
+* \guillemotright (>>): Text symbols. (line 7035)
+* \guilsinglleft (<): Text symbols. (line 7036)
+* \guilsinglright (>): Text symbols. (line 7037)
+* \H (Hungarian umlaut accent): Accents. (line 7247)
+* \hat: Math accents. (line 6209)
+* \hbar: Math symbols. (line 5421)
* \headheight: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1123)
+ (line 1543)
* \headheight <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1124)
+ (line 1544)
* \headsep: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1128)
+ (line 1548)
* \headsep <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1129)
-* \heartsuit: Math symbols. (line 4792)
-* \height: Predefined lengths. (line 4377)
-* \hfill: \hfill. (line 5857)
-* \hline: \hline. (line 3023)
-* \hom: Math functions. (line 5481)
-* \hookleftarrow: Math symbols. (line 4795)
-* \hookrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 4798)
+ (line 1549)
+* \heartsuit: Math symbols. (line 5424)
+* \height: Predefined lengths. (line 5004)
+* \hfill: \hfill. (line 6565)
+* \hline: \hline. (line 3559)
+* \hom: Math functions. (line 6124)
+* \hookleftarrow: Math symbols. (line 5427)
+* \hookrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 5430)
* \hrulefill: \hrulefill \dotfill.
- (line 5983)
+ (line 6673)
* \hsize: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1228)
+ (line 1648)
* \hsize <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1228)
-* \hspace: \hspace. (line 5830)
-* \huge: Font sizes. (line 801)
-* \Huge: Font sizes. (line 801)
-* \hyphenation: \hyphenation. (line 3328)
-* \i (dotless i): Accents. (line 6532)
-* \iff: Math symbols. (line 4801)
-* \ij (ij): Non-English characters.
- (line 6592)
-* \IJ (IJ): Non-English characters.
- (line 6592)
-* \Im: Math symbols. (line 4805)
-* \imath: Math accents. (line 5569)
-* \in: Math symbols. (line 4808)
-* \include: \include. (line 6663)
-* \includeonly: \includeonly. (line 6681)
-* \indent: \indent. (line 4402)
-* \index: Indexes. (line 6796)
-* \indexentry: Indexes. (line 6799)
-* \inf: Math functions. (line 5484)
-* \infty: Math symbols. (line 4813)
-* \input: \input. (line 6695)
-* \int: Math symbols. (line 4816)
-* \intextsep: Floats. (line 1359)
-* \intextsep <1>: Floats. (line 1360)
-* \iota: Math symbols. (line 4819)
-* \it: Font styles. (line 724)
-* \item: description. (line 1679)
-* \item <1>: description. (line 1684)
-* \item <2>: enumerate. (line 1798)
-* \item <3>: itemize. (line 2078)
-* \itemindent: itemize. (line 2121)
-* \itemsep: itemize. (line 2143)
-* \itshape: Font styles. (line 681)
-* \j (dotless j): Accents. (line 6535)
-* \jmath: Math accents. (line 5572)
-* \Join: Math symbols. (line 4822)
-* \k (ogonek): Accents. (line 6539)
-* \kappa: Math symbols. (line 4826)
-* \ker: Math functions. (line 5487)
-* \kill: tabbing. (line 2644)
-* \l (/l): Non-English characters.
- (line 6596)
-* \L (/L): Non-English characters.
- (line 6596)
-* \label: \label. (line 1455)
-* \labelenumi: enumerate. (line 1827)
-* \labelenumii: enumerate. (line 1827)
-* \labelenumiii: enumerate. (line 1827)
-* \labelenumiv: enumerate. (line 1827)
-* \labelitemi: itemize. (line 2101)
-* \labelitemii: itemize. (line 2101)
-* \labelitemiii: itemize. (line 2101)
-* \labelitemiv: itemize. (line 2101)
-* \labelsep: itemize. (line 2124)
-* \labelwidth: itemize. (line 2127)
-* \Lambda: Math symbols. (line 4829)
-* \lambda: Math symbols. (line 4832)
-* \land: Math symbols. (line 4835)
-* \langle: Math symbols. (line 4840)
-* \large: Font sizes. (line 801)
-* \Large: Font sizes. (line 801)
-* \LARGE: Font sizes. (line 801)
-* \LaTeX: Text symbols. (line 6312)
-* \LaTeXe: Text symbols. (line 6315)
-* \lbrace: Math symbols. (line 4845)
-* \lbrack: Math symbols. (line 4849)
-* \lceil: Math symbols. (line 4853)
-* \ldots: Text symbols. (line 6325)
-* \le: Math symbols. (line 4857)
-* \leadsto: Math symbols. (line 4861)
-* \left DELIM1 ... \right DELIM2: Math miscellany. (line 5650)
-* \Leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 4868)
-* \leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 4873)
-* \lefteqn: eqnarray. (line 1888)
-* \leftharpoondown: Math symbols. (line 4877)
-* \leftharpoonup: Math symbols. (line 4880)
-* \leftmargin: itemize. (line 2108)
-* \leftmargini: itemize. (line 2108)
-* \leftmarginii: itemize. (line 2108)
-* \leftmarginiii: itemize. (line 2108)
-* \leftmarginiv: itemize. (line 2108)
-* \leftmarginv: itemize. (line 2108)
-* \leftmarginvi: itemize. (line 2108)
-* \Leftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 4883)
-* \leftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 4888)
-* \leq: Math symbols. (line 4893)
-* \lfloor: Math symbols. (line 4897)
-* \lg: Math functions. (line 5490)
-* \lhd: Math symbols. (line 4900)
-* \lim: Math functions. (line 5493)
-* \liminf: Math functions. (line 5496)
-* \limsup: Math functions. (line 5499)
-* \line: \line. (line 2433)
+ (line 1648)
+* \hspace: \hspace. (line 6538)
+* \huge: Font sizes. (line 1220)
+* \Huge: Font sizes. (line 1220)
+* \hyphenation: \hyphenation. (line 3897)
+* \i (dotless i): Accents. (line 7251)
+* \iff: Math symbols. (line 5433)
+* \IfFileExists: Class and package commands.
+ (line 861)
+* \ij (ij): Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7316)
+* \IJ (IJ): Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7316)
+* \Im: Math symbols. (line 5437)
+* \imath: Math accents. (line 6212)
+* \in: Math symbols. (line 5440)
+* \include: \include. (line 7400)
+* \includeonly: \includeonly. (line 7418)
+* \indent: \indent. (line 5029)
+* \index: Indexes. (line 7539)
+* \indexentry: Indexes. (line 7542)
+* \indexspace: Indexes. (line 7562)
+* \inf: Math functions. (line 6127)
+* \infty: Math symbols. (line 5446)
+* \input: \input. (line 7433)
+* \InputIfFileExists: Class and package commands.
