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index 399a533ae25..fa6f6fbbdd7 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.html
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.html
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<!-- This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a
-document preparation system, version of May 2012.
+document preparation system, version of May 2013.
This manual was originally translated from LATEX.HLP v1.0a in
the VMS Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ and C. Biemesderfer (published by the TeX Users Group as
TeXniques number 10), as reference material (no text was
directly copied).
-Copyright (C) 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 Karl Berry.
+Copyright (C) 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 Karl Berry.
Copyright (C) 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore.
@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@ notice identical to this one.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. -->
-<!-- Created by Texinfo 4.13.90+dev, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
+<!-- Created by Texinfo 5.1+dev, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
<head>
-<title>LaTeX2e reference manual (May 2012)</title>
+<title>LaTeX2e reference manual (May 2013)</title>
-<meta name="description" content="LaTeX2e reference manual (May 2012)">
-<meta name="keywords" content="LaTeX2e reference manual (May 2012)">
+<meta name="description" content="LaTeX2e reference manual (May 2013)">
+<meta name="keywords" content="LaTeX2e reference manual (May 2013)">
<meta name="resource-type" content="document">
<meta name="distribution" content="global">
<meta name="Generator" content="texi2any">
@@ -53,20 +53,23 @@ a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none}
blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller}
div.display {margin-left: 3.2em}
div.example {margin-left: 3.2em}
+div.indentedblock {margin-left: 3.2em}
div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em}
div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em}
div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em}
+div.smallindentedblock {margin-left: 3.2em; font-size: smaller}
div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em}
-pre.display {font-family: serif}
-pre.format {font-family: serif}
+kbd {font-style:oblique}
+pre.display {font-family: inherit}
+pre.format {font-family: inherit}
pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif}
pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif}
-pre.smalldisplay {font-family: serif; font-size: smaller}
+pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller}
pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller}
-pre.smallformat {font-family: serif; font-size: smaller}
+pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller}
pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller}
-span.nocodebreak {white-space:pre}
-span.nolinebreak {white-space:pre}
+span.nocodebreak {white-space:nowrap}
+span.nolinebreak {white-space:nowrap}
span.roman {font-family:serif; font-weight:normal}
span.sansserif {font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal}
ul.no-bullet {list-style: none}
@@ -77,7 +80,7 @@ ul.no-bullet {list-style: none}
</head>
<body lang="en" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000">
-<h1 class="settitle" align="center">LaTeX2e reference manual (May 2012)</h1>
+<h1 class="settitle" align="center">LaTeX2e reference manual (May 2013)</h1>
@@ -404,7 +407,7 @@ Next: <a href="#About-this-document" accesskey="n" rel="next">About this documen
<h1 class="top">LaTeX2e</h1>
<p>This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a
-document preparation system, version as of May 2012. It is
+document preparation system, version as of May 2013. It is
intended to cover LaTeX2e, which has been the standard version of
LaTeX for many years.
</p>
@@ -555,10 +558,10 @@ least three files as output:
<dt><code>.dvi</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-_002edvi-file"></a>
<a name="index-latex-command"></a>
-<p>If invoked as <code>latex</code>, a &ldquo;Device Independent&rdquo; (&lsquo;<tt>.dvi</tt>&rsquo;)
+<p>If invoked as <code>latex</code>, a &ldquo;Device Independent&rdquo; (<samp>.dvi</samp>)
file is produced. This contains commands that can be translated into
commands for virtually any output device. You can view such
-&lsquo;<tt>.dvi</tt>&rsquo; output of LaTeX by using a program such as
+<samp>.dvi</samp> output of LaTeX by using a program such as
<code>xdvi</code> (display directly), <code>dvips</code> (convert to
PostScript), or <code>dvipdfmx</code> (convert to PDF).
</p>
@@ -568,19 +571,19 @@ PostScript), or <code>dvipdfmx</code> (convert to PDF).
<a name="index-pdfTeX"></a>
<a name="index-pdflatex-command"></a>
<p>If invoked as <code>pdflatex</code>, a &ldquo;Portable Document Format&rdquo;
-(&lsquo;<tt>.pdf</tt>&rsquo;) file. Typically, this is a self-contained file, with
+(<samp>.pdf</samp>) file. Typically, this is a self-contained file, with
all fonts and images embedded. This can be very useful, but it does
-make the output much larger than the &lsquo;<tt>.dvi</tt>&rsquo; produced from the
+make the output much larger than the <samp>.dvi</samp> produced from the
same document.
