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| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/kluwer/mouse.eps | 145 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/kluwer/sampkluw.ent | 14 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/kluwer/sampkluw.tex | 581 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/kluwer/sampopen.tex | 61 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/kluwer/usrman.ent | 9 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/kluwer/usrman.tex | 1652 |
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/kluwer/00readme b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/kluwer/00readme new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..acbe56defce --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/kluwer/00readme @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +00readme: this file + +kluwer.cls is the Kluwer class file for journal submissions. + +klunamed.bst is the Kluwer bibliography style for named references. +klunum.bst is a bibliography style for numbered references. + +klucite.sty, to be used in conjuction with klunum.bst, collapses +bibliographic citations such as [3,4,5] to [3--5]. Optional. + +klups.sty attempts to select Times for text and MathTime for math +instead of Computer Modern. Not required for journal submissions. + +kluwsrc.zip/kluwsrc.tgz contains the documented LaTeX sources of +kluwer.cls. These are NOT needed for journal submissions. + +usrman.tex, mouse.eps: sources for user manual. If compilation +fails, please print the PostScript version, usrman.ps, or download a +pdf version usrman.pdf from our website (www.wkap.nl, Author +Services, Journal Stylefiles/Templates). + +sampkluw.tex is a sample journal submission. + +sampopen.tex is an example of an elaborate opening environment. + +Principal changes in this version: + +- various bug fixes +- now compatible with the array- and dcolumn packages +- most components of the Kluwer package are now physically included + in kluwer.cls and no longer need to be loaded from separate files. + +------------------------------------------------------------------- +Siep Kroonenberg texhelp@wkap.nl +Kluwer Academic Publishers -- Pre Press -- +Achterom 119, 3311 KB Dordrecht, The Netherlands +------------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/kluwer/mouse.eps b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/kluwer/mouse.eps new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..709881df555 --- /dev/null +++ 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def +/Revision 0 def +% definition operators +/bdef {bind def} bind def +/ldef {load def} bdef +/xdef {exch def} bdef +% graphic state operators +/_K {3 index add neg dup 0 lt {pop 0} if 3 1 roll} bdef +/_k /setcmybcolor where +{/setcmybcolor get} {{1 sub 4 1 roll _K _K _K setrgbcolor pop} bind} ifelse def +/g {/_b xdef /p {_b setgray} def} bdef +/G {/_B xdef /P {_B setgray} def} bdef +/k {/_b xdef /_y xdef /_m xdef /_c xdef /p {_c _m _y _b _k} def} bdef +/K {/_B xdef /_Y xdef /_M xdef /_C xdef /P {_C _M _Y _B _k} def} bdef +/d /setdash ldef +/_i currentflat def +/i {dup 0 eq {pop _i} if setflat} bdef +/j /setlinejoin ldef +/J /setlinecap ldef +/M /setmiterlimit ldef +/w /setlinewidth ldef +% path construction operators +/_R {.25 sub round .25 add} bdef +/_r {transform _R exch _R exch itransform} bdef +/c {_r curveto} bdef +/C /c ldef +/v {currentpoint 6 2 roll _r curveto} bdef +/V /v ldef +/y {_r 2 copy curveto} bdef +/Y /y ldef +/l {_r lineto} bdef +/L /l ldef +/m {_r moveto} bdef +% 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+\documentclass{kluwer} % Specifies the document style. + +\newdisplay{guess}{Conjecture} + +\begin{document} +\begin{article} +\begin{opening} +\title{A Sample Document\thanks{Footnote + to the title with the `thanks' command.}} +\author{Leslie \surname{Lamport}} +\runningauthor{Leslie Lamport} +\runningtitle{A Sample Document} +\institute{Author's Affiliation} +\date{April 15, 1993} + +\begin{abstract} +This is a sample input file. Comparing it with the output it +generates can show you how to produce a simple document of +your own. +\end{abstract} +\keywords{sample, \LaTeX} + + +\end{opening} + +\section{Ordinary Text} + % Produces section heading. Lower-level + % sections are begun with similar + % \subsection and \subsubsection commands. + +The ends of words and sentences are marked + by spaces. It doesn't matter how many +spaces you type; one is as good as 100. The +end of a line counts as a space. + +One or more blank lines denote the end +of a paragraph. + +Since any number of consecutive spaces are treated like a single +one, the formatting of the input file makes no difference to + \TeX, % The \TeX command generates the TeX logo. +but it makes a difference to you. +When you use + \LaTeX, % The \LaTeX command generates the LaTeX logo. +making your input file as easy to read as possible +will be a great help as you write your document and when you +change it. This sample file shows how you can add comments to +your own input file. + +Because printing is different from typewriting, there are a +number of things that you have to do differently when preparing +an input file than if you were just typing the document directly. +Quotation marks like + ``this'' +have to be handled specially, as do quotes within quotes: + ``\,`this' % \, separates the double and single quote. + is what I just + wrote, not `that'\,''. + +Dashes come in three sizes: an + intra-word +dash, a medium dash for number ranges like + 1--2, +and a punctuation + dash---like +this. + +A sentence-ending space should be larger than the space between words +within a sentence. You sometimes have to type special commands in +conjunction with punctuation characters to get this right, as in the +following sentence. + Gnats, gnus, etc.\ % `\ ' makes an inter-word space. + all begin with G\@. % \@ marks end-of-sentence punctuation. +You should check the spaces after periods when reading your output to +make sure you haven't forgotten any special cases. +Generating an ellipsis + \ldots\ % `\ ' needed because TeX ignores spaces after + % command names like \ldots made from \ + letters. + % + % Note how a `%' character causes TeX to ignore the + % end of the input line, so these blank lines do not + % start a new paragraph. +with the right spacing around the periods +requires a special command. + +\TeX\ interprets some common characters as commands, so you must type +special commands to generate them. These characters include the +following: + \$ \& \% \# \{ and~\}. + +In printing, text is emphasized by using an + {\em italic\/} % The \/ command produces the tiny extra space that + % should be added between a slanted and a following + % unslanted letter. +type style. + +\begin{em} + A long segment of text can also be emphasized in this way. Text within + such a segment given additional emphasis + with\/ {\em Roman} + type. Italic type loses its ability to emphasize and become simply + distracting when used excessively. +\end{em} + +It is sometimes necessary to prevent \TeX\ from breaking a line where +it might otherwise do so. This may be at a space, as between the +``Mr.'' and ``Jones'' in + ``Mr.~Jones'', % ~ produces an unbreakable interword space. +or within a word---especially when the word is a symbol like + \mbox{\em itemnum\/} +that makes little sense when hyphenated across + lines. + + + + + +\TeX\ is good at typesetting mathematical formulas like + \( x-3y = 7 \) +or + \( a_{1} > x^{2n} / y^{2n} > x' \). +Remember that a letter like + $x$ % $ ... $ and \( ... \) are equivalent +is a formula when it denotes a mathematical symbol, and should +be treated as one. + + +\section{Notes} +Footnotes\footnote{This is an example of a footnote.} +pose no problem\footnote{And another one}. +Endnotes\endnote{This is an example of an endnote.} pose no +problem either\endnote{And another one.}. + +When using the {\sc kluwer} style file, you can produce endnotes +analogous to footnotes. Instead of the \LaTeX\ command \verb+\footnote{}+, +you can use \verb+\endnote{}+. The command \verb+\theendnotes+ can be used +to place the endnotes in the text. They will be put in a separate section in +the \verb+\footnotesize+ font. + + + +\section{Displayed Text} + +Text is displayed by indenting it from the left margin. +Quotations are commonly displayed. There are short quotations +\begin{quote} + This is a short a quotation. It consists of a + single paragraph of text. There is no paragraph + indentation. +\end{quote} +and longer ones. +\begin{quotation} + This is a longer quotation. It consists of two paragraphs + of text. The beginning of each paragraph is indicated + by an extra indentation. + + This is the second paragraph of the quotation. It is just + as dull as the first paragraph. +\end{quotation} +Another frequently-displayed structure is a list. +The following is an example of an {\em itemized} list, four levels deep. +\begin{itemize} +\item This is the first item of an itemized list. Each item + in the list is marked with a ``tick''. The document + style determines what kind of tick mark is used. +\item This is the second item of the list. It contains another + list nested inside it. The three inner lists are an {\em itemized} + list. + \begin{itemize} + \item This is the first item of an enumerated list that + is nested within the itemized list. + \item This is the second item of the inner list. \LaTeX\ + allows you to nest lists deeper than you really should. + \end{itemize} + This is the rest of the second item of the outer list. It + is no more interesting than any other part of the item. + \item This is the third item of the list. +\end{itemize} + + +The following is an example of an {\em enumerated} list, four levels deep. +\begin{enumerate} +\item This is the first item of an enumerated list. Each item + in the list is marked with a ``tick''. The document + style determines what kind of tick mark is used. +\item This is the second item of the list. It contains another + list nested inside it. The three inner lists are an {\em