+ (line 861)
+* \int: Math symbols. (line 5449)
+* \intextsep: Floats. (line 1779)
+* \intextsep <1>: Floats. (line 1780)
+* \iota: Math symbols. (line 5452)
+* \it: Font styles. (line 1143)
+* \item: description. (line 2211)
+* \item <1>: enumerate. (line 2326)
+* \item <2>: itemize. (line 2606)
+* \itemindent: itemize. (line 2649)
+* \itemsep: itemize. (line 2671)
+* \itshape: Font styles. (line 1100)
+* \j (dotless j): Accents. (line 7254)
+* \jmath: Math accents. (line 6215)
+* \Join: Math symbols. (line 5455)
+* \k (ogonek): Accents. (line 7258)
+* \kappa: Math symbols. (line 5459)
+* \ker: Math functions. (line 6130)
+* \kill: tabbing. (line 3180)
+* \l (/l): Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7320)
+* \L (/L): Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7320)
+* \label: \label. (line 1900)
+* \labelenumi: enumerate. (line 2355)
+* \labelenumii: enumerate. (line 2355)
+* \labelenumiii: enumerate. (line 2355)
+* \labelenumiv: enumerate. (line 2355)
+* \labelitemi: itemize. (line 2629)
+* \labelitemii: itemize. (line 2629)
+* \labelitemiii: itemize. (line 2629)
+* \labelitemiv: itemize. (line 2629)
+* \labelsep: itemize. (line 2652)
+* \labelwidth: itemize. (line 2655)
+* \Lambda: Math symbols. (line 5462)
+* \lambda: Math symbols. (line 5465)
+* \land: Math symbols. (line 5468)
+* \langle: Math symbols. (line 5473)
+* \large: Font sizes. (line 1220)
+* \Large: Font sizes. (line 1220)
+* \LARGE: Font sizes. (line 1220)
+* \LaTeX: Text symbols. (line 7028)
+* \LaTeXe: Text symbols. (line 7031)
+* \lbrace: Math symbols. (line 5478)
+* \lbrack: Math symbols. (line 5482)
+* \lceil: Math symbols. (line 5486)
+* \ldots: Text symbols. (line 7041)
+* \le: Math symbols. (line 5490)
+* \leadsto: Math symbols. (line 5494)
+* \left DELIM1 ... \right DELIM2: Math miscellany. (line 6308)
+* \Leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 5501)
+* \leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 5506)
+* \lefteqn: eqnarray. (line 2416)
+* \leftharpoondown: Math symbols. (line 5510)
+* \leftharpoonup: Math symbols. (line 5513)
+* \leftmargin: itemize. (line 2636)
+* \leftmargini: itemize. (line 2636)
+* \leftmarginii: itemize. (line 2636)
+* \leftmarginiii: itemize. (line 2636)
+* \leftmarginiv: itemize. (line 2636)
+* \leftmarginv: itemize. (line 2636)
+* \leftmarginvi: itemize. (line 2636)
+* \Leftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 5516)
+* \leftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 5521)
+* \leq: Math symbols. (line 5526)
+* \lfloor: Math symbols. (line 5530)
+* \lg: Math functions. (line 6133)
+* \lhd: Math symbols. (line 5533)
+* \lim: Math functions. (line 6136)
+* \liminf: Math functions. (line 6139)
+* \limsup: Math functions. (line 6142)
+* \line: \line. (line 2969)
* \linebreak: \linebreak & \nolinebreak.
- (line 3344)
+ (line 3913)
* \linespread: Low-level font commands.
- (line 937)
-* \linethickness: \linethickness. (line 2447)
+ (line 1356)
+* \linethickness: \linethickness. (line 2983)
* \linewidth: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1142)
+ (line 1562)
* \linewidth <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1143)
-* \listoffigures: Tables of contents. (line 6723)
-* \listoftables: Tables of contents. (line 6723)
-* \listparindent: itemize. (line 2130)
-* \ll: Math symbols. (line 4907)
-* \ln: Math functions. (line 5502)
-* \lnot: Math symbols. (line 4911)
-* \location: \location. (line 6983)
-* \log: Math functions. (line 5505)
-* \longleftarrow: Math symbols. (line 4914)
-* \longleftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 4919)
-* \longmapsto: Math symbols. (line 4923)
-* \longrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 4928)
-* \lor: Math symbols. (line 4933)
-* \lq: Text symbols. (line 6331)
-* \makebox: \makebox. (line 6146)
-* \makebox (for 'picture'): \makebox (picture). (line 2365)
-* \makeglossary: Glossaries. (line 6778)
-* \makeindex: Indexes. (line 6793)
-* \makelabels: \makelabels. (line 6993)
-* \maketitle: \maketitle. (line 5731)
-* \mapsto: Math symbols. (line 4936)
-* \marginpar: Marginal notes. (line 4434)
+ (line 1563)
+* \listoffigures: Tables of contents. (line 7461)
+* \listoftables: Tables of contents. (line 7461)
+* \listparindent: itemize. (line 2658)
+* \ll: Math symbols. (line 5541)
+* \ln: Math functions. (line 6145)
+* \lnot: Math symbols. (line 5545)
+* \LoadClass: Class and package commands.
+ (line 878)
+* \LoadClassWithOptions: Class and package commands.
+ (line 878)
+* \location: \location. (line 7727)
+* \log: Math functions. (line 6148)
+* \longleftarrow: Math symbols. (line 5548)
+* \longleftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 5553)
+* \longmapsto: Math symbols. (line 5557)
+* \longrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 5562)
+* \lor: Math symbols. (line 5567)
+* \lq: Text symbols. (line 7047)
+* \makebox: \makebox. (line 6844)
+* \makebox (for picture): \makebox (picture). (line 2901)
+* \makeglossary: Glossaries. (line 7521)
+* \makeindex: Indexes. (line 7536)
+* \makelabels: \makelabels. (line 7737)
+* \maketitle: \maketitle. (line 6439)
+* \mapsto: Math symbols. (line 5570)
+* \marginpar: Marginal notes. (line 5061)
* \marginparpush: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1149)
+ (line 1569)
* \marginparpush <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1152)
-* \marginparpush <2>: Marginal notes. (line 4464)
-* \marginparsep: Marginal notes. (line 4468)
+ (line 1572)
+* \marginparpush <2>: Marginal notes. (line 5091)
+* \marginparsep: Marginal notes. (line 5095)
* \marginparwidth: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1151)
+ (line 1571)
* \marginparwidth <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1152)
-* \marginparwidth <2>: Marginal notes. (line 4472)
+ (line 1572)
+* \marginparwidth <2>: Marginal notes. (line 5099)
* \marginsep: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1150)
+ (line 1570)
* \marginsep <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1152)
-* \markboth{LEFT}{RIGHT}: \pagestyle. (line 5805)
-* \markright{RIGHT}: \pagestyle. (line 5812)
-* \mathbf: Font styles. (line 760)
-* \mathcal: Font styles. (line 776)
-* \mathnormal: Font styles. (line 773)
-* \mathring: Math accents. (line 5575)
-* \mathrm: Font styles. (line 757)
-* \mathsf: Font styles. (line 763)
-* \mathtt: Font styles. (line 766)
-* \mathversion: Font styles. (line 778)
-* \max: Math functions. (line 5508)
-* \mbox: \mbox. (line 6107)
-* \mbox, and LR mode: Modes. (line 5704)
-* \mdseries: Font styles. (line 684)
+ (line 1572)
+* \markboth{LEFT}{RIGHT}: \pagestyle. (line 6513)
+* \markright{RIGHT}: \pagestyle. (line 6520)
+* \mathbf: Font styles. (line 1179)
+* \mathcal: Font styles. (line 1195)
+* \mathdollar: Math miscellany. (line 6313)
+* \mathellipsis: Math miscellany. (line 6316)
+* \mathnormal: Font styles. (line 1192)
+* \mathparagraph: Math miscellany. (line 6319)
+* \mathring: Math accents. (line 6218)
+* \mathrm: Font styles. (line 1176)
+* \mathsection: Math miscellany. (line 6322)
+* \mathsf: Font styles. (line 1182)
+* \mathsterling: Math miscellany. (line 6325)
+* \mathtt: Font styles. (line 1185)
+* \mathunderscore: Math miscellany. (line 6328)
+* \mathversion: Font styles. (line 1197)
+* \max: Math functions. (line 6151)
+* \mbox: \mbox. (line 6801)
+* \mbox, and LR mode: Modes. (line 6381)
+* \mdseries: Font styles. (line 1103)
* \medskip: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
- (line 6037)
+ (line 6726)
* \medskipamount: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
- (line 6037)
+ (line 6727)
* \medspace: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 5608)
-* \mho: Math symbols. (line 4940)
-* \mid: Math symbols. (line 4945)
-* \min: Math functions. (line 5511)
-* \models: Math symbols. (line 4955)
-* \month: \day \month \year. (line 4251)
-* \mp: Math symbols. (line 4960)
-* \mu: Math symbols. (line 4963)
-* \multicolumn: \multicolumn. (line 2894)
-* \multiput: \multiput. (line 2471)
-* \nabla: Math symbols. (line 4966)
-* \name: \name. (line 7015)
-* \natural: Math symbols. (line 4969)
-* \ne: Math symbols. (line 4972)
-* \nearrow: Math symbols. (line 4975)
-* \neg: Math symbols. (line 4978)
-* \neq: Math symbols. (line 4982)
+ (line 6251)
+* \mho: Math symbols. (line 5574)
+* \mid: Math symbols. (line 5579)
+* \min: Math functions. (line 6154)
+* \models: Math symbols. (line 5589)
+* \month: \day \month \year. (line 4861)
+* \mp: Math symbols. (line 5594)
+* \mu: Math symbols. (line 5597)
+* \multicolumn: \multicolumn. (line 3430)
+* \multiput: \multiput. (line 3007)
+* \nabla: Math symbols. (line 5600)
+* \name: \name. (line 7759)
+* \natural: Math symbols. (line 5603)
+* \ne: Math symbols. (line 5606)
+* \nearrow: Math symbols. (line 5609)
+* \NeedsTeXFormat: Class and package commands.
