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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.html
index 60b77bf9423..6d6fb8eed5f 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.html
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.html
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<!-- This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a
-document preparation system, version of May 2014.
+document preparation system, version of May 2015.
This manual was originally translated from LATEX.HLP v1.0a in
the VMS Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by
@@ -10,13 +10,13 @@ LaTeX 2.09 version was written by Stephen Gilmore. The
LaTeX2e version was adapted from this by Torsten Martinsen. Karl
Berry made further updates and additions, and gratefully acknowledges
using Hypertext Help with LaTeX, by Sheldon Green, and
-LaTeX Command Summary (for LaTeX 2.09) by L. Botway
-and C. Biemesderfer (published by the TeX Users Group as
-TeXniques number 10), as reference material (no text was
-directly copied).
+LaTeX Command Summary (for LaTeX 2.09) by
+L. Botway and C. Biemesderfer (published by the TeX Users
+Group as TeXniques number 10), as reference material (no
+text was directly copied).
Copyright 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013,
-2014 Karl Berry.
+2014, 2015 Karl Berry.
Copyright 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore.
@@ -34,12 +34,12 @@ notice identical to this one.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. -->
-<!-- Created by Texinfo 5.2dev+dev, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
+<!-- Created by Texinfo 5.9.91+dev, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
<head>
-<title>LaTeX2e reference manual (May 2014)</title>
+<title>LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (May 2015)</title>
-<meta name="description" content="LaTeX2e reference manual (May 2014)">
-<meta name="keywords" content="LaTeX2e reference manual (May 2014)">
+<meta name="description" content="LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (May 2015)">
+<meta name="keywords" content="LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (May 2015)">
<meta name="resource-type" content="document">
<meta name="distribution" content="global">
<meta name="Generator" content="texi2any">
@@ -51,16 +51,16 @@ into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. -->
<style type="text/css">
<!--
a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none}
+blockquote.indentedblock {margin-right: 0em}
+blockquote.smallindentedblock {margin-right: 0em; font-size: smaller}
blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller}
div.display {margin-left: 3.2em}
div.example {margin-left: 3.2em}
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div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em}
div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em}
div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em}
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+kbd {font-style: oblique}
pre.display {font-family: inherit}
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@@ -69,10 +69,10 @@ pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller}
pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller}
pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller}
pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller}
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-span.roman {font-family:serif; font-weight:normal}
-span.sansserif {font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal}
+span.nocodebreak {white-space: nowrap}
+span.nolinebreak {white-space: nowrap}
+span.roman {font-family: serif; font-weight: normal}
+span.sansserif {font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: normal}
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@@ -80,8 +80,8 @@ ul.no-bullet {list-style: none}
</head>
-<body lang="en" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000">
-<h1 class="settitle" align="center">LaTeX2e reference manual (May 2014)</h1>
+<body lang="en">
+<h1 class="settitle" align="center">LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (May 2015)</h1>
@@ -95,31 +95,30 @@ ul.no-bullet {list-style: none}
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="stoc-About-this-document-1" href="#toc-About-this-document-1">1 About this document</a></li>
<li><a name="stoc-Overview-of-LaTeX" href="#toc-Overview-of-LaTeX">2 Overview of LaTeX</a></li>
-<li><a name="stoc-Starting-_0026-ending-1" href="#toc-Starting-_0026-ending-1">3 Starting &amp; ending</a></li>
-<li><a name="stoc-Document-classes-1" href="#toc-Document-classes-1">4 Document classes</a></li>
-<li><a name="stoc-Fonts-1" href="#toc-Fonts-1">5 Fonts</a></li>
-<li><a name="stoc-Layout-1" href="#toc-Layout-1">6 Layout</a></li>
-<li><a name="stoc-Sectioning-1" href="#toc-Sectioning-1">7 Sectioning</a></li>
-<li><a name="stoc-Cross-references-1" href="#toc-Cross-references-1">8 Cross references</a></li>
-<li><a name="stoc-Environments-1" href="#toc-Environments-1">9 Environments</a></li>
-<li><a name="stoc-Line-breaking-1" href="#toc-Line-breaking-1">10 Line breaking</a></li>
-<li><a name="stoc-Page-breaking-1" href="#toc-Page-breaking-1">11 Page breaking</a></li>
-<li><a name="stoc-Footnotes-1" href="#toc-Footnotes-1">12 Footnotes</a></li>
-<li><a name="stoc-Definitions-1" href="#toc-Definitions-1">13 Definitions</a></li>
-<li><a name="stoc-Counters-1" href="#toc-Counters-1">14 Counters</a></li>
-<li><a name="stoc-Lengths-1" href="#toc-Lengths-1">15 Lengths</a></li>
-<li><a name="stoc-Making-paragraphs-1" href="#toc-Making-paragraphs-1">16 Making paragraphs</a></li>
-<li><a name="stoc-Math-formulas-1" href="#toc-Math-formulas-1">17 Math formulas</a></li>
-<li><a name="stoc-Modes-1" href="#toc-Modes-1">18 Modes</a></li>
-<li><a name="stoc-Page-styles-1" href="#toc-Page-styles-1">19 Page styles</a></li>
-<li><a name="stoc-Spaces-1" href="#toc-Spaces-1">20 Spaces</a></li>
-<li><a name="stoc-Boxes-1" href="#toc-Boxes-1">21 Boxes</a></li>
-<li><a name="stoc-Special-insertions-1" href="#toc-Special-insertions-1">22 Special insertions</a></li>
-<li><a name="stoc-Splitting-the-input-1" href="#toc-Splitting-the-input-1">23 Splitting the input</a></li>
-<li><a name="stoc-Front_002fback-matter-1" href="#toc-Front_002fback-matter-1">24 Front/back matter</a></li>
-<li><a name="stoc-Letters-1" href="#toc-Letters-1">25 Letters</a></li>
-<li><a name="stoc-Terminal-input_002foutput-1" href="#toc-Terminal-input_002foutput-1">26 Terminal input/output</a></li>
-<li><a name="stoc-Command-line-1" href="#toc-Command-line-1">27 Command line</a></li>
+<li><a name="stoc-Document-classes-1" href="#toc-Document-classes-1">3 Document classes</a></li>
+<li><a name="stoc-Fonts-1" href="#toc-Fonts-1">4 Fonts</a></li>
+<li><a name="stoc-Layout-1" href="#toc-Layout-1">5 Layout</a></li>
+<li><a name="stoc-Sectioning-1" href="#toc-Sectioning-1">6 Sectioning</a></li>
+<li><a name="stoc-Cross-references-1" href="#toc-Cross-references-1">7 Cross references</a></li>
+<li><a name="stoc-Environments-1" href="#toc-Environments-1">8 Environments</a></li>
+<li><a name="stoc-Line-breaking-1" href="#toc-Line-breaking-1">9 Line breaking</a></li>
+<li><a name="stoc-Page-breaking-1" href="#toc-Page-breaking-1">10 Page breaking</a></li>
+<li><a name="stoc-Footnotes-1" href="#toc-Footnotes-1">11 Footnotes</a></li>
+<li><a name="stoc-Definitions-1" href="#toc-Definitions-1">12 Definitions</a></li>
+<li><a name="stoc-Counters-1" href="#toc-Counters-1">13 Counters</a></li>
+<li><a name="stoc-Lengths-1" href="#toc-Lengths-1">14 Lengths</a></li>
+<li><a name="stoc-Making-paragraphs-1" href="#toc-Making-paragraphs-1">15 Making paragraphs</a></li>
+<li><a name="stoc-Math-formulas-1" href="#toc-Math-formulas-1">16 Math formulas</a></li>
+<li><a name="stoc-Modes-1" href="#toc-Modes-1">17 Modes</a></li>
+<li><a name="stoc-Page-styles-1" href="#toc-Page-styles-1">18 Page styles</a></li>
+<li><a name="stoc-Spaces-1" href="#toc-Spaces-1">19 Spaces</a></li>
+<li><a name="stoc-Boxes-1" href="#toc-Boxes-1">20 Boxes</a></li>
+<li><a name="stoc-Special-insertions-1" href="#toc-Special-insertions-1">21 Special insertions</a></li>
+<li><a name="stoc-Splitting-the-input-1" href="#toc-Splitting-the-input-1">22 Splitting the input</a></li>
+<li><a name="stoc-Front_002fback-matter-1" href="#toc-Front_002fback-matter-1">23 Front/back matter</a></li>
+<li><a name="stoc-Letters-1" href="#toc-Letters-1">24 Letters</a></li>
+<li><a name="stoc-Terminal-input_002foutput-1" href="#toc-Terminal-input_002foutput-1">25 Terminal input/output</a></li>
+<li><a name="stoc-Command-line-1" href="#toc-Command-line-1">26 Command line</a></li>
<li><a name="stoc-Document-templates-1" href="#toc-Document-templates-1">Appendix A Document templates</a></li>
<li><a name="stoc-Concept-Index-1" href="#toc-Concept-Index-1">Concept Index</a></li>
<li><a name="stoc-Command-Index-1" href="#toc-Command-Index-1">Command Index</a></li>
@@ -133,265 +132,270 @@ ul.no-bullet {list-style: none}
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-About-this-document-1" href="#About-this-document">1 About this document</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Overview-of-LaTeX" href="#Overview">2 Overview of LaTeX</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Starting-_0026-ending-1" href="#Starting-_0026-ending">3 Starting &amp; ending</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Document-classes-1" href="#Document-classes">4 Document classes</a>
+ <li><a name="toc-Overview-of-LaTeX" href="#Overview">2 Overview of LaTeX</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-Document-class-options-1" href="#Document-class-options">4.1 Document class options</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Starting-and-ending-1" href="#Starting-and-ending">2.1 Starting and ending</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Output-files-1" href="#Output-files">2.2 Output files</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-TeX-engines-1" href="#TeX-engines">2.3 TeX engines</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-LaTeX-command-syntax-1" href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">2.4 LaTeX command syntax</a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Fonts-1" href="#Fonts">5 Fonts</a>
+ <li><a name="toc-Document-classes-1" href="#Document-classes">3 Document classes</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-Font-styles-1" href="#Font-styles">5.1 Font styles</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Font-sizes-1" href="#Font-sizes">5.2 Font sizes</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Low_002dlevel-font-commands-1" href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">5.3 Low-level font commands</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Document-class-options-1" href="#Document-class-options">3.1 Document class options</a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Layout-1" href="#Layout">6 Layout</a>
+ <li><a name="toc-Fonts-1" href="#Fonts">4 Fonts</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-_005conecolumn-1" href="#g_t_005conecolumn">6.1 <code>\onecolumn</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005ctwocolumn-1" href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">6.2 <code>\twocolumn</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cflushbottom-1" href="#g_t_005cflushbottom">6.3 <code>\flushbottom</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005craggedbottom-1" href="#g_t_005craggedbottom">6.4 <code>\raggedbottom</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Page-layout-parameters-1" href="#Page-layout-parameters">6.5 Page layout parameters</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Font-styles-1" href="#Font-styles">4.1 Font styles</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Font-sizes-1" href="#Font-sizes">4.2 Font sizes</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Low_002dlevel-font-commands-1" href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">4.3 Low-level font commands</a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Sectioning-1" href="#Sectioning">7 Sectioning</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Cross-references-1" href="#Cross-references">8 Cross references</a>
+ <li><a name="toc-Layout-1" href="#Layout">5 Layout</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-_005clabel-1" href="#g_t_005clabel">8.1 <code>\label</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cpageref_007bkey_007d" href="#g_t_005cpageref">8.2 <code>\pageref{<var>key</var>}</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cref_007bkey_007d" href="#g_t_005cref">8.3 <code>\ref{<var>key</var>}</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005conecolumn-1" href="#g_t_005conecolumn">5.1 <code>\onecolumn</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005ctwocolumn-1" href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">5.2 <code>\twocolumn</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cflushbottom-1" href="#g_t_005cflushbottom">5.3 <code>\flushbottom</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005craggedbottom-1" href="#g_t_005craggedbottom">5.4 <code>\raggedbottom</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Page-layout-parameters-1" href="#Page-layout-parameters">5.5 Page layout parameters</a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Environments-1" href="#Environments">9 Environments</a>
+ <li><a name="toc-Sectioning-1" href="#Sectioning">6 Sectioning</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Cross-references-1" href="#Cross-references">7 Cross references</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-abstract-1" href="#abstract">9.1 <code>abstract</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-array-1" href="#array">9.2 <code>array</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-center-1" href="#center">9.3 <code>center</code></a>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005clabel-1" href="#g_t_005clabel">7.1 <code>\label</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cpageref_007bkey_007d" href="#g_t_005cpageref">7.2 <code>\pageref{<var>key</var>}</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cref_007bkey_007d" href="#g_t_005cref">7.3 <code>\ref{<var>key</var>}</code></a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Environments-1" href="#Environments">8 Environments</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a name="toc-abstract-1" href="#abstract">8.1 <code>abstract</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-array-1" href="#array">8.2 <code>array</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-center-1" href="#center">8.3 <code>center</code></a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-_005ccentering-1" href="#g_t_005ccentering">9.3.1 <code>\centering</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005ccentering-1" href="#g_t_005ccentering">8.3.1 <code>\centering</code></a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a name="toc-description-1" href="#description">9.4 <code>description</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-displaymath-1" href="#displaymath">9.5 <code>displaymath</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-document-1" href="#document">9.6 <code>document</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-enumerate-1" href="#enumerate">9.7 <code>enumerate</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-eqnarray-1" href="#eqnarray">9.8 <code>eqnarray</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-equation-1" href="#equation">9.9 <code>equation</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-figure-1" href="#figure">9.10 <code>figure</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-filecontents_003a-Create-external-files" href="#filecontents">9.11 <code>filecontents</code>: Create external files</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-flushleft-1" href="#flushleft">9.12 <code>flushleft</code></a>
+ <li><a name="toc-description-1" href="#description">8.4 <code>description</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-displaymath-1" href="#displaymath">8.5 <code>displaymath</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-document-1" href="#document">8.6 <code>document</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-enumerate-1" href="#enumerate">8.7 <code>enumerate</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-eqnarray-1" href="#eqnarray">8.8 <code>eqnarray</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-equation-1" href="#equation">8.9 <code>equation</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-figure-1" href="#figure">8.10 <code>figure</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-filecontents_003a-Create-external-files" href="#filecontents">8.11 <code>filecontents</code>: Create external files</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-flushleft-1" href="#flushleft">8.12 <code>flushleft</code></a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-_005craggedright-1" href="#g_t_005craggedright">9.12.1 <code>\raggedright</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005craggedright-1" href="#g_t_005craggedright">8.12.1 <code>\raggedright</code></a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a name="toc-flushright-1" href="#flushright">9.13 <code>flushright</code></a>
+ <li><a name="toc-flushright-1" href="#flushright">8.13 <code>flushright</code></a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-_005craggedleft-1" href="#g_t_005craggedleft">9.13.1 <code>\raggedleft</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005craggedleft-1" href="#g_t_005craggedleft">8.13.1 <code>\raggedleft</code></a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a name="toc-itemize-1" href="#itemize">9.14 <code>itemize</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-letter-environment_003a-writing-letters" href="#letter">9.15 <code>letter</code> environment: writing letters</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-list-1" href="#list">9.16 <code>list</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-math-1" href="#math">9.17 <code>math</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-minipage-1" href="#minipage">9.18 <code>minipage</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-picture-1" href="#picture">9.19 <code>picture</code></a>
+ <li><a name="toc-itemize-1" href="#itemize">8.14 <code>itemize</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-letter-environment_003a-writing-letters" href="#letter">8.15 <code>letter</code> environment: writing letters</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-list-1" href="#list">8.16 <code>list</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-math-1" href="#math">8.17 <code>math</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-minipage-1" href="#minipage">8.18 <code>minipage</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-picture-1" href="#picture">8.19 <code>picture</code></a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-_005ccircle-1" href="#g_t_005ccircle">9.19.1 <code>\circle</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cmakebox-1" href="#g_t_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029">9.19.2 <code>\makebox</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cframebox" href="#g_t_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029">9.19.3 <code>\framebox</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cdashbox-1" href="#g_t_005cdashbox">9.19.4 <code>\dashbox</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cframe-1" href="#g_t_005cframe">9.19.5 <code>\frame</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cline-1" href="#g_t_005cline">9.19.6 <code>\line</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005clinethickness-1" href="#g_t_005clinethickness">9.19.7 <code>\linethickness</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cthicklines-1" href="#g_t_005cthicklines">9.19.8 <code>\thicklines</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cthinlines-1" href="#g_t_005cthinlines">9.19.9 <code>\thinlines</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cmultiput-1" href="#g_t_005cmultiput">9.19.10 <code>\multiput</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005coval-1" href="#g_t_005coval">9.19.11 <code>\oval</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cput-1" href="#g_t_005cput">9.19.12 <code>\put</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cshortstack-1" href="#g_t_005cshortstack">9.19.13 <code>\shortstack</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cvector-1" href="#g_t_005cvector">9.19.14 <code>\vector</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005ccircle-1" href="#g_t_005ccircle">8.19.1 <code>\circle</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cmakebox-1" href="#g_t_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029">8.19.2 <code>\makebox</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cframebox" href="#g_t_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029">8.19.3 <code>\framebox</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cdashbox-1" href="#g_t_005cdashbox">8.19.4 <code>\dashbox</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cframe-1" href="#g_t_005cframe">8.19.5 <code>\frame</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cline-1" href="#g_t_005cline">8.19.6 <code>\line</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005clinethickness-1" href="#g_t_005clinethickness">8.19.7 <code>\linethickness</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cthicklines-1" href="#g_t_005cthicklines">8.19.8 <code>\thicklines</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cthinlines-1" href="#g_t_005cthinlines">8.19.9 <code>\thinlines</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cmultiput-1" href="#g_t_005cmultiput">8.19.10 <code>\multiput</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005coval-1" href="#g_t_005coval">8.19.11 <code>\oval</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cput-1" href="#g_t_005cput">8.19.12 <code>\put</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cshortstack-1" href="#g_t_005cshortstack">8.19.13 <code>\shortstack</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cvector-1" href="#g_t_005cvector">8.19.14 <code>\vector</code></a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a name="toc-quotation-1" href="#quotation">9.20 <code>quotation</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-quote-1" href="#quote">9.21 <code>quote</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-tabbing-1" href="#tabbing">9.22 <code>tabbing</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-table-1" href="#table">9.23 <code>table</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-tabular-1" href="#tabular">9.24 <code>tabular</code></a>
+ <li><a name="toc-quotation-1" href="#quotation">8.20 <code>quotation</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-quote-1" href="#quote">8.21 <code>quote</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-tabbing-1" href="#tabbing">8.22 <code>tabbing</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-table-1" href="#table">8.23 <code>table</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-tabular-1" href="#tabular">8.24 <code>tabular</code></a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-_005cmulticolumn-1" href="#g_t_005cmulticolumn">9.24.1 <code>\multicolumn</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005ccline-1" href="#g_t_005ccline">9.24.2 <code>\cline</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005chline-1" href="#g_t_005chline">9.24.3 <code>\hline</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cvline-1" href="#g_t_005cvline">9.24.4 <code>\vline</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cmulticolumn-1" href="#g_t_005cmulticolumn">8.24.1 <code>\multicolumn</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005ccline-1" href="#g_t_005ccline">8.24.2 <code>\cline</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005chline-1" href="#g_t_005chline">8.24.3 <code>\hline</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cvline-1" href="#g_t_005cvline">8.24.4 <code>\vline</code></a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a name="toc-thebibliography-1" href="#thebibliography">9.25 <code>thebibliography</code></a>
+ <li><a name="toc-thebibliography-1" href="#thebibliography">8.25 <code>thebibliography</code></a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-_005cbibitem-1" href="#g_t_005cbibitem">9.25.1 <code>\bibitem</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005ccite-1" href="#g_t_005ccite">9.25.2 <code>\cite</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cnocite-1" href="#g_t_005cnocite">9.25.3 <code>\nocite</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Using-BibTeX-1" href="#Using-BibTeX">9.25.4 Using BibTeX</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cbibitem-1" href="#g_t_005cbibitem">8.25.1 <code>\bibitem</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005ccite-1" href="#g_t_005ccite">8.25.2 <code>\cite</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cnocite-1" href="#g_t_005cnocite">8.25.3 <code>\nocite</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Using-BibTeX-1" href="#Using-BibTeX">8.25.4 Using BibTeX</a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a name="toc-theorem-1" href="#theorem">9.26 <code>theorem</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-titlepage-1" href="#titlepage">9.27 <code>titlepage</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-verbatim-1" href="#verbatim">9.28 <code>verbatim</code></a>
+ <li><a name="toc-theorem-1" href="#theorem">8.26 <code>theorem</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-titlepage-1" href="#titlepage">8.27 <code>titlepage</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-verbatim-1" href="#verbatim">8.28 <code>verbatim</code></a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-_005cverb-1" href="#g_t_005cverb">9.28.1 <code>\verb</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cverb-1" href="#g_t_005cverb">8.28.1 <code>\verb</code></a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a name="toc-verse-1" href="#verse">9.29 <code>verse</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-verse-1" href="#verse">8.29 <code>verse</code></a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Line-breaking-1" href="#Line-breaking">10 Line breaking</a>
+ <li><a name="toc-Line-breaking-1" href="#Line-breaking">9 Line breaking</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-_005c_005c_005b_002a_005d_005bmorespace_005d" href="#g_t_005c_005c">10.1 <code>\\</code>[*][<var>morespace</var>]</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr-1" href="#g_t_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr">10.2 <code>\obeycr</code> &amp; <code>\restorecr</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cnewline-1" href="#g_t_005cnewline">10.3 <code>\newline</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005c_002d-_0028discretionary-hyphen_0029" href="#g_t_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029">10.4 <code>\-</code> (discretionary hyphen)</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cfussy-1" href="#g_t_005cfussy">10.5 <code>\fussy</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005csloppy-1" href="#g_t_005csloppy">10.6 <code>\sloppy</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005chyphenation-1" href="#g_t_005chyphenation">10.7 <code>\hyphenation</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak-1" href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak">10.8 <code>\linebreak</code> &amp; <code>\nolinebreak</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005c_005c_005b_002a_005d_005bmorespace_005d" href="#g_t_005c_005c">9.1 <code>\\</code>[*][<var>morespace</var>]</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr-1" href="#g_t_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr">9.2 <code>\obeycr</code> &amp; <code>\restorecr</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cnewline-1" href="#g_t_005cnewline">9.3 <code>\newline</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005c_002d-_0028discretionary-hyphen_0029" href="#g_t_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029">9.4 <code>\-</code> (discretionary hyphen)</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cfussy-1" href="#g_t_005cfussy">9.5 <code>\fussy</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005csloppy-1" href="#g_t_005csloppy">9.6 <code>\sloppy</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005chyphenation-1" href="#g_t_005chyphenation">9.7 <code>\hyphenation</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak-1" href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak">9.8 <code>\linebreak</code> &amp; <code>\nolinebreak</code></a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Page-breaking-1" href="#Page-breaking">11 Page breaking</a>
+ <li><a name="toc-Page-breaking-1" href="#Page-breaking">10 Page breaking</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-_005ccleardoublepage-1" href="#g_t_005ccleardoublepage">11.1 <code>\cleardoublepage</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cclearpage-1" href="#g_t_005cclearpage">11.2 <code>\clearpage</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cnewpage-1" href="#g_t_005cnewpage">11.3 <code>\newpage</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cenlargethispage-1" href="#g_t_005cenlargethispage">11.4 <code>\enlargethispage</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak-1" href="#g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak">11.5 <code>\pagebreak</code> &amp; <code>\nopagebreak</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005ccleardoublepage-1" href="#g_t_005ccleardoublepage">10.1 <code>\cleardoublepage</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cclearpage-1" href="#g_t_005cclearpage">10.2 <code>\clearpage</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cnewpage-1" href="#g_t_005cnewpage">10.3 <code>\newpage</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cenlargethispage-1" href="#g_t_005cenlargethispage">10.4 <code>\enlargethispage</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak-1" href="#g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak">10.5 <code>\pagebreak</code> &amp; <code>\nopagebreak</code></a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Footnotes-1" href="#Footnotes">12 Footnotes</a>
+ <li><a name="toc-Footnotes-1" href="#Footnotes">11 Footnotes</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-_005cfootnote-1" href="#g_t_005cfootnote">12.1 <code>\footnote</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cfootnotemark-1" href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">12.2 <code>\footnotemark</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cfootnotetext-1" href="#g_t_005cfootnotetext">12.3 <code>\footnotetext</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Symbolic-footnotes-1" href="#Symbolic-footnotes">12.4 Symbolic footnotes</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Footnote-parameters-1" href="#Footnote-parameters">12.5 Footnote parameters</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cfootnote-1" href="#g_t_005cfootnote">11.1 <code>\footnote</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cfootnotemark-1" href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">11.2 <code>\footnotemark</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cfootnotetext-1" href="#g_t_005cfootnotetext">11.3 <code>\footnotetext</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Symbolic-footnotes-1" href="#Symbolic-footnotes">11.4 Symbolic footnotes</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Footnote-parameters-1" href="#Footnote-parameters">11.5 Footnote parameters</a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Definitions-1" href="#Definitions">13 Definitions</a>
+ <li><a name="toc-Definitions-1" href="#Definitions">12 Definitions</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand-1" href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">13.1 <code>\newcommand</code> &amp; <code>\renewcommand</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cnewcounter-1" href="#g_t_005cnewcounter">13.2 <code>\newcounter</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cnewlength-1" href="#g_t_005cnewlength">13.3 <code>\newlength</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cnewsavebox-1" href="#g_t_005cnewsavebox">13.4 <code>\newsavebox</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment-1" href="#g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment">13.5 <code>\newenvironment</code> &amp; <code>\renewenvironment</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cnewtheorem-1" href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem">13.6 <code>\newtheorem</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cnewfont-1" href="#g_t_005cnewfont">13.7 <code>\newfont</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cprotect-1" href="#g_t_005cprotect">13.8 <code>\protect</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand-1" href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">12.1 <code>\newcommand</code> &amp; <code>\renewcommand</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cnewcounter-1" href="#g_t_005cnewcounter">12.2 <code>\newcounter</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cnewlength-1" href="#g_t_005cnewlength">12.3 <code>\newlength</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cnewsavebox-1" href="#g_t_005cnewsavebox">12.4 <code>\newsavebox</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment-1" href="#g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment">12.5 <code>\newenvironment</code> &amp; <code>\renewenvironment</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cnewtheorem-1" href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem">12.6 <code>\newtheorem</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cnewfont-1" href="#g_t_005cnewfont">12.7 <code>\newfont</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cprotect-1" href="#g_t_005cprotect">12.8 <code>\protect</code></a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Counters-1" href="#Counters">14 Counters</a>
+ <li><a name="toc-Counters-1" href="#Counters">13 Counters</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol_003a-Printing-counters" href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol">14.1 <code>\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</code>: Printing counters</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cusecounter_007bcounter_007d" href="#g_t_005cusecounter">14.2 <code>\usecounter{<var>counter</var>}</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cvalue_007bcounter_007d" href="#g_t_005cvalue">14.3 <code>\value{<var>counter</var>}</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005csetcounter_007bcounter_007d_007bvalue_007d" href="#g_t_005csetcounter">14.4 <code>\setcounter{<var>counter</var>}{<var>value</var>}</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005caddtocounter_007bcounter_007d_007bvalue_007d" href="#g_t_005caddtocounter">14.5 <code>\addtocounter{<var>counter</var>}{<var>value</var>}</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005crefstepcounter_007bcounter_007d" href="#g_t_005crefstepcounter">14.6 <code>\refstepcounter{<var>counter</var>}</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cstepcounter_007bcounter_007d" href="#g_t_005cstepcounter">14.7 <code>\stepcounter{<var>counter</var>}</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cday-_005cmonth-_005cyear_003a-Predefined-counters" href="#g_t_005cday-_005cmonth-_005cyear">14.8 <code>\day \month \year</code>: Predefined counters</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol_003a-Printing-counters" href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol">13.1 <code>\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</code>: Printing counters</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cusecounter_007bcounter_007d" href="#g_t_005cusecounter">13.2 <code>\usecounter{<var>counter</var>}</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cvalue_007bcounter_007d" href="#g_t_005cvalue">13.3 <code>\value{<var>counter</var>}</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005csetcounter_007bcounter_007d_007bvalue_007d" href="#g_t_005csetcounter">13.4 <code>\setcounter{<var>counter</var>}{<var>value</var>}</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005caddtocounter_007bcounter_007d_007bvalue_007d" href="#g_t_005caddtocounter">13.5 <code>\addtocounter{<var>counter</var>}{<var>value</var>}</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005crefstepcounter_007bcounter_007d" href="#g_t_005crefstepcounter">13.6 <code>\refstepcounter{<var>counter</var>}</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cstepcounter_007bcounter_007d" href="#g_t_005cstepcounter">13.7 <code>\stepcounter{<var>counter</var>}</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cday-_005cmonth-_005cyear_003a-Predefined-counters" href="#g_t_005cday-_005cmonth-_005cyear">13.8 <code>\day \month \year</code>: Predefined counters</a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Lengths-1" href="#Lengths">15 Lengths</a>