</p>
<a name="index-lualatex-command"></a>
<a name="index-LuaTeX"></a>
-<p>If invoked as <code>lualatex</code>, a &lsquo;<tt>.pdf</tt>&rsquo; file is created using
+<p>If invoked as <code>lualatex</code>, a <samp>.pdf</samp> file is created using
the LuaTeX engine (<a href="http://luatex.org">http://luatex.org</a>).
</p>
<a name="index-xelatex-command"></a>
<a name="index-XeTeX"></a>
-<p>If invoked as <code>xelatex</code>, a &lsquo;<tt>.pdf</tt>&rsquo; file is created using
+<p>If invoked as <code>xelatex</code>, a <samp>.pdf</samp> file is created using
the XeTeX engine (<a href="http://tug.org/xetex">http://tug.org/xetex</a>).
</p>
</dd>
@@ -592,13 +595,13 @@ can produce HTML, XML, and other things.
</li><li> <a name="index-transcript-file"></a>
<a name="index-log-file"></a>
<a name="index-_002elog-file"></a>
-The &ldquo;transcript&rdquo; or &lsquo;<tt>.log</tt>&rsquo; file that contains summary
+The &ldquo;transcript&rdquo; or <samp>.log</samp> file that contains summary
information and diagnostic messages for any errors discovered in the
input file.
</li><li> <a name="index-auxiliary-file"></a>
<a name="index-_002eaux-file"></a>
-An &ldquo;auxiliary&rdquo; or &lsquo;<tt>.aux</tt>&rsquo; file. This is used by LaTeX itself,
+An &ldquo;auxiliary&rdquo; or <samp>.aux</samp> file. This is used by LaTeX itself,
for things such as cross-references.
</li></ol>
@@ -916,49 +919,59 @@ instance, <code>\begin{ttfamily}...\end{ttfamily}</code>.
<dd><a name="index-_005ctextbf"></a>
<a name="index-_005cbfseries"></a>
<p>Boldface.
-</p></dd>
+</p>
+</dd>
<dt><code>\textup (\upshape)</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-_005ctextup"></a>
<a name="index-_005cupshape"></a>
<p>Upright (default). The opposite of slanted.
-</p></dd>
+</p>
+</dd>
<dt><code>\textsl (\slshape)</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-_005ctextsl"></a>
<a name="index-_005cslshape"></a>
<p>Slanted.
-</p></dd>
+</p>
+</dd>
<dt><code>\textsf (\sffamily)</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-_005ctextsf"></a>
<a name="index-_005csffamily"></a>
<p>Sans serif.
-</p></dd>
+</p>
+</dd>
<dt><code>\textsc (\scshape)</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-_005ctextsc"></a>
<a name="index-_005cscshape"></a>
<p>Small caps.
-</p></dd>
+</p>
+</dd>
<dt><code>\texttt (\ttfamily)</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-_005ctexttt"></a>
<a name="index-_005cttfamily"></a>
<p>Typewriter.
-</p></dd>
+</p>
+</dd>
<dt><code>\textnormal (\normalfont)</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-_005ctextnormal"></a>
<a name="index-_005cnormalfont"></a>
<p>Main document font.
-</p></dd>
+</p>
+</dd>
<dt><code>\mathrm</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-_005cmathrm"></a>
<p>Roman, for use in math mode.
-</p></dd>
+</p>
+</dd>
<dt><code>\mathbf</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-_005cmathbf"></a>
<p>Boldface, for use in math mode.
-</p></dd>
+</p>
+</dd>
<dt><code>\mathsf</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-_005cmathsf"></a>
<p>Sans serif, for use in math mode.
-</p></dd>
+</p>
+</dd>
<dt><code>\mathtt</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-_005cmathtt"></a>
<p>Typewriter, for use in math mode.
@@ -972,19 +985,35 @@ instance, <code>\begin{ttfamily}...\end{ttfamily}</code>.
<dt><code>\mathnormal</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-_005cmathnormal"></a>
<p>For use in math mode, e.g. inside another type style declaration.
-</p></dd>
+</p>
+</dd>
<dt><code>\mathcal</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-_005cmathcal"></a>
<p>&lsquo;Calligraphic&rsquo; letters, for use in math mode.