+ (line 909)
+* \neg: Math symbols. (line 5612)
+* \neq: Math symbols. (line 5616)
* \newcommand: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 3649)
-* \newcounter: \newcounter. (line 3749)
+ (line 4220)
+* \newcounter: \newcounter. (line 4326)
* \newenvironment: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
- (line 3800)
-* \newfont: \newfont. (line 4016)
-* \newlength: \newlength. (line 3770)
-* \newline: \newline. (line 3277)
-* \NEWLINE: \(SPACE) and \@. (line 5867)
-* \newpage: \newpage. (line 3384)
-* \newsavebox: \newsavebox. (line 3785)
-* \newtheorem: \newtheorem. (line 3904)
-* \newtie: Accents. (line 6550)
-* \ng: Non-English characters.
- (line 6600)
-* \NG: Non-English characters.
- (line 6600)
-* \ni: Math symbols. (line 4985)
-* \nocite: \nocite. (line 3097)
-* \nocorr: Font styles. (line 669)
-* \nocorrlist: Font styles. (line 669)
-* \nofiles: Tables of contents. (line 6728)
-* \noindent: \noindent. (line 4413)
+ (line 4380)
+* \newfont: \newfont. (line 4599)
+* \newlength: \newlength. (line 4350)
+* \newline: \newline. (line 3839)
+* \NEWLINE: \(SPACE) and \@. (line 6575)
+* \newpage: \newpage. (line 3953)
+* \newsavebox: \newsavebox. (line 4365)
+* \newtheorem: \newtheorem. (line 4487)
+* \newtie: Accents. (line 7269)
+* \ng: Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7324)
+* \NG: Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7324)
+* \ni: Math symbols. (line 5619)
+* \nocite: \nocite. (line 3635)
+* \nocorr: Font styles. (line 1088)
+* \nocorrlist: Font styles. (line 1088)
+* \nofiles: Tables of contents. (line 7466)
+* \noindent: \noindent. (line 5040)
* \nolinebreak: \linebreak & \nolinebreak.
- (line 3344)
-* \nonfrenchspacing: \frenchspacing. (line 5938)
-* \nonumber: eqnarray. (line 1883)
+ (line 3913)
+* \nonfrenchspacing: \frenchspacing. (line 6628)
+* \nonumber: eqnarray. (line 2411)
* \nopagebreak: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
- (line 3405)
-* \normalfont: Font styles. (line 705)
-* \normalmarginpar: Marginal notes. (line 4452)
-* \normalsize: Font sizes. (line 801)
-* \not: Math symbols. (line 4990)
-* \notin: Math symbols. (line 4998)
-* \nu: Math symbols. (line 5002)
-* \nwarrow: Math symbols. (line 5005)
-* \o (/o): Non-English characters.
- (line 6604)
-* \O (/O): Non-English characters.
- (line 6604)
+ (line 3974)
+* \normalfont: Font styles. (line 1124)
+* \normalmarginpar: Marginal notes. (line 5079)
+* \normalsize: Font sizes. (line 1220)
+* \not: Math symbols. (line 5624)
+* \notin: Math symbols. (line 5632)
+* \nu: Math symbols. (line 5636)
+* \nwarrow: Math symbols. (line 5639)
+* \o (/o): Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7328)
+* \O (/O): Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7328)
* \obeycr: \obeycr & \restorecr.
- (line 3268)
+ (line 3830)
* \oddsidemargin: Document class options.
- (line 615)
+ (line 680)
* \oddsidemargin <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1175)
+ (line 1595)
* \oddsidemargin <2>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1177)
-* \odot: Math symbols. (line 5008)
-* \oe (oe): Non-English characters.
- (line 6608)
-* \OE (OE): Non-English characters.
- (line 6608)
-* \oint: Math symbols. (line 5013)
-* \oldstylenums: Font styles. (line 782)
-* \Omega: Math symbols. (line 5017)
-* \omega: Math symbols. (line 5020)
-* \ominus: Math symbols. (line 5023)
-* \onecolumn: \onecolumn. (line 965)
-* \opening: \opening. (line 7025)
-* \oplus: Math symbols. (line 5026)
-* \oslash: Math symbols. (line 5030)
-* \otimes: Math symbols. (line 5033)
-* \oval: \oval. (line 2482)
-* \overbrace{TEXT}: Math miscellany. (line 5655)
-* \overline{TEXT}: Math miscellany. (line 5659)
-* \owns: Math symbols. (line 5038)
-* \P: Text symbols. (line 6334)
+ (line 1597)
+* \odot: Math symbols. (line 5642)
+* \oe (oe): Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7332)
+* \OE (OE): Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7332)
+* \oint: Math symbols. (line 5647)
+* \oldstylenums: Font styles. (line 1201)
+* \Omega: Math symbols. (line 5651)
+* \omega: Math symbols. (line 5654)
+* \ominus: Math symbols. (line 5657)
+* \onecolumn: \onecolumn. (line 1384)
+* \opening: \opening. (line 7769)
+* \oplus: Math symbols. (line 5660)
+* \OptionNotUsed: Class and package commands.
+ (line 927)
+* \oslash: Math symbols. (line 5664)
+* \otimes: Math symbols. (line 5667)
+* \oval: \oval. (line 3018)
+* \overbrace{MATH}: Math miscellany. (line 6331)
+* \overline{TEXT}: Math miscellany. (line 6335)
+* \owns: Math symbols. (line 5672)
+* \P: Text symbols. (line 7050)
+* \PackageError: Class and package commands.
+ (line 807)
+* \PackageInfo: Class and package commands.
+ (line 807)
+* \PackageInfoNoLine: Class and package commands.
+ (line 807)
+* \PackageWarning: Class and package commands.
+ (line 807)
+* \PackageWarningNoLine: Class and package commands.
+ (line 807)
* \pagebreak: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
- (line 3405)
-* \pagenumbering: \pagenumbering. (line 5757)
-* \pageref: \pageref. (line 1503)
-* \pagestyle: \pagestyle. (line 5782)
+ (line 3974)
+* \pagenumbering: \pagenumbering. (line 6465)
+* \pageref: \pageref. (line 1951)
+* \pagestyle: \pagestyle. (line 6490)
* \paperheight: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1188)
+ (line 1608)
* \paperheight <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1189)
+ (line 1609)
* \paperwidth: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1194)
+ (line 1614)
* \paperwidth <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1195)
-* \paragraph: Sectioning. (line 1405)
-* \parallel: Math symbols. (line 5043)
-* \parbox: \parbox. (line 6171)
-* \parindent: minipage. (line 2265)
-* \parindent <1>: \indent. (line 4402)
-* \parsep: itemize. (line 2148)
-* \parskip: \parskip. (line 4428)
-* \parskip example: itemize. (line 2164)
-* \part: Sectioning. (line 1399)
-* \partial: Math symbols. (line 5046)
-* \partopsep: itemize. (line 2158)
+ (line 1615)
+* \paragraph: Sectioning. (line 1825)
+* \parallel: Math symbols. (line 5677)
+* \parbox: \parbox. (line 6869)
+* \parindent: minipage. (line 2796)
+* \parindent <1>: \indent. (line 5029)
+* \parsep: itemize. (line 2676)
+* \parskip: \parskip. (line 5055)
+* \parskip example: itemize. (line 2692)
+* \part: Sectioning. (line 1819)
+* \partial: Math symbols. (line 5680)
+* \partopsep: itemize. (line 2686)
+* \PassOptionsToClass: Class and package commands.
+ (line 933)
+* \PassOptionsToPackage: Class and package commands.
+ (line 933)
* \pdfpageheight: Document class options.
- (line 575)
+ (line 638)
* \pdfpagewidth: Document class options.