+ <li><a name="toc-Lengths-1" href="#Lengths">14 Lengths</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-_005csetlength_007b_005clen_007d_007bvalue_007d" href="#g_t_005csetlength">15.1 <code>\setlength{\<var>len</var>}{<var>value</var>}</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005caddtolength_007b_005clen_007d_007bamount_007d" href="#g_t_005caddtolength">15.2 \addtolength{<var>\len</var>}{<var>amount</var>}</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005csettodepth-1" href="#g_t_005csettodepth">15.3 <code>\settodepth</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005csettoheight-1" href="#g_t_005csettoheight">15.4 <code>\settoheight</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005csettowidth_007b_005clen_007d_007btext_007d" href="#g_t_005csettowidth">15.5 <code>\settowidth{\<var>len</var>}{<var>text</var>}</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Predefined-lengths-1" href="#Predefined-lengths">15.6 Predefined lengths</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005csetlength_007b_005clen_007d_007bvalue_007d" href="#g_t_005csetlength">14.1 <code>\setlength{\<var>len</var>}{<var>value</var>}</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005caddtolength_007b_005clen_007d_007bamount_007d" href="#g_t_005caddtolength">14.2 \addtolength{<var>\len</var>}{<var>amount</var>}</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005csettodepth-1" href="#g_t_005csettodepth">14.3 <code>\settodepth</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005csettoheight-1" href="#g_t_005csettoheight">14.4 <code>\settoheight</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005csettowidth_007b_005clen_007d_007btext_007d" href="#g_t_005csettowidth">14.5 <code>\settowidth{\<var>len</var>}{<var>text</var>}</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Predefined-lengths-1" href="#Predefined-lengths">14.6 Predefined lengths</a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Making-paragraphs-1" href="#Making-paragraphs">16 Making paragraphs</a>
+ <li><a name="toc-Making-paragraphs-1" href="#Making-paragraphs">15 Making paragraphs</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-_005cindent-1" href="#g_t_005cindent">16.1 <code>\indent</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cnoindent-1" href="#g_t_005cnoindent">16.2 <code>\noindent</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cparskip-1" href="#g_t_005cparskip">16.3 <code>\parskip</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Marginal-notes-1" href="#Marginal-notes">16.4 Marginal notes</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cindent-1" href="#g_t_005cindent">15.1 <code>\indent</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cnoindent-1" href="#g_t_005cnoindent">15.2 <code>\noindent</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cparskip-1" href="#g_t_005cparskip">15.3 <code>\parskip</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Marginal-notes-1" href="#Marginal-notes">15.4 Marginal notes</a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Math-formulas-1" href="#Math-formulas">17 Math formulas</a>
+ <li><a name="toc-Math-formulas-1" href="#Math-formulas">16 Math formulas</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-Subscripts-_0026-superscripts-1" href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">17.1 Subscripts &amp; superscripts</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Math-symbols-1" href="#Math-symbols">17.2 Math symbols</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Math-functions-1" href="#Math-functions">17.3 Math functions</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Math-accents-1" href="#Math-accents">17.4 Math accents</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Spacing-in-math-mode-1" href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">17.5 Spacing in math mode</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Math-miscellany-1" href="#Math-miscellany">17.6 Math miscellany</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Subscripts-_0026-superscripts-1" href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">16.1 Subscripts &amp; superscripts</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Math-symbols-1" href="#Math-symbols">16.2 Math symbols</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Math-functions-1" href="#Math-functions">16.3 Math functions</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Math-accents-1" href="#Math-accents">16.4 Math accents</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Spacing-in-math-mode-1" href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">16.5 Spacing in math mode</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Math-miscellany-1" href="#Math-miscellany">16.6 Math miscellany</a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Modes-1" href="#Modes">18 Modes</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Page-styles-1" href="#Page-styles">19 Page styles</a>
+ <li><a name="toc-Modes-1" href="#Modes">17 Modes</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Page-styles-1" href="#Page-styles">18 Page styles</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-_005cmaketitle-1" href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">19.1 <code>\maketitle</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cpagenumbering-1" href="#g_t_005cpagenumbering">19.2 <code>\pagenumbering</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cpagestyle-1" href="#g_t_005cpagestyle">19.3 <code>\pagestyle</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cthispagestyle_007bstyle_007d" href="#g_t_005cthispagestyle">19.4 <code>\thispagestyle{<var>style</var>}</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cmaketitle-1" href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">18.1 <code>\maketitle</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cpagenumbering-1" href="#g_t_005cpagenumbering">18.2 <code>\pagenumbering</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cpagestyle-1" href="#g_t_005cpagestyle">18.3 <code>\pagestyle</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cthispagestyle_007bstyle_007d" href="#g_t_005cthispagestyle">18.4 <code>\thispagestyle{<var>style</var>}</code></a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Spaces-1" href="#Spaces">20 Spaces</a>
+ <li><a name="toc-Spaces-1" href="#Spaces">19 Spaces</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-_005chspace-1" href="#g_t_005chspace">20.1 <code>\hspace</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005chfill-1" href="#g_t_005chfill">20.2 <code>\hfill</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cSPACE-1" href="#g_t_005cSPACE">20.3 <code>\SPACE</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005c_0040" href="#g_t_005cAT">20.4 <code>\@</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cthinspace-1" href="#g_t_005cthinspace">20.5 <code>\thinspace</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005c_002f-1" href="#g_t_005c_002f">20.6 <code>\/</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005chrulefill-1" href="#g_t_005chrulefill">20.7 <code>\hrulefill</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cdotfill-1" href="#g_t_005cdotfill">20.8 <code>\dotfill</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005caddvspace-1" href="#g_t_005caddvspace">20.9 <code>\addvspace</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cbigskip-_005cmedskip-_005csmallskip-1" href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_005cmedskip-_005csmallskip">20.10 <code>\bigskip \medskip \smallskip</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cvfill-1" href="#g_t_005cvfill">20.11 <code>\vfill</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cvspace_005b_002a_005d_007blength_007d" href="#g_t_005cvspace">20.12 <code>\vspace[*]{<var>length</var>}</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005chspace-1" href="#g_t_005chspace">19.1 <code>\hspace</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005chfill-1" href="#g_t_005chfill">19.2 <code>\hfill</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cSPACE_003a-Normal-interword-space" href="#g_t_005cSPACE">19.3 <code>\SPACE</code>: Normal interword space</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005c_0040_003a-Force-sentence_002dending-punctuation" href="#g_t_005c_0040">19.4 <code>\@</code>: Force sentence-ending punctuation</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cthinspace_003a-Insert-1_002f6em" href="#g_t_005cthinspace">19.5 <code>\thinspace</code>: Insert 1/6em</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005c_002f_003a-Insert-italic-correction" href="#g_t_005c_002f">19.6 <code>\/</code>: Insert italic correction</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005chrulefill-1" href="#g_t_005chrulefill">19.7 <code>\hrulefill</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cdotfill-1" href="#g_t_005cdotfill">19.8 <code>\dotfill</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005caddvspace-1" href="#g_t_005caddvspace">19.9 <code>\addvspace</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cbigskip-_005cmedskip-_005csmallskip-1" href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_005cmedskip-_005csmallskip">19.10 <code>\bigskip \medskip \smallskip</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cvfill-1" href="#g_t_005cvfill">19.11 <code>\vfill</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cvspace_005b_002a_005d_007blength_007d" href="#g_t_005cvspace">19.12 <code>\vspace[*]{<var>length</var>}</code></a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Boxes-1" href="#Boxes">21 Boxes</a>
+ <li><a name="toc-Boxes-1" href="#Boxes">20 Boxes</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-_005cmbox_007btext_007d" href="#g_t_005cmbox">21.1 <code>\mbox{<var>text}</var></code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cfbox-and-_005cframebox-1" href="#g_t_005cfbox-and-_005cframebox">21.2 <code>\fbox</code> and <code>\framebox</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-lrbox-1" href="#lrbox">21.3 <code>lrbox</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cmakebox-2" href="#g_t_005cmakebox">21.4 <code>\makebox</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cparbox-1" href="#g_t_005cparbox">21.5 <code>\parbox</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005craisebox-1" href="#g_t_005craisebox">21.6 <code>\raisebox</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005csavebox-1" href="#g_t_005csavebox">21.7 <code>\savebox</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005csbox_007b_005cboxcmd_007d_007btext_007d" href="#g_t_005csbox">21.8 <code>\sbox{<var>\boxcmd</var>}{<var>text</var>}</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cusebox_007b_005cboxcmd" href="#g_t_005cusebox">21.9 <code>\usebox{<var>\boxcmd</var></code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cmbox_007btext_007d" href="#g_t_005cmbox">20.1 <code>\mbox{<var>text}</var></code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cfbox-and-_005cframebox-1" href="#g_t_005cfbox-and-_005cframebox">20.2 <code>\fbox</code> and <code>\framebox</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-lrbox-1" href="#lrbox">20.3 <code>lrbox</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cmakebox-2" href="#g_t_005cmakebox">20.4 <code>\makebox</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cparbox-1" href="#g_t_005cparbox">20.5 <code>\parbox</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005craisebox-1" href="#g_t_005craisebox">20.6 <code>\raisebox</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005csavebox-1" href="#g_t_005csavebox">20.7 <code>\savebox</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005csbox_007b_005cboxcmd_007d_007btext_007d" href="#g_t_005csbox">20.8 <code>\sbox{<var>\boxcmd</var>}{<var>text</var>}</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cusebox_007b_005cboxcmd_007d" href="#g_t_005cusebox">20.9 <code>\usebox{<var>\boxcmd</var>}</code></a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Special-insertions-1" href="#Special-insertions">22 Special insertions</a>
+ <li><a name="toc-Special-insertions-1" href="#Special-insertions">21 Special insertions</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-Reserved-characters-1" href="#Reserved-characters">22.1 Reserved characters</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Text-symbols-1" href="#Text-symbols">22.2 Text symbols</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Accents-1" href="#Accents">22.3 Accents</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Non_002dEnglish-characters-1" href="#Non_002dEnglish-characters">22.4 Non-English characters</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005crule-1" href="#g_t_005crule">22.5 <code>\rule</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005ctoday-1" href="#g_t_005ctoday">22.6 <code>\today</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Reserved-characters-1" href="#Reserved-characters">21.1 Reserved characters</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Text-symbols-1" href="#Text-symbols">21.2 Text symbols</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Accents-1" href="#Accents">21.3 Accents</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Non_002dEnglish-characters-1" href="#Non_002dEnglish-characters">21.4 Non-English characters</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005crule-1" href="#g_t_005crule">21.5 <code>\rule</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005ctoday-1" href="#g_t_005ctoday">21.6 <code>\today</code></a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Splitting-the-input-1" href="#Splitting-the-input">23 Splitting the input</a>
+ <li><a name="toc-Splitting-the-input-1" href="#Splitting-the-input">22 Splitting the input</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-_005cinclude-1" href="#g_t_005cinclude">23.1 <code>\include</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cincludeonly-1" href="#g_t_005cincludeonly">23.2 \<code>includeonly</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cinput-1" href="#g_t_005cinput">23.3 \input</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cinclude-1" href="#g_t_005cinclude">22.1 <code>\include</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cincludeonly-1" href="#g_t_005cincludeonly">22.2 \<code>includeonly</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cinput-1" href="#g_t_005cinput">22.3 \input</a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Front_002fback-matter-1" href="#Front_002fback-matter">24 Front/back matter</a>
+ <li><a name="toc-Front_002fback-matter-1" href="#Front_002fback-matter">23 Front/back matter</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-Tables-of-contents-1" href="#Tables-of-contents">24.1 Tables of contents</a>
+ <li><a name="toc-Tables-of-contents-1" href="#Tables-of-contents">23.1 Tables of contents</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-_005caddcontentsline-1" href="#g_t_005caddcontentsline">24.1.1 \addcontentsline</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005caddtocontents-1" href="#g_t_005caddtocontents">24.1.2 \addtocontents</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005caddcontentsline-1" href="#g_t_005caddcontentsline">23.1.1 \addcontentsline</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005caddtocontents-1" href="#g_t_005caddtocontents">23.1.2 \addtocontents</a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Glossaries-1" href="#Glossaries">24.2 Glossaries</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Indexes-1" href="#Indexes">24.3 Indexes</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Glossaries-1" href="#Glossaries">23.2 Glossaries</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Indexes-1" href="#Indexes">23.3 Indexes</a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Letters-1" href="#Letters">25 Letters</a>
+ <li><a name="toc-Letters-1" href="#Letters">24 Letters</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-_005caddress_007breturn_002daddress_007d" href="#g_t_005caddress">25.1 \address{<var>return-address}</var></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005ccc-1" href="#g_t_005ccc">25.2 <code>\cc</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cclosing-1" href="#g_t_005cclosing">25.3 <code>\closing</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cencl-1" href="#g_t_005cencl">25.4 <code>\encl</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005clocation-1" href="#g_t_005clocation">25.5 <code>\location</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cmakelabels-1" href="#g_t_005cmakelabels">25.6 <code>\makelabels</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cname-1" href="#g_t_005cname">25.7 <code>\name</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005copening_007btext_007d" href="#g_t_005copening">25.8 <code>\opening{<var>text</var>}</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cps-1" href="#g_t_005cps">25.9 <code>\ps</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005csignature_007btext_007d" href="#g_t_005csignature">25.10 <code>\signature{<var>text</var>}</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cstartbreaks-1" href="#g_t_005cstartbreaks">25.11 <code>\startbreaks</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005cstopbreaks-1" href="#g_t_005cstopbreaks">25.12 <code>\stopbreaks</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005ctelephone-1" href="#g_t_005ctelephone">25.13 <code>\telephone</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005caddress_007breturn_002daddress_007d" href="#g_t_005caddress">24.1 \address{<var>return-address}</var></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005ccc-1" href="#g_t_005ccc">24.2 <code>\cc</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cclosing-1" href="#g_t_005cclosing">24.3 <code>\closing</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cencl-1" href="#g_t_005cencl">24.4 <code>\encl</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005clocation-1" href="#g_t_005clocation">24.5 <code>\location</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cmakelabels-1" href="#g_t_005cmakelabels">24.6 <code>\makelabels</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cname-1" href="#g_t_005cname">24.7 <code>\name</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005copening_007btext_007d" href="#g_t_005copening">24.8 <code>\opening{<var>text</var>}</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cps-1" href="#g_t_005cps">24.9 <code>\ps</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005csignature_007btext_007d" href="#g_t_005csignature">24.10 <code>\signature{<var>text</var>}</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cstartbreaks-1" href="#g_t_005cstartbreaks">24.11 <code>\startbreaks</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005cstopbreaks-1" href="#g_t_005cstopbreaks">24.12 <code>\stopbreaks</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005ctelephone-1" href="#g_t_005ctelephone">24.13 <code>\telephone</code></a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Terminal-input_002foutput-1" href="#Terminal-input_002foutput">26 Terminal input/output</a>
+ <li><a name="toc-Terminal-input_002foutput-1" href="#Terminal-input_002foutput">25 Terminal input/output</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-_005ctypein_005bcmd_005d_007bmsg_007d" href="#g_t_005ctypein">26.1 <code>\typein[<var>cmd</var>]{<var>msg</var>}</code></a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-_005ctypeout_007bmsg_007d" href="#g_t_005ctypeout">26.2 <code>\typeout{<var>msg</var>}</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005ctypein_005bcmd_005d_007bmsg_007d" href="#g_t_005ctypein">25.1 <code>\typein[<var>cmd</var>]{<var>msg</var>}</code></a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-_005ctypeout_007bmsg_007d" href="#g_t_005ctypeout">25.2 <code>\typeout{<var>msg</var>}</code></a></li>
</ul></li>
- <li><a name="toc-Command-line-1" href="#Command-line">27 Command line</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-Command-line-1" href="#Command-line">26 Command line</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Document-templates-1" href="#Document-templates">Appendix A Document templates</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
- <li><a name="toc-book-template-1" href="#book-template">A.1 <code>book</code> template</a></li>
- <li><a name="toc-beamer-template-1" href="#beamer-template">A.2 <code>beamer</code> template</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-beamer-template-1" href="#beamer-template">A.1 <code>beamer</code> template</a></li>
+ <li><a name="toc-book-template-1" href="#book-template">A.2 <code>book</code> template</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-tugboat-template-1" href="#tugboat-template">A.3 <code>tugboat</code> template</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Concept-Index-1" href="#Concept-Index">Concept Index</a></li>
@@ -405,40 +409,36 @@ ul.no-bullet {list-style: none}
<p>
Next: <a href="#About-this-document" accesskey="n" rel="next">About this document</a>, Up: <a href="dir.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">(dir)</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<a name="LaTeX2e"></a>
-<h1 class="top">LaTeX2e</h1>
+<a name="LaTeX2e_003a-An-unofficial-reference-manual"></a>
+<h1 class="top">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</h1>
-<p>This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a
-document preparation system, version as of May 2014. It is
-intended to cover LaTeX2e, which has been the standard version of
-LaTeX for many years.
+<p>This document is an unofficial reference manual (version of
+May 2015) for LaTeX2e, a document preparation system.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#About-this-document" accesskey="1">About this document</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Bug reporting, etc.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Overview" accesskey="2">Overview</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">What is LaTeX?
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Starting-_0026-ending" accesskey="3">Starting &amp; ending</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">The standard beginning and end of a document.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Document-classes" accesskey="3">Document classes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Some of the various classes available.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Document-classes" accesskey="4">Document classes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Some of the various classes available.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Fonts" accesskey="4">Fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Italic, bold, typewriter, etc.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Fonts" accesskey="5">Fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Italic, bold, typewriter, etc.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Layout" accesskey="5">Layout</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Controlling the page layout.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Layout" accesskey="6">Layout</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Controlling the page layout.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="6">Sectioning</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">How to section properly.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="7">Sectioning</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">How to section properly.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Cross-references" accesskey="7">Cross references</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Automatic referencing.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Cross-references" accesskey="8">Cross references</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Automatic referencing.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Environments" accesskey="8">Environments</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Such as enumerate &amp; itemize.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Environments" accesskey="9">Environments</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Such as enumerate &amp; itemize.
-</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Line-breaking">Line breaking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Influencing line breaks.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="9">Line breaking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Influencing line breaks.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Page-breaking">Page breaking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Influencing page breaks.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Footnotes">Footnotes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">How to produce footnotes.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Definitions">Definitions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Define your own commands etc.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Definitions">Definitions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Define your own commands, etc.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Counters">Counters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Internal counters used by LaTeX.
</td></tr>
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ LaTeX for many years.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Front_002fback-matter">Front/back matter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Tables of contents, glossaries, indexes.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Letters">Letters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">The letter class.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Letters">Letters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">The <code>letter</code> class.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Terminal-input_002foutput">Terminal input/output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">User interaction.
</td></tr>
@@ -486,49 +486,63 @@ Next: <a href="#Overview" accesskey="n" rel="next">Overview</a>, Previous: <a hr
<a name="About-this-document-1"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">1 About this document</h2>
-<a name="index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e"></a>
-<a name="index-Lamport_002c-Leslie"></a>
-<a name="index-LaTeX-Project-team"></a>
-<p>The LaTeX document preparation system is implemented as a macro
-package for Donald&nbsp;E. Knuth&rsquo;s TeX typesetting program.
-LaTeX was originally created by Leslie Lamport; it is now
-maintained by a group of volunteers (<a href="http://latex-project.org">http://latex-project.org</a>).
-The official documentation written by the LaTeX project is
-available from their web site.
-</p>
<a name="index-bug-reporting"></a>
<a name="index-reporting-bugs"></a>
-<a name="index-latexrefman_002ddiscuss_0040gna_002eorg-email-address"></a>
-<p>The present document is completely unofficial and has not been
-reviewed by the LaTeX maintainers. Do not send bug reports or
-anything else about this document to them. Instead, please send all
-comments to <a href="mailto:latexrefman-discuss@gna.org">latexrefman-discuss@gna.org</a>.
-</p>
-<p>The home page for this document is
+<a name="index-http_003a_002f_002fhome_002egna_002eorg_002flatexrefman-home-page"></a>
+<p>This is an unofficial reference manual for the LaTeX2e document
+preparation system, which is a macro package for the TeX
+typesetting program (see <a href="#Overview">Overview</a>). This document&rsquo;s home page is
<a href="http://home.gna.org/latexrefman">http://home.gna.org/latexrefman</a>. That page has links to the
-current output in various formats, sources, mailing lists, and other
-infrastructure.
+current output in various formats, sources, mailing list archives and
+subscriptions, and other infrastructure.
+</p>
+<a name="index-LaTeX-vs_002e-LaTeX2e"></a>
+<p>In this document, we will mostly just use &lsquo;LaTeX&rsquo; rather than
+&lsquo;LaTeX2e&rsquo;, since the previous version of LaTeX&nbsp;(2.09) was
+retired many years ago.
</p>
-<p>Of course, there are many, many other sources of information about
-LaTeX. Here are a few:
+<a name="index-unofficial-nature-of-this-manual"></a>
+<a name="index-LaTeX-Project-team"></a>
+<a name="index-latexrefman_002ddiscuss_0040gna_002eorg-email-address"></a>
+<p>LaTeX is currently maintained by a group of volunteers
+(<a href="http://latex-project.org">http://latex-project.org</a>). The official documentation written by
+the LaTeX project is available from their web site. This document is
+completely unofficial and has not been reviewed by the LaTeX
+maintainers. Do not send bug reports or anything else about this
+document to them. Instead, please send all comments to
+<a href="mailto:latexrefman-discuss@gna.org">latexrefman-discuss@gna.org</a>.
+</p>
+<p>This document is a reference. There is a vast array of other sources
+of information about LaTeX, at all levels. Here are a few
+introductions.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
-<dt><a href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/latex-doc-ptr">http://www.ctan.org/pkg/latex-doc-ptr</a></dt>
-<dd><p>Two pages of recommended references to LaTeX documentation.
+<dt><a href="http://ctan.org/pkg/latex-doc-ptr">http://ctan.org/pkg/latex-doc-ptr</a></dt>
+<dd><a name="index-latex_002ddoc_002dptr-document"></a>
+<p>Two pages of recommended references to LaTeX documentation.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt><a href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/first-latex-doc">http://www.ctan.org/pkg/first-latex-doc</a></dt>
-<dd><p>Writing your first document, with a bit of both text and math.
+<dt><a href="http://ctan.org/pkg/first-latex-doc">http://ctan.org/pkg/first-latex-doc</a></dt>
+<dd><a name="index-first_002dlatex_002ddoc-document"></a>
+<p>Writing your first document, with a bit of both text and math.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt><a href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/usrguide">http://www.ctan.org/pkg/usrguide</a></dt>
-<dd><p>The guide for document authors maintained as part of LaTeX; there
-are several others.
+<dt><a href="http://ctan.org/pkg/usrguide">http://ctan.org/pkg/usrguide</a></dt>
+<dd><a name="index-usrguide-official-documentation"></a>
+<p>The guide for document authors that is maintained as part of LaTeX;
+there are plenty of others available elsewhere.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a href="http://ctan.org/pkg/lshort">http://ctan.org/pkg/lshort</a></dt>
+<dd><a name="index-lshort-document"></a>
+<p>A short introduction to LaTeX, translated to many languages.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><a href="http://tug.org/begin.html">http://tug.org/begin.html</a></dt>
-<dd><p>Introduction to the TeX system, including LaTeX.
-</p></dd>
+<dd><p>Introduction to the TeX system, including LaTeX, with further
+references.
+</p>
+</dd>
</dl>
@@ -536,161 +550,350 @@ are several others.
<a name="Overview"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#Starting-_0026-ending" accesskey="n" rel="next">Starting &amp; ending</a>, Previous: <a href="#About-this-document" accesskey="p" rel="prev">About this document</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Document-classes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Document classes</a>, Previous: <a href="#About-this-document" accesskey="p" rel="prev">About this document</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Overview-of-LaTeX"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">2 Overview of LaTeX</h2>
-<p>What is LaTeX?
-</p>
<a name="index-overview-of-LaTeX"></a>
<a name="index-basics-of-LaTeX"></a>
+<a name="index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e"></a>
+<a name="index-Lamport_002c-Leslie"></a>
<a name="index-LaTeX-overview"></a>
-<p>LaTeX typesets a file of text using the TeX program and the
-LaTeX &ldquo;macro package&rdquo; for TeX. That is, it processes an input
-file containing the text of a document with interspersed commands that
-describe how the text should be formatted. LaTeX files are plain
-text that can be written in any reasonable editor. It produces at
-least three files as output:
+
+<p>LaTeX is a system for typesetting documents. It was originally
+created by Leslie Lamport and is now maintained by a group of volunteers
+(<a href="http://latex-project.org">http://latex-project.org</a>). It is widely used, particularly for
+complex and technical documents, such as those involving mathematics.
+</p>
+<a name="index-macro-package_002c-LaTeX-as"></a>
+<p>A LaTeX user writes an input file containing text along with
+interspersed commands, for instance commands describing how the text
+should be formatted. It is implemented as a set of related commands
+that interface with Donald&nbsp;E. Knuth&rsquo;s TeX typesetting program
+(the technical term is that LaTeX is a <em>macro package</em> for the
+TeX engine). The user produces the output document by giving that
+file to the TeX engine.
+</p>
+<p>The term LaTeX is also sometimes used to mean the language in which
+the document is marked up, that is, to mean the set of commands
+available to a LaTeX user.
+</p>
+<a name="index-Lamport-TeX"></a>
+<a name="index-pronunciation"></a>
+<p>The name LaTeX is short for &ldquo;Lamport TeX&rdquo;. It is pronounced
+LAH-teck or LAY-teck, or sometimes LAY-tecks. Inside a document,
+produce the logo with <code>\LaTeX</code>. Where use of the logo is not
+sensible, such as in plain text, write it as &lsquo;<samp>LaTeX</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
-<ol>
-<li> The main output file, which is one of:
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Starting-and-ending" accesskey="1">Starting and ending</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">The standard beginning and end of a document.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Output-files" accesskey="2">Output files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Files produced.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#TeX-engines" accesskey="3">TeX engines</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Programs that implementation LaTeX.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax" accesskey="4">LaTeX command syntax</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">General syntax of LaTeX commands.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr>
+<a name="Starting-and-ending"></a>
+<div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Output-files" accesskey="n" rel="next">Output files</a>, Up: <a href="#Overview" accesskey="u" rel="up">Overview</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<a name="Starting-and-ending-1"></a>
+<h3 class="section">2.1 Starting and ending</h3>
+
+<a name="Starting-_0026-ending"></a><a name="index-starting-_0026-ending"></a>
+<a name="index-ending-_0026-starting"></a>
+<a name="index-hello_002c-world"></a>
+
+<p>LaTeX files have a simple global structure, with a standard
+starting and ending. Here is a &ldquo;hello, world&rdquo; example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\documentclass{article}
+\begin{document}
+Hello, \LaTeX\ world.
+\end{document}
+</pre></div>
+
+<a name="index-document-class_002c-defined"></a>
+<p>Here, the &lsquo;<samp>article</samp>&rsquo; is the so-called <em>document class</em>,
+implemented in a file <samp>article.cls</samp>. Any document class can be
+used. A few document classes are defined by LaTeX itself, and vast
+array of others are widely available. See <a href="#Document-classes">Document classes</a>.
+</p>
+<a name="index-preamble_002c-defined"></a>
+<p>You can include other LaTeX commands between the
+<code>\documentclass</code> and the <code>\begin{document}</code> commands.
+This area is called the <em>preamble</em>.
+</p>
+<p>The <code>\begin{document} ... \end{document}</code> is a so-called
+<em>environment</em>; the &lsquo;<samp>document</samp>&rsquo; environment (and no others) is
+required in all LaTeX documents. LaTeX provides many
+environments itself, and many more are defined separately.
+See <a href="#Environments">Environments</a>.
+</p>
+<p>The following sections discuss how to produce PDF or other output from
+a LaTeX input file.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<a name="Output-files"></a>
+<div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#TeX-engines" accesskey="n" rel="next">TeX engines</a>, Previous: <a href="#Starting-and-ending" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Starting and ending</a>, Up: <a href="#Overview" accesskey="u" rel="up">Overview</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<a name="Output-files-1"></a>
+<h3 class="section">2.2 Output files</h3>
+
+<p>LaTeX produces a main output file and at least two accessory files.
+The main output file&rsquo;s name ends in either <samp>.dvi</samp> or <samp>.pdf</samp>.
+</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>.dvi</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-_002edvi-file"></a>
<a name="index-latex-command"></a>
-<p>If invoked as <code>latex</code>, a &ldquo;Device Independent&rdquo; (<samp>.dvi</samp>)
-file is produced. This contains commands that can be translated into
-commands for virtually any output device. You can view such
-<samp>.dvi</samp> output of LaTeX by using a program such as
-<code>xdvi</code> (display directly), <code>dvips</code> (convert to
-PostScript), or <code>dvipdfmx</code> (convert to PDF).
+<a name="index-xdvi-command"></a>
+<a name="index-dvips-command"></a>
+<a name="index-dvipdfmx-command"></a>
+<a name="index-dvitype-command"></a>
+<p>If LaTeX is invoked with the system command <code>latex</code> then it
+produces a DeVice Independent file, with extension <samp>.dvi</samp>. You
+can view this file with a command such as <code>xdvi</code>, or convert
+it to a PostScript <code>.ps</code> file with <code>dvips</code> or to a
+Portable Document Format <code>.pdf</code> file with <code>dvipdfmx</code>.
+The contents of the file can be dumped in human-readable form with
+<code>dvitype</code>. A vast array of other DVI utility programs are
+available (<a href="http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/dviware">http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/dviware</a>).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>.pdf</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-_002epdf-file"></a>
<a name="index-pdfTeX"></a>
<a name="index-pdflatex-command"></a>
-<p>If invoked as <code>pdflatex</code>, a &ldquo;Portable Document Format&rdquo;
-(<samp>.pdf</samp>) file. Typically, this is a self-contained file, with
-all fonts and images embedded. This can be very useful, but it does
-make the output much larger than the <samp>.dvi</samp> produced from the
-same document.
