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-LaTeX2e
+LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual
1 About this document
2 Overview of LaTeX
-3 Starting & ending
-4 Document classes
-5 Fonts
-6 Layout
-7 Sectioning
-8 Cross references
-9 Environments
-10 Line breaking
-11 Page breaking
-12 Footnotes
-13 Definitions
-14 Counters
-15 Lengths
-16 Making paragraphs
-17 Math formulas
-18 Modes
-19 Page styles
-20 Spaces
-21 Boxes
-22 Special insertions
-23 Splitting the input
-24 Front/back matter
-25 Letters
-26 Terminal input/output
-27 Command line
+3 Document classes
+4 Fonts
+5 Layout
+6 Sectioning
+7 Cross references
+8 Environments
+9 Line breaking
+10 Page breaking
+11 Footnotes
+12 Definitions
+13 Counters
+14 Lengths
+15 Making paragraphs
+16 Math formulas
+17 Modes
+18 Page styles
+19 Spaces
+20 Boxes
+21 Special insertions
+22 Splitting the input
+23 Front/back matter
+24 Letters
+25 Terminal input/output
+26 Command line
Appendix A Document templates
Concept Index
Command Index
-LaTeX2e
+LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual
1 About this document
2 Overview of LaTeX
-3 Starting & ending
-4 Document classes
- 4.1 Document class options
-5 Fonts
- 5.1 Font styles
- 5.2 Font sizes
- 5.3 Low-level font commands
-6 Layout
- 6.1 '\onecolumn'
- 6.2 '\twocolumn'
- 6.3 '\flushbottom'
- 6.4 '\raggedbottom'
- 6.5 Page layout parameters
-7 Sectioning
-8 Cross references
- 8.1 '\label'
- 8.2 '\pageref{KEY}'
- 8.3 '\ref{KEY}'
-9 Environments
- 9.1 'abstract'
- 9.2 'array'
- 9.3 'center'
- 9.3.1 '\centering'
- 9.4 'description'
- 9.5 'displaymath'
- 9.6 'document'
- 9.7 'enumerate'
- 9.8 'eqnarray'
- 9.9 'equation'
- 9.10 'figure'
- 9.11 'filecontents': Create external files
- 9.12 'flushleft'
- 9.12.1 '\raggedright'
- 9.13 'flushright'
- 9.13.1 '\raggedleft'
- 9.14 'itemize'
- 9.15 'letter' environment: writing letters
- 9.16 'list'
- 9.17 'math'
- 9.18 'minipage'
- 9.19 'picture'
- 9.19.1 '\circle'
- 9.19.2 '\makebox'
- 9.19.3 '\framebox'
- 9.19.4 '\dashbox'
- 9.19.5 '\frame'
- 9.19.6 '\line'
- 9.19.7 '\linethickness'
- 9.19.8 '\thicklines'
- 9.19.9 '\thinlines'
- 9.19.10 '\multiput'
- 9.19.11 '\oval'
- 9.19.12 '\put'
- 9.19.13 '\shortstack'
- 9.19.14 '\vector'
- 9.20 'quotation'
- 9.21 'quote'
- 9.22 'tabbing'
- 9.23 'table'
- 9.24 'tabular'
- 9.24.1 '\multicolumn'
- 9.24.2 '\cline'
- 9.24.3 '\hline'
- 9.24.4 '\vline'
- 9.25 'thebibliography'
- 9.25.1 '\bibitem'
- 9.25.2 '\cite'
- 9.25.3 '\nocite'
- 9.25.4 Using BibTeX
- 9.26 'theorem'
- 9.27 'titlepage'
- 9.28 'verbatim'
- 9.28.1 '\verb'
- 9.29 'verse'
-10 Line breaking
- 10.1 '\\'[*][MORESPACE]
- 10.2 '\obeycr' & '\restorecr'
- 10.3 '\newline'
- 10.4 '\-' (discretionary hyphen)
- 10.5 '\fussy'
- 10.6 '\sloppy'
- 10.7 '\hyphenation'
- 10.8 '\linebreak' & '\nolinebreak'
-11 Page breaking
- 11.1 '\cleardoublepage'
- 11.2 '\clearpage'
- 11.3 '\newpage'
- 11.4 '\enlargethispage'
- 11.5 '\pagebreak' & '\nopagebreak'
-12 Footnotes
- 12.1 '\footnote'
- 12.2 '\footnotemark'
- 12.3 '\footnotetext'
- 12.4 Symbolic footnotes
- 12.5 Footnote parameters
-13 Definitions
- 13.1 '\newcommand' & '\renewcommand'
- 13.2 '\newcounter'
- 13.3 '\newlength'
- 13.4 '\newsavebox'
- 13.5 '\newenvironment' & '\renewenvironment'
- 13.6 '\newtheorem'
- 13.7 '\newfont'
- 13.8 '\protect'
-14 Counters
- 14.1 '\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol': Printing counters
- 14.2 '\usecounter{COUNTER}'
- 14.3 '\value{COUNTER}'
- 14.4 '\setcounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}'
- 14.5 '\addtocounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}'
- 14.6 '\refstepcounter{COUNTER}'
- 14.7 '\stepcounter{COUNTER}'
- 14.8 '\day \month \year': Predefined counters
-15 Lengths
- 15.1 '\setlength{\LEN}{VALUE}'
- 15.2 \addtolength{\LEN}{AMOUNT}
- 15.3 '\settodepth'
- 15.4 '\settoheight'
- 15.5 '\settowidth{\LEN}{TEXT}'
- 15.6 Predefined lengths
-16 Making paragraphs
- 16.1 '\indent'
- 16.2 '\noindent'
- 16.3 '\parskip'
- 16.4 Marginal notes
-17 Math formulas
- 17.1 Subscripts & superscripts
- 17.2 Math symbols
- 17.3 Math functions
- 17.4 Math accents
- 17.5 Spacing in math mode
- 17.6 Math miscellany
-18 Modes
-19 Page styles
- 19.1 '\maketitle'
- 19.2 '\pagenumbering'
- 19.3 '\pagestyle'
- 19.4 '\thispagestyle{STYLE}'
-20 Spaces
- 20.1 '\hspace'
- 20.2 '\hfill'
- 20.3 '\SPACE'
- 20.4 '\@'
- 20.5 '\thinspace'
- 20.6 '\/'
- 20.7 '\hrulefill'
- 20.8 '\dotfill'
- 20.9 '\addvspace'
- 20.10 '\bigskip \medskip \smallskip'
- 20.11 '\vfill'
- 20.12 '\vspace[*]{LENGTH}'
-21 Boxes
- 21.1 '\mbox{TEXT}'
- 21.2 '\fbox' and '\framebox'
- 21.3 'lrbox'
- 21.4 '\makebox'
- 21.5 '\parbox'
- 21.6 '\raisebox'
- 21.7 '\savebox'
- 21.8 '\sbox{\BOXCMD}{TEXT}'
- 21.9 '\usebox{\BOXCMD'
-22 Special insertions
- 22.1 Reserved characters
- 22.2 Text symbols
- 22.3 Accents
- 22.4 Non-English characters
- 22.5 '\rule'
- 22.6 '\today'
-23 Splitting the input
- 23.1 '\include'
- 23.2 \'includeonly'
- 23.3 \input
-24 Front/back matter
- 24.1 Tables of contents
- 24.1.1 \addcontentsline
- 24.1.2 \addtocontents
- 24.2 Glossaries
- 24.3 Indexes
-25 Letters
- 25.1 \address{RETURN-ADDRESS}
- 25.2 '\cc'
- 25.3 '\closing'
- 25.4 '\encl'
- 25.5 '\location'
- 25.6 '\makelabels'
- 25.7 '\name'
- 25.8 '\opening{TEXT}'
- 25.9 '\ps'
- 25.10 '\signature{TEXT}'
- 25.11 '\startbreaks'
- 25.12 '\stopbreaks'
- 25.13 '\telephone'
-26 Terminal input/output
- 26.1 '\typein[CMD]{MSG}'
- 26.2 '\typeout{MSG}'
-27 Command line
+ 2.1 Starting and ending
+ 2.2 Output files
+ 2.3 TeX engines
+ 2.4 LaTeX command syntax
+3 Document classes
+ 3.1 Document class options
+4 Fonts
+ 4.1 Font styles
+ 4.2 Font sizes
+ 4.3 Low-level font commands
+5 Layout
+ 5.1 '\onecolumn'
+ 5.2 '\twocolumn'
+ 5.3 '\flushbottom'
+ 5.4 '\raggedbottom'
+ 5.5 Page layout parameters
+6 Sectioning
+7 Cross references
+ 7.1 '\label'
+ 7.2 '\pageref{KEY}'
+ 7.3 '\ref{KEY}'
+8 Environments
+ 8.1 'abstract'
+ 8.2 'array'
+ 8.3 'center'
+ 8.3.1 '\centering'
+ 8.4 'description'
+ 8.5 'displaymath'
+ 8.6 'document'
+ 8.7 'enumerate'
+ 8.8 'eqnarray'
+ 8.9 'equation'
+ 8.10 'figure'
+ 8.11 'filecontents': Create external files
+ 8.12 'flushleft'
+ 8.12.1 '\raggedright'
+ 8.13 'flushright'
+ 8.13.1 '\raggedleft'
+ 8.14 'itemize'
+ 8.15 'letter' environment: writing letters
+ 8.16 'list'
+ 8.17 'math'
+ 8.18 'minipage'
+ 8.19 'picture'
+ 8.19.1 '\circle'
+ 8.19.2 '\makebox'
+ 8.19.3 '\framebox'
+ 8.19.4 '\dashbox'
+ 8.19.5 '\frame'
+ 8.19.6 '\line'
+ 8.19.7 '\linethickness'
+ 8.19.8 '\thicklines'
+ 8.19.9 '\thinlines'
+ 8.19.10 '\multiput'
+ 8.19.11 '\oval'
+ 8.19.12 '\put'
+ 8.19.13 '\shortstack'
+ 8.19.14 '\vector'
+ 8.20 'quotation'
+ 8.21 'quote'
+ 8.22 'tabbing'
+ 8.23 'table'
+ 8.24 'tabular'
+ 8.24.1 '\multicolumn'
+ 8.24.2 '\cline'
+ 8.24.3 '\hline'
+ 8.24.4 '\vline'
+ 8.25 'thebibliography'
+ 8.25.1 '\bibitem'
+ 8.25.2 '\cite'
+ 8.25.3 '\nocite'
+ 8.25.4 Using BibTeX
+ 8.26 'theorem'
+ 8.27 'titlepage'
+ 8.28 'verbatim'
+ 8.28.1 '\verb'
+ 8.29 'verse'
+9 Line breaking
+ 9.1 '\\'[*][MORESPACE]
+ 9.2 '\obeycr' & '\restorecr'
+ 9.3 '\newline'
+ 9.4 '\-' (discretionary hyphen)
+ 9.5 '\fussy'
+ 9.6 '\sloppy'
+ 9.7 '\hyphenation'
+ 9.8 '\linebreak' & '\nolinebreak'
+10 Page breaking
+ 10.1 '\cleardoublepage'
+ 10.2 '\clearpage'
+ 10.3 '\newpage'
+ 10.4 '\enlargethispage'
+ 10.5 '\pagebreak' & '\nopagebreak'
+11 Footnotes
+ 11.1 '\footnote'
+ 11.2 '\footnotemark'
+ 11.3 '\footnotetext'
+ 11.4 Symbolic footnotes
+ 11.5 Footnote parameters
+12 Definitions
+ 12.1 '\newcommand' & '\renewcommand'
+ 12.2 '\newcounter'
+ 12.3 '\newlength'
+ 12.4 '\newsavebox'
+ 12.5 '\newenvironment' & '\renewenvironment'
+ 12.6 '\newtheorem'
+ 12.7 '\newfont'
+ 12.8 '\protect'
+13 Counters
+ 13.1 '\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol': Printing counters
+ 13.2 '\usecounter{COUNTER}'
+ 13.3 '\value{COUNTER}'
+ 13.4 '\setcounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}'
+ 13.5 '\addtocounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}'
+ 13.6 '\refstepcounter{COUNTER}'
+ 13.7 '\stepcounter{COUNTER}'
+ 13.8 '\day \month \year': Predefined counters
+14 Lengths
+ 14.1 '\setlength{\LEN}{VALUE}'
+ 14.2 \addtolength{\LEN}{AMOUNT}
+ 14.3 '\settodepth'
+ 14.4 '\settoheight'
+ 14.5 '\settowidth{\LEN}{TEXT}'
+ 14.6 Predefined lengths
+15 Making paragraphs
+ 15.1 '\indent'
+ 15.2 '\noindent'
+ 15.3 '\parskip'
+ 15.4 Marginal notes
+16 Math formulas
+ 16.1 Subscripts & superscripts
+ 16.2 Math symbols
+ 16.3 Math functions
+ 16.4 Math accents
+ 16.5 Spacing in math mode
+ 16.6 Math miscellany
+17 Modes
+18 Page styles
+ 18.1 '\maketitle'
+ 18.2 '\pagenumbering'
+ 18.3 '\pagestyle'
+ 18.4 '\thispagestyle{STYLE}'
+19 Spaces
+ 19.1 '\hspace'
+ 19.2 '\hfill'
+ 19.3 '\SPACE': Normal interword space
+ 19.4 '\@': Force sentence-ending punctuation
+ 19.5 '\thinspace': Insert 1/6em
+ 19.6 '\/': Insert italic correction
+ 19.7 '\hrulefill'
+ 19.8 '\dotfill'
+ 19.9 '\addvspace'
+ 19.10 '\bigskip \medskip \smallskip'
+ 19.11 '\vfill'
+ 19.12 '\vspace[*]{LENGTH}'
+20 Boxes
+ 20.1 '\mbox{TEXT}'
+ 20.2 '\fbox' and '\framebox'
+ 20.3 'lrbox'
+ 20.4 '\makebox'
+ 20.5 '\parbox'
+ 20.6 '\raisebox'
+ 20.7 '\savebox'
+ 20.8 '\sbox{\BOXCMD}{TEXT}'
+ 20.9 '\usebox{\BOXCMD}'
+21 Special insertions
+ 21.1 Reserved characters
+ 21.2 Text symbols
+ 21.3 Accents
+ 21.4 Non-English characters
+ 21.5 '\rule'
+ 21.6 '\today'
+22 Splitting the input
+ 22.1 '\include'
+ 22.2 \'includeonly'
+ 22.3 \input
+23 Front/back matter
+ 23.1 Tables of contents
+ 23.1.1 \addcontentsline
+ 23.1.2 \addtocontents
+ 23.2 Glossaries
+ 23.3 Indexes
+24 Letters
+ 24.1 \address{RETURN-ADDRESS}
+ 24.2 '\cc'
+ 24.3 '\closing'
+ 24.4 '\encl'
+ 24.5 '\location'
+ 24.6 '\makelabels'
+ 24.7 '\name'
+ 24.8 '\opening{TEXT}'
+ 24.9 '\ps'
+ 24.10 '\signature{TEXT}'
+ 24.11 '\startbreaks'
+ 24.12 '\stopbreaks'
+ 24.13 '\telephone'
+25 Terminal input/output
+ 25.1 '\typein[CMD]{MSG}'
+ 25.2 '\typeout{MSG}'
+26 Command line
Appendix A Document templates
- A.1 'book' template
- A.2 'beamer' template
+ A.1 'beamer' template
+ A.2 'book' template
A.3 'tugboat' template
Concept Index
Command Index
-LaTeX2e
-*******
+LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual
+***************************************
-This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a document
-preparation system, version as of May 2014. It is intended to cover
-LaTeX2e, which has been the standard version of LaTeX for many years.
+This document is an unofficial reference manual (version of May 2015)
+for LaTeX2e, a document preparation system.
1 About this document
*********************
-The LaTeX document preparation system is implemented as a macro package
-for Donald E. Knuth's TeX typesetting program. LaTeX was originally
-created by Leslie Lamport; it is now maintained by a group of volunteers
-(<http://latex-project.org>). The official documentation written by the
-LaTeX project is available from their web site.
+This is an unofficial reference manual for the LaTeX2e document
+preparation system, which is a macro package for the TeX typesetting
+program (*note Overview::). This document's home page is
+<http://home.gna.org/latexrefman>. That page has links to the current
+output in various formats, sources, mailing list archives and
+subscriptions, and other infrastructure.
- The present document is completely unofficial and has not been
-reviewed by the LaTeX maintainers. Do not send bug reports or anything
-else about this document to them. Instead, please send all comments to
-<latexrefman-discuss@gna.org>.
+ In this document, we will mostly just use 'LaTeX' rather than
+'LaTeX2e', since the previous version of LaTeX (2.09) was retired many
+years ago.
- The home page for this document is <http://home.gna.org/latexrefman>.
-That page has links to the current output in various formats, sources,
-mailing lists, and other infrastructure.
+ LaTeX is currently maintained by a group of volunteers
+(<http://latex-project.org>). The official documentation written by the
+LaTeX project is available from their web site. This document is
+completely unofficial and has not been reviewed by the LaTeX
+maintainers. Do not send bug reports or anything else about this
+document to them. Instead, please send all comments to
+<latexrefman-discuss@gna.org>.
- Of course, there are many, many other sources of information about
-LaTeX. Here are a few:
+ This document is a reference. There is a vast array of other sources
+of information about LaTeX, at all levels. Here are a few
+introductions.
-<http://www.ctan.org/pkg/latex-doc-ptr>
+<http://ctan.org/pkg/latex-doc-ptr>
Two pages of recommended references to LaTeX documentation.
-<http://www.ctan.org/pkg/first-latex-doc>
+<http://ctan.org/pkg/first-latex-doc>
Writing your first document, with a bit of both text and math.
-<http://www.ctan.org/pkg/usrguide>
- The guide for document authors maintained as part of LaTeX; there
- are several others.
+<http://ctan.org/pkg/usrguide>
+ The guide for document authors that is maintained as part of LaTeX;
+ there are plenty of others available elsewhere.
+
+<http://ctan.org/pkg/lshort>
+ A short introduction to LaTeX, translated to many languages.
<http://tug.org/begin.html>
- Introduction to the TeX system, including LaTeX.
+ Introduction to the TeX system, including LaTeX, with further
+ references.
2 Overview of LaTeX
*******************
-What is LaTeX?
+LaTeX is a system for typesetting documents. It was originally created
+by Leslie Lamport and is now maintained by a group of volunteers
+(<http://latex-project.org>). It is widely used, particularly for
+complex and technical documents, such as those involving mathematics.
+
+ A LaTeX user writes an input file containing text along with
+interspersed commands, for instance commands describing how the text
+should be formatted. It is implemented as a set of related commands
+that interface with Donald E. Knuth's TeX typesetting program (the
+technical term is that LaTeX is a "macro package" for the TeX engine).
+The user produces the output document by giving that file to the TeX
+engine.
+
+ The term LaTeX is also sometimes used to mean the language in which
+the document is marked up, that is, to mean the set of commands
+available to a LaTeX user.
+
+ The name LaTeX is short for "Lamport TeX". It is pronounced LAH-teck
+or LAY-teck, or sometimes LAY-tecks. Inside a document, produce the
+logo with '\LaTeX'. Where use of the logo is not sensible, such as in
+plain text, write it as 'LaTeX'.
+
+2.1 Starting and ending
+=======================
- LaTeX typesets a file of text using the TeX program and the LaTeX
-"macro package" for TeX. That is, it processes an input file containing
-the text of a document with interspersed commands that describe how the
-text should be formatted. LaTeX files are plain text that can be
-written in any reasonable editor. It produces at least three files as
-output:
+LaTeX files have a simple global structure, with a standard starting and
+ending. Here is a "hello, world" example:
- 1. The main output file, which is one of:
+ \documentclass{article}
+ \begin{document}
+ Hello, \LaTeX\ world.
+ \end{document}
- '.dvi'
- If invoked as 'latex', a "Device Independent" ('.dvi') file is
- produced. This contains commands that can be translated into
- commands for virtually any output device. You can view such
- '.dvi' output of LaTeX by using a program such as 'xdvi'
- (display directly), 'dvips' (convert to PostScript), or
- 'dvipdfmx' (convert to PDF).
+Here, the 'article' is the so-called "document class", implemented in a
+file 'article.cls'. Any document class can be used. A few document
+classes are defined by LaTeX itself, and vast array of others are widely
+available. *Note Document classes::.
- '.pdf'
- If invoked as 'pdflatex', a "Portable Document Format"
- ('.pdf') file. Typically, this is a self-contained file, with
- all fonts and images embedded. This can be very useful, but
- it does make the output much larger than the '.dvi' produced
- from the same document.
+ You can include other LaTeX commands between the '\documentclass' and
+the '\begin{document}' commands. This area is called the "preamble".
- If invoked as 'lualatex', a '.pdf' file is created using the
- LuaTeX engine (<http://luatex.org>).
+ The '\begin{document} ... \end{document}' is a so-called
+"environment"; the 'document' environment (and no others) is required in
+all LaTeX documents. LaTeX provides many environments itself, and many
+more are defined separately. *Note Environments::.
- If invoked as 'xelatex', a '.pdf' file is created using the
- XeTeX engine (<http://tug.org/xetex>).
+ The following sections discuss how to produce PDF or other output
+from a LaTeX input file.
- Many other less-common variants of LaTeX (and TeX) exist, which can
- produce HTML, XML, and other things.
+2.2 Output files
+================
- 2. The "transcript" or '.log' file that contains summary information
- and diagnostic messages for any errors discovered in the input
- file.
+LaTeX produces a main output file and at least two accessory files. The
+main output file's name ends in either '.dvi' or '.pdf'.
+
+'.dvi'
+ If LaTeX is invoked with the system command 'latex' then it
+ produces a DeVice Independent file, with extension '.dvi'. You can
+ view this file with a command such as 'xdvi', or convert it to a
+ PostScript '.ps' file with 'dvips' or to a Portable Document Format
+ '.pdf' file with 'dvipdfmx'. The contents of the file can be
+ dumped in human-readable form with 'dvitype'. A vast array of
+ other DVI utility programs are available
+ (<http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/dviware>).
+
+'.pdf'
+ If LaTeX is invoked via the system command 'pdflatex', among other
+ commands (*note TeX engines::), then the main output is a Portable
+ Document Format (PDF) file. Typically this is a self-contained
+ file, with all fonts and images included.
+
+ LaTeX also produces at least two additional files.
+
+'.log'
+ This transcript file contains summary information such as a list of
+ loaded packages. It also includes diagnostic messages and perhaps
+ additional information for any errors.
+
+'.aux'
+ Auxiliary information is used by LaTeX for things such as cross
+ references. For example, the first time that LaTeX finds a forward
+ reference--a cross reference to something that has not yet appeared
+ in the source--it will appear in the output as a doubled question
+ mark '??'. When the referred-to spot does eventually appear in the
+ source then LaTeX writes its location information to this '.aux'
+ file. On the next invocation, LaTeX reads the location information
+ from this file and uses it to resolve the reference, replacing the
+ double question mark with the remembered location.
+
+ LaTeX may produce yet more files, characterized by the filename
+ending. These include a '.lof' file that is used to make a list of
+figures, a '.lot' file used to make a list of tables, and a '.toc' file
+used to make a table of contents. A particular class may create others;
+the list is open-ended.
+
+2.3 TeX engines
+===============
- 3. An "auxiliary" or '.aux' file. This is used by LaTeX itself, for
- things such as cross-references.
+LaTeX is defined to be a set of commands that are run by a TeX
+implementation (*note Overview::). This section gives a terse overview
+of the main programs.
+
+'latex'
+'pdflatex'
+ In TeX Live (<http://tug.org/texlive>, if LaTeX is invoked via
+ either the system command 'latex' or 'pdflatex', then the pdfTeX
+ engine is run (<http://ctan.org/pkg/pdftex>). When invoked as
+ 'latex', the main output is a '.dvi' file; as 'pdflatex', the main
+ output is a '.pdf' file.
+
+ pdfTeX incorporates the e-TeX extensions to Knuth's original
+ program (<http://ctan.org/pkg/etex>), including additional
+ programming features and bi-directional typesetting, and has plenty
+ of extensions of its own. e-TeX is available on its own as the
+ command 'etex', but this is plain TeX (and produces '.dvi').
+
+ In other TeX distributions, 'latex' may invoke e-TeX rather than
+ pdfTeX. In any case, the e-TeX extensions can be assumed to be
+ available in LaTeX.
+
+'lualatex'
+ If LaTeX is invoked via the system command 'lualatex', the LuaTeX
+ engine is run (<http://ctan.org/pkg/luatex>). This program allows
+ code written in the scripting language Lua (<http://luatex.org>) to
+ interact with TeX's typesetting. LuaTeX handles UTF-8 Unicode
+ input natively, can handle OpenType and TrueType fonts, and
+ produces a '.pdf' file by default. There is also 'dvilualatex' to
+ produce a '.dvi' file, but this is rarely used.
+
+'xelatex'
+ If LaTeX is invoked with the system command 'xelatex', the XeTeX
+ engine is run (<http://tug.org/xetex>). Like LuaTeX, XeTeX also
+ natively supports UTF-8 Unicode and TrueType and OpenType fonts,
+ though the implementation is completely different, mainly using
+ external libraries instead of internal code. XeTeX produces a
+ '.pdf' file as output; it does not support DVI output.
+
+ Other variants of LaTeX and TeX exist, e.g., to provide additional
+support for Japanese and other languages ([u]pTeX,
+<http://ctan.org/pkg/ptex>, <http://ctan.org/pkg/uptex>).
+
+2.4 LaTeX command syntax
+========================
- An open-ended list of other files might be created. We won't try to
-list them all. Xxx components?
+In the LaTeX input file, a command name starts with a '\'; the name
+itself then consists of either (a) a string of letters or (b) a single
+non-letter.
- In the LaTeX input file, a command name starts with a '\', followed
-by either (a) a string of letters or (b) a single non-letter. Arguments
-contained in square brackets, '[]', are optional while arguments
-contained in braces, '{}', are required.
+ A command may be followed by zero, one, or more arguments, either
+required or optional. Required arguments are contained in curly braces,
+'{...}'. Optional arguments are contained in square brackets, '[...]'.
+Generally, but not universally, if the command accepts an optional
+argument, it comes first, before any required arguments.
- LaTeX is case sensitive. Enter all commands in lower case unless
-explicitly directed to do otherwise.
+ Some commands have a '*' form that is related to the form without a
+'*', such as '\chapter' and '\chapter*'.
-3 Starting & ending
-*******************
+ LaTeX commands are case sensitive; neither '\Begin{document}' nor
+'\begin{Document}' will work. Most commands are lowercase, but in any
+event you must enter all commands in the same case as they are defined.
-A minimal input file looks like the following:
+ This manual describes all accepted options and '*'-forms for the
+commands it covers (barring unintentional omissions, a.k.a. bugs).
- \documentclass{CLASS}
- \begin{document}
- YOUR TEXT
- \end{document}
-
-where the CLASS is a valid document class for LaTeX. *Note Document
-classes::, for details of the various document classes available
-locally.
-
- You may include other LaTeX commands between the '\documentclass' and
-the '\begin{document}' commands (this area is called the "preamble").
-
-4 Document classes
+3 Document classes
******************
-The class of a given document is defined with the command:
+The document's overall class is defined with this command, which is
+normally the first command in a LaTeX source file.
\documentclass[OPTIONS]{CLASS}
-The '\documentclass' command must be the first command in a LaTeX source
-file.
+ The following document CLASS names are built into LaTeX. (Many other
+document classes are available as separate packages; *note Overview::.)
+
+'article'
+ For a journal article, a presentation, and miscellaneous general
+ use.
- Built-in LaTeX document CLASS names are (many other document classes
-are available as add-ons; *note Overview::):
+'book'
+ Full-length books, including chapters and possibly including front
+ matter, such as a preface, and back matter, such as an appendix
+ (*note Front/back matter::).
- article report book letter slides
+'report'
+ For documents of length between an 'article' and a 'book', such as
+ technical reports or theses, which may contain several chapters.
- Standard OPTIONS are described below.
+'slides'
+ For slide presentations--rarely used today. In its place the
+ 'beamer' package is perhaps the most prevalent (*note beamer
+ template::).
-4.1 Document class options
+ Standard OPTIONS are described in the next section.
+
+3.1 Document class options
==========================
You can specify so-called "global options" or "class options" to the
-'\documentclass' command by enclosing them in square brackets as usual.