enumerated} + list. + \begin{enumerate} + \item This is the first item of an enumerated list that + is nested within the enumerated list. + \item This is the second item of the inner list. \LaTeX\ + allows you to nest lists deeper than you really should. + \end{enumerate} + This is the rest of the second item of the outer list. It + is no more interesting than any other part of the item. + \item This is the third item of the list. +\end{enumerate} + + +The following is an example of a {\em description} list. +\begin{description} +\item[Cow] Highly intelligent animal that can produce milk out of grass. +\item[Horse] Less intelligent animal renowned for its legs. +\item[Human being] Not so intelligent animal that thinks that it can think. +\end{description} + +You can even display poetry. +\begin{verse} + There is an environment for verse \\ % The \\ command separates lines + Whose features some poets will curse. % within a stanza. + + % One or more blank lines separate stanzas. + + For instead of making\\ + Them do {\em all\/} line breaking, \\ + It allows them to put too many words on a line when they'd + rather be forced to be terse. +\end{verse} + +Mathematical formulas may also be displayed. A displayed formula is +one-line long; multiline formulas require special formatting +instructions. + \[ x' + y^{2} = z_{i}^{2}\] +Don't start a paragraph with a displayed equation, nor make +one a paragraph by itself. + +Example of a theorem: + + +\begin{guess} +All conjectures are interesting, but some conjectures are more +interesting than others. +\end{guess} + + +\section{Tables and Figures} +Cross reference to labelled table: As you can see in Table~\ref{sphericcase} on +page~\pageref{sphericcase} and also in Table~\ref{parset} on page~\pageref{parset}. + + + + + +\begin{table} % +\begin{tabular}{lrl} +\hline +$Q_{s,\max}$ & [g/g DM h] & 0.18\\ +$K_{s}$ & [g/L] & 1.0\\ +$Y_{x/s}$ & [g DM/g] & 0.5\\ +$Y_{p/s}$ & [g/g] & 0.854\\ +$Q_{p,\max}$ & [g/g DM h] & 0.0045\\ +$\mu_{\rm crit}$ & [h$^{-1}$] & 0.01\\ +$k_{h}$ & [h$^{-1}$] & 0.002\\ +$m_{s}$ & [g/g DM h] & 0.025\\ +\hline +\end{tabular} +\caption[]{Parameter set used in the model of \shortcite{Bunt}}\label{parset} +\end{table} + +\begin{table*} +\caption[]{The spherical case ($I_1=0$, $I_2=0$).} +\label{sphericcase} +\begin{tabular}{crrrrc} +\hline +Equil. \\ +Points & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$x$} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$y$} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$z$} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$C$} & +S \\ +\hline +$~~L_1$ & $-$2.485252241 & 0.000000000 & 0.017100631 & 8.230711648 & U \\ +$~~L_2$ & 0.000000000 & 0.000000000 & 3.068883732 & 0.000000000 & S \\ +$~~L_3$ & 0.009869059 & 0.000000000 & 4.756386544 & $-$0.000057922 & U \\ +$~~L_4$ & 0.210589855 & 0.000000000 & $-$0.007021459 & 9.440510897 & U \\ +$~~L_5$ & 0.455926604 & 0.000000000 & $-$0.212446624 & 7.586126667 & U \\ +$~~L_6$ & 0.667031314 & 0.000000000 & 0.529879957 & 3.497660052 & U \\ +$~~L_7$ & 2.164386674 & 0.000000000 & $-$0.169308438 & 6.866562449 & U \\ +$~~L_8$ & 0.560414471 & 0.421735658 & $-$0.093667445 & 9.241525367 & U \\ +$~~L_9$ & 0.560414471 & $-$0.421735658 & $-$0.093667445 & 9.241525367 & U +\\ +$~~L_{10}$ & 1.472523232 & 1.393484549 & $-$0.083801333 & 6.733436505 & U \\ +$~~L_{11}$ & 1.472523232 & $-$1.393484549 & $-$0.083801333 & 6.733436505 & U +\\ \hline +\end{tabular} +\end{table*} + + +A major +point of difference lies in the value of the specific production rate $\pi$ for +large values of the specific growth rate $\mu$. +Already in the early publications \cite{Falzon87} +it appeared that high glucose +concentrations in the production phase are well correlated with a +low penicillin yield (the +`glucose effect'). It has been confirmed recently +\cite{Bunt,Cahour-thesis,BrownAndBurton,Carr-Goldstein} +that +high glucose concentrations inhibit the synthesis of the enzymes of the +penicillin pathway, but not the actual penicillin biosynthesis. +In other words, glucose represses (and not inhibits) the penicillin +biosynthesis. + +These findings do not contradict the results of +\citeauthor{Chin88-book} (on which \shortcite{Bunt} based their +production kinetics) and of \citeyear{ChinThesis} which were obtained for +continuous culture fermentations. +Because for high values of the specific +growth rate $\mu$ it is most likely (as shall be discussed below) that +maintenance metabolism occurs, it can be shown that +in steady state continuous culture conditions, and with $\mu$ described by a Monod kinetics +\begin{equation} + C_{s} = K_{M} \frac{\mu/\mu_{x}}{1-\mu/\mu_{x}} \label{cs} +\end{equation} +Pirt \& Rhigelato determined $\pi$ for $\mu$ between +$0.023$ and $0.086$ h$^{-1}$. +They also reported a value $\mu_{x} \approx 0.095$ +h$^{-1}$, so that for their experiments $\mu/\mu_{x}$ is in the range +of $0.24$ to $0.9$. +Substituting $K _M$ in Eq. (\ref{cs}) by +the value $K_{M}=1$ g/L as used by \cite{Bunt}, one finds +with the above equation $0.3 < C_{s} < 9$ g/L. This agrees well with +the work of \shortcite{Bunt}, who reported that penicillin biosynthesis +repression only occurs at glucose concentrations from $C_{s}=10$ g/L on. +The conclusion is that the glucose concentrations in the experiments of +Pirt \& Rhigelato probably were too low for glucose repression to be +detected. The experimental data published by Ryu \& Hospodka +are not detailed sufficiently to permit a similar analysis. + + + +\begin{table} +\caption[]{Parameter sets used by Bajpai \& Reu\ss\ } +\begin{tabular}{lrll} +\hline +\multicolumn{2}{l}{\it parameter} & {\it Set 1} & {\it Set 2}\\ +\hline +$\mu_{x}$ & [h$^{-1}$] & 0.092 & 0.11 \\ +$K_{x}$ & [g/g DM] & 0.15 & 0.006 \\ +$\mu_{p}$ & [g/g DM h] & 0.005 & 0.004 \\ +$K_{p}$ & [g/L] & 0.0002 & 0.0001 \\ +$K_{i}$ & [g/L] & 0.1 & 0.1 \\ +$Y_{x/s}$ & [g DM/g] & 0.45 & 0.47 \\ +$Y_{p/s}$ & [g/g] & 0.9 & 1.2 \\ +$k_{h}$ & [h$^{-1}$] & 0.04 & 0.01 \\ +$m_{s}$ & [g/g DM h] & 0.014 & 0.029 \\ +\hline +\end{tabular} +\end{table} + +Bajpai \& Reu\ss\ decided to disregard the +differences between time constants for the two regulation mechanisms +(glucose repression or inhibition) because of the +relatively very long fermentation times, and therefore proposed a Haldane +expression for $\pi$. + +It is interesting that simulations with the \cite{Bunt} model for the +initial conditions given by these authors indicate that, when the +remaining substrate is fed at a constant rate, a considerable and +unrealistic amount of penicillin is +produced when the glucose concentration is still very high \cite{CarberryCL88} +Simulations with the Bajpai \& Reu\ss\ model correctly predict almost +no penicillin production in similar conditions. + + +The maintenance coefficient used by \cite{Bunt} +($m_{s}=0.025$ g/g DM h) corresponds well to +the value $m_{s}=0.029$ g/g DM h (Set 2 of \cite{BuchananRBES}), to the +value $m_{s}=0.024$ g/g DM h reported by \citeauthor{MMI2-d3}, and to the +value used by \shortcite{CawseyIJMMS} ($m_{s}=0.022$ g/g DM h) (1983). +However, these values differ from the value in Set 1 of +\cite{BuchananRBES} ($m_{s}=0.014$ g/g DM h). +It is not clear where this difference originated from. +Simulations indicated that the dynamic behaviour of the model is rather +sensitive with respect to the value of $m_{s}$. + +In the model van \shortcite{Bunt}, at severe substrate limitation conditions, and thus most probably corresponding +to endogenous metabolic behaviour, the biomass consumption due to maintenance +and production requirements may exceed the conversion of substrate into +biomass and $\mu$ eventually may become negative. This situation may occur at +the end of the growth phase during a fed-batch fermentation. +For these conditions $\pi$ is not defined. A +straightforward extension of the $\pi(\mu)$ kinetics (10) +could be $\pi(\mu \leq 0)=0$, but there +are some biochemical indications that +the penicillin biosynthesis actually does not stop in that case. + +\begin{figure} % figuur 1 +\vspace{6pc} +\caption[]{Pathway of the penicillin G biosynthesis.} +\label{penG} +\end{figure} + +Sample of cross-reference to figure. +Figure~\ref{penG} shows that is not easy to get something on paper. + + + +\section{Headings} + +\subsection{Subsection} +based their model on balancing methods and +biochemical know\-ledge. The original model (1980) contained an equation for the +oxygen dynamics which has been omitted in a second paper +(1981). This simplified model shall be discussed here. + +\subsubsection{Subsubsection} +\cite{Carr-Goldstein,Cohen-Jones88-book} +based their model on balancing methods and +biochemical know\-ledge. The original model (1980) contained an equation for the +oxygen dynamics which has been omitted in a second paper +(1981). This simplified model shall be discussed here. + +\paragraph{Paragraph.} +\cite{Carr-Goldstein,Cohen-Jones88-book} +based their model on balancing methods and +biochemical know\-ledge. The original model (1980) contained an equation for the +oxygen dynamics which has been omitted in a second paper +(1981). This simplified model shall be discussed here. + +\subparagraph{Subparagraph.