-</p>
-<a name="index-lualatex-command"></a>
-<a name="index-LuaTeX"></a>
-<p>If invoked as <code>lualatex</code>, a <samp>.pdf</samp> file is created using
-the LuaTeX engine (<a href="http://luatex.org">http://luatex.org</a>).
-</p>
-<a name="index-xelatex-command"></a>
-<a name="index-XeTeX"></a>
-<p>If invoked as <code>xelatex</code>, a <samp>.pdf</samp> file is created using
-the XeTeX engine (<a href="http://tug.org/xetex">http://tug.org/xetex</a>).
+<p>If LaTeX is invoked via the system command <code>pdflatex</code>,
+among other commands (see <a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a>), then the main output is
+a Portable Document Format (PDF) file. Typically this is a
+self-contained file, with all fonts and images included.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
-<p>Many other less-common variants of LaTeX (and TeX) exist, which
-can produce HTML, XML, and other things.
+<p>LaTeX also produces at least two additional files.
</p>
-</li><li> <a name="index-transcript-file"></a>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>.log</code></dt>
+<dd><a name="index-transcript-file"></a>
<a name="index-log-file"></a>
<a name="index-_002elog-file"></a>
-The &ldquo;transcript&rdquo; or <samp>.log</samp> file that contains summary
-information and diagnostic messages for any errors discovered in the
-input file.
-
-</li><li> <a name="index-auxiliary-file"></a>
-<a name="index-_002eaux-file"></a>
-An &ldquo;auxiliary&rdquo; or <samp>.aux</samp> file. This is used by LaTeX itself,
-for things such as cross-references.
-</li></ol>
-
-<p>An open-ended list of other files might be created. We won&rsquo;t try to
-list them all. Xxx components?
+<p>This transcript file contains summary information such as a list of
+loaded packages. It also includes diagnostic messages and perhaps
+additional information for any errors.
</p>
-<a name="index-_005c-character-starting-commands"></a>
-<a name="index-_005b_002e_002e_002e_005d-for-optional-arguments"></a>
-<a name="index-_007b_002e_002e_002e_007d-for-required-arguments"></a>
-<p>In the LaTeX input file, a command name starts with a <code>\</code>,
-followed by either (a)&nbsp;a string of letters or (b)&nbsp;a single
-non-letter. Arguments contained in square brackets, <code>[]</code>, are
-optional while arguments contained in braces, <code>{}</code>, are
-required.
+</dd>
+<dt><code>.aux</code></dt>
+<dd><a name="index-auxiliary-file"></a>
+<a name="index-_002eaux-file"></a>
+<a name="index-cross-references_002c-resolving"></a>
+<a name="index-forward-references_002c-resolving"></a>
+<a name="index-references_002c-resolving-forward"></a>
+<p>Auxiliary information is used by LaTeX for things such as
+cross references. For example, the first time that LaTeX finds a
+forward reference&mdash;a cross reference to something that has not yet
+appeared in the source&mdash;it will appear in the output as a doubled
+question mark <code>??</code>. When the referred-to spot does eventually
+appear in the source then LaTeX writes its location information to
+this <code>.aux</code> file. On the next invocation, LaTeX reads the
+location information from this file and uses it to resolve the
+reference, replacing the double question mark with the remembered
+location.
</p>
-<a name="index-case-sensitivity-of-LaTeX"></a>
-<p>LaTeX is case sensitive. Enter all commands in lower case unless
-explicitly directed to do otherwise.
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<a name="index-_002elof-file"></a>
+<a name="index-list-of-figures-file"></a>
+<a name="index-_002elot-file"></a>
+<a name="index-list-of-tables-file"></a>
+<a name="index-_002etoc-file"></a>
+<a name="index-table-of-contents-file"></a>
+<a name="index-contents-file"></a>
+<p>LaTeX may produce yet more files, characterized by the filename
+ending. These include a <code>.lof</code> file that is used to make a list
+of figures, a <code>.lot</code> file used to make a list of tables, and a
+<code>.toc</code> file used to make a table of contents. A particular class
+may create others; the list is open-ended.
</p>
<hr>
-<a name="Starting-_0026-ending"></a>
+<a name="TeX-engines"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#Document-classes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Document classes</a>, Previous: <a href="#Overview" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Overview</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax" accesskey="n" rel="next">LaTeX command syntax</a>, Previous: <a href="#Output-files" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Output files</a>, Up: <a href="#Overview" accesskey="u" rel="up">Overview</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<a name="Starting-_0026-ending-1"></a>
-<h2 class="chapter">3 Starting &amp; ending</h2>
+<a name="TeX-engines-1"></a>
+<h3 class="section">2.3 TeX engines</h3>
-<a name="index-starting-_0026-ending"></a>
-<a name="index-ending-_0026-starting"></a>
+<a name="index-engines_002c-TeX"></a>
+<a name="index-implementations-of-TeX"></a>
+<a name="index-UTF_002d8"></a>
+<a name="index-Unicode-input_002c-native"></a>
+<a name="index-TrueType-fonts"></a>
+<a name="index-OpenType-fonts"></a>
-<p>A minimal input file looks like the following:
+<p>LaTeX is defined to be a set of commands that are run by a TeX
+implementation (see <a href="#Overview">Overview</a>). This section gives a terse
+overview of the main programs.
</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\documentclass{<var>class</var>}
-\begin{document}
-<var>your text</var>
-\end{document}
-</pre></div>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>latex</code></dt>
+<dt><code>pdflatex</code></dt>
+<dd><a name="index-pdfTeX-engine"></a>
+<a name="index-etex-command"></a>
+<a name="index-e_002dTeX"></a>
+<p>In TeX Live (<a href="http://tug.org/texlive">http://tug.org/texlive</a>, if LaTeX is invoked
+via either the system command <code>latex</code> or <code>pdflatex</code>,
+then the pdfTeX engine is run (<a href="http://ctan.org/pkg/pdftex">http://ctan.org/pkg/pdftex</a>).
+When invoked as <code>latex</code>, the main output is a <samp>.dvi</samp>
+file; as <code>pdflatex</code>, the main output is a <samp>.pdf</samp> file.
+</p>
+<p>pdfTeX incorporates the e-TeX extensions to Knuth&rsquo;s original
+program (<a href="http://ctan.org/pkg/etex">http://ctan.org/pkg/etex</a>), including additional
+programming features and bi-directional typesetting, and has plenty of
+extensions of its own. e-TeX is available on its own as the
+command <code>etex</code>, but this is plain TeX (and produces
+<samp>.dvi</samp>).
+</p>
+<p>In other TeX distributions, <code>latex</code> may invoke e-TeX
+rather than pdfTeX. In any case, the e-TeX extensions can be
+assumed to be available in LaTeX.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>lualatex</code></dt>
+<dd><a name="index-lualatex-command"></a>
+<a name="index-LuaTeX"></a>
+<p>If LaTeX is invoked via the system command <code>lualatex</code>, the
+LuaTeX engine is run (<a href="http://ctan.org/pkg/luatex">http://ctan.org/pkg/luatex</a>). This
+program allows code written in the scripting language Lua
+(<a href="http://luatex.org">http://luatex.org</a>) to interact with TeX&rsquo;s typesetting.
+LuaTeX handles UTF-8 Unicode input natively, can handle OpenType
+and TrueType fonts, and produces a <samp>.pdf</samp> file by default.
+There is also <code>dvilualatex</code> to produce a <samp>.dvi</samp> file,
+but this is rarely used.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>xelatex</code></dt>
+<dd><a name="index-xelatex-command"></a>
+<a name="index-XeTeX"></a>
+<p>If LaTeX is invoked with the system command <code>xelatex</code>, the
+XeTeX engine is run (<a href="http://tug.org/xetex">http://tug.org/xetex</a>). Like LuaTeX,
+XeTeX also natively supports UTF-8 Unicode and TrueType and
+OpenType fonts, though the implementation is completely different,
+mainly using external libraries instead of internal code. XeTeX
+produces a <samp>.pdf</samp> file as output; it does not support DVI output.
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
-<p>where the <var>class</var> is a valid document class for LaTeX.
-See <a href="#Document-classes">Document classes</a>, for details of the various document classes
-available locally.
+<p>Other variants of LaTeX and TeX exist, e.g., to provide
+additional support for Japanese and other languages ([u]pTeX,
+<a href="http://ctan.org/pkg/ptex">http://ctan.org/pkg/ptex</a>, <a href="http://ctan.org/pkg/uptex">http://ctan.org/pkg/uptex</a>).
</p>
-<a name="index-preamble_002c-defined"></a>
-<p>You may include other LaTeX commands between the <code>\documentclass</code>
-and the <code>\begin{document}</code> commands (this area is called the
-<em>preamble</em>).
+
+<hr>
+<a name="LaTeX-command-syntax"></a>
+<div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#TeX-engines" accesskey="p" rel="prev">TeX engines</a>, Up: <a href="#Overview" accesskey="u" rel="up">Overview</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<a name="LaTeX-command-syntax-1"></a>
+<h3 class="section">2.4 LaTeX command syntax</h3>
+
+<a name="index-command-syntax"></a>
+<a name="index-_005c-character-starting-commands"></a>
+<a name="index-_005b_002e_002e_002e_005d-for-optional-arguments"></a>
+<a name="index-_007b_002e_002e_002e_007d-for-required-arguments"></a>
+<p>In the LaTeX input file, a command name starts with a <code>\</code>; the
+name itself then consists of either (a)&nbsp;a string of letters or
+(b)&nbsp;a single non-letter.
+</p>
+<p>A command may be followed by zero, one, or more arguments, either
+required or optional. Required arguments are contained in curly
+braces, <code>{...}</code>. Optional arguments are contained in square
+brackets, <code>[...]</code>. Generally, but not universally, if the
+command accepts an optional argument, it comes first, before any
+required arguments.
+</p>
+<p>Some commands have a <code>*</code> form that is related to the form without
+a <code>*</code>, such as <code>\chapter</code> and <code>\chapter*</code>.
+</p>
+<p>LaTeX commands are case sensitive; neither <code>\Begin{document}</code>
+nor <code>\begin{Document}</code> will work. Most commands are lowercase,
+but in any event you must enter all commands in the same case as they
+are defined.
+</p>
+<p>This manual describes all accepted options and <code>*</code>-forms for the
+commands it covers (barring unintentional omissions, a.k.a. bugs).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Document-classes"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#Fonts" accesskey="n" rel="next">Fonts</a>, Previous: <a href="#Starting-_0026-ending" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Starting &amp; ending</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Fonts" accesskey="n" rel="next">Fonts</a>, Previous: <a href="#Overview" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Overview</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Document-classes-1"></a>
-<h2 class="chapter">4 Document classes</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter">3 Document classes</h2>
<a name="index-document-classes"></a>
<a name="index-classes-of-documents"></a>
<a name="index-_005cdocumentclass"></a>
-<p>The class of a given document is defined with the command:
+<p>The document&rsquo;s overall class is defined with this command, which is
+normally the first command in a LaTeX source file.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">\documentclass[<var>options</var>]{<var>class</var>}
</pre></div>
-<p>The <code>\documentclass</code> command must be the first command in a
-LaTeX source file.
-</p>
<a name="index-article-class"></a>
<a name="index-report-class"></a>
<a name="index-book-class"></a>
<a name="index-letter-class"></a>
<a name="index-slides-class"></a>
-<p>Built-in LaTeX document <var>class</var> names are (many other document
-classes are available as add-ons; see <a href="#Overview">Overview</a>):
+<p>The following document <var>class</var> names are built into LaTeX.
+(Many other document classes are available as separate packages;
+see <a href="#Overview">Overview</a>.)
</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">article report book letter slides
-</pre></div>
-
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>article</code></dt>
+<dd><p>For a journal article, a presentation, and miscellaneous general use.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>book</code></dt>
+<dd><p>Full-length books, including chapters and possibly including front
+matter, such as a preface, and back matter, such as an appendix
+(see <a href="#Front_002fback-matter">Front/back matter</a>).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>report</code></dt>
+<dd><p>For documents of length between an <code>article</code> and a <code>book</code>,
+such as technical reports or theses, which may contain several chapters.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>slides</code></dt>
+<dd><p>For slide presentations&mdash;rarely used today. In its place the
+<code>beamer</code> package is perhaps the most prevalent (see <a href="#beamer-template">beamer template</a>).
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
-<p>Standard <var>options</var> are described below.
+<p>Standard <var>options</var> are described in the next section.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Document-class-options" accesskey="1">Document class options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Global options.
@@ -705,17 +908,16 @@ classes are available as add-ons; see <a href="#Overview">Overview</a>):
Up: <a href="#Document-classes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Document classes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Document-class-options-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">4.1 Document class options</h3>
+<h3 class="section">3.1 Document class options</h3>
<a name="index-document-class-options"></a>
<a name="index-options_002c-document-class"></a>
<a name="index-class-options"></a>
<a name="index-global-options"></a>
-<p>You can specify so-called <em>global options</em> or <em>class options</em>
-to the <code>\documentclass</code> command by enclosing them in square
-brackets as usual. To specify more than one <var>option</var>, separate
-them with a comma:
+<p>You can specify so-called <em>global options</em> or <em>class options</em> to
+the <code>\documentclass</code> command by enclosing them in square brackets.
+To specify more than one <var>option</var>, separate them with a comma, as in:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">\documentclass[<var>option1</var>,<var>option2</var>,...]{<var>class</var>}
@@ -757,28 +959,46 @@ size (default is <code>letterpaper</code>):
<p>Miscellaneous other options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
-<dt><code>draft, final</code></dt>
+<dt><code>draft</code></dt>
+<dt><code>final</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-black-boxes_002c-omitting"></a>
-<p>mark/do not mark overfull boxes with a big black box; default is <code>final</code>.
-</p></dd>
+<p>Mark (<code>draft</code>) or do not mark (<code>final</code>) overfull boxes with a
+black box in the margin; default is <code>final</code>.
+</p>
+</dd>
<dt><code>fleqn</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Put displayed formulas flush left; default is centered.
-</p></dd>
+<dd><a name="index-flush-left-equations"></a>
+<a name="index-centered-equations"></a>
+<a name="index-equations_002c-flush-left-vs_002e-centered"></a>
+<p>Put displayed formulas flush left; default is centered.
+</p>
+</dd>
<dt><code>landscape</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Selects landscape format; default is portrait.
-</p></dd>
+<dd><a name="index-landscape-orientation"></a>
+<a name="index-portrait-orientation"></a>
+<p>Selects landscape format; default is portrait.
+</p>
+</dd>
<dt><code>leqno</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Put equation numbers on the left side of equations; default is the right side.
-</p></dd>
+<dd><a name="index-left_002dhand-equation-numbers"></a>
+<a name="index-right_002dhand-equation-numbers"></a>
+<a name="index-equation-numbers_002c-left-vs_002e-right"></a>
+<p>Put equation numbers on the left side of equations; default is the right side.
+</p>
+</dd>
<dt><code>openbib</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Use &ldquo;open&rdquo; bibliography format.
-</p></dd>
-<dt><code>titlepage, notitlepage</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Specifies whether the title page is separate; default depends on the class.
+<dd><a name="index-bibliography-format_002c-open"></a>
+<p>Use &ldquo;open&rdquo; bibliography format.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>titlepage</code></dt>
+<dt><code>notitlepage</code></dt>
+<dd><a name="index-title-page_002c-separate-or-run_002din"></a>
+<p>Specifies whether the title page is separate; default depends on the class.
</p></dd>
</dl>
-<p>These options are not available with the slides class:
+<p>The following options are not available with the <code>slides</code> class.
</p>
<a name="index-onecolumn-option"></a>
<a name="index-twocolumn-option"></a>
@@ -797,30 +1017,30 @@ size (default is <code>letterpaper</code>):
<dd><a name="index-_005cevensidemargin"></a>
<a name="index-_005coddsidemargin"></a>
<p>Selects one- or two-sided layout; default is <code>oneside</code>, except
-for the <code>book</code> class.
+that in the <code>book</code> class the default is <code>twoside</code>.
</p>
-<p>The <code>\evensidemargin</code> (<code>\oddsidemargin</code> parameter determines
-the distance on even (odd) numbered pages between the left side of the
-page and the text&rsquo;s left margin. The defaults vary with the paper
-size and whether one- or two-side layout is selected. For one-sided
-printing the text is centered, for two-sided, <code>\oddsidemargin</code> is
-40% of the difference between <code>\paperwidth</code> and <code>\textwidth</code>,
-with <code>\evensidemargin</code> the remainder.
+<p>For one-sided printing, the text is centered on the page. For two-sided
+printing, the <code>\evensidemargin</code> (<code>\oddsidemargin</code>) parameter
+determines the distance on even (odd) numbered pages between the left
+side of the page and the text&rsquo;s left margin, with <code>\oddsidemargin</code>
+being 40% of the difference between <code>\paperwidth</code> and
+<code>\textwidth</code>, and <code>\evensidemargin</code> is the remainder.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>openright</code></dt>
<dt><code>openany</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Determines if a chapter should start on a
-right-hand page; default is <code>openright</code> for book.
+<dd><p>Determines if a chapter should start on a right-hand page; default is
+<code>openright</code> for <code>book</code>, and <code>openany</code> for <code>report</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
+<a name="index-clock-option-to-slides-class"></a>
<p>The <code>slides</code> class offers the option <code>clock</code> for printing
the time at the bottom of each note.
</p>
-
-<a name="index-packages_002c-loading"></a>
<a name="index-loading-additional-packages"></a>
+<a name="index-packages_002c-loading-additional"></a>
+<a name="index-additional-packages_002c-loading"></a>
<a name="index-_005cusepackage"></a>
<p>Additional packages are loaded like this:
</p>
@@ -828,8 +1048,9 @@ the time at the bottom of each note.
<pre class="example">\usepackage[<var>options</var>]{<var>pkg</var>}
</pre></div>
-<p>To specify more than one <var>pkg</var>, you can separate them with a
-comma, or use multiple <code>\usepackage</code> commands.
+<p>To specify more than one package, you can separate them with a comma,
+as in <code>\usepackage{<var>pkg1</var>,<var>pkg2</var>,...}</code>, or use multiple
+<code>\usepackage</code> commands.
</p>
<a name="index-global-options-1"></a>
<a name="index-options_002c-global"></a>
@@ -845,7 +1066,7 @@ by the selected document class are passed on to the packages loaded with
Next: <a href="#Layout" accesskey="n" rel="next">Layout</a>, Previous: <a href="#Document-classes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Document classes</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Fonts-1"></a>
-<h2 class="chapter">5 Fonts</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter">4 Fonts</h2>
<a name="Typefaces"></a>
<a name="index-typefaces"></a>
<a name="index-fonts"></a>
@@ -854,7 +1075,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Layout" accesskey="n" rel="next">Layout</a>, Previous: <a href="
and a style. The LaTeX commands for doing this are described here.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Font-styles" accesskey="1">Font styles</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Select roman, italics etc.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Font-styles" accesskey="1">Font styles</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Select roman, italics, etc.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Font-sizes" accesskey="2">Font sizes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Select point size.
</td></tr>
@@ -870,7 +1091,7 @@ and a style. The LaTeX commands for doing this are described here.
Next: <a href="#Font-sizes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Font sizes</a>, Up: <a href="#Fonts" accesskey="u" rel="up">Fonts</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Font-styles-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">5.1 Font styles</h3>
+<h3 class="section">4.1 Font styles</h3>
<a name="index-font-styles"></a>
<a name="index-typeface-styles"></a>
@@ -885,13 +1106,22 @@ arguments. The scope of the declaration form lasts until the next type
style command or the end of the current group.
</p>
<p>These commands, in both the argument form and the declaration form,
-are cumulative; e.g.,, you can say either <code>\sffamily\bfseries</code> or
+are cumulative; e.g., you can say either <code>\sffamily\bfseries</code> or
<code>\bfseries\sffamily</code> to get bold sans serif.
</p>
<p>You can alternatively use an environment form of the declarations; for
instance, <code>\begin{ttfamily}...\end{ttfamily}</code>.
</p>
-<p>These commands automatically supply an italic correction if needed.
+<a name="index-_005cnocorrlist"></a>
+<a name="index-_005cnocorr"></a>
+<p>These font-switching commands automatically insert italic corrections
+if needed. (See <a href="#g_t_005c_002f">\/</a>, for the details of italic corrections.)
+Specifically, they insert the italic correction unless the following
+character is in the list <code>\nocorrlist</code>, which by default consists
+of a period and a comma. To suppress the automatic insertion of
+italic correction, use <code>\nocorr</code> at the start or end of the
+command argument, such as <code>\textit{\nocorr text}</code> or
+<code>\textsc{text \nocorr}</code>.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>\textrm (\rmfamily)</code></dt>
@@ -1022,8 +1252,8 @@ FAQ entry: <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=osf">http://w
<p>LaTeX also provides the following commands, which unconditionally
switch to the given style, that is, are <em>not</em> cumulative. Also,
they are used differently than the above commands: <code>{\<var>cmd</var>
-...}</code> instead of <code>\<var>cmd</var>{...}</code>. These are two very
-different things.
+...}</code> instead of <code>\<var>cmd</var>{...}</code>. These are two unrelated
+constructs.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>\bf</code>
@@ -1111,7 +1341,7 @@ their place.
Next: <a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands" accesskey="n" rel="next">Low-level font commands</a>, Previous: <a href="#Font-styles" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Font styles</a>, Up: <a href="#Fonts" accesskey="u" rel="up">Fonts</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Font-sizes-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">5.2 Font sizes</h3>
+<h3 class="section">4.2 Font sizes</h3>
<a name="index-font-sizes"></a>
<a name="index-typeface-sizes"></a>
<a name="index-sizes-of-text"></a>
@@ -1159,7 +1389,7 @@ these commands; for instance, <code>\begin{tiny}...\end{tiny}</code>.
Previous: <a href="#Font-sizes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Font sizes</a>, Up: <a href="#Fonts" accesskey="u" rel="up">Fonts</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Low_002dlevel-font-commands-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">5.3 Low-level font commands</h3>
+<h3 class="section">4.3 Low-level font commands</h3>
<a name="index-low_002dlevel-font-commands"></a>
<a name="index-font-commands_002c-low_002dlevel"></a>
@@ -1267,7 +1497,7 @@ followed by <code>\selectfont</code>.
Next: <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="n" rel="next">Sectioning</a>, Previous: <a href="#Fonts" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Fonts</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Layout-1"></a>
-<h2 class="chapter">6 Layout</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter">5 Layout</h2>
<a name="index-layout-commands"></a>
<p>Miscellaneous commands for controlling the general layout of the page.
@@ -1281,7 +1511,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="n" rel="next">Sectioning</a>, Previous: <
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005craggedbottom" accesskey="4">\raggedbottom</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Allow text pages of differing height.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Page-layout-parameters" accesskey="5">Page layout parameters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">\headheight \footskip.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Page-layout-parameters" accesskey="5">Page layout parameters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top"><code>\headheight</code> <code>\footskip</code>.
</td></tr>
</table>
@@ -1293,7 +1523,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="n" rel="next">Sectioning</a>, Previous: <
Next: <a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn" accesskey="n" rel="next">\twocolumn</a>, Up: <a href="#Layout" accesskey="u" rel="up">Layout</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005conecolumn-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">6.1 <code>\onecolumn</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">5.1 <code>\onecolumn</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005conecolumn"></a>
<a name="index-one_002dcolumn-output"></a>
@@ -1308,7 +1538,7 @@ single-column output. This is the default.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cflushbottom" accesskey="n" rel="next">\flushbottom</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005conecolumn" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\onecolumn</a>, Up: <a href="#Layout" accesskey="u" rel="up">Layout</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005ctwocolumn-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">6.2 <code>\twocolumn</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">5.2 <code>\twocolumn</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005ctwocolumn"></a>
<a name="index-multicolumn-text"></a>
<a name="index-two_002dcolumn-output"></a>
@@ -1391,7 +1621,7 @@ and the main text. Default &lsquo;<samp>20pt plus2pt minus4pt</samp>&rsquo;.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005craggedbottom" accesskey="n" rel="next">\raggedbottom</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\twocolumn</a>, Up: <a href="#Layout" accesskey="u" rel="up">Layout</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cflushbottom-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">6.3 <code>\flushbottom</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">5.3 <code>\flushbottom</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cflushbottom"></a>
@@ -1410,7 +1640,7 @@ page.
Next: <a href="#Page-layout-parameters" accesskey="n" rel="next">Page layout parameters</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cflushbottom" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\flushbottom</a>, Up: <a href="#Layout" accesskey="u" rel="up">Layout</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005craggedbottom-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">6.4 <code>\raggedbottom</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">5.4 <code>\raggedbottom</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005craggedbottom"></a>
<a name="index-stretch_002c-omitting-vertical"></a>
@@ -1426,7 +1656,7 @@ stretched.
Previous: <a href="#g_t_005craggedbottom" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\raggedbottom</a>, Up: <a href="#Layout" accesskey="u" rel="up">Layout</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Page-layout-parameters-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">6.5 Page layout parameters</h3>
+<h3 class="section">5.5 Page layout parameters</h3>
<a name="index-page-layout-parameters"></a>
<a name="index-parameters_002c-page-layout"></a>
@@ -1526,7 +1756,7 @@ then divided by two.
<a name="index-_005ctopskip"></a>
</dt>
<dd><p>Minimum distance between the top of the page body and the baseline of
-the first line of text. For the standard clases, the default is the
+the first line of text. For the standard classes, the default is the
same as the font size, e.g., &lsquo;<samp>10pt</samp>&rsquo; at &lsquo;<samp>10pt</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
@@ -1540,7 +1770,7 @@ same as the font size, e.g., &lsquo;<samp>10pt</samp>&rsquo; at &lsquo;<samp>10p
Next: <a href="#Cross-references" accesskey="n" rel="next">Cross references</a>, Previous: <a href="#Layout" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Layout</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Sectioning-1"></a>
-<h2 class="chapter">7 Sectioning</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter">6 Sectioning</h2>
<a name="index-sectioning"></a>
<p>Sectioning commands provide the means to structure your text into units:
@@ -1552,7 +1782,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Cross-references" accesskey="n" rel="next">Cross references</a>,
<dt><code>\chapter</code>
<a name="index-_005cchapter"></a>
</dt>
-<dd><p>(report and book class only)
+<dd><p>(<code>report</code> and <code>book</code> class only)
</p></dd>
<dt><code>\section</code>
<a name="index-_005csection"></a>
@@ -1633,7 +1863,7 @@ The setting
Next: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="n" rel="next">Environments</a>, Previous: <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Sectioning</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Cross-references-1"></a>
-<h2 class="chapter">8 Cross references</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter">7 Cross references</h2>
<a name="index-cross-references"></a>
<p>One reason for numbering things like figures and equations is to refer
@@ -1656,7 +1886,7 @@ the reader to them, as in &ldquo;See Figure 3 for more details.&rdquo;
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cpageref" accesskey="n" rel="next">\pageref</a>, Up: <a href="#Cross-references" accesskey="u" rel="up">Cross references</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005clabel-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">8.1 <code>\label</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">7.1 <code>\label</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005clabel"></a>
<p>Synopsis:
@@ -1670,7 +1900,8 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005cpageref" accesskey="n" rel="next">\pageref</a>, Up: <a h
inside a numbered environment assigns that number to <var>key</var>.
</p>
<p>A <var>key</var> name can consist of any sequence of letters, digits, or
-punctuation characters. Upper and lowercase letters are distinguished.
+punctuation characters. Upper and lowercase letters are
+distinguished, as usual.
</p>
<p>To avoid accidentally creating two labels with the same name, it is
common to use labels consisting of a prefix and a suffix separated by
@@ -1705,7 +1936,7 @@ a colon or period. Some conventionally-used prefixes:
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cref" accesskey="n" rel="next">\ref</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005clabel" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\label</a>, Up: <a href="#Cross-references" accesskey="u" rel="up">Cross references</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cpageref_007bkey_007d"></a>
-<h3 class="section">8.2 <code>\pageref{<var>key</var>}</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">7.2 <code>\pageref{<var>key</var>}</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cpageref"></a>
<a name="index-cross-referencing-with-page-number"></a>
<a name="index-page-number_002c-cross-referencing"></a>
@@ -1728,7 +1959,7 @@ the place in the text where the corresponding
Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cpageref" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\pageref</a>, Up: <a href="#Cross-references" accesskey="u" rel="up">Cross references</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cref_007bkey_007d"></a>
-<h3 class="section">8.3 <code>\ref{<var>key</var>}</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">7.3 <code>\ref{<var>key</var>}</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cref"></a>
<a name="index-cross-referencing_002c-symbolic"></a>
<a name="index-section-number_002c-cross-referencing"></a>
@@ -1755,7 +1986,7 @@ such as the word &lsquo;Section&rsquo; or &lsquo;Figure&rsquo;, just the bare nu
Next: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="n" rel="next">Line breaking</a>, Previous: <a href="#Cross-references" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Cross references</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Environments-1"></a>
-<h2 class="chapter">9 Environments</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter">8 Environments</h2>
<a name="index-environments"></a>
<a name="index-_005cbegin"></a>
@@ -1839,7 +2070,7 @@ Each environment begins and ends in the same manner:
Next: <a href="#array" accesskey="n" rel="next">array</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="abstract-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.1 <code>abstract</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">8.1 <code>abstract</code></h3>
<a name="index-abstract-environment"></a>
<a name="index-abstracts"></a>
@@ -1861,7 +2092,7 @@ Next: <a href="#array" accesskey="n" rel="next">array</a>, Up: <a href="#Environ
Next: <a href="#center" accesskey="n" rel="next">center</a>, Previous: <a href="#abstract" accesskey="p" rel="prev">abstract</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="array-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.2 <code>array</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">8.2 <code>array</code></h3>
<a name="index-array-environment"></a>
<a name="index-arrays_002c-math"></a>
@@ -1878,8 +2109,8 @@ Next: <a href="#center" accesskey="n" rel="next">center</a>, Previous: <a href="
within an <code>equation</code> environment (see <a href="#equation">equation</a>). It has a
single mandatory <var>template</var> argument describing the number of
columns and the alignment within them. Each column <var>col</var> is
-specified by a single letter that tells how items in that row should
-be formatted, as follows:
+specified by a single letter that tells how items in each row of that
+column should be formatted, as follows:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>c</code></dt>
@@ -1929,7 +2160,7 @@ namely <code>\arrayrulewidth</code> and <code>\arraystretch</code>.