-To specify more than one OPTION, separate them with a comma:
+'\documentclass' command by enclosing them in square brackets. To
+specify more than one OPTION, separate them with a comma, as in:
\documentclass[OPTION1,OPTION2,...]{CLASS}
@@ -388,23 +506,30 @@ paper size (default is 'letterpaper'):
Miscellaneous other options:
-'draft, final'
- mark/do not mark overfull boxes with a big black box; default is
- 'final'.
+'draft'
+'final'
+ Mark ('draft') or do not mark ('final') overfull boxes with a black
+ box in the margin; default is 'final'.
+
'fleqn'
Put displayed formulas flush left; default is centered.
+
'landscape'
Selects landscape format; default is portrait.
+
'leqno'
Put equation numbers on the left side of equations; default is the
right side.
+
'openbib'
Use "open" bibliography format.
-'titlepage, notitlepage'
+
+'titlepage'
+'notitlepage'
Specifies whether the title page is separate; default depends on
the class.
- These options are not available with the slides class:
+ The following options are not available with the 'slides' class.
'onecolumn'
'twocolumn'
@@ -412,21 +537,20 @@ paper size (default is 'letterpaper'):
'oneside'
'twoside'
- Selects one- or two-sided layout; default is 'oneside', except for
- the 'book' class.
+ Selects one- or two-sided layout; default is 'oneside', except that
+ in the 'book' class the default is 'twoside'.
- The '\evensidemargin' ('\oddsidemargin' parameter determines the
- distance on even (odd) numbered pages between the left side of the
- page and the text's left margin. The defaults vary with the paper
- size and whether one- or two-side layout is selected. For
- one-sided printing the text is centered, for two-sided,
- '\oddsidemargin' is 40% of the difference between '\paperwidth' and
- '\textwidth', with '\evensidemargin' the remainder.
+ For one-sided printing, the text is centered on the page. For
+ two-sided printing, the '\evensidemargin' ('\oddsidemargin')
+ parameter determines the distance on even (odd) numbered pages
+ between the left side of the page and the text's left margin, with
+ '\oddsidemargin' being 40% of the difference between '\paperwidth'
+ and '\textwidth', and '\evensidemargin' is the remainder.
'openright'
'openany'
Determines if a chapter should start on a right-hand page; default
- is 'openright' for book.
+ is 'openright' for 'book', and 'openany' for 'report'.
The 'slides' class offers the option 'clock' for printing the time at
the bottom of each note.
@@ -435,20 +559,21 @@ the bottom of each note.
\usepackage[OPTIONS]{PKG}
- To specify more than one PKG, you can separate them with a comma, or
-use multiple '\usepackage' commands.
+ To specify more than one package, you can separate them with a comma,
+as in '\usepackage{PKG1,PKG2,...}', or use multiple '\usepackage'
+commands.
Any options given in the '\documentclass' command that are unknown by
the selected document class are passed on to the packages loaded with
'\usepackage'.
-5 Fonts
+4 Fonts
*******
Two important aspects of selecting a "font" are specifying a size and a
style. The LaTeX commands for doing this are described here.
-5.1 Font styles
+4.1 Font styles
===============
The following type style commands are supported by LaTeX.
@@ -460,13 +585,19 @@ arguments. The scope of the declaration form lasts until the next type
style command or the end of the current group.
These commands, in both the argument form and the declaration form,
-are cumulative; e.g.,, you can say either '\sffamily\bfseries' or
+are cumulative; e.g., you can say either '\sffamily\bfseries' or
'\bfseries\sffamily' to get bold sans serif.
You can alternatively use an environment form of the declarations;
for instance, '\begin{ttfamily}...\end{ttfamily}'.
- These commands automatically supply an italic correction if needed.
+ These font-switching commands automatically insert italic corrections
+if needed. (*Note \/::, for the details of italic corrections.)
+Specifically, they insert the italic correction unless the following
+character is in the list '\nocorrlist', which by default consists of a
+period and a comma. To suppress the automatic insertion of italic
+correction, use '\nocorr' at the start or end of the command argument,
+such as '\textit{\nocorr text}' or '\textsc{text \nocorr}'.
'\textrm (\rmfamily)'
Roman.
@@ -540,7 +671,7 @@ the default. FAQ entry:
LaTeX also provides the following commands, which unconditionally
switch to the given style, that is, are _not_ cumulative. Also, they
are used differently than the above commands: '{\CMD ...}' instead of
-'\CMD{...}'. These are two very different things.
+'\CMD{...}'. These are two unrelated constructs.
'\bf'
Switch to bold face.
@@ -576,7 +707,7 @@ situations when an unconditional font switch is precisely what you need
to get the desired output; for one example, *note 'description':
description. Both sets of commands have their place.
-5.2 Font sizes
+4.2 Font sizes
==============
The following standard type size commands are supported by LaTeX. The
@@ -602,7 +733,7 @@ the declaration form lasts until the next type style command or the end
of the current group. You can also use the environment form of these
commands; for instance, '\begin{tiny}...\end{tiny}'.
-5.3 Low-level font commands
+4.3 Low-level font commands
===========================
These commands are primarily intended for writers of macros and
@@ -672,18 +803,18 @@ ones.
and '\fontshape' with the given parameters, followed by
'\selectfont'.
-6 Layout
+5 Layout
********
Miscellaneous commands for controlling the general layout of the page.
-6.1 '\onecolumn'
+5.1 '\onecolumn'
================
The '\onecolumn' declaration starts a new page and produces
single-column output. This is the default.
-6.2 '\twocolumn'
+5.2 '\twocolumn'
================
Synopsis:
@@ -727,7 +858,7 @@ typeset in one-column mode before the two-column typesetting starts.
Distance between a multi-column float at the top or bottom of a
page and the main text. Default '20pt plus2pt minus4pt'.
-6.3 '\flushbottom'
+5.3 '\flushbottom'
==================
The '\flushbottom' declaration makes all text pages the same height,
@@ -736,13 +867,13 @@ adding extra vertical space where necessary to fill out the page.
This is the default if 'twocolumn' mode is selected (*note Document
class options::).
-6.4 '\raggedbottom'
+5.4 '\raggedbottom'
===================
The '\raggedbottom' declaration makes all pages the natural height of
the material on that page. No rubber lengths will be stretched.
-6.5 Page layout parameters
+5.5 Page layout parameters
==========================
'\headheight'
@@ -808,17 +939,17 @@ the material on that page. No rubber lengths will be stretched.
'\topskip'
Minimum distance between the top of the page body and the baseline
- of the first line of text. For the standard clases, the default is
- the same as the font size, e.g., '10pt' at '10pt'.
+ of the first line of text. For the standard classes, the default
+ is the same as the font size, e.g., '10pt' at '10pt'.
-7 Sectioning
+6 Sectioning
************
Sectioning commands provide the means to structure your text into units:
'\part'
'\chapter'
- (report and book class only)
+ ('report' and 'book' class only)
'\section'
'\subsection'
'\subsubsection'
@@ -863,13 +994,13 @@ setting
suppresses heading numbers at any depth > LEVEL, where 'chapter' is
level zero. (*Note \setcounter::.)
-8 Cross references
+7 Cross references
******************
One reason for numbering things like figures and equations is to refer
the reader to them, as in "See Figure 3 for more details."
-8.1 '\label'
+7.1 '\label'
============
Synopsis:
@@ -881,7 +1012,8 @@ number of the current sectional unit; one appearing inside a numbered
environment assigns that number to KEY.
A KEY name can consist of any sequence of letters, digits, or
-punctuation characters. Upper and lowercase letters are distinguished.
+punctuation characters. Upper and lowercase letters are distinguished,
+as usual.
To avoid accidentally creating two labels with the same name, it is
common to use labels consisting of a prefix and a suffix separated by a
@@ -901,7 +1033,7 @@ colon or period. Some conventionally-used prefixes:
Thus, a label for a figure would look like 'fig:snark' or
'fig.snark'.
-8.2 '\pageref{KEY}'
+7.2 '\pageref{KEY}'
===================
Synopsis:
@@ -911,7 +1043,7 @@ Synopsis:
The '\pageref'{KEY} command produces the page number of the place in
the text where the corresponding '\label'{KEY} command appears.
-8.3 '\ref{KEY}'
+7.3 '\ref{KEY}'
===============
Synopsis:
@@ -923,7 +1055,7 @@ equation, footnote, figure, ..., of the corresponding '\label' command
(*note \label::). It does not produce any text, such as the word
'Section' or 'Figure', just the bare number itself.
-9 Environments
+8 Environments
**************
LaTeX provides many environments for marking off certain text. Each
@@ -933,7 +1065,7 @@ environment begins and ends in the same manner:
...
\end{ENVNAME}
-9.1 'abstract'
+8.1 'abstract'
==============
Synopsis:
@@ -944,7 +1076,7 @@ Synopsis:
Environment for producing an abstract, possibly of multiple
paragraphs.
-9.2 'array'
+8.2 'array'
===========
Synopsis:
@@ -958,7 +1090,8 @@ Synopsis:
within an 'equation' environment (*note equation::). It has a single
mandatory TEMPLATE argument describing the number of columns and the
alignment within them. Each column COL is specified by a single letter
-that tells how items in that row should be formatted, as follows:
+that tells how items in each row of that column should be formatted, as
+follows:
'c'
centered
@@ -989,7 +1122,7 @@ parameters which affect formatting in 'array' environments, namely
The 'array' environment can only be used in math mode.
-9.3 'center'
+8.3 'center'
============
Synopsis:
@@ -1003,7 +1136,7 @@ Synopsis:
of lines that are centered within the left and right margins on the
current page. Each line is terminated with the string '\\'.
-9.3.1 '\centering'
+8.3.1 '\centering'
------------------
The '\centering' declaration corresponds to the 'center' environment.
@@ -1026,7 +1159,7 @@ environment such as quote) that ends the paragraph unit.
second line \\
\end{quote}
-9.4 'description'
+8.4 'description'
=================
Synopsis:
@@ -1049,7 +1182,7 @@ resets all other style variations: '\item[{\tt plain typewriter}]'.
For details about list spacing, see *note itemize::.
-9.5 'displaymath'
+8.5 'displaymath'
=================
Synopsis:
@@ -1069,13 +1202,13 @@ option makes equations flush left; see *note Document class options::.
No equation number is added to 'displaymath' text; to get an equation
number, use the 'equation' environment (*note equation::).
-9.6 'document'
+8.6 'document'
==============
The 'document' environment encloses the body of a document. It is
-required in every LaTeX document. *Note Starting & ending::.
+required in every LaTeX document. *Note Starting and ending::.
-9.7 'enumerate'
+8.7 'enumerate'
===============
Synopsis:
@@ -1113,7 +1246,7 @@ letters:
\renewcommand{\labelenumi}{\Alph{enumi}}
-9.8 'eqnarray'
+8.8 'eqnarray'
==============
First, a caveat: the 'eqnarray' environment has some infelicities which
@@ -1132,9 +1265,9 @@ that it is better to use the 'align' environment (and others) from the
\end{eqnarray}
The 'eqnarray' environment is used to display a sequence of equations
-or inequalities. It is very much like a three-column 'array'
-environment, with consecutive rows separated by '\\' and consecutive
-items within a row separated by an '&'.
+or inequalities. It is similar to a three-column 'array' environment,
+with consecutive rows separated by '\\' and consecutive items within a
+row separated by an '&'.
'\\*' can also be used to separate equations, with its normal meaning
of not allowing a page break at that line.
@@ -1148,7 +1281,7 @@ entirely, while otherwise being the same as 'eqnarray'.
lines. It typesets its argument in display style flush left in a box of
zero width.
-9.9 'equation'
+8.9 'equation'
==============
Synopsis:
@@ -1161,7 +1294,7 @@ Synopsis:
displaymath::), e.g., centering the MATH text on the page, and also
places an equation number in the right margin.
-9.10 'figure'
+8.10 'figure'
=============
\begin{figure[*]}[PLACEMENT]
@@ -1192,8 +1325,8 @@ put a float:
<http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=2colfloat>.
'h'
- (Here)--at the position in the text where the figure environment
- appears. However, this is not allowed by itself; 't' is
+ (Here)--at the position in the text where the 'figure' environment
+ appears. However, 't' is not allowed by itself; 't' is
automatically added.
To absolutely force a figure to appear "here", you can
@@ -1212,7 +1345,7 @@ put a float:
page. The '!' specifier does _not_ mean "put the float here"; see
above.
- The standard report and article classes use the default placement
+ The standard 'report' and 'article' classes use the default placement
'tbp'.
The body of the figure is made up of whatever text, LaTeX commands,
@@ -1225,8 +1358,8 @@ the list of figures instead of TEXT (*note Tables of contents::).
Parameters relating to fractions of pages occupied by float and
non-float text:
- The maximum fraction of the page allowed to be occuped by floats at
- the bottom; default '.3'.
+ The maximum fraction of the page allowed to be occupied by floats
+ at the bottom; default '.3'.
'\floatpagefraction'
The minimum fraction of a float page that must be occupied by
@@ -1256,23 +1389,27 @@ non-float text:
Space between the last (first) float at the top (bottom) of a page;
default '20pt plus2pt minus4pt'.
- Parameters relating to the number of floats on a page:
+ Counters relating to the number of floats on a page:
-'\bottomnumber'
+'bottomnumber'
Maximum number of floats that can appear at the bottom of a text
page; default 1.
-'\topnumber'
+'dbltopnumber'
+ Maximum number of full-sized floats that can appear at the top of a
+ two-column page; default 2.
+
+'topnumber'
Maximum number of floats that can appear at the top of a text page;
default 2.
-'\totalnumber'
+'totalnumber'
Maximum number of floats that can appear on a text page; default 3.
The principal TeX FAQ entry relating to floats:
<http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=floats>.
-9.11 'filecontents': Create external files
+8.11 'filecontents': Create external files
==========================================
Synopsis:
@@ -1311,11 +1448,11 @@ unrelated to using the created file. So you need to use, for instance,
'\input' or '\usepackage' or '\bibliography' or whatever is applicable,
to use the created file.
- This environment is also useful to make a self-contained document,
-for example, for a bug report, or to keep a '.bib' file with the main
-document.
+ This environment is also useful to make a document in a
+self-contained file, for example, for a bug report, or to keep the
+content of a '.bib' file in the same file as the main document.
-9.12 'flushleft'
+8.12 'flushleft'
================
\begin{flushleft}
@@ -1328,7 +1465,7 @@ document.
consisting of lines that are flush to the left-hand margin and ragged
right Each line must be terminated with the string '\\'.
-9.12.1 '\raggedright'
+8.12.1 '\raggedright'
---------------------
The '\raggedright' declaration corresponds to the 'flushleft'
@@ -1341,7 +1478,7 @@ units. To affect a paragraph unit's format, the scope of the
declaration must contain the blank line or '\end' command that ends the
paragraph unit.
-9.13 'flushright'
+8.13 'flushright'
=================
\begin{flushright}
@@ -1354,7 +1491,7 @@ paragraph unit.
consisting of lines that are flush to the right-hand margin and ragged
left. Each line must be terminated with the string '\\'.
-9.13.1 '\raggedleft'
+8.13.1 '\raggedleft'
--------------------
The '\raggedleft' declaration corresponds to the 'flushright'
@@ -1367,7 +1504,7 @@ units. To affect a paragraph unit's format, the scope of the
declaration must contain the blank line or '\end' command that ends the
paragraph unit.
-9.14 'itemize'
+8.14 'itemize'
==============
Synopsis:
@@ -1469,12 +1606,12 @@ within a single item ('\parskip' is not list-specific, *note
\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%
{\end{itemize}}
-9.15 'letter' environment: writing letters
+8.15 'letter' environment: writing letters
==========================================
This environment is used for creating letters. *Note Letters::.
-9.16 'list'
+8.16 'list'
===========
The 'list' environment is a generic environment which is used for
@@ -1499,7 +1636,7 @@ empty, i.e., '{}', which leaves the default spacing.
The width used for typesetting the list items is specified by
'\linewidth' (*note Page layout parameters::).
-9.17 'math'
+8.17 'math'
===========
Synopsis:
@@ -1511,7 +1648,7 @@ Synopsis:
The 'math' environment inserts the given MATH within the running
text. '\(...\))' and '$...$' are synonyms. *Note Math formulas::.
-9.18 'minipage'
+8.18 'minipage'
===============
\begin{minipage}[POSITION][HEIGHT][INNER-POS]{WIDTH}
@@ -1539,7 +1676,7 @@ Counters::).
However, don't put one minipage inside another if you are using
footnotes; they may wind up at the bottom of the wrong minipage.
-9.19 'picture'
+8.19 'picture'
==============
\begin{picture}(width,height)(x offset,y offset)
@@ -1609,28 +1746,30 @@ corner of the box.
The 'picture' commands are described in the following sections.
-9.19.1 '\circle'
+8.19.1 '\circle'
----------------
+Synopsis:
\circle[*]{DIAMETER}
The '\circle' command produces a circle with a diameter as close to
the specified one as possible. The '*'-form of the command draws a
solid circle.
- Circles up to 40 pt can be drawn.
+ Circles up to 40pt can be drawn.
-9.19.2 '\makebox'
+8.19.2 '\makebox'
-----------------
-'\makebox(width,height)[position]{...}'
+Synopsis:
+ \makebox(WIDTH,HEIGHT)[POSITION]{TEXT}
The '\makebox' command for the picture environment is similar to the
-normal '\makebox' command except that you must specify a 'width' and
-'height' in multiples of '\unitlength'.
+normal '\makebox' command except that you must specify a WIDTH and
+HEIGHT in multiples of '\unitlength'.
- The optional argument, '[position]', specifies the quadrant that your
-text appears in. You may select up to two of the following:
+ The optional argument, '[POSITION]', specifies the quadrant that your
+TEXT appears in. You may select up to two of the following:
't'
Moves the item to the top of the rectangle.
@@ -1646,7 +1785,7 @@ text appears in. You may select up to two of the following:
*Note \makebox::.
-9.19.3 '\framebox'
+8.19.3 '\framebox'
------------------
Synopsis:
@@ -1660,7 +1799,7 @@ creates.
The '\framebox' command produces a rule of thickness '\fboxrule', and
leaves a space '\fboxsep' between the rule and the contents of the box.
-9.19.4 '\dashbox'
+8.19.4 '\dashbox'
-----------------
Draws a box with a dashed line. Synopsis:
@@ -1672,10 +1811,10 @@ environment. Dashes are DLEN units long, and the rectangle has overall
width RWIDTH and height RHEIGHT. The TEXT is positioned at optional
POS.
- A dashed box looks best when the 'rwidth' and 'rheight' are multiples
-of the 'dlen'.
+ A dashed box looks best when the RWIDTH and RHEIGHT are multiples of
+the DLEN.
-9.19.5 '\frame'
+8.19.5 '\frame'
---------------
Synopsis:
@@ -1686,7 +1825,7 @@ Synopsis:
reference point is the bottom left corner of the frame. No extra space
is put between the frame and the object.
-9.19.6 '\line'
+8.19.6 '\line'
--------------
Synopsis:
@@ -1697,11 +1836,10 @@ Synopsis:
XSLOPE/YSLOPE.
Standard LaTeX can only draw lines with SLOPE = x/y, where x and y
-have integer values from -6 through 6. For lines of any slope, not to
-mention other shapes, see the 'curve2e' and many many other packages on
-CTAN.
+have integer values from -6 through 6. For lines of any slope, and
+plenty of other shapes, see 'pict2e' and many other packages on CTAN.
-9.19.7 '\linethickness'
+8.19.7 '\linethickness'
-----------------------
The '\linethickness{DIM}' command declares the thickness of horizontal
@@ -1711,21 +1849,21 @@ positive length.
'\linethickness' does not affect the thickness of slanted lines,
circles, or the quarter circles drawn by '\oval'.
-9.19.8 '\thicklines'
+8.19.8 '\thicklines'
--------------------
The '\thicklines' command is an alternate line thickness for horizontal
and vertical lines in a picture environment; cf. *note \linethickness::
and *note \thinlines::.
-9.19.9 '\thinlines'
+8.19.9 '\thinlines'
-------------------
The '\thinlines' command is the default line thickness for horizontal
and vertical lines in a picture environment; cf. *note \linethickness::
and *note \thicklines::.
-9.19.10 '\multiput'
+8.19.10 '\multiput'
-------------------
Synopsis:
@@ -1735,7 +1873,7 @@ Synopsis:
across a picture. OBJ is first placed at position (x,y), then at
(x+\delta x,y+\delta y), and so on, N times.
-9.19.11 '\oval'
+8.19.11 '\oval'
---------------
Synopsis:
@@ -1759,15 +1897,17 @@ following:
maximum radius of 20pt, so large "ovals" will look more like boxes with
rounded corners.
-9.19.12 '\put'
+8.19.12 '\put'
--------------
-'\put(x coord,y coord){ ... }'
+Synopsis:
+
+ \put(XCOORD,YCOORD){ ... }
- The '\put' command places the item specified by the mandatory
-argument at the given coordinates.
+ The '\put' command places the material specified by the (mandatory)
+argument in braces at the given coordinate, (XCOORD,YCOORD).
-9.19.13 '\shortstack'
+8.19.13 '\shortstack'
---------------------
Synopsis:
@@ -1786,18 +1926,18 @@ positions are:
Objects are separated with '\\'.
-9.19.14 '\vector'
+8.19.14 '\vector'
-----------------
Synopsis:
- \vector(X-SLOPE,Y-SLOPE){LENGTH}
+ \vector(XSLOPE,YSLOPE){LENGTH}
The '\vector' command draws a line with an arrow of the specified
-length and slope. The x and y values must lie between -4 and +4,
-inclusive.
+length and slope. The XSLOPE and YSLOPE values must lie between -4 and
++4, inclusive.
-9.20 'quotation'
+8.20 'quotation'
================
Synopsis:
@@ -1812,10 +1952,10 @@ blank line between text produces a new paragraph.
Unlike the 'quote' environment, each paragraph is indented normally.
-9.21 'quote'
+8.21 'quote'
============
-Snyopsis:
+Synopsis:
\begin{quote}
TEXT
@@ -1827,7 +1967,7 @@ line between text produces a new paragraph.
Unlike the 'quotation' environment, paragraphs are not indented.
-9.22 'tabbing'
+8.22 'tabbing'
==============
Synopsis:
@@ -1846,7 +1986,7 @@ each column is constant and known in advance.
This environment can be broken across pages, unlike the 'tabular'
environment.
- The following commands can be used inside a 'tabbing' enviroment:
+ The following commands can be used inside a 'tabbing' environment:
'\\ (tabbing)'
End a line.
@@ -1918,7 +2058,7 @@ environment.
end;\\
\end{tabbing}
-9.23 'table'
+8.23 'table'
============
Synopsis:
@@ -1945,7 +2085,7 @@ and described there (*note figure::).
The body of the table is made up of whatever text, LaTeX commands,
etc., you wish. The '\caption' command allows you to title your table.
-9.24 'tabular'
+8.24 'tabular'
==============
Synopsis:
@@ -2059,7 +2199,7 @@ rule below the table) follows.
The following commands can be used inside a 'tabular' environment:
-9.24.1 '\multicolumn'
+8.24.1 '\multicolumn'
---------------------
Synopsis:
@@ -2081,7 +2221,7 @@ third mandatory argument, TEXT, specifies what text to put in the entry.
0x10000&0x1FFFF \cr
\end{tabular}
-9.24.2 '\cline'
+8.24.2 '\cline'
---------------
Synopsis:
@@ -2092,21 +2232,21 @@ Synopsis:
specified, beginning in column I and ending in column J, which are
specified in the mandatory argument.
-9.24.3 '\hline'
+8.24.3 '\hline'
---------------
The '\hline' command draws a horizontal line the width of the enclosing
'tabular' or 'array' environment. It's most commonly used to draw a
line at the top, bottom, and between the rows of a table.
-9.24.4 '\vline'
+8.24.4 '\vline'
---------------
The '\vline' command will draw a vertical line extending the full height
and depth of its row. An '\hfill' command can be used to move the line
to the edge of the column. It can also be used in an @-expression.
-9.25 'thebibliography'
+8.25 'thebibliography'
======================
Synopsis:
@@ -2131,7 +2271,7 @@ wide as the widest item label produced by the '\bibitem' commands. It
is typically given as '9' for bibliographies with less than 10
references, '99' for ones with less than 100, etc.
-9.25.1 '\bibitem'
+8.25.1 '\bibitem'
-----------------
Synopsis:
@@ -2148,7 +2288,7 @@ CITE_KEY and label. When the '.aux' file is read by the
'cite_key', causing references to CITE_KEY with a '\cite' command (see
next section) to produce the associated label.
-9.25.2 '\cite'
+8.25.2 '\cite'
--------------
Synopsis:
@@ -2162,7 +2302,7 @@ associated with KEYS by entries in the '.aux' file.
The text of the optional SUBCITE argument appears after the citation.
For example, '\cite[p.~314]{knuth}' might produce '[Knuth, p. 314]'.
-9.25.3 '\nocite'
+8.25.3 '\nocite'
----------------
'\nocite{key_list}'
@@ -2170,7 +2310,7 @@ For example, '\cite[p.~314]{knuth}' might produce '[Knuth, p. 314]'.
The '\nocite' command produces no text, but writes 'key_list', which
is a list of one or more citation keys, on the '.aux' file.
-9.25.4 Using BibTeX
+8.25.4 Using BibTeX
-------------------
If you use the BibTeX program by Oren Patashnik (highly recommended if
@@ -2199,7 +2339,7 @@ BibTeX are:
In addition, numerous other BibTeX style files exist tailored to the
demands of various publications. See
-<http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/biblio/bibtex/contrib>.
+<http://mirror.ctan.org/biblio/bibtex/contrib>.
The '\bibliography' command is what actually produces the
bibliography. The argument to '\bibliography' refers to files named
@@ -2207,7 +2347,7 @@ bibliography. The argument to '\bibliography' refers to files named
Only the entries referred to via '\cite' and '\nocite' will be listed in
the bibliography.
-9.26 'theorem'
+8.26 'theorem'
==============
Synopsis:
@@ -2220,7 +2360,7 @@ Synopsis:
by THEOREM-TEXT, where the numbering possibilities for N are described
under '\newtheorem' (*note \newtheorem::).
-9.27 'titlepage'
+8.27 'titlepage'
================
Synopsis:
@@ -2237,7 +2377,7 @@ be numbered page one. Formatting the title page is left to you. The
You can use the '\maketitle' command (*note \maketitle::) to produce
a standard title page without a 'titlepage' environment.
-9.28 'verbatim'
+8.28 'verbatim'
===============
Synopsis:
@@ -2254,7 +2394,7 @@ typewriter.
The 'verbatim' uses a monospaced typewriter-like font ('\tt').
-9.28.1 '\verb'
+8.28.1 '\verb'
--------------
Synopsis:
@@ -2271,7 +2411,7 @@ in LITERAL-TEXT.
The '*'-form differs only in that spaces are printed with a "visible
space" character.
-9.29 'verse'
+8.29 'verse'
============
Synopsis:
@@ -2290,8 +2430,8 @@ not indented, and the text is not justified. Separate the lines of each
stanza with '\\', and use one or more blank lines to separate the
stanzas.
-10 Line breaking
-****************
+9 Line breaking
+***************
The first thing LaTeX does when processing ordinary text is to translate
your input file into a sequence of glyphs and spaces. To produce a
@@ -2302,8 +2442,8 @@ lines must be broken into pages).
environments, you do the line breaking yourself with the '\\' command,
and you can always manually force breaks.
-10.1 '\\'[*][MORESPACE]
-=======================
+9.1 '\\'[*][MORESPACE]
+======================
The '\\' command tells LaTeX to start a new line. It has an optional
argument, MORESPACE, that specifies how much extra vertical space is to
@@ -2312,8 +2452,8 @@ be inserted before the next line. This can be a negative amount.
The '\\*' command is the same as the ordinary '\\' command except
that it tells LaTeX not to start a new page after the line.
-10.2 '\obeycr' & '\restorecr'
-=============================
+9.2 '\obeycr' & '\restorecr'
+============================
The '\obeycr' command makes a return in the input file ('^^M',
internally) the same as '\\' (followed by '\relax'). So each new line
@@ -2321,27 +2461,27 @@ in the input will also be a new line in the output.
'\restorecr' restores normal line-breaking behavior.
-10.3 '\newline'
-===============
+9.3 '\newline'
+==============
The '\newline' command breaks the line at the present point, with no
stretching of the text before it. It can only be used in paragraph
mode.