-</p></dd>
+</p>
+</dd>
</dl>
-<p>In addition, the command
-<code>\mathversion{bold}</code>
<a name="index-_005cmathversion"></a>
-can be used for switching to bold letters and symbols in
+<p>In addition, the command <code>\mathversion{bold}</code> can be used for
+switching to bold letters and symbols in
formulas. <code>\mathversion{normal}</code> restores the default.
</p>
+<a name="index-_005coldstylenums"></a>
+<a name="index-numerals_002c-old_002dstyle"></a>
+<a name="index-old_002dstyle-numerals"></a>
+<a name="index-lining-numerals"></a>
+<a name="index-textcomp-package"></a>
+<p>Finally, the command <code>\oldstylenums{<var>numerals</var>}</code> will
+typeset so-called &ldquo;old-style&rdquo; numerals, which have differing heights
+and depths (and sometimes widths) from the standard &ldquo;lining&rdquo;
+numerals. LaTeX&rsquo;s default fonts support this, and will respect
+<code>\textbf</code> (but not other styles; there are no italic old-style
+numerals in Computer Modern). Many other fonts have old-style
+numerals also; sometimes the <code>textcomp</code> package must be loaded,
+and sometimes package options are provided to make them the default.
+FAQ entry: <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=osf">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=osf</a>.
+</p>
<p>LaTeX also provides these commands, which unconditionally switch to
the given style, that is, are <em>not</em> cumulative. They are used
differently than the above commands, too: <code>{\<var>cmd</var> ...}</code>
@@ -1077,8 +1106,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands" accesskey="n" rel="next">Low-level
<p>The following standard type size commands are supported by LaTeX.
The table shows the command name and the corresponding actual font
size used (in points) with the &lsquo;<samp>10pt</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>11pt</samp>&rsquo;, and
-&lsquo;<samp>12pt</samp>&rsquo; document size options, respectively (see <a href="#Document-class-options">Document class
-options</a>).
+&lsquo;<samp>12pt</samp>&rsquo; document size options, respectively (see <a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a>).
</p>
<a name="index-_005ctiny"></a>
<a name="index-_005cscriptsize"></a>
@@ -2092,8 +2120,7 @@ that item.
<a name="index-_005clabelenumiv"></a>
<p>The <code>enumerate</code> environment uses the commands <code>\labelenumi</code>
through <code>\labelenumiv</code> to produce the default label. So, you can
-use <code>\renewcommand</code> to change the labels (see <a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp;
-\renewcommand</a>). For instance, to have the first level use uppercase
+use <code>\renewcommand</code> to change the labels (see <a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a>). For instance, to have the first level use uppercase
letters:
</p>
<a name="index-_005cAlph-example"></a>
@@ -2787,9 +2814,11 @@ point and a minus sign&mdash;a number like <code>5</code>, <code>0.3</code> or
<code>-3.1416</code>. A coordinate specifies a length in multiples of the
unit length <code>\unitlength</code>, so if <code>\unitlength</code> has been set
to <code>1cm</code>, then the coordinate 2.54 specifies a length of 2.54
-centimeters. You should only change the value of <code>\unitlength</code>,
-using the <code>\setlength</code> command, outside of a <code>picture</code>
-environment.
+centimeters.
+</p>
+<p>You should only change the value of <code>\unitlength</code>, using the
+<code>\setlength</code> command, outside of a <code>picture</code> environment.
+The default value is <code>1pt</code>.
</p>
<p>A position is a pair of coordinates, such as <code>(2.4,-5)</code>, specifying
the point with x-coordinate <code>2.4</code> and y-coordinate <code>-5</code>.
@@ -3812,8 +3841,8 @@ automatically generated using the <code>enumi</code> counter. The
<var>cite_key</var> is any sequence of letters, numbers, and punctuation
symbols not containing a comma.