} +\cite{Carr-Goldstein,Cohen-Jones88-book} +based their model on balancing methods and +biochemical know\-ledge. The original model (1980) contained an equation for the +oxygen dynamics which has been omitted in a second paper +(1981). This simplified model shall be discussed here. + + + +\section{Equations and the Like} + +Two equations: +\begin{equation} + C_{s} = K_{M} \frac{\mu/\mu_{x}}{1-\mu/\mu_{x}} \label{ccs} +\end{equation} + +and + +\begin{equation} + G = \frac{P_{\rm opt} - P_{\rm ref}}{P_{\rm ref}} \mbox{\ }100 \mbox{\ }(\%) +\end{equation} + +Two equation arrays: + +\begin{eqnarray} + \frac{dS}{dt} & = & - \sigma X + s_{F} F\\ + \frac{dX}{dt} & = & \mu X\\ + \frac{dP}{dt} & = & \pi X - k_{h} P\\ + \frac{dV}{dt} & = & F +\end{eqnarray} + +and, + +\begin{eqnarray} + \mu_{\rm substr} & = & \mu_{x} \frac{C_{s}}{K_{x}C_{x}+C_{s}} \\ + \mu & = & \mu_{\rm substr} - Y_{x/s}(1-H(C_{s}))(m_{s}+\pi /Y_{p/s}) \\ + \sigma & = & \mu_{\rm substr}/Y_{x/s}+ H(C_{s}) (m_{s}+ \pi /Y_{p/s}) +\end{eqnarray} + + +\section{References in the THEBIBLIOGRAPHY Environment} +The first reference in the list below has the key \{BrownAndBurton\}. +Together with the bibitem option $\backslash$citeauthoryear\{Brown and +Burton\}\{1978\} the follwing cross-references can be used:\\ +$\backslash$cite\{BrownAndBurton\} produces: \cite{BrownAndBurton}\\ +$\backslash$shortcite\{BrownAndBurton\} produces: \shortcite{BrownAndBurton}\\ +$\backslash$citeauthor\{BrownAndBurton\} produces: \citeauthor{BrownAndBurton}\\ +$\backslash$citeyear\{BrownAndBurton\} produces: \citeyear{BrownAndBurton}\\ + + +\appendix + +And this is my Appendix. + + +\acknowledgements +And this is an acknowledgements section with a heading that was produced by the +$\backslash$acknowledgements command. Thank you all for helping me writing this +\LaTeX\ sample file. + +% The endnotes section will be placed here. + +\theendnotes + +\begin{thebibliography}{} + +\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Brown and Burton}{1978}]{BrownAndBurton} +Brown, J.~S. and R.~R. Burton. +\newblock {Diagnostic Models for Procedural Bugs in Basic Mathematical Skills}. +\newblock {\em Cognitive Science}, 2(2):155--192, 1978. + +\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Buchanan}{1984}]{BuchananRBES} +Buchanan, B.~G. and E.~H. Shortliffe. +\newblock {\em Rule-Based Expert Systems: The MYCIN Experiments of the Stanford + Heuristic Programming Project}. +\newblock Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1984. + +\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Bunt}{1990}]{Bunt} +Bunt, H.~C. +\newblock {Modular Incremental Modelling of Belief and Intention}. +\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on User + Modeling}, 1990. + +\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Cahour}{1990}]{Cahour-90-Montreal} +Cahour, B. +\newblock {Competence Modelling in Consultation Dialogs}. +\newblock In L.~Berlinguet and D.~Berthelette, editors, {\em Proceedings of the + International Congress, Work With Dispay Units' 89}, Montreal, Canada, + September 1990. North Holland, Amsterdam. + +\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Cahour}{1988}]{Cahour-thesis} +Cahour, B. +\newblock {\em {La Mod\'elisation de l'Interlocuteur: Elaboration du Mod\`ele + et Effets au Cours de Dialogues de Consultation}}. +\newblock PhD thesis, Universit\'e Paris 8, France, 1991. +\newblock Cognitive psychology PhD. + +\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Carberry}{1988}]{CarberryCL88} +Carberry, S.~M. +\newblock {Modeling the User's Plans and Goals}. +\newblock {\em Computational Linguistics}, 14(3):23--37, September 1988. + +\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Carbonell}{1970}]{CarbonellScholar} +Carbonell, J.~R. +\newblock {AI in CAI: An Artificial Intelligence Approach to Computer-Aided + Instruction}. +\newblock {\em IEEE Transactions on Man-Machine Systems}, 11:190--202, 1970. + +\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Carr and Goldstein}{1977}]{Carr-Goldstein} +Carr, B. and I.~Goldstein. +\newblock {Overlays: A Theory of Modelling for Computed Aided Instruction}. +\newblock AI Memo 406, 1977. + +\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Cawsey}{(in press)}]{CawseyIJMMS} +Cawsey, A. +\newblock {Planning Interactive Explanations}. +\newblock {\em International Journal of Man-Machine Studies}, in press. + +\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Chandrasekaran and Swartout}{1991}]{chandra-swartout} +Chandrasekaran, B. and William Swartout. +\newblock {Explanations in Knowledge Systems: The Role of Explicit + Representation of Design Knowledge}. +\newblock {\em IEEE Expert}, 6(3):47--50, June 1991. + +\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Chappel and Cahour}{1991}]{MMI2-d3} +Chappel, H. and B. Cahour. +\newblock {User Modeling for Multi-Modal Co-Operative Dialogue with KBS}. +\newblock Deliverable D3, Esprit Project P2474, 1991. + +\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Chin}{1987}]{ChinThesis} +Chin, D.~N. +\newblock {\em Intelligent Agents as a Basis for Natural Language Interfaces}. +\newblock PhD thesis, University of California at Berkeley, 1987. + +\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Chin}{1989}]{Chin88-book} +Chin, D.~N. +\newblock {KNOME}: {M}odeling {W}hat the {U}ser {K}nows in {UC}. +\newblock In Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster, editors, {\em User Models in + Dialog Systems}. Springer-Verlag, Symbolic Computation Series, Berlin + Heidelberg New York Tokyo, 1989. + +\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Cohen and Jones}{1989}]{Cohen-Jones88-book} +Cohen, R. and M. Jones. +\newblock {Incorporating User Models into Expert Systems for Educational + Diagnosis}. +\newblock In Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster, editors, {\em User Models in + Dialog Systems}, pages 35 -- 51. Springer-Verlag, Symbolic Computation + Series, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, 1989. + +\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Falzon}{1987}]{Falzon87} +Falzon, P. +\newblock {Les Dialogues de Diagnostic: L'\'evaluation des Connaissances de + l'Interlocuteur}. +\newblock Technical Report 747, INRIA, Rocquencourt, France, 1987. + +\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Finin et al.}{1986}]{FininJoshiWebber} +Finin, T.~W., A.~K. Joshi, and B.~L. Webber. +\newblock {Natural Language Interactions with Artificial Experts}. +\newblock {\em Proceedings of the IEEE}, 74(7), July 1986. + +\end{thebibliography} +\end{article} +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/kluwer/sampopen.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/kluwer/sampopen.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ae22cec31f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/kluwer/sampopen.tex @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +\documentclass{kluwer} +\begin{document} +\begin{article} +\begin{opening} +\title{The `Kluwer' LaTeX Style File:\\ + An example \texttt{opening} environment\thanks{Donald Knuth}} +\subtitle{Basic Instructions} + +\author{A. \surname{Thor1}\email{thor@wkap.nl}} +\author{B. \surname{Thor2}\thanks{Partially support...}} +\institute{KAP} +\author{C. \surname{Thor3}} +\institute{} + +%\date: rather not + +\dedication{To Jim} + +\translation{De Kluwer LaTeX stylefile; aanwijzingen voor auteurs} + +\runningtitle{De Kluwer LaTeX stylefile} +\runningauthor{Thor1 e.a.} + +\begin{ao} +Kluwer Prepress Department\\ +P.O. Box 990\\ +3300 AZ Dordrecht\\ +The Netherlands +\end{ao} + +\begin{motto} +What can't be done with TeX isn't worth doing. +\end{motto} + +\begin{abstract} +This document describes how to format a paper with +\texttt{kluwer.cls}, the Kluwer +classfile for journal submissions. +\end{abstract} + +\keywords{LaTeX, Kluwer, Journal submissions} + +\abbreviations{\abbrev{KAP}{Kluwer Academic Publishers}; + \abbrev{compuscript}{Electronically submitted article}} + +\nomenclature{\nomen{KAP}{Kluwer Academic Publishers}; + \nomen{compuscript}{Electronically submitted article}} + +\classification{JEL codes}{D24, L60, 047} +\end{opening} +\section{A heading} +Some text. +\newpage +\section{A heading} +Some text. +\newpage +\section{A heading} +Some text. +\newpage +\end{article} +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/kluwer/usrman.ent b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/kluwer/usrman.ent new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..215581b5b7a --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/kluwer/usrman.ent @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +\@doanendnote {1} +macro:->Here +is +an +example +of +an +endnote +\@endanendnote diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/kluwer/usrman.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/kluwer/usrman.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0515c49f37c --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/kluwer/usrman.tex @@ -0,0 +1,1652 @@ +% This document requires LaTeX2e. +% If you have trouble compiling this document, please use +% the included PostScript version, or download the pdf version. +% +\documentclass[namedreferences]{kluwer} + +\usepackage{klups} +% klups.sty selects Times as text font. If this document doesn't +% compile, you may comment out this line. + +\usepackage[dvips]{graphicx} +% if you use a different dvi-driver, the graphics in this document +% may not print. + +\setcounter{tocdepth}{1} +\marginparwidth=0pt +\vbadness=5000 +%\ifdef\textcopyright\else\let\textcopyright=\copyright \fi +\hfuzz=30pt +\parindent 2em +\def\Bs{\char92} +\def\BibTeX{\textsc{Bib}\TeX} +\usepackage{makeidx} +\def\indexname{Index} +\makeindex +\newcommand{\Pindex}[1]{\index{Packages!#1}\index{#1 package}} +\newcommand{\Eindex}[1]{\index{Environments!#1}\index{#1 environment}} +\newcommand{\Oindex}[1]{\index{Options!#1}\index{#1 option}} +\newcommand{\Cindex}[1]{\index{#1@\texttt{\Bs #1}}} +\newcommand{\dbr}{\discretionary{}{}{}} +\begin{document} +%\typeout{^^J*** Kluwer Academic Publishers - prepress department^^J*** +% Documentation for \filename, dated \filedate, version \fileversion} +\begin{article} + + +\begin{opening} +\title{User manual for {\tt kluwer.cls}} +\subtitle{Instructions for authors} +\author{Prepress \surname{Deparment}\email{texhelp@wkap.nl}\thanks{This + e-mail address is available for all problems and questions.}} +\runningauthor{Kluwer Academic Publishers} +\runningtitle{User Manual} +\institute{Kluwer Academic Publishers, Achterom 119, + 3311 KB Dordrecht, The Netherlands} +\begin{ao}\\ +KLUWER~ACADEMIC~PUBLISHERS PrePress Department,\\ +P.O.