-10.4 '\-' (discretionary hyphen)
-================================
+9.4 '\-' (discretionary hyphen)
+===============================
The '\-' command tells LaTeX that it may hyphenate the word at that
-point. LaTeX is very good at hyphenating, and it will usually find most
-of the correct hyphenation points, and almost never use an incorrect
+point. LaTeX is pretty good at hyphenating, and usually finds most of
+the correct hyphenation points, while almost never using an incorrect
one. The '\-' command is used for the exceptional cases.
When you insert '\-' commands in a word, the word will only be
hyphenated at those points and not at any of the hyphenation points that
LaTeX might otherwise have chosen.
-10.5 '\fussy'
-=============
+9.5 '\fussy'
+============
The declaration '\fussy' (which is the default) makes TeX picky about
line breaking. This usually avoids too much space between words, at the
@@ -2350,16 +2490,16 @@ cost of an occasional overfull box.
This command cancels the effect of a previous '\sloppy' command
(*note \sloppy::.
-10.6 '\sloppy'
-==============
+9.6 '\sloppy'
+=============
The declaration '\sloppy' makes TeX less fussy about line breaking.
This will avoid overfull boxes, at the cost of loose interword spacing.
Lasts until a '\fussy' command is issued (*note \fussy::).
-10.7 '\hyphenation'
-===================
+9.7 '\hyphenation'
+==================
Synopsis:
@@ -2374,8 +2514,8 @@ words):
\hyphenation{ap-pen-dix col-umns data-base data-bases}
-10.8 '\linebreak' & '\nolinebreak'
-==================================
+9.8 '\linebreak' & '\nolinebreak'
+=================================
Synopses:
@@ -2391,14 +2531,14 @@ margin as usual.
a demand to a request. The PRIORITY must be a number from 0 to 4. The
higher the number, the more insistent the request.
-11 Page breaking
+10 Page breaking
****************
LaTeX starts new pages asynchronously, when enough material has
accumulated to fill up a page. Usually this happens automatically, but
sometimes you may want to influence the breaks.
-11.1 '\cleardoublepage'
+10.1 '\cleardoublepage'
=======================
The '\cleardoublepage' command ends the current page and causes all
@@ -2406,19 +2546,19 @@ figures and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed.
In a two-sided printing style, it also makes the next page a right-hand
(odd-numbered) page, producing a blank page if necessary.
-11.2 '\clearpage'
+10.2 '\clearpage'
=================
The '\clearpage' command ends the current page and causes all figures
and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed.
-11.3 '\newpage'
+10.3 '\newpage'
===============
The '\newpage' command ends the current page, but does not clear floats
(see '\clearpage' above).
-11.4 '\enlargethispage'
+10.4 '\enlargethispage'
=======================
'\enlargethispage{size}'
@@ -2433,7 +2573,7 @@ additional line.
as much as possible. This is normally used together with an explicit
'\pagebreak'.
-11.5 '\pagebreak' & '\nopagebreak'
+10.5 '\pagebreak' & '\nopagebreak'
==================================
Synopses:
@@ -2450,14 +2590,14 @@ extends to the normal bottom margin.
command from a demand to a request. The number must be a number from 0
to 4. The higher the number, the more insistent the request is.
-12 Footnotes
+11 Footnotes
************
Footnotes can be produced in one of two ways. They can be produced with
one command, the '\footnote' command. They can also be produced with
two commands, the '\footnotemark' and the '\footnotetext' commands.
-12.1 '\footnote'
+11.1 '\footnote'
================
Synopsis:
@@ -2472,7 +2612,7 @@ default footnote number.
cannot use it in sectioning commands like '\chapter', in figures, tables
or in a 'tabular' environment. (See following sections.)
-12.2 '\footnotemark'
+11.2 '\footnotemark'
====================
With no optional argument, the '\footnotemark' command puts the current
@@ -2487,7 +2627,7 @@ markers referring to the same footnote with
after the first '\footnote' command.
-12.3 '\footnotetext'
+11.3 '\footnotetext'
====================
Synopsis:
@@ -2501,7 +2641,7 @@ mode.
The optional argument NUMBER changes the default footnote number.
-12.4 Symbolic footnotes
+11.4 Symbolic footnotes
=======================
If you want to use symbols for footnotes, rather than increasing
@@ -2514,14 +2654,14 @@ numbers, redefine '\thefootnote' like this:
use a different symbol as your footnote mark, you'll need to also
redefine '\@fnsymbol'.
-12.5 Footnote parameters
+11.5 Footnote parameters
========================
'\footnoterule'
Produces the rule separating the main text on a page from the
page's footnotes. Default dimensions: '0.4pt' thick (or wide), and
'0.4\columnwidth' long in the standard document classes (except
- slides, where it does not appear).
+ 'slides', where it does not appear).
'\footnotesep'
The height of the strut placed at the beginning of the footnote.
@@ -2530,19 +2670,19 @@ redefine '\@fnsymbol'.
between footnotes. This is '6.65pt' for '10pt', '7.7pt' for
'11pt', and '8.4pt' for '12pt'.
-13 Definitions
+12 Definitions
**************
LaTeX has support for making new commands of many different kinds.
-13.1 '\newcommand' & '\renewcommand'
+12.1 '\newcommand' & '\renewcommand'
====================================
'\newcommand' and '\renewcommand' define and redefine a command,
respectively. Synopses:
- \newcommand[*]{CMD}[NARGS][OPTARG]{DEFN}
- \renewcommand[*]{CMD}[NARGS][OPTARG]{DEFN}
+ \newcommand[*]{CMD}[NARGS][OPTARGVAL]{DEFN}
+ \renewcommand[*]{CMD}[NARGS][OPTARGVAL]{DEFN}
'*'
The *-form of these commands requires that the arguments not
@@ -2550,7 +2690,7 @@ respectively. Synopses:
terms).
CMD
- The command name beginning with '\'. For '\newcommand', it must
+ The command name, beginning with '\'. For '\newcommand', it must
not be already defined and must not begin with '\end'; for
'\renewcommand', it must already be defined.
@@ -2559,48 +2699,50 @@ NARGS
that the command will take. The default is for the command to have
no arguments.
-OPTARG
- If this optional parameter is present, it means that the command's
- first argument is optional. The default value of the optional
- argument (i.e., if it is not specified in the call) is OPTARG, or,
- if that argument is present in the '\newcommand' but has an empty
- value, the string 'def'.
+OPTARGVAL
+ If this optional parameter is present, it means that the first
+ argument of command CMD is optional and its default value (i.e., if
+ it is not specified in the call) is OPTARG. In otherwise, when
+ calling the macro, if no '[VALUE]' is given after 'CMD'--which is
+ different from having '[]' for an empty VALUE--then string
+ 'OPTARGVAL' becomes the value of '#1' within DEFN when the macro is
+ expanded.
DEFN
The text to be substituted for every occurrence of 'cmd'; a
construct of the form '#N' in DEFN is replaced by the text of the
Nth argument.
-13.2 '\newcounter'
+12.2 '\newcounter'
==================
Synopsis:
- \newcounter{CNT}[COUNTERNAME]
+ \newcounter{COUNTERNAME}[SUPERCOUNTER]
- The '\newcounter' command defines a new counter named CNT. The new
-counter is initialized to zero.
+ The '\newcounter' command defines a new counter named COUNTERNAME.
+The new counter is initialized to zero.
- Given the optional argument '[COUNTERNAME]', CNT will be reset
-whenever COUNTERNAME is incremented.
+ Given the optional argument '[SUPER]', COUNTERNAME will be reset
+whenever the counter named SUPERCOUNTER is incremented.
*Note Counters::, for more information about counters.
-13.3 '\newlength'
+12.3 '\newlength'
=================
Synopsis:
\newlength{\ARG}
- The '\newlength' command defines the mandatory argument as a 'length'
-command with a value of '0in'. The argument must be a control sequence,
+ The '\newlength' command defines the mandatory argument as a "length"
+command with a value of zero. The argument must be a control sequence,
as in '\newlength{\foo}'. An error occurs if '\foo' is already defined.
*Note Lengths::, for how to set the new length to a nonzero value,
and for more information about lengths in general.
-13.4 '\newsavebox'
+12.4 '\newsavebox'
==================
Synopsis:
@@ -2610,7 +2752,7 @@ Synopsis:
Defines '\CMD', which must be a command name not already defined, to
refer to a new bin for storing boxes.
-13.5 '\newenvironment' & '\renewenvironment'
+12.5 '\newenvironment' & '\renewenvironment'
============================================
Synopses:
@@ -2649,7 +2791,7 @@ ENDDEF
The text expanded at every occurrence of '\end{ENV}'. It may not
contain any argument parameters.
-13.6 '\newtheorem'
+12.6 '\newtheorem'
==================
\newtheorem{NEWENV}{LABEL}[WITHIN]
@@ -2677,7 +2819,7 @@ WITHIN
At most one of NUMBERED_LIKE and WITHIN can be specified, not both.
-13.7 '\newfont'
+12.7 '\newfont'
===============
Synopsis:
@@ -2691,7 +2833,7 @@ is named 'FONTNAME.tfm'.
This is a low-level command for setting up to use an individual font.
More commonly, fonts are defined in families through '.fd' files.
-13.8 '\protect'
+12.8 '\protect'
===============
Footnotes, line breaks, any command that has an optional argument, and
@@ -2712,7 +2854,7 @@ preceded by '\protect'.
<http://www-h.eng.cam.ac.uk/help/tpl/textprocessing/teTeX/latex/latex2e-html/fragile.html>
<http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=protect>
-14 Counters
+13 Counters
***********
Everything LaTeX numbers for you has a counter associated with it. The
@@ -2727,7 +2869,7 @@ counters used in LaTeX's standard document classes to control numbering.
subsection equation mpfootnote enumiv
subsubsection
-14.1 '\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol': Printing counters
+13.1 '\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol': Printing counters
=====================================================================
All of these commands take a single counter as an argument, for
@@ -2745,7 +2887,7 @@ instance, '\alph{enumi}'.
'\roman'
uses lowercase roman numerals: 'i', 'ii', ...
-'\roman'
+'\Roman'
uses uppercase roman numerals: 'I', 'II', ...
'\fnsymbol'
@@ -2753,12 +2895,13 @@ instance, '\alph{enumi}'.
(conventionally used for labeling footnotes). The value of COUNTER
must be between 1 and 9, inclusive.
- The symbols mostly aren't supported in Info, but here are the
- names:
- asterisk(*) dagger ddagger section-sign paragraph-sign parallel
- double-asterisk(**) double-dagger double-ddagger
+ Here are the symbols (as Unicode code points in ASCII output):
+
+ asterisk(*) dagger(U+2021) ddagger(U+2021)
+ section-sign(U+00A7) paragraph-sign(U+00B6) parallel(U+2225)
+ double-asterisk(**) double-dagger(U+2021U+2021) double-ddagger(U+2021U+2021)
-14.2 '\usecounter{COUNTER}'
+13.2 '\usecounter{COUNTER}'
===========================
Synopsis:
@@ -2769,7 +2912,7 @@ Synopsis:
'list' environment to specify COUNTER to be used to number the list
items.
-14.3 '\value{COUNTER}'
+13.3 '\value{COUNTER}'
======================
Synopsis:
@@ -2783,36 +2926,36 @@ anywhere LaTeX expects a number, for example:
\addtocounter{myctr}{1}
\hspace{\value{myctr}\parindent}
-14.4 '\setcounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}'
+13.4 '\setcounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}'
==================================
Synopsis:
- \setcounter{\COUNTER}{VALUE}
+ \setcounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}
- The '\setcounter' command sets the value of \COUNTER to the VALUE
+ The '\setcounter' command sets the value of COUNTER to the VALUE
argument.
-14.5 '\addtocounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}'
+13.5 '\addtocounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}'
====================================
The '\addtocounter' command increments COUNTER by the amount specified
by the VALUE argument, which may be negative.
-14.6 '\refstepcounter{COUNTER}'
+13.6 '\refstepcounter{COUNTER}'
===============================
The '\refstepcounter' command works in the same way as '\stepcounter'
*Note \stepcounter::, except it also defines the current '\ref' value to
be the result of '\thecounter'.
-14.7 '\stepcounter{COUNTER}'
+13.7 '\stepcounter{COUNTER}'
============================
The '\stepcounter' command adds one to COUNTER and resets all subsidiary
counters.
-14.8 '\day \month \year': Predefined counters
+13.8 '\day \month \year': Predefined counters
=============================================
LaTeX defines counters for the day of the month ('\day', 1-31), month of
@@ -2823,26 +2966,26 @@ running. They are not updated as the job progresses.
The related command '\today' produces a string representing the
current day (*note \today::).
-15 Lengths
+14 Lengths
**********
A 'length' is a measure of distance. Many LaTeX commands take a length
as an argument.
-15.1 '\setlength{\LEN}{VALUE}'
+14.1 '\setlength{\LEN}{VALUE}'
==============================
The '\setlength' sets the value of \LEN to the VALUE argument, which can
be expressed in any units that LaTeX understands, i.e., inches ('in'),
millimeters ('mm'), points ('pt'), big points ('bp', etc.
-15.2 \addtolength{\LEN}{AMOUNT}
+14.2 \addtolength{\LEN}{AMOUNT}
===============================
The '\addtolength' command increments a "length command" \LEN by the
amount specified in the AMOUNT argument, which may be negative.
-15.3 '\settodepth'
+14.3 '\settodepth'
==================
'\settodepth{\gnat}{text}'
@@ -2850,7 +2993,7 @@ amount specified in the AMOUNT argument, which may be negative.
The '\settodepth' command sets the value of a 'length' command equal
to the depth of the 'text' argument.
-15.4 '\settoheight'
+14.4 '\settoheight'
===================
'\settoheight{\gnat}{text}'
@@ -2858,13 +3001,13 @@ to the depth of the 'text' argument.
The '\settoheight' command sets the value of a 'length' command equal
to the height of the 'text' argument.
-15.5 '\settowidth{\LEN}{TEXT}'
+14.5 '\settowidth{\LEN}{TEXT}'
==============================
The '\settowidth' command sets the value of the command \LEN to the
width of the TEXT argument.
-15.6 Predefined lengths
+14.6 Predefined lengths
=======================
'\width'
@@ -2883,7 +3026,7 @@ size, e.g., say
'\makebox[2\width]{Get a stretcher}'
-16 Making paragraphs
+15 Making paragraphs
********************
A paragraph is ended by one or more completely blank lines--lines not
@@ -2891,7 +3034,7 @@ containing even a '%'. A blank line should not appear where a new
paragraph cannot be started, such as in math mode or in the argument of
a sectioning command.
-16.1 '\indent'
+15.1 '\indent'
==============
'\indent' produces a horizontal space whose width equals the width of
@@ -2902,20 +3045,20 @@ to add paragraph indentation where it would otherwise be suppressed.
otherwise '15pt' for '10pt' documents, '17pt' for '11pt', and '1.5em'
for '12pt'.
-16.2 '\noindent'
+15.2 '\noindent'
================
When used at the beginning of the paragraph, '\noindent' suppresses any
paragraph indentation. It has no effect when used in the middle of a
paragraph.
-16.3 '\parskip'
+15.3 '\parskip'
===============
'\parskip' is a rubber length defining extra vertical space added before
each paragraph. The default is '0pt plus1pt'.
-16.4 Marginal notes
+15.4 Marginal notes
===================
Synopsis:
@@ -2962,7 +3105,7 @@ hyphenation there by beginning the node with '\hspace{0pt}'.
The standard LaTeX routine for marginal notes does not prevent notes
from falling off the bottom of the page.
-17 Math formulas
+16 Math formulas
****************
There are three environments that put LaTeX in math mode:
@@ -2998,7 +3141,7 @@ formula to be that of 'displaymath', e.g., with limits above and below
summations. For example
$\displaystyle \sum_{n=0}^\infty x_n $
-17.1 Subscripts & superscripts
+16.1 Subscripts & superscripts
==============================
To get an expression exp to appear as a subscript, you just type
@@ -3007,7 +3150,7 @@ LaTeX handles superscripted superscripts and all of that stuff in the
natural way. It even does the right thing when something has both a
subscript and a superscript.
-17.2 Math symbols
+16.2 Math symbols
=================
LaTeX provides almost any mathematical symbol you're likely to need.
@@ -3643,7 +3786,7 @@ symbol (\pi) in your output.
'\zeta'
\zeta
-17.3 Math functions
+16.3 Math functions
===================
These commands produce roman function names in math mode with proper
@@ -3743,7 +3886,7 @@ spacing.
\sinh
'\sup'
- \sup
+ sup
'\tan'
\tan
@@ -3751,7 +3894,7 @@ spacing.
'\tanh'
\tanh
-17.4 Math accents
+16.4 Math accents
=================
LaTeX provides a variety of commands for producing accented letters in
@@ -3803,7 +3946,7 @@ Accents::).
'\widehat'
Math wide tilde accent: \widetilde{x+y}.
-17.5 Spacing in math mode
+16.5 Spacing in math mode
=========================
In a 'math' environment, LaTeX ignores the spaces you type and puts in
@@ -3821,7 +3964,7 @@ math mode:
'\!'
A negative thin space (-{1\over6}\,quad).
-17.6 Math miscellany
+16.6 Math miscellany
====================
'\*'
@@ -3848,7 +3991,7 @@ math mode:
\overbrace{x+\cdots+x}^{k \rm\;times}.
'\overline{TEXT}'
- Generates a horizontal line over TEX. For exampe, \overline{x+y}.
+ Generates a horizontal line over TEX. For example, \overline{x+y}.
'\sqrt[ROOT]{arg}'
Produces the representation of the square root of ARG. The
@@ -3871,7 +4014,7 @@ math mode:
'\vdots'
Produces a vertical ellipsis.
-18 Modes
+17 Modes
********
When LaTeX is processing your input text, it is always in one of three
@@ -3881,39 +4024,42 @@ modes:
* Math mode
* Left-to-right mode, called LR mode for short
- LaTeX changes mode only when it goes up or down a staircase to a
-different level, though not all level changes produce mode changes.
-Mode changes occur only when entering or leaving an environment, or when
-LaTeX is processing the argument of certain text-producing commands.
+ Mode changes occur only when entering or leaving an environment, or
+when LaTeX is processing the argument of certain text-producing
+commands.
"Paragraph mode" is the most common; it's the one LaTeX is in when
-processing ordinary text. In that mode, LaTeX breaks your text into
-lines and breaks the lines into pages. LaTeX is in "math mode" when
-it's generating a mathematical formula. In "LR mode", as in paragraph
-mode, LaTeX considers the output that it produces to be a string of
-words with spaces between them. However, unlike paragraph mode, LaTeX
-keeps going from left to right; it never starts a new line in LR mode.
-Even if you put a hundred words into an '\mbox', LaTeX would keep
-typesetting them from left to right inside a single box, and then
-complain because the resulting box was too wide to fit on the line.
-
- LaTeX is in LR mode when it starts making a box with an '\mbox'
-command. You can get it to enter a different mode inside the box - for
-example, you can make it enter math mode to put a formula in the box.
-There are also several text-producing commands and environments for
-making a box that put LaTeX in paragraph mode. The box make by one of
+processing ordinary text. In this mode, LaTeX breaks the input text
+into lines and breaks the lines into pages.
+
+ LaTeX is in "math mode" when it's generating a mathematical formula,
+either displayed math or within a line.
+
+ In "LR mode", as in paragraph mode, LaTeX considers the output that
+it produces to be a string of words with spaces between them. However,
+unlike paragraph mode, LaTeX keeps going from left to right; it never
+starts a new line in LR mode. Even if you put a hundred words into an
+'\mbox', LaTeX would keep typesetting them from left to right inside a
+single box (and then most likely complain because the resulting box was
+too wide to fit on the line). LaTeX is in LR mode when it starts making
+a box with an '\mbox' command. You can get it to enter a different mode
+inside the box--for example, you can make it enter math mode to put a
+formula in the box.
+
+ There are also several text-producing commands and environments for
+making a box that put LaTeX into paragraph mode. The box made by one of
these commands or environments will be called a 'parbox'. When LaTeX is
in paragraph mode while making a box, it is said to be in "inner
-paragraph mode". Its normal paragraph mode, which it starts out in, is
-called "outer paragraph mode".
+paragraph mode" (no page breaks). Its normal paragraph mode, which it
+starts out in, is called "outer paragraph mode".
-19 Page styles
+18 Page styles
**************
The '\documentclass' command determines the size and position of the
page's head and foot. The page style determines what goes in them.
-19.1 '\maketitle'
+18.1 '\maketitle'
=================
The '\maketitle' command generates a title on a separate title
@@ -3939,14 +4085,15 @@ obtained from the following declarations:
The '\title' command declares TEXT to be the title of the document.
Use '\\' to force a line break, as usual.
-19.2 '\pagenumbering'
+18.2 '\pagenumbering'
=====================
Synopsis:
\pagenumbering{STYLE}
- Specifies the style of page numbers, according to STYLE:
+ Specifies the style of page numbers, according to STYLE; also resets
+the page number to 1. The STYLE argument is one of the following:
'arabic'
arabic numerals
@@ -3963,7 +4110,7 @@ Synopsis:
'Alph'
uppercase letters
-19.3 '\pagestyle'
+18.3 '\pagestyle'
=================
Synopsis:
@@ -3999,14 +4146,14 @@ typeset from the current page onwards. Values for STYLE:
'\markright{RIGHT}'
Sets the right heading, leaving the left heading unchanged.
-19.4 '\thispagestyle{STYLE}'
+18.4 '\thispagestyle{STYLE}'
============================
The '\thispagestyle' command works in the same manner as the
'\pagestyle' command (see previous section) except that it changes to
STYLE for the current page only.
-20 Spaces
+19 Spaces
*********
LaTeX has many ways to produce white (or filled) space.
@@ -4015,7 +4162,7 @@ LaTeX has many ways to produce white (or filled) space.
(usually 1/6quad). It can be used in text mode, but is more often
useful in math mode (*note Spacing in math mode::).
-20.1 '\hspace'
+19.1 '\hspace'
==============
Synopsis:
@@ -4030,7 +4177,7 @@ with an '\hspace' command; adding negative space is like backspacing.
LaTeX normally removes horizontal space that comes at the beginning
or end of a line. To preserve this space, use the optional '*' form.
-20.2 '\hfill'
+19.2 '\hfill'
=============
The '\hfill' fill command produces a "rubber length" which has no
@@ -4040,19 +4187,19 @@ natural space but can stretch or shrink horizontally as far as needed.
glue value '0pt plus1fill'); thus, '\hspace\fill' is equivalent to
'\hfill'.
-20.3 '\SPACE'
-=============
+19.3 '\SPACE': Normal interword space
+=====================================
The '\ ' (space) command produces a normal interword space. It's useful
-after punctuation which shouldn't end a sentence. For example 'Knuth's
+after punctuation which shouldn't end a sentence. For example, 'the
article in Proc.\ Amer.\ Math\. Soc.\ is fundamental'. It is also often
used after control sequences, as in '\TeX\ is a nice system.'
In normal circumstances, '\'<tab> and '\'<newline> are equivalent to
'\ '.
-20.4 '\@'
-=========
+19.4 '\@': Force sentence-ending punctuation
+============================================
The '\@' command makes the following punctuation character end a
sentence even if it normally would not. This is typically used after a
@@ -4066,14 +4213,15 @@ produces
... in C. Pascal, though ...
... in C. Pascal, though ...
-20.5 '\thinspace'
-=================
+19.5 '\thinspace': Insert 1/6em
+===============================
'\thinspace' produces an unbreakable and unstretchable space that is 1/6
-of an em. This is the proper space to use in nested quotes, as in '".
+of an em. This is the proper space to use between nested quotes, as in
+'".
-20.6 '\/'
-=========
+19.6 '\/': Insert italic correction
+===================================
The '\/' command produces an "italic correction". This is a small space
defined by the font designer for a given character, to avoid the
@@ -4086,24 +4234,31 @@ very small height. However, with semicolons or colons, as well as
normal letters, it can help. Compare f: f; (in the TeX output, the 'f's
are nicely separated) with f: f;.
+ When changing fonts with commands such as '\textit{italic text}' or
+'{\itshape italic text}', LaTeX will automatically insert an italic
+correction if appropriate (*note Font styles::).
+
Despite the name, roman characters can also have an italic
correction. Compare pdfTeX (in the TeX output, there is a small space
after the 'f') with pdfTeX.
-20.7 '\hrulefill'
+ There is no concept of italic correction in math mode; spacing is
+done in a different way.
+
+19.7 '\hrulefill'
=================
The '\hrulefill' fill command produces a "rubber length" which can
stretch or shrink horizontally. It will be filled with a horizontal
rule.
-20.8 '\dotfill'
+19.8 '\dotfill'
===============
The '\dotfill' command produces a "rubber length" that fills with dots
instead of just white space.
-20.9 '\addvspace'
+19.9 '\addvspace'
=================
'\addvspace{length}'
@@ -4111,36 +4266,38 @@ instead of just white space.
The '\addvspace' command normally adds a vertical space of height
length. However, if vertical space has already been added to the same
point in the output by a previous '\addvspace' command, then this
-command will not add more space than needed to make the natural length
-of the total vertical space equal to 'length'.
+command will not add more space than is needed to make the natural
+length of the total vertical space equal to 'length'.
-20.10 '\bigskip \medskip \smallskip'
+19.10 '\bigskip \medskip \smallskip'
====================================
-These commands produce a given amount of space.
+These commands produce a given amount of space, specified by the
+document class.
'\bigskip'
- The same as '\vspace{bigskipamount}', ordinarily about one line
- space (with stretch and shrink).
+ The same as '\vspace{\bigskipamount}', ordinarily about one line
+ space, with stretch and shrink (the default for the 'book' and
+ 'article' classes is '12pt plus 4pt minus 4pt').
'\medskip'
- The same as '\vspace{medskipamount}', ordinarily about half of a
- line space (with stretch and shrink).
+ The same as '\vspace{\medskipamount}', ordinarily about half of a
+ line space, with stretch and shrink (the default for the 'book' and
+ 'article' classes is '6pt plus 2pt minus 2pt').
'\smallskip'
- The same as '\vspace{smallskipamount}', ordinarily about a quarter
- of a line space (with stretch and shrink).
-
- The '\...amount' parameters are determined by the document class.
+ The same as '\vspace{\smallskipamount}', ordinarily about a quarter
+ of a line space, with stretch and shrink (the default for the
+ 'book' and 'article' classes is '3pt plus 1pt minus 1pt').
-20.11 '\vfill'
+19.11 '\vfill'
==============
The '\vfill' fill command produces a rubber length (glue) which can
stretch or shrink vertically as far as needed. It's equivalent to
'\vspace{\fill}' (*note \hfill::).
-20.12 '\vspace[*]{LENGTH}'
+19.12 '\vspace[*]{LENGTH}'
==========================
Synopsis:
@@ -4154,20 +4311,20 @@ length. LENGTH can be negative or positive.
top or bottom of a page. With the optional '*' argument, the space is
not removed.
-21 Boxes
+20 Boxes
********
All the predefined length parameters (*note Predefined lengths::) can be
used in the arguments of the box-making commands.
-21.1 '\mbox{TEXT}'
+20.1 '\mbox{TEXT}'
==================
The '\mbox' command creates a box just wide enough to hold the text
created by its argument. The TEXT is not broken into lines, so it can
be used to prevent hyphenation.
-21.2 '\fbox' and '\framebox'
+20.2 '\fbox' and '\framebox'
============================
Synopses:
@@ -4189,7 +4346,7 @@ rule and the contents of the box.
*Note \framebox (picture)::, for the '\framebox' command in the
'picture' environment.
-21.3 'lrbox'
+20.3 'lrbox'
============
'\begin{lrbox}{cmd} text \end{lrbox}'
@@ -4199,7 +4356,7 @@ rule and the contents of the box.
The text inside the environment is saved in the box 'cmd', which must
have been declared with '\newsavebox'.
-21.4 '\makebox'
+20.4 '\makebox'
===============
Synopsis:
@@ -4224,7 +4381,7 @@ optional POSITION argument, which may take the following values:
'\makebox' is also used within the picture environment *note \makebox
(picture)::.
-21.5 '\parbox'
+20.5 '\parbox'
==============
Synopsis:
@@ -4264,7 +4421,7 @@ box, as follows; if it is not specified, POSITION is used.
stretch vertically; the text must contain vertically stretchable
space for this to work.
-21.6 '\raisebox'
+20.6 '\raisebox'
================
Synopsis:
@@ -4280,7 +4437,7 @@ specified, LaTeX treats TEXT as extending a certain distance above the
baseline (height) or below (depth), ignoring its natural height and
depth.