- (line 575)
-* \perp: Math symbols. (line 5049)
-* \phi: Math symbols. (line 5054)
-* \Pi: Math symbols. (line 5058)
-* \pi: Math symbols. (line 5061)
-* \pm: Math symbols. (line 5065)
-* \pmod: Math functions. (line 5514)
-* \poptabs: tabbing. (line 2650)
-* \poptabs <1>: tabbing. (line 2651)
-* \pounds: Text symbols. (line 6338)
-* \Pr: Math functions. (line 5517)
-* \prec: Math symbols. (line 5068)
-* \preceq: Math symbols. (line 5071)
-* \prime: Math symbols. (line 5076)
-* \prod: Math symbols. (line 5087)
-* \propto: Math symbols. (line 5090)
-* \protect: \protect. (line 4051)
-* \providecommand: \providecommand. (line 3734)
-* \ps: \ps. (line 7038)
-* \Psi: Math symbols. (line 5093)
-* \psi: Math symbols. (line 5096)
-* \pushtabs: tabbing. (line 2653)
-* \put: \put. (line 2509)
+ (line 638)
+* \perp: Math symbols. (line 5683)
+* \phi: Math symbols. (line 5688)
+* \Pi: Math symbols. (line 5692)
+* \pi: Math symbols. (line 5695)
+* \pm: Math symbols. (line 5699)
+* \pmod: Math functions. (line 6157)
+* \poptabs: tabbing. (line 3186)
+* \poptabs <1>: tabbing. (line 3187)
+* \pounds: Text symbols. (line 7054)
+* \Pr: Math functions. (line 6160)
+* \prec: Math symbols. (line 5702)
+* \preceq: Math symbols. (line 5705)
+* \prime: Math symbols. (line 5710)
+* \printindex: Indexes. (line 7558)
+* \ProcessOptions: Class and package commands.
+ (line 966)
+* \ProcessOptions*: Class and package commands.
+ (line 966)
+* \prod: Math symbols. (line 5719)
+* \propto: Math symbols. (line 5722)
+* \protect: \protect. (line 4634)
+* \providecommand: \providecommand. (line 4311)
+* \ProvidesClass: Class and package commands.
+ (line 1000)
+* \ProvidesFile: Class and package commands.
+ (line 1031)
+* \ProvidesPackage: Class and package commands.
+ (line 1000)
+* \ps: \ps. (line 7782)
+* \Psi: Math symbols. (line 5725)
+* \psi: Math symbols. (line 5728)
+* \pushtabs: tabbing. (line 3189)
+* \put: \put. (line 3045)
* \qquad: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 5625)
+ (line 6268)
* \quad: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 5619)
-* \quotedblbase (,,): Text symbols. (line 6342)
-* \quotesinglbase (,): Text symbols. (line 6343)
-* \r (ring accent): Accents. (line 6544)
-* \raggedbottom: \raggedbottom. (line 1103)
-* \raggedleft: \raggedleft. (line 2065)
-* \raggedright: \raggedright. (line 2039)
-* \raisebox: \raisebox. (line 6211)
-* \rangle: Math symbols. (line 5099)
-* \rbrace: Math symbols. (line 5103)
-* \rbrack: Math symbols. (line 5107)
-* \rceil: Math symbols. (line 5111)
-* \Re: Math symbols. (line 5114)
-* \ref: \ref. (line 1513)
-* \refstepcounter: \refstepcounter. (line 4230)
+ (line 6262)
+* \quotedblbase (,,): Text symbols. (line 7058)
+* \quotesinglbase (,): Text symbols. (line 7059)
+* \r (ring accent): Accents. (line 7263)
+* \raggedbottom: \raggedbottom. (line 1524)
+* \raggedleft: \raggedleft. (line 2593)
+* \raggedright: \raggedright. (line 2567)
+* \raisebox: \raisebox. (line 6912)
+* \rangle: Math symbols. (line 5731)
+* \rbrace: Math symbols. (line 5735)
+* \rbrack: Math symbols. (line 5739)
+* \rceil: Math symbols. (line 5743)
+* \Re: Math symbols. (line 5746)
+* \ref: \ref. (line 1972)
+* \refstepcounter: \refstepcounter. (line 4840)
* \renewenvironment: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
- (line 3800)
+ (line 4380)
+* \RequirePackage: Class and package commands.
+ (line 1038)
+* \RequirePackageWithOptions: Class and package commands.
+ (line 1038)
* \restorecr: \obeycr & \restorecr.
- (line 3268)
-* \restriction: Math symbols. (line 5119)
-* \reversemarginpar: Marginal notes. (line 4452)
-* \rfloor: Math symbols. (line 5124)
-* \rhd: Math symbols. (line 5128)
-* \rho: Math symbols. (line 5135)
-* \right: Math miscellany. (line 5651)
-* \Rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 5139)
-* \rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 5143)
-* \rightharpoondown: Math symbols. (line 5148)
-* \rightharpoonup: Math symbols. (line 5151)
-* \rightleftharpoons: Math symbols. (line 5154)
-* \rightmargin: itemize. (line 2134)
-* \rm: Font styles. (line 727)
-* \rmfamily: Font styles. (line 678)
-* \roman: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 4137)
-* \Roman: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 4140)
-* \rq: Text symbols. (line 6346)
-* \rule: \rule. (line 6621)
-* \S: Text symbols. (line 6349)
-* \savebox: \savebox. (line 6227)
-* \sbox: \sbox. (line 6239)
-* \sc: Font styles. (line 730)
-* \scriptsize: Font sizes. (line 801)
-* \scshape: Font styles. (line 699)
-* \searrow: Math symbols. (line 5157)
-* \sec: Math functions. (line 5520)
-* \section: Sectioning. (line 1402)
-* \seename: Indexes. (line 6807)
+ (line 3830)
+* \restriction: Math symbols. (line 5751)
+* \revemptyset: Math symbols. (line 5756)
+* \reversemarginpar: Marginal notes. (line 5079)
+* \rfloor: Math symbols. (line 5761)
+* \rhd: Math symbols. (line 5765)
+* \rho: Math symbols. (line 5772)
+* \right: Math miscellany. (line 6309)
+* \Rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 5776)
+* \rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 5780)
+* \rightharpoondown: Math symbols. (line 5785)
+* \rightharpoonup: Math symbols. (line 5788)
+* \rightleftharpoons: Math symbols. (line 5791)
+* \rightmargin: itemize. (line 2662)
+* \rm: Font styles. (line 1146)
+* \rmfamily: Font styles. (line 1097)
+* \roman{COUNTER}: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
+ (line 4726)
+* \Roman{COUNTER}: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
+ (line 4729)
+* \rq: Text symbols. (line 7062)
+* \rule: \rule. (line 7347)
+* \S: Text symbols. (line 7065)
+* \savebox: \savebox. (line 6928)
+* \sbox: \sbox. (line 6940)
+* \sc: Font styles. (line 1149)
+* \scriptsize: Font sizes. (line 1220)
+* \scshape: Font styles. (line 1118)
+* \searrow: Math symbols. (line 5794)
+* \sec: Math functions. (line 6163)
+* \section: Sectioning. (line 1822)
+* \seename: Indexes. (line 7550)
* \selectfont: Low-level font commands.