Next: <a href="#description" accesskey="n" rel="next">description</a>, Previous: <a href="#array" accesskey="p" rel="prev">array</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="center-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.3 <code>center</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">8.3 <code>center</code></h3>
<a name="index-center-environment"></a>
<a name="index-centering-text_002c-environment-for"></a>
@@ -1962,7 +2193,7 @@ string <code>\\</code>.
Up: <a href="#center" accesskey="u" rel="up">center</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005ccentering-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">9.3.1 <code>\centering</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">8.3.1 <code>\centering</code></h4>
<a name="index-_005ccentering"></a>
<a name="index-centering-text_002c-declaration-for"></a>
@@ -1997,7 +2228,7 @@ second line \\
Next: <a href="#displaymath" accesskey="n" rel="next">displaymath</a>, Previous: <a href="#center" accesskey="p" rel="prev">center</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="description-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.4 <code>description</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">8.4 <code>description</code></h3>
<a name="index-description-environment"></a>
<a name="index-labelled-lists_002c-creating"></a>
@@ -2037,7 +2268,7 @@ plain typewriter}]</code>.
Next: <a href="#document" accesskey="n" rel="next">document</a>, Previous: <a href="#description" accesskey="p" rel="prev">description</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="displaymath-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.5 <code>displaymath</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">8.5 <code>displaymath</code></h3>
<a name="index-displaymath-environment"></a>
@@ -2071,12 +2302,12 @@ equation number, use the <code>equation</code> environment (see <a href="#equati
Next: <a href="#enumerate" accesskey="n" rel="next">enumerate</a>, Previous: <a href="#displaymath" accesskey="p" rel="prev">displaymath</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="document-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.6 <code>document</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">8.6 <code>document</code></h3>
<a name="index-document-environment"></a>
<p>The <code>document</code> environment encloses the body of a document.
-It is required in every LaTeX document. See <a href="#Starting-_0026-ending">Starting &amp; ending</a>.
+It is required in every LaTeX document. See <a href="#Starting-and-ending">Starting and ending</a>.
</p>
<hr>
@@ -2086,7 +2317,7 @@ It is required in every LaTeX document. See <a href="#Starting-_0026-ending">St
Next: <a href="#eqnarray" accesskey="n" rel="next">eqnarray</a>, Previous: <a href="#document" accesskey="p" rel="prev">document</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="enumerate-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.7 <code>enumerate</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">8.7 <code>enumerate</code></h3>
<a name="index-enumerate-environment"></a>
<a name="index-lists-of-items_002c-numbered"></a>
@@ -2152,7 +2383,7 @@ letters:
Next: <a href="#equation" accesskey="n" rel="next">equation</a>, Previous: <a href="#enumerate" accesskey="p" rel="prev">enumerate</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="eqnarray-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.8 <code>eqnarray</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">8.8 <code>eqnarray</code></h3>
<a name="index-eqnarray-environment"></a>
<a name="index-equations_002c-aligning"></a>
@@ -2180,7 +2411,7 @@ others) from the <code>amsmath</code> package.
<a name="index-_005c_005c-_0028for-eqnarray_0029"></a>
<p>The <code>eqnarray</code> environment is used to display a sequence of
-equations or inequalities. It is very much like a three-column
+equations or inequalities. It is similar to a three-column
<code>array</code> environment, with consecutive rows separated by <code>\\</code>
and consecutive items within a row separated by an <code>&amp;</code>.
</p>
@@ -2209,7 +2440,7 @@ zero width.
Next: <a href="#figure" accesskey="n" rel="next">figure</a>, Previous: <a href="#eqnarray" accesskey="p" rel="prev">eqnarray</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="equation-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.9 <code>equation</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">8.9 <code>equation</code></h3>
<a name="index-equation-environment"></a>
<a name="index-equations_002c-environment-for"></a>
@@ -2235,7 +2466,7 @@ on the page, and also places an equation number in the right margin.
Next: <a href="#filecontents" accesskey="n" rel="next">filecontents</a>, Previous: <a href="#equation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">equation</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="figure-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.10 <code>figure</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">8.10 <code>figure</code></h3>
<a name="index-figure"></a>
<a name="index-inserting-figures"></a>
<a name="index-figures_002c-inserting"></a>
@@ -2275,13 +2506,12 @@ FAQ: <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=2colfloat">http://w
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>h</code></dt>
-<dd><a name="index-float-package"></a>
-<p>(Here)&mdash;at the position in the text where the figure environment
-appears. However, this is not allowed by itself; <code>t</code> is
+<dd><p>(Here)&mdash;at the position in the text where the <code>figure</code> environment
+appears. However, <code>t</code> is not allowed by itself; <code>t</code> is
automatically added.
</p>
<a name="index-here_002c-putting-floats"></a>
-<a name="index-float-package-1"></a>
+<a name="index-float-package"></a>
<p>To absolutely force a figure to appear &ldquo;here&rdquo;, you can
<code>\usepackage{float}</code> and use the <code>H</code> specifier which it
defines. For further discussion, see the FAQ entry at
@@ -2303,7 +2533,7 @@ see above.
</dd>
</dl>
-<p>The standard report and article classes use the default placement
+<p>The standard <code>report</code> and <code>article</code> classes use the default placement
<code>tbp</code>.
</p>
<p>The body of the figure is made up of whatever text, LaTeX commands,
@@ -2320,7 +2550,7 @@ non-float text:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dd><a name="index-_005cbottomfraction"></a>
-<p>The maximum fraction of the page allowed to be occuped by floats at
+<p>The maximum fraction of the page allowed to be occupied by floats at
the bottom; default &lsquo;<samp>.3</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
@@ -2373,25 +2603,32 @@ default &lsquo;<samp>20pt plus2pt minus4pt</samp>&rsquo;.
</p></dd>
</dl>
-<p>Parameters relating to the number of floats on a page:
+<p>Counters relating to the number of floats on a page:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
-<dt><code>\bottomnumber</code>
-<a name="index-_005cbottomnumber"></a>
+<dt><code>bottomnumber</code>
+<a name="index-bottomnumber"></a>
</dt>
<dd><p>Maximum number of floats that can appear at the bottom of a text page;
default 1.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt><code>\topnumber</code>
-<a name="index-_005ctopnumber"></a>
+<dt><code>dbltopnumber</code>
+<a name="index-dbltopnumber"></a>
+</dt>
+<dd><p>Maximum number of full-sized floats that can appear at the top of a
+two-column page; default 2.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>topnumber</code>
+<a name="index-topnumber"></a>
</dt>
<dd><p>Maximum number of floats that can appear at the top of a text page;
default 2.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt><code>\totalnumber</code>
-<a name="index-_005ctotalnumber"></a>
+<dt><code>totalnumber</code>
+<a name="index-totalnumber"></a>
</dt>
<dd><p>Maximum number of floats that can appear on a text page; default 3.
</p></dd>
@@ -2408,7 +2645,7 @@ default 2.
Next: <a href="#flushleft" accesskey="n" rel="next">flushleft</a>, Previous: <a href="#figure" accesskey="p" rel="prev">figure</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="filecontents_003a-Create-external-files"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.11 <code>filecontents</code>: Create external files</h3>
+<h3 class="section">8.11 <code>filecontents</code>: Create external files</h3>
<a name="index-filecontents"></a>
<a name="index-external-files_002c-creating"></a>
<a name="index-writing-external-files"></a>
@@ -2456,9 +2693,9 @@ unrelated to using the created file. So you need to use, for
instance, <code>\input</code> or <code>\usepackage</code> or <code>\bibliography</code>
or whatever is applicable, to use the created file.
</p>
-<p>This environment is also useful to make a self-contained document, for
-example, for a bug report, or to keep a <samp>.bib</samp> file with the main
-document.
+<p>This environment is also useful to make a document in a self-contained
+file, for example, for a bug report, or to keep the content of a
+<samp>.bib</samp> file in the same file as the main document.
</p>
<hr>
@@ -2468,7 +2705,7 @@ document.
Next: <a href="#flushright" accesskey="n" rel="next">flushright</a>, Previous: <a href="#filecontents" accesskey="p" rel="prev">filecontents</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="flushleft-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.12 <code>flushleft</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">8.12 <code>flushleft</code></h3>
<a name="index-flushleft-environment"></a>
<a name="index-left_002djustifying-text_002c-environment-for"></a>
<a name="index-ragged-right-text_002c-environment-for"></a>
@@ -2499,7 +2736,7 @@ right Each line must be terminated with the string <code>\\</code>.
Up: <a href="#flushleft" accesskey="u" rel="up">flushleft</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005craggedright-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">9.12.1 <code>\raggedright</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">8.12.1 <code>\raggedright</code></h4>
<a name="index-_005craggedright"></a>
<a name="index-ragged-right-text"></a>
<a name="index-left_002djustifying-text"></a>
@@ -2523,7 +2760,7 @@ command that ends the paragraph unit.
Next: <a href="#itemize" accesskey="n" rel="next">itemize</a>, Previous: <a href="#flushleft" accesskey="p" rel="prev">flushleft</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="flushright-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.13 <code>flushright</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">8.13 <code>flushright</code></h3>
<a name="index-flushright-environment"></a>
<a name="index-ragged-left-text_002c-environment-for"></a>
<a name="index-right_002djustifying-text_002c-environment-for"></a>
@@ -2554,7 +2791,7 @@ left. Each line must be terminated with the string <code>\\</code>.
Up: <a href="#flushright" accesskey="u" rel="up">flushright</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005craggedleft-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">9.13.1 <code>\raggedleft</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">8.13.1 <code>\raggedleft</code></h4>
<a name="index-_005craggedleft"></a>
<a name="index-ragged-left-text"></a>
<a name="index-justification_002c-ragged-left"></a>
@@ -2578,7 +2815,7 @@ command that ends the paragraph unit.
Next: <a href="#letter" accesskey="n" rel="next">letter</a>, Previous: <a href="#flushright" accesskey="p" rel="prev">flushright</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="itemize-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.14 <code>itemize</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">8.14 <code>itemize</code></h3>
<a name="index-itemize-environment"></a>
<a name="index-_005citem-2"></a>
<a name="index-lists-of-items"></a>
@@ -2749,7 +2986,7 @@ see <a href="#g_t_005cparskip">\parskip</a>):
Next: <a href="#list" accesskey="n" rel="next">list</a>, Previous: <a href="#itemize" accesskey="p" rel="prev">itemize</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="letter-environment_003a-writing-letters"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.15 <code>letter</code> environment: writing letters</h3>
+<h3 class="section">8.15 <code>letter</code> environment: writing letters</h3>
<a name="index-letter"></a>
<p>This environment is used for creating letters. See <a href="#Letters">Letters</a>.
@@ -2762,7 +2999,7 @@ Next: <a href="#list" accesskey="n" rel="next">list</a>, Previous: <a href="#ite
Next: <a href="#math" accesskey="n" rel="next">math</a>, Previous: <a href="#letter" accesskey="p" rel="prev">letter</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="list-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.16 <code>list</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">8.16 <code>list</code></h3>
<a name="index-list"></a>
<a name="index-lists-of-items_002c-generic"></a>
@@ -2798,7 +3035,7 @@ empty, i.e., <code>{}</code>, which leaves the default spacing.
Next: <a href="#minipage" accesskey="n" rel="next">minipage</a>, Previous: <a href="#list" accesskey="p" rel="prev">list</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="math-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.17 <code>math</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">8.17 <code>math</code></h3>
<a name="index-math-environment"></a>
<a name="index-in_002dline-formulas"></a>
@@ -2823,7 +3060,7 @@ See <a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a>.
Next: <a href="#picture" accesskey="n" rel="next">picture</a>, Previous: <a href="#math" accesskey="p" rel="prev">math</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="minipage-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.18 <code>minipage</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">8.18 <code>minipage</code></h3>
<a name="index-minipage-environment"></a>
<a name="index-minipage_002c-creating-a"></a>
@@ -2868,7 +3105,7 @@ footnotes; they may wind up at the bottom of the wrong minipage.
Next: <a href="#quotation" accesskey="n" rel="next">quotation</a>, Previous: <a href="#minipage" accesskey="p" rel="prev">minipage</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="picture-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.19 <code>picture</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">8.19 <code>picture</code></h3>
<a name="index-picture"></a>
<a name="index-creating-pictures"></a>
@@ -2991,10 +3228,11 @@ be the lower left corner of the box.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">\makebox (picture)</a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up">picture</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005ccircle-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">9.19.1 <code>\circle</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">8.19.1 <code>\circle</code></h4>
<a name="index-_005ccircle"></a>
-<div class="example">
+<p>Synopsis:
+</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">\circle[*]{<var>diameter</var>}
</pre></div>
@@ -3002,7 +3240,7 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">\mak
to the specified one as possible. The <code>*</code>-form of the command
draws a solid circle.
</p>
-<p>Circles up to 40 pt can be drawn.
+<p>Circles up to 40pt can be drawn.
</p>
<hr>
@@ -3012,17 +3250,20 @@ draws a solid circle.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">\framebox (picture)</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005ccircle" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\circle</a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up">picture</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cmakebox-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">9.19.2 <code>\makebox</code></h4>
-<a name="index-_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029"></a>
+<h4 class="subsection">8.19.2 <code>\makebox</code></h4>
+<a name="index-_005cmakebox-_0028for-picture_0029"></a>
+
+<p>Synopsis:
+</p><div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\makebox(<var>width</var>,<var>height</var>)[<var>position</var>]{<var>text</var>}
+</pre></div>
-<p><code>\makebox(width,height)[position]{...}</code>
-</p>
<p>The <code>\makebox</code> command for the picture environment is similar to
the normal <code>\makebox</code> command except that you must specify a
-<code>width</code> and <code>height</code> in multiples of <code>\unitlength</code>.
+<var>width</var> and <var>height</var> in multiples of <code>\unitlength</code>.
</p>
-<p>The optional argument, <code>[position]</code>, specifies the quadrant that
-your text appears in. You may select up to two of the following:
+<p>The optional argument, <code>[<var>position</var>]</code>, specifies the quadrant that
+your <var>text</var> appears in. You may select up to two of the following:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>t</code></dt>
@@ -3053,7 +3294,7 @@ your text appears in. You may select up to two of the following:
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cdashbox" accesskey="n" rel="next">\dashbox</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\makebox (picture)</a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up">picture</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cframebox"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">9.19.3 <code>\framebox</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">8.19.3 <code>\framebox</code></h4>
<a name="index-_005cframebox"></a>
<p>Synopsis:
@@ -3080,7 +3321,7 @@ and the contents of the box.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cframe" accesskey="n" rel="next">\frame</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\framebox (picture)</a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up">picture</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cdashbox-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">9.19.4 <code>\dashbox</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">8.19.4 <code>\dashbox</code></h4>
<a name="index-_005cdashbox"></a>
@@ -3094,8 +3335,8 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005cframe" accesskey="n" rel="next">\frame</a>, Previous: <a
<code>picture</code> environment. Dashes are <var>dlen</var> units long, and the
rectangle has overall width <var>rwidth</var> and height <var>rheight</var>.
The <var>text</var> is positioned at optional <var>pos</var>. </p>
-<p>A dashed box looks best when the <code>rwidth</code> and <code>rheight</code> are
-multiples of the <code>dlen</code>.
+<p>A dashed box looks best when the <var>rwidth</var> and <var>rheight</var> are
+multiples of the <var>dlen</var>.
</p>
<hr>
@@ -3105,7 +3346,7 @@ multiples of the <code>dlen</code>.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cline" accesskey="n" rel="next">\line</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cdashbox" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\dashbox</a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up">picture</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cframe-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">9.19.5 <code>\frame</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">8.19.5 <code>\frame</code></h4>
<a name="index-_005cframe"></a>
<p>Synopsis:
@@ -3126,7 +3367,7 @@ space is put between the frame and the object.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005clinethickness" accesskey="n" rel="next">\linethickness</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cframe" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\frame</a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up">picture</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cline-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">9.19.6 <code>\line</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">8.19.6 <code>\line</code></h4>
<a name="index-_005cline"></a>
<p>Synopsis:
@@ -3138,10 +3379,12 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005clinethickness" accesskey="n" rel="next">\linethickness</
<p>The <code>\line</code> command draws a line with the given <var>length</var> and
slope <var>xslope</var>/<var>yslope</var>.
</p>
+<a name="index-pict2e-package"></a>
+<a name="index-graphics-packages"></a>
<p>Standard LaTeX can only draw lines with <em><var>slope</var> = x/y</em>,
where <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> have integer values from -6
-through&nbsp;6. For lines of any slope, not to mention other shapes,
-see the <code>curve2e</code> and many many other packages on CTAN.
+through&nbsp;6. For lines of any slope, and plenty of other shapes,
+see <code>pict2e</code> and many other packages on CTAN.
</p>
<hr>
@@ -3151,7 +3394,7 @@ see the <code>curve2e</code> and many many other packages on CTAN.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cthicklines" accesskey="n" rel="next">\thicklines</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cline" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\line</a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up">picture</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005clinethickness-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">9.19.7 <code>\linethickness</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">8.19.7 <code>\linethickness</code></h4>
<a name="index-_005clinethickness"></a>
<p>The <code>\linethickness{<var>dim</var>}</code> command declares the thickness
@@ -3169,7 +3412,7 @@ circles, or the quarter circles drawn by <code>\oval</code>.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cthinlines" accesskey="n" rel="next">\thinlines</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005clinethickness" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\linethickness</a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up">picture</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cthicklines-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">9.19.8 <code>\thicklines</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">8.19.8 <code>\thicklines</code></h4>
<a name="index-_005cthicklines"></a>
<p>The <code>\thicklines</code> command is an alternate line thickness for
@@ -3184,7 +3427,7 @@ cf.&nbsp;<a href="#g_t_005clinethickness">\linethickness</a> and <a href="#g_t_0
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cmultiput" accesskey="n" rel="next">\multiput</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cthicklines" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\thicklines</a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up">picture</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cthinlines-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">9.19.9 <code>\thinlines</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">8.19.9 <code>\thinlines</code></h4>
<a name="index-_005cthinlines"></a>
<p>The <code>\thinlines</code> command is the default line thickness for
@@ -3199,7 +3442,7 @@ cf.&nbsp;<a href="#g_t_005clinethickness">\linethickness</a> and <a href="#g_t_0
Next: <a href="#g_t_005coval" accesskey="n" rel="next">\oval</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cthinlines" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\thinlines</a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up">picture</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cmultiput-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">9.19.10 <code>\multiput</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">8.19.10 <code>\multiput</code></h4>
<a name="index-_005cmultiput"></a>
<p>Synopsis:
@@ -3220,7 +3463,7 @@ pattern across a picture. <var>obj</var> is first placed at position
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cput" accesskey="n" rel="next">\put</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cmultiput" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\multiput</a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up">picture</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005coval-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">9.19.11 <code>\oval</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">8.19.11 <code>\oval</code></h4>
<a name="index-_005coval"></a>
<p>Synopsis:
@@ -3260,14 +3503,18 @@ boxes with rounded corners.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cshortstack" accesskey="n" rel="next">\shortstack</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005coval" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\oval</a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up">picture</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cput-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">9.19.12 <code>\put</code></h4>
-
+<h4 class="subsection">8.19.12 <code>\put</code></h4>
<a name="index-_005cput"></a>
-<p><code>\put(x coord,y coord){ ... }</code>
+<p>Synopsis:
</p>
-<p>The <code>\put</code> command places the item specified by the mandatory
-argument at the given coordinates.
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\put(<var>xcoord</var>,<var>ycoord</var>){ ... }
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The <code>\put</code> command places the material specified by the
+(mandatory) argument in braces at the given coordinate,
+(<var>xcoord</var>,<var>ycoord</var>).
</p>
<hr>
@@ -3277,7 +3524,7 @@ argument at the given coordinates.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cvector" accesskey="n" rel="next">\vector</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cput" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\put</a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up">picture</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cshortstack-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">9.19.13 <code>\shortstack</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">8.19.13 <code>\shortstack</code></h4>
<a name="index-_005cshortstack"></a>
<p>Synopsis:
@@ -3312,18 +3559,18 @@ positions are:
Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cshortstack" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\shortstack</a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up">picture</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cvector-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">9.19.14 <code>\vector</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">8.19.14 <code>\vector</code></h4>
<a name="index-_005cvector"></a>
<p>Synopsis:
</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\vector(<var>x-slope</var>,<var>y-slope</var>){<var>length</var>}
+<pre class="example">\vector(<var>xslope</var>,<var>yslope</var>){<var>length</var>}
</pre></div>
<p>The <code>\vector</code> command draws a line with an arrow of the specified
-length and slope. The <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> values must lie between
--4 and +4, inclusive.
+length and slope. The <em><var>xslope</var></em> and <em><var>yslope</var></em>
+values must lie between -4 and +4, inclusive.
</p>
<hr>
@@ -3333,7 +3580,7 @@ length and slope. The <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> values must lie between
Next: <a href="#quote" accesskey="n" rel="next">quote</a>, Previous: <a href="#picture" accesskey="p" rel="prev">picture</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="quotation-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.20 <code>quotation</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">8.20 <code>quotation</code></h3>
<a name="index-quotation"></a>
<a name="index-quoted-text-with-paragraph-indentation_002c-displaying"></a>
@@ -3363,14 +3610,14 @@ normally.
Next: <a href="#tabbing" accesskey="n" rel="next">tabbing</a>, Previous: <a href="#quotation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">quotation</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="quote-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.21 <code>quote</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">8.21 <code>quote</code></h3>
<a name="index-quote"></a>
<a name="index-quoted-text-without-paragraph-indentation_002c-displaying"></a>
<a name="index-displaying-quoted-text-without-paragraph-indentation"></a>
<a name="index-paragraph-indentations-in-quoted-text_002c-omitting"></a>
-<p>Snyopsis:
+<p>Synopsis:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">\begin{quote}
@@ -3392,7 +3639,7 @@ blank line between text produces a new paragraph.
Next: <a href="#table" accesskey="n" rel="next">table</a>, Previous: <a href="#quote" accesskey="p" rel="prev">quote</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="tabbing-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.22 <code>tabbing</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">8.22 <code>tabbing</code></h3>
<a name="index-tabbing-environment"></a>
<a name="index-tab-stops_002c-using"></a>
@@ -3417,7 +3664,7 @@ the width of each column is constant and known in advance.
<p>This environment can be broken across pages, unlike the <code>tabular</code>
environment.
</p>
-<p>The following commands can be used inside a <code>tabbing</code> enviroment:
+<p>The following commands can be used inside a <code>tabbing</code> environment:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>\\ <span class="roman">(tabbing)</span></code>
@@ -3547,7 +3794,7 @@ function \= fact(n : integer) : integer;\\
Next: <a href="#tabular" accesskey="n" rel="next">tabular</a>, Previous: <a href="#tabbing" accesskey="p" rel="prev">tabbing</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="table-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.23 <code>table</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">8.23 <code>table</code></h3>
<a name="index-table"></a>
<a name="index-tables_002c-creating"></a>
@@ -3587,7 +3834,7 @@ you wish. The <code>\caption</code> command allows you to title your table.
Next: <a href="#thebibliography" accesskey="n" rel="next">thebibliography</a>, Previous: <a href="#table" accesskey="p" rel="prev">table</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="tabular-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.24 <code>tabular</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">8.24 <code>tabular</code></h3>
<a name="index-tabular-environment"></a>
<a name="index-lines-in-tables"></a>
<a name="index-lining-text-up-in-tables"></a>
@@ -3762,7 +4009,7 @@ environment:
Next: <a href="#g_t_005ccline" accesskey="n" rel="next">\cline</a>, Up: <a href="#tabular" accesskey="u" rel="up">tabular</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cmulticolumn-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">9.24.1 <code>\multicolumn</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">8.24.1 <code>\multicolumn</code></h4>
<a name="index-_005cmulticolumn"></a>
<p>Synopsis:
@@ -3797,7 +4044,7 @@ for flushleft, <code>r</code> for flushright. The third mandatory argument,
Next: <a href="#g_t_005chline" accesskey="n" rel="next">\hline</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cmulticolumn" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\multicolumn</a>, Up: <a href="#tabular" accesskey="u" rel="up">tabular</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005ccline-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">9.24.2 <code>\cline</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">8.24.2 <code>\cline</code></h4>
<a name="index-_005ccline"></a>
<p>Synopsis:
@@ -3818,7 +4065,7 @@ which are specified in the mandatory argument.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cvline" accesskey="n" rel="next">\vline</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005ccline" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\cline</a>, Up: <a href="#tabular" accesskey="u" rel="up">tabular</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005chline-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">9.24.3 <code>\hline</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">8.24.3 <code>\hline</code></h4>
<a name="index-_005chline"></a>
<p>The <code>\hline</code> command draws a horizontal line the width of the
@@ -3834,7 +4081,7 @@ of a table.
Previous: <a href="#g_t_005chline" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\hline</a>, Up: <a href="#tabular" accesskey="u" rel="up">tabular</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cvline-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">9.24.4 <code>\vline</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">8.24.4 <code>\vline</code></h4>
<a name="index-_005cvline"></a>
<p>The <code>\vline</code> command will draw a vertical line extending the full
@@ -3850,7 +4097,7 @@ move the line to the edge of the column. It can also be used in an
Next: <a href="#theorem" accesskey="n" rel="next">theorem</a>, Previous: <a href="#tabular" accesskey="p" rel="prev">tabular</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="thebibliography-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.25 <code>thebibliography</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">8.25 <code>thebibliography</code></h3>
<a name="index-thebibliography"></a>
<a name="index-bibliography_002c-creating-_0028manually_0029"></a>
@@ -3901,7 +4148,7 @@ less than 10 references, <code>99</code> for ones with less than 100, etc.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005ccite" accesskey="n" rel="next">\cite</a>, Up: <a href="#thebibliography" accesskey="u" rel="up">thebibliography</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cbibitem-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">9.25.1 <code>\bibitem</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">8.25.1 <code>\bibitem</code></h4>
<a name="index-_005cbibitem"></a>
@@ -3931,7 +4178,7 @@ associated label.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnocite" accesskey="n" rel="next">\nocite</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cbibitem" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\bibitem</a>, Up: <a href="#thebibliography" accesskey="u" rel="up">thebibliography</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005ccite-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">9.25.2 <code>\cite</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">8.25.2 <code>\cite</code></h4>
<a name="index-_005ccite"></a>
@@ -3958,7 +4205,7 @@ citation. For example, <code>\cite[p.~314]{knuth}</code> might produce
Next: <a href="#Using-BibTeX" accesskey="n" rel="next">Using BibTeX</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005ccite" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\cite</a>, Up: <a href="#thebibliography" accesskey="u" rel="up">thebibliography</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cnocite-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">9.25.3 <code>\nocite</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">8.25.3 <code>\nocite</code></h4>
<a name="index-_005cnocite"></a>
<p><code>\nocite{key_list}</code>
@@ -3974,7 +4221,7 @@ which is a list of one or more citation keys, on the <samp>.aux</samp> file.
Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnocite" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\nocite</a>, Up: <a href="#thebibliography" accesskey="u" rel="up">thebibliography</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Using-BibTeX-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">9.25.4 Using BibTeX</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">8.25.4 Using BibTeX</h4>
<a name="index-using-BibTeX"></a>
<a name="index-bibTeX_002c-using"></a>
@@ -4017,7 +4264,7 @@ publication.
<p>In addition, numerous other BibTeX style files exist tailored to
the demands of various publications. See
-<a href="http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/biblio/bibtex/contrib">http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/biblio/bibtex/contrib</a>.
+<a href="http://mirror.ctan.org/biblio/bibtex/contrib">http://mirror.ctan.org/biblio/bibtex/contrib</a>.
</p>
<p>The <code>\bibliography</code> command is what actually produces the
bibliography. The argument to <code>\bibliography</code> refers to files
@@ -4033,7 +4280,7 @@ BibTeX format. Only the entries referred to via <code>\cite</code> and
Next: <a href="#titlepage" accesskey="n" rel="next">titlepage</a>, Previous: <a href="#thebibliography" accesskey="p" rel="prev">thebibliography</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="theorem-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.26 <code>theorem</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">8.26 <code>theorem</code></h3>
<a name="index-theorem-environment"></a>
<a name="index-theorems_002c-typesetting"></a>
@@ -4059,7 +4306,7 @@ possibilities for <var>n</var> are described under <code>\newtheorem</code>
Next: <a href="#verbatim" accesskey="n" rel="next">verbatim</a>, Previous: <a href="#theorem" accesskey="p" rel="prev">theorem</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="titlepage-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.27 <code>titlepage</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">8.27 <code>titlepage</code></h3>
<a name="index-titlepage-environment"></a>
<a name="index-making-a-title-page"></a>
@@ -4090,7 +4337,7 @@ produce a standard title page without a <code>titlepage</code> environment.