-21.7 '\savebox'
+20.7 '\savebox'
===============
Synopsis:
@@ -4292,7 +4449,7 @@ Synopsis:
it in the box labeled \BOXCMD, which must have been declared with
'\newsavebox' (*note \newsavebox::).
-21.8 '\sbox{\BOXCMD}{TEXT}'
+20.8 '\sbox{\BOXCMD}{TEXT}'
===========================
Synopsis:
@@ -4304,8 +4461,8 @@ except that instead of the resulting box being included in the normal
output, it is saved in the box labeled \BOXCMD. \BOXCMD must have been
previously declared with '\newsavebox' (*note \newsavebox::).
-21.9 '\usebox{\BOXCMD'
-======================
+20.9 '\usebox{\BOXCMD}'
+=======================
Synopsis:
@@ -4314,13 +4471,13 @@ Synopsis:
'\usebox' produces the box most recently saved in the bin \BOXCMD by
a '\savebox' command (*note \savebox::).
-22 Special insertions
+21 Special insertions
*********************
LaTeX provides commands for inserting characters that have a special
meaning do not correspond to simple characters you can type.
-22.1 Reserved characters
+21.1 Reserved characters
========================
The following characters play a special role in LaTeX and are called
@@ -4351,7 +4508,7 @@ decimal 32, so it can be typed as '\symbol{32}'.
with '"', so the previous example could also be written as
'\symbol{'40}' or '\symbol{"20}'.
-22.2 Text symbols
+21.2 Text symbols
=================
LaTeX provides commands to generate a number of non-letter symbols in
@@ -4371,6 +4528,9 @@ available in OT1; you may need to load the 'textcomp' package.
'\LaTeX'
The LaTeX logo.
+'\LaTeXe'
+ The LaTeX2e logo.
+
'\guillemotleft (<<)'
'\guillemotright (>>)'
'\guilsinglleft (<)'
@@ -4486,7 +4646,7 @@ available in OT1; you may need to load the 'textcomp' package.
Centered period: \cdot.
'\textquestiondown (or '?`')'
- Upside down questionation point: ?.
+ Upside down question mark: ?.
'\textquotedblleft (or '``')'
Double left quote: ".
@@ -4525,7 +4685,7 @@ available in OT1; you may need to load the 'textcomp' package.
'\textvisiblespace'
Visible space symbol.
-22.3 Accents
+21.3 Accents
============
LaTeX has wide support for many of the world's scripts and languages,
@@ -4619,7 +4779,7 @@ capital letters. These are not available with OT1.
'\capitalcaron'
Produces a ha'c<ek (check, caron) accent, as in 'o<'.
-22.4 Non-English characters
+21.4 Non-English characters
===========================
Here are the basic LaTeX commands for inserting characters commonly used
@@ -4639,7 +4799,7 @@ in languages other than English.
'\dj'
'\DJ'
- xxxx
+ Crossed d and D, a.k.a. capital and small letter d with stroke.
'\ij'
'\IJ'
@@ -4651,7 +4811,7 @@ in languages other than English.
'\ng'
'\NG'
- xxxx
+ Latin letter eng, also used in phonetics.
'\o'
'\O'
@@ -4669,7 +4829,7 @@ in languages other than English.
'\TH'
Icelandic letter thorn: th and TH.
-22.5 '\rule'
+21.5 '\rule'
============
Synopsis:
@@ -4688,7 +4848,7 @@ WIDTH
THICKNESS
The thickness of the rule (mandatory).
-22.6 '\today'
+21.6 '\today'
=============
The '\today' command produces today's date, in the format 'MONTH DD,
@@ -4699,7 +4859,7 @@ It is not updated as the program runs.
The 'datetime' package, among others, can produce a wide variety of
other date formats.
-23 Splitting the input
+22 Splitting the input
**********************
A large document requires a lot of input. Rather than putting the whole
@@ -4711,7 +4871,7 @@ when you run LaTeX.
*Note filecontents::, for an environment that allows bundling an
external file to be created with the main document.
-23.1 '\include'
+22.1 '\include'
===============
Synopsis:
@@ -4729,7 +4889,7 @@ section.
The '\include' command may not appear in the preamble or in a file
read by another '\include' command.
-23.2 \'includeonly'
+22.2 \'includeonly'
===================
Synopsis:
@@ -4743,7 +4903,7 @@ comma-separated. Each FILE must exactly match a filename specified in a
This command can only appear in the preamble.
-23.3 \input
+22.3 \input
===========
Synopsis:
@@ -4758,10 +4918,10 @@ that point.
first tried with that extension ('foo.tex' or 'foo.bar.tex'). If that
is not found, the original FILE is tried ('foo' or 'foo.bar').
-24 Front/back matter
+23 Front/back matter
********************
-24.1 Tables of contents
+23.1 Tables of contents
=======================
A table of contents is produced with the '\tableofcontents' command.
@@ -4775,13 +4935,14 @@ of contents, write a '\newpage' command after the '\tableofcontents'
command.
The analogous commands '\listoffigures' and '\listoftables' produce a
-list of figures and a list of tables, respectively. Everything works
-exactly the same as for the table of contents.
+list of figures and a list of tables (from '.lof' and '.lot' files),
+respectively. Everything works exactly the same as for the table of
+contents.
The command '\nofiles' overrides these commands, and _prevents_ any
of these lists from being generated.
-24.1.1 \addcontentsline
+23.1.1 \addcontentsline
-----------------------
The '\addcontentsline'{EXT}{UNIT}{TEXT} command adds an entry to the
@@ -4805,12 +4966,12 @@ UNIT
For the list of tables.
ENTRY
- The actual text of the entry.
+ The text of the entry.
What is written to the '.EXT' file is the command
'\contentsline{UNIT}{NAME}'.
-24.1.2 \addtocontents
+23.1.2 \addtocontents
---------------------
The '\addtocontents'{EXT}{TEXT} command adds text (or formatting
@@ -4818,14 +4979,14 @@ commands) directly to the '.EXT' file that generates the table of
contents or lists of figures or tables.
EXT
- The extension of the file on which information is to be written:
- 'toc' (table of contents), 'lof' (list of figures), or 'lot' (list
- of tables).
+ The extension of the file on which information is to be written,
+ typically one of: 'toc' (table of contents), 'lof' (list of
+ figures), or 'lot' (list of tables).
TEXT
The text to be written.
-24.2 Glossaries
+23.2 Glossaries
===============
The command '\makeglossary' enables creating glossaries.
@@ -4840,7 +5001,7 @@ value.
The 'glossary' package on CTAN provides support for fancier
glossaries.
-24.3 Indexes
+23.3 Indexes
============
The command '\makeindex' enables creating indexes. Put this in the
@@ -4880,7 +5041,7 @@ the index.
FAQ entry on this topic,
<http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=multind>.
-25 Letters
+24 Letters
**********
You can use LaTeX to typeset letters, both personal and business. The
@@ -4916,7 +5077,7 @@ separate the items.
These commands are used with the 'letter' class.
-25.1 \address{RETURN-ADDRESS}
+24.1 \address{RETURN-ADDRESS}
=============================
The '\address' specifies the return address of a letter, as it should
@@ -4924,12 +5085,12 @@ appear on the letter and the envelope. Separate lines of the address
should be separated by '\\' commands.
If you do not make an '\address' declaration, then the letter will be
-formatted for copying onto your organisation's standard letterhead.
+formatted for copying onto your organization's standard letterhead.
(*Note Overview::, for details on your local implementation). If you
give an '\address' declaration, then the letter will be formatted as a
personal letter.
-25.2 '\cc'
+24.2 '\cc'
==========
Synopsis:
@@ -4939,7 +5100,7 @@ Synopsis:
Produce a list of NAMEs the letter was copied to. Each name is
printed on a separate line.
-25.3 '\closing'
+24.3 '\closing'
===============
Synopsis:
@@ -4949,7 +5110,7 @@ Synopsis:
A letter closes with a '\closing' command, for example,
\closing{Best Regards,}
-25.4 '\encl'
+24.4 '\encl'
============
Synopsis:
@@ -4958,15 +5119,15 @@ Synopsis:
Declare a list of one more enclosures.
-25.5 '\location'
+24.5 '\location'
================
'\location{address}'
- This modifies your organisation's standard address. This only
+ This modifies your organization's standard address. This only
appears if the 'firstpage' pagestyle is selected.
-25.6 '\makelabels'
+24.6 '\makelabels'
==================
'\makelabels{number}'
@@ -4974,7 +5135,7 @@ appears if the 'firstpage' pagestyle is selected.
If you issue this command in the preamble, LaTeX will create a sheet
of address labels. This sheet will be output before the letters.
-25.7 '\name'
+24.7 '\name'
============
'\name{June Davenport}'
@@ -4982,7 +5143,7 @@ of address labels. This sheet will be output before the letters.
Your name, used for printing on the envelope together with the return
address.
-25.8 '\opening{TEXT}'
+24.8 '\opening{TEXT}'
=====================
Synopsis:
@@ -4994,33 +5155,33 @@ TEXT, is whatever text you wish to start your letter. For instance:
\opening{Dear Joe,}
-25.9 '\ps'
+24.9 '\ps'
==========
Use the '\ps' command to start a postscript in a letter, after
'\closing'.
-25.10 '\signature{TEXT}'
+24.10 '\signature{TEXT}'
========================
Your name, as it should appear at the end of the letter underneath the
space for your signature. '\\' starts a new line within TEXT as usual.
-25.11 '\startbreaks'
+24.11 '\startbreaks'
====================
'\startbreaks'
Used after a '\stopbreaks' command to allow page breaks again.
-25.12 '\stopbreaks'
+24.12 '\stopbreaks'
===================
'\stopbreaks'
Inhibit page breaks until a '\startbreaks' command occurs.
-25.13 '\telephone'
+24.13 '\telephone'
==================
'\telephone{number}'
@@ -5028,10 +5189,10 @@ space for your signature. '\\' starts a new line within TEXT as usual.
This is your telephone number. This only appears if the 'firstpage'
pagestyle is selected.
-26 Terminal input/output
+25 Terminal input/output
************************
-26.1 '\typein[CMD]{MSG}'
+25.1 '\typein[CMD]{MSG}'
========================
Synopsis:
@@ -5045,7 +5206,7 @@ had been included in the input file in place of the '\typein' command.
If the \CMD argument is present, it must be a command name. This
command name is then defined or redefined to be the typed input.
-26.2 '\typeout{MSG}'
+25.2 '\typeout{MSG}'
====================
Synopsis:
@@ -5061,53 +5222,39 @@ and ignoring spaces after a command name apply to 'msg'. A '\space'
command in 'msg' causes a single space to be printed, independent of
surrounding spaces. A '^^J' in 'msg' prints a newline.
-27 Command line
+26 Command line
***************
The input file specification indicates the file to be formatted; TeX
uses '.tex' as a default file extension. If you omit the input file
-entirely, TeX accepts input from the terminal. You specify command
-options by supplying a string as a parameter to the command; e.g.
+entirely, TeX accepts input from the terminal. You can also specify
+arbitrary LaTeX input by starting with a backslash. For example, this
+processes 'foo.tex' without pausing after every error:
latex '\nonstopmode\input foo.tex'
-will process 'foo.tex' without pausing after every error.
+ With many, but not all, implementations, command-line options can
+also be specified in the usual Unix way, starting with '-' or '--'. For
+a list of those options, try 'latex --help'.
If LaTeX stops in the middle of the document and gives you a '*'
prompt, it is waiting for input. You can type '\stop' (and return) and
it will prematurely end the document.
+ *Note TeX engines::, for other system commands invoking LaTeX.
+
Appendix A Document templates
*****************************
Although not reference material, perhaps these document templates will
-be useful. Additional template resources are listed
+be useful. Additional template resources are listed at
<http://tug.org/interest.html#latextemplates>.
-A.1 'book' template
-===================
-
-\documentclass{book}
-\title{Book Class Template}
-\author{Alex Author}
-
-\begin{document}
-\maketitle
-
-\chapter{First}
-Some text.
-
-\chapter{Second}
-Some other text.
-
-\section{A subtopic}
-The end.
-\end{document}
-
-A.2 'beamer' template
+A.1 'beamer' template
=====================
-The 'beamer' class creates slides presentations.
+The 'beamer' class creates presentation slides. It has a vast array of
+features, but here is a basic template:
\documentclass{beamer}
@@ -5134,6 +5281,26 @@ The 'beamer' class creates slides presentations.
One web resource for this:
<http://robjhyndman.com/hyndsight/beamer/>.
+A.2 'book' template
+===================
+
+\documentclass{book}
+\title{Book Class Template}
+\author{Alex Author}
+
+\begin{document}
+\maketitle
+
+\chapter{First}
+Some text.
+
+\chapter{Second}
+Some other text.
+
+\section{A subtopic}
+The end.
+\end{document}
+
A.3 'tugboat' template
======================
@@ -5170,8 +5337,8 @@ This is an example article for \TUB{}.
This is an example article for \TUB, from
\url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/location.html}.
-We recommend the graphicx package for image inclusions, and the
-hyperref package for active url's (in the \acro{PDF} output).
+We recommend the \texttt{graphicx} package for image inclusions, and the
+\texttt{hyperref} package for active urls in the \acro{PDF} output.
Nowadays \TUB\ is produced using \acro{PDF} files exclusively.
The \texttt{ltugboat} class provides these abbreviations and many more:
@@ -5217,1509 +5384,1606 @@ Concept Index
* Menu:
-* '*' prompt: Command line. (line 5079)
+* '*' prompt: Command line. (line 5243)
* *-form of defining new commands: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 2550)
+ (line 2690)
* *-form of environment commands: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
- (line 2627)
-* *-form of sectioning commands: Sectioning. (line 843)
-* '.glo' file: Glossaries. (line 4836)
-* '.idx' file: Indexes. (line 4852)
-* '.ind' file: Indexes. (line 4866)
-* 'see' and 'see also' index entries: Indexes. (line 4859)
-* abstracts: abstract. (line 940)
-* accents: Accents. (line 4534)
-* accents, mathematical: Math accents. (line 3760)
+ (line 2769)
+* *-form of sectioning commands: Sectioning. (line 974)
+* '.glo' file: Glossaries. (line 4997)
+* '.idx' file: Indexes. (line 5013)
+* '.ind' file: Indexes. (line 5027)
+* 'see' and 'see also' index entries: Indexes. (line 5020)
+* abstracts: abstract. (line 1072)
+* accents: Accents. (line 4694)
+* accents, mathematical: Math accents. (line 3903)
* accessing any character of a font: Reserved characters.
- (line 4348)
-* acute accent: Accents. (line 4548)
-* acute accent, math: Math accents. (line 3765)
+ (line 4505)
+* acute accent: Accents. (line 4708)
+* acute accent, math: Math accents. (line 3908)
+* additional packages, loading: Document class options.
+ (line 559)
* ae ligature: Non-English characters.
- (line 4637)
-* align environment, from 'amsmath': eqnarray. (line 1120)
-* aligning equations: eqnarray. (line 1120)
-* alignment via tabbing: tabbing. (line 1834)
-* amsmath package, replacing 'eqnarray': eqnarray. (line 1120)
-* appendix, creating: Sectioning. (line 849)
+ (line 4797)
+* align environment, from 'amsmath': eqnarray. (line 1253)
+* aligning equations: eqnarray. (line 1253)
+* alignment via tabbing: tabbing. (line 1974)
+* amsmath package, replacing 'eqnarray': eqnarray. (line 1253)
+* appendix, creating: Sectioning. (line 980)
* aring: Non-English characters.
- (line 4633)
-* arrays, math: array. (line 951)
-* arrow, left, in text: Text symbols. (line 4482)
-* arrow, right, in text: Text symbols. (line 4514)
-* ascender height: Text symbols. (line 4450)
-* ASCII circumflex, in text: Text symbols. (line 4415)
-* ASCII tilde, in text: Text symbols. (line 4418)
-* asterisk, centered, in text: Text symbols. (line 4421)
-* author, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 3928)
-* auxiliary file: Overview. (line 320)
-* backslash, in text: Text symbols. (line 4424)
-* bar, double vertical, in text: Text symbols. (line 4430)
-* bar, vertical, in text: Text symbols. (line 4427)
-* bar-over accent: Accents. (line 4557)
-* bar-over accent, math: Math accents. (line 3768)
-* bar-under accent: Accents. (line 4574)
-* basics of LaTeX: Overview. (line 283)
-* bibliography, creating (automatically): Using BibTeX. (line 2177)
-* bibliography, creating (manually): thebibliography. (line 2113)
-* bibTeX, using: Using BibTeX. (line 2177)
-* big circle symbols, in text: Text symbols. (line 4433)
+ (line 4793)
+* arrays, math: array. (line 1083)
+* arrow, left, in text: Text symbols. (line 4642)
+* arrow, right, in text: Text symbols. (line 4674)
+* ascender height: Text symbols. (line 4610)
+* ASCII circumflex, in text: Text symbols. (line 4575)
+* ASCII tilde, in text: Text symbols. (line 4578)
+* asterisk, centered, in text: Text symbols. (line 4581)
+* author, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 4074)
+* auxiliary file: Output files. (line 370)
+* 'babel' package: Accents. (line 4694)
+* backslash, in text: Text symbols. (line 4584)
+* bar, double vertical, in text: Text symbols. (line 4590)
+* bar, vertical, in text: Text symbols. (line 4587)
+* bar-over accent: Accents. (line 4717)
+* bar-over accent, math: Math accents. (line 3911)
+* bar-under accent: Accents. (line 4734)
+* basics of LaTeX: Overview. (line 290)
+* 'beamer' template and class: beamer template. (line 5259)
+* bibliography format, open: Document class options.
+ (line 526)
+* bibliography, creating (automatically): Using BibTeX. (line 2317)
+* bibliography, creating (manually): thebibliography. (line 2253)
+* bibTeX, using: Using BibTeX. (line 2317)
+* big circle symbols, in text: Text symbols. (line 4593)
* black boxes, omitting: Document class options.
- (line 393)
-* bold font: Font styles. (line 547)
-* bold math: Font styles. (line 527)
-* bold typewriter, avoiding: description. (line 1045)
-* boxes: Boxes. (line 4163)
-* brace, left, in text: Text symbols. (line 4436)
-* brace, right, in text: Text symbols. (line 4439)
-* breaking lines: Line breaking. (line 2297)
-* breaking pages: Page breaking. (line 2398)
-* breve accent: Accents. (line 4613)
-* breve accent, math: Math accents. (line 3771)
+ (line 512)
+* bold font: Font styles. (line 678)
+* bold math: Font styles. (line 658)
+* bold typewriter, avoiding: description. (line 1178)
+* boxes: Boxes. (line 4320)
+* brace, left, in text: Text symbols. (line 4596)
+* brace, right, in text: Text symbols. (line 4599)
+* breaking lines: Line breaking. (line 2437)
+* breaking pages: Page breaking. (line 2538)
+* breve accent: Accents. (line 4773)
+* breve accent, math: Math accents. (line 3914)
* bug reporting: About this document.
- (line 253)
-* bullet symbol: Math symbols. (line 3097)
-* bullet, in text: Text symbols. (line 4442)
-* bulleted lists: itemize. (line 1374)
-* calligraphic letters for math: Font styles. (line 550)
-* cap height: Text symbols. (line 4450)
-* caron accent: Accents. (line 4623)
-* case sensitivity of LaTeX: Overview. (line 332)
-* cc list, in letters: \cc. (line 4938)
-* cedilla accent: Accents. (line 4578)
-* centered asterisk, in text: Text symbols. (line 4421)
-* centered period, in text: Text symbols. (line 4489)
-* centering text, declaration for: \centering. (line 1010)
-* centering text, environment for: center. (line 996)
-* characters, accented: Accents. (line 4534)
+ (line 247)
+* bullet symbol: Math symbols. (line 3240)
+* bullet, in text: Text symbols. (line 4602)
+* bulleted lists: itemize. (line 1511)
+* calligraphic letters for math: Font styles. (line 681)
+* cap height: Text symbols. (line 4610)
+* caron accent: Accents. (line 4783)
+* cc list, in letters: \cc. (line 5099)
+* cedilla accent: Accents. (line 4738)
+* centered asterisk, in text: Text symbols. (line 4581)
+* centered equations: Document class options.
+ (line 516)
+* centered period, in text: Text symbols. (line 4649)
+* centering text, declaration for: \centering. (line 1143)
+* centering text, environment for: center. (line 1129)
+* characters, accented: Accents. (line 4694)
* characters, non-English: Non-English characters.
- (line 4628)
+ (line 4788)
* characters, reserved: Reserved characters.
- (line 4329)
-* check accent: Accents. (line 4623)
-* check accent, math: Math accents. (line 3774)
-* circle symbol, big, in text: Text symbols. (line 4433)
-* circled letter, in text: Text symbols. (line 4445)
-* circumflex accent: Accents. (line 4561)
-* circumflex accent, math: Math accents. (line 3786)
-* circumflex, ASCII, in text: Text symbols. (line 4415)
+ (line 4486)
+* check accent: Accents. (line 4783)
+* check accent, math: Math accents. (line 3917)
+* circle symbol, big, in text: Text symbols. (line 4593)
+* circled letter, in text: Text symbols. (line 4605)
+* circumflex accent: Accents. (line 4721)
+* circumflex accent, math: Math accents. (line 3929)
+* circumflex, ASCII, in text: Text symbols. (line 4575)
* class options: Document class options.
- (line 372)
-* classes of documents: Document classes. (line 355)
-* closing letters: \closing. (line 4948)
-* closing quote: Text symbols. (line 4406)
-* code, typesetting: verbatim. (line 2244)
-* command line: Command line. (line 5070)
+ (line 490)
+* classes of documents: Document classes. (line 459)
+* closing letters: \closing. (line 5109)
+* closing quote: Text symbols. (line 4566)
+* code, typesetting: verbatim. (line 2384)
+* command line: Command line. (line 5231)
+* command syntax: LaTeX command syntax.
+ (line 435)
* commands, defining new ones: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 2543)
-* composite word mark, in text: Text symbols. (line 4450)
-* computer programs, typesetting: verbatim. (line 2244)
-* copyright symbol: Text symbols. (line 4366)
-* counters, a list of: Counters. (line 2720)
-* counters, defining new: \newcounter. (line 2579)
-* counters, getting value of: \value. (line 2778)
-* counters, setting: \setcounter. (line 2792)
-* creating letters: Letters. (line 4889)
-* creating pictures: picture. (line 1546)
-* creating tables: table. (line 1925)
-* credit footnote: \maketitle. (line 3938)
-* cross references: Cross references. (line 870)
-* cross referencing with page number: \pageref. (line 908)
-* cross referencing, symbolic: \ref. (line 918)
-* currency, dollar: Text symbols. (line 4461)
-* currency, euro: Text symbols. (line 4470)
-* dagger, double, in text: Text symbols. (line 4458)
-* dagger, in text: Text symbols. (line 4369)
-* dagger, in text <1>: Text symbols. (line 4455)
-* date, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 3934)
-* 'datetime' package: \today. (line 4702)
+ (line 2683)
+* composite word mark, in text: Text symbols. (line 4610)
+* computer programs, typesetting: verbatim. (line 2384)
+* contents file: Output files. (line 380)
+* copyright symbol: Text symbols. (line 4523)
+* counters, a list of: Counters. (line 2862)
+* counters, defining new: \newcounter. (line 2721)
+* counters, getting value of: \value. (line 2921)
+* counters, setting: \setcounter. (line 2935)
+* creating letters: Letters. (line 5050)
+* creating pictures: picture. (line 1683)
+* creating tables: table. (line 2065)
+* credit footnote: \maketitle. (line 4084)
+* cross references: Cross references. (line 1001)
+* cross references, resolving: Output files. (line 370)
+* cross referencing with page number: \pageref. (line 1040)
+* cross referencing, symbolic: \ref. (line 1050)
+* currency, dollar: Text symbols. (line 4621)
+* currency, euro: Text symbols. (line 4630)
+* dagger, double, in text: Text symbols. (line 4618)
+* dagger, in text: Text symbols. (line 4526)
+* dagger, in text <1>: Text symbols. (line 4615)
+* date, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 4080)
+* 'datetime' package: \today. (line 4862)
* defining a new command: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 2543)
+ (line 2683)
* defining new environments: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
- (line 2618)
-* defining new fonts: \newfont. (line 2685)
-* defining new theorems: \newtheorem. (line 2657)
-* definitions: Definitions. (line 2538)
-* description lists, creating: description. (line 1033)
-* dieresis accent: Accents. (line 4544)
-* discretionary multiplication: Math miscellany. (line 3831)
+ (line 2760)
+* defining new fonts: \newfont. (line 2827)
+* defining new theorems: \newtheorem. (line 2799)
+* definitions: Definitions. (line 2678)
+* description lists, creating: description. (line 1166)
+* dieresis accent: Accents. (line 4704)
+* discretionary multiplication: Math miscellany. (line 3974)
* displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation: quotation.
- (line 1804)
+ (line 1944)
* displaying quoted text without paragraph indentation: quote.
- (line 1819)
+ (line 1959)
* document class options: Document class options.
- (line 372)
-* document classes: Document classes. (line 355)
-* document templates: Document templates. (line 5086)
-* dollar sign: Text symbols. (line 4461)
-* dot accent: Accents. (line 4553)
-* dot over accent, math: Math accents. (line 3780)
-* dot-over accent: Accents. (line 4553)
-* dot-under accent: Accents. (line 4582)
-* dotless i: Accents. (line 4590)
-* dotless i, math: Math accents. (line 3789)
-* dotless j: Accents. (line 4593)
-* dotless j, math: Math accents. (line 3792)
-* double angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 4381)
-* double dagger, in text: Text symbols. (line 4372)
-* double dagger, in text <1>: Text symbols. (line 4458)
-* double dot accent, math: Math accents. (line 3777)
-* double guillemets: Text symbols. (line 4381)
-* double left quote: Text symbols. (line 4495)
-* double low-9 quotation mark: Text symbols. (line 4403)
-* double quote, straight base: Text symbols. (line 4508)
-* double right quote: Text symbols. (line 4498)
+ (line 490)
+* document class, defined: Starting and ending.
+ (line 324)
+* document classes: Document classes. (line 459)
+* document templates: Document templates. (line 5252)
+* dollar sign: Text symbols. (line 4621)
+* dot accent: Accents. (line 4713)
+* dot over accent, math: Math accents. (line 3923)
+* dot-over accent: Accents. (line 4713)
+* dot-under accent: Accents. (line 4742)
+* dotless i: Accents. (line 4750)
+* dotless i, math: Math accents. (line 3932)
+* dotless j: Accents. (line 4753)
+* dotless j, math: Math accents. (line 3935)
+* double angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 4541)
+* double dagger, in text: Text symbols. (line 4529)
+* double dagger, in text <1>: Text symbols. (line 4618)
+* double dot accent, math: Math accents. (line 3920)
+* double guillemets: Text symbols. (line 4541)
+* double left quote: Text symbols. (line 4655)
+* double low-9 quotation mark: Text symbols. (line 4563)
+* double quote, straight base: Text symbols. (line 4668)
+* double right quote: Text symbols. (line 4658)
* double spacing: Low-level font commands.
- (line 655)
-* double vertical bar, in text: Text symbols. (line 4430)
-* e-dash: Text symbols. (line 4467)
-* ellipsis: Text symbols. (line 4387)
-* em-dash: Text symbols. (line 4464)
-* em-dash, three-quarters: Text symbols. (line 4517)
-* em-dash, two-thirds: Text symbols. (line 4523)
-* emphasis: Font styles. (line 479)
-* emphasis <1>: Font styles. (line 553)
-* enclosure list: \encl. (line 4958)
-* ending & starting: Starting & ending. (line 338)
-* enlarge current page: \enlargethispage. (line 2425)
-* environments: Environments. (line 930)
+ (line 786)
+* double vertical bar, in text: Text symbols. (line 4590)
+* e-dash: Text symbols. (line 4627)
+* e-TeX: TeX engines. (line 395)
+* ellipsis: Text symbols. (line 4547)
+* em-dash: Text symbols. (line 4624)
+* em-dash, three-quarters: Text symbols. (line 4677)
+* em-dash, two-thirds: Text symbols. (line 4683)
+* emphasis: Font styles. (line 610)
+* emphasis <1>: Font styles. (line 684)
+* enclosure list: \encl. (line 5119)
+* ending & starting: Starting and ending.