- (line 943)
-* \setcounter: \setcounter. (line 4213)
-* \setlength: \setlength. (line 4340)
-* \setminus: Math symbols. (line 5160)
-* \settodepth: \settodepth. (line 4353)
-* \settoheight: \settoheight. (line 4361)
-* \settowidth: \settowidth. (line 4369)
-* \sf: Font styles. (line 733)
-* \sffamily: Font styles. (line 696)
-* \sharp: Math symbols. (line 5166)
-* \shortstack: \shortstack. (line 2519)
-* \Sigma: Math symbols. (line 5169)
-* \sigma: Math symbols. (line 5172)
-* \signature: \signature. (line 7055)
-* \sim: Math symbols. (line 5176)
-* \simeq: Math symbols. (line 5179)
-* \sin: Math functions. (line 5523)
-* \sinh: Math functions. (line 5526)
-* \sl: Font styles. (line 736)
-* \sloppy: \sloppy. (line 3320)
-* \slshape: Font styles. (line 693)
-* \small: Font sizes. (line 801)
-* \smallint: Math symbols. (line 5182)
+ (line 1362)
+* \setcounter: \setcounter. (line 4812)
+* \setlength: \setlength. (line 4950)
+* \setminus: Math symbols. (line 5797)
+* \settodepth: \settodepth. (line 4972)
+* \settoheight: \settoheight. (line 4982)
+* \settowidth: \settowidth. (line 4992)
+* \sf: Font styles. (line 1152)
+* \sffamily: Font styles. (line 1115)
+* \sharp: Math symbols. (line 5803)
+* \shortstack: \shortstack. (line 3055)
+* \Sigma: Math symbols. (line 5806)
+* \sigma: Math symbols. (line 5809)
+* \signature: \signature. (line 7799)
+* \sim: Math symbols. (line 5813)
+* \simeq: Math symbols. (line 5816)
+* \sin: Math functions. (line 6166)
+* \sinh: Math functions. (line 6169)
+* \sl: Font styles. (line 1155)
+* \sloppy: \sloppy. (line 3889)
+* \slshape: Font styles. (line 1112)
+* \small: Font sizes. (line 1220)
+* \smallint: Math symbols. (line 5819)
* \smallskip: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
- (line 6042)
+ (line 6731)
* \smallskipamount: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
- (line 6042)
-* \smile: Math symbols. (line 5186)
-* \spadesuit: Math symbols. (line 5189)
-* \sqcap: Math symbols. (line 5192)
-* \sqcup: Math symbols. (line 5196)
-* \sqrt[ROOT]{arg}: Math miscellany. (line 5662)
-* \sqsubset: Math symbols. (line 5200)
-* \sqsubseteq: Math symbols. (line 5205)
-* \sqsupset: Math symbols. (line 5210)
-* \sqsupseteq: Math symbols. (line 5215)
-* \ss (ss): Non-English characters.
- (line 6612)
-* \SS (SS): Non-English characters.
- (line 6612)
-* \stackrel{TEXT}{RELATION}: Math miscellany. (line 5668)
-* \star: Math symbols. (line 5219)
-* \stepcounter: \stepcounter. (line 4244)
-* \stop: Command line. (line 7136)
-* \subparagraph: Sectioning. (line 1406)
-* \subsection: Sectioning. (line 1403)
-* \subset: Math symbols. (line 5226)
-* \subseteq: Math symbols. (line 5229)
-* \subsubsection: Sectioning. (line 1404)
-* \succ: Math symbols. (line 5232)
-* \succeq: Math symbols. (line 5236)
-* \sum: Math symbols. (line 5241)
-* \sup: Math functions. (line 5529)
-* \suppressfloats: Floats. (line 1328)
-* \supset: Math symbols. (line 5245)
-* \supseteq: Math symbols. (line 5248)
-* \surd: Math symbols. (line 5251)
-* \swarrow: Math symbols. (line 5256)
-* \symbol: Reserved characters.
- (line 6286)
-* \t (tie-after accent): Accents. (line 6550)
-* \TAB: \(SPACE) and \@. (line 5867)
-* \tabbingsep: tabbing. (line 2658)
-* \tabcolsep: tabular. (line 2883)
-* \tableofcontents: Tables of contents. (line 6713)
-* \tan: Math functions. (line 5532)
-* \tanh: Math functions. (line 5535)
-* \tau: Math symbols. (line 5259)
-* \telephone: \telephone. (line 7079)
-* \TeX: Text symbols. (line 6352)
-* \textascenderwordmark: Text symbols. (line 6390)
-* \textasciicircum: Text symbols. (line 6355)
-* \textasciitilde: Text symbols. (line 6358)
-* \textasteriskcentered: Text symbols. (line 6361)
-* \textbackslash: Text symbols. (line 6364)
-* \textbar: Text symbols. (line 6367)
-* \textbardbl: Text symbols. (line 6370)
-* \textbf: Font styles. (line 687)
-* \textbigcircle: Text symbols. (line 6373)
-* \textbraceleft: Text symbols. (line 6376)
-* \textbraceright: Text symbols. (line 6379)
-* \textbullet: Text symbols. (line 6382)
-* \textcapitalwordmark: Text symbols. (line 6389)
-* \textcircled{LETTER}: Text symbols. (line 6385)
-* \textcompwordmark: Text symbols. (line 6388)
-* \textcopyright: Text symbols. (line 6303)
-* \textdagger: Text symbols. (line 6395)
-* \textdaggerdbl: Text symbols. (line 6398)
-* \textdollar (or '$'): Text symbols. (line 6401)
-* \textellipsis: Text symbols. (line 6327)
-* \textemdash (or '---'): Text symbols. (line 6404)
-* \textendash (or '--'): Text symbols. (line 6407)
-* \texteuro: Text symbols. (line 6410)
-* \textexclamdown (or '!`'): Text symbols. (line 6413)
-* \textfloatsep: Floats. (line 1364)
-* \textfloatsep <1>: Floats. (line 1365)
-* \textfraction: Floats. (line 1343)
-* \textfraction <1>: Floats. (line 1344)
-* \textgreater: Text symbols. (line 6416)
+ (line 6732)
+* \smile: Math symbols. (line 5823)
+* \spadesuit: Math symbols. (line 5826)
+* \sqcap: Math symbols. (line 5829)
+* \sqcup: Math symbols. (line 5833)
+* \sqrt[ROOT]{ARG}: Math miscellany. (line 6339)
+* \sqsubset: Math symbols. (line 5837)
+* \sqsubseteq: Math symbols. (line 5842)
+* \sqsupset: Math symbols. (line 5847)
+* \sqsupseteq: Math symbols. (line 5852)
+* \ss (ss): Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7336)
+* \SS (SS): Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7336)
+* \stackrel{TEXT}{RELATION}: Math miscellany. (line 6344)
+* \star: Math symbols. (line 5856)
+* \stepcounter: \stepcounter. (line 4854)
+* \stop: Command line. (line 7880)
+* \subparagraph: Sectioning. (line 1826)
+* \subsection: Sectioning. (line 1823)
+* \subset: Math symbols. (line 5863)
+* \subseteq: Math symbols. (line 5866)
+* \subsubsection: Sectioning. (line 1824)
+* \succ: Math symbols. (line 5869)
+* \succeq: Math symbols. (line 5873)
+* \sum: Math symbols. (line 5878)
+* \sup: Math functions. (line 6172)
+* \suppressfloats: Floats. (line 1748)
+* \supset: Math symbols. (line 5882)
+* \supseteq: Math symbols. (line 5885)
+* \surd: Math symbols. (line 5888)
+* \swarrow: Math symbols. (line 5893)
+* \symbol: Symbols by font position.
+ (line 7002)
+* \t (tie-after accent): Accents. (line 7269)
+* \TAB: \(SPACE) and \@. (line 6575)
+* \tabbingsep: tabbing. (line 3194)
+* \tabcolsep: tabular. (line 3419)
+* \tableofcontents: Tables of contents. (line 7451)
+* \tan: Math functions. (line 6175)
+* \tanh: Math functions. (line 6178)
+* \tau: Math symbols. (line 5896)
+* \telephone: \telephone. (line 7823)
+* \TeX: Text symbols. (line 7068)
+* \textascendercompwordmark: Text symbols. (line 7106)
+* \textasciicircum: Text symbols. (line 7071)
+* \textasciitilde: Text symbols. (line 7074)
+* \textasteriskcentered: Text symbols. (line 7077)
+* \textbackslash: Reserved characters.