</p>
-<p>This command writes an entry to the &lsquo;<tt>.aux</tt>&rsquo; file containing the
-item&rsquo;s <var>cite_key</var> and label. When the &lsquo;<tt>.aux</tt>&rsquo; file is read by
+<p>This command writes an entry to the <samp>.aux</samp> file containing the
+item&rsquo;s <var>cite_key</var> and label. When the <samp>.aux</samp> file is read by
the <code>\begin{document}</code> command, the item&rsquo;s <code>label</code> is
associated with <code>cite_key</code>, causing references to <var>cite_key</var>
with a <code>\cite</code> command (see next section) to produce the
@@ -3840,7 +3869,7 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnocite" accesskey="n" rel="next">\nocite</a>, Previous:
<p>The <var>keys</var> argument is a list of one or more citation keys,
separated by commas. This command generates an in-text citation to
the references associated with <var>keys</var> by entries in the
-&lsquo;<tt>.aux</tt>&rsquo; file.
+<samp>.aux</samp> file.
</p>
<p>The text of the optional <var>subcite</var> argument appears after the
citation. For example, <code>\cite[p.~314]{knuth}</code> might produce
@@ -3860,7 +3889,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Using-BibTeX" accesskey="n" rel="next">Using BibTeX</a>, Previou
<p><code>\nocite{key_list}</code>
</p>
<p>The <code>\nocite</code> command produces no text, but writes <code>key_list</code>,
-which is a list of one or more citation keys, on the &lsquo;<tt>.aux</tt>&rsquo; file.
+which is a list of one or more citation keys, on the <samp>.aux</samp> file.
</p>
<hr>
@@ -3892,7 +3921,7 @@ you include the lines
<p>The <code>\bibliographystyle</code> command does not produce any output of
its own. Rather, it defines the style in which the bibliography will
be produced: <var>bibstyle</var> refers to a file
-<var>bibstyle</var>&lsquo;<tt>.bst</tt>&rsquo;, which defines how your citations will look.
+<var>bibstyle</var><samp>.bst</samp>, which defines how your citations will look.
The standard <var>style</var> names distributed with BibTeX are:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
@@ -3917,7 +3946,7 @@ the demands of various publications. See
</p>
<p>The <code>\bibliography</code> command is what actually produces the
bibliography. The argument to <code>\bibliography</code> refers to files
-named &lsquo;<tt><var>bibfile</var>.bib</tt>&rsquo;, which should contain your database in
+named <samp><var>bibfile</var>.bib</samp>, which should contain your database in
BibTeX format. Only the entries referred to via <code>\cite</code> and
<code>\nocite</code> will be listed in the bibliography.
</p>
@@ -4638,14 +4667,17 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnewcounter" accesskey="n" rel="next">\newcounter</a>, Up
command, respectively. Synopses:
</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example"> \newcommand{<var>cmd</var>}[<var>nargs</var>]{<var>defn</var>}
-\renewcommand{<var>cmd</var>}[<var>nargs</var>]{<var>defn</var>}
- \newcommand{<var>cmd</var>}[<var>nargs</var>][<var>default</var>]{<var>defn</var>}
-\renewcommand{<var>cmd</var>}[<var>nargs</var>][<var>default</var>]{<var>defn</var>}
+<pre class="example"> \newcommand[*]{<var>cmd</var>}[<var>nargs</var>][<var>optarg</var>]{<var>defn</var>}
+\renewcommand[*]{<var>cmd</var>}[<var>nargs</var>][<var>optarg</var>]{<var>defn</var>}
</pre></div>
-
<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><var><code>*</code></var></dt>
+<dd><a name="index-_002a_002dform-of-defining-new-commands"></a>
+<p>The *-form of these commands requires that the arguments not contain
+multiple paragraphs of text (not <code>\long</code>, in plain TeX terms).
+</p>
+</dd>
<dt><var>cmd</var></dt>
<dd><p>The command name beginning with <code>\</code>. For <code>\newcommand</code>, it
must not be already defined and must not begin with <code>\end</code>; for
@@ -4658,11 +4690,12 @@ that the command will take. The default is for the command to have no
arguments.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt><var>default</var></dt>
+<dt><var>optarg</var></dt>
<dd><p>If this optional parameter is present, it means that the command&rsquo;s
-first argument is optional. When the new command is called, the
-default value of the optional argument (i.e., if it is not specified
-in the call) is the string &lsquo;<samp>def</samp>&rsquo;.