+ (line 316)
+* engines, TeX: TeX engines. (line 389)
+* enlarge current page: \enlargethispage. (line 2565)
+* environments: Environments. (line 1062)
* environments, defining: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
- (line 2618)
-* equation number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 918)
-* equation numbers, omitting: eqnarray. (line 1143)
-* equations, aligning: eqnarray. (line 1120)
-* equations, environment for: equation. (line 1155)
+ (line 2760)
+* equation number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 1050)
+* equation numbers, left vs. right: Document class options.
+ (line 522)
+* equation numbers, omitting: eqnarray. (line 1276)
+* equations, aligning: eqnarray. (line 1253)
+* equations, environment for: equation. (line 1288)
+* equations, flush left vs. centered: Document class options.
+ (line 516)
* es-zet German letter: Non-English characters.
- (line 4669)
+ (line 4829)
* eth, Icelandic letter: Non-English characters.
- (line 4641)
-* euro symbol: Text symbols. (line 4470)
-* exclamation point, upside-down: Text symbols. (line 4473)
+ (line 4801)
+* euro symbol: Text symbols. (line 4630)
+* exclamation point, upside-down: Text symbols. (line 4633)
* exponent: Subscripts & superscripts.
- (line 3007)
-* external files, creating: filecontents. (line 1279)
-* feminine ordinal symbol: Text symbols. (line 4486)
-* figure number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 918)
-* figures, footnotes in: minipage. (line 1533)
-* figures, inserting: figure. (line 1168)
-* fixed-width font: Font styles. (line 571)
-* 'float' package: figure. (line 1196)
-* 'float' package <1>: figure. (line 1200)
-* flushing floats and starting a page: \clearpage. (line 2413)
+ (line 3150)
+* external files, creating: filecontents. (line 1416)
+* feminine ordinal symbol: Text symbols. (line 4646)
+* figure number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 1050)
+* figures, footnotes in: minipage. (line 1670)
+* figures, inserting: figure. (line 1301)
+* fixed-width font: Font styles. (line 702)
+* 'float' package: figure. (line 1333)
+* flush left equations: Document class options.
+ (line 516)
+* flushing floats and starting a page: \clearpage. (line 2553)
* font commands, low-level: Low-level font commands.
- (line 609)
-* font sizes: Font sizes. (line 583)
-* font styles: Font styles. (line 455)
-* fonts: Fonts. (line 449)
-* fonts, new commands for: \newfont. (line 2685)
-* footer style: \pagestyle. (line 3972)
+ (line 740)
+* font sizes: Font sizes. (line 714)
+* font styles: Font styles. (line 580)
+* fonts: Fonts. (line 574)
+* fonts, new commands for: \newfont. (line 2827)
+* footer style: \pagestyle. (line 4119)
* footer, parameters for: Page layout parameters.
- (line 749)
-* footnote number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 918)
+ (line 880)
+* footnote number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 1050)
* footnote parameters: Footnote parameters.
- (line 2522)
-* footnotes in figures: minipage. (line 1533)
-* footnotes, creating: Footnotes. (line 2458)
+ (line 2662)
+* footnotes in figures: minipage. (line 1670)
+* footnotes, creating: Footnotes. (line 2598)
* footnotes, symbolic instead of numbered: Symbolic footnotes.
- (line 2509)
-* formulas, environment for: equation. (line 1155)
-* formulas, math: Math formulas. (line 2971)
-* fragile commands: \protect. (line 2699)
-* French quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 4381)
-* functions, math: Math functions. (line 3652)
+ (line 2649)
+* formulas, environment for: equation. (line 1288)
+* formulas, math: Math formulas. (line 3114)
+* forward references, resolving: Output files. (line 370)
+* fragile commands: \protect. (line 2841)
+* French quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 4541)
+* functions, math: Math functions. (line 3795)
* global options: Document class options.
- (line 372)
+ (line 490)
* global options <1>: Document class options.
- (line 442)
-* glossaries: Glossaries. (line 4834)
-* grave accent: Accents. (line 4565)
-* grave accent, math: Math accents. (line 3783)
-* greater than symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 4476)
-* greek letters: Math symbols. (line 3016)
-* ha'c<ek accent, math: Math accents. (line 3774)
-* hacek accent: Accents. (line 4623)
-* hat accent: Accents. (line 4561)
-* hat accent, math: Math accents. (line 3786)
-* header style: \pagestyle. (line 3972)
+ (line 567)
+* glossaries: Glossaries. (line 4995)
+* glossary package: Glossaries. (line 5004)
+* graphics packages: \line. (line 1839)
+* grave accent: Accents. (line 4725)
+* grave accent, math: Math accents. (line 3926)
+* greater than symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 4636)
+* greek letters: Math symbols. (line 3159)
+* ha'c<ek accent, math: Math accents. (line 3917)
+* hacek accent: Accents. (line 4783)
+* hat accent: Accents. (line 4721)
+* hat accent, math: Math accents. (line 3929)
+* header style: \pagestyle. (line 4119)
* header, parameters for: Page layout parameters.
- (line 749)
-* here, putting floats: figure. (line 1200)
-* hungarian umlaut accent: Accents. (line 4586)
-* hyphenation, defining: \hyphenation. (line 2365)
-* hyphenation, forcing: \- (hyphenation). (line 2335)
-* hyphenation, preventing: \mbox. (line 4169)
+ (line 880)
+* hello, world: Starting and ending.
+ (line 316)
+* here, putting floats: figure. (line 1333)
+* hungarian umlaut accent: Accents. (line 4746)
+* hyphenation, defining: \hyphenation. (line 2505)
+* hyphenation, forcing: \- (hyphenation). (line 2475)
+* hyphenation, preventing: \mbox. (line 4326)
* Icelandic eth: Non-English characters.
- (line 4641)
+ (line 4801)
* Icelandic thorn: Non-English characters.
- (line 4673)
+ (line 4833)
* ij letter, Dutch: Non-English characters.
- (line 4649)
-* in-line formulas: math. (line 1506)
-* indent, forcing: \indent. (line 2900)
-* indent, suppressing: \noindent. (line 2911)
-* indentation of paragraphs, in minipage: minipage. (line 1529)
-* indexes: Indexes. (line 4849)
-* initial command: filecontents. (line 1287)
+ (line 4809)
+* implementations of TeX: TeX engines. (line 389)
+* in-line formulas: math. (line 1643)
+* indent, forcing: \indent. (line 3043)
+* indent, suppressing: \noindent. (line 3054)
+* indentation of paragraphs, in minipage: minipage. (line 1666)
+* index entries, 'see' and 'see also': Indexes. (line 5020)
+* indexes: Indexes. (line 5010)
+* infinite horizontal stretch: \hfill. (line 4186)
+* infinite vertical stretch: \vfill. (line 4299)
+* initial command: filecontents. (line 1424)
* input file: Splitting the input.
- (line 4708)
+ (line 4868)
* input/output: Terminal input/output.
- (line 5037)
-* inserting figures: figure. (line 1168)
-* italic font: Font styles. (line 556)
-* justification, ragged left: \raggedleft. (line 1361)
-* justification, ragged right: \raggedright. (line 1335)
-* Knuth, Donald E.: About this document.
- (line 246)
-* labelled lists, creating: description. (line 1033)
-* Lamport, Leslie: About this document.
- (line 246)
-* LaTeX logo: Text symbols. (line 4375)
-* LaTeX overview: Overview. (line 283)
+ (line 5198)
+* inserting figures: figure. (line 1301)
+* italic correction: \/. (line 4229)
+* italic font: Font styles. (line 687)
+* justification, ragged left: \raggedleft. (line 1498)
+* justification, ragged right: \raggedright. (line 1472)
+* Knuth, Donald E.: Overview. (line 290)
+* labelled lists, creating: description. (line 1166)
+* Lamport TeX: Overview. (line 308)
+* Lamport, Leslie: Overview. (line 290)
+* landscape orientation: Document class options.
+ (line 519)
+* LaTeX logo: Text symbols. (line 4532)
+* LaTeX overview: Overview. (line 290)
* LaTeX Project team: About this document.
- (line 246)
-* layout commands: Layout. (line 679)
+ (line 258)
+* LaTeX vs. LaTeX2e: About this document.
+ (line 254)
+* LaTeX2e logo: Text symbols. (line 4535)
+* layout commands: Layout. (line 810)
* layout, page parameters for: Page layout parameters.
- (line 749)
-* left angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 4381)
-* left arrow, in text: Text symbols. (line 4482)
-* left brace, in text: Text symbols. (line 4436)
-* left quote: Text symbols. (line 4391)
-* left quote, double: Text symbols. (line 4495)
-* left quote, single: Text symbols. (line 4501)
-* left-justifying text: \raggedright. (line 1335)
-* left-justifying text, environment for: flushleft. (line 1322)
-* left-to-right mode: Modes. (line 3880)
-* lengths, adding to: \addtolength. (line 2845)
-* lengths, defining and using: Lengths. (line 2832)
-* lengths, defining new: \newlength. (line 2594)
-* lengths, predefined: Predefined lengths. (line 2873)
-* lengths, setting: \setlength. (line 2838)
-* less than symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 4479)
-* letters: Letters. (line 4889)
-* letters, accented: Accents. (line 4534)
-* letters, ending: \closing. (line 4948)
+ (line 880)
+* left angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 4541)
+* left arrow, in text: Text symbols. (line 4642)
+* left brace, in text: Text symbols. (line 4596)
+* left quote: Text symbols. (line 4551)
+* left quote, double: Text symbols. (line 4655)
+* left quote, single: Text symbols. (line 4661)
+* left-hand equation numbers: Document class options.
+ (line 522)
+* left-justifying text: \raggedright. (line 1472)
+* left-justifying text, environment for: flushleft. (line 1459)
+* left-to-right mode: Modes. (line 4023)
+* lengths, adding to: \addtolength. (line 2988)
+* lengths, defining and using: Lengths. (line 2975)
+* lengths, defining new: \newlength. (line 2736)
+* lengths, predefined: Predefined lengths. (line 3016)
+* lengths, setting: \setlength. (line 2981)
+* less than symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 4639)
+* letters: Letters. (line 5050)
+* letters, accented: Accents. (line 4694)
+* letters, ending: \closing. (line 5109)
* letters, non-English: Non-English characters.
- (line 4628)
-* letters, starting: \opening. (line 4991)
-* line break, forcing: \\. (line 2309)
-* line breaking: Line breaking. (line 2297)
+ (line 4788)
+* letters, starting: \opening. (line 5152)
+* line break, forcing: \\. (line 2449)
+* line breaking: Line breaking. (line 2437)
* line breaks, forcing: \linebreak & \nolinebreak.
- (line 2381)
+ (line 2521)
* line breaks, preventing: \linebreak & \nolinebreak.
- (line 2381)
-* lines in tables: tabular. (line 1952)
-* lining numerals: Font styles. (line 531)
-* lining text up in tables: tabular. (line 1952)
-* lining text up using tab stops: tabbing. (line 1834)
-* list items, specifying counter: \usecounter. (line 2767)
-* lists of items: itemize. (line 1374)
-* lists of items, generic: list. (line 1481)
-* lists of items, numbered: enumerate. (line 1082)
+ (line 2521)
+* lines in tables: tabular. (line 2092)
+* lining numerals: Font styles. (line 662)
+* lining text up in tables: tabular. (line 2092)
+* lining text up using tab stops: tabbing. (line 1974)
+* list items, specifying counter: \usecounter. (line 2910)
+* list of figures file: Output files. (line 380)
+* list of tables file: Output files. (line 380)
+* lists of items: itemize. (line 1511)
+* lists of items, generic: list. (line 1618)
+* lists of items, numbered: enumerate. (line 1215)
* loading additional packages: Document class options.
- (line 435)
-* log file: Overview. (line 316)
-* logo, LaTeX: Text symbols. (line 4375)
-* logo, TeX: Text symbols. (line 4412)
-* low-9 quotation marks, single and double: Text symbols. (line 4403)
+ (line 559)
+* log file: Output files. (line 365)
+* logo, LaTeX: Text symbols. (line 4532)
+* logo, LaTeX2e: Text symbols. (line 4535)
+* logo, TeX: Text symbols. (line 4572)
+* low-9 quotation marks, single and double: Text symbols. (line 4563)
* low-level font commands: Low-level font commands.
- (line 609)
-* lR mode: Modes. (line 3880)
-* LuaTeX: Overview. (line 307)
-* macron accent: Accents. (line 4557)
-* macron accent, math: Math accents. (line 3768)
-* Madsen, Lars: eqnarray. (line 1120)
-* 'makeidx' package: Indexes. (line 4871)
-* 'makeindex' program: Indexes. (line 4866)
-* making a title page: titlepage. (line 2227)
-* making paragraphs: Making paragraphs. (line 2892)
-* marginal notes: Marginal notes. (line 2924)
-* masculine ordinal symbol: Text symbols. (line 4486)
-* math accents: Math accents. (line 3760)
-* math formulas: Math formulas. (line 2971)
-* math functions: Math functions. (line 3652)
-* math miscellany: Math miscellany. (line 3830)
-* math mode: Modes. (line 3880)
-* math mode, entering: Math formulas. (line 2971)
+ (line 740)
+* LR mode: Modes. (line 4023)
+* 'ltugboat' class: tugboat template. (line 5310)
+* LuaTeX: TeX engines. (line 412)
+* macro package, LaTeX as: Overview. (line 295)
+* macron accent: Accents. (line 4717)
+* macron accent, math: Math accents. (line 3911)
+* Madsen, Lars: eqnarray. (line 1253)
+* 'makeidx' package: Indexes. (line 5032)
+* 'makeindex' program: Indexes. (line 5027)
+* making a title page: titlepage. (line 2367)
+* making paragraphs: Making paragraphs. (line 3035)
+* marginal notes: Marginal notes. (line 3067)
+* masculine ordinal symbol: Text symbols. (line 4646)
+* math accents: Math accents. (line 3903)
+* math formulas: Math formulas. (line 3114)
+* math functions: Math functions. (line 3795)
+* math miscellany: Math miscellany. (line 3973)
+* math mode: Modes. (line 4023)
+* math mode, entering: Math formulas. (line 3114)
* math mode, spacing: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 3812)
-* math symbols: Math symbols. (line 3016)
-* math, bold: Font styles. (line 527)
-* minipage, creating a: minipage. (line 1518)
-* modes: Modes. (line 3880)
-* monospace font: Font styles. (line 571)
-* moving arguments: \protect. (line 2699)
-* multicolumn text: \twocolumn. (line 690)
-* 'multind' package: Indexes. (line 4882)
+ (line 3955)
+* math symbols: Math symbols. (line 3159)
+* math, bold: Font styles. (line 658)
+* minipage, creating a: minipage. (line 1655)
+* modes: Modes. (line 4023)
+* monospace font: Font styles. (line 702)
+* moving arguments: \protect. (line 2841)
+* multicolumn text: \twocolumn. (line 821)
+* multilingual support: Accents. (line 4694)
+* 'multind' package: Indexes. (line 5043)
* multiplication symbol, discretionary line break: Math miscellany.
- (line 3831)
-* nested '\include', not allowed: \include. (line 4732)
+ (line 3974)
+* nested '\include', not allowed: \include. (line 4892)
* new commands, defining: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 2543)
+ (line 2683)
* new line, output as input: \obeycr & \restorecr.
- (line 2319)
-* new line, starting: \\. (line 2309)
-* new line, starting (paragraph mode): \newline. (line 2328)
-* new page, starting: \newpage. (line 2419)
+ (line 2459)
+* new line, starting: \\. (line 2449)
+* new line, starting (paragraph mode): \newline. (line 2468)
+* new page, starting: \newpage. (line 2559)
* non-English characters: Non-English characters.
- (line 4628)
-* notes in the margin: Marginal notes. (line 2924)
-* null delimiter: Math miscellany. (line 3845)
-* numbered items, specifying counter: \usecounter. (line 2767)
-* numerals, old-style: Font styles. (line 531)
-* oblique font: Font styles. (line 568)
+ (line 4788)
+* notes in the margin: Marginal notes. (line 3067)
+* null delimiter: Math miscellany. (line 3988)
+* numbered items, specifying counter: \usecounter. (line 2910)
+* numerals, old-style: Font styles. (line 662)
+* oblique font: Font styles. (line 699)
* oe ligature: Non-English characters.
- (line 4665)
-* ogonek: Accents. (line 4597)
-* old-style numerals: Font styles. (line 531)
-* one-column output: \onecolumn. (line 684)
-* opening quote: Text symbols. (line 4391)
+ (line 4825)
+* ogonek: Accents. (line 4757)
+* old-style numerals: Font styles. (line 662)
+* one-column output: \onecolumn. (line 815)
+* opening quote: Text symbols. (line 4551)
+* OpenType fonts: TeX engines. (line 389)
* options, document class: Document class options.
- (line 372)
+ (line 490)
* options, global: Document class options.
- (line 442)
-* ordinals, feminine and masculine: Text symbols. (line 4486)
+ (line 567)
+* ordinals, feminine and masculine: Text symbols. (line 4646)
* oslash: Non-English characters.
- (line 4661)
-* overbar accent: Accents. (line 4557)
-* overdot accent, math: Math accents. (line 3780)
-* overview of LaTeX: Overview. (line 283)
-* packages, loading: Document class options.
- (line 435)
+ (line 4821)
+* overbar accent: Accents. (line 4717)
+* overdot accent, math: Math accents. (line 3923)
+* overview of LaTeX: Overview. (line 290)
+* packages, loading additional: Document class options.
+ (line 559)
* page break, forcing: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
- (line 2440)
+ (line 2580)
* page break, preventing: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
- (line 2440)
-* page breaking: Page breaking. (line 2398)
+ (line 2580)
+* page breaking: Page breaking. (line 2538)
* page layout parameters: Page layout parameters.
- (line 749)
-* page number, cross referencing: \pageref. (line 908)
-* page numbering style: \pagenumbering. (line 3948)
-* page styles: Page styles. (line 3916)
-* paragraph indentation, in minipage: minipage. (line 1529)
-* paragraph indentations in quoted text: quotation. (line 1804)
-* paragraph indentations in quoted text, omitting: quote. (line 1819)
-* paragraph mode: Modes. (line 3880)
-* paragraph symbol: Text symbols. (line 4395)
-* paragraphs: Making paragraphs. (line 2892)
+ (line 880)
+* page number, cross referencing: \pageref. (line 1040)
+* page numbering style: \pagenumbering. (line 4094)
+* page styles: Page styles. (line 4062)
+* paragraph indentation, in minipage: minipage. (line 1666)
+* paragraph indentations in quoted text: quotation. (line 1944)
+* paragraph indentations in quoted text, omitting: quote. (line 1959)
+* paragraph mode: Modes. (line 4023)
+* paragraph symbol: Text symbols. (line 4555)
+* paragraphs: Making paragraphs. (line 3035)
* parameters, for footnotes: Footnote parameters.
- (line 2522)
+ (line 2662)
* parameters, page layout: Page layout parameters.
- (line 749)
-* pdfTeX: Overview. (line 301)
-* period, centered, in text: Text symbols. (line 4489)
-* pictures, creating: picture. (line 1546)
-* pilcrow: Text symbols. (line 4395)
-* placement of floats: figure. (line 1181)
-* poetry, an environment for: verse. (line 2278)
+ (line 880)
+* pdfTeX: Output files. (line 357)
+* pdfTeX engine: TeX engines. (line 395)
+* period, centered, in text: Text symbols. (line 4649)
+* 'pict2e' package: \line. (line 1839)
+* pictures, creating: picture. (line 1683)
+* pilcrow: Text symbols. (line 4555)
+* placement of floats: figure. (line 1314)
+* poetry, an environment for: verse. (line 2418)
* polish l: Non-English characters.
- (line 4653)
-* postscript, in letters: \ps. (line 5003)
-* pounds symbol: Text symbols. (line 4399)
-* preamble, defined: Starting & ending. (line 349)
-* predefined lengths: Predefined lengths. (line 2873)
-* prompt, '*': Command line. (line 5079)
-* questionation point, upside-down: Text symbols. (line 4492)
-* quotation marks, French: Text symbols. (line 4381)
-* quote, straight base: Text symbols. (line 4508)
+ (line 4813)
+* portrait orientation: Document class options.
+ (line 519)
+* postscript, in letters: \ps. (line 5164)
+* pounds symbol: Text symbols. (line 4559)
+* preamble, defined: Starting and ending.
+ (line 329)
+* predefined lengths: Predefined lengths. (line 3016)
+* prompt, '*': Command line. (line 5243)
+* pronunciation: Overview. (line 308)
+* question mark, upside-down: Text symbols. (line 4652)
+* quotation marks, French: Text symbols. (line 4541)
+* quote, straight base: Text symbols. (line 4668)
* quoted text with paragraph indentation, displaying: quotation.
- (line 1804)
+ (line 1944)
* quoted text without paragraph indentation, displaying: quote.
- (line 1819)
-* ragged left text: \raggedleft. (line 1361)
-* ragged left text, environment for: flushright. (line 1348)
-* ragged right text: \raggedright. (line 1335)
-* ragged right text, environment for: flushleft. (line 1322)
+ (line 1959)
+* ragged left text: \raggedleft. (line 1498)
+* ragged left text, environment for: flushright. (line 1485)
+* ragged right text: \raggedright. (line 1472)
+* ragged right text, environment for: flushleft. (line 1459)
* redefining environments: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
- (line 2618)
-* registered symbol: Text symbols. (line 4511)
-* remarks in the margin: Marginal notes. (line 2924)
+ (line 2760)
+* references, resolving forward: Output files. (line 370)
+* registered symbol: Text symbols. (line 4671)
+* remarks in the margin: Marginal notes. (line 3067)
* reporting bugs: About this document.
- (line 253)
+ (line 247)
* reserved characters: Reserved characters.
- (line 4329)
-* right angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 4381)
-* right arrow, in text: Text symbols. (line 4514)
-* right brace, in text: Text symbols. (line 4439)
-* right quote: Text symbols. (line 4406)
-* right quote, double: Text symbols. (line 4498)
-* right quote, single: Text symbols. (line 4504)
-* right-justifying text: \raggedleft. (line 1361)
-* right-justifying text, environment for: flushright. (line 1348)
-* ring accent: Accents. (line 4602)
-* ring accent, math: Math accents. (line 3795)
-* robust commands: \protect. (line 2709)
-* roman font: Font styles. (line 559)
+ (line 4486)
+* right angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 4541)
+* right arrow, in text: Text symbols. (line 4674)
+* right brace, in text: Text symbols. (line 4599)
+* right quote: Text symbols. (line 4566)
+* right quote, double: Text symbols. (line 4658)
+* right quote, single: Text symbols. (line 4664)
+* right-hand equation numbers: Document class options.
+ (line 522)
+* right-justifying text: \raggedleft. (line 1498)
+* right-justifying text, environment for: flushright. (line 1485)
+* ring accent: Accents. (line 4762)
+* ring accent, math: Math accents. (line 3938)
+* robust commands: \protect. (line 2851)
+* roman font: Font styles. (line 690)
* running header and footer: Page layout parameters.
- (line 749)
-* running header and footer style: \pagestyle. (line 3972)
-* sans serif font: Font styles. (line 565)
-* script letters for math: Font styles. (line 550)
-* section number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 918)
-* section numbers, printing: Sectioning. (line 859)
-* section symbol: Text symbols. (line 4409)
-* sectioning: Sectioning. (line 818)
+ (line 880)
+* running header and footer style: \pagestyle. (line 4119)
+* sans serif font: Font styles. (line 696)
+* script letters for math: Font styles. (line 681)
+* section number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 1050)
+* section numbers, printing: Sectioning. (line 990)
+* section symbol: Text symbols. (line 4569)
+* sectioning: Sectioning. (line 949)
* 'setspace' package: Low-level font commands.
- (line 655)
-* setting counters: \setcounter. (line 2792)
+ (line 786)
+* setting counters: \setcounter. (line 2935)
* sharp S letters: Non-English characters.
- (line 4669)
-* 'showidx' package: Indexes. (line 4878)
-* simulating typed text: verbatim. (line 2244)
-* single angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 4381)
-* single guillemets: Text symbols. (line 4381)
-* single left quote: Text symbols. (line 4501)
-* single low-9 quotation mark: Text symbols. (line 4403)
-* single right quote: Text symbols. (line 4504)
-* sizes of text: Font sizes. (line 583)
-* slanted font: Font styles. (line 568)
-* small caps font: Font styles. (line 562)
-* space, inserting vertical: \addvspace. (line 4112)
-* spaces: Spaces. (line 4015)
+ (line 4829)
+* 'showidx' package: Indexes. (line 5039)
+* simulating typed text: verbatim. (line 2384)
+* single angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 4541)
+* single guillemets: Text symbols. (line 4541)
+* single left quote: Text symbols. (line 4661)
+* single low-9 quotation mark: Text symbols. (line 4563)
+* single right quote: Text symbols. (line 4664)
+* sizes of text: Font sizes. (line 714)
+* slanted font: Font styles. (line 699)
+* small caps font: Font styles. (line 693)
+* space, inserting vertical: \addvspace. (line 4267)
+* spaces: Spaces. (line 4162)
* spacing within math mode: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 3812)
-* Spanish ordinals, feminine and masculine: Text symbols. (line 4486)
+ (line 3955)
+* Spanish ordinals, feminine and masculine: Text symbols. (line 4646)
* special characters: Non-English characters.
- (line 4628)
-* specifier, float placement: figure. (line 1181)
+ (line 4788)
+* specifier, float placement: figure. (line 1314)
* splitting the input file: Splitting the input.
- (line 4708)
-* starting & ending: Starting & ending. (line 338)
-* starting a new page: \newpage. (line 2419)
-* starting a new page and clearing floats: \clearpage. (line 2413)
-* starting on a right-hand page: \cleardoublepage. (line 2405)
-* sterling symbol: Text symbols. (line 4399)
-* straight double quote, base: Text symbols. (line 4508)
-* straight quote, base: Text symbols. (line 4508)
-* stretch, omitting vertical: \raggedbottom. (line 743)
-* styles of text: Font styles. (line 455)
-* styles, page: Page styles. (line 3916)
+ (line 4868)
+* starting & ending: Starting and ending.
+ (line 316)
+* starting a new page: \newpage. (line 2559)
+* starting a new page and clearing floats: \clearpage. (line 2553)
+* starting on a right-hand page: \cleardoublepage. (line 2545)
+* sterling symbol: Text symbols. (line 4559)
+* straight double quote, base: Text symbols. (line 4668)
+* straight quote, base: Text symbols. (line 4668)
+* stretch, infinite horizontal: \hfill. (line 4186)
+* stretch, infinite vertical: \vfill. (line 4299)
+* stretch, omitting vertical: \raggedbottom. (line 874)
+* styles of text: Font styles. (line 580)
+* styles, page: Page styles. (line 4062)
* subscript: Subscripts & superscripts.
- (line 3007)
+ (line 3150)
* superscript: Subscripts & superscripts.
- (line 3007)
-* symbols, math: Math symbols. (line 3016)
-* tab stops, using: tabbing. (line 1834)
+ (line 3150)
+* symbols, math: Math symbols. (line 3159)
+* tab stops, using: tabbing. (line 1974)
* table of contents entry, manually adding: \addcontentsline.
- (line 4790)
-* table of contents, creating: Tables of contents. (line 4770)
-* tables, creating: table. (line 1925)
+ (line 4951)
+* table of contents file: Output files. (line 380)
+* table of contents, creating: Tables of contents. (line 4930)
+* tables, creating: table. (line 2065)
* terminal input/output: Terminal input/output.
- (line 5037)
-* TeX logo: Text symbols. (line 4412)
-* text symbols: Text symbols. (line 4360)
-* 'textcomp' package: Font styles. (line 531)
-* thanks, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 3938)
-* theorems, defining: \newtheorem. (line 2657)
-* theorems, typesetting: theorem. (line 2214)
+ (line 5198)
+* TeX logo: Text symbols. (line 4572)
+* text symbols: Text symbols. (line 4517)
+* 'textcomp' package: Font styles. (line 662)
+* thanks, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 4084)
+* theorems, defining: \newtheorem. (line 2799)
+* theorems, typesetting: theorem. (line 2354)
* thorn, Icelandic letter: Non-English characters.