~Box~17, 3300~AA~~Dordrecht, The~Netherlands\\ +e-mail: TEXHELP@WKAP.NL\\ +Fax: +31 78 6392500 +\end{ao} +\date{\filedate} + + +\begin{abstract} +This is the user manual for the {\tt kluwer.cls} class file for the +preparation of articles to be submitted to journals. It is based on +the same set of macros as the class files which Kluwer uses for the +typesetting of its journals. The {\tt kluwer.cls} class file is +similar in use as the {\tt article} class file of \LaTeXe, but it +has some extra fields in the preamble and some extended commands +for the main text. +\end{abstract} +% +% +\keywords{\LaTeXe, (electronic) submission, user manual, class file, Kluwer} +\abbreviations{\abbrev{KAP}{Kluwer Academic Publishers}; + \abbrev{compuscript}{Electronically submitted article}} + +\end{opening} + +{\footnotesize\tableofcontents} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\section{Introduction} + +The {\tt kluwer} class file is the general style file for submitting +an article in \LaTeXe\ for publication in one of the journals of +Kluwer Academic Publishers. + +The \LaTeX\ class files for typesetting Kluwer journals are based on +a common set of underlying macros; the same macros underly this +class file. So, in theory at least, conversion of your submission to +a journal class file should be trivial. + +\subsection{Using other packages} + +Please try to limit your use of additional packages. They frequently +introduce incompatibilities. This problem is not specific to +the Kluwer styles, it is a general \LaTeX\ problem. Check this +manual whether the required functionality is already provided by +the Kluwer class file. If you do need third-party packages, send them +along with the paper. Also check the log file whether additional files +and packages are loaded by those packages and send them too. + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\section {The opening} + +Although you may be able to include the body of your paper with few +or no +changes, the opening is specific to the Kluwer class files. This is +the structure of a paper: + +{\small +\begin{verbatim} +\documentclass[options]{kluwer} + +<package declarations> +<your own macros and preamble commands> + +\begin{document} +\begin{article} + +\begin{opening} +<opening commands> +\end{opening} + +<body of your paper> + +\end{article} +\end{document} +\end{verbatim} +} +It is possible to include several \texttt{article} +environments into one paper. For an edited volume, one can also +place a \texttt{frontmatter} environment before the \texttt{article} +environments. + +\medskip\noindent +The opening environment should look like this: + +{\small +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{opening} +\end{verbatim} +\noindent \% Title block: +\begin{verbatim} +\title{...} +\subtitle{...} +\end{verbatim} +\noindent \% Author block [repeatable]: +\begin{verbatim} +\author{...\surname{...}\email{...}} +\author{...\surname{...}\email{...}} +\institute{...} +\end{verbatim} +\noindent \% Extra information: +\begin{verbatim} +\dedication{...} +\translation{...} +\runningtitle{...} +\runningauthor{...} +\begin{ao} +.... +\end{ao} +\begin{motto} +.... +\end{motto} +\end{verbatim} +\noindent \% Abstracts and keywords: +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{abstract} +... +\end{abstract} +\keywords{...} +\abbreviations{\abbrev{...}{...}; + \abbrev{...}{...}} +\nomenclature{\nomen{...}{...}; \nomen{...}{...}} +\classification{...}{...} +\end{opening} +\end{verbatim} +\par} \noindent +These commands should be used only within the \texttt{opening} environment. +Most of them will produce an error if used somewhere else in your +document. Below, we shall describe them in detail. Their order +is not fixed. They are +executed by \verb+\end{opening}+, without regard to their location within +the \texttt{opening} environment (with an exception for the author block, +please see below for details). Anything that is not within a command +will end up being typeset {\it before\/} the `real' contents of the +environment, so be careful to only use the commands given here. + +Now let us explain the commands in more detail. + +\subsection{Title and Subtitle} + +\Cindex{title} +\Cindex{subtitle} +The title and, if necessary, subtitle should be typed in one of +the following two styles of capitalisation: + +\begin{trivlist} +\item[] {\tt \Bs title\{This is my title\}} \qquad \rm One initial capital \\ +{\tt \Bs title\{This Is My Title\}} \qquad \rm Initial capitals +\end{trivlist} + +\noindent +This has to be done according to the style of the journal in which your +article is to be published. Uppercasing will be done by the stylefile if +necessary. A missing \texttt{\Bs title} command generates an error message. + +\Cindex{\Bs}You can split the typeset title and subtitle over multiple lines +by putting two backslashes at an appropriate place, +\Cindex{thanks}\index{Footnotes!to title} +and you can specify footnotes to the title by use of the +\texttt{\Bs thanks} +command. The specified text will be placed at the bottom of the +page as a footnote. + +An example of a title block could look like this: +\begin{verbatim} +\title{The `Kluwer' LaTeX Style File:\\ + Instructions for Authors\thanks{Donald Knuth}} +\subtitle{Basic Instructions} +\end{verbatim} + +\subsection{Author block} + +\Cindex{author} +\Cindex{institute} +The author block consists of one or more authors followed +by an institute. This construction may be used more than one time. +A typical `large' author block would look like this: +\begin{verbatim} +\author{A. \surname{Thor1}\email{thor@wkap.nl}} +\author{B. \surname{Thor2}\thanks{Partially supported...}} +\institute{KAP} +\author{C. \surname{Thor3}} +\institute{} +\end{verbatim} + +\noindent \Cindex{surname} As you can see, the surname of the author +is given within a separate command, \texttt{\Bs surname}. This makes +it easier for us to extract database information from the \LaTeX\ +file. It has no influence on the way the author's name is typeset. + +\Cindex{thanks}\index{Footnotes!to author} +You can specify support acknowledgements etc. by use of the +\texttt{\Bs thanks} command. + +\Cindex{email} +If the author has an email address that looks like it will last +for at least the time between submission and publication, you +can give the address in the \verb+\email+ command either after the +surname of the author or in the \verb+\institute+ command. +It will be typeset in +small typewriter font within brackets. + +The specification for the author block is a bit more complicated +than the rest of the opening environment. Please +take note of the following restrictions: +\begin{enumerate} +\item Order is important for all \verb+\author+ and \verb+\institute+ commands. + They will be typeset in the same ordering as found in your + input file. +\item \verb+\thanks+\Cindex{thanks\space(to author)} can only be used as + the very last item in the \verb+\author+ + command. If you make a mistake, you will get a quite incomprehensible + \TeX\ error message. +\item The list of authors {\it has} to end with an institute. If there + are authors that are not part of any institute, give an empty command + as demonstrated above. If you don't, that author's name will {\it not} + be typeset. +\item \index{Overfull lines} Sometimes the class file may fail to find + a good place to break a line containing multiple authors. If this happens, + you can insert\Cindex{\Bs} + two backslashes (\verb+\\+) yourself to force a line break + after an author's name or email address (It + will {\it not} work if the two backslashes are the + first characters within \verb+\author+. In this + case there will be a \LaTeX\ error {\tt`No line to end'}). +\end{enumerate} + +\subsection{Extra information} + +These commands give some extra information about the article. + +\subsubsection{Dedicated and translated articles} + +\Cindex{dedication} +\Cindex{translation} +You can use the commands \verb+\dedication+ and \verb+\translation+ to give +extra information about your article. The commands help by inserting +the correct amount of space above and below your text. + +\subsubsection{Running heads} + +{\sloppy \Cindex{runningtitle} +You can create a running title (used on odd pages) +by using the \verb+\runningtitle{}+ command, where you put +the (maybe shortened) title between the curly braces, +\Cindex{runningauthor} +and you can create a running author line (used on even pages) using the +analogous \verb+\runningauthor+ command.\par} + +Both of these commands may be used in strange ways by \LaTeX, so try to +keep the information short enough to fit in the headline, and try to use +only plain text. For instance, don't try to force line breaks in the +running title, and don't insert \verb+\label+s. + +\subsubsection{Address for correspondence} + +\Eindex{ao} +\Eindex{article} +The environment \texttt{ao} can be used to give an address for correspondence +or offprints. +The contents of this environment will be typeset at the end of the +article environment +(an example is given in this document on page~\pageref{lastpage}). The +exact phrasing of the leading text depends on the stylefile, so it may +change later here at Kluwer. + + +\subsection{Abstracts and keywords} + +\Eindex{abstract} +The \texttt{abstract} environment is used to give a short description of +the article. + +\Cindex{keywords} +The \verb+\keywords+ command gives a list of keywords. These should be +separated with commas. + +\Cindex{abbreviations} +\Cindex{abbrev} +The \verb+\abbreviations+ command allows to give a list of +abbreviations used. It defines a sub-command \verb+\abbrev+ with two +arguments, of which the first is the abbreviation and the +second the meaning. The exact layout will once again depend +on the used stylefile. + +Here is the example from the beginning of this document: +\begin{verbatim} +\abbreviations{\abbrev{KAP}{Kluwer Academic Publishers}; + \abbrev{compuscript}{Electronically submitted article}} +\end{verbatim} + +\Cindex{nomenclature} +\Cindex{nomen}\noindent +The command \verb+\nomenclature+ is closely related to \verb+\abbreviations+. +It takes one argument subdivided into \verb+\nomen+ parts. The above +example gives the correct syntax. For both environments it +is legal to have text outside of \verb+\abbrev+ respectively +\verb+\nomen+, in which +case it will just be typeset as flushed text, and you have to provide +additional formatting yourself. This is