+first argument is optional. The default value of the optional
+argument (i.e., if it is not specified in the call) is <var>optarg</var>,
+or, if that argument is present in the <code>\newcommand</code> but has an
+empty value, the string &lsquo;<samp>def</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>defn</var></dt>
@@ -4763,15 +4796,20 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem" accesskey="n" rel="next">\newtheorem</a>, Pr
<p>Synopses:
</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example"> \newenvironment{<var>env</var>}[<var>nargs</var>]{<var>begdef</var>}{<var>enddef</var>}
- \newenvironment{<var>env</var>}[<var>nargs</var>][<var>default</var>]{<var>begdef</var>}{<var>enddef</var>}
-\renewenvironment{<var>env</var>}[<var>nargs</var>]{<var>begdef</var>}{<var>enddef</var>}
+<pre class="example"> \newenvironment[*]{<var>env</var>}[<var>nargs</var>][<var>default</var>]{<var>begdef</var>}{<var>enddef</var>}
+\renewenvironment[*]{<var>env</var>}[<var>nargs</var>]{<var>begdef</var>}{<var>enddef</var>}
</pre></div>
<p>These commands define or redefine an environment <var>env</var>, that is,
<code>\begin{<var>env</var>} &hellip; \end{<var>env</var>}</code>.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><var><code>*</code></var></dt>
+<dd><a name="index-_002a_002dform-of-environment-commands"></a>
+<p>The *-form of these commands requires that the arguments (not the
+contents of the environment) not contain multiple paragraphs of text.
+</p>
+</dd>
<dt><var>env</var></dt>
<dd><p>The name of the environment. For <code>\newenvironment</code>, <var>env</var>
must not be an existing environment, and the command <code>\<var>env</var></code>
@@ -4870,10 +4908,10 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005cprotect" accesskey="n" rel="next">\protect</a>, Previous
<p>Defines a control sequence <code>\<var>cmd</var></code>, which must not already
be defined, to make <var>fontname</var> be the current font. The file
-looked for on the system is named &lsquo;<tt><var>fontname</var>.tfm</tt>&rsquo;.
+looked for on the system is named <samp><var>fontname</var>.tfm</samp>.
</p>
<p>This is a low-level command for setting up to use an individual font.
-More commonly, fonts are defined in families through &lsquo;<tt>.fd</tt>&rsquo; files.
+More commonly, fonts are defined in families through <samp>.fd</samp> files.
</p>
<hr>
@@ -7684,7 +7722,7 @@ useful after punctuation which shouldn&rsquo;t end a sentence. For example
It is also often used after control sequences, as in <code>\TeX\ is a
nice system.</code>
</p>
-<p>In normal circumstances, <code>\</code>&lt;tab&gt; and <code>\</code>&lt;newline&gt;
+<p>In normal circumstances, <code>\</code><tt class="key">tab</tt> and <code>\</code><tt class="key">newline</tt>
are equivalent to <code>\ </code>.
</p>
@@ -7711,7 +7749,7 @@ a capital letter. Here are side-by-side examples with and without
<p>produces
</p>
<blockquote>
-<p>&hellip; in C. Pascal, though &hellip;
+<p>&hellip; in C. Pascal, though &hellip;<br>
&hellip; in C. Pascal, though &hellip;
</p></blockquote>
@@ -8282,7 +8320,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Accents" accesskey="n" rel="next">Accents</a>, Previous: <a href
<h3 class="section">22.2 Text symbols</h3>
<a name="index-text-symbols"></a>
-<a name="index-textcomp-package"></a>
+<a name="index-textcomp-package-1"></a>
<p>LaTeX provides commands to generate a number of non-letter symbols
in running text. Some of these, especially the more obscure ones, are
not available in OT1; you may need to load the <code>textcomp</code> package.
@@ -9224,7 +9262,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Glossaries" accesskey="n" rel="next">Glossaries</a>, Up: <a href
<p>A table of contents is produced with the <code>\tableofcontents</code>
command. You put the command right where you want the table of
contents to go; LaTeX does the rest for you. A previous run must
-have generated a &lsquo;<tt>.toc</tt>&rsquo; file.
+have generated a <samp>.toc</samp> file.
</p>
<p>The <code>\tableofcontents</code> command produces a heading, but it does
not automatically start a new page. If you want a new page after the
@@ -9294,7 +9332,7 @@ following, matching the value of the <var>ext</var> argument:
</dl>
<a name="index-_005ccontentsline"></a>
-<p>What is written to the &lsquo;<tt>.<var>ext</var></tt>&rsquo; file is the
+<p>What is written to the <samp>.<var>ext</var></samp> file is the
command <code>\contentsline{<var>unit</var>}{<var>name</var>}</code>.