+ (line 6982)
+* \textbackslash <1>: Text symbols. (line 7080)
+* \textbar: Text symbols. (line 7083)
+* \textbardbl: Text symbols. (line 7086)
+* \textbf: Font styles. (line 1106)
+* \textbigcircle: Text symbols. (line 7089)
+* \textbraceleft: Text symbols. (line 7092)
+* \textbraceright: Text symbols. (line 7095)
+* \textbullet: Text symbols. (line 7098)
+* \textcapitalcompwordmark: Text symbols. (line 7105)
+* \textcircled{LETTER}: Text symbols. (line 7101)
+* \textcompwordmark: Text symbols. (line 7104)
+* \textcopyright: Text symbols. (line 7019)
+* \textdagger: Text symbols. (line 7111)
+* \textdaggerdbl: Text symbols. (line 7114)
+* \textdollar (or \$): Text symbols. (line 7117)
+* \textellipsis: Text symbols. (line 7043)
+* \textemdash (or ---): Text symbols. (line 7120)
+* \textendash (or --): Text symbols. (line 7123)
+* \texteuro: Text symbols. (line 7126)
+* \textexclamdown (or !`): Text symbols. (line 7129)
+* \textfloatsep: Floats. (line 1784)
+* \textfloatsep <1>: Floats. (line 1785)
+* \textfraction: Floats. (line 1763)
+* \textfraction <1>: Floats. (line 1764)
+* \textgreater: Text symbols. (line 7132)
* \textheight: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1200)
+ (line 1620)
* \textheight <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1201)
-* \textit: Font styles. (line 681)
-* \textleftarrow: Text symbols. (line 6422)
-* \textless: Text symbols. (line 6419)
-* \textmd: Font styles. (line 684)
-* \textnormal: Font styles. (line 705)
-* \textordfeminine: Text symbols. (line 6425)
-* \textordmasculine: Text symbols. (line 6426)
-* \textparagraph: Text symbols. (line 6335)
-* \textperiodcentered: Text symbols. (line 6429)
-* \textquestiondown (or '?`'): Text symbols. (line 6432)
-* \textquotedblleft (or '``'): Text symbols. (line 6435)
-* \textquotedblright (or '''): Text symbols. (line 6438)
-* \textquoteleft (or '`'): Text symbols. (line 6441)
-* \textquoteright (or '''): Text symbols. (line 6444)
-* \textquotestraightbase: Text symbols. (line 6447)
-* \textquotestraightdblbase: Text symbols. (line 6448)
-* \textregistered: Text symbols. (line 6451)
-* \textrightarrow: Text symbols. (line 6454)
-* \textrm: Font styles. (line 678)
-* \textsc: Font styles. (line 699)
-* \textsf: Font styles. (line 696)
-* \textsl: Font styles. (line 693)
-* \textsterling: Text symbols. (line 6339)
-* \textthreequartersemdash: Text symbols. (line 6457)
-* \texttrademark: Text symbols. (line 6460)
-* \texttt: Font styles. (line 702)
-* \texttwelveudash: Text symbols. (line 6463)
-* \textunderscore: Text symbols. (line 6466)
-* \textup: Font styles. (line 690)
-* \textvisiblespace: Text symbols. (line 6469)
+ (line 1621)
+* \textit: Font styles. (line 1100)
+* \textleftarrow: Text symbols. (line 7138)
+* \textless: Text symbols. (line 7135)
+* \textmd: Font styles. (line 1103)
+* \textnormal: Font styles. (line 1124)
+* \textordfeminine: Text symbols. (line 7141)
+* \textordmasculine: Text symbols. (line 7142)
+* \textparagraph: Text symbols. (line 7051)
+* \textperiodcentered: Text symbols. (line 7145)
+* \textquestiondown (or ?`): Text symbols. (line 7148)
+* \textquotedblleft (or ``): Text symbols. (line 7151)
+* \textquotedblright (or ''): Text symbols. (line 7154)
+* \textquoteleft (or `): Text symbols. (line 7157)
+* \textquoteright (or '): Text symbols. (line 7160)
+* \textquotesingle: Text symbols. (line 7163)
+* \textquotestraightbase: Text symbols. (line 7166)
+* \textquotestraightdblbase: Text symbols. (line 7167)
+* \textregistered: Text symbols. (line 7170)
+* \textrightarrow: Text symbols. (line 7173)
+* \textrm: Font styles. (line 1097)
+* \textsc: Font styles. (line 1118)
+* \textsf: Font styles. (line 1115)
+* \textsl: Font styles. (line 1112)
+* \textsterling: Text symbols. (line 7055)
+* \textthreequartersemdash: Text symbols. (line 7176)
+* \texttrademark: Text symbols. (line 7179)
+* \texttt: Font styles. (line 1121)
+* \texttwelveudash: Text symbols. (line 7182)
+* \textunderscore: Text symbols. (line 7185)
+* \textup: Font styles. (line 1109)
+* \textvisiblespace: Text symbols. (line 7188)
* \textwidth: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1208)
+ (line 1628)
* \textwidth <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1209)
-* \th (th): Non-English characters.
- (line 6616)
-* \TH (TH): Non-English characters.
- (line 6616)
-* \thanks{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 5746)
-* \theta: Math symbols. (line 5262)
-* \thicklines: \thicklines. (line 2457)
+ (line 1629)
+* \th (th): Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7340)
+* \TH (TH): Additional Latin letters.
+ (line 7340)
+* \thanks{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 6454)
+* \theta: Math symbols. (line 5899)
+* \thicklines: \thicklines. (line 2993)
* \thickspace: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 5603)
-* \thinlines: \thinlines. (line 2464)
+ (line 6246)
+* \thinlines: \thinlines. (line 3000)
* \thinspace: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 5612)
-* \thinspace <1>: \thinspace. (line 5951)
-* \thispagestyle: \thispagestyle. (line 5818)
-* \tilde: Math accents. (line 5578)
-* \times: Math symbols. (line 5266)
-* \tiny: Font sizes. (line 801)
-* \title{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 5750)
-* \to: Math symbols. (line 5270)
-* \today: \today. (line 6640)
-* \top: Math symbols. (line 5274)
-* \topfraction: Floats. (line 1348)
-* \topfraction <1>: Floats. (line 1349)
+ (line 6255)
+* \thinspace <1>: \thinspace. (line 6641)
+* \thispagestyle: \thispagestyle. (line 6526)
+* \tilde: Math accents. (line 6221)
+* \times: Math symbols. (line 5903)
+* \tiny: Font sizes. (line 1220)
+* \title{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 6458)
+* \to: Math symbols. (line 5907)
+* \today: \today. (line 7366)
+* \top: Math symbols. (line 5911)
+* \topfraction: Floats. (line 1768)
+* \topfraction <1>: Floats. (line 1769)
* \topmargin: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1232)
-* \topsep: itemize. (line 2152)
+ (line 1652)
+* \topsep: itemize. (line 2680)
* \topskip: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1239)
+ (line 1659)
* \topskip <1>: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1240)
-* \totalheight: Predefined lengths. (line 4381)
-* \triangle: Math symbols. (line 5278)
-* \triangleleft: Math symbols. (line 5281)
-* \triangleright: Math symbols. (line 5287)
-* \tt: Font styles. (line 739)
-* \ttfamily: Font styles. (line 702)
-* \twocolumn: \twocolumn. (line 975)
-* \typein: \typein. (line 7094)
-* \typeout: \typeout. (line 7108)
-* \u (breve accent): Accents. (line 6555)
-* \unboldmath: Math formulas. (line 4507)
-* \underbar: Accents. (line 6558)
-* \underbrace{math}: Math miscellany. (line 5672)
-* \underline{text}: Math miscellany. (line 5675)
-* \unitlength: picture. (line 2286)
-* \unlhd: Math symbols. (line 5293)
-* \unrhd: Math symbols. (line 5300)
-* \Uparrow: Math symbols. (line 5307)
-* \uparrow: Math symbols. (line 5312)
-* \Updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 5316)
-* \updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 5321)
-* \upharpoonright: Math symbols. (line 5326)
-* \uplus: Math symbols. (line 5331)
-* \upshape: Font styles. (line 690)
-* \Upsilon: Math symbols. (line 5337)
-* \upsilon: Math symbols. (line 5340)
-* \usebox: \usebox. (line 6251)
-* \usecounter: \usecounter. (line 4158)
+ (line 1660)
+* \totalheight: Predefined lengths. (line 5008)
+* \triangle: Math symbols. (line 5916)
+* \triangleleft: Math symbols. (line 5919)
+* \triangleright: Math symbols. (line 5925)
+* \tt: Font styles. (line 1158)
+* \ttfamily: Font styles. (line 1121)
+* \twocolumn: \twocolumn. (line 1393)
+* \typein: \typein. (line 7838)
+* \typeout: \typeout. (line 7852)
+* \u (breve accent): Accents. (line 7274)
+* \unboldmath: Math formulas. (line 5134)
+* \underbar: Accents. (line 7277)
+* \underbrace{MATH}: Math miscellany. (line 6348)
+* \underline{TEXT}: Math miscellany. (line 6352)
+* \unitlength: picture. (line 2817)
+* \unlhd: Math symbols. (line 5931)
+* \unrhd: Math symbols. (line 5938)
+* \Uparrow: Math symbols. (line 5945)
+* \uparrow: Math symbols. (line 5949)
+* \Updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 5953)
+* \updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 5958)
+* \upharpoonright: Math symbols. (line 5963)
+* \uplus: Math symbols. (line 5968)
+* \upshape: Font styles. (line 1109)
+* \Upsilon: Math symbols. (line 5975)
+* \upsilon: Math symbols. (line 5978)
+* \usebox: \usebox. (line 6952)
+* \usecounter: \usecounter. (line 4757)
* \usefont: Low-level font commands.