- (line 4673)
-* three-quarters em-dash: Text symbols. (line 4517)
-* tie-after accent: Accents. (line 4608)
-* tilde accent: Accents. (line 4571)
-* tilde accent, math: Math accents. (line 3798)
-* tilde, ASCII, in text: Text symbols. (line 4418)
-* title pages, creating: titlepage. (line 2227)
-* title, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 3942)
-* titles, making: \maketitle. (line 3922)
-* trademark symbol: Text symbols. (line 4520)
-* transcript file: Overview. (line 316)
-* two-column output: \twocolumn. (line 690)
-* two-thirds em-dash: Text symbols. (line 4523)
-* typed text, simulating: verbatim. (line 2244)
-* typeface sizes: Font sizes. (line 583)
-* typeface styles: Font styles. (line 455)
-* typefaces: Fonts. (line 449)
-* typewriter font: Font styles. (line 571)
-* typewriter labels in lists: description. (line 1045)
-* umlaut accent: Accents. (line 4544)
-* underbar: Accents. (line 4616)
-* underscore, in text: Text symbols. (line 4526)
-* unordered lists: itemize. (line 1374)
-* using BibTeX: Using BibTeX. (line 2177)
-* variables, a list of: Counters. (line 2720)
-* vector symbol, math: Math accents. (line 3801)
-* verbatim text: verbatim. (line 2244)
-* verbatim text, inline: \verb. (line 2261)
-* vertical bar, double, in text: Text symbols. (line 4430)
-* vertical bar, in text: Text symbols. (line 4427)
-* vertical space: \addvspace. (line 4112)
-* vertical space before paragraphs: \parskip. (line 2918)
-* visible space: \verb. (line 2272)
-* visible space symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 4529)
-* wide hat accent, math: Math accents. (line 3804)
-* wide tile accent, math: Math accents. (line 3807)
-* writing external files: filecontents. (line 1279)
-* XeTeX: Overview. (line 310)
-* 'xindy' program: Indexes. (line 4866)
+ (line 4833)
+* three-quarters em-dash: Text symbols. (line 4677)
+* tie-after accent: Accents. (line 4768)
+* tilde accent: Accents. (line 4731)
+* tilde accent, math: Math accents. (line 3941)
+* tilde, ASCII, in text: Text symbols. (line 4578)
+* title page, separate or run-in: Document class options.
+ (line 530)
+* title pages, creating: titlepage. (line 2367)
+* title, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 4088)
+* titles, making: \maketitle. (line 4068)
+* trademark symbol: Text symbols. (line 4680)
+* transcript file: Output files. (line 365)
+* TrueType fonts: TeX engines. (line 389)
+* TUGboat template: tugboat template. (line 5310)
+* two-column output: \twocolumn. (line 821)
+* two-thirds em-dash: Text symbols. (line 4683)
+* typed text, simulating: verbatim. (line 2384)
+* typeface sizes: Font sizes. (line 714)
+* typeface styles: Font styles. (line 580)
+* typefaces: Fonts. (line 574)
+* typewriter font: Font styles. (line 702)
+* typewriter labels in lists: description. (line 1178)
+* umlaut accent: Accents. (line 4704)
+* underbar: Accents. (line 4776)
+* underscore, in text: Text symbols. (line 4686)
+* Unicode input, native: TeX engines. (line 389)
+* unofficial nature of this manual: About this document.
+ (line 258)
+* unordered lists: itemize. (line 1511)
+* using BibTeX: Using BibTeX. (line 2317)
+* UTF-8: TeX engines. (line 389)
+* variables, a list of: Counters. (line 2862)
+* vector symbol, math: Math accents. (line 3944)
+* verbatim text: verbatim. (line 2384)
+* verbatim text, inline: \verb. (line 2401)
+* vertical bar, double, in text: Text symbols. (line 4590)
+* vertical bar, in text: Text symbols. (line 4587)
+* vertical space: \addvspace. (line 4267)
+* vertical space before paragraphs: \parskip. (line 3061)
+* visible space: \verb. (line 2412)
+* visible space symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 4689)
+* wide hat accent, math: Math accents. (line 3947)
+* wide tile accent, math: Math accents. (line 3950)
+* writing external files: filecontents. (line 1416)
+* XeTeX: TeX engines. (line 421)
+* 'xindy' program: Indexes. (line 5027)
Command Index
*************
* Menu:
-* $: Math formulas. (line 2989)
-* .aux file: Overview. (line 320)
-* .dvi file: Overview. (line 293)
-* .log file: Overview. (line 316)
-* .pdf file: Overview. (line 301)
-* .toc file: Tables of contents. (line 4770)
+* $: Math formulas. (line 3132)
+* --help command-line option: Command line. (line 5239)
+* .aux file: Output files. (line 370)
+* .dvi file: Output files. (line 347)
+* .lof file: Output files. (line 380)
+* .lof file <1>: Tables of contents. (line 4940)
+* .log file: Output files. (line 365)
+* .lot file: Output files. (line 380)
+* .lot file <1>: Tables of contents. (line 4940)
+* .pdf file: Output files. (line 357)
+* .tex, default extension: Command line. (line 5231)
+* .toc file: Output files. (line 380)
+* .toc file <1>: Tables of contents. (line 4930)
* 10pt option: Document class options.
- (line 380)
+ (line 498)
* 11pt option: Document class options.
- (line 380)
+ (line 498)
* 12pt option: Document class options.
- (line 380)
-* @{...}: array. (line 974)
-* [...] for optional arguments: Overview. (line 326)
-* \ character starting commands: Overview. (line 326)
-* \" (umlaut accent): Accents. (line 4544)
+ (line 498)
+* @{...}: array. (line 1107)
+* [...] for optional arguments: LaTeX command syntax.
+ (line 435)
+* \ character starting commands: LaTeX command syntax.
+ (line 435)
+* \" (umlaut accent): Accents. (line 4704)
* \#: Reserved characters.
- (line 4334)
+ (line 4491)
* \$: Reserved characters.
- (line 4334)
+ (line 4491)
* \%: Reserved characters.
- (line 4334)
+ (line 4491)
* \&: Reserved characters.
- (line 4334)
-* \' (acute accent): Accents. (line 4548)
-* \' (tabbing): tabbing. (line 1873)
-* \(: Math formulas. (line 2981)
-* \): Math formulas. (line 2981)
-* \*: Math miscellany. (line 3830)
-* \+: tabbing. (line 1865)
+ (line 4491)
+* \' (acute accent): Accents. (line 4708)
+* \' (tabbing): tabbing. (line 2013)
+* \(: Math formulas. (line 3124)
+* \): Math formulas. (line 3124)
+* \*: Math miscellany. (line 3973)
+* \+: tabbing. (line 2005)
* \,: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 3823)
-* \-: tabbing. (line 1869)
-* \- (hyphenation): \- (hyphenation). (line 2335)
-* \. (dot-over accent): Accents. (line 4553)
-* \/: \/. (line 4081)
+ (line 3966)
+* \-: tabbing. (line 2009)
+* \- (hyphenation): \- (hyphenation). (line 2475)
+* \. (dot-over accent): Accents. (line 4713)
+* \/: \/. (line 4229)
* \:: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 3821)
+ (line 3964)
* \;: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 3818)
-* \<: tabbing. (line 1861)
-* \= (macron accent): Accents. (line 4557)
-* \= (tabbing): tabbing. (line 1855)
-* \>: tabbing. (line 1859)
+ (line 3961)
+* \<: tabbing. (line 2001)
+* \= (macron accent): Accents. (line 4717)
+* \= (tabbing): tabbing. (line 1995)
+* \>: tabbing. (line 1999)
* \> <1>: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 3821)
-* \> (tabbing): tabbing. (line 1858)
-* \@: \AT. (line 4060)
-* \@fnsymbol: Symbolic footnotes. (line 2514)
-* \a (tabbing): tabbing. (line 1888)
-* \a' (acute accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 1889)
-* \a= (macron accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 1889)
+ (line 3964)
+* \> (tabbing): tabbing. (line 1998)
+* \@: \@. (line 4207)
+* \@fnsymbol: Symbolic footnotes. (line 2654)
+* \a (tabbing): tabbing. (line 2028)
+* \a' (acute accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 2029)
+* \a= (macron accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 2029)
* \aa (aa): Non-English characters.
- (line 4633)
+ (line 4793)
* \AA (AA): Non-English characters.
- (line 4633)
-* \acute: Math accents. (line 3764)
-* \addcontentsline{EXT}{UNIT}{TEXT}: \addcontentsline. (line 4790)
-* \address: \address. (line 4925)
-* \addtocontents{EXT}{TEXT}: \addtocontents. (line 4819)
-* \addtocounter: \addtocounter. (line 2802)
-* \addtolength: \addtolength. (line 2845)
-* \addvspace: \addvspace. (line 4112)
+ (line 4793)
+* \acute: Math accents. (line 3907)
+* \addcontentsline{EXT}{UNIT}{TEXT}: \addcontentsline. (line 4951)
+* \address: \address. (line 5086)
+* \addtocontents{EXT}{TEXT}: \addtocontents. (line 4980)
+* \addtocounter: \addtocounter. (line 2945)
+* \addtolength: \addtolength. (line 2988)
+* \addvspace: \addvspace. (line 4267)
* \ae (ae): Non-English characters.
- (line 4637)
+ (line 4797)
* \AE (AE): Non-English characters.
- (line 4637)
-* \aleph: Math symbols. (line 3024)
+ (line 4797)
+* \aleph: Math symbols. (line 3167)
* \alph: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 2738)
+ (line 2880)
* \Alph: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 2741)
-* \Alph example: enumerate. (line 1115)
-* \alpha: Math symbols. (line 3027)
-* \alsoname: Indexes. (line 4863)
-* \amalg: Math symbols. (line 3030)
-* \and for '\author': \maketitle. (line 3928)
-* \angle: Math symbols. (line 3033)
-* \appendix: Sectioning. (line 849)
-* \approx: Math symbols. (line 3036)
+ (line 2883)
+* \Alph example: enumerate. (line 1248)
+* \alpha: Math symbols. (line 3170)
+* \alsoname: Indexes. (line 5024)
+* \amalg: Math symbols. (line 3173)
+* \and for '\author': \maketitle. (line 4074)
+* \angle: Math symbols. (line 3176)
+* \appendix: Sectioning. (line 980)
+* \approx: Math symbols. (line 3179)
* \arabic: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 2744)
-* \arccos: Math functions. (line 3655)
-* \arcsin: Math functions. (line 3658)
-* \arctan: Math functions. (line 3661)
-* \arg: Math functions. (line 3664)
-* \arraycolsep: array. (line 986)
-* \arrayrulewidth: tabular. (line 2046)
-* \arraystretch: tabular. (line 2050)
-* \ast: Math symbols. (line 3039)
-* \asymp: Math symbols. (line 3042)
-* \author{NAME \and NAME2}: \maketitle. (line 3927)
-* \a` (grave accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 1889)
-* \b (bar-under accent): Accents. (line 4574)
-* \backslash: Math symbols. (line 3045)
+ (line 2886)
+* \arccos: Math functions. (line 3798)
+* \arcsin: Math functions. (line 3801)
+* \arctan: Math functions. (line 3804)
+* \arg: Math functions. (line 3807)
+* \arraycolsep: array. (line 1119)
+* \arrayrulewidth: tabular. (line 2186)
+* \arraystretch: tabular. (line 2190)
+* \ast: Math symbols. (line 3182)
+* \asymp: Math symbols. (line 3185)
+* \author{NAME \and NAME2}: \maketitle. (line 4073)
+* \a` (grave accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 2029)
+* \b (bar-under accent): Accents. (line 4734)
+* \backslash: Math symbols. (line 3188)
* \backslash <1>: Reserved characters.
- (line 4339)
-* \bar: Math accents. (line 3767)
+ (line 4496)
+* \bar: Math accents. (line 3910)
* \baselineskip: Low-level font commands.
- (line 649)
+ (line 780)
* \baselinestretch: Low-level font commands.
- (line 655)
-* \begin: Environments. (line 930)
-* \beta: Math symbols. (line 3048)
-* \bf: Font styles. (line 546)
-* \bfseries: Font styles. (line 485)
-* \bibitem: \bibitem. (line 2138)
-* \bibliography: Using BibTeX. (line 2177)
-* \bibliographystyle: Using BibTeX. (line 2177)
-* \bigcap: Math symbols. (line 3051)
-* \bigcap <1>: Math symbols. (line 3081)
-* \bigcirc: Math symbols. (line 3054)
-* \bigcup: Math symbols. (line 3057)
-* \bigodot: Math symbols. (line 3060)
-* \bigoplus: Math symbols. (line 3063)
-* \bigotimes: Math symbols. (line 3066)
+ (line 786)
+* \begin: Environments. (line 1062)
+* \beta: Math symbols. (line 3191)
+* \bf: Font styles. (line 677)
+* \bfseries: Font styles. (line 616)
+* \bibitem: \bibitem. (line 2278)
+* \bibliography: Using BibTeX. (line 2317)
+* \bibliographystyle: Using BibTeX. (line 2317)
+* \bigcap: Math symbols. (line 3194)
+* \bigcap <1>: Math symbols. (line 3224)
+* \bigcirc: Math symbols. (line 3197)
+* \bigcup: Math symbols. (line 3200)
+* \bigodot: Math symbols. (line 3203)
+* \bigoplus: Math symbols. (line 3206)
+* \bigotimes: Math symbols. (line 3209)
* \bigskip: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
- (line 4126)
+ (line 4282)
* \bigskipamount: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
- (line 4126)
-* \bigsqcup: Math symbols. (line 3075)
-* \bigtriangledown: Math symbols. (line 3069)
-* \bigtriangleup: Math symbols. (line 3072)
-* \biguplus: Math symbols. (line 3078)
-* \bigwedge: Math symbols. (line 3084)
-* \bmod: Math functions. (line 3667)
-* \boldmath: Math formulas. (line 2994)
-* \bot: Math symbols. (line 3087)
-* \bottomfraction: figure. (line 1229)
-* \bottomnumber: figure. (line 1262)
-* \bowtie: Math symbols. (line 3090)
-* \Box: Math symbols. (line 3093)
-* \breve: Math accents. (line 3770)
-* \bullet: Math symbols. (line 3096)
-* \c (cedilla accent): Accents. (line 4578)
-* \cal: Font styles. (line 549)
-* \cap: Math symbols. (line 3099)
-* \capitalacute: Accents. (line 4548)
-* \capitalbreve: Accents. (line 4613)
-* \capitalcaron: Accents. (line 4623)
-* \capitalcedilla: Accents. (line 4578)
-* \capitalcircumflex: Accents. (line 4561)
-* \capitaldieresis: Accents. (line 4544)
-* \capitaldotaccent: Accents. (line 4582)
-* \capitalgrave: Accents. (line 4565)
-* \capitalhungarumlaut: Accents. (line 4586)
-* \capitalmacron: Accents. (line 4557)
-* \capitalnewtie: Accents. (line 4608)
-* \capitalogonek: Accents. (line 4597)
-* \capitalring: Accents. (line 4602)
-* \capitaltie: Accents. (line 4608)
-* \capitaltilde: Accents. (line 4571)
-* \caption: figure. (line 1222)
-* \cc: \cc. (line 4938)
-* \cdot: Math symbols. (line 3102)
-* \cdots: Math miscellany. (line 3834)
-* \centering: \centering. (line 1010)
-* \chapter: Sectioning. (line 821)
-* \check: Math accents. (line 3773)
-* \chi: Math symbols. (line 3105)
-* \circ: Math symbols. (line 3108)
-* \circle: \circle. (line 1616)
-* \cite: \cite. (line 2155)
-* \cleardoublepage: \cleardoublepage. (line 2405)
-* \clearpage: \clearpage. (line 2413)
-* \cline: \cline. (line 2088)
-* \closing: \closing. (line 4948)
-* \clubsuit: Math symbols. (line 3111)
-* \columnsep: \twocolumn. (line 700)
-* \columnseprule: \twocolumn. (line 703)
-* \columnwidth: \twocolumn. (line 707)
-* \cong: Math symbols. (line 3114)
-* \contentsline: \addcontentsline. (line 4813)
-* \coprod: Math symbols. (line 3117)
-* \copyright: Text symbols. (line 4364)
-* \cos: Math functions. (line 3670)
-* \cosh: Math functions. (line 3673)
-* \cot: Math functions. (line 3676)
-* \coth: Math functions. (line 3679)
-* \csc: Math functions. (line 3682)
-* \cup: Math symbols. (line 3120)
-* \d (dot-under accent): Accents. (line 4582)
-* \dag: Text symbols. (line 4368)
-* \dagger: Math symbols. (line 3123)
-* \dashbox: \dashbox. (line 1667)
-* \dashv: Math symbols. (line 3126)
-* \date{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 3933)
-* \day: \day \month \year. (line 2821)
-* \dblfloatpagefraction: \twocolumn. (line 718)
-* \dblfloatsep: \twocolumn. (line 722)
-* \dbltextfloatsep: \twocolumn. (line 727)
-* \dbltopfraction: \twocolumn. (line 713)
-* \ddag: Text symbols. (line 4371)
-* \ddagger: Math symbols. (line 3129)
-* \ddot: Math accents. (line 3776)
-* \ddots: Math miscellany. (line 3838)
-* \deg: Math functions. (line 3685)
-* \Delta: Math symbols. (line 3132)
-* \delta: Math symbols. (line 3135)
-* \depth: Predefined lengths. (line 2877)
-* \det: Math functions. (line 3688)
-* \dh (ae): Non-English characters.
- (line 4641)
-* \DH (AE): Non-English characters.
- (line 4641)
-* \Diamond: Math symbols. (line 3138)
-* \diamond: Math symbols. (line 3141)
-* \diamondsuit: Math symbols. (line 3144)
-* \dim: Math functions. (line 3691)
-* \displaystyle: Math formulas. (line 2999)
-* \div: Math symbols. (line 3147)
+ (line 4282)
+* \bigsqcup: Math symbols. (line 3218)
+* \bigtriangledown: Math symbols. (line 3212)
+* \bigtriangleup: Math symbols. (line 3215)
+* \biguplus: Math symbols. (line 3221)
+* \bigwedge: Math symbols. (line 3227)
+* \bmod: Math functions. (line 3810)
+* \boldmath: Math formulas. (line 3137)
+* \bot: Math symbols. (line 3230)
+* \bottomfraction: figure. (line 1362)
+* \bowtie: Math symbols. (line 3233)
+* \Box: Math symbols. (line 3236)
+* \breve: Math accents. (line 3913)
+* \bullet: Math symbols. (line 3239)
+* \c (cedilla accent): Accents. (line 4738)
+* \cal: Font styles. (line 680)
+* \cap: Math symbols. (line 3242)
+* \capitalacute: Accents. (line 4708)
+* \capitalbreve: Accents. (line 4773)
+* \capitalcaron: Accents. (line 4783)
+* \capitalcedilla: Accents. (line 4738)
+* \capitalcircumflex: Accents. (line 4721)
+* \capitaldieresis: Accents. (line 4704)
+* \capitaldotaccent: Accents. (line 4742)
+* \capitalgrave: Accents. (line 4725)
+* \capitalhungarumlaut: Accents. (line 4746)
+* \capitalmacron: Accents. (line 4717)
+* \capitalnewtie: Accents. (line 4768)
+* \capitalogonek: Accents. (line 4757)
+* \capitalring: Accents. (line 4762)
+* \capitaltie: Accents. (line 4768)
+* \capitaltilde: Accents. (line 4731)
+* \caption: figure. (line 1355)
+* \cc: \cc. (line 5099)
+* \cdot: Math symbols. (line 3245)
+* \cdots: Math miscellany. (line 3977)
+* \centering: \centering. (line 1143)
+* \chapter: Sectioning. (line 952)
+* \check: Math accents. (line 3916)
+* \chi: Math symbols. (line 3248)
+* \circ: Math symbols. (line 3251)
+* \circle: \circle. (line 1753)
+* \cite: \cite. (line 2295)
+* \cleardoublepage: \cleardoublepage. (line 2545)
+* \clearpage: \clearpage. (line 2553)
+* \cline: \cline. (line 2228)
+* \closing: \closing. (line 5109)
+* \clubsuit: Math symbols. (line 3254)
+* \columnsep: \twocolumn. (line 831)
+* \columnseprule: \twocolumn. (line 834)
+* \columnwidth: \twocolumn. (line 838)
+* \cong: Math symbols. (line 3257)
+* \contentsline: \addcontentsline. (line 4974)
+* \coprod: Math symbols. (line 3260)
+* \copyright: Text symbols. (line 4521)
+* \cos: Math functions. (line 3813)
+* \cosh: Math functions. (line 3816)
+* \cot: Math functions. (line 3819)
+* \coth: Math functions. (line 3822)
+* \csc: Math functions. (line 3825)
+* \cup: Math symbols. (line 3263)
+* \d (dot-under accent): Accents. (line 4742)
+* \dag: Text symbols. (line 4525)
+* \dagger: Math symbols. (line 3266)
+* \dashbox: \dashbox. (line 1806)
+* \dashv: Math symbols. (line 3269)
+* \date{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 4079)
+* \day: \day \month \year. (line 2964)
+* \dblfloatpagefraction: \twocolumn. (line 849)
+* \dblfloatsep: \twocolumn. (line 853)
+* \dbltextfloatsep: \twocolumn. (line 858)
+* \dbltopfraction: \twocolumn. (line 844)
+* \ddag: Text symbols. (line 4528)
+* \ddagger: Math symbols. (line 3272)
+* \ddot: Math accents. (line 3919)
+* \ddots: Math miscellany. (line 3981)
+* \deg: Math functions. (line 3828)
+* \Delta: Math symbols. (line 3275)
+* \delta: Math symbols. (line 3278)
+* \depth: Predefined lengths. (line 3020)
+* \det: Math functions. (line 3831)
+* \dh (d): Non-English characters.
+ (line 4801)
+* \DH (D): Non-English characters.
+ (line 4801)
+* \Diamond: Math symbols. (line 3281)
+* \diamond: Math symbols. (line 3284)
+* \diamondsuit: Math symbols. (line 3287)
+* \dim: Math functions. (line 3834)
+* \displaystyle: Math formulas. (line 3142)
+* \div: Math symbols. (line 3290)
* \dj: Non-English characters.
- (line 4645)
+ (line 4805)
* \DJ: Non-English characters.
- (line 4645)
-* \documentclass: Document classes. (line 355)
-* \documentclass, commands before: filecontents. (line 1287)
-* \dot: Math accents. (line 3779)
-* \doteq: Math symbols. (line 3150)
-* \dotfill: \dotfill. (line 4106)
-* \dots: Text symbols. (line 4385)
-* \doublerulesep: tabular. (line 2054)
-* \downarrow: Math symbols. (line 3153)
-* \Downarrow: Math symbols. (line 3156)
-* \ell: Math symbols. (line 3159)
-* \em: Font styles. (line 552)
-* \emph: Font styles. (line 479)
-* \emptyset: Math symbols. (line 3162)
-* \encl: \encl. (line 4958)
-* \end: Environments. (line 930)
-* \enlargethispage: \enlargethispage. (line 2425)
-* \enumi: enumerate. (line 1105)
-* \enumii: enumerate. (line 1105)
-* \enumiii: enumerate. (line 1105)
-* \enumiv: enumerate. (line 1105)
-* \epsilon: Math symbols. (line 3165)
-* \equiv: Math symbols. (line 3168)
-* \eta: Math symbols. (line 3171)
+ (line 4805)
+* \documentclass: Document classes. (line 459)
+* \documentclass, commands before: filecontents. (line 1424)
+* \dot: Math accents. (line 3922)
+* \doteq: Math symbols. (line 3293)
+* \dotfill: \dotfill. (line 4261)
+* \dots: Text symbols. (line 4545)
+* \doublerulesep: tabular. (line 2194)
+* \downarrow: Math symbols. (line 3296)
+* \Downarrow: Math symbols. (line 3299)
+* \ell: Math symbols. (line 3302)
+* \em: Font styles. (line 683)
+* \emph: Font styles. (line 610)
+* \emptyset: Math symbols. (line 3305)
+* \encl: \encl. (line 5119)
+* \end: Environments. (line 1062)
+* \enlargethispage: \enlargethispage. (line 2565)
+* \enumi: enumerate. (line 1238)
+* \enumii: enumerate. (line 1238)
+* \enumiii: enumerate. (line 1238)
+* \enumiv: enumerate. (line 1238)
+* \epsilon: Math symbols. (line 3308)
+* \equiv: Math symbols. (line 3311)
+* \eta: Math symbols. (line 3314)
* \evensidemargin: Document class options.
- (line 416)
-* \exists: Math symbols. (line 3174)
-* \exp: Math functions. (line 3694)
-* \extracolsep: tabular. (line 2017)
+ (line 541)
+* \exists: Math symbols. (line 3317)
+* \exp: Math functions. (line 3837)
+* \extracolsep: tabular. (line 2157)
* \fbox: \fbox and \framebox.
- (line 4176)
+ (line 4333)
* \fboxrule: \framebox (picture).
- (line 1661)
+ (line 1800)
* \fboxrule <1>: \fbox and \framebox.
- (line 4188)
+ (line 4345)
* \fboxsep: \framebox (picture).
- (line 1661)
+ (line 1800)
* \fboxsep <1>: \fbox and \framebox.
- (line 4188)
-* \fill: \hfill. (line 4042)
-* \flat: Math symbols. (line 3177)
-* \floatpagefraction: figure. (line 1232)
-* \floatsep: figure. (line 1247)
-* \flushbottom: \flushbottom. (line 734)
+ (line 4345)
+* \fill: \hfill. (line 4189)
+* \flat: Math symbols. (line 3320)
+* \floatpagefraction: figure. (line 1365)
+* \floatsep: figure. (line 1380)
+* \flushbottom: \flushbottom. (line 865)
* \fnsymbol: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 2753)
-* \fnsymbol, and footnotes: Symbolic footnotes. (line 2514)
+ (line 2895)
+* \fnsymbol, and footnotes: Symbolic footnotes. (line 2654)
* \fontencoding: Low-level font commands.
- (line 614)
+ (line 745)
* \fontfamily: Low-level font commands.
- (line 617)
+ (line 748)
* \fontseries: Low-level font commands.
- (line 626)
+ (line 757)
* \fontshape: Low-level font commands.
- (line 637)
+ (line 768)
* \fontsize: Low-level font commands.
- (line 649)
-* \footnote: \footnote. (line 2465)
-* \footnotemark: \footnotemark. (line 2480)
+ (line 780)
+* \footnote: \footnote. (line 2605)
+* \footnotemark: \footnotemark. (line 2620)
* \footnoterule: Footnote parameters.
- (line 2522)
+ (line 2662)
* \footnotesep: Footnote parameters.
- (line 2528)
-* \footnotesize: Font sizes. (line 588)
-* \footnotetext: \footnotetext. (line 2495)
+ (line 2668)
+* \footnotesize: Font sizes. (line 719)
+* \footnotetext: \footnotetext. (line 2635)
* \footskip: Page layout parameters.
- (line 759)
-* \forall: Math symbols. (line 3180)
-* \frac: Math miscellany. (line 3842)
-* \frac{num}{den}: Math miscellany. (line 3841)
-* \frame: \frame. (line 1682)
+ (line 890)
+* \forall: Math symbols. (line 3323)
+* \frac: Math miscellany. (line 3985)
+* \frac{num}{den}: Math miscellany. (line 3984)
+* \frame: \frame. (line 1821)
* \framebox: \framebox (picture).
- (line 1653)
+ (line 1792)
* \framebox <1>: \fbox and \framebox.
- (line 4176)
-* \frown: Math symbols. (line 3183)
-* \fussy: \fussy. (line 2347)
-* \Gamma: Math symbols. (line 3186)
-* \gamma: Math symbols. (line 3189)
-* \gcd: Math functions. (line 3697)
-* \ge: Math symbols. (line 3192)
-* \geq: Math symbols. (line 3195)
-* \gets: Math symbols. (line 3198)
-* \gg: Math symbols. (line 3201)
-* \glossary: Glossaries. (line 4836)
-* \glossaryentry: Glossaries. (line 4839)
-* \grave: Math accents. (line 3782)
-* \guillemotleft (<<): Text symbols. (line 4377)
-* \guillemotright (>>): Text symbols. (line 4378)
-* \guilsinglleft (<): Text symbols. (line 4379)
-* \guilsinglright (>): Text symbols. (line 4380)
-* \H (Hungarian umlaut accent): Accents. (line 4586)
-* \hat: Math accents. (line 3785)
-* \hbar: Math symbols. (line 3204)
+ (line 4333)
+* \frown: Math symbols. (line 3326)
+* \fussy: \fussy. (line 2487)
+* \Gamma: Math symbols. (line 3329)
+* \gamma: Math symbols. (line 3332)
+* \gcd: Math functions. (line 3840)
+* \ge: Math symbols. (line 3335)
+* \geq: Math symbols. (line 3338)
+* \gets: Math symbols. (line 3341)
+* \gg: Math symbols. (line 3344)
+* \glossary: Glossaries. (line 4997)
+* \glossaryentry: Glossaries. (line 5000)
+* \grave: Math accents. (line 3925)
+* \guillemotleft (<<): Text symbols. (line 4537)
+* \guillemotright (>>): Text symbols. (line 4538)
+* \guilsinglleft (<): Text symbols. (line 4539)
+* \guilsinglright (>): Text symbols. (line 4540)
+* \H (Hungarian umlaut accent): Accents. (line 4746)
+* \hat: Math accents. (line 3928)
+* \hbar: Math symbols. (line 3347)
* \headheight: Page layout parameters.