</p>
@@ -9310,14 +9348,14 @@ Previous: <a href="#g_t_005caddcontentsline" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\addco
<a name="index-_005caddtocontents_007bext_007d_007btext_007d"></a>
<p>The <code>\addtocontents</code>{<var>ext</var>}{<var>text</var>} command adds text
-(or formatting commands) directly to the &lsquo;<tt>.<var>ext</var></tt>&rsquo; file that
+(or formatting commands) directly to the <samp>.<var>ext</var></samp> file that
generates the table of contents or lists of figures or tables.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><var>ext</var></dt>
<dd><p>The extension of the file on which information is to be written:
-&lsquo;<tt>toc</tt>&rsquo; (table of contents), &lsquo;<tt>lof</tt>&rsquo; (list of figures), or
-&lsquo;<tt>lot</tt>&rsquo; (list of tables).
+<samp>toc</samp> (table of contents), <samp>lof</samp> (list of figures), or
+<samp>lot</samp> (list of tables).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>text</var></dt>
@@ -9342,7 +9380,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Indexes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Indexes</a>, Previous: <a href
<a name="index-_005cglossary"></a>
<a name="index-_002eglo-file"></a>
<p>The command <code>\glossary{<var>text</var>}</code> writes a glossary entry for
-<var>text</var> to an auxiliary file with the &lsquo;<tt>.glo</tt>&rsquo; extension.
+<var>text</var> to an auxiliary file with the <samp>.glo</samp> extension.
</p>
<a name="index-_005cglossaryentry"></a>
<p>Specifically, what gets written is the command
@@ -9370,7 +9408,7 @@ the preamble.
<a name="index-_005cindex"></a>
<a name="index-_002eidx-file"></a>
<p>The command <code>\index{<var>text</var>}</code> writes an index entry for
-<var>text</var> to an auxiliary file with the &lsquo;<tt>.idx</tt>&rsquo; extension.
+<var>text</var> to an auxiliary file with the <samp>.idx</samp> extension.
</p>
<a name="index-_005cindexentry"></a>
<p>Specifically, what gets written is the command
@@ -9391,11 +9429,11 @@ languages.
<a name="index-makeindex-program"></a>
<a name="index-xindy-program"></a>
<a name="index-_002eind-file"></a>
-<p>The generated &lsquo;<tt>.idx</tt>&rsquo; file is then sorted with an external
+<p>The generated <samp>.idx</samp> file is then sorted with an external
command, usually either <code>makeindex</code>
(<a href="http://mirror.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex">http://mirror.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex</a>) or (the
multi-lingual) <code>xindy</code> (<a href="http://xindy.sourceforge.net">http://xindy.sourceforge.net</a>).
-This results in a &lsquo;<tt>.ind</tt>&rsquo; file, which can then be read to typeset
+This results in a <samp>.ind</samp> file, which can then be read to typeset
the index.
</p>
<a name="index-printindex"></a>
@@ -9435,7 +9473,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Terminal-input_002foutput" accesskey="n" rel="next">Terminal inp
<code>letter</code> document class is designed to make a number of letters at
once, although you can make just one if you so desire.
</p>
-<p>Your &lsquo;<tt>.tex</tt>&rsquo; source file has the same minimum commands as the other
+<p>Your <samp>.tex</samp> source file has the same minimum commands as the other
document classes, i.e., you must have the following commands as a
minimum:
</p>
@@ -9824,7 +9862,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Document-templates" accesskey="n" rel="next">Document templates<
<a name="index-command-line"></a>
<p>The input file specification indicates the file to be formatted;
-TeX uses &lsquo;<tt>.tex</tt>&rsquo; as a default file extension. If you omit the
+TeX uses <samp>.tex</samp> as a default file extension. If you omit the
input file entirely, TeX accepts input from the terminal. You
specify command options by supplying a string as a parameter to the
command; e.g.
@@ -9833,7 +9871,7 @@ command; e.g.
<pre class="example">latex '\nonstopmode\input foo.tex'
</pre></div>
-<p>will process &lsquo;<tt>foo.tex</tt>&rsquo; without pausing after every error.
+<p>will process <samp>foo.tex</samp> without pausing after every error.