discouraged. + + +\Cindex{classification} +The command \verb+\classification+ takes two arguments, the first +describing the type of the classification, the second the classification +proper. An example might be: + +\begin{verbatim} +\classification{JEL codes}{D24, L60, 047} +\end{verbatim} + + +\subsection{Date} + +\Cindex{date} +By using the \verb+\date+ command, it is possible to specify reception and +acception dates. Since this is something that the journal's +editor enters, the default value when no \verb+\date+ command is given +is to insert a template line that allows easy fill-in of this +information. You are advised not to use this command. + + +\subsection{Motto} + +When you want to specify a piece of poetry or a quotation to +specify a motto to your article, you can use the \texttt{motto}\Eindex{motto} +environment. You can differentiate between prose and poetry. +If you are using prose, give an extra option to the environment: +\texttt{[prose]} + +Here is an example: +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{motto}[prose] +The only thing that never looks right is a rule. +There is not in existence a page with a rule on it +that cannot be instantly and obviously improved +by taking the rule out. + +\rightline{George Bernard Shaw, In {\it The Dolphin} (1940)} +\end{motto} +\end{verbatim} +\Cindex{rightline} + +\subsection{Example} + +An example of an elaborate \texttt{opening} environment: +{\small +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{opening} +\title{The `Kluwer' LaTeX Style File:\\ + Instructions for Authors\thanks{With thanks to Donald Knuth}} +\subtitle{Basic Instructions} + +\author{A. \surname{Thor1}\email{thor@wkap.nl}} +\author{B. \surname{Thor2}\thanks{Partially supported...}} +\institute{KAP} +\author{C. \surname{Thor3}} +\institute{} + +%\date: rather not + +\dedication{To Jim} + +\translation{De Kluwer LaTeX stylefile; aanwijzingen voor auteurs} + +\runningtitle{De Kluwer LaTeX stylefile} +\runningauthor{Hoekwater e.a.} + +\begin{ao}\\ +Kluwer Prepress Department\\ +P.O. Box 990\\ +3300 AZ Dordrecht\\ +The Netherlands +\end{ao} + +\begin{motto} +What can't be done with TeX isn't worth doing. +\end{motto} + +\begin{abstract} +This document describes how to format a paper with +\texttt{kluwer.cls}, the Kluwer +class file for journal submissions. +\end{abstract} + +\keywords{LaTeX, Kluwer, Journal submissions} + +\abbreviations{\abbrev{KAP}{Kluwer Academic Publishers}; + \abbrev{compuscript}{Electronically submitted article}} + +\nomenclature{\nomen{KAP}{Kluwer Academic Publishers}; + \nomen{compuscript}{Electronically submitted article}} + +\classification{JEL codes}{D24, L60, 047} +\end{opening} +\end{verbatim} +\par} +\noindent Here ends the description of the \texttt{opening} environment. + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\section{Mathematical constructs} + +As already indicated, the Kluwer class file offers additional +functionality be\-yond what the standard LaTeX \texttt{article} style +provides. This section gives an overview of the additional +mathematical constructs that are supported. + +\subsection{Symbols} + +The class file attempts to load two packages \Pindex{amssymb} +\texttt{amssymb} and \Pindex{wasysym}\texttt{wasysym}. These support +additional symbols. +There will be no error if they are not available. + +All of the commands for symbols from these packages will +of course be available. Additionally, there are +some commands defined in \texttt{klumac.sty}. A short overview +is given in Table~\ref{figsym}.\footnote{% + Some of these commands actually use the AMS fonts. + This means that if you do not have these fonts, the + commands will fail with a `missing font..' error.} + +Please see the documentation for \texttt{amssymb} and \texttt{wasysym} +for the additional symbols these packages provide (most of \texttt{amssymb} is +also documented in~\cite{goossens}). + +\begin{table} +\small +\begin{tabular*}{\maxfloatwidth}{llll}\hline +$\I $&\verb+$\I$+ & $\down{a}$ &\verb+$\down{a}$+ \\ +$\Res{a}$ &\verb+$\Res{a}$+ & $\dres$ &\verb+$\dres$+ \\ +$\bigo{a}$ &\verb+$\bigo{a}$+ & $\forces $&\verb+$\forces$+ \\ +$\concat $&\verb+$\concat$+ & $\grlo $&\verb+$\grlo$+ \\ +$\dC$ &\verb+$\dC$+ & $\gsim $&\verb+$\gsim$+ \\ +$\dE$ &\verb+$\dE$+ & $\iduaal$ &\verb+$\iduaal$+ \\ +$\dF $&\verb+$\dF$+ & $\lh$ &\verb+$\lh$+ \\ +$\dL $&\verb+$\dL$+ & $\logr$ &\verb+$\logr$+ \\ +$\dN $&\verb+$\dN$+ & $\lsim$ &\verb+$\lsim$+ \\ +$\dP$ &\verb+$\dP$+ & $\mapdown{a}$&\verb+$\mapdown{a}$+\\ +$\dQ$ &\verb+$\dQ$+ & $\mapright{a}$&\verb+$\mapright{a}$+\\ +$\dR$ &\verb+$\dR$+ & $\nequiv $&\verb+$\nequiv$+ \\ +$\dZ $&\verb+$\dZ$+ & $\oast$ &\verb+$\oast$+ \\ +$\depth $&\verb+$\depth$+ & $\range $&\verb+$\range$+ \\ +$\diamond$ &\verb+$\diamond$+ & $\res$ &\verb+$\res$+ \\ +$\dom$ &\verb+$\dom$+ & $\restrict $&\verb+$\restrict$+ \\ \hline +\end{tabular*} +\caption[]{Additional math symbols made available through \texttt{kluwer.cls}} +\label{figsym} +\end{table} + +\subsection{Subequation environment} + +A subequation environment is available to create equations with +sub-numbering of the equation counter. It takes one (optional) +argument, that +specifies the way that the sub-counter should be typeset. + +Possible options are: + +\begin{trivlist} +\item\begin{TABULAR}{@{}lrl} +alph & (1a) & This is the default.\\ +Alph & (1A) & Uppercase\\ +arabic & (1.1) & Arabic numbers. +\end{TABULAR}\label{subeq} +\end{trivlist} + +\noindent \emph{e.g.} + +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{subequation}[alph] +\begin{equation} +E = mc^2 +\end{equation} +\begin{equation} +x^2 + y^2 = 1 +\end{equation} +\end{subequation} +\end{verbatim} +\label{sub} +producing +\begin{subequation}[alph] +\begin{equation} +E = mc^2 +\end{equation} +\begin{equation} +x^2 + y^2 = 1 +\end{equation} +\end{subequation} +You can also put an \texttt{eqnarray} environment inside a +\texttt{subequation} environment: +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{subequation}[arabic] +\begin{eqnarray} +E & = & mc^2 \\ +x^2 + y^2 & = & 1 +\end{eqnarray} +\end{subequation} +\end{verbatim} +producing +\begin{subequation}[arabic] +\begin{eqnarray} +E & = & mc^2 \\ +x^2 + y^2 & = & 1 +\end{eqnarray} +\end{subequation} + +\subsection{Varequation environment} + +\Eindex{varequation} +If nothing else fits your requirements, you can also `hard-code' +equation numbers of your own design with the \texttt{varequation} +environment. No \LaTeX\ counters are incremented. You may +want to use it as follows: + +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{varequation}{3\ensuremath{\alpha}} +E = mc^2 +\end{varequation} +\end{verbatim} +producing +\begin{varequation}{3\ensuremath{\alpha}} +E = mc^2 +\end{varequation} +Note the use of \Cindex{ensuremath}\verb+\ensuremath+, which may be +necessary when you use mathematical symbols inside the argument. +Otherwise your input may fail under some internal stylefiles (i.e. +those that use equation numbers on the left side of the page). + +Note also that `hard' equation numbers require `hard' equation +references: \LaTeX's automatic cross-referencing is of no use here. + +\subsection{Displayed sentences: theorems and such} + +The {\tt kluwer} class file contains a predefined layout for theorems, +corollaries, etc. These environments have to be defined with the help of +\LaTeX's \verb+\newtheorem+ command. +Here is an example: +\begin{verbatim} +\newtheorem{theoremdemo}{Demo Theorem} +\begin{theoremdemo} +This is a \verb!\newtheorem!. +\end{theoremdemo} +\end{verbatim} +Results in: +\newtheorem{theoremdemo}{Demo Theorem} +\begin{theoremdemo} +This is a \verb!\newtheorem!. +\end{theoremdemo} + +\Cindex{newdisplay}\noindent +The class file also defines a \verb+\newdisplay+ command, which is +identical to \verb+\newtheorem+ in usage, but will give a different +layout. +Here is an example: +\begin{verbatim} +\newdisplay{displaydemo}{Demo Theorem} +\begin{displaydemo} +This is a \verb!\newdisplay!. +\end{displaydemo} +\end{verbatim} +Results in: +\newdisplay{displaydemo}{Demo Theorem} +\begin{displaydemo} +This is a \verb!\newdisplay!. +\end{displaydemo} + +\noindent +For more information on the use of the +\verb+\newtheorem+ command, please refer to the \LaTeX{} manual. + + +\Cindex{newproof} +Also, the class defines an extra command, \verb+\newproof+, that can +be used for displayed text of a lower level. The major differences are +that this command does not define a counter to go with the environment, +nor does it have an option to specify such a counter. + +\begin{verbatim} +\newproof{rem}{Remark} +\begin{rem} +This is a remark. +\end{rem} +\end{verbatim} +resulting in +\newproof{rem}{Remark} +\begin{rem} +This is a remark. +\end{rem} +\noindent except of course that you should put commands such as +\verb+\newproof+ in the preamble. + +\subsection{Proofs}\Eindex{pf} +For proofs, you can use the \texttt{pf} environment. This will generate +the heading `{\it Proof.}' If you wish to create your own heading, +you can use \Eindex{pf*}{\tt pf*} and give the \verb+\begin{pf*}+ command +your alternative heading as an extra argument. Thus, +\verb+\begin{pf*}+\verb+{Proof (of Lemma 3)}+ will generate the heading +`{\it Proof (of Lemma~3).}' + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + + +\section{Sectioning commands}\Cindex{section} +This section gives examples of sectioning +commands. + +\section{Section} +Here is a section +\subsection{Subsection}\Cindex{subsection} +Here is a subsection +\subsubsection{Subsubsection}\Cindex{subsubsection} +And a subsubsection +\paragraph{Paragraph}\Cindex{paragraph} +This is a lead-in heading (paragraph) +\subparagraph{Subparagraph}\Cindex{subparagraph} +This is a lead-in heading (subparagraph) + + +\noindent +There is also a command \verb+\part+\Cindex{part}, but this is not +intended to be used within articles. + +The general syntax of these commands should be known to you +already. We have made no changes apart from the layout. + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\section{Lists and displayed text} +The document class redefines \texttt{itemize}\Eindex{itemize} and +\texttt{enumerate}\Eindex{enumerate} so that they take an optional +argument that makes some parametrization possible. + +Also, there are some environments available for displayed +text, for instance, quotations. + +\subsection{itemize} + +In the case of \texttt{itemize}\Eindex{itemize} the optional +argument specifies a default label: + +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{itemize}[$\bullet$] +\item This is an example of a list with an optional argument +\item[--] This is the second item +\end{itemize} + +\begin{itemize} +\item Ordinary. +\end{itemize} +\end{verbatim} + +Will result in: +\begin{itemize}[$\bullet$] +\item This is an example of a list with an optional argument +\item[--] This is the second item +\end{itemize} + + +\subsection{enumerate} + +In the case of \texttt{enumerate}\Eindex{enumerate} the optional +argument can be used to specify the width of the left margin, in +approximately the same way as for the\break \texttt{thebibliography} +environment. + +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{enumerate}[000000] +\item See the wide left margin below?\\ Next line +\end{enumerate} +\end{verbatim} + +\noindent Will result in: +\begin{enumerate}[000000] +\item See the wide left margin below?\\ Next line +\end{enumerate} + +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{enumerate} +\item Normal.\\ Next line +\end{enumerate} +\end{verbatim} + +\noindent Will result in: +\begin{enumerate} +\item Normal.\\ Next line +\end{enumerate} + +\noindent The default value for the optional argument is \texttt{00}, +which is approxi\-mately 1em. + +\subsection{Using poetry, quotes, and quotations} + +LaTeX defines environments +\texttt{verse}\Eindex{verse}, \texttt{quote}\Eindex{quote} and +\texttt{quotation}.\Eindex{quotation}; see \cite{lamport}. +Here is how they look with the Kluwer class file: + +\noindent +Here's a verse: +\begin{verse} +I think you will like them,\\ +when you shall see them on a beautiful quarto page,\\ + +{\sc richard brinsley sheridan}, % + {\itshape The School for Scandal\/} (1777) % Act I Sc 1 +\end{verse} + +\noindent +A quote: +\begin{quote} +When a proof has been sent me with two or three +lines so widely spaced as to make a grey band across the page, +I have often rewritten the passage so as to fill up the lines better + +{\sc george bernard shaw}, in {\itshape The Dolphin\/} (1940) % v4 p80 +\end{quote} + +\noindent +A quotation: +\begin{quotation} +There was things which he stretched, +but mainly he told the truth. + +{\sc mark twain}, {\itshape Huckleberry Finn\/} (1884) % chap1 +\end{quotation} + +\subsection{Vitae for authors} + +Because a lot of our articles contain +a short vita(e) of the author(s), we have provided a +\texttt{vitae}\Eindex{vitae}\Cindex{Vauthor} +environment. Usage is as follows: +\def\manai{{\slshape Author}} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{vitae} +\Vauthor{Author1} ... +\Vauthor{Author2} ... +\end{vitae} +\end{verbatim} + +\noindent This environment is smart enough to notice the difference +between one author and more than one author, which will be reflected +in the generated heading. +\nopagebreak +\begin{vitae} +\Vauthor{Hoekwater, T.} This author spent most of his working life + answering questions about \TeX\ and \LaTeX. +\Vauthor{Kroonenberg, S.} Now this is the job of the second + author. +\end{vitae} + +\subsection{Special sections for notes and acknowledgements} + +Just as most articles have a bibliography, a lot of articles +also contain `Notes' and `Acknowledgements'. For this reason, +there are respectively the environments \texttt{notes}\Eindex{notes} +and \texttt{acknowledgements}\Eindex{acknowledgements}. + +Here are some examples again: +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{notes} +\item Please note that this class file is provided + {\it as is}, and is copyrighted\index{copyright} + by Kluwer Academic Publishers. You are free to use + this class file as you see fit, provided that you do + not make changes to the included macro files. + If you do make changes, you are required to rename + the changed files.\index{making changes} +\end{notes} +\end{verbatim} + +\begin{notes} +\item Please note that this class file is provided {\it as is}, and + is \textcopyright\index{copyright} + by Kluwer Academic Publishers. You are free to use + this class file as you see fit, provided that you do not make + changes to the included macro files. If you do make changes, you + are required to rename the changed files.\index{making changes} +\end{notes} + +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{acknowledgements} +... +\end{acknowledgements} +\end{verbatim} + +\begin{acknowledgements} +I would like to thank Donald E. Knuth for the fact that +he wrote this brilliant program, thereby indirectly supporting +my wife, my cats and myself.\quad({\it T.H.\/}) +\end{acknowledgements} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\section{Footnotes and endnotes} +\index{Footnotes} +\index{Endnotes} + +When using the {\tt kluwer} class file, you can produce endnotes +analogous to \LaTeX\ footnotes. Instead of the +\verb+\footnote+\Cindex{footnote} command you use +\verb+\endnote+\Cindex{endnote}. The command +\verb+\theendnotes+\Cindex{theendnotes} should be used to place the +endnotes in the text. They will be put in a separate `Notes' section +in the \verb+\footnotesize+ font. + +There are also companion commands \verb+\endnotemark+\Cindex{endnotemark} +and \verb+\endnotetext+\Cindex{endnotetext}. Use those under +circumstances when \verb+\endnote+ would fail.\endnote{Here is an example +of an endnote} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\section{Kluwer's tabular environment}\label{tabular} + +The Kluwer class file makes various +changes\Eindex{tabular}\index{tabular!changes made in} +\Eindex{TABULAR(*)} to the \texttt{tabular} and \texttt{tabular*} +environments. Most notable is the extra vertical spacing. This +effectively disables vertical rules, since they would contain gaps. +Vertical rules rarely help to make a table more readable, and are +frowned upon by designers. For most tables, the recommended +arrangement of rules is: \\ +-- one rule at the top \\ +-- one rule separating column heads from data cells \\ +-- one bottom rule \\ +and no vertical rules; see \emph{e.g.} table~\ref{tab1} in +section~\ref{floats}. +But if you think you really can't live without vertical rules, you +can use the \texttt{TABULAR}\index{TABULAR}\Eindex{TABULAR} +environment, which is identical to the standard LaTeX +\texttt{tabular} environment. Section \ref{floats} contains +examples. + +\subsubsection{tabular* and the array package} + +\noindent The \texttt{tabular*} environment is also modified: it +always fills the entire specified width.\Eindex{tabular*}; see +table~\ref{tab2} in section~\ref{floats}. + +If you load the \texttt{array} or \texttt{dcolumn} +package, then the \texttt{tabular*} environment won't spread its +columns automatically; you need to create the more elaborate +preamble described in Lamport C.10.2. Whereas \emph{without} the +array package a preamble +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{tabular*}{\maxfloatwidth}{lll} +\end{verbatim} +would suffice, you would need +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{tabular*}{\maxfloatwidth}{% + l@{\extracolsep{0pc plus 2pc}}l@{\extracolsep{0pc plus 2pc}}l} +\end{verbatim} +if the array- or dcolumn package is loaded. + +\subsection{Additional commands for `tabular' and `tabular*'} +\index{tabular!additional commands in} + +As you saw above, there are some changes to the \texttt{tabular} +and \texttt{tabular*} environments. Apart from the extended baseline +and the filling out of \texttt{tabular*}, there are also four extra +commands to draw partial horizontal lines; these are: + +\medskip +\Cindex{rcline}\Cindex{lcline}\Cindex{rlcline}\Cindex{lrcline}% +\index{tabular!lines in}\noindent +\verb+\rcline+, which leaves some space to +the {\it left\/} of the line\\ \verb+\lcline+, which leaves space to +the {\it right\/} of the line\\ \verb+\rlcline+ and \verb+\lrcline+, +these two leave space on both sides (they mean the same +thing). +\medskip + +\noindent These commands are used in the tabular below: + + +\bigskip\noindent +\begin{tabular}{lll} \hline +Description 1 & Description 2 & Description \\ +\lcline{1-1}\rlcline{2-2}\rcline{3-3} +A& Row 1, Col 2 & Row 1, Col 3 \\ +B& Row 2, Col 2 & Row 2, Col 3 \\ \hline +\end{tabular} + +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{tabular}{lll} \hline +Description 1 & Description 2 & Description \\ +\lcline{1-1}\rlcline{2-2}\rcline{3-3} +A& Row 1, Col 2 & Row 1, Col 3 \\ +B& Row 2, Col 2 & Row 2, Col 3 \\ \hline +\end{tabular} +\end{verbatim} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\section{Floats}\label{floats} +\index{floats} + +{\bf Note.} When using the Kluwer float environments, keep in mind +that the Kluwer classfiles need to provide uniform formatting. +Whereas the standard LaTeX float environments simply provide a plain +vanilla floating environment with a caption command, the Kluwer +float environments contain various formatting specifications; +\emph{e.g.} the placement of the caption within a float is enforced: +the caption will be typeset above the table whether your caption +command preceeds or follows your tabular environment. If you run +into trouble, try to remove your own formatting and go with the +defaults provided. + +\bigskip\noindent +The {\tt kluwer} class file defines two major kinds of float, tables +and figures, and some derivatives like starred environments and {\tt +sub...} versions. + +\subsection{The table environment} +\Eindex{table}\index{Tables} +\noindent Here is how the \texttt{table} environment is intended to be used: +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{table}[placement options] +... +\caption[optional short version]{Caption text.