- (line 951)
-* \usepackage: Document class options.
- (line 633)
-* \v (breve accent): Accents. (line 6566)
-* \value: \value. (line 4184)
-* \varepsilon: Math symbols. (line 5343)
-* \varphi: Math symbols. (line 5348)
-* \varpi: Math symbols. (line 5352)
-* \varrho: Math symbols. (line 5356)
-* \varsigma: Math symbols. (line 5360)
-* \vartheta: Math symbols. (line 5364)
-* \vdash: Math symbols. (line 5368)
-* \vdots: Math miscellany. (line 5680)
-* \vdots <1>: Math miscellany. (line 5681)
-* \vec: Math accents. (line 5581)
-* \vector: \vector. (line 2538)
-* \vee: Math symbols. (line 5372)
-* \verb: \verb. (line 3189)
-* \Vert: Math symbols. (line 5377)
-* \vert: Math symbols. (line 5393)
-* \vfill: \vfill. (line 6049)
-* \vline: \vline. (line 2974)
-* \vspace: \vspace. (line 6075)
-* \wedge: Math symbols. (line 5411)
-* \widehat: Math accents. (line 5584)
-* \widetilde: Math accents. (line 5587)
-* \width: Predefined lengths. (line 4375)
-* \wp: Math symbols. (line 5415)
-* \wr: Math symbols. (line 5418)
-* \Xi: Math symbols. (line 5421)
-* \xi: Math symbols. (line 5424)
-* \year: \day \month \year. (line 4251)
-* \zeta: Math symbols. (line 5427)
-* \[: Math formulas. (line 4494)
-* \\ (for 'center'): center. (line 1617)
-* \\ (for 'eqnarray'): eqnarray. (line 1871)
-* \\ (for 'flushright'): flushright. (line 2058)
-* \\ (for '\shortstack' objects): \shortstack. (line 2533)
-* \\ (tabbing): tabbing. (line 2603)
-* \\ for 'flushleft': flushleft. (line 2032)
-* \\ for letters: Letters. (line 6877)
-* \\ for 'tabular': tabular. (line 2746)
-* \\ for 'verse': verse. (line 3217)
-* \\ for '\author': \maketitle. (line 5737)
-* \\ for '\title': \maketitle. (line 5751)
-* \\ force line break: \\. (line 3236)
-* \\* (for 'eqnarray'): eqnarray. (line 1879)
-* \]: Math formulas. (line 4494)
+ (line 1370)
+* \usepackage: Additional packages.
+ (line 701)
+* \v (breve accent): Accents. (line 7285)
+* \value: \value. (line 4783)
+* \vanothing: Math symbols. (line 5986)
+* \varepsilon: Math symbols. (line 5981)
+* \varphi: Math symbols. (line 5991)
+* \varpi: Math symbols. (line 5995)
+* \varrho: Math symbols. (line 5999)
+* \varsigma: Math symbols. (line 6003)
+* \vartheta: Math symbols. (line 6007)
+* \vdash: Math symbols. (line 6011)
+* \vdots: Math miscellany. (line 6357)
+* \vec: Math accents. (line 6224)
+* \vector: \vector. (line 3074)
+* \vee: Math symbols. (line 6015)
+* \verb: \verb. (line 3751)
+* \Vert: Math symbols. (line 6020)
+* \vert: Math symbols. (line 6036)
+* \vfill: \vfill. (line 6739)
+* \vline: \vline. (line 3511)
+* \vspace: \vspace. (line 6765)
+* \wedge: Math symbols. (line 6054)
+* \widehat: Math accents. (line 6227)
+* \widetilde: Math accents. (line 6230)
+* \width: Predefined lengths. (line 5002)
+* \wp: Math symbols. (line 6058)
+* \wr: Math symbols. (line 6061)
+* \Xi: Math symbols. (line 6064)
+* \xi: Math symbols. (line 6067)
+* \year: \day \month \year. (line 4861)
+* \zeta: Math symbols. (line 6070)
+* \[: Math formulas. (line 5121)
+* \\ (for center): center. (line 2131)
+* \\ (for eqnarray): eqnarray. (line 2399)
+* \\ (for flushright): flushright. (line 2586)
+* \\ (for \shortstack objects): \shortstack. (line 3069)
+* \\ (tabbing): tabbing. (line 3139)
+* \\ for flushleft: flushleft. (line 2560)
+* \\ for letters: Letters. (line 7620)
+* \\ for tabular: tabular. (line 3282)
+* \\ for verse: verse. (line 3779)
+* \\ for \author: \maketitle. (line 6445)
+* \\ for \title: \maketitle. (line 6459)
+* \\ force line break: \\. (line 3798)
+* \\* (for eqnarray): eqnarray. (line 2407)
+* \]: Math formulas. (line 5121)
* \^: Reserved characters.
- (line 6282)
-* \^ (circumflex accent): Accents. (line 6502)
+ (line 6982)
+* \^ (circumflex accent): Accents. (line 7221)
* \_: Reserved characters.
- (line 6272)
-* \` (grave accent): Accents. (line 6506)
-* \` (tabbing): tabbing. (line 2630)
+ (line 6975)
+* \` (grave accent): Accents. (line 7225)
+* \` (tabbing): tabbing. (line 3166)
* \{: Reserved characters.
- (line 6272)
-* \|: Math symbols. (line 4564)
+ (line 6975)
+* \|: Math symbols. (line 5194)
* \}: Reserved characters.
- (line 6272)
+ (line 6975)
* \~: Reserved characters.
- (line 6282)
-* \~ (tilde accent): Accents. (line 6512)
+ (line 6982)
+* \~ (tilde accent): Accents. (line 7231)
* ^: Subscripts & superscripts.
- (line 4521)
+ (line 5148)
* _: Subscripts & superscripts.
- (line 4521)
+ (line 5148)
* {...} for required arguments: LaTeX command syntax.
- (line 444)
+ (line 452)
* a4paper option: Document class options.
- (line 557)
+ (line 617)
* a5paper option: Document class options.
- (line 557)
-* abstract environment: abstract. (line 1535)
-* array environment: array. (line 1547)
-* article class: Document classes. (line 515)
+ (line 617)
+* abstract environment: abstract. (line 2011)
+* array environment: array. (line 2057)
+* article class: Document classes. (line 575)
* b5paper option: Document class options.
- (line 557)
-* book class: Document classes. (line 515)
-* bottomnumber: Floats. (line 1371)
-* bottomnumber <1>: Floats. (line 1372)
-* bp: Units of length. (line 4304)
-* cc: Units of length. (line 4317)
-* center environment: center. (line 1605)
-* clock option to 'slides' class: Document class options.
- (line 630)
-* cm: Units of length. (line 4308)
-* dbltopnumber: Floats. (line 1375)
-* dbltopnumber <1>: Floats. (line 1376)
-* dd: Units of length. (line 4314)
-* description environment: description. (line 1671)
-* displaymath environment: displaymath. (line 1711)
-* displaymath environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 4484)
-* document environment: document. (line 1754)
+ (line 617)
+* book class: Document classes. (line 575)
+* bottomnumber: Floats. (line 1791)
+* bottomnumber <1>: Floats. (line 1792)
+* bp: Units of length. (line 4914)
+* cc: Units of length. (line 4927)
+* center environment: center. (line 2123)
+* clock option to slides class: Document class options.
+ (line 695)
+* cm: Units of length. (line 4918)
+* dbltopnumber: Floats. (line 1795)
+* dbltopnumber <1>: Floats. (line 1796)
+* dd: Units of length. (line 4924)
+* description environment: description. (line 2198)
+* displaymath environment: displaymath. (line 2239)
+* displaymath environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 5111)
+* document environment: document. (line 2282)
* draft option: Document class options.