</p>
<a name="index-_002a-prompt"></a>
<a name="index-prompt_002c-_002a"></a>
@@ -9927,8 +9965,10 @@ Next: <a href="#tugboat-template" accesskey="n" rel="next">tugboat template</a>,
\end{frame}
\end{document}
-
</pre>
+<p>One web resource for this:
+<a href="http://robjhyndman.com/hyndsight/beamer/">http://robjhyndman.com/hyndsight/beamer/</a>.
+</p>
<hr>
<a name="tugboat-template"></a>
@@ -10086,12 +10126,14 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_symbol-1">*</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002a-prompt">&lsquo;<samp>*</samp>&rsquo; prompt</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Command-line">Command line</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002a_002dform-of-defining-new-commands">*-form of defining new commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002a_002dform-of-environment-commands">*-form of environment commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment">\newenvironment &amp; \renewenvironment</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002a_002dform-of-sectioning-commands">*-form of sectioning commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_symbol-2">.</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eglo-file">&lsquo;<tt>.glo</tt>&rsquo; file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glossaries">Glossaries</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eidx-file">&lsquo;<tt>.idx</tt>&rsquo; file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eind-file">&lsquo;<tt>.ind</tt>&rsquo; file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eglo-file"><samp>.glo</samp> file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glossaries">Glossaries</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eidx-file"><samp>.idx</samp> file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eind-file"><samp>.ind</samp> file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_symbol-3">`</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0060see_0027-and-_0060see-also_0027-index-entries">&lsquo;see&rsquo; and &lsquo;see also&rsquo; index entries</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
@@ -10358,6 +10400,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-line-breaks_002c-forcing">line breaks, forcing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak">\linebreak &amp; \nolinebreak</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-line-breaks_002c-preventing">line breaks, preventing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak">\linebreak &amp; \nolinebreak</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lines-in-tables">lines in tables</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lining-numerals">lining numerals</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lining-text-up-in-tables">lining text up in tables</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lining-text-up-using-tab-stops">lining text up using tab stops</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-list-items_002c-specifying-counter">list items, specifying counter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cusecounter">\usecounter</a></td></tr>
@@ -10410,11 +10453,13 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-notes-in-the-margin">notes in the margin</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Marginal-notes">Marginal notes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-null-delimiter">null delimiter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-miscellany">Math miscellany</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-numbered-items_002c-specifying-counter">numbered items, specifying counter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cusecounter">\usecounter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-numerals_002c-old_002dstyle">numerals, old-style</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_letter-O">O</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-oblique-font">oblique font</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-oe-ligature">oe ligature</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Non_002dEnglish-characters">Non-English characters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ogonek">ogonek</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-old_002dstyle-numerals">old-style numerals</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-one_002dcolumn-output">one-column output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005conecolumn">\onecolumn</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-opening-quote">opening quote</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-document-class">options, document class</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
@@ -10536,6 +10581,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-terminal-input_002foutput">terminal input/output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Terminal-input_002foutput">Terminal input/output</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TeX-logo">TeX logo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-text-symbols">text symbols</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-textcomp-package"><code>textcomp</code> package</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-thanks_002c-for-titlepage">thanks, for titlepage</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-theorems_002c-defining">theorems, defining</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem">\newtheorem</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-theorems_002c-typesetting">theorems, typesetting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
@@ -11178,6 +11224,7 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Concept Index</a
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005coe-_0028oe_0029"><code>\oe (&oelig;)</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Non_002dEnglish-characters">Non-English characters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cOE-_0028OE_0029"><code>\OE (&OElig;)</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Non_002dEnglish-characters">Non-English characters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005coint"><code>\oint</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005coldstylenums"><code>\oldstylenums</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cOmega"><code>\Omega</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005comega"><code>\omega</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cominus"><code>\ominus</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
@@ -11599,7 +11646,7 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Concept Index</a
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tabbing-environment"><code>tabbing <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-table"><code>table</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#table">table</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tabular-environment"><code>tabular <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-textcomp-package"><code>textcomp <span class="roman">package</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-textcomp-package-1"><code>textcomp <span class="roman">package</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-thebibliography"><code>thebibliography</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#thebibliography">thebibliography</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-theorem-environment"><code>theorem <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-titlepage-environment"><code>titlepage <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#titlepage">titlepage</a></td></tr>