} +\label{unique-label} +\end{table} +\end{verbatim} +\label{capverb} + +\noindent For {\itshape placement options}\index{floats!placement +options}\index{Tables!placement options}\index{Figures!placement +options} you can use a combination of the following characters: +\begin{itemize} +\item[{\tt t}] This indicates placement at the top of a page. This may + be the current page, but it could also be a subsequent one. +\item[{\tt b}] This indicates placement at the bottom of a page. This may + be the current page, but it could also be a subsequent one. +\item[{\tt p}] This indicates placement on a page that contains floats only, + no text. +\item[{\tt h}] This should mean `here', but it is not always possible + (there may not be enough space left on the page). In that case, \LaTeX\ + will change this to {\tt [ht]}. +\end{itemize} +\noindent +The following option is non-standard:\index{The {\tt H} option for floats} +\begin{itemize} +\item[{\tt H}] Also means `here', but in a more rigorous way. If there + is not enough space left on the page, the page will be filled up + with whitespace and + the float will appear at the top of the next page. The difference between + {\tt h} and {\tt H} is that {\tt H} {\it never\/} skips over the following + text. +\end{itemize}\label{specifiers} + +\noindent The table \Cindex{caption}caption is given with the +\verb+\caption+ command. This command is required! If you do not +have a caption, use \verb+\caption{}+.\index{floats!captioning} As +you will see in the examples below, the correct way to tag a table +for referencing through \verb+\ref+ is by putting the \verb+\label+ +{\it after\/} the caption command.\index{floats!referencing} + + +\subsubsection{Examples} +We show two examples of tables. Their output can be seen in +Tables~\ref{tab1} and~\ref{tab2}. See section~\ref{tabular} on the +use of rules in tables. + +The first example, table~\ref{tab1}: +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{table} +\caption{Caption text.}\label{tab1} +\begin{tabular}{lll} \hline +Description 1 & Description 2 & Description \\ \hline +Row 1, Col 1 & Row 1, Col 2 & Row 1, Col 3 \\ +Row 2, Col 1 & Row 2, Col 2 & Row 2, Col 3 \\ +\hline +\end{tabular} +\end{table} +\end{verbatim} + + +\begin{table} +\caption{Caption text.}\label{tab1} +\begin{tabular}{lll} \hline +Description 1 & Description 2 & Description \\ \hline +Row 1, Col 1 & Row 1, Col 2 & Row 1, Col 3 \\ +Row 2, Col 1 & Row 2, Col 2 & Row 2, Col 3 \\ \hline +\end{tabular} +\end{table} + +\noindent +The following example demonstrates the Kluwer version of the +\texttt{tabular*} environment; see section~\ref{tabular}. You may +want to set the width parameter to +\verb+\maxfloatwidth+,\Cindex{maxfloatwidth} \index{floats!maximum +width} which is the maximum allowed width of the float. Some of our +journals have indented floats, so then the float is not allowed to +be as wide as \verb+\textwidth+, while rotated tables (see below) +have an allowed width of (almost) \verb+\textheight+. + +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{table} +\caption{Caption text.}\label{tab2} +\begin{tabular*}{\maxfloatwidth}{lll} \hline +Description 1 & Description 2 & Description \\ \hline +Row 1, Col 1 & Row 1, Col 2 & Row 1, Col 3 \\ +Row 2, Col 1 & Row 2, Col 2 & Row 2, Col 3 \\ +\hline +\end{tabular*} +\end{table} +\end{verbatim} + +\begin{table} +\caption{Caption text.}\label{tab2} +\begin{tabular*}{\maxfloatwidth}{lll} \hline +Description 1 & Description 2 & Description \\ \hline +Row 1, Col 1 & Row 1, Col 2 & Row 1, Col 3 \\ +Row 2, Col 1 & Row 2, Col 2 & Row 2, Col 3 \\ +\hline +\end{tabular*} +\end{table} + +\subsubsection{Trouble with captions} +\noindent One final remark on tables: a Kluwer table float is +specifically intended to contain a \texttt{tabular[*]} environment. +If it doesn't, it may not know how wide a caption should be. If a +long caption doesn't get broken properly into lines, the cause may +be that your table is not a tabular, or that you are using a package +that reimplements the \texttt{tabular} environment, or that there is +more than one \texttt{tabular}. In such cases, you can tell the +caption command manually the width of the table with a command +\verb+\tabwidth{...}+ at the end of the \texttt{table} environment. + +\subsection{The figure environment}\index{Figures!options|see{floats}} + +Section~\ref{graphics} deals with general aspects of including +graphics. This subsection is about the Kluwer +\texttt{figure} float environment. + +For figures, there are the environments +\texttt{figure}\Eindex{figure} and \texttt{figure*}\Eindex{figure*}. +Both of these support the same optional placement specifiers +as \texttt{table}; +see page~\pageref{specifiers} and section~\ref{specifiers}. + +Figure~\ref{mouse} is a typical figure, generated by the following +code: +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure} +\centerline{\includegraphics[width=12pc]{mouse.eps}} +\caption{This is the caption of the figure.} +\end{figure} +\end{verbatim} +Note that this example needs the line +\Pindex{graphicx} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage[...]{graphicx} +\end{verbatim} +in the preamble of your document. + + +\Eindex{figure}\Cindex{caption}\Cindex{centerline} +\begin{figure} +\centerline{\includegraphics[width=12pc]{mouse.eps}} +\caption{This is the caption of the figure. This is a little mouse +with one ear.}\label{mouse} +\end{figure} + + +\subsection{Subnumbering tables and figures} + +\texttt{figure}\Eindex{figure} and \texttt{table}\Eindex{table} also +allow you to use the environments \texttt{subtable}\Eindex{subtable} +and \texttt{subfigure}\Eindex{subfigure}. These two environments +implement subnumbering, analogous to the +\texttt{subequation}\Eindex{subequation} environment; see +section~\ref{sub}.\index{floats!subnumbering} + +\subsection{Side-by-side figures} +Please don't use the \texttt{subfigure} package for placing figures +side-by-side: there is a name conflict with the subfigure feature +described above. You won't need any particular package for this +anyway. One way to accomplish such a thing is with the following +code; see figure~\ref{twomice}: +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure}[H] +\tabcapfont +\centerline{% +\begin{tabular}{c@{\hspace{6pc}}c} +\includegraphics[width=1in]{mouse.eps} & +\includegraphics[width=1in]{mouse.eps} \\ +a.~~ A mouse & b.~~ Another mouse +\end{tabular}} +\caption{Two mice}\label{twomice} +\end{figure} +\noindent Figures \ref{twomice}.a. and \ref{twomice}.b. are +suspiciously similar. +\end{verbatim} + +\begin{figure}[H] +\tabcapfont +\centerline{% +\begin{tabular}{c@{\hspace{6pc}}c} +\includegraphics[width=1in]{mouse.eps} & +\includegraphics[width=1in]{mouse.eps} \\ +a.~~ A mouse & b.~~ Another mouse +\end{tabular}} +\caption{Two mice}\label{twomice} +\end{figure} +\noindent Figures \ref{twomice}.a. and \ref{twomice}.b. are +suspiciously similar. + +\subsection{The algorithm environment} + +The \texttt{algorithm} environment\Eindex{algorithm} is no longer +available. + +\subsection{Rotated floats} +\index{floats!rotating} +\noindent To rotate a table or figure over $90^{\circ}$ +counterclockwise, enclose the entire table/figure in the +\texttt{kaprotate}\Eindex{kaprotate} environment. + +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{kaprotate} +\begin{table} +... +\end{table} +\end{kaprotate} +\end{verbatim} + +\noindent If you rotate a float, it will always use an entire page. + +\subsection{Single- and doublecolumns floats} +In two-column styles, there is a difference +between\index{floats!difference between normal and starred forms} +the starred forms \texttt{figure*} and \texttt{table*} compared to +their normal forms. The starred forms of \texttt{table} and +\texttt{figure} will be doublecolumn, while the ordinary forms are +one column. This distinction also holds for rotated versions. + +\section{Using graphics with LaTeX}\label{graphics} + +\subsection{Macro packages for graphics inclusion} + +You are encouraged to include figures electronically. For this, we +recommend the packages from the graphics bundle, including +\texttt{graphics}\Pindex{graphics}, +\texttt{graphicx}\Pindex{graphicx} and +\texttt{epsfig}\Pindex{epsfig}. If you currently use +\texttt{psfig}\Pindex{psfig} then you may prefer \texttt{epsfig}, +which implements the interface of \texttt{psfig} in terms of the +other packages. For documentation, see `Packages in the +`graphics' bundle' by David Carlisle (filename +\texttt{grfguide.[tex|ps]}). This document may be available within +your TeX installation, but can also be obtained from CTAN, see +page~\pageref{CTAN}. + +Another online resource is `Using Imported Graphics in LaTeX2e' by +Keith Reckdahl (file \texttt{epslatex}, also available from CTAN). +Be aware that you cannot blindly trust the information there to be +valid with the Kluwer classes. + +\subsection{Graphics file formats} + +In general, the preferred graphics are tiff\index{tiff graphics +format} for images/bitmaps and Encapsulated +PostScript\index{Encapsulated PostScript}, eps\index{eps graphics +format} in short, for any type of graphic, including bitmaps. Our +TeX installation requires eps, but we can easily convert tiff to +eps. Many other formats, e.g. pict (Macintosh), wmf (Windows) and +various proprietary formats, are not suitable. Even if we can read +such files, there is no guarantee that they will look the same on +our systems as on yours. Don't use bm2font either. + +Simple line art without gray objects can easily be scanned by us, so +as long as you provide good hardcopy of such pictures there will be +no problem. + +For bitmapped graphics, the following resolutions are optimal: +black-and-white line figures: 600--1200 dpi; line figures with some +grey or coloured lines: 600 dpi; photographs: 300 dpi; screen shots: +leave as is; any resampling at all will compromise the quality of +screenshots. These are resolutions \emph{after} scaling. Higher +resolutions won't improve output quality but do increase file size +and increase the likelihood of problems at print time; lower +resolutions may compromise output quality. + +If your program does not export to eps, you can let the printer +driver generate an