Next: <a href="#verse" accesskey="n" rel="next">verse</a>, Previous: <a href="#titlepage" accesskey="p" rel="prev">titlepage</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="verbatim-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.28 <code>verbatim</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">8.28 <code>verbatim</code></h3>
<a name="index-verbatim-environment"></a>
<a name="index-verbatim-text"></a>
@@ -4127,7 +4374,7 @@ effect that they would on a typewriter.
Up: <a href="#verbatim" accesskey="u" rel="up">verbatim</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cverb-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">9.28.1 <code>\verb</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">8.28.1 <code>\verb</code></h4>
<a name="index-_005cverb"></a>
<a name="index-verbatim-text_002c-inline"></a>
@@ -4157,7 +4404,7 @@ verbatim text. The delimiter must not appear in <var>literal-text</var>.
Previous: <a href="#verbatim" accesskey="p" rel="prev">verbatim</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="verse-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">9.29 <code>verse</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">8.29 <code>verse</code></h3>
<a name="index-verse-environment"></a>
<a name="index-poetry_002c-an-environment-for"></a>
@@ -4189,7 +4436,7 @@ stanzas.
Next: <a href="#Page-breaking" accesskey="n" rel="next">Page breaking</a>, Previous: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Environments</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Line-breaking-1"></a>
-<h2 class="chapter">10 Line breaking</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter">9 Line breaking</h2>
<a name="index-line-breaking"></a>
<a name="index-breaking-lines"></a>
@@ -4229,7 +4476,7 @@ some environments, you do the line breaking yourself with the
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr" accesskey="n" rel="next">\obeycr &amp; \restorecr</a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005c_005c_005b_002a_005d_005bmorespace_005d"></a>
-<h3 class="section">10.1 <code>\\</code>[*][<var>morespace</var>]</h3>
+<h3 class="section">9.1 <code>\\</code>[*][<var>morespace</var>]</h3>
<a name="index-_005c_005c-force-line-break"></a>
<a name="index-new-line_002c-starting"></a>
<a name="index-line-break_002c-forcing"></a>
@@ -4250,7 +4497,7 @@ except that it tells LaTeX not to start a new page after the line.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnewline" accesskey="n" rel="next">\newline</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005c_005c" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\\</a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">10.2 <code>\obeycr</code> &amp; <code>\restorecr</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">9.2 <code>\obeycr</code> &amp; <code>\restorecr</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cobeycr"></a>
<a name="index-_005crestorecr"></a>
<a name="index-new-line_002c-output-as-input"></a>
@@ -4270,7 +4517,7 @@ in the output.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">\- (hyphenation)</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\obeycr &amp; \restorecr</a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cnewline-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">10.3 <code>\newline</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">9.3 <code>\newline</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cnewline"></a>
<a name="index-new-line_002c-starting-_0028paragraph-mode_0029"></a>
@@ -4286,13 +4533,13 @@ mode.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cfussy" accesskey="n" rel="next">\fussy</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnewline" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\newline</a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005c_002d-_0028discretionary-hyphen_0029"></a>
-<h3 class="section">10.4 <code>\-</code> (discretionary hyphen)</h3>
+<h3 class="section">9.4 <code>\-</code> (discretionary hyphen)</h3>
<a name="index-_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029"></a>
<a name="index-hyphenation_002c-forcing"></a>
<p>The <code>\-</code> command tells LaTeX that it may hyphenate the word at
-that point. LaTeX is very good at hyphenating, and it will usually
-find most of the correct hyphenation points, and almost never use an
+that point. LaTeX is pretty good at hyphenating, and usually finds
+most of the correct hyphenation points, while almost never using an
incorrect one. The <code>\-</code> command is used for the exceptional
cases.
</p>
@@ -4309,7 +4556,7 @@ that LaTeX might otherwise have chosen.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005csloppy" accesskey="n" rel="next">\sloppy</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\- (hyphenation)</a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cfussy-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">10.5 <code>\fussy</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">9.5 <code>\fussy</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cfussy"></a>
<p>The declaration <code>\fussy</code> (which is the default) makes TeX
@@ -4327,7 +4574,7 @@ words, at the cost of an occasional overfull box.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005chyphenation" accesskey="n" rel="next">\hyphenation</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfussy" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\fussy</a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005csloppy-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">10.6 <code>\sloppy</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">9.6 <code>\sloppy</code></h3>
<p>The declaration <code>\sloppy</code> makes TeX less fussy about line
breaking. This will avoid overfull boxes, at the cost of loose
@@ -4343,7 +4590,7 @@ interword spacing.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak" accesskey="n" rel="next">\linebreak &amp; \nolinebreak</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csloppy" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\sloppy</a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005chyphenation-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">10.7 <code>\hyphenation</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">9.7 <code>\hyphenation</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005chyphenation"></a>
<a name="index-hyphenation_002c-defining"></a>
@@ -4372,7 +4619,7 @@ misses the hyphenations in these words):
Previous: <a href="#g_t_005chyphenation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\hyphenation</a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">10.8 <code>\linebreak</code> &amp; <code>\nolinebreak</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">9.8 <code>\linebreak</code> &amp; <code>\nolinebreak</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005clinebreak"></a>
<a name="index-_005cnolinebreak"></a>
<a name="index-line-breaks_002c-forcing"></a>
@@ -4402,7 +4649,7 @@ from a demand to a request. The <var>priority</var> must be a number from
Next: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Footnotes</a>, Previous: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Line breaking</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Page-breaking-1"></a>
-<h2 class="chapter">11 Page breaking</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter">10 Page breaking</h2>
<a name="index-page-breaking"></a>
<a name="index-breaking-pages"></a>
@@ -4431,7 +4678,7 @@ but sometimes you may want to influence the breaks.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cclearpage" accesskey="n" rel="next">\clearpage</a>, Up: <a href="#Page-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Page breaking</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005ccleardoublepage-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">11.1 <code>\cleardoublepage</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">10.1 <code>\cleardoublepage</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005ccleardoublepage"></a>
<a name="index-starting-on-a-right_002dhand-page"></a>
@@ -4449,7 +4696,7 @@ In a two-sided printing style, it also makes the next page a right-hand
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnewpage" accesskey="n" rel="next">\newpage</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005ccleardoublepage" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\cleardoublepage</a>, Up: <a href="#Page-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Page breaking</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cclearpage-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">11.2 <code>\clearpage</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">10.2 <code>\clearpage</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cclearpage"></a>
<a name="index-flushing-floats-and-starting-a-page"></a>
<a name="index-starting-a-new-page-and-clearing-floats"></a>
@@ -4465,7 +4712,7 @@ figures and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cenlargethispage" accesskey="n" rel="next">\enlargethispage</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cclearpage" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\clearpage</a>, Up: <a href="#Page-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Page breaking</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cnewpage-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">11.3 <code>\newpage</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">10.3 <code>\newpage</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cnewpage"></a>
<a name="index-new-page_002c-starting"></a>
<a name="index-starting-a-new-page"></a>
@@ -4481,7 +4728,7 @@ floats (see <code>\clearpage</code> above).
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak" accesskey="n" rel="next">\pagebreak &amp; \nopagebreak</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnewpage" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\newpage</a>, Up: <a href="#Page-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Page breaking</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cenlargethispage-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">11.4 <code>\enlargethispage</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">10.4 <code>\enlargethispage</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cenlargethispage"></a>
<a name="index-enlarge-current-page"></a>
@@ -4505,7 +4752,7 @@ much as possible. This is normally used together with an explicit
Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cenlargethispage" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\enlargethispage</a>, Up: <a href="#Page-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Page breaking</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">11.5 <code>\pagebreak</code> &amp; <code>\nopagebreak</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">10.5 <code>\pagebreak</code> &amp; <code>\nopagebreak</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cpagebreak"></a>
<a name="index-_005cnopagebreak"></a>
<a name="index-page-break_002c-forcing"></a>
@@ -4536,7 +4783,7 @@ insistent the request is.
Next: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="n" rel="next">Definitions</a>, Previous: <a href="#Page-breaking" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Page breaking</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Footnotes-1"></a>
-<h2 class="chapter">12 Footnotes</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter">11 Footnotes</h2>
<a name="index-footnotes_002c-creating"></a>
<p>Footnotes can be produced in one of two ways. They can be produced
@@ -4565,7 +4812,7 @@ produced with two commands, the <code>\footnotemark</code> and the
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark" accesskey="n" rel="next">\footnotemark</a>, Up: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Footnotes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cfootnote-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">12.1 <code>\footnote</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">11.1 <code>\footnote</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cfootnote"></a>
<p>Synopsis:
@@ -4590,7 +4837,7 @@ tables or in a <code>tabular</code> environment. (See following sections.)
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cfootnotetext" accesskey="n" rel="next">\footnotetext</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfootnote" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\footnote</a>, Up: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Footnotes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cfootnotemark-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">12.2 <code>\footnotemark</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">11.2 <code>\footnotemark</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cfootnotemark"></a>
<p>With no optional argument, the <code>\footnotemark</code> command puts the
@@ -4615,7 +4862,7 @@ markers referring to the same footnote with
Next: <a href="#Symbolic-footnotes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Symbolic footnotes</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\footnotemark</a>, Up: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Footnotes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cfootnotetext-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">12.3 <code>\footnotetext</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">11.3 <code>\footnotetext</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cfootnotetext"></a>
<p>Synopsis:
@@ -4639,7 +4886,7 @@ appear in outer paragraph mode.
Next: <a href="#Footnote-parameters" accesskey="n" rel="next">Footnote parameters</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfootnotetext" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\footnotetext</a>, Up: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Footnotes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Symbolic-footnotes-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">12.4 Symbolic footnotes</h3>
+<h3 class="section">11.4 Symbolic footnotes</h3>
<a name="index-footnotes_002c-symbolic-instead-of-numbered"></a>
<p>If you want to use symbols for footnotes, rather than increasing
@@ -4664,7 +4911,7 @@ redefine <code>\@fnsymbol</code>.
Previous: <a href="#Symbolic-footnotes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Symbolic footnotes</a>, Up: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Footnotes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Footnote-parameters-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">12.5 Footnote parameters</h3>
+<h3 class="section">11.5 Footnote parameters</h3>
<a name="index-footnote-parameters"></a>
<a name="index-parameters_002c-for-footnotes"></a>
@@ -4676,7 +4923,7 @@ Previous: <a href="#Symbolic-footnotes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Symbolic footno
<dd><p>Produces the rule separating the main text on a page from the page&rsquo;s
footnotes. Default dimensions: <code>0.4pt</code> thick (or wide), and
<code>0.4\columnwidth</code> long in the standard document classes (except
-slides, where it does not appear).
+<code>slides</code>, where it does not appear).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>\footnotesep</code>
@@ -4699,7 +4946,7 @@ footnotes. This is &lsquo;<samp>6.65pt</samp>&rsquo; for &lsquo;<samp>10pt</sam
Next: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="n" rel="next">Counters</a>, Previous: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Footnotes</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Definitions-1"></a>
-<h2 class="chapter">13 Definitions</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter">12 Definitions</h2>
<a name="index-definitions"></a>
<p>LaTeX has support for making new commands of many different kinds.
@@ -4716,7 +4963,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="n" rel="next">Counters</a>, Previous: <a hr
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment" accesskey="5">\newenvironment &amp; \renewenvironment</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Define a new environment.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem" accesskey="6">\newtheorem</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Define a new theorem-like environment.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem" accesskey="6">\newtheorem</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Define a new <code>theorem</code>-like environment.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005cnewfont" accesskey="7">\newfont</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Define a new font name.
</td></tr>
@@ -4732,7 +4979,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="n" rel="next">Counters</a>, Previous: <a hr
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnewcounter" accesskey="n" rel="next">\newcounter</a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">13.1 <code>\newcommand</code> &amp; <code>\renewcommand</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">12.1 <code>\newcommand</code> &amp; <code>\renewcommand</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cnewcommand"></a>
<a name="index-commands_002c-defining-new-ones"></a>
<a name="index-defining-a-new-command"></a>
@@ -4742,8 +4989,8 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnewcounter" accesskey="n" rel="next">\newcounter</a>, Up
command, respectively. Synopses:
</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example"> \newcommand[*]{<var>cmd</var>}[<var>nargs</var>][<var>optarg</var>]{<var>defn</var>}
-\renewcommand[*]{<var>cmd</var>}[<var>nargs</var>][<var>optarg</var>]{<var>defn</var>}
+<pre class="example"> \newcommand[*]{<var>cmd</var>}[<var>nargs</var>][<var>optargval</var>]{<var>defn</var>}
+\renewcommand[*]{<var>cmd</var>}[<var>nargs</var>][<var>optargval</var>]{<var>defn</var>}
</pre></div>
<dl compact="compact">
@@ -4754,7 +5001,7 @@ multiple paragraphs of text (not <code>\long</code>, in plain TeX terms).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>cmd</var></dt>
-<dd><p>The command name beginning with <code>\</code>. For <code>\newcommand</code>, it
+<dd><p>The command name, beginning with <code>\</code>. For <code>\newcommand</code>, it
must not be already defined and must not begin with <code>\end</code>; for
<code>\renewcommand</code>, it must already be defined.
</p>
@@ -4765,12 +5012,14 @@ that the command will take. The default is for the command to have no
arguments.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt><var>optarg</var></dt>
-<dd><p>If this optional parameter is present, it means that the command&rsquo;s
-first argument is optional. The default value of the optional
-argument (i.e., if it is not specified in the call) is <var>optarg</var>,
-or, if that argument is present in the <code>\newcommand</code> but has an
-empty value, the string &lsquo;<samp>def</samp>&rsquo;.
+<dt><var>optargval</var></dt>
+<dd><p>If this optional parameter is present, it means that the first
+argument of command <var>cmd</var> is optional and its default value (i.e.,
+if it is not specified in the call) is <var>optarg</var>. In otherwise,
+when calling the macro, if no <code>[<var>value</var>]</code> is given after
+<code><var>cmd</var></code>&mdash;which is different from having <code>[]</code> for an
+empty <var>value</var>&mdash;then string &lsquo;<samp><var>optargval</var></samp>&rsquo; becomes the
+value of <code>#1</code> within <var>defn</var> when the macro is expanded.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>defn</var></dt>
@@ -4789,21 +5038,21 @@ text of the <var>n</var>th argument.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnewlength" accesskey="n" rel="next">\newlength</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cnewcounter-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">13.2 <code>\newcounter</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">12.2 <code>\newcounter</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cnewcounter"></a>
<a name="index-counters_002c-defining-new"></a>
<p>Synopsis:
</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\newcounter{<var>cnt</var>}[<var>countername</var>]
+<pre class="example">\newcounter{<var>countername</var>}[<var>supercounter</var>]
</pre></div>
-<p>The <code>\newcounter</code> command defines a new counter named <var>cnt</var>.
+<p>The <code>\newcounter</code> command defines a new counter named <var>countername</var>.
The new counter is initialized to zero.
</p>
-<p>Given the optional argument <code>[<var>countername</var>]</code>, <var>cnt</var>
-will be reset whenever <var>countername</var> is incremented.
+<p>Given the optional argument <code>[<var>super</var>]</code>, <var>countername</var>
+will be reset whenever the counter named <var>supercounter</var> is incremented.
</p>
<p>See <a href="#Counters">Counters</a>, for more information about counters.
</p>
@@ -4815,7 +5064,7 @@ will be reset whenever <var>countername</var> is incremented.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnewsavebox" accesskey="n" rel="next">\newsavebox</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnewcounter" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\newcounter</a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cnewlength-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">13.3 <code>\newlength</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">12.3 <code>\newlength</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cnewlength"></a>
<a name="index-lengths_002c-defining-new"></a>
@@ -4826,7 +5075,7 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnewsavebox" accesskey="n" rel="next">\newsavebox</a>, Pr
</pre></div>
<p>The <code>\newlength</code> command defines the mandatory argument as a
-<code>length</code> command with a value of <code>0in</code>. The argument must
+<em>length</em> command with a value of zero. The argument must
be a control sequence, as in <code>\newlength{\foo}</code>. An error
occurs if <code>\foo</code> is already defined.
</p>
@@ -4841,7 +5090,7 @@ for more information about lengths in general.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment" accesskey="n" rel="next">\newenvironment &amp; \renewenvironment</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnewlength" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\newlength</a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cnewsavebox-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">13.4 <code>\newsavebox</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">12.4 <code>\newsavebox</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cnewsavebox"></a>
<p>Synopsis:
@@ -4861,7 +5110,7 @@ defined, to refer to a new bin for storing boxes.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem" accesskey="n" rel="next">\newtheorem</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnewsavebox" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\newsavebox</a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">13.5 <code>\newenvironment</code> &amp; <code>\renewenvironment</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">12.5 <code>\newenvironment</code> &amp; <code>\renewenvironment</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cnewenvironment"></a>
<a name="index-_005crenewenvironment"></a>
<a name="index-environments_002c-defining"></a>
@@ -4923,7 +5172,7 @@ may not contain any argument parameters.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnewfont" accesskey="n" rel="next">\newfont</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\newenvironment &amp; \renewenvironment</a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cnewtheorem-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">13.6 <code>\newtheorem</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">12.6 <code>\newtheorem</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cnewtheorem"></a>
<a name="index-theorems_002c-defining"></a>
<a name="index-defining-new-theorems"></a>
@@ -4970,7 +5219,7 @@ not both.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cprotect" accesskey="n" rel="next">\protect</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\newtheorem</a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cnewfont-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">13.7 <code>\newfont</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">12.7 <code>\newfont</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cnewfont"></a>
<a name="index-fonts_002c-new-commands-for"></a>
<a name="index-defining-new-fonts"></a>
@@ -4996,7 +5245,7 @@ More commonly, fonts are defined in families through <samp>.fd</samp> files.
Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnewfont" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\newfont</a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cprotect-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">13.8 <code>\protect</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">12.8 <code>\protect</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cprotect"></a>
<a name="index-fragile-commands"></a>
@@ -5032,7 +5281,7 @@ be preceded by <code>\protect</code>.
Next: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="n" rel="next">Lengths</a>, Previous: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Definitions</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Counters-1"></a>
-<h2 class="chapter">14 Counters</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter">13 Counters</h2>
<a name="index-counters_002c-a-list-of"></a>
<a name="index-variables_002c-a-list-of"></a>
@@ -5078,7 +5327,7 @@ subsubsection
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cusecounter" accesskey="n" rel="next">\usecounter</a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol_003a-Printing-counters"></a>
-<h3 class="section">14.1 <code>\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</code>: Printing counters</h3>
+<h3 class="section">13.1 <code>\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</code>: Printing counters</h3>
<p>All of these commands take a single counter as an argument, for
instance, <code>\alph{enumi}</code>.
@@ -5108,8 +5357,8 @@ instance, <code>\alph{enumi}</code>.
<dd><p>uses lowercase roman numerals: &lsquo;i&rsquo;, &lsquo;ii&rsquo;, <small class="enddots">...</small>
</p>
</dd>
-<dt><code>\roman</code>
-<a name="index-_005croman-1"></a>
+<dt><code>\Roman</code>
+<a name="index-_005cRoman"></a>
</dt>
<dd><p>uses uppercase roman numerals: &lsquo;I&rsquo;, &lsquo;II&rsquo;, <small class="enddots">...</small>
</p>
@@ -5121,10 +5370,12 @@ instance, <code>\alph{enumi}</code>.
symbols (conventionally used for labeling footnotes). The value of
<var>counter</var> must be between&nbsp;1 and&nbsp;9, inclusive.
</p>
-<p>The symbols mostly aren&rsquo;t supported in Info, but here are the names:
-</p><div class="display">
-<pre class="display">asterisk(*) dagger ddagger section-sign paragraph-sign parallel
-double-asterisk(**) double-dagger double-ddagger
+<p>Here are the symbols (as Unicode code points in ASCII output):
+</p>
+<div class="display">
+<pre class="display">asterisk(*) dagger(&#x2021;) ddagger(&#x2021;)
+section-sign(&#x00A7;) paragraph-sign(&#x00B6;) parallel(&#x2225;)
+double-asterisk(**) double-dagger(&#x2021;&#x2021;) double-ddagger(&#x2021;&#x2021;)
</pre></div>
</dd>
@@ -5138,7 +5389,7 @@ double-asterisk(**) double-dagger double-ddagger
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cvalue" accesskey="n" rel="next">\value</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cusecounter_007bcounter_007d"></a>
-<h3 class="section">14.2 <code>\usecounter{<var>counter</var>}</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">13.2 <code>\usecounter{<var>counter</var>}</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cusecounter"></a>
<a name="index-list-items_002c-specifying-counter"></a>
<a name="index-numbered-items_002c-specifying-counter"></a>
@@ -5161,7 +5412,7 @@ the list items.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005csetcounter" accesskey="n" rel="next">\setcounter</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cusecounter" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\usecounter</a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cvalue_007bcounter_007d"></a>
-<h3 class="section">14.3 <code>\value{<var>counter</var>}</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">13.3 <code>\value{<var>counter</var>}</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cvalue"></a>
<a name="index-counters_002c-getting-value-of"></a>
@@ -5188,7 +5439,7 @@ be used anywhere LaTeX expects a number, for example:
Next: <a href="#g_t_005caddtocounter" accesskey="n" rel="next">\addtocounter</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cvalue" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\value</a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005csetcounter_007bcounter_007d_007bvalue_007d"></a>
-<h3 class="section">14.4 <code>\setcounter{<var>counter</var>}{<var>value</var>}</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">13.4 <code>\setcounter{<var>counter</var>}{<var>value</var>}</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005csetcounter"></a>
<a name="index-counters_002c-setting"></a>
<a name="index-setting-counters"></a>
@@ -5196,10 +5447,10 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005caddtocounter" accesskey="n" rel="next">\addtocounter</a>
<p>Synopsis:
</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">\setcounter{<var>\counter</var>}{<var>value</var>}
+<pre class="example">\setcounter{<var>counter</var>}{<var>value</var>}
</pre></div>
-<p>The <code>\setcounter</code> command sets the value of <var>\counter</var> to the
+<p>The <code>\setcounter</code> command sets the value of <var>counter</var> to the
<var>value</var> argument.
</p>
@@ -5210,7 +5461,7 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005caddtocounter" accesskey="n" rel="next">\addtocounter</a>
Next: <a href="#g_t_005crefstepcounter" accesskey="n" rel="next">\refstepcounter</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csetcounter" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\setcounter</a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005caddtocounter_007bcounter_007d_007bvalue_007d"></a>
-<h3 class="section">14.5 <code>\addtocounter{<var>counter</var>}{<var>value</var>}</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">13.5 <code>\addtocounter{<var>counter</var>}{<var>value</var>}</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005caddtocounter"></a>
<p>The <code>\addtocounter</code> command increments <var>counter</var> by the
@@ -5224,7 +5475,7 @@ amount specified by the <var>value</var> argument, which may be negative.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cstepcounter" accesskey="n" rel="next">\stepcounter</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005caddtocounter" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\addtocounter</a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005crefstepcounter_007bcounter_007d"></a>
-<h3 class="section">14.6 <code>\refstepcounter{<var>counter</var>}</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">13.6 <code>\refstepcounter{<var>counter</var>}</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005crefstepcounter"></a>
<p>The <code>\refstepcounter</code> command works in the same way as
@@ -5239,7 +5490,7 @@ current <code>\ref</code> value to be the result of <code>\thecounter</code>.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cday-_005cmonth-_005cyear" accesskey="n" rel="next">\day \month \year</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005crefstepcounter" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\refstepcounter</a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cstepcounter_007bcounter_007d"></a>
-<h3 class="section">14.7 <code>\stepcounter{<var>counter</var>}</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">13.7 <code>\stepcounter{<var>counter</var>}</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cstepcounter"></a>
<p>The <code>\stepcounter</code> command adds one to <var>counter</var> and
@@ -5253,7 +5504,7 @@ resets all subsidiary counters.
Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cstepcounter" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\stepcounter</a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cday-_005cmonth-_005cyear_003a-Predefined-counters"></a>
-<h3 class="section">14.8 <code>\day \month \year</code>: Predefined counters</h3>
+<h3 class="section">13.8 <code>\day \month \year</code>: Predefined counters</h3>
<a name="index-_005cday"></a>
<a name="index-_005cmonth"></a>
<a name="index-_005cyear"></a>
@@ -5275,7 +5526,7 @@ current day (see <a href="#g_t_005ctoday">\today</a>).
Next: <a href="#Making-paragraphs" accesskey="n" rel="next">Making paragraphs</a>, Previous: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Counters</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Lengths-1"></a>
-<h2 class="chapter">15 Lengths</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter">14 Lengths</h2>
<a name="index-lengths_002c-defining-and-using"></a>
<p>A <code>length</code> is a measure of distance. Many LaTeX commands take a
@@ -5304,7 +5555,7 @@ length as an argument.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005caddtolength" accesskey="n" rel="next">\addtolength</a>, Up: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="u" rel="up">Lengths</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005csetlength_007b_005clen_007d_007bvalue_007d"></a>
-<h3 class="section">15.1 <code>\setlength{\<var>len</var>}{<var>value</var>}</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">14.1 <code>\setlength{\<var>len</var>}{<var>value</var>}</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005csetlength"></a>
<a name="index-lengths_002c-setting"></a>
@@ -5321,7 +5572,7 @@ understands, i.e., inches (<code>in</code>), millimeters (<code>mm</code>), poin
Next: <a href="#g_t_005csettodepth" accesskey="n" rel="next">\settodepth</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csetlength" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\setlength</a>, Up: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="u" rel="up">Lengths</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005caddtolength_007b_005clen_007d_007bamount_007d"></a>
-<h3 class="section">15.2 \addtolength{<var>\len</var>}{<var>amount</var>}</h3>
+<h3 class="section">14.2 \addtolength{<var>\len</var>}{<var>amount</var>}</h3>
<a name="index-_005caddtolength"></a>
<a name="index-lengths_002c-adding-to"></a>
@@ -5337,7 +5588,7 @@ may be negative.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005csettoheight" accesskey="n" rel="next">\settoheight</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005caddtolength" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\addtolength</a>, Up: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="u" rel="up">Lengths</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005csettodepth-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">15.3 <code>\settodepth</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">14.3 <code>\settodepth</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005csettodepth"></a>
<p><code>\settodepth{\gnat}{text}</code>
@@ -5353,7 +5604,7 @@ equal to the depth of the <code>text</code> argument.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005csettowidth" accesskey="n" rel="next">\settowidth</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csettodepth" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\settodepth</a>, Up: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="u" rel="up">Lengths</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005csettoheight-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">15.4 <code>\settoheight</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">14.4 <code>\settoheight</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005csettoheight"></a>
<p><code>\settoheight{\gnat}{text}</code>
@@ -5370,7 +5621,7 @@ equal to the height of the <code>text</code> argument.
Next: <a href="#Predefined-lengths" accesskey="n" rel="next">Predefined lengths</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csettoheight" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\settoheight</a>, Up: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="u" rel="up">Lengths</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005csettowidth_007b_005clen_007d_007btext_007d"></a>
-<h3 class="section">15.5 <code>\settowidth{\<var>len</var>}{<var>text</var>}</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">14.5 <code>\settowidth{\<var>len</var>}{<var>text</var>}</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005csettowidth"></a>
<p>The <code>\settowidth</code> command sets the value of the command <var>\len</var>
@@ -5384,7 +5635,7 @@ to the width of the <var>text</var> argument.
Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csettowidth" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\settowidth</a>, Up: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="u" rel="up">Lengths</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Predefined-lengths-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">15.6 Predefined lengths</h3>
+<h3 class="section">14.6 Predefined lengths</h3>
<a name="index-lengths_002c-predefined"></a>
<a name="index-predefined-lengths"></a>
@@ -5416,7 +5667,7 @@ natural size, e.g., say
Next: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="n" rel="next">Math formulas</a>, Previous: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Lengths</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Making-paragraphs-1"></a>
-<h2 class="chapter">16 Making paragraphs</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter">15 Making paragraphs</h2>
<a name="index-making-paragraphs"></a>
<a name="index-paragraphs"></a>
@@ -5444,7 +5695,7 @@ a sectioning command.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnoindent" accesskey="n" rel="next">\noindent</a>, Up: <a href="#Making-paragraphs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Making paragraphs</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cindent-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">16.1 <code>\indent</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">15.1 <code>\indent</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cindent"></a>
<a name="index-_005cparindent-1"></a>
<a name="index-indent_002c-forcing"></a>
@@ -5466,7 +5717,7 @@ mode, otherwise <code>15pt</code> for <code>10pt</code> documents, <code>17pt</c
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cparskip" accesskey="n" rel="next">\parskip</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cindent" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\indent</a>, Up: <a href="#Making-paragraphs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Making paragraphs</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cnoindent-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">16.2 <code>\noindent</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">15.2 <code>\noindent</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cnoindent"></a>
<a name="index-indent_002c-suppressing"></a>
@@ -5482,7 +5733,7 @@ the middle of a paragraph.
Next: <a href="#Marginal-notes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Marginal notes</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnoindent" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\noindent</a>, Up: <a href="#Making-paragraphs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Making paragraphs</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cparskip-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">16.3 <code>\parskip</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">15.3 <code>\parskip</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cparskip"></a>
<a name="index-vertical-space-before-paragraphs"></a>
@@ -5497,7 +5748,7 @@ before each paragraph. The default is <code>0pt plus1pt</code>.
Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cparskip" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\parskip</a>, Up: <a href="#Making-paragraphs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Making paragraphs</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Marginal-notes-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">16.4 Marginal notes</h3>
+<h3 class="section">15.4 Marginal notes</h3>
<a name="index-marginal-notes"></a>
<a name="index-notes-in-the-margin"></a>
<a name="index-remarks-in-the-margin"></a>
@@ -5573,7 +5824,7 @@ notes from falling off the bottom of the page.
Next: <a href="#Modes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Modes</a>, Previous: <a href="#Making-paragraphs" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Making paragraphs</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Math-formulas-1"></a>
-<h2 class="chapter">17 Math formulas</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter">16 Math formulas</h2>
<a name="index-math-formulas"></a>
<a name="index-formulas_002c-math"></a>
<a name="index-math-mode_002c-entering"></a>
@@ -5657,7 +5908,7 @@ below summations. For example
Next: <a href="#Math-symbols" accesskey="n" rel="next">Math symbols</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Subscripts-_0026-superscripts-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">17.1 Subscripts &amp; superscripts</h3>
+<h3 class="section">16.1 Subscripts &amp; superscripts</h3>
<a name="index-superscript"></a>
<a name="index-subscript"></a>
<a name="index-exponent"></a>
@@ -5679,7 +5930,7 @@ superscript.
Next: <a href="#Math-functions" accesskey="n" rel="next">Math functions</a>, Previous: <a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Subscripts &amp; superscripts</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Math-symbols-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">17.2 Math symbols</h3>
+<h3 class="section">16.2 Math symbols</h3>
<a name="index-math-symbols"></a>
<a name="index-symbols_002c-math"></a>
<a name="index-greek-letters"></a>
@@ -6946,7 +7197,7 @@ the pi symbol (<em>\pi</em>) in your output.
Next: <a href="#Math-accents" accesskey="n" rel="next">Math accents</a>, Previous: <a href="#Math-symbols" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Math symbols</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Math-functions-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">17.3 Math functions</h3>
+<h3 class="section">16.3 Math functions</h3>
<a name="index-math-functions"></a>
<a name="index-functions_002c-math"></a>
@@ -7143,7 +7394,7 @@ spacing.
<dt><code>\sup</code>
<a name="index-_005csup"></a>
</dt>
-<dd><p><em>\sup</em>
+<dd><p>sup
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>\tan</code>
@@ -7168,7 +7419,7 @@ spacing.
Next: <a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode" accesskey="n" rel="next">Spacing in math mode</a>, Previous: <a href="#Math-functions" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Math functions</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Math-accents-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">17.4 Math accents</h3>
+<h3 class="section">16.4 Math accents</h3>
<a name="index-math-accents"></a>
<a name="index-accents_002c-mathematical"></a>
@@ -7295,7 +7546,7 @@ in math. These are different from accents in normal text
Next: <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="n" rel="next">Math miscellany</a>, Previous: <a href="#Math-accents" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Math accents</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Spacing-in-math-mode-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">17.5 Spacing in math mode</h3>
+<h3 class="section">16.5 Spacing in math mode</h3>
<a name="index-spacing-within-math-mode"></a>
<a name="index-math-mode_002c-spacing"></a>
@@ -7332,7 +7583,7 @@ commands for use in math mode:
Previous: <a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Spacing in math mode</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Math-miscellany-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">17.6 Math miscellany</h3>
+<h3 class="section">16.6 Math miscellany</h3>
<a name="index-math-miscellany"></a>
<dl compact="compact">
@@ -7386,7 +7637,7 @@ For example, <em>\overbrace{x+\cdots+x}^{k \rm\;times}</em>.
<a name="index-_005coverline_007btext_007d"></a>
</dt>
<dd><p>Generates a horizontal line over <var>tex</var>.
-For exampe, <em>\overline{x+y}</em>.
+For example, <em>\overline{x+y}</em>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>\sqrt[<var>root</var>]{arg}</code>
@@ -7436,13 +7687,12 @@ descenders.
Next: <a href="#Page-styles" accesskey="n" rel="next">Page styles</a>, Previous: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Math formulas</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Modes-1"></a>
-<h2 class="chapter">18 Modes</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter">17 Modes</h2>
<a name="index-modes"></a>
<a name="index-paragraph-mode"></a>
<a name="index-math-mode"></a>
<a name="index-left_002dto_002dright-mode"></a>
-<a name="index-lR-mode"></a>
-
+<a name="index-LR-mode"></a>
<p>When LaTeX is processing your input text, it is always in one of three
modes:
@@ -7453,32 +7703,35 @@ modes:
</li><li> Left-to-right mode, called LR mode for short
</li></ul>
-<p>LaTeX changes mode only when it goes up or down a staircase to a
-different level, though not all level changes produce mode changes.
-Mode changes occur only when entering or leaving an environment, or when
+<p>Mode changes occur only when entering or leaving an environment, or when
LaTeX is processing the argument of certain text-producing commands.
</p>
-<p>&ldquo;Paragraph mode&rdquo; is the most common; it&rsquo;s the one LaTeX is in
-when processing ordinary text. In that mode, LaTeX breaks your
-text into lines and breaks the lines into pages. LaTeX is in
-&ldquo;math mode&rdquo; when it&rsquo;s generating a mathematical formula. In &ldquo;LR
-mode&rdquo;, as in paragraph mode, LaTeX considers the output that it
-produces to be a string of words with spaces between them. However,
-unlike paragraph mode, LaTeX keeps going from left to right; it
-never starts a new line in LR mode. Even if you put a hundred words
-into an <code>\mbox</code>, LaTeX would keep typesetting them from left
-to right inside a single box, and then complain because the resulting
-box was too wide to fit on the line.
-</p>
-<p>LaTeX is in LR mode when it starts making a box with an <code>\mbox</code>
-command. You can get it to enter a different mode inside the box - for
-example, you can make it enter math mode to put a formula in the box.
-There are also several text-producing commands and environments for
-making a box that put LaTeX in paragraph mode. The box make by one of
-these commands or environments will be called a <code>parbox</code>. When
-LaTeX is in paragraph mode while making a box, it is said to be in
-&ldquo;inner paragraph mode&rdquo;. Its normal paragraph mode, which it starts out
-in, is called &ldquo;outer paragraph mode&rdquo;.
+<p><em>Paragraph mode</em> is the most common; it&rsquo;s the one LaTeX is in
+when processing ordinary text. In this mode, LaTeX breaks the
+input text into lines and breaks the lines into pages.
+</p>
+<p>LaTeX is in <em>math mode</em> when it&rsquo;s generating a mathematical
+formula, either displayed math or within a line.
+</p>
+<a name="index-_005cmbox_002c-and-LR-mode"></a>
+<p>In <em>LR mode</em>, as in paragraph mode, LaTeX considers the output
+that it produces to be a string of words with spaces between them.
+However, unlike paragraph mode, LaTeX keeps going from left to
+right; it never starts a new line in LR mode. Even if you put a
+hundred words into an <code>\mbox</code>, LaTeX would keep typesetting
+them from left to right inside a single box (and then most likely
+complain because the resulting box was too wide to fit on the line).
+LaTeX is in LR mode when it starts making a box with an
+<code>\mbox</code> command. You can get it to enter a different mode inside
+the box&mdash;for example, you can make it enter math mode to put a
+formula in the box.
+</p>
+<p>There are also several text-producing commands and environments for
+making a box that put LaTeX into paragraph mode. The box made by
+one of these commands or environments will be called a <code>parbox</code>.
+When LaTeX is in paragraph mode while making a box, it is said to
+be in &ldquo;inner paragraph mode&rdquo; (no page breaks). Its normal paragraph
+mode, which it starts out in, is called &ldquo;outer paragraph mode&rdquo;.
</p>
<hr>
@@ -7488,7 +7741,7 @@ in, is called &ldquo;outer paragraph mode&rdquo;.
Next: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="n" rel="next">Spaces</a>, Previous: <a href="#Modes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Modes</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Page-styles-1"></a>
-<h2 class="chapter">19 Page styles</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter">18 Page styles</h2>
<a name="index-styles_002c-page"></a>
<a name="index-page-styles"></a>
@@ -7514,7 +7767,7 @@ the page&rsquo;s head and foot. The page style determines what goes in them.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cpagenumbering" accesskey="n" rel="next">\pagenumbering</a>, Up: <a href="#Page-styles" accesskey="u" rel="up">Page styles</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cmaketitle-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">19.1 <code>\maketitle</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">18.1 <code>\maketitle</code></h3>
<a name="index-titles_002c-making"></a>
<a name="index-_005cmaketitle"></a>
@@ -7573,7 +7826,7 @@ document. Use <code>\\</code> to force a line break, as usual.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cpagestyle" accesskey="n" rel="next">\pagestyle</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\maketitle</a>, Up: <a href="#Page-styles" accesskey="u" rel="up">Page styles</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cpagenumbering-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">19.2 <code>\pagenumbering</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">18.2 <code>\pagenumbering</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cpagenumbering"></a>
<a name="index-page-numbering-style"></a>
@@ -7583,7 +7836,9 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005cpagestyle" accesskey="n" rel="next">\pagestyle</a>, Prev
<pre class="example">\pagenumbering{<var>style</var>}
</pre></div>
-<p>Specifies the style of page numbers, according to <var>style</var>:
+<p>Specifies the style of page numbers, according to <var>style</var>; also
+resets the page number to 1. The <var>style</var> argument is one of
+the following:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>arabic</code></dt>
@@ -7615,7 +7870,7 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005cpagestyle" accesskey="n" rel="next">\pagestyle</a>, Prev
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cthispagestyle" accesskey="n" rel="next">\thispagestyle</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cpagenumbering" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\pagenumbering</a>, Up: <a href="#Page-styles" accesskey="u" rel="up">Page styles</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cpagestyle-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">19.3 <code>\pagestyle</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">18.3 <code>\pagestyle</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cpagestyle"></a>
<a name="index-header-style"></a>
<a name="index-footer-style"></a>
@@ -7681,7 +7936,7 @@ the page.
Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cpagestyle" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\pagestyle</a>, Up: <a href="#Page-styles" accesskey="u" rel="up">Page styles</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cthispagestyle_007bstyle_007d"></a>
-<h3 class="section">19.4 <code>\thispagestyle{<var>style</var>}</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">18.4 <code>\thispagestyle{<var>style</var>}</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cthispagestyle"></a>
<p>The <code>\thispagestyle</code> command works in the same manner as the
@@ -7696,7 +7951,7 @@ changes to <var>style</var> for the current page only.
Next: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Boxes</a>, Previous: <a href="#Page-styles" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Page styles</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Spaces-1"></a>
-<h2 class="chapter">20 Spaces</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter">19 Spaces</h2>
<a name="index-spaces"></a>
<p>LaTeX has many ways to produce white (or filled) space.
@@ -7713,11 +7968,11 @@ more often useful in math mode (see <a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005cSPACE" accesskey="3">\SPACE</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Normal interword space.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005cAT" accesskey="4">\AT</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Ending a sentence.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005c_0040" accesskey="4">\@</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Ending a sentence.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005cthinspace" accesskey="5">\thinspace</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">One-sixth of an em.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005c_002f" accesskey="6">\/</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Per-character italic correction.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005c_002f" accesskey="6">\/</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Insert italic correction.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005chrulefill" accesskey="7">\hrulefill</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Stretchable horizontal rule.
</td></tr>
@@ -7743,7 +7998,7 @@ Vertical space
Next: <a href="#g_t_005chfill" accesskey="n" rel="next">\hfill</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005chspace-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">20.1 <code>\hspace</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">19.1 <code>\hspace</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005chspace"></a>
<p>Synopsis:
@@ -7770,9 +8025,11 @@ form.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cSPACE" accesskey="n" rel="next">\SPACE</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005chspace" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\hspace</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005chfill-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">20.2 <code>\hfill</code></h3>
-
+<h3 class="section">19.2 <code>\hfill</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005chfill"></a>
+
+<a name="index-stretch_002c-infinite-horizontal"></a>
+<a name="index-infinite-horizontal-stretch"></a>
<p>The <code>\hfill</code> fill command produces a &ldquo;rubber length&rdquo; which has
no natural space but can stretch or shrink horizontally as far as
needed.
@@ -7787,18 +8044,18 @@ equivalent to <code>\hfill</code>.
<a name="g_t_005cSPACE"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005cAT" accesskey="n" rel="next">\AT</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005chfill" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\hfill</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005c_0040" accesskey="n" rel="next">\@</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005chfill" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\hfill</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<a name="g_t_005cSPACE-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">20.3 <code>\SPACE</code></h3>
+<a name="g_t_005cSPACE_003a-Normal-interword-space"></a>
+<h3 class="section">19.3 <code>\SPACE</code>: Normal interword space</h3>
<a name="index-_005cSPACE"></a>
<a name="index-_005cTAB"></a>
<a name="index-_005cNEWLINE"></a>
<p>The <code>\ </code> (space) command produces a normal interword space. It&rsquo;s
-useful after punctuation which shouldn&rsquo;t end a sentence. For example
-<code>Knuth's article in Proc.\ Amer.\ Math\. Soc.\ is fundamental</code>.
-It is also often used after control sequences, as in <code>\TeX\ is a
+useful after punctuation which shouldn&rsquo;t end a sentence. For example,
+<code>the article in Proc.\ Amer.\ Math\. Soc.\ is fundamental</code>. It
+is also often used after control sequences, as in <code>\TeX\ is a
nice system.</code>
</p>
<p>In normal circumstances, <code>\</code><tt class="key">tab</tt> and <code>\</code><tt class="key">newline</tt>
@@ -7806,15 +8063,15 @@ are equivalent to <code>\ </code>.
</p>
<hr>
-<a name="g_t_005cAT"></a>
+<a name="g_t_005c_0040"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cthinspace" accesskey="n" rel="next">\thinspace</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cSPACE" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\SPACE</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<a name="g_t_005c_0040"></a>
-<h3 class="section">20.4 <code>\@</code></h3>
+<a name="g_t_005c_0040_003a-Force-sentence_002dending-punctuation"></a>
+<h3 class="section">19.4 <code>\@</code>: Force sentence-ending punctuation</h3>
<a name="index-_005c_0040"></a>
-
+<a name="g_t_005cAT"></a>
<p>The <code>\@</code> command makes the following punctuation character end a
sentence even if it normally would not. This is typically used after
a capital letter. Here are side-by-side examples with and without
@@ -7837,16 +8094,15 @@ a capital letter. Here are side-by-side examples with and without
<a name="g_t_005cthinspace"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005c_002f" accesskey="n" rel="next">\/</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cAT" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\AT</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005c_002f" accesskey="n" rel="next">\/</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005c_0040" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\@</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<a name="g_t_005cthinspace-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">20.5 <code>\thinspace</code></h3>
+<a name="g_t_005cthinspace_003a-Insert-1_002f6em"></a>
+<h3 class="section">19.5 <code>\thinspace</code>: Insert 1/6em</h3>
<a name="index-_005cthinspace"></a>
<p><code>\thinspace</code> produces an unbreakable and unstretchable space that
-is 1/6 of an em. This is the proper space to use in nested quotes, as
-in &rsquo;&rdquo;.
-</p>
+is 1/6 of an em. This is the proper space to use between nested
+quotes, as in &rsquo;&rdquo;.</p>
<hr>
<a name="g_t_005c_002f"></a>
@@ -7854,9 +8110,10 @@ in &rsquo;&rdquo;.
<p>
Next: <a href="#g_t_005chrulefill" accesskey="n" rel="next">\hrulefill</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cthinspace" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\thinspace</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<a name="g_t_005c_002f-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">20.6 <code>\/</code></h3>
+<a name="g_t_005c_002f_003a-Insert-italic-correction"></a>
+<h3 class="section">19.6 <code>\/</code>: Insert italic correction</h3>
<a name="index-_005c_002f"></a>
+<a name="index-italic-correction"></a>
<p>The <code>\/</code> command produces an <em>italic correction</em>. This is a
small space defined by the font designer for a given character,
@@ -7870,11 +8127,18 @@ normal letters, it can help. Compare
<i>f: f;</i> (in the TeX output, the &lsquo;f&rsquo;s are nicely separated)
with <i>f: f;</i>.
</p>
+<p>When changing fonts with commands such as <code>\textit{italic
+text}</code> or <code>{\itshape italic text}</code>, LaTeX will
+automatically insert an italic correction if appropriate (see <a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a>).
+</p>
<p>Despite the name, roman characters can also have an italic
correction. Compare
pdfTeX (in the TeX output, there is a small space after the &lsquo;f&rsquo;)
with pdfTeX.
</p>
+<p>There is no concept of italic correction in math mode; spacing is done
+in a different way.
+</p>
<hr>
<a name="g_t_005chrulefill"></a>
@@ -7883,7 +8147,7 @@ with pdfTeX.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cdotfill" accesskey="n" rel="next">\dotfill</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005c_002f" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\/</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005chrulefill-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">20.7 <code>\hrulefill</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">19.7 <code>\hrulefill</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005chrulefill"></a>
<p>The <code>\hrulefill</code> fill command produces a &ldquo;rubber length&rdquo; which can
@@ -7898,7 +8162,7 @@ rule.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005caddvspace" accesskey="n" rel="next">\addvspace</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005chrulefill" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\hrulefill</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cdotfill-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">20.8 <code>\dotfill</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">19.8 <code>\dotfill</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cdotfill"></a>
@@ -7913,7 +8177,7 @@ with dots instead of just white space.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_005cmedskip-_005csmallskip" accesskey="n" rel="next">\bigskip \medskip \smallskip</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cdotfill" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\dotfill</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005caddvspace-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">20.9 <code>\addvspace</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">19.9 <code>\addvspace</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005caddvspace"></a>
<a name="index-vertical-space"></a>
<a name="index-space_002c-inserting-vertical"></a>
@@ -7923,8 +8187,8 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_005cmedskip-_005csmallskip" accesskey="n" rel="
<p>The <code>\addvspace</code> command normally adds a vertical space of height
length. However, if vertical space has already been added to the same
point in the output by a previous <code>\addvspace</code> command, then this
-command will not add more space than needed to make the natural length
-of the total vertical space equal to <code>length</code>.
+command will not add more space than is needed to make the natural
+length of the total vertical space equal to <code>length</code>.
</p>
<hr>
@@ -7934,36 +8198,39 @@ of the total vertical space equal to <code>length</code>.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cvfill" accesskey="n" rel="next">\vfill</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005caddvspace" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\addvspace</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cbigskip-_005cmedskip-_005csmallskip-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">20.10 <code>\bigskip \medskip \smallskip</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">19.10 <code>\bigskip \medskip \smallskip</code></h3>
-<p>These commands produce a given amount of space.
+<p>These commands produce a given amount of space, specified by the
+document class.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>\bigskip</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-_005cbigskip"></a>
<a name="index-_005cbigskipamount"></a>
-<p>The same as <code>\vspace{bigskipamount}</code>, ordinarily about one line
-space (with stretch and shrink).
+<p>The same as <code>\vspace{\bigskipamount}</code>, ordinarily about one line
+space, with stretch and shrink (the default for the <code>book</code> and
+<code>article</code> classes is <code>12pt plus 4pt minus 4pt</code>).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>\medskip</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-_005cmedskip"></a>
<a name="index-_005cmedskipamount"></a>
-<p>The same as <code>\vspace{medskipamount}</code>, ordinarily
-about half of a line space (with stretch and shrink).
+<p>The same as <code>\vspace{\medskipamount}</code>, ordinarily about half of
+a line space, with stretch and shrink (the default for the <code>book</code>
+and <code>article</code> classes is <code>6pt plus 2pt minus 2pt</code>).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>\smallskip</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-_005csmallskip"></a>
<a name="index-_005csmallskipamount"></a>
-<p>The same as <code>\vspace{smallskipamount}</code>, ordinarily about a
-quarter of a line space (with stretch and shrink).
+<p>The same as <code>\vspace{\smallskipamount}</code>, ordinarily about a
+quarter of a line space, with stretch and shrink (the default for the
+<code>book</code> and <code>article</code> classes is <code>3pt plus 1pt minus
+1pt</code>).
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
-<p>The <code>\...amount</code> parameters are determined by the document class.
-</p>
<hr>
<a name="g_t_005cvfill"></a>
@@ -7972,9 +8239,12 @@ quarter of a line space (with stretch and shrink).
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cvspace" accesskey="n" rel="next">\vspace</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_005cmedskip-_005csmallskip" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\bigskip \medskip \smallskip</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cvfill-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">20.11 <code>\vfill</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">19.11 <code>\vfill</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cvfill"></a>
+<a name="index-stretch_002c-infinite-vertical"></a>
+<a name="index-infinite-vertical-stretch"></a>
+
<p>The <code>\vfill</code> fill command produces a rubber length (glue) which
can stretch or shrink vertically as far as needed. It&rsquo;s equivalent to
<code>\vspace{\fill}</code> (see <a href="#g_t_005chfill">\hfill</a>).
@@ -7987,7 +8257,7 @@ can stretch or shrink vertically as far as needed. It&rsquo;s equivalent to
Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cvfill" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\vfill</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cvspace_005b_002a_005d_007blength_007d"></a>
-<h3 class="section">20.12 <code>\vspace[*]{<var>length</var>}</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">19.12 <code>\vspace[*]{<var>length</var>}</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cvspace"></a>
<p>Synopsis:
@@ -8011,7 +8281,7 @@ space is not removed.
Next: <a href="#Special-insertions" accesskey="n" rel="next">Special insertions</a>, Previous: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Spaces</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Boxes-1"></a>
-<h2 class="chapter">21 Boxes</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter">20 Boxes</h2>
<a name="index-boxes"></a>
@@ -8023,7 +8293,7 @@ used in the arguments of the box-making commands.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005cfbox-and-_005cframebox" accesskey="2">\fbox and \framebox</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Put a frame around a box.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#lrbox" accesskey="3">lrbox</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">An environment like \sbox.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#lrbox" accesskey="3">lrbox</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">An environment like <code>\sbox</code>.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005cmakebox" accesskey="4">\makebox</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Box, adjustable position.
</td></tr>
@@ -8031,9 +8301,9 @@ used in the arguments of the box-making commands.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005craisebox" accesskey="6">\raisebox</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Raise or lower text.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005csavebox" accesskey="7">\savebox</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Like \makebox, but save the text for later use.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005csavebox" accesskey="7">\savebox</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Like <code>\makebox</code>, but save the text for later use.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005csbox" accesskey="8">\sbox</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Like \mbox, but save the text for later use.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005csbox" accesskey="8">\sbox</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Like <code>\mbox</code>, but save the text for later use.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005cusebox" accesskey="9">\usebox</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Print saved text.
</td></tr>
@@ -8047,7 +8317,7 @@ used in the arguments of the box-making commands.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cfbox-and-_005cframebox" accesskey="n" rel="next">\fbox and \framebox</a>, Up: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Boxes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cmbox_007btext_007d"></a>
-<h3 class="section">21.1 <code>\mbox{<var>text}</var></code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">20.1 <code>\mbox{<var>text}</var></code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cmbox"></a>
<a name="index-hyphenation_002c-preventing"></a>
@@ -8063,7 +8333,7 @@ lines, so it can be used to prevent hyphenation.
Next: <a href="#lrbox" accesskey="n" rel="next">lrbox</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cmbox" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\mbox</a>, Up: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Boxes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cfbox-and-_005cframebox-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">21.2 <code>\fbox</code> and <code>\framebox</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">20.2 <code>\fbox</code> and <code>\framebox</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cfbox"></a>
<a name="index-_005cframebox-1"></a>
@@ -8099,7 +8369,7 @@ argument. </p>
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cmakebox" accesskey="n" rel="next">\makebox</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfbox-and-_005cframebox" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\fbox and \framebox</a>, Up: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Boxes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="lrbox-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">21.3 <code>lrbox</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">20.3 <code>lrbox</code></h3>
<a name="index-lrbox"></a>
<p><code>\begin{lrbox}{cmd} text \end{lrbox}</code>
@@ -8117,7 +8387,7 @@ must have been declared with <code>\newsavebox</code>.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cparbox" accesskey="n" rel="next">\parbox</a>, Previous: <a href="#lrbox" accesskey="p" rel="prev">lrbox</a>, Up: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Boxes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cmakebox-2"></a>
-<h3 class="section">21.4 <code>\makebox</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">20.4 <code>\makebox</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cmakebox"></a>
<p>Synopsis:
@@ -8159,7 +8429,7 @@ see <a href="#g_t_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029">\makebox (picture)</a>.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005craisebox" accesskey="n" rel="next">\raisebox</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cmakebox" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\makebox</a>, Up: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Boxes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cparbox-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">21.5 <code>\parbox</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">20.5 <code>\parbox</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cparbox"></a>
<p>Synopsis:
@@ -8220,7 +8490,7 @@ for this to work.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005csavebox" accesskey="n" rel="next">\savebox</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cparbox" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\parbox</a>, Up: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Boxes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005craisebox-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">21.6 <code>\raisebox</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">20.6 <code>\raisebox</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005craisebox"></a>
<p>Synopsis:
@@ -8247,7 +8517,7 @@ ignoring its natural height and depth.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005csbox" accesskey="n" rel="next">\sbox</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005craisebox" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\raisebox</a>, Up: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Boxes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005csavebox-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">21.7 <code>\savebox</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">20.7 <code>\savebox</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005csavebox"></a>
<p>Synopsis:
@@ -8269,7 +8539,7 @@ declared with <code>\newsavebox</code> (see <a href="#g_t_005cnewsavebox">\newsa
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cusebox" accesskey="n" rel="next">\usebox</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csavebox" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\savebox</a>, Up: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Boxes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005csbox_007b_005cboxcmd_007d_007btext_007d"></a>
-<h3 class="section">21.8 <code>\sbox{<var>\boxcmd</var>}{<var>text</var>}</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">20.8 <code>\sbox{<var>\boxcmd</var>}{<var>text</var>}</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005csbox"></a>
<p>Synopsis:
@@ -8291,8 +8561,8 @@ included in the normal output, it is saved in the box labeled
<p>
Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csbox" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\sbox</a>, Up: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Boxes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<a name="g_t_005cusebox_007b_005cboxcmd"></a>
-<h3 class="section">21.9 <code>\usebox{<var>\boxcmd</var></code></h3>
+<a name="g_t_005cusebox_007b_005cboxcmd_007d"></a>
+<h3 class="section">20.9 <code>\usebox{<var>\boxcmd</var>}</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cusebox"></a>
<p>Synopsis:
@@ -8312,13 +8582,13 @@ Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csbox" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\sbox</a>, Up: <a hre
Next: <a href="#Splitting-the-input" accesskey="n" rel="next">Splitting the input</a>, Previous: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Boxes</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Special-insertions-1"></a>
-<h2 class="chapter">22 Special insertions</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter">21 Special insertions</h2>
<p>LaTeX provides commands for inserting characters that have a
special meaning do not correspond to simple characters you can type.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Reserved-characters" accesskey="1">Reserved characters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Inserting # $ % &amp; ~ _ ^ \ { }
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Reserved-characters" accesskey="1">Reserved characters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Inserting &lsquo;<samp># $ % &amp; ~ _ ^ \ { }</samp>&rsquo;
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Text-symbols" accesskey="2">Text symbols</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Inserting other non-letter symbols in text.
</td></tr>
@@ -8340,7 +8610,7 @@ special meaning do not correspond to simple characters you can type.
Next: <a href="#Text-symbols" accesskey="n" rel="next">Text symbols</a>, Up: <a href="#Special-insertions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Special insertions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Reserved-characters-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">22.1 Reserved characters</h3>
+<h3 class="section">21.1 Reserved characters</h3>
<a name="index-reserved-characters"></a>
<a name="index-characters_002c-reserved"></a>
@@ -8396,7 +8666,7 @@ with <code>&quot;</code>, so the previous example could also be written as
Next: <a href="#Accents" accesskey="n" rel="next">Accents</a>, Previous: <a href="#Reserved-characters" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Reserved characters</a>, Up: <a href="#Special-insertions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Special insertions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Text-symbols-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">22.2 Text symbols</h3>
+<h3 class="section">21.2 Text symbols</h3>
<a name="index-text-symbols"></a>
<a name="index-textcomp-package-1"></a>
@@ -8437,6 +8707,14 @@ not available in OT1; you may need to load the <code>textcomp</code> package.
<p>The LaTeX logo.
</p>
</dd>
+<dt><code>\LaTeXe</code>
+<a name="index-_005cLaTeXe"></a>
+</dt>
+<dd><a name="index-LaTeX2e-logo"></a>
+<a name="index-logo_002c-LaTeX2e"></a>
+<p>The LaTeX2e logo.
+</p>
+</dd>
<dt><code>\guillemotleft <span class="roman">(&laquo;)</span></code>
<a name="index-_005cguillemotleft-_0028_00ab_0029"></a>
</dt>
@@ -8514,7 +8792,7 @@ and <code>\dots</code> also work in math mode.
<dd><a name="index-double-low_002d9-quotation-mark"></a>
<a name="index-single-low_002d9-quotation-mark"></a>
<a name="index-low_002d9-quotation-marks_002c-single-and-double"></a>
-<p>Double and single quotation marks on the baseline:
+<p>Double and single quotation marks on the baseline:
&bdquo; and &sbquo;.
</p>
</dd>
@@ -8742,8 +9020,8 @@ has the ascender height.
<dt><code>\textquestiondown <span class="roman">(or <code>?`</code>)</span></code>
<a name="index-_005ctextquestiondown-_0028or-_003f_0060_0029"></a>
</dt>
-<dd><a name="index-questionation-point_002c-upside_002ddown"></a>
-<p>Upside down questionation point: &iquest;.