- (line 749)
+ (line 880)
* \headsep: Page layout parameters.
- (line 754)
-* \heartsuit: Math symbols. (line 3207)
-* \height: Predefined lengths. (line 2875)
-* \hfill: \hfill. (line 4039)
-* \hline: \hline. (line 2099)
-* \hom: Math functions. (line 3700)
-* \hookleftarrow: Math symbols. (line 3210)
-* \hookrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3213)
-* \hrulefill: \hrulefill. (line 4099)
+ (line 885)
+* \heartsuit: Math symbols. (line 3350)
+* \height: Predefined lengths. (line 3018)
+* \hfill: \hfill. (line 4186)
+* \hline: \hline. (line 2239)
+* \hom: Math functions. (line 3843)
+* \hookleftarrow: Math symbols. (line 3353)
+* \hookrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3356)
+* \hrulefill: \hrulefill. (line 4254)
* \hsize: Page layout parameters.
- (line 799)
-* \hspace: \hspace. (line 4024)
-* \huge: Font sizes. (line 588)
-* \Huge: Font sizes. (line 588)
-* \hyphenation: \hyphenation. (line 2365)
-* \i (dotless i): Accents. (line 4590)
-* \iff: Math symbols. (line 3216)
+ (line 930)
+* \hspace: \hspace. (line 4171)
+* \huge: Font sizes. (line 719)
+* \Huge: Font sizes. (line 719)
+* \hyphenation: \hyphenation. (line 2505)
+* \i (dotless i): Accents. (line 4750)
+* \iff: Math symbols. (line 3359)
* \ij (ij): Non-English characters.
- (line 4649)
+ (line 4809)
* \IJ (IJ): Non-English characters.
- (line 4649)
-* \Im: Math symbols. (line 3219)
-* \imath: Math accents. (line 3788)
-* \in: Math symbols. (line 3222)
-* \include: \include. (line 4720)
-* \includeonly: \includeonly. (line 4738)
-* \indent: \indent. (line 2900)
-* \index: Indexes. (line 4852)
-* \indexentry: Indexes. (line 4855)
-* \inf: Math functions. (line 3703)
-* \infty: Math symbols. (line 3225)
-* \input: \input. (line 4752)
-* \int: Math symbols. (line 3228)
-* \intextsep: figure. (line 1251)
-* \iota: Math symbols. (line 3231)
-* \it: Font styles. (line 555)
-* \item: description. (line 1041)
-* \item <1>: enumerate. (line 1095)
-* \item <2>: itemize. (line 1374)
-* \itemindent: itemize. (line 1417)
-* \itemsep: itemize. (line 1439)
-* \itshape: Font styles. (line 476)
-* \j (dotless j): Accents. (line 4593)
-* \jmath: Math accents. (line 3791)
-* \Join: Math symbols. (line 3234)
-* \k (ogonek): Accents. (line 4597)
-* \kappa: Math symbols. (line 3237)
-* \ker: Math functions. (line 3706)
-* \kill: tabbing. (line 1893)
+ (line 4809)
+* \Im: Math symbols. (line 3362)
+* \imath: Math accents. (line 3931)
+* \in: Math symbols. (line 3365)
+* \include: \include. (line 4880)
+* \includeonly: \includeonly. (line 4898)
+* \indent: \indent. (line 3043)
+* \index: Indexes. (line 5013)
+* \indexentry: Indexes. (line 5016)
+* \inf: Math functions. (line 3846)
+* \infty: Math symbols. (line 3368)
+* \input: \input. (line 4912)
+* \int: Math symbols. (line 3371)
+* \intextsep: figure. (line 1384)
+* \iota: Math symbols. (line 3374)
+* \it: Font styles. (line 686)
+* \item: description. (line 1174)
+* \item <1>: enumerate. (line 1228)
+* \item <2>: itemize. (line 1511)
+* \itemindent: itemize. (line 1554)
+* \itemsep: itemize. (line 1576)
+* \itshape: Font styles. (line 607)
+* \j (dotless j): Accents. (line 4753)
+* \jmath: Math accents. (line 3934)
+* \Join: Math symbols. (line 3377)
+* \k (ogonek): Accents. (line 4757)
+* \kappa: Math symbols. (line 3380)
+* \ker: Math functions. (line 3849)
+* \kill: tabbing. (line 2033)
* \l (/l): Non-English characters.
- (line 4653)
+ (line 4813)
* \L (/L): Non-English characters.
- (line 4653)
-* \label: \label. (line 876)
-* \labelenumi: enumerate. (line 1109)
-* \labelenumii: enumerate. (line 1109)
-* \labelenumiii: enumerate. (line 1109)
-* \labelenumiv: enumerate. (line 1109)
-* \labelitemi: itemize. (line 1397)
-* \labelitemii: itemize. (line 1397)
-* \labelitemiii: itemize. (line 1397)
-* \labelitemiv: itemize. (line 1397)
-* \labelsep: itemize. (line 1420)
-* \labelwidth: itemize. (line 1423)
-* \Lambda: Math symbols. (line 3240)
-* \lambda: Math symbols. (line 3243)
-* \land: Math symbols. (line 3246)
-* \langle: Math symbols. (line 3249)
-* \large: Font sizes. (line 588)
-* \Large: Font sizes. (line 588)
-* \LARGE: Font sizes. (line 588)
-* \LaTeX: Text symbols. (line 4374)
-* \lbrace: Math symbols. (line 3252)
-* \lbrack: Math symbols. (line 3255)
-* \lceil: Math symbols. (line 3258)
-* \ldots: Text symbols. (line 4384)
-* \le: Math symbols. (line 3261)
-* \leadsto: Math symbols. (line 3264)
-* \left DELIM1 ... \right DELIM2: Math miscellany. (line 3844)
-* \Leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 3266)
-* \leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 3269)
-* \lefteqn: eqnarray. (line 1148)
-* \leftharpoondown: Math symbols. (line 3272)
-* \leftharpoonup: Math symbols. (line 3275)
-* \leftmargin: itemize. (line 1404)
-* \leftmargini: itemize. (line 1404)
-* \leftmarginii: itemize. (line 1404)
-* \leftmarginiii: itemize. (line 1404)
-* \leftmarginiv: itemize. (line 1404)
-* \leftmarginv: itemize. (line 1404)
-* \leftmarginvi: itemize. (line 1404)
-* \Leftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3278)
-* \leftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3281)
-* \leq: Math symbols. (line 3284)
-* \lfloor: Math symbols. (line 3287)
-* \lg: Math functions. (line 3709)
-* \lhd: Math symbols. (line 3290)
-* \lim: Math functions. (line 3712)
-* \liminf: Math functions. (line 3715)
-* \limsup: Math functions. (line 3718)
-* \line: \line. (line 1693)
+ (line 4813)
+* \label: \label. (line 1007)
+* \labelenumi: enumerate. (line 1242)
+* \labelenumii: enumerate. (line 1242)
+* \labelenumiii: enumerate. (line 1242)
+* \labelenumiv: enumerate. (line 1242)
+* \labelitemi: itemize. (line 1534)
+* \labelitemii: itemize. (line 1534)
+* \labelitemiii: itemize. (line 1534)
+* \labelitemiv: itemize. (line 1534)
+* \labelsep: itemize. (line 1557)
+* \labelwidth: itemize. (line 1560)
+* \Lambda: Math symbols. (line 3383)
+* \lambda: Math symbols. (line 3386)
+* \land: Math symbols. (line 3389)
+* \langle: Math symbols. (line 3392)
+* \large: Font sizes. (line 719)
+* \Large: Font sizes. (line 719)
+* \LARGE: Font sizes. (line 719)
+* \LaTeX: Text symbols. (line 4531)
+* \LaTeXe: Text symbols. (line 4534)
+* \lbrace: Math symbols. (line 3395)
+* \lbrack: Math symbols. (line 3398)
+* \lceil: Math symbols. (line 3401)
+* \ldots: Text symbols. (line 4544)
+* \le: Math symbols. (line 3404)
+* \leadsto: Math symbols. (line 3407)
+* \left DELIM1 ... \right DELIM2: Math miscellany. (line 3987)
+* \Leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 3409)
+* \leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 3412)
+* \lefteqn: eqnarray. (line 1281)
+* \leftharpoondown: Math symbols. (line 3415)
+* \leftharpoonup: Math symbols. (line 3418)
+* \leftmargin: itemize. (line 1541)
+* \leftmargini: itemize. (line 1541)
+* \leftmarginii: itemize. (line 1541)
+* \leftmarginiii: itemize. (line 1541)
+* \leftmarginiv: itemize. (line 1541)
+* \leftmarginv: itemize. (line 1541)
+* \leftmarginvi: itemize. (line 1541)
+* \Leftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3421)
+* \leftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3424)
+* \leq: Math symbols. (line 3427)
+* \lfloor: Math symbols. (line 3430)
+* \lg: Math functions. (line 3852)
+* \lhd: Math symbols. (line 3433)
+* \lim: Math functions. (line 3855)
+* \liminf: Math functions. (line 3858)
+* \limsup: Math functions. (line 3861)
+* \line: \line. (line 1832)
* \linebreak: \linebreak & \nolinebreak.
- (line 2381)
+ (line 2521)
* \linespread: Low-level font commands.
- (line 662)
-* \linethickness: \linethickness. (line 1708)
+ (line 793)
+* \linethickness: \linethickness. (line 1846)
* \linewidth: Page layout parameters.
- (line 764)
-* \listoffigures: Tables of contents. (line 4780)
-* \listoftables: Tables of contents. (line 4780)
-* \listparindent: itemize. (line 1426)
-* \ll: Math symbols. (line 3293)
-* \ln: Math functions. (line 3721)
-* \lnot: Math symbols. (line 3296)
-* \location: \location. (line 4967)
-* \log: Math functions. (line 3724)
-* \longleftarrow: Math symbols. (line 3299)
-* \longleftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3302)
-* \longmapsto: Math symbols. (line 3305)
-* \longrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3308)
-* \lor: Math symbols. (line 3311)
-* \lq: Text symbols. (line 4390)
-* \makebox: \makebox. (line 4208)
-* \makebox (picture): \makebox (picture). (line 1627)
-* \makeglossary: Glossaries. (line 4834)
-* \makeindex: Indexes. (line 4849)
-* \makelabels: \makelabels. (line 4975)
-* \maketitle: \maketitle. (line 3922)
-* \mapsto: Math symbols. (line 3314)
-* \marginpar: Marginal notes. (line 2924)
-* \marginparpush: Marginal notes. (line 2951)
-* \marginparsep: Marginal notes. (line 2955)
-* \marginparwidth: Marginal notes. (line 2959)
-* \markboth{LEFT}{RIGHT}: \pagestyle. (line 3995)
-* \markright{RIGHT}: \pagestyle. (line 4002)
-* \mathbf: Font styles. (line 509)
-* \mathcal: Font styles. (line 525)
-* \mathnormal: Font styles. (line 522)
-* \mathring: Math accents. (line 3794)
-* \mathrm: Font styles. (line 506)
-* \mathsf: Font styles. (line 512)
-* \mathtt: Font styles. (line 515)
-* \mathversion: Font styles. (line 527)
-* \max: Math functions. (line 3727)
-* \mbox: \mbox. (line 4169)
-* \mdseries: Font styles. (line 482)
+ (line 895)
+* \listoffigures: Tables of contents. (line 4940)
+* \listoftables: Tables of contents. (line 4940)
+* \listparindent: itemize. (line 1563)
+* \ll: Math symbols. (line 3436)
+* \ln: Math functions. (line 3864)
+* \lnot: Math symbols. (line 3439)
+* \location: \location. (line 5128)
+* \log: Math functions. (line 3867)
+* \longleftarrow: Math symbols. (line 3442)
+* \longleftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3445)
+* \longmapsto: Math symbols. (line 3448)
+* \longrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3451)
+* \lor: Math symbols. (line 3454)
+* \lq: Text symbols. (line 4550)
+* \makebox: \makebox. (line 4365)
+* \makebox (for 'picture'): \makebox (picture). (line 1765)
+* \makeglossary: Glossaries. (line 4995)
+* \makeindex: Indexes. (line 5010)
+* \makelabels: \makelabels. (line 5136)
+* \maketitle: \maketitle. (line 4068)
+* \mapsto: Math symbols. (line 3457)
+* \marginpar: Marginal notes. (line 3067)
+* \marginparpush: Marginal notes. (line 3094)
+* \marginparsep: Marginal notes. (line 3098)
+* \marginparwidth: Marginal notes. (line 3102)
+* \markboth{LEFT}{RIGHT}: \pagestyle. (line 4142)
+* \markright{RIGHT}: \pagestyle. (line 4149)
+* \mathbf: Font styles. (line 640)
+* \mathcal: Font styles. (line 656)
+* \mathnormal: Font styles. (line 653)
+* \mathring: Math accents. (line 3937)
+* \mathrm: Font styles. (line 637)
+* \mathsf: Font styles. (line 643)
+* \mathtt: Font styles. (line 646)
+* \mathversion: Font styles. (line 658)
+* \max: Math functions. (line 3870)
+* \mbox: \mbox. (line 4326)
+* \mbox, and LR mode: Modes. (line 4041)
+* \mdseries: Font styles. (line 613)
* \medskip: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
- (line 4130)
+ (line 4287)
* \medskipamount: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
- (line 4130)
-* \mho: Math symbols. (line 3317)
-* \mid: Math symbols. (line 3319)
-* \min: Math functions. (line 3730)
-* \models: Math symbols. (line 3322)
-* \month: \day \month \year. (line 2821)
-* \mp: Math symbols. (line 3325)
-* \mu: Math symbols. (line 3328)
-* \multicolumn: \multicolumn. (line 2066)
-* \multiput: \multiput. (line 1732)
-* \nabla: Math symbols. (line 3331)
-* \name: \name. (line 4983)
-* \natural: Math symbols. (line 3334)
-* \ne: Math symbols. (line 3337)
-* \nearrow: Math symbols. (line 3340)
-* \neg: Math symbols. (line 3343)
-* \neq: Math symbols. (line 3346)
+ (line 4287)
+* \mho: Math symbols. (line 3460)
+* \mid: Math symbols. (line 3462)
+* \min: Math functions. (line 3873)
+* \models: Math symbols. (line 3465)
+* \month: \day \month \year. (line 2964)
+* \mp: Math symbols. (line 3468)
+* \mu: Math symbols. (line 3471)
+* \multicolumn: \multicolumn. (line 2206)
+* \multiput: \multiput. (line 1870)
+* \nabla: Math symbols. (line 3474)
+* \name: \name. (line 5144)
+* \natural: Math symbols. (line 3477)
+* \ne: Math symbols. (line 3480)
+* \nearrow: Math symbols. (line 3483)
+* \neg: Math symbols. (line 3486)
+* \neq: Math symbols. (line 3489)
* \newcommand: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 2543)
-* \newcounter: \newcounter. (line 2579)
+ (line 2683)
+* \newcounter: \newcounter. (line 2721)
* \newenvironment: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
- (line 2618)
-* \newfont: \newfont. (line 2685)
-* \newlength: \newlength. (line 2594)
-* \newline: \newline. (line 2328)
-* \NEWLINE: \SPACE. (line 4049)
-* \newpage: \newpage. (line 2419)
-* \newsavebox: \newsavebox. (line 2608)
-* \newtheorem: \newtheorem. (line 2657)
-* \newtie: Accents. (line 4608)
+ (line 2760)
+* \newfont: \newfont. (line 2827)
+* \newlength: \newlength. (line 2736)
+* \newline: \newline. (line 2468)
+* \NEWLINE: \SPACE. (line 4196)
+* \newpage: \newpage. (line 2559)
+* \newsavebox: \newsavebox. (line 2750)
+* \newtheorem: \newtheorem. (line 2799)
+* \newtie: Accents. (line 4768)
* \ng: Non-English characters.
- (line 4657)
+ (line 4817)
* \NG: Non-English characters.
- (line 4657)
-* \ni: Math symbols. (line 3349)
-* \nocite: \nocite. (line 2169)
-* \nofiles: Tables of contents. (line 4784)
-* \noindent: \noindent. (line 2911)
+ (line 4817)
+* \ni: Math symbols. (line 3492)
+* \nocite: \nocite. (line 2309)
+* \nocorr: Font styles. (line 595)
+* \nocorrlist: Font styles. (line 595)
+* \nofiles: Tables of contents. (line 4945)
+* \noindent: \noindent. (line 3054)
* \nolinebreak: \linebreak & \nolinebreak.
- (line 2381)
-* \nonumber: eqnarray. (line 1143)
+ (line 2521)
+* \nonumber: eqnarray. (line 1276)
* \nopagebreak: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
- (line 2440)
-* \normalfont: Font styles. (line 503)
-* \normalmarginpar: Marginal notes. (line 2939)
-* \normalsize: Font sizes. (line 588)
-* \not: Math symbols. (line 3352)
-* \notin: Math symbols. (line 3355)
-* \nu: Math symbols. (line 3358)
-* \nwarrow: Math symbols. (line 3361)
+ (line 2580)
+* \normalfont: Font styles. (line 634)
+* \normalmarginpar: Marginal notes. (line 3082)
+* \normalsize: Font sizes. (line 719)
+* \not: Math symbols. (line 3495)
+* \notin: Math symbols. (line 3498)
+* \nu: Math symbols. (line 3501)
+* \nwarrow: Math symbols. (line 3504)
* \o (/o): Non-English characters.
- (line 4661)
+ (line 4821)
* \O (/O): Non-English characters.
- (line 4661)
+ (line 4821)
* \obeycr: \obeycr & \restorecr.
- (line 2319)
+ (line 2459)
* \oddsidemargin: Document class options.
- (line 416)
-* \odot: Math symbols. (line 3364)
+ (line 541)
+* \odot: Math symbols. (line 3507)
* \oe (oe): Non-English characters.
- (line 4665)
+ (line 4825)
* \OE (OE): Non-English characters.
- (line 4665)
-* \oint: Math symbols. (line 3367)
-* \oldstylenums: Font styles. (line 531)
-* \Omega: Math symbols. (line 3370)
-* \omega: Math symbols. (line 3373)
-* \ominus: Math symbols. (line 3376)
-* \onecolumn: \onecolumn. (line 684)
-* \opening: \opening. (line 4991)
-* \oplus: Math symbols. (line 3379)
-* \oslash: Math symbols. (line 3382)
-* \otimes: Math symbols. (line 3385)
-* \oval: \oval. (line 1742)
-* \overbrace{TEXT}: Math miscellany. (line 3849)
-* \overline{TEXT}: Math miscellany. (line 3853)
-* \owns: Math symbols. (line 3388)
-* \P: Text symbols. (line 4393)
+ (line 4825)
+* \oint: Math symbols. (line 3510)
+* \oldstylenums: Font styles. (line 662)
+* \Omega: Math symbols. (line 3513)
+* \omega: Math symbols. (line 3516)
+* \ominus: Math symbols. (line 3519)
+* \onecolumn: \onecolumn. (line 815)
+* \opening: \opening. (line 5152)
+* \oplus: Math symbols. (line 3522)
+* \oslash: Math symbols. (line 3525)
+* \otimes: Math symbols. (line 3528)
+* \oval: \oval. (line 1880)
+* \overbrace{TEXT}: Math miscellany. (line 3992)
+* \overline{TEXT}: Math miscellany. (line 3996)
+* \owns: Math symbols. (line 3531)
+* \P: Text symbols. (line 4553)
* \pagebreak: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
- (line 2440)
-* \pagenumbering: \pagenumbering. (line 3948)
-* \pageref: \pageref. (line 908)
-* \pagestyle: \pagestyle. (line 3972)
-* \paragraph: Sectioning. (line 826)
-* \parallel: Math symbols. (line 3391)
-* \parbox: \parbox. (line 4233)
-* \parindent: minipage. (line 1529)
-* \parindent <1>: \indent. (line 2900)
-* \parsep: itemize. (line 1444)
-* \parskip: \parskip. (line 2918)
-* \parskip example: itemize. (line 1460)
-* \part: Sectioning. (line 820)
-* \partial: Math symbols. (line 3394)
-* \partopsep: itemize. (line 1454)
-* \perp: Math symbols. (line 3397)
-* \phi: Math symbols. (line 3400)
-* \Pi: Math symbols. (line 3403)
-* \pi: Math symbols. (line 3406)
-* \pm: Math symbols. (line 3409)
-* \pmod: Math functions. (line 3733)
-* \poptabs: tabbing. (line 1899)
-* \poptabs <1>: tabbing. (line 1900)
-* \pounds: Text symbols. (line 4397)
-* \Pr: Math functions. (line 3736)
-* \prec: Math symbols. (line 3412)
-* \preceq: Math symbols. (line 3415)
-* \prime: Math symbols. (line 3418)
-* \prod: Math symbols. (line 3421)
-* \propto: Math symbols. (line 3424)
-* \protect: \protect. (line 2699)
-* \ps: \ps. (line 5003)
-* \Psi: Math symbols. (line 3427)
-* \psi: Math symbols. (line 3430)
-* \pushtabs: tabbing. (line 1902)
-* \put: \put. (line 1766)
-* \quotedblbase (,,): Text symbols. (line 4401)
-* \quotesinglbase (,): Text symbols. (line 4402)
-* \r (ring accent): Accents. (line 4602)
-* \raggedbottom: \raggedbottom. (line 743)
-* \raggedleft: \raggedleft. (line 1361)
-* \raggedright: \raggedright. (line 1335)
-* \raisebox: \raisebox. (line 4273)
-* \rangle: Math symbols. (line 3433)
-* \rbrace: Math symbols. (line 3436)
-* \rbrack: Math symbols. (line 3439)
-* \rceil: Math symbols. (line 3442)
-* \Re: Math symbols. (line 3445)
-* \ref: \ref. (line 918)
-* \refstepcounter: \refstepcounter. (line 2808)
+ (line 2580)
+* \pagenumbering: \pagenumbering. (line 4094)
+* \pageref: \pageref. (line 1040)
+* \pagestyle: \pagestyle. (line 4119)
+* \paragraph: Sectioning. (line 957)
+* \parallel: Math symbols. (line 3534)
+* \parbox: \parbox. (line 4390)
+* \parindent: minipage. (line 1666)
+* \parindent <1>: \indent. (line 3043)
+* \parsep: itemize. (line 1581)
+* \parskip: \parskip. (line 3061)
+* \parskip example: itemize. (line 1597)
+* \part: Sectioning. (line 951)
+* \partial: Math symbols. (line 3537)
+* \partopsep: itemize. (line 1591)
+* \perp: Math symbols. (line 3540)
+* \phi: Math symbols. (line 3543)
+* \Pi: Math symbols. (line 3546)
+* \pi: Math symbols. (line 3549)
+* \pm: Math symbols. (line 3552)
+* \pmod: Math functions. (line 3876)
+* \poptabs: tabbing. (line 2039)
+* \poptabs <1>: tabbing. (line 2040)
+* \pounds: Text symbols. (line 4557)
+* \Pr: Math functions. (line 3879)
+* \prec: Math symbols. (line 3555)
+* \preceq: Math symbols. (line 3558)
+* \prime: Math symbols. (line 3561)
+* \prod: Math symbols. (line 3564)
+* \propto: Math symbols. (line 3567)
+* \protect: \protect. (line 2841)
+* \ps: \ps. (line 5164)
+* \Psi: Math symbols. (line 3570)
+* \psi: Math symbols. (line 3573)
+* \pushtabs: tabbing. (line 2042)
+* \put: \put. (line 1904)
+* \quotedblbase (,,): Text symbols. (line 4561)
+* \quotesinglbase (,): Text symbols. (line 4562)
+* \r (ring accent): Accents. (line 4762)
+* \raggedbottom: \raggedbottom. (line 874)
+* \raggedleft: \raggedleft. (line 1498)
+* \raggedright: \raggedright. (line 1472)
+* \raisebox: \raisebox. (line 4430)
+* \rangle: Math symbols. (line 3576)
+* \rbrace: Math symbols. (line 3579)
+* \rbrack: Math symbols. (line 3582)
+* \rceil: Math symbols. (line 3585)
+* \Re: Math symbols. (line 3588)
+* \ref: \ref. (line 1050)
+* \refstepcounter: \refstepcounter. (line 2951)
* \renewenvironment: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
- (line 2618)
+ (line 2760)
* \restorecr: \obeycr & \restorecr.
- (line 2319)
-* \reversemarginpar: Marginal notes. (line 2939)
-* \rfloor: Math symbols. (line 3448)
-* \rhd: Math symbols. (line 3451)
-* \rho: Math symbols. (line 3454)
-* \right: Math miscellany. (line 3845)
-* \Rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3457)
-* \rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3460)
-* \rightharpoondown: Math symbols. (line 3463)
-* \rightharpoonup: Math symbols. (line 3466)
-* \rightleftharpoons: Math symbols. (line 3469)
-* \rightmargin: itemize. (line 1430)
-* \rm: Font styles. (line 558)
-* \rmfamily: Font styles. (line 473)
+ (line 2459)
+* \reversemarginpar: Marginal notes. (line 3082)
+* \rfloor: Math symbols. (line 3591)
+* \rhd: Math symbols. (line 3594)
+* \rho: Math symbols. (line 3597)
+* \right: Math miscellany. (line 3988)
+* \Rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3600)
+* \rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3603)
+* \rightharpoondown: Math symbols. (line 3606)
+* \rightharpoonup: Math symbols. (line 3609)
+* \rightleftharpoons: Math symbols. (line 3612)
+* \rightmargin: itemize. (line 1567)
+* \rm: Font styles. (line 689)
+* \rmfamily: Font styles. (line 604)
* \roman: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 2747)
-* \roman <1>: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 2750)
-* \rq: Text symbols. (line 4405)
-* \rule: \rule. (line 4678)
-* \S: Text symbols. (line 4408)
-* \savebox: \savebox. (line 4289)
-* \sbox: \sbox. (line 4301)
-* \sc: Font styles. (line 561)
-* \scriptsize: Font sizes. (line 588)
-* \scshape: Font styles. (line 497)
-* \searrow: Math symbols. (line 3472)
-* \sec: Math functions. (line 3739)
-* \section: Sectioning. (line 823)
-* \seename: Indexes. (line 4863)
+ (line 2889)
+* \Roman: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
+ (line 2892)
+* \rq: Text symbols. (line 4565)
+* \rule: \rule. (line 4838)
+* \S: Text symbols. (line 4568)
+* \savebox: \savebox. (line 4446)
+* \sbox: \sbox. (line 4458)
+* \sc: Font styles. (line 692)
+* \scriptsize: Font sizes. (line 719)
+* \scshape: Font styles. (line 628)
+* \searrow: Math symbols. (line 3615)
+* \sec: Math functions. (line 3882)
+* \section: Sectioning. (line 954)
+* \seename: Indexes. (line 5024)
* \selectfont: Low-level font commands.