- (line 582)
-* dvipdfmx command: Output files. (line 351)
-* dvips command: Output files. (line 351)
-* dvitype command: Output files. (line 351)
-* em: Units of length. (line 4322)
-* enumerate environment: enumerate. (line 1786)
-* eqnarray environment: eqnarray. (line 1848)
-* equation environment: equation. (line 1904)
-* equation environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 4484)
-* etex command: TeX engines. (line 399)
-* ex: Units of length. (line 4322)
+ (line 645)
+* dvipdfmx command: Output files. (line 359)
+* dvips command: Output files. (line 359)
+* dvitype command: Output files. (line 359)
+* em: Units of length. (line 4932)
+* enumerate environment: enumerate. (line 2314)
+* environment, abstract: abstract. (line 2011)
+* environment, array: array. (line 2057)
+* environment, center: center. (line 2123)
+* environment, description: description. (line 2198)
+* environment, displaymath: displaymath. (line 2239)
+* environment, displaymath <1>: Math formulas. (line 5111)
+* environment, document: document. (line 2282)
+* environment, enumerate: enumerate. (line 2314)
+* environment, eqnarray: eqnarray. (line 2376)
+* environment, equation: equation. (line 2432)
+* environment, equation <1>: Math formulas. (line 5111)
+* environment, figure: figure. (line 2450)
+* environment, filecontents: filecontents. (line 2503)
+* environment, filecontents*: filecontents. (line 2503)
+* environment, flushleft: flushleft. (line 2554)
+* environment, flushright: flushright. (line 2580)
+* environment, itemize: itemize. (line 2606)
+* environment, letter: letter. (line 2708)
+* environment, list: list. (line 2713)
+* environment, math: math. (line 2773)
+* environment, math <1>: Math formulas. (line 5111)
+* environment, minipage: minipage. (line 2785)
+* environment, picture: picture. (line 2813)
+* environment, quotation: quotation and quote.
+ (line 3085)
+* environment, quote: quotation and quote.
+ (line 3085)
+* environment, tabbing: tabbing. (line 3121)
+* environment, table: table. (line 3212)
+* environment, tabular: tabular. (line 3254)
+* environment, thebibliography: thebibliography. (line 3576)
+* environment, theorem: theorem. (line 3682)
+* environment, titlepage: titlepage. (line 3695)
+* environment, verbatim: verbatim. (line 3734)
+* environment, verse: verse. (line 3768)
+* eqnarray environment: eqnarray. (line 2376)
+* equation environment: equation. (line 2432)
+* equation environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 5111)
+* etex command: TeX engines. (line 407)
+* ex: Units of length. (line 4932)
* executivepaper option: Document class options.
- (line 557)
-* figure: figure. (line 1922)
-* filecontents: filecontents. (line 1975)
+ (line 617)
+* figure environment: figure. (line 2450)
+* filecontents environment: filecontents. (line 2503)
+* filecontents* environment: filecontents. (line 2503)
* final option: Document class options.
- (line 582)
+ (line 645)
* first-latex-doc document: About this document.
- (line 277)
+ (line 285)
* fleqn option: Document class options.
- (line 582)
-* flushleft environment: flushleft. (line 2026)
-* flushright environment: flushright. (line 2052)
+ (line 645)
+* flushleft environment: flushleft. (line 2554)
+* flushright environment: flushright. (line 2580)
* <http://home.gna.org/latexrefman> home page: About this document.
- (line 250)
-* in: Units of length. (line 4301)
-* inch: Units of length. (line 4301)
-* indexspace: Indexes. (line 6819)
-* itemize environment: itemize. (line 2078)
+ (line 258)
+* in: Units of length. (line 4911)
+* inch: Units of length. (line 4911)
+* itemize environment: itemize. (line 2606)
* landscape option: Document class options.
- (line 582)
-* latex command: Output files. (line 351)
+ (line 645)
+* latex command: Output files. (line 359)
* latex-doc-ptr document: About this document.
- (line 274)
+ (line 282)
* <latexrefman-discuss@gna.org> email address: About this document.
- (line 261)
+ (line 269)
* legalpaper option: Document class options.
- (line 557)
+ (line 617)
* leqno option: Document class options.
- (line 582)
-* letter class: Document classes. (line 515)
-* letter environment: letter. (line 2180)
+ (line 645)
+* letter class: Document classes. (line 575)
+* letter environment: letter. (line 2708)
* letterpaper option: Document class options.
- (line 557)
-* list: list. (line 2185)
-* lR box: picture. (line 2342)
-* lrbox: lrbox. (line 6136)
+ (line 617)
+* list environment: list. (line 2713)
+* lR box: picture. (line 2878)
+* lrbox: lrbox. (line 6830)
* lshort document: About this document.
- (line 284)
-* lualatex command: TeX engines. (line 416)
-* math environment: math. (line 2242)
-* math environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 4484)
-* minipage environment: minipage. (line 2254)
-* mm: Units of length. (line 4311)
-* mu: Units of length. (line 4333)
+ (line 292)
+* lualatex command: TeX engines. (line 424)
+* math environment: math. (line 2773)
+* math environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 5111)
+* minipage environment: minipage. (line 2785)
+* mm: Units of length. (line 4921)
+* mu: Units of length. (line 4943)
* notitlepage option: Document class options.
- (line 582)
+ (line 645)
* onecolumn option: Document class options.
- (line 609)
+ (line 674)
* oneside option: Document class options.
- (line 609)
+ (line 674)
* openany option: Document class options.
- (line 609)
+ (line 674)
* openbib option: Document class options.
- (line 582)
+ (line 645)
* openright option: Document class options.
- (line 609)
-* pc: Units of length. (line 4298)
-* pdflatex command: Output files. (line 361)
-* picture: picture. (line 2282)
-* printindex: Indexes. (line 6815)
-* pt: Units of length. (line 4294)
-* quotation: quotation and quote.
- (line 2549)
-* quote: quotation and quote.
- (line 2549)
-* report class: Document classes. (line 515)
-* secnumdepth counter: Sectioning. (line 1438)
-* slides class: Document classes. (line 515)
-* sp: Units of length. (line 4320)
-* tabbing environment: tabbing. (line 2585)
-* table: table. (line 2676)
-* tabular environment: tabular. (line 2718)
-* textcomp package: Text symbols. (line 6298)
-* thebibliography environment: thebibliography. (line 3040)
-* theorem environment: theorem. (line 3142)
-* titlepage environment: titlepage. (line 3155)
+ (line 674)
+* pc: Units of length. (line 4908)
+* pdflatex command: Output files. (line 369)
+* picture environment: picture. (line 2813)
+* pt: Units of length. (line 4904)
+* quotation environment: quotation and quote.
+ (line 3085)
+* quote environment: quotation and quote.
+ (line 3085)
+* report class: Document classes. (line 575)
+* secnumdepth counter: Sectioning. (line 1858)
+* slides class: Document classes. (line 575)
+* sp: Units of length. (line 4930)
+* tabbing environment: tabbing. (line 3121)
+* table environment: table. (line 3212)
+* tabular environment: tabular. (line 3254)
+* textcomp package: Text symbols. (line 7014)
+* thebibliography environment: thebibliography. (line 3576)
+* theorem environment: theorem. (line 3682)
+* titlepage environment: titlepage. (line 3695)
* titlepage option: Document class options.
- (line 582)
+ (line 645)
* topmargin: Page layout parameters.
- (line 1233)
-* topnumber: Floats. (line 1379)
-* topnumber <1>: Floats. (line 1380)
-* totalnumber: Floats. (line 1383)
-* totalnumber <1>: Floats. (line 1384)
+ (line 1653)
+* topnumber: Floats. (line 1799)
+* topnumber <1>: Floats. (line 1800)
+* totalnumber: Floats. (line 1803)
+* totalnumber <1>: Floats. (line 1804)
* twocolumn option: Document class options.
- (line 609)
+ (line 674)
* twoside option: Document class options.
- (line 609)
+ (line 674)
* usrguide official documentation: About this document.
- (line 280)
-* verbatim environment: verbatim. (line 3172)
-* verse environment: verse. (line 3206)
-* xdvi command: Output files. (line 351)
-* xdvipdfmx: TeX engines. (line 425)
-* xelatex command: TeX engines. (line 425)
+ (line 288)
+* verbatim environment: verbatim. (line 3734)
+* verse environment: verse. (line 3768)
+* xdvi command: Output files. (line 359)
+* xdvipdfmx: TeX engines. (line 433)
+* xelatex command: TeX engines. (line 433)