+<dd><a name="index-question-mark_002c-upside_002ddown"></a>
+<p>Upside down question mark: &iquest;.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>\textquotedblleft <span class="roman">(or <code>``</code>)</span></code>
@@ -8853,12 +9131,14 @@ has the ascender height.
Next: <a href="#Non_002dEnglish-characters" accesskey="n" rel="next">Non-English characters</a>, Previous: <a href="#Text-symbols" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Text symbols</a>, Up: <a href="#Special-insertions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Special insertions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Accents-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">22.3 Accents</h3>
+<h3 class="section">21.3 Accents</h3>
<a name="index-accents"></a>
<a name="index-characters_002c-accented"></a>
<a name="index-letters_002c-accented"></a>
+<a name="index-babel-package"></a>
+<a name="index-multilingual-support"></a>
<p>LaTeX has wide support for many of the world&rsquo;s scripts and
languages, through the <code>babel</code> package and related support. This
section does not attempt to cover all that support. It merely lists
@@ -9040,7 +9320,7 @@ descenders. See also <code>\underline</code> in <a href="#Math-miscellany">Math
Next: <a href="#g_t_005crule" accesskey="n" rel="next">\rule</a>, Previous: <a href="#Accents" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Accents</a>, Up: <a href="#Special-insertions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Special insertions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Non_002dEnglish-characters-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">22.4 Non-English characters</h3>
+<h3 class="section">21.4 Non-English characters</h3>
<a name="index-special-characters"></a>
<a name="index-non_002dEnglish-characters"></a>
@@ -9069,8 +9349,8 @@ used in languages other than English.
</dd>
<dt><code>\dh</code></dt>
<dt><code>\DH</code></dt>
-<dd><a name="index-_005cdh-_0028ae_0029"></a>
-<a name="index-_005cDH-_0028AE_0029"></a>
+<dd><a name="index-_005cdh-_0028d_0029"></a>
+<a name="index-_005cDH-_0028D_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Icelandic-eth"></a>
<a name="index-eth_002c-Icelandic-letter"></a>
<p>Icelandic letter eth: &eth; and &ETH;.
@@ -9080,7 +9360,7 @@ used in languages other than English.
<dt><code>\DJ</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-_005cdj"></a>
<a name="index-_005cDJ"></a>
-<p>xxxx
+<p>Crossed d and D, a.k.a. capital and small letter d with stroke.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>\ij</code></dt>
@@ -9103,7 +9383,7 @@ used in languages other than English.
<dt><code>\NG</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-_005cng"></a>
<a name="index-_005cNG"></a>
-<p>xxxx
+<p>Latin letter eng, also used in phonetics.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>\o</code></dt>
@@ -9150,7 +9430,7 @@ used in languages other than English.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005ctoday" accesskey="n" rel="next">\today</a>, Previous: <a href="#Non_002dEnglish-characters" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Non-English characters</a>, Up: <a href="#Special-insertions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Special insertions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005crule-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">22.5 <code>\rule</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">21.5 <code>\rule</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005crule"></a>
<p>Synopsis:
@@ -9184,7 +9464,7 @@ rectangles. The arguments are:
Previous: <a href="#g_t_005crule" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\rule</a>, Up: <a href="#Special-insertions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Special insertions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005ctoday-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">22.6 <code>\today</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">21.6 <code>\today</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005ctoday"></a>
<p>The <code>\today</code> command produces today&rsquo;s date, in the format
@@ -9205,7 +9485,7 @@ of other date formats.
Next: <a href="#Front_002fback-matter" accesskey="n" rel="next">Front/back matter</a>, Previous: <a href="#Special-insertions" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Special insertions</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Splitting-the-input-1"></a>
-<h2 class="chapter">23 Splitting the input</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter">22 Splitting the input</h2>
<a name="index-splitting-the-input-file"></a>
<a name="index-input-file"></a>
@@ -9235,7 +9515,7 @@ external file to be created with the main document.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cincludeonly" accesskey="n" rel="next">\includeonly</a>, Up: <a href="#Splitting-the-input" accesskey="u" rel="up">Splitting the input</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cinclude-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">23.1 <code>\include</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">22.1 <code>\include</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cinclude"></a>
<p>Synopsis:
@@ -9265,7 +9545,7 @@ read by another <code>\include</code> command.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cinput" accesskey="n" rel="next">\input</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cinclude" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\include</a>, Up: <a href="#Splitting-the-input" accesskey="u" rel="up">Splitting the input</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cincludeonly-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">23.2 \<code>includeonly</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">22.2 \<code>includeonly</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cincludeonly"></a>
<p>Synopsis:
@@ -9290,7 +9570,7 @@ effective.
Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cincludeonly" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\includeonly</a>, Up: <a href="#Splitting-the-input" accesskey="u" rel="up">Splitting the input</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cinput-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">23.3 \input</h3>
+<h3 class="section">22.3 \input</h3>
<a name="index-_005cinput"></a>
<p>Synopsis:
@@ -9315,7 +9595,7 @@ is tried (&lsquo;<samp>foo</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>foo.bar</samp>&rsquo;).
Next: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="n" rel="next">Letters</a>, Previous: <a href="#Splitting-the-input" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Splitting the input</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Front_002fback-matter-1"></a>
-<h2 class="chapter">24 Front/back matter</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter">23 Front/back matter</h2>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Tables-of-contents" accesskey="1">Tables of contents</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
@@ -9334,12 +9614,12 @@ Next: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="n" rel="next">Letters</a>, Previous: <a href
Next: <a href="#Glossaries" accesskey="n" rel="next">Glossaries</a>, Up: <a href="#Front_002fback-matter" accesskey="u" rel="up">Front/back matter</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Tables-of-contents-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">24.1 Tables of contents</h3>
+<h3 class="section">23.1 Tables of contents</h3>
<a name="index-table-of-contents_002c-creating"></a>
<a name="index-_005ctableofcontents"></a>
-<a name="index-_002etoc-file"></a>
+<a name="index-_002etoc-file-1"></a>
<p>A table of contents is produced with the <code>\tableofcontents</code>
command. You put the command right where you want the table of
contents to go; LaTeX does the rest for you. A previous run must
@@ -9352,18 +9632,21 @@ table of contents, write a <code>\newpage</code> command after the
</p>
<a name="index-_005clistoffigures"></a>
<a name="index-_005clistoftables"></a>
+<a name="index-_002elof-file-1"></a>
+<a name="index-_002elot-file-1"></a>
<p>The analogous commands <code>\listoffigures</code> and <code>\listoftables</code>
-produce a list of figures and a list of tables, respectively.
-Everything works exactly the same as for the table of contents.
+produce a list of figures and a list of tables (from <samp>.lof</samp> and
+<samp>.lot</samp> files), respectively. Everything works exactly the same
+as for the table of contents.
</p>
<a name="index-_005cnofiles"></a>
<p>The command <code>\nofiles</code> overrides these commands, and
<em>prevents</em> any of these lists from being generated.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005caddcontentsline" accesskey="1">\addcontentsline</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Add an entry to table of contents etc.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005caddcontentsline" accesskey="1">\addcontentsline</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Add an entry to table of contents, etc.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005caddtocontents" accesskey="2">\addtocontents</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Add text directly to table of contents file etc.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005caddtocontents" accesskey="2">\addtocontents</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Add text directly to table of contents file, etc.
</td></tr>
</table>
@@ -9375,7 +9658,7 @@ Everything works exactly the same as for the table of contents.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005caddtocontents" accesskey="n" rel="next">\addtocontents</a>, Up: <a href="#Tables-of-contents" accesskey="u" rel="up">Tables of contents</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005caddcontentsline-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">24.1.1 \addcontentsline</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">23.1.1 \addcontentsline</h4>
<a name="index-_005caddcontentsline_007bext_007d_007bunit_007d_007btext_007d"></a>
<a name="index-table-of-contents-entry_002c-manually-adding"></a>
@@ -9408,7 +9691,7 @@ following, matching the value of the <var>ext</var> argument:
</dd>
<dt><var>entry</var></dt>
-<dd><p>The actual text of the entry.
+<dd><p>The text of the entry.
</p></dd>
</dl>
@@ -9425,7 +9708,7 @@ command <code>\contentsline{<var>unit</var>}{<var>name</var>}</code>.
Previous: <a href="#g_t_005caddcontentsline" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\addcontentsline</a>, Up: <a href="#Tables-of-contents" accesskey="u" rel="up">Tables of contents</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005caddtocontents-1"></a>
-<h4 class="subsection">24.1.2 \addtocontents</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection">23.1.2 \addtocontents</h4>
<a name="index-_005caddtocontents_007bext_007d_007btext_007d"></a>
<p>The <code>\addtocontents</code>{<var>ext</var>}{<var>text</var>} command adds text
@@ -9434,9 +9717,9 @@ generates the table of contents or lists of figures or tables.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><var>ext</var></dt>
-<dd><p>The extension of the file on which information is to be written:
-<samp>toc</samp> (table of contents), <samp>lof</samp> (list of figures), or
-<samp>lot</samp> (list of tables).
+<dd><p>The extension of the file on which information is to be written,
+typically one of: <samp>toc</samp> (table of contents), <samp>lof</samp> (list of
+figures), or <samp>lot</samp> (list of tables).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>text</var></dt>
@@ -9452,7 +9735,7 @@ generates the table of contents or lists of figures or tables.
Next: <a href="#Indexes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Indexes</a>, Previous: <a href="#Tables-of-contents" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Tables of contents</a>, Up: <a href="#Front_002fback-matter" accesskey="u" rel="up">Front/back matter</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Glossaries-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">24.2 Glossaries</h3>
+<h3 class="section">23.2 Glossaries</h3>
<a name="index-glossaries"></a>
<a name="index-_005cmakeglossary"></a>
@@ -9468,6 +9751,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Indexes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Indexes</a>, Previous: <a href
<code>\glossaryentry{<var>text</var>}{<var>pageno</var>}</code>, where
<var>pageno</var> is the current <code>\thepage</code> value.
</p>
+<a name="index-glossary-package"></a>
<p>The <code>glossary</code> package on CTAN provides support for fancier
glossaries.
</p>
@@ -9479,7 +9763,7 @@ glossaries.
Previous: <a href="#Glossaries" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Glossaries</a>, Up: <a href="#Front_002fback-matter" accesskey="u" rel="up">Front/back matter</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Indexes-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">24.3 Indexes</h3>
+<h3 class="section">23.3 Indexes</h3>
<a name="index-indexes"></a>
<a name="index-_005cmakeindex"></a>
@@ -9497,6 +9781,7 @@ the preamble.
is the current <code>\thepage</code> value.
</p>
<a name="index-_0060see_0027-and-_0060see-also_0027-index-entries"></a>
+<a name="index-index-entries_002c-_0060see_0027-and-_0060see-also_0027"></a>
<p>To generate a index entry for &lsquo;bar&rsquo; that says &lsquo;See foo&rsquo;, use a
vertical bar: <code>\index{bar|see{foo}}</code>. Use <code>seealso</code>
instead of <code>see</code> to make a &lsquo;See also&rsquo; entry.
@@ -9546,7 +9831,7 @@ TeX FAQ entry on this topic,
Next: <a href="#Terminal-input_002foutput" accesskey="n" rel="next">Terminal input/output</a>, Previous: <a href="#Front_002fback-matter" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Front/back matter</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Letters-1"></a>
-<h2 class="chapter">25 Letters</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter">24 Letters</h2>
<a name="index-letters"></a>
<a name="index-creating-letters"></a>
@@ -9597,7 +9882,7 @@ commands, use <code>\\</code> to separate the items.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005cencl" accesskey="4">\encl</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">List of enclosed material.
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005clocation" accesskey="5">\location</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Your organisation&rsquo;s address.
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005clocation" accesskey="5">\location</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Your organization&rsquo;s address.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005cmakelabels" accesskey="6">\makelabels</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Making address labels.
</td></tr>
@@ -9625,7 +9910,7 @@ commands, use <code>\\</code> to separate the items.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005ccc" accesskey="n" rel="next">\cc</a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005caddress_007breturn_002daddress_007d"></a>
-<h3 class="section">25.1 \address{<var>return-address}</var></h3>
+<h3 class="section">24.1 \address{<var>return-address}</var></h3>
<a name="index-_005caddress"></a>
<p>The <code>\address</code> specifies the return address of a letter, as it
@@ -9633,7 +9918,7 @@ should appear on the letter and the envelope. Separate lines of the
address should be separated by <code>\\</code> commands.
</p>
<p>If you do not make an <code>\address</code> declaration, then the letter
-will be formatted for copying onto your organisation&rsquo;s standard
+will be formatted for copying onto your organization&rsquo;s standard
letterhead. (See <a href="#Overview">Overview</a>, for details on your local
implementation). If you give an <code>\address</code> declaration, then the
letter will be formatted as a personal letter.
@@ -9646,7 +9931,7 @@ letter will be formatted as a personal letter.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cclosing" accesskey="n" rel="next">\closing</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005caddress" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\address</a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005ccc-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">25.2 <code>\cc</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">24.2 <code>\cc</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005ccc"></a>
<a name="index-cc-list_002c-in-letters"></a>
@@ -9668,7 +9953,7 @@ printed on a separate line.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cencl" accesskey="n" rel="next">\encl</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005ccc" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\cc</a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cclosing-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">25.3 <code>\closing</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">24.3 <code>\closing</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cclosing"></a>
<a name="index-letters_002c-ending"></a>
@@ -9693,7 +9978,7 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005cencl" accesskey="n" rel="next">\encl</a>, Previous: <a h
Next: <a href="#g_t_005clocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">\location</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cclosing" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\closing</a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cencl-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">25.4 <code>\encl</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">24.4 <code>\encl</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cencl"></a>
<a name="index-enclosure-list"></a>
@@ -9714,12 +9999,12 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005clocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">\location</a>, Previo
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cmakelabels" accesskey="n" rel="next">\makelabels</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cencl" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\encl</a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005clocation-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">25.5 <code>\location</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">24.5 <code>\location</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005clocation"></a>
<p><code>\location{address}</code>
</p>
-<p>This modifies your organisation&rsquo;s standard address. This only appears
+<p>This modifies your organization&rsquo;s standard address. This only appears
if the <code>firstpage</code> pagestyle is selected.
</p>
@@ -9730,7 +10015,7 @@ if the <code>firstpage</code> pagestyle is selected.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cname" accesskey="n" rel="next">\name</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005clocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\location</a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cmakelabels-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">25.6 <code>\makelabels</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">24.6 <code>\makelabels</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cmakelabels"></a>
<p><code>\makelabels{number}</code>
@@ -9747,7 +10032,7 @@ address labels. This sheet will be output before the letters.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005copening" accesskey="n" rel="next">\opening</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cmakelabels" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\makelabels</a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cname-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">25.7 <code>\name</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">24.7 <code>\name</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cname"></a>
<p><code>\name{June Davenport}</code>
@@ -9763,7 +10048,7 @@ address.
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cps" accesskey="n" rel="next">\ps</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cname" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\name</a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005copening_007btext_007d"></a>
-<h3 class="section">25.8 <code>\opening{<var>text</var>}</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">24.8 <code>\opening{<var>text</var>}</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005copening"></a>
<a name="index-letters_002c-starting"></a>
@@ -9789,7 +10074,7 @@ For instance:
Next: <a href="#g_t_005csignature" accesskey="n" rel="next">\signature</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005copening" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\opening</a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cps-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">25.9 <code>\ps</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">24.9 <code>\ps</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cps"></a>
<a name="index-postscript_002c-in-letters"></a>
@@ -9804,7 +10089,7 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005csignature" accesskey="n" rel="next">\signature</a>, Prev
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cstartbreaks" accesskey="n" rel="next">\startbreaks</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cps" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\ps</a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005csignature_007btext_007d"></a>
-<h3 class="section">25.10 <code>\signature{<var>text</var>}</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">24.10 <code>\signature{<var>text</var>}</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005csignature"></a>
<p>Your name, as it should appear at the end of the letter underneath the
@@ -9819,7 +10104,7 @@ space for your signature. <code>\\</code> starts a new line within
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cstopbreaks" accesskey="n" rel="next">\stopbreaks</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csignature" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\signature</a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cstartbreaks-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">25.11 <code>\startbreaks</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">24.11 <code>\startbreaks</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cstartbreaks"></a>
<p><code>\startbreaks</code>
@@ -9827,7 +10112,6 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005cstopbreaks" accesskey="n" rel="next">\stopbreaks</a>, Pr
<p>Used after a <code>\stopbreaks</code> command to allow page breaks again.
</p>
-
<hr>
<a name="g_t_005cstopbreaks"></a>
<div class="header">
@@ -9835,7 +10119,7 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005cstopbreaks" accesskey="n" rel="next">\stopbreaks</a>, Pr
Next: <a href="#g_t_005ctelephone" accesskey="n" rel="next">\telephone</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cstartbreaks" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\startbreaks</a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005cstopbreaks-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">25.12 <code>\stopbreaks</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">24.12 <code>\stopbreaks</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005cstopbreaks"></a>
<p><code>\stopbreaks</code>
@@ -9843,7 +10127,6 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005ctelephone" accesskey="n" rel="next">\telephone</a>, Prev
<p>Inhibit page breaks until a <code>\startbreaks</code> command occurs.
</p>
-
<hr>
<a name="g_t_005ctelephone"></a>
<div class="header">
@@ -9851,7 +10134,7 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005ctelephone" accesskey="n" rel="next">\telephone</a>, Prev
Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cstopbreaks" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\stopbreaks</a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005ctelephone-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">25.13 <code>\telephone</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">24.13 <code>\telephone</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005ctelephone"></a>
<p><code>\telephone{number}</code>
@@ -9867,7 +10150,7 @@ Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cstopbreaks" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\stopbreaks</a>
Next: <a href="#Command-line" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command line</a>, Previous: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Letters</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Terminal-input_002foutput-1"></a>
-<h2 class="chapter">26 Terminal input/output</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter">25 Terminal input/output</h2>
<a name="index-input_002foutput"></a>
<a name="index-terminal-input_002foutput"></a>
@@ -9886,7 +10169,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-line" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command line</a>, Previou
Next: <a href="#g_t_005ctypeout" accesskey="n" rel="next">\typeout</a>, Up: <a href="#Terminal-input_002foutput" accesskey="u" rel="up">Terminal input/output</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005ctypein_005bcmd_005d_007bmsg_007d"></a>
-<h3 class="section">26.1 <code>\typein[<var>cmd</var>]{<var>msg</var>}</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">25.1 <code>\typein[<var>cmd</var>]{<var>msg</var>}</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005ctypein"></a>
<p>Synopsis:
@@ -9911,7 +10194,7 @@ redefined to be the typed input.
Previous: <a href="#g_t_005ctypein" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\typein</a>, Up: <a href="#Terminal-input_002foutput" accesskey="u" rel="up">Terminal input/output</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="g_t_005ctypeout_007bmsg_007d"></a>
-<h3 class="section">26.2 <code>\typeout{<var>msg</var>}</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section">25.2 <code>\typeout{<var>msg</var>}</code></h3>
<a name="index-_005ctypeout"></a>
<p>Synopsis:
@@ -9939,20 +10222,25 @@ printed, independent of surrounding spaces. A <code>^^J</code> in
Next: <a href="#Document-templates" accesskey="n" rel="next">Document templates</a>, Previous: <a href="#Terminal-input_002foutput" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Terminal input/output</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Command-line-1"></a>
-<h2 class="chapter">27 Command line</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter">26 Command line</h2>
<a name="index-command-line"></a>
+<a name="index-_002etex_002c-default-extension"></a>
<p>The input file specification indicates the file to be formatted;
TeX uses <samp>.tex</samp> as a default file extension. If you omit the
-input file entirely, TeX accepts input from the terminal. You
-specify command options by supplying a string as a parameter to the
-command; e.g.
+input file entirely, TeX accepts input from the terminal. You can
+also specify arbitrary LaTeX input by starting with a backslash.
+For example, this processes <samp>foo.tex</samp> without pausing after every
+error:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">latex '\nonstopmode\input foo.tex'
</pre></div>
-<p>will process <samp>foo.tex</samp> without pausing after every error.
+<a name="index-_002d_002dhelp-command_002dline-option"></a>
+<p>With many, but not all, implementations, command-line options can also
+be specified in the usual Unix way, starting with &lsquo;<samp>-</samp>&rsquo; or
+&lsquo;<samp>--</samp>&rsquo;. For a list of those options, try &lsquo;<samp>latex --help</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
<a name="index-_002a-prompt"></a>
<a name="index-prompt_002c-_002a"></a>
@@ -9961,7 +10249,8 @@ command; e.g.
&lsquo;<samp>*</samp>&rsquo; prompt, it is waiting for input. You can type <code>\stop</code>
(and return) and it will prematurely end the document.
</p>
-
+<p>See <a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a>, for other system commands invoking LaTeX.
+</p>
<hr>
<a name="Document-templates"></a>
@@ -9974,13 +10263,13 @@ Next: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Concept Index</a>, Previ
<a name="index-document-templates"></a>
<p>Although not reference material, perhaps these document templates will
-be useful. Additional template resources are listed
+be useful. Additional template resources are listed at
<a href="http://tug.org/interest.html#latextemplates">http://tug.org/interest.html#latextemplates</a>.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#book-template" accesskey="1">book template</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#beamer-template" accesskey="1">beamer template</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
-<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#beamer-template" accesskey="2">beamer template</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#book-template" accesskey="2">book template</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#tugboat-template" accesskey="3">tugboat template</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
@@ -9988,42 +10277,17 @@ be useful. Additional template resources are listed
<hr>
-<a name="book-template"></a>
-<div class="header">
-<p>
-Next: <a href="#beamer-template" accesskey="n" rel="next">beamer template</a>, Up: <a href="#Document-templates" accesskey="u" rel="up">Document templates</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
-</div>
-<a name="book-template-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">A.1 <code>book</code> template</h3>
-
-<pre class="verbatim">\documentclass{book}
-\title{Book Class Template}
-\author{Alex Author}
-
-\begin{document}
-\maketitle
-
-\chapter{First}
-Some text.
-
-\chapter{Second}
-Some other text.
-
-\section{A subtopic}
-The end.
-\end{document}
-</pre>
-
-<hr>
<a name="beamer-template"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#tugboat-template" accesskey="n" rel="next">tugboat template</a>, Previous: <a href="#book-template" accesskey="p" rel="prev">book template</a>, Up: <a href="#Document-templates" accesskey="u" rel="up">Document templates</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#book-template" accesskey="n" rel="next">book template</a>, Up: <a href="#Document-templates" accesskey="u" rel="up">Document templates</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="beamer-template-1"></a>
-<h3 class="section">A.2 <code>beamer</code> template</h3>
+<h3 class="section">A.1 <code>beamer</code> template</h3>
-<p>The <code>beamer</code> class creates slides presentations.
+<a name="index-beamer-template-and-class"></a>
+<p>The <code>beamer</code> class creates presentation slides. It has a vast
+array of features, but here is a basic template:
</p>
<pre class="verbatim">\documentclass{beamer}
@@ -10052,14 +10316,44 @@ Next: <a href="#tugboat-template" accesskey="n" rel="next">tugboat template</a>,
</p>
<hr>
+<a name="book-template"></a>
+<div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#tugboat-template" accesskey="n" rel="next">tugboat template</a>, Previous: <a href="#beamer-template" accesskey="p" rel="prev">beamer template</a>, Up: <a href="#Document-templates" accesskey="u" rel="up">Document templates</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<a name="book-template-1"></a>
+<h3 class="section">A.2 <code>book</code> template</h3>
+
+<pre class="verbatim">\documentclass{book}
+\title{Book Class Template}
+\author{Alex Author}
+
+\begin{document}
+\maketitle
+
+\chapter{First}
+Some text.
+
+\chapter{Second}
+Some other text.
+
+\section{A subtopic}
+The end.
+\end{document}
+</pre>
+
+<hr>
<a name="tugboat-template"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
-Previous: <a href="#beamer-template" accesskey="p" rel="prev">beamer template</a>, Up: <a href="#Document-templates" accesskey="u" rel="up">Document templates</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Previous: <a href="#book-template" accesskey="p" rel="prev">book template</a>, Up: <a href="#Document-templates" accesskey="u" rel="up">Document templates</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="tugboat-template-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">A.3 <code>tugboat</code> template</h3>
+<a name="index-TUGboat-template"></a>
+<a name="index-ltugboat-class"></a>
+
<p><cite>TUGboat</cite> is the journal of the TeX Users Group,
<a href="http://tug.org/TUGboat">http://tug.org/TUGboat</a>.
</p>
@@ -10093,8 +10387,8 @@ This is an example article for \TUB{}.
This is an example article for \TUB, from
\url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/location.html}.
-We recommend the graphicx package for image inclusions, and the
-hyperref package for active url's (in the \acro{PDF} output).
+We recommend the \texttt{graphicx} package for image inclusions, and the
+\texttt{hyperref} package for active urls in the \acro{PDF} output.
Nowadays \TUB\ is produced using \acro{PDF} files exclusively.