- (line 668)
-* \setcounter: \setcounter. (line 2792)
-* \setlength: \setlength. (line 2838)
-* \setminus: Math symbols. (line 3475)
-* \settodepth: \settodepth. (line 2851)
-* \settoheight: \settoheight. (line 2859)
-* \settowidth: \settowidth. (line 2867)
-* \sf: Font styles. (line 564)
-* \sffamily: Font styles. (line 494)
-* \sharp: Math symbols. (line 3478)
-* \shortstack: \shortstack. (line 1774)
-* \Sigma: Math symbols. (line 3481)
-* \sigma: Math symbols. (line 3484)
-* \signature: \signature. (line 5009)
-* \sim: Math symbols. (line 3487)
-* \simeq: Math symbols. (line 3490)
-* \sin: Math functions. (line 3742)
-* \sinh: Math functions. (line 3745)
-* \sl: Font styles. (line 567)
-* \slshape: Font styles. (line 491)
-* \small: Font sizes. (line 588)
-* \smallint: Math symbols. (line 3493)
+ (line 799)
+* \setcounter: \setcounter. (line 2935)
+* \setlength: \setlength. (line 2981)
+* \setminus: Math symbols. (line 3618)
+* \settodepth: \settodepth. (line 2994)
+* \settoheight: \settoheight. (line 3002)
+* \settowidth: \settowidth. (line 3010)
+* \sf: Font styles. (line 695)
+* \sffamily: Font styles. (line 625)
+* \sharp: Math symbols. (line 3621)
+* \shortstack: \shortstack. (line 1914)
+* \Sigma: Math symbols. (line 3624)
+* \sigma: Math symbols. (line 3627)
+* \signature: \signature. (line 5170)
+* \sim: Math symbols. (line 3630)
+* \simeq: Math symbols. (line 3633)
+* \sin: Math functions. (line 3885)
+* \sinh: Math functions. (line 3888)
+* \sl: Font styles. (line 698)
+* \slshape: Font styles. (line 622)
+* \small: Font sizes. (line 719)
+* \smallint: Math symbols. (line 3636)
* \smallskip: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
- (line 4134)
+ (line 4292)
* \smallskipamount: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
- (line 4134)
-* \smile: Math symbols. (line 3496)
-* \SPACE: \SPACE. (line 4049)
-* \spadesuit: Math symbols. (line 3499)
-* \sqcap: Math symbols. (line 3502)
-* \sqcup: Math symbols. (line 3505)
-* \sqrt[ROOT]{arg}: Math miscellany. (line 3856)
-* \sqsubset: Math symbols. (line 3508)
-* \sqsubseteq: Math symbols. (line 3511)
-* \sqsupset: Math symbols. (line 3514)
-* \sqsupseteq: Math symbols. (line 3517)
+ (line 4292)
+* \smile: Math symbols. (line 3639)
+* \SPACE: \SPACE. (line 4196)
+* \spadesuit: Math symbols. (line 3642)
+* \sqcap: Math symbols. (line 3645)
+* \sqcup: Math symbols. (line 3648)
+* \sqrt[ROOT]{arg}: Math miscellany. (line 3999)
+* \sqsubset: Math symbols. (line 3651)
+* \sqsubseteq: Math symbols. (line 3654)
+* \sqsupset: Math symbols. (line 3657)
+* \sqsupseteq: Math symbols. (line 3660)
* \ss (ss): Non-English characters.
- (line 4669)
+ (line 4829)
* \SS (SS): Non-English characters.
- (line 4669)
-* \stackrel{TEXT}{RELATION}: Math miscellany. (line 3862)
-* \star: Math symbols. (line 3520)
-* \startbreaks: \startbreaks. (line 5015)
-* \stepcounter: \stepcounter. (line 2815)
-* \stop: Command line. (line 5079)
-* \stopbreaks: \stopbreaks. (line 5022)
-* \subparagraph: Sectioning. (line 827)
-* \subsection: Sectioning. (line 824)
-* \subset: Math symbols. (line 3523)
-* \subseteq: Math symbols. (line 3526)
-* \subsubsection: Sectioning. (line 825)
-* \succ: Math symbols. (line 3529)
-* \succeq: Math symbols. (line 3532)
-* \sum: Math symbols. (line 3535)
-* \sup: Math functions. (line 3748)
-* \supset: Math symbols. (line 3538)
-* \supseteq: Math symbols. (line 3541)
-* \surd: Math symbols. (line 3544)
-* \swarrow: Math symbols. (line 3547)
+ (line 4829)
+* \stackrel{TEXT}{RELATION}: Math miscellany. (line 4005)
+* \star: Math symbols. (line 3663)
+* \startbreaks: \startbreaks. (line 5176)
+* \stepcounter: \stepcounter. (line 2958)
+* \stop: Command line. (line 5243)
+* \stopbreaks: \stopbreaks. (line 5183)
+* \subparagraph: Sectioning. (line 958)
+* \subsection: Sectioning. (line 955)
+* \subset: Math symbols. (line 3666)
+* \subseteq: Math symbols. (line 3669)
+* \subsubsection: Sectioning. (line 956)
+* \succ: Math symbols. (line 3672)
+* \succeq: Math symbols. (line 3675)
+* \sum: Math symbols. (line 3678)
+* \sup: Math functions. (line 3891)
+* \supset: Math symbols. (line 3681)
+* \supseteq: Math symbols. (line 3684)
+* \surd: Math symbols. (line 3687)
+* \swarrow: Math symbols. (line 3690)
* \symbol: Reserved characters.
- (line 4348)
-* \t (tie-after accent): Accents. (line 4608)
-* \TAB: \SPACE. (line 4049)
-* \tabbingsep: tabbing. (line 1907)
-* \tabcolsep: tabular. (line 2058)
-* \tableofcontents: Tables of contents. (line 4770)
-* \tan: Math functions. (line 3751)
-* \tanh: Math functions. (line 3754)
-* \tau: Math symbols. (line 3550)
-* \telephone: \telephone. (line 5029)
-* \TeX: Text symbols. (line 4411)
-* \textascenderwordmark: Text symbols. (line 4449)
-* \textasciicircum: Text symbols. (line 4414)
-* \textasciitilde: Text symbols. (line 4417)
-* \textasteriskcentered: Text symbols. (line 4420)
-* \textbackslash: Text symbols. (line 4423)
-* \textbar: Text symbols. (line 4426)
-* \textbardbl: Text symbols. (line 4429)
-* \textbf: Font styles. (line 485)
-* \textbigcircle: Text symbols. (line 4432)
-* \textbraceleft: Text symbols. (line 4435)
-* \textbraceright: Text symbols. (line 4438)
-* \textbullet: Text symbols. (line 4441)
-* \textcapitalwordmark: Text symbols. (line 4448)
-* \textcircled{LETTER}: Text symbols. (line 4444)
-* \textcompwordmark: Text symbols. (line 4447)
-* \textcopyright: Text symbols. (line 4365)
-* \textdagger: Text symbols. (line 4454)
-* \textdaggerdbl: Text symbols. (line 4457)
-* \textdollar (or '$'): Text symbols. (line 4460)
-* \textellipsis: Text symbols. (line 4386)
-* \textemdash (or '---'): Text symbols. (line 4463)
-* \textendash (or '--'): Text symbols. (line 4466)
-* \texteuro: Text symbols. (line 4469)
-* \textexclamdown (or '!`'): Text symbols. (line 4472)
-* \textfloatsep: figure. (line 1256)
-* \textfraction: figure. (line 1236)
-* \textgreater: Text symbols. (line 4475)
+ (line 4505)
+* \t (tie-after accent): Accents. (line 4768)
+* \TAB: \SPACE. (line 4196)
+* \tabbingsep: tabbing. (line 2047)
+* \tabcolsep: tabular. (line 2198)
+* \tableofcontents: Tables of contents. (line 4930)
+* \tan: Math functions. (line 3894)
+* \tanh: Math functions. (line 3897)
+* \tau: Math symbols. (line 3693)
+* \telephone: \telephone. (line 5190)
+* \TeX: Text symbols. (line 4571)
+* \textascenderwordmark: Text symbols. (line 4609)
+* \textasciicircum: Text symbols. (line 4574)
+* \textasciitilde: Text symbols. (line 4577)
+* \textasteriskcentered: Text symbols. (line 4580)
+* \textbackslash: Text symbols. (line 4583)
+* \textbar: Text symbols. (line 4586)
+* \textbardbl: Text symbols. (line 4589)
+* \textbf: Font styles. (line 616)
+* \textbigcircle: Text symbols. (line 4592)
+* \textbraceleft: Text symbols. (line 4595)
+* \textbraceright: Text symbols. (line 4598)
+* \textbullet: Text symbols. (line 4601)
+* \textcapitalwordmark: Text symbols. (line 4608)
+* \textcircled{LETTER}: Text symbols. (line 4604)
+* \textcompwordmark: Text symbols. (line 4607)
+* \textcopyright: Text symbols. (line 4522)
+* \textdagger: Text symbols. (line 4614)
+* \textdaggerdbl: Text symbols. (line 4617)
+* \textdollar (or '$'): Text symbols. (line 4620)
+* \textellipsis: Text symbols. (line 4546)
+* \textemdash (or '---'): Text symbols. (line 4623)
+* \textendash (or '--'): Text symbols. (line 4626)
+* \texteuro: Text symbols. (line 4629)
+* \textexclamdown (or '!`'): Text symbols. (line 4632)
+* \textfloatsep: figure. (line 1389)
+* \textfraction: figure. (line 1369)
+* \textgreater: Text symbols. (line 4635)
* \textheight: Page layout parameters.
- (line 772)
-* \textit: Font styles. (line 476)
-* \textleftarrow: Text symbols. (line 4481)
-* \textless: Text symbols. (line 4478)
-* \textmd: Font styles. (line 482)
-* \textnormal: Font styles. (line 503)
-* \textordfeminine: Text symbols. (line 4484)
-* \textordmasculine: Text symbols. (line 4485)
-* \textparagraph: Text symbols. (line 4394)
-* \textperiodcentered: Text symbols. (line 4488)
-* \textquestiondown (or '?`'): Text symbols. (line 4491)
-* \textquotedblleft (or '``'): Text symbols. (line 4494)
-* \textquotedblright (or '''): Text symbols. (line 4497)
-* \textquoteleft (or '`'): Text symbols. (line 4500)
-* \textquoteright (or '''): Text symbols. (line 4503)
-* \textquotestraightbase: Text symbols. (line 4506)
-* \textquotestraightdblbase: Text symbols. (line 4507)
-* \textregistered: Text symbols. (line 4510)
-* \textrightarrow: Text symbols. (line 4513)
-* \textrm: Font styles. (line 473)
-* \textsc: Font styles. (line 497)
-* \textsf: Font styles. (line 494)
-* \textsl: Font styles. (line 491)
-* \textsterling: Text symbols. (line 4398)
-* \textthreequartersemdash: Text symbols. (line 4516)
-* \texttrademark: Text symbols. (line 4519)
-* \texttt: Font styles. (line 500)
-* \texttwelveudash: Text symbols. (line 4522)
-* \textunderscore: Text symbols. (line 4525)
-* \textup: Font styles. (line 488)
-* \textvisiblespace: Text symbols. (line 4528)
+ (line 903)
+* \textit: Font styles. (line 607)
+* \textleftarrow: Text symbols. (line 4641)
+* \textless: Text symbols. (line 4638)
+* \textmd: Font styles. (line 613)
+* \textnormal: Font styles. (line 634)
+* \textordfeminine: Text symbols. (line 4644)
+* \textordmasculine: Text symbols. (line 4645)
+* \textparagraph: Text symbols. (line 4554)
+* \textperiodcentered: Text symbols. (line 4648)
+* \textquestiondown (or '?`'): Text symbols. (line 4651)
+* \textquotedblleft (or '``'): Text symbols. (line 4654)
+* \textquotedblright (or '''): Text symbols. (line 4657)
+* \textquoteleft (or '`'): Text symbols. (line 4660)
+* \textquoteright (or '''): Text symbols. (line 4663)
+* \textquotestraightbase: Text symbols. (line 4666)
+* \textquotestraightdblbase: Text symbols. (line 4667)
+* \textregistered: Text symbols. (line 4670)
+* \textrightarrow: Text symbols. (line 4673)
+* \textrm: Font styles. (line 604)
+* \textsc: Font styles. (line 628)
+* \textsf: Font styles. (line 625)
+* \textsl: Font styles. (line 622)
+* \textsterling: Text symbols. (line 4558)
+* \textthreequartersemdash: Text symbols. (line 4676)
+* \texttrademark: Text symbols. (line 4679)
+* \texttt: Font styles. (line 631)
+* \texttwelveudash: Text symbols. (line 4682)
+* \textunderscore: Text symbols. (line 4685)
+* \textup: Font styles. (line 619)
+* \textvisiblespace: Text symbols. (line 4688)
* \textwidth: Page layout parameters.
- (line 779)
+ (line 910)
* \th (th): Non-English characters.
- (line 4673)
+ (line 4833)
* \TH (TH): Non-English characters.
- (line 4673)
-* \thanks{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 3937)
-* \theta: Math symbols. (line 3553)
-* \thicklines: \thicklines. (line 1718)
-* \thinlines: \thinlines. (line 1725)
-* \thinspace: \thinspace. (line 4075)
-* \thispagestyle: \thispagestyle. (line 4008)
-* \tilde: Math accents. (line 3797)
-* \times: Math symbols. (line 3556)
-* \tiny: Font sizes. (line 588)
-* \title{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 3941)
-* \to: Math symbols. (line 3559)
-* \today: \today. (line 4697)
-* \top: Math symbols. (line 3562)
-* \topfraction: figure. (line 1241)
+ (line 4833)
+* \thanks{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 4083)
+* \theta: Math symbols. (line 3696)
+* \thicklines: \thicklines. (line 1856)
+* \thinlines: \thinlines. (line 1863)
+* \thinspace: \thinspace. (line 4222)
+* \thispagestyle: \thispagestyle. (line 4155)
+* \tilde: Math accents. (line 3940)
+* \times: Math symbols. (line 3699)
+* \tiny: Font sizes. (line 719)
+* \title{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 4087)
+* \to: Math symbols. (line 3702)
+* \today: \today. (line 4857)
+* \top: Math symbols. (line 3705)
+* \topfraction: figure. (line 1374)
* \topmargin: Page layout parameters.
- (line 803)
-* \topnumber: figure. (line 1266)
-* \topsep: itemize. (line 1448)
+ (line 934)
+* \topsep: itemize. (line 1585)
* \topskip: Page layout parameters.
- (line 810)
-* \totalheight: Predefined lengths. (line 2879)
-* \totalnumber: figure. (line 1270)
-* \triangle: Math symbols. (line 3565)
-* \triangleleft: Math symbols. (line 3568)
-* \triangleright: Math symbols. (line 3571)
-* \tt: Font styles. (line 570)
-* \ttfamily: Font styles. (line 500)
-* \twocolumn: \twocolumn. (line 690)
-* \typein: \typein. (line 5040)
-* \typeout: \typeout. (line 5054)
-* \u (breve accent): Accents. (line 4613)
-* \unboldmath: Math formulas. (line 2994)
-* \underbar: Accents. (line 4616)
-* \underbrace{math}: Math miscellany. (line 3866)
-* \underline{text}: Math miscellany. (line 3869)
-* \unitlength: picture. (line 1550)
-* \unlhd: Math symbols. (line 3574)
-* \unrhd: Math symbols. (line 3577)
-* \Uparrow: Math symbols. (line 3580)
-* \uparrow: Math symbols. (line 3583)
-* \Updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 3586)
-* \updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 3589)
-* \uplus: Math symbols. (line 3592)
-* \upshape: Font styles. (line 488)
-* \Upsilon: Math symbols. (line 3595)
-* \upsilon: Math symbols. (line 3598)
-* \usebox: \usebox. (line 4313)
-* \usecounter: \usecounter. (line 2767)
+ (line 941)
+* \totalheight: Predefined lengths. (line 3022)
+* \triangle: Math symbols. (line 3708)
+* \triangleleft: Math symbols. (line 3711)
+* \triangleright: Math symbols. (line 3714)
+* \tt: Font styles. (line 701)
+* \ttfamily: Font styles. (line 631)
+* \twocolumn: \twocolumn. (line 821)
+* \typein: \typein. (line 5201)
+* \typeout: \typeout. (line 5215)
+* \u (breve accent): Accents. (line 4773)
+* \unboldmath: Math formulas. (line 3137)
+* \underbar: Accents. (line 4776)
+* \underbrace{math}: Math miscellany. (line 4009)
+* \underline{text}: Math miscellany. (line 4012)
+* \unitlength: picture. (line 1687)
+* \unlhd: Math symbols. (line 3717)
+* \unrhd: Math symbols. (line 3720)
+* \Uparrow: Math symbols. (line 3723)
+* \uparrow: Math symbols. (line 3726)
+* \Updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 3729)
+* \updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 3732)
+* \uplus: Math symbols. (line 3735)
+* \upshape: Font styles. (line 619)
+* \Upsilon: Math symbols. (line 3738)
+* \upsilon: Math symbols. (line 3741)
+* \usebox: \usebox. (line 4470)
+* \usecounter: \usecounter. (line 2910)
* \usefont: Low-level font commands.
- (line 672)
+ (line 803)
* \usepackage: Document class options.
- (line 435)
-* \v (breve accent): Accents. (line 4623)
-* \value: \value. (line 2778)
-* \varepsilon: Math symbols. (line 3601)
-* \varphi: Math symbols. (line 3604)
-* \varpi: Math symbols. (line 3607)
-* \varrho: Math symbols. (line 3610)
-* \varsigma: Math symbols. (line 3613)
-* \vartheta: Math symbols. (line 3616)
-* \vdash: Math symbols. (line 3619)
-* \vdots: Math miscellany. (line 3874)
-* \vdots <1>: Math miscellany. (line 3875)
-* \vec: Math accents. (line 3800)
-* \vector: \vector. (line 1793)
-* \vee: Math symbols. (line 3622)
-* \verb: \verb. (line 2261)
-* \Vert: Math symbols. (line 3625)
-* \vert: Math symbols. (line 3628)
-* \vfill: \vfill. (line 4142)
-* \vline: \vline. (line 2106)
-* \vspace: \vspace. (line 4149)
-* \wedge: Math symbols. (line 3631)
-* \widehat: Math accents. (line 3803)
-* \widehat <1>: Math accents. (line 3806)
-* \width: Predefined lengths. (line 2873)
-* \wp: Math symbols. (line 3634)
-* \wr: Math symbols. (line 3637)
-* \Xi: Math symbols. (line 3640)
-* \xi: Math symbols. (line 3643)
-* \year: \day \month \year. (line 2821)
-* \zeta: Math symbols. (line 3646)
-* \[: Math formulas. (line 2981)
-* \\ (for 'array'): array. (line 971)
-* \\ (for 'center'): center. (line 1003)
-* \\ (for 'eqnarray'): eqnarray. (line 1135)
-* \\ (for 'flushright'): flushright. (line 1354)
-* \\ (for '\shortstack' objects): \shortstack. (line 1788)
-* \\ (tabbing): tabbing. (line 1852)
-* \\ for 'flushleft': flushleft. (line 1328)
-* \\ for letters: Letters. (line 4915)
-* \\ for 'tabular': tabular. (line 1969)
-* \\ for 'verse': verse. (line 2289)
-* \\ for '\author': \maketitle. (line 3928)
-* \\ for '\title': \maketitle. (line 3942)
-* \\ force line break: \\. (line 2309)
-* \\* (for 'eqnarray'): eqnarray. (line 1140)
-* \]: Math formulas. (line 2981)
+ (line 559)
+* \v (breve accent): Accents. (line 4783)
+* \value: \value. (line 2921)
+* \varepsilon: Math symbols. (line 3744)
+* \varphi: Math symbols. (line 3747)
+* \varpi: Math symbols. (line 3750)
+* \varrho: Math symbols. (line 3753)
+* \varsigma: Math symbols. (line 3756)
+* \vartheta: Math symbols. (line 3759)
+* \vdash: Math symbols. (line 3762)
+* \vdots: Math miscellany. (line 4017)
+* \vdots <1>: Math miscellany. (line 4018)
+* \vec: Math accents. (line 3943)
+* \vector: \vector. (line 1933)
+* \vee: Math symbols. (line 3765)
+* \verb: \verb. (line 2401)
+* \Vert: Math symbols. (line 3768)
+* \vert: Math symbols. (line 3771)
+* \vfill: \vfill. (line 4299)
+* \vline: \vline. (line 2246)
+* \vspace: \vspace. (line 4306)
+* \wedge: Math symbols. (line 3774)
+* \widehat: Math accents. (line 3946)
+* \widehat <1>: Math accents. (line 3949)
+* \width: Predefined lengths. (line 3016)
+* \wp: Math symbols. (line 3777)
+* \wr: Math symbols. (line 3780)
+* \Xi: Math symbols. (line 3783)
+* \xi: Math symbols. (line 3786)
+* \year: \day \month \year. (line 2964)
+* \zeta: Math symbols. (line 3789)
+* \[: Math formulas. (line 3124)
+* \\ (for 'array'): array. (line 1104)
+* \\ (for 'center'): center. (line 1136)
+* \\ (for 'eqnarray'): eqnarray. (line 1268)
+* \\ (for 'flushright'): flushright. (line 1491)
+* \\ (for '\shortstack' objects): \shortstack. (line 1928)
+* \\ (tabbing): tabbing. (line 1992)
+* \\ for 'flushleft': flushleft. (line 1465)
+* \\ for letters: Letters. (line 5076)
+* \\ for 'tabular': tabular. (line 2109)
+* \\ for 'verse': verse. (line 2429)
+* \\ for '\author': \maketitle. (line 4074)
+* \\ for '\title': \maketitle. (line 4088)
+* \\ force line break: \\. (line 2449)
+* \\* (for 'eqnarray'): eqnarray. (line 1273)
+* \]: Math formulas. (line 3124)
* \^: Reserved characters.
- (line 4344)
-* \^ (circumflex accent): Accents. (line 4561)
+ (line 4501)
+* \^ (circumflex accent): Accents. (line 4721)
* \_: Reserved characters.
- (line 4334)
-* \` (grave accent): Accents. (line 4565)
-* \` (tabbing): tabbing. (line 1879)
+ (line 4491)
+* \` (grave accent): Accents. (line 4725)
+* \` (tabbing): tabbing. (line 2019)
* \{: Reserved characters.
- (line 4334)
-* \|: Math symbols. (line 3021)
+ (line 4491)
+* \|: Math symbols. (line 3164)
* \}: Reserved characters.
- (line 4334)
+ (line 4491)
* \~: Reserved characters.
- (line 4344)
-* \~ (tilde accent): Accents. (line 4571)
+ (line 4501)
+* \~ (tilde accent): Accents. (line 4731)
* ^: Subscripts & superscripts.
- (line 3007)
+ (line 3150)
* _: Subscripts & superscripts.
- (line 3007)
-* {...} for required arguments: Overview. (line 326)
+ (line 3150)
+* {...} for required arguments: LaTeX command syntax.
+ (line 435)
* a4paper option: Document class options.
- (line 385)
+ (line 503)
* a5paper option: Document class options.
- (line 385)
-* abstract environment: abstract. (line 940)
-* array environment: array. (line 951)
-* article class: Document classes. (line 362)
+ (line 503)
+* abstract environment: abstract. (line 1072)
+* array environment: array. (line 1083)
+* article class: Document classes. (line 464)
* b5paper option: Document class options.
- (line 385)
-* book class: Document classes. (line 362)
-* center environment: center. (line 996)
-* description environment: description. (line 1033)
-* displaymath environment: displaymath. (line 1056)
-* displaymath environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 2971)
-* document environment: document. (line 1076)
+ (line 503)
+* book class: Document classes. (line 464)
+* bottomnumber: figure. (line 1395)
+* center environment: center. (line 1129)
+* clock option to 'slides' class: Document class options.
+ (line 556)
+* dbltopnumber: figure. (line 1399)
+* description environment: description. (line 1166)
+* displaymath environment: displaymath. (line 1189)
+* displaymath environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 3114)
+* document environment: document. (line 1209)
* draft option: Document class options.
- (line 390)
-* enumerate environment: enumerate. (line 1082)
-* eqnarray environment: eqnarray. (line 1120)
-* equation environment: equation. (line 1155)
-* equation environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 2971)
+ (line 508)
+* dvipdfmx command: Output files. (line 347)
+* dvips command: Output files. (line 347)
+* dvitype command: Output files. (line 347)
+* enumerate environment: enumerate. (line 1215)
+* eqnarray environment: eqnarray. (line 1253)
+* equation environment: equation. (line 1288)
+* equation environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 3114)
+* etex command: TeX engines. (line 395)
* executivepaper option: Document class options.
- (line 385)
-* figure: figure. (line 1168)
-* filecontents: filecontents. (line 1279)
+ (line 503)
+* figure: figure. (line 1301)
+* filecontents: filecontents. (line 1416)
* final option: Document class options.
- (line 390)
+ (line 508)
+* first-latex-doc document: About this document.
+ (line 274)
* fleqn option: Document class options.
- (line 390)
-* flushleft environment: flushleft. (line 1322)
-* flushright environment: flushright. (line 1348)
-* indexspace: Indexes. (line 4875)
-* itemize environment: itemize. (line 1374)
+ (line 508)
+* flushleft environment: flushleft. (line 1459)
+* flushright environment: flushright. (line 1485)
+* <http://home.gna.org/latexrefman> home page: About this document.
+ (line 247)
+* indexspace: Indexes. (line 5036)
+* itemize environment: itemize. (line 1511)
* landscape option: Document class options.
- (line 390)
-* latex command: Overview. (line 293)
+ (line 508)
+* latex command: Output files. (line 347)
+* latex-doc-ptr document: About this document.
+ (line 271)
* <latexrefman-discuss@gna.org> email address: About this document.
- (line 253)
+ (line 258)
* legalpaper option: Document class options.
- (line 385)
+ (line 503)
* leqno option: Document class options.
- (line 390)
-* letter: letter. (line 1476)
-* letter class: Document classes. (line 362)
+ (line 508)
+* letter: letter. (line 1613)
+* letter class: Document classes. (line 464)
* letterpaper option: Document class options.
- (line 385)
-* list: list. (line 1481)
-* lR box: picture. (line 1606)
-* lrbox: lrbox. (line 4198)
-* lualatex command: Overview. (line 307)
-* math environment: math. (line 1506)
-* math environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 2971)
-* minipage environment: minipage. (line 1518)
+ (line 503)
+* list: list. (line 1618)
+* lR box: picture. (line 1743)
+* lrbox: lrbox. (line 4355)
+* lshort document: About this document.
+ (line 281)
+* lualatex command: TeX engines. (line 412)
+* math environment: math. (line 1643)
+* math environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 3114)
+* minipage environment: minipage. (line 1655)
* notitlepage option: Document class options.
- (line 390)
+ (line 508)
* onecolumn option: Document class options.
- (line 410)
+ (line 535)
* oneside option: Document class options.
- (line 410)
+ (line 535)
* openany option: Document class options.
- (line 410)
+ (line 535)
* openbib option: Document class options.
- (line 390)
+ (line 508)
* openright option: Document class options.
- (line 410)
-* pdflatex command: Overview. (line 301)
-* picture: picture. (line 1546)
-* printindex: Indexes. (line 4871)
-* quotation: quotation. (line 1804)
-* quote: quote. (line 1819)
-* report class: Document classes. (line 362)
-* secnumdepth counter: Sectioning. (line 859)
-* slides class: Document classes. (line 362)
-* tabbing environment: tabbing. (line 1834)
-* table: table. (line 1925)
-* tabular environment: tabular. (line 1952)
-* textcomp package: Text symbols. (line 4360)
-* thebibliography: thebibliography. (line 2113)
-* theorem environment: theorem. (line 2214)
-* titlepage environment: titlepage. (line 2227)
+ (line 535)
+* pdflatex command: Output files. (line 357)
+* picture: picture. (line 1683)
+* printindex: Indexes. (line 5032)
+* quotation: quotation. (line 1944)
+* quote: quote. (line 1959)
+* report class: Document classes. (line 464)
+* secnumdepth counter: Sectioning. (line 990)
+* slides class: Document classes. (line 464)
+* tabbing environment: tabbing. (line 1974)
+* table: table. (line 2065)
+* tabular environment: tabular. (line 2092)
+* textcomp package: Text symbols. (line 4517)
+* thebibliography: thebibliography. (line 2253)
+* theorem environment: theorem. (line 2354)
+* titlepage environment: titlepage. (line 2367)
* titlepage option: Document class options.
- (line 390)
+ (line 508)
+* topnumber: figure. (line 1403)
+* totalnumber: figure. (line 1407)
* twocolumn option: Document class options.
- (line 410)
+ (line 535)
* twoside option: Document class options.
- (line 410)
-* verbatim environment: verbatim. (line 2244)
-* verse environment: verse. (line 2278)
-* xelatex command: Overview. (line 310)
+ (line 535)
+* usrguide official documentation: About this document.
+ (line 277)
+* verbatim environment: verbatim. (line 2384)
+* verse environment: verse. (line 2418)
+* xdvi command: Output files. (line 347)
+* xelatex command: TeX engines. (line 421)