The \texttt{ltugboat} class provides these abbreviations and many more:
@@ -10225,6 +10519,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-accessing-any-character-of-a-font">accessing any character of a font</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reserved-characters">Reserved characters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-acute-accent">acute accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-acute-accent_002c-math">acute accent, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-additional-packages_002c-loading">additional packages, loading</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ae-ligature">ae ligature</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Non_002dEnglish-characters">Non-English characters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-align-environment_002c-from-amsmath">align <span class="roman">environment, from <code>amsmath</code></span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-aligning-equations">aligning equations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
@@ -10240,9 +10535,10 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ASCII-tilde_002c-in-text">ASCII tilde, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-asterisk_002c-centered_002c-in-text">asterisk, centered, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-author_002c-for-titlepage">author, for titlepage</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-auxiliary-file">auxiliary file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-auxiliary-file">auxiliary file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_letter-B">B</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-babel-package"><code>babel</code> package</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-backslash_002c-in-text">backslash, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bar_002c-double-vertical_002c-in-text">bar, double vertical, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bar_002c-vertical_002c-in-text">bar, vertical, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
@@ -10250,6 +10546,8 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bar_002dover-accent_002c-math">bar-over accent, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bar_002dunder-accent">bar-under accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-basics-of-LaTeX">basics of LaTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-beamer-template-and-class"><code>beamer</code> template and class</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#beamer-template">beamer template</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bibliography-format_002c-open">bibliography format, open</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bibliography_002c-creating-_0028automatically_0029">bibliography, creating (automatically)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Using-BibTeX">Using BibTeX</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bibliography_002c-creating-_0028manually_0029">bibliography, creating (manually)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#thebibliography">thebibliography</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bibTeX_002c-using">bibTeX, using</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Using-BibTeX">Using BibTeX</a></td></tr>
@@ -10274,10 +10572,10 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-calligraphic-letters-for-math">calligraphic letters for math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cap-height">cap height</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-caron-accent">caron accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-case-sensitivity-of-LaTeX">case sensitivity of LaTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cc-list_002c-in-letters">cc list, in letters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005ccc">\cc</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cedilla-accent">cedilla accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-centered-asterisk_002c-in-text">centered asterisk, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-centered-equations">centered equations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-centered-period_002c-in-text">centered period, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-centering-text_002c-declaration-for">centering text, declaration for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005ccentering">\centering</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-centering-text_002c-environment-for">centering text, environment for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#center">center</a></td></tr>
@@ -10297,9 +10595,11 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-closing-quote">closing quote</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-code_002c-typesetting">code, typesetting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-command-line">command line</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Command-line">Command line</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-command-syntax">command syntax</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">LaTeX command syntax</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-commands_002c-defining-new-ones">commands, defining new ones</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-composite-word-mark_002c-in-text">composite word mark, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-computer-programs_002c-typesetting">computer programs, typesetting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-contents-file">contents file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-copyright-symbol">copyright symbol</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-counters_002c-a-list-of">counters, a list of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-counters_002c-defining-new">counters, defining new</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcounter">\newcounter</a></td></tr>
@@ -10310,6 +10610,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-creating-tables">creating tables</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#table">table</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-credit-footnote">credit footnote</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cross-references">cross references</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Cross-references">Cross references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cross-references_002c-resolving">cross references, resolving</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cross-referencing-with-page-number">cross referencing with page number</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cpageref">\pageref</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cross-referencing_002c-symbolic">cross referencing, symbolic</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cref">\ref</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-currency_002c-dollar">currency, dollar</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
@@ -10332,6 +10633,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-displaying-quoted-text-with-paragraph-indentation">displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#quotation">quotation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-displaying-quoted-text-without-paragraph-indentation">displaying quoted text without paragraph indentation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#quote">quote</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-document-class-options">document class options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-document-class_002c-defined">document class, defined</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Starting-and-ending">Starting and ending</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-document-classes">document classes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-classes">Document classes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-document-templates">document templates</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-templates">Document templates</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dollar-sign">dollar sign</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
@@ -10357,6 +10659,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_letter-E">E</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-e_002ddash">e-dash</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-e_002dTeX">e-TeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ellipsis">ellipsis</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-em_002ddash">em-dash</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-em_002ddash_002c-three_002dquarters">em-dash, three-quarters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
@@ -10364,14 +10667,17 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-emphasis">emphasis</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-emphasis-1">emphasis</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-enclosure-list">enclosure list</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cencl">\encl</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ending-_0026-starting">ending &amp; starting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Starting-_0026-ending">Starting &amp; ending</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ending-_0026-starting">ending &amp; starting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Starting-and-ending">Starting and ending</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-engines_002c-TeX">engines, TeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-enlarge-current-page">enlarge current page</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cenlargethispage">\enlargethispage</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-environments">environments</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environments">Environments</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-environments_002c-defining">environments, defining</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment">\newenvironment &amp; \renewenvironment</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-equation-number_002c-cross-referencing">equation number, cross referencing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cref">\ref</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-equation-numbers_002c-left-vs_002e-right">equation numbers, left vs. right</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-equation-numbers_002c-omitting">equation numbers, omitting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-equations_002c-aligning">equations, aligning</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-equations_002c-environment-for">equations, environment for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#equation">equation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-equations_002c-flush-left-vs_002e-centered">equations, flush left vs. centered</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-es_002dzet-German-letter">es-zet German letter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Non_002dEnglish-characters">Non-English characters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eth_002c-Icelandic-letter">eth, Icelandic letter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Non_002dEnglish-characters">Non-English characters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-euro-symbol">euro symbol</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
@@ -10386,7 +10692,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-figures_002c-inserting">figures, inserting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#figure">figure</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fixed_002dwidth-font">fixed-width font</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-float-package"><code>float</code> package</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#figure">figure</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-float-package-1"><code>float</code> package</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#figure">figure</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-flush-left-equations">flush left equations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-flushing-floats-and-starting-a-page">flushing floats and starting a page</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cclearpage">\clearpage</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-font-commands_002c-low_002dlevel">font commands, low-level</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-font-sizes">font sizes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
@@ -10402,6 +10708,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-footnotes_002c-symbolic-instead-of-numbered">footnotes, symbolic instead of numbered</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Symbolic-footnotes">Symbolic footnotes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-formulas_002c-environment-for">formulas, environment for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#equation">equation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-formulas_002c-math">formulas, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-forward-references_002c-resolving">forward references, resolving</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fragile-commands">fragile commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-French-quotation-marks">French quotation marks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-functions_002c-math">functions, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
@@ -10410,6 +10717,8 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-global-options">global options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-global-options-1">global options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-glossaries">glossaries</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glossaries">Glossaries</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-glossary-package">glossary <span class="roman">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glossaries">Glossaries</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-graphics-packages">graphics packages</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cline">\line</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-grave-accent">grave accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-grave-accent_002c-math">grave accent, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-greater-than-symbol_002c-in-text">greater than symbol, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
@@ -10422,6 +10731,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hat-accent_002c-math">hat accent, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-header-style">header style</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cpagestyle">\pagestyle</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-header_002c-parameters-for">header, parameters for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hello_002c-world">hello, world</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Starting-and-ending">Starting and ending</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-here_002c-putting-floats">here, putting floats</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#figure">figure</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hungarian-umlaut-accent">hungarian umlaut accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyphenation_002c-defining">hyphenation, defining</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005chyphenation">\hyphenation</a></td></tr>
@@ -10432,15 +10742,20 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Icelandic-eth">Icelandic eth</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Non_002dEnglish-characters">Non-English characters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Icelandic-thorn">Icelandic thorn</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Non_002dEnglish-characters">Non-English characters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ij-letter_002c-Dutch">ij letter, Dutch</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Non_002dEnglish-characters">Non-English characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-implementations-of-TeX">implementations of TeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-in_002dline-formulas">in-line formulas</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#math">math</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indent_002c-forcing">indent, forcing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cindent">\indent</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indent_002c-suppressing">indent, suppressing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnoindent">\noindent</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indentation-of-paragraphs_002c-in-minipage">indentation of paragraphs, in minipage</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#minipage">minipage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-index-entries_002c-_0060see_0027-and-_0060see-also_0027">index entries, &lsquo;see&rsquo; and &lsquo;see also&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indexes">indexes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-infinite-horizontal-stretch">infinite horizontal stretch</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005chfill">\hfill</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-infinite-vertical-stretch">infinite vertical stretch</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cvfill">\vfill</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-initial-command">initial command</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#filecontents">filecontents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-input-file">input file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Splitting-the-input">Splitting the input</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-input_002foutput">input/output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Terminal-input_002foutput">Terminal input/output</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-inserting-figures">inserting figures</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#figure">figure</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-italic-correction">italic correction</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_002f">\/</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-italic-font">italic font</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_letter-J">J</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
@@ -10448,14 +10763,18 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-justification_002c-ragged-right">justification, ragged right</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005craggedright">\raggedright</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_letter-K">K</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e">Knuth, Donald E.</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e">Knuth, Donald E.</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_letter-L">L</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-labelled-lists_002c-creating">labelled lists, creating</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#description">description</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Lamport_002c-Leslie">Lamport, Leslie</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Lamport-TeX">Lamport TeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Lamport_002c-Leslie">Lamport, Leslie</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-landscape-orientation">landscape orientation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LaTeX-logo">LaTeX logo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LaTeX-overview">LaTeX overview</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LaTeX-Project-team">LaTeX Project team</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LaTeX-vs_002e-LaTeX2e">LaTeX vs. LaTeX2e</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LaTeX2e-logo">LaTeX2e logo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-layout-commands">layout commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Layout">Layout</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-layout_002c-page-parameters-for">layout, page parameters for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-left-angle-quotation-marks">left angle quotation marks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
@@ -10464,6 +10783,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-left-quote">left quote</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-left-quote_002c-double">left quote, double</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-left-quote_002c-single">left quote, single</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-left_002dhand-equation-numbers">left-hand equation numbers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-left_002djustifying-text">left-justifying text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005craggedright">\raggedright</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-left_002djustifying-text_002c-environment-for">left-justifying text, environment for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#flushleft">flushleft</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-left_002dto_002dright-mode">left-to-right mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
@@ -10487,19 +10807,24 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lining-text-up-in-tables">lining text up in tables</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lining-text-up-using-tab-stops">lining text up using tab stops</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-list-items_002c-specifying-counter">list items, specifying counter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cusecounter">\usecounter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-list-of-figures-file">list of figures file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-list-of-tables-file">list of tables file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lists-of-items">lists of items</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lists-of-items_002c-generic">lists of items, generic</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lists-of-items_002c-numbered">lists of items, numbered</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-loading-additional-packages">loading additional packages</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-log-file">log file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-log-file">log file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-logo_002c-LaTeX">logo, LaTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-logo_002c-LaTeX2e">logo, LaTeX2e</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-logo_002c-TeX">logo, TeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-low_002d9-quotation-marks_002c-single-and-double">low-9 quotation marks, single and double</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-low_002dlevel-font-commands">low-level font commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lR-mode">lR mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LuaTeX">LuaTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LR-mode">LR mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ltugboat-class"><code>ltugboat</code> class</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#tugboat-template">tugboat template</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LuaTeX">LuaTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_letter-M">M</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-macro-package_002c-LaTeX-as">macro package, LaTeX as</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-macron-accent">macron accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-macron-accent_002c-math">macron accent, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Madsen_002c-Lars">Madsen, Lars</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
@@ -10523,6 +10848,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-monospace-font">monospace font</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-moving-arguments">moving arguments</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-multicolumn-text">multicolumn text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">\twocolumn</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-multilingual-support">multilingual support</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-multind-package"><code>multind</code> package</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-multiplication-symbol_002c-discretionary-line-break">multiplication symbol, discretionary line break</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-miscellany">Math miscellany</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
@@ -10546,6 +10872,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-old_002dstyle-numerals">old-style numerals</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-one_002dcolumn-output">one-column output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005conecolumn">\onecolumn</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-opening-quote">opening quote</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-OpenType-fonts">OpenType fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-document-class">options, document class</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-global">options, global</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ordinals_002c-feminine-and-masculine">ordinals, feminine and masculine</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
@@ -10555,7 +10882,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-overview-of-LaTeX">overview of LaTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_letter-P">P</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-packages_002c-loading">packages, loading</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-packages_002c-loading-additional">packages, loading additional</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-page-break_002c-forcing">page break, forcing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak">\pagebreak &amp; \nopagebreak</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-page-break_002c-preventing">page break, preventing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak">\pagebreak &amp; \nopagebreak</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-page-breaking">page breaking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-breaking">Page breaking</a></td></tr>
@@ -10571,21 +10898,25 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paragraphs">paragraphs</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Making-paragraphs">Making paragraphs</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-parameters_002c-for-footnotes">parameters, for footnotes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnote-parameters">Footnote parameters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-parameters_002c-page-layout">parameters, page layout</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pdfTeX">pdfTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pdfTeX">pdfTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pdfTeX-engine">pdfTeX engine</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-period_002c-centered_002c-in-text">period, centered, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pict2e-package"><code>pict2e</code> package</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cline">\line</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pictures_002c-creating">pictures, creating</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#picture">picture</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pilcrow">pilcrow</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-placement-of-floats">placement of floats</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#figure">figure</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-poetry_002c-an-environment-for">poetry, an environment for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#verse">verse</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-polish-l">polish l</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Non_002dEnglish-characters">Non-English characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-portrait-orientation">portrait orientation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-postscript_002c-in-letters">postscript, in letters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cps">\ps</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pounds-symbol">pounds symbol</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-preamble_002c-defined">preamble, defined</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Starting-_0026-ending">Starting &amp; ending</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-preamble_002c-defined">preamble, defined</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Starting-and-ending">Starting and ending</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-predefined-lengths">predefined lengths</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Predefined-lengths">Predefined lengths</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-prompt_002c-_002a">prompt, &lsquo;<samp>*</samp>&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Command-line">Command line</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pronunciation">pronunciation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_letter-Q">Q</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-questionation-point_002c-upside_002ddown">questionation point, upside-down</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-question-mark_002c-upside_002ddown">question mark, upside-down</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-quotation-marks_002c-French">quotation marks, French</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-quote_002c-straight-base">quote, straight base</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-quoted-text-with-paragraph-indentation_002c-displaying">quoted text with paragraph indentation, displaying</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#quotation">quotation</a></td></tr>
@@ -10597,6 +10928,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ragged-right-text">ragged right text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005craggedright">\raggedright</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ragged-right-text_002c-environment-for">ragged right text, environment for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#flushleft">flushleft</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-redefining-environments">redefining environments</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment">\newenvironment &amp; \renewenvironment</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-references_002c-resolving-forward">references, resolving forward</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-registered-symbol">registered symbol</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-remarks-in-the-margin">remarks in the margin</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Marginal-notes">Marginal notes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-reporting-bugs">reporting bugs</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
@@ -10607,6 +10939,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-right-quote">right quote</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-right-quote_002c-double">right quote, double</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-right-quote_002c-single">right quote, single</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-right_002dhand-equation-numbers">right-hand equation numbers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-right_002djustifying-text">right-justifying text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005craggedleft">\raggedleft</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-right_002djustifying-text_002c-environment-for">right-justifying text, environment for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#flushright">flushright</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ring-accent">ring accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
@@ -10643,13 +10976,15 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-special-characters">special characters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Non_002dEnglish-characters">Non-English characters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-specifier_002c-float-placement">specifier, float placement</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#figure">figure</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-splitting-the-input-file">splitting the input file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Splitting-the-input">Splitting the input</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-starting-_0026-ending">starting &amp; ending</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Starting-_0026-ending">Starting &amp; ending</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-starting-_0026-ending">starting &amp; ending</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Starting-and-ending">Starting and ending</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-starting-a-new-page">starting a new page</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewpage">\newpage</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-starting-a-new-page-and-clearing-floats">starting a new page and clearing floats</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cclearpage">\clearpage</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-starting-on-a-right_002dhand-page">starting on a right-hand page</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005ccleardoublepage">\cleardoublepage</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sterling-symbol">sterling symbol</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-straight-double-quote_002c-base">straight double quote, base</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-straight-quote_002c-base">straight quote, base</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-stretch_002c-infinite-horizontal">stretch, infinite horizontal</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005chfill">\hfill</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-stretch_002c-infinite-vertical">stretch, infinite vertical</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cvfill">\vfill</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-stretch_002c-omitting-vertical">stretch, omitting vertical</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005craggedbottom">\raggedbottom</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-styles-of-text">styles of text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-styles_002c-page">styles, page</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-styles">Page styles</a></td></tr>
@@ -10660,6 +10995,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_letter-T">T</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tab-stops_002c-using">tab stops, using</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-table-of-contents-entry_002c-manually-adding">table of contents entry, manually adding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005caddcontentsline">\addcontentsline</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-table-of-contents-file">table of contents file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-table-of-contents_002c-creating">table of contents, creating</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Tables-of-contents">Tables of contents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tables_002c-creating">tables, creating</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#table">table</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-terminal-input_002foutput">terminal input/output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Terminal-input_002foutput">Terminal input/output</a></td></tr>
@@ -10675,11 +11011,14 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tilde-accent">tilde accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tilde-accent_002c-math">tilde accent, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tilde_002c-ASCII_002c-in-text">tilde, ASCII, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-title-page_002c-separate-or-run_002din">title page, separate or run-in</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-title-pages_002c-creating">title pages, creating</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#titlepage">titlepage</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-title_002c-for-titlepage">title, for titlepage</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-titles_002c-making">titles, making</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-trademark-symbol">trademark symbol</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-transcript-file">transcript file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-transcript-file">transcript file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TrueType-fonts">TrueType fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TUGboat-template">TUGboat template</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#tugboat-template">tugboat template</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-two_002dcolumn-output">two-column output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">\twocolumn</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-two_002dthirds-em_002ddash">two-thirds em-dash</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-typed-text_002c-simulating">typed text, simulating</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
@@ -10693,8 +11032,11 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-umlaut-accent">umlaut accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-underbar">underbar</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-underscore_002c-in-text">underscore, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Unicode-input_002c-native">Unicode input, native</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-unofficial-nature-of-this-manual">unofficial nature of this manual</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-unordered-lists">unordered lists</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-using-BibTeX">using BibTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Using-BibTeX">Using BibTeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-UTF_002d8">UTF-8</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_letter-V">V</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-variables_002c-a-list-of">variables, a list of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
@@ -10714,7 +11056,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-writing-external-files">writing external files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#filecontents">filecontents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_letter-X">X</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-XeTeX">XeTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-XeTeX">XeTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-xindy-program"><code>xindy</code> program</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
</table>
@@ -10786,21 +11128,23 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Concept Index</a>, U
<table><tr><th valign="top">Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-1"><b>$</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-2"><b>.</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-2"><b>-</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-3"><b>.</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-3"><b>1</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-4"><b>1</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-4"><b>@</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-5"><b>@</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-5"><b>[</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-6"><b>[</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-6"><b>\</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-7"><b>\</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-7"><b>^</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-8"><b>^</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-8"><b>_</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-9"><b>_</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-9"><b>{</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-10"><b>{</b></a>
&nbsp;
<br>
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_letter-A"><b>A</b></a>
@@ -10815,6 +11159,8 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Concept Index</a>, U
&nbsp;
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_letter-F"><b>F</b></a>
&nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_letter-H"><b>H</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_letter-I"><b>I</b></a>
&nbsp;
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_letter-L"><b>L</b></a>
@@ -10835,6 +11181,8 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Concept Index</a>, U
&nbsp;
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_letter-T"><b>T</b></a>
&nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_letter-U"><b>U</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_letter-V"><b>V</b></a>
&nbsp;
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_letter-X"><b>X</b></a>
@@ -10846,26 +11194,35 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Concept Index</a>, U
<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-1">$</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0024"><code>$</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-2">.</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eaux-file"><code>.aux <span class="roman">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002edvi-file"><code>.dvi <span class="roman">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002elog-file"><code>.log <span class="roman">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002epdf-file"><code>.pdf <span class="roman">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002etoc-file"><code>.toc <span class="roman">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Tables-of-contents">Tables of contents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-2">-</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d_002dhelp-command_002dline-option"><code>--help <span class="roman">command-line option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Command-line">Command line</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-3">.</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eaux-file"><code>.aux <span class="roman">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002edvi-file"><code>.dvi <span class="roman">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002elof-file"><code>.lof <span class="roman">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002elof-file-1"><code>.lof <span class="roman">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Tables-of-contents">Tables of contents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002elog-file"><code>.log <span class="roman">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002elot-file"><code>.lot <span class="roman">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002elot-file-1"><code>.lot <span class="roman">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Tables-of-contents">Tables of contents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002epdf-file"><code>.pdf <span class="roman">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002etex_002c-default-extension"><code>.tex, <span class="roman">default extension</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Command-line">Command line</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002etoc-file"><code>.toc <span class="roman">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002etoc-file-1"><code>.toc <span class="roman">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Tables-of-contents">Tables of contents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-3">1</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-4">1</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-10pt-option"><code>10pt <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-11pt-option"><code>11pt <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-12pt-option"><code>12pt <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-4">@</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-5">@</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0040_007b_002e_002e_002e_007d"><code>@{...}</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#array">array</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-5">[</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005b_002e_002e_002e_005d-for-optional-arguments"><code>[...] <span class="roman">for optional arguments</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-6">[</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005b_002e_002e_002e_005d-for-optional-arguments"><code>[...] <span class="roman">for optional arguments</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">LaTeX command syntax</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-6">\</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c-character-starting-commands"><code>\ <span class="roman">character starting commands</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-7">\</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c-character-starting-commands"><code>\ <span class="roman">character starting commands</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">LaTeX command syntax</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_0022-_0028umlaut-accent_0029"><code>\&quot; <span class="roman">(umlaut accent)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_0023"><code>\#</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reserved-characters">Reserved characters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_0024"><code>\$</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reserved-characters">Reserved characters</a></td></tr>
@@ -10890,7 +11247,7 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Concept Index</a>, U
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_003e"><code>\&gt;</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_003e-1"><code>\&gt;</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_003e-_0028tabbing_0029"><code>\&gt; <span class="roman">(tabbing)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_0040"><code>\@</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cAT">\AT</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_0040"><code>\@</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040">\@</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_0040fnsymbol"><code>\@fnsymbol</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Symbolic-footnotes">Symbolic footnotes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ca-_0028tabbing_0029"><code>\a <span class="roman">(tabbing)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ca_0027-_0028acute-accent-in-tabbing_0029"><code>\a' <span class="roman">(acute accent in tabbing)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
@@ -10960,7 +11317,6 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Concept Index</a>, U
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cboldmath"><code>\boldmath</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cbot"><code>\bot</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cbottomfraction"><code>\bottomfraction</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#figure">figure</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cbottomnumber"><code>\bottomnumber</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#figure">figure</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cbowtie"><code>\bowtie</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cBox"><code>\Box</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cbreve"><code>\breve</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
@@ -11032,8 +11388,8 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Concept Index</a>, U
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cdelta"><code>\delta</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cdepth"><code>\depth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Predefined-lengths">Predefined lengths</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cdet"><code>\det</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cdh-_0028ae_0029"><code>\dh (&aelig;)</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Non_002dEnglish-characters">Non-English characters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cDH-_0028AE_0029"><code>\DH (&AElig;)</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Non_002dEnglish-characters">Non-English characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cdh-_0028d_0029"><code>\dh (&eth;)</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Non_002dEnglish-characters">Non-English characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cDH-_0028D_0029"><code>\DH (&ETH;)</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Non_002dEnglish-characters">Non-English characters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cDiamond"><code>\Diamond</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cdiamond"><code>\diamond</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cdiamondsuit"><code>\diamondsuit</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
@@ -11186,6 +11542,7 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Concept Index</a>, U
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cLarge"><code>\Large</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cLARGE"><code>\LARGE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cLaTeX"><code>\LaTeX</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cLaTeXe"><code>\LaTeXe</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005clbrace"><code>\lbrace</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005clbrack"><code>\lbrack</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005clceil"><code>\lceil</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
@@ -11234,7 +11591,7 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Concept Index</a>, U
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005clor"><code>\lor</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005clq"><code>\lq</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmakebox"><code>\makebox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cmakebox">\makebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029"><code>\makebox (picture)</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029">\makebox (picture)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmakebox-_0028for-picture_0029"><code>\makebox <span class="roman">(for <code>picture</code>)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029">\makebox (picture)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmakeglossary"><code>\makeglossary</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glossaries">Glossaries</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmakeindex"><code>\makeindex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmakelabels"><code>\makelabels</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cmakelabels">\makelabels</a></td></tr>
@@ -11256,6 +11613,7 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Concept Index</a>, U
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmathversion"><code>\mathversion</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmax"><code>\max</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmbox"><code>\mbox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cmbox">\mbox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmbox_002c-and-LR-mode"><code>\mbox<span class="roman">, and LR mode</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmdseries"><code>\mdseries</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmedskip"><code>\medskip</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_005cmedskip-_005csmallskip">\bigskip \medskip \smallskip</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmedskipamount"><code>\medskipamount</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_005cmedskip-_005csmallskip">\bigskip \medskip \smallskip</a></td></tr>
@@ -11290,6 +11648,8 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Concept Index</a>, U
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cNG"><code>\NG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Non_002dEnglish-characters">Non-English characters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cni"><code>\ni</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnocite"><code>\nocite</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnocite">\nocite</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnocorr"><code>\nocorr</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnocorrlist"><code>\nocorrlist</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnofiles"><code>\nofiles</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Tables-of-contents">Tables of contents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnoindent"><code>\noindent</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnoindent">\noindent</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cnolinebreak"><code>\nolinebreak</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak">\linebreak &amp; \nolinebreak</a></td></tr>
@@ -11390,7 +11750,7 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Concept Index</a>, U
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005crm"><code>\rm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005crmfamily"><code>\rmfamily</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005croman"><code>\roman</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005croman-1"><code>\roman</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cRoman"><code>\Roman</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005crq"><code>\rq</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005crule"><code>\rule</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005crule">\rule</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cS"><code>\S</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
@@ -11545,11 +11905,9 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Concept Index</a>, U
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctop"><code>\top</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctopfraction"><code>\topfraction</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#figure">figure</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctopmargin"><code>\topmargin</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctopnumber"><code>\topnumber</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#figure">figure</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctopsep"><code>\topsep</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctopskip"><code>\topskip</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctotalheight"><code>\totalheight</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Predefined-lengths">Predefined lengths</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctotalnumber"><code>\totalnumber</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#figure">figure</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctriangle"><code>\triangle</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctriangleleft"><code>\triangleleft</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctriangleright"><code>\triangleright</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
@@ -11609,9 +11967,9 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Concept Index</a>, U
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cyear"><code>\year</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cday-_005cmonth-_005cyear">\day \month \year</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005czeta"><code>\zeta</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_005b"><code>\[</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028for-array_0029"><code>\\ (for <code>array</code>)</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#array">array</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028for-center_0029"><code>\\ (for <code>center</code>)</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#center">center</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028for-eqnarray_0029"><code>\\ (for <code>eqnarray</code>)</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028for-array_0029"><code>\\ <span class="roman">(for <code>array</code>)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#array">array</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028for-center_0029"><code>\\ <span class="roman">(for <code>center</code>)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#center">center</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028for-eqnarray_0029"><code>\\ <span class="roman">(for <code>eqnarray</code>)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028for-flushright_0029"><code>\\ (for <code>flushright</code>)</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#flushright">flushright</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028for-_005cshortstack-objects_0029"><code>\\ <span class="roman">(for <code>\shortstack</code> objects)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cshortstack">\shortstack</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028tabbing_0029"><code>\\ <span class="roman">(tabbing)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
@@ -11622,7 +11980,7 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Concept Index</a>, U
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-for-_005cauthor"><code>\\ <span class="roman">for <code>\author</code></span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-for-_005ctitle"><code>\\ <span class="roman">for <code>\title</code></span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-force-line-break"><code>\\ <span class="roman">force line break</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005c_005c">\\</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_005c_002a-_0028for-eqnarray_0029"><code>\\* (for <code>eqnarray</code>)</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_005c_002a-_0028for-eqnarray_0029"><code>\\* <span class="roman">(for <code>eqnarray</code>)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_005d"><code>\]</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_005e"><code>\^</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reserved-characters">Reserved characters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_005e-_0028circumflex-accent_0029"><code>\^ <span class="roman">(circumflex accent)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
@@ -11635,14 +11993,14 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Concept Index</a>, U
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_007e"><code>\~</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reserved-characters">Reserved characters</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_007e-_0028tilde-accent_0029"><code>\~ <span class="roman">(tilde accent)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-7">^</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-8">^</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005e"><code>^</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">Subscripts &amp; superscripts</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-8">_</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-9">_</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005f"><code>_</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">Subscripts &amp; superscripts</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-9">{</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_007b_002e_002e_002e_007d-for-required-arguments"><code>{...} <span class="roman">for required arguments</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-10">{</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_007b_002e_002e_002e_007d-for-required-arguments"><code>{...} <span class="roman">for required arguments</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">LaTeX command syntax</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_letter-A">A</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-a4paper-option"><code>a4paper <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
@@ -11654,39 +12012,51 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Concept Index</a>, U
<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_letter-B">B</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-b5paper-option"><code>b5paper <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-book-class"><code>book <span class="roman">class</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-classes">Document classes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bottomnumber"><code>bottomnumber</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#figure">figure</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_letter-C">C</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-center-environment"><code>center <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#center">center</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-clock-option-to-slides-class"><code>clock <span class="roman">option to <code>slides</code> class</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_letter-D">D</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dbltopnumber"><code>dbltopnumber</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#figure">figure</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-description-environment"><code>description <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#description">description</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-displaymath-environment"><code>displaymath <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#displaymath">displaymath</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-displaymath-environment-1"><code>displaymath <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-document-environment"><code>document <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#document">document</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-draft-option"><code>draft <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dvipdfmx-command"><code>dvipdfmx <span class="roman">command</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dvips-command"><code>dvips <span class="roman">command</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dvitype-command"><code>dvitype <span class="roman">command</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_letter-E">E</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-enumerate-environment"><code>enumerate <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eqnarray-environment"><code>eqnarray <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-equation-environment"><code>equation <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#equation">equation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-equation-environment-1"><code>equation <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-etex-command"><code>etex <span class="roman">command</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-executivepaper-option"><code>executivepaper <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_letter-F">F</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-figure"><code>figure</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#figure">figure</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-filecontents"><code>filecontents</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#filecontents">filecontents</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-final-option"><code>final <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-first_002dlatex_002ddoc-document"><code>first-latex-doc <span class="roman">document</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fleqn-option"><code>fleqn <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-flushleft-environment"><code>flushleft <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#flushleft">flushleft</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-flushright-environment"><code>flushright <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#flushright">flushright</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_letter-H">H</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-http_003a_002f_002fhome_002egna_002eorg_002flatexrefman-home-page"><code><a href="http://home.gna.org/latexrefman">http://home.gna.org/latexrefman</a> <span class="roman">home page</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_letter-I">I</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indexspace"><code>indexspace</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-itemize-environment"><code>itemize <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_letter-L">L</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-landscape-option"><code>landscape <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-latex-command"><code>latex <span class="roman">command</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-latex-command"><code>latex <span class="roman">command</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-latex_002ddoc_002dptr-document"><code>latex-doc-ptr <span class="roman">document</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-latexrefman_002ddiscuss_0040gna_002eorg-email-address"><code><a href="mailto:latexrefman-discuss@gna.org">latexrefman-discuss@gna.org</a> <span class="roman">email address</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-legalpaper-option"><code>legalpaper <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-leqno-option"><code>leqno <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
@@ -11696,7 +12066,8 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Concept Index</a>, U
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-list"><code>list</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lR-box"><code>lR box</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#picture">picture</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lrbox"><code>lrbox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#lrbox">lrbox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lualatex-command"><code>lualatex <span class="roman">command</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lshort-document"><code>lshort <span class="roman">document</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lualatex-command"><code>lualatex <span class="roman">command</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_letter-M">M</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-math-environment"><code>math <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#math">math</a></td></tr>
@@ -11714,7 +12085,7 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Concept Index</a>, U
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-openright-option"><code>openright <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_letter-P">P</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pdflatex-command"><code>pdflatex <span class="roman">command</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pdflatex-command"><code>pdflatex <span class="roman">command</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-picture"><code>picture</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#picture">picture</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-printindex"><code>printindex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
@@ -11738,34 +12109,42 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Concept Index</a>, U
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-theorem-environment"><code>theorem <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-titlepage-environment"><code>titlepage <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#titlepage">titlepage</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-titlepage-option"><code>titlepage <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-topnumber"><code>topnumber</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#figure">figure</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-totalnumber"><code>totalnumber</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#figure">figure</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-twocolumn-option"><code>twocolumn <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-twoside-option"><code>twoside <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_letter-U">U</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-usrguide-official-documentation"><code>usrguide <span class="roman">official documentation</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_letter-V">V</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-verbatim-environment"><code>verbatim <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-verse-environment"><code>verse <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#verse">verse</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_letter-X">X</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-xelatex-command"><code>xelatex <span class="roman">command</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-xdvi-command"><code>xdvi <span class="roman">command</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-xelatex-command"><code>xelatex <span class="roman">command</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
</table>
<table><tr><th valign="top">Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-1"><b>$</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-2"><b>.</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-2"><b>-</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-3"><b>1</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-3"><b>.</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-4"><b>@</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-4"><b>1</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-5"><b>[</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-5"><b>@</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-6"><b>\</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-6"><b>[</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-7"><b>^</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-7"><b>\</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-8"><b>_</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-8"><b>^</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-9"><b>{</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-9"><b>_</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-10"><b>{</b></a>
&nbsp;
<br>
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_letter-A"><b>A</b></a>
@@ -11780,6 +12159,8 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Concept Index</a>, U
&nbsp;
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_letter-F"><b>F</b></a>
&nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_letter-H"><b>H</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_letter-I"><b>I</b></a>
&nbsp;
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_letter-L"><b>L</b></a>
@@ -11800,6 +12181,8 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Concept Index</a>, U
&nbsp;
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_letter-T"><b>T</b></a>
&nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_letter-U"><b>U</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_letter-V"><b>V</b></a>
&nbsp;
<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_letter-X"><b>X</b></a>