eps file; see below. + +\subsection{Setting up your Windows printerdriver for eps +generation}\index{Eps generation} + +Create a printer entry especially for this purpose. Pick a +printermodel without non-standard features. When available, +`Distiller' is a good choice; an alternative is `Apple Laserwriter +Plus'. Specify `FILE:' as printer port. Then each time you send +something to the `printer' you will be asked for a filename. This +will be the name of your EPS file. + +The Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) export option can be found under +the PostScript tab. EPS export should be used only for single pages. + +If your PostScript driver doesn't have this option (Windows +NT)\index{Windows NT} then we can probably use an ordinary +PostScript dump. Select a PostScript option such as `Optimize for +portability' or `Archive'. + +\subsection{Eps problems}\index{Eps problems} + +Eps files are often broken. Frequent problems are: very thin lines +(thinner than, say, 0.25pt, or even thickness 0), very light tints +(less than 10\% gray), exotic fonts and invalid PostScript. Use +standard fonts (Times, Helvetica, Symbol) as much as possible. +Convert text to outlines if you know how to. Test your files by trying +to print them. + +Even so, printing to an imagesetter is something very different from +printing to a desktop printer, even if it is a PostScript printer. +So cross your fingers and supply good hardcopy. That way, at least +we can spot problems. + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\section{References}\index{References} +{\sloppy +References are inserted in the +\texttt{thebibliography}\Eindex{thebibliography} environment. We +distinguish two styles of References: by name (explained below +in section~\ref{alpharef}) and numbered (explained in +section~\ref{numref}). You can select one of these styles by +including the appropriate document option in the +\verb+\documentclass+ command. \emph{Please refer to the style of +the journal concerned when choosing an option for your references.} +If no document option is included, the class file will usually +presume named references. \par} + +\subsection{References by name} +\label{alpharef}\index{References!alphabetical} + +{\sloppy +For references by name one should include the +document option \texttt{namedreferences}\Oindex{namedreferences} +in the documentclass command:\par} + +\begin{verbatim} +\documentclass[namedreferences]{kluwer} +\end{verbatim} + +{\sloppy \noindent For the \verb+\bibitem+ \Cindex{bibitem} entries +there are some special, non-standard formatting requirements. You +are urged to use Bibtex with the +\texttt{klunamed}\Cindex{klunamed.bst} bibliography style, see +section~\ref{bibtex}, which handles these requirements +automatically. All Kluwer journals which use named references accept +the \texttt{klunamed} bibliography style. + +Now about these requirements: every \verb+\bibitem+ in the +\texttt{thebibliography}\Eindex{thebibliography} environment should +have a \verb+\citeauthoryear+\Cindex{citeauthoryear} command as an +option and should have a key to refer to. The \verb+\citeauthoryear+ +should have two arguments: the author's name(s) and the year. The +\verb+\citeauthoryear+ should be preceded by a +\verb+\protect+\Cindex{protect} and in the case of more than two +authors the argument with the author's name(s) should contain the +first author's name with an et al., \emph{e.g.}:\par} + +\begin{verbatim} +\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{authorname(s)}{year}]{key} +\end{verbatim} + +\noindent The first part of your References section could look like this: +\Eindex{thebibliography} + +\bigskip +{\noindent\footnotesize\verb+\begin{thebibliography}{} %+ +\quad Note the empty pair of curly braces! +\bigskip +\begin{verbatim} +\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Smith et al.}{1992}]{Smith92} +Smith, I.N., Johnes, R.S. and Hines, W.P.: 1992, +`Title of the Article', +{\it Journal\/} {\bf Vol.~no.~X}, +pp.~00--00 +\end{verbatim} +} + +{\sloppy\noindent +The following \verb+\cite+ +\Cindex{cite} +\Cindex{shortcite} +\Cindex{citeauthor} +\Cindex{citeyear} +\Cindex{inlinecite} +\Cindex{opencite} +commands can now be used in +your article: \verb+\cite+, \verb+\shortcite+, \verb+\citeauthor+, +\verb+\citeyear+, \verb+\inlinecite+ and \verb+\opencite+. For the +sample \verb+\bibitem+ above, the four {\tt cite} commands would +generate the following reference in your text:\par} + +\medskip +\begin{tabular}{ll} \hline +Call: &Produces:\\ \hline +\verb+\cite{Smith92}+ &\cite{Smith92}\\ +\verb+\citeauthor{Smith92}+ &\citeauthor{Smith92}\\ +\verb+\citeyear{Smith92}+ &\citeyear{Smith92}\\ +\verb+\shortcite{Smith92}+ &\shortcite{Smith92}\\ +\verb+\inlinecite{Smith92}+ &\inlinecite{Smith92}\\ +\verb+\opencite{Smith92}+ &\opencite{Smith92} \\ \hline +\end{tabular} +\medskip + + +\noindent With these commands or combinations of them you can create +any reference in your text according to the reference style of the +journal in which your article is to be published. + +If you don't want to make use of +references, but just want to generate a bibliographic +\index{References!typesetting a sorted list} +list at the end of your article, you can +use empty square brackets and braces, like this: +\verb+\bibitem[]{}+.\Cindex{bibitem} + +You can format the bibitems manually, but it is better to let Bibtex +generate them, using the \texttt{klunamed} bibliography style; see +page~\pageref{bibtex}. For the layout conventions we refer you to +the authors instructions of the journal in which your article is to +be published. + +\subsection{Numbered References} +\label{numref}\index{References!numbered} + +{\sloppy +For numbered references one should include the documentclass option +\texttt{numreferences}\Oindex{numreferences} in the preamble +command: \par} + +\begin{verbatim} +\documentclass[numreferences]{kluwer} +\end{verbatim} + +\Eindex{thebibliography} +\noindent You should start the \texttt{thebibliography} environment +with the command: + +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{thebibliography}{99} +\end{verbatim} + +\noindent The second pair of curly braces should contain a number +that corresponds with the widest number in the reference list below +(usually 99 is the correct value). + +{\sloppy +\Cindex{bibitem} +\Cindex{cite} +You should label every \verb+\bibitem+ by putting a key between the +curly braces, e.g.: \verb+\bibitem{Smith92}+ +In your article you can refer to this +\verb+\bibitem+ with \verb+\cite{Smith92}+.\par} + +\subsubsection{Using the optional argument of {\tt bibitem}} + +{\sloppy +With numbered references, you should not use the optional +argument to \verb+\bibitem+, since it will produce +unexpected results.\par} + +The \verb+\cite+ command will produce the number of the reference in +brackets, e.g. [2]. The \verb+\shortcite+, \verb+\citeauthor+ ... +commands, as mentioned in +Section~\ref{alpharef}, can also be used but they will produce the same +output as \verb+\cite+. + +You can either format the bibitems manually or let Bibtex +generate them; see below. For the layout conventions we refer you +to the authors instructions of the journal in which your article is +to be published. + +\subsubsection{Customization} +For numbered references, brackets around both bibliographic +references and citations are now parameterized: if e.g. you want +brackets around the numbers of the bibliographic entries but no dot +after the number then you can put the following definitions is the +preamble: +\begin{verbatim} +\def\redot{} +\def\releft{[} +\def\reright{]} +\end{verbatim} +In the same vein, brackets around citations in the text are defined +by \verb+\def\coleft{[}+ and \verb+\def\ccright{]}+. + +\subsubsection{Ranges of references} + +If you want to collapse a range of citations such as [3,4,5] into +something like [3--5] then you can load the package +\texttt{klucite}: +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{klucite} +\end{verbatim} +It only works if the references are in the correct order. + +\subsection{\BibTeX} +\label{bibtex}\index{Bibtex}\index{References!using bibtex} +\index{Using bibtex}\index{Bibliography|see{References}} + +If you use \BibTeX, please send the {\tt bbl} file, not the +\texttt{.bib} files. You could also include the \BibTeX\ output +directly in your article. + +Kluwer has \BibTeX\ style files available for the +\texttt{namedreferences}\Oindex{namedreferences} and +\texttt{numreferences}\Oindex{numreferences} options. For named +references, the file is called +\texttt{klunamed.bst}\index{Bibtex!klunamed.bst}. You are strongly +urged to use this one because of the special requirements for named +references. For \texttt{numreferences}\Oindex{numreferences}, the +file is called \texttt{klunum.bst}\index{Bibtex!klunum.bst}. You can +substitute other bibliography styles for numbered references if you +want. Both files are included with the distribution of the class +file. + +We refer you to the \LaTeX\ and \BibTeX\ manuals for further +information on using \BibTeX. + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\section{Various} + + + +\subsection{My pages come out raggedbottom!} + +The\index{short pages} +sectioning commands always try to keep a section head together with +a certain number of subsequent lines on +the same page. Values may differ, but the +typical values are: 3 lines for section and subsection and 2 lines +for subsubsection. + +If you find that your pages come out unbalanced, +this could be the problem. The other likely problem is +that you used a \texttt{H}ere float on the page, and it didn't fit. + +\subsection{AMSmath and cross-referencing} + +If you use AMSmath,\index{AMSmath} you may have trouble with +cross-referencing your equations. You can solve this by omitting the +\verb+\begin/end{article}+ lines. + +The \texttt{article} environment is designed to allow multiple +articles in one document. In order to guarantee unique +cross-referencing labels, it internally prepends the article number +as a Roman numeral to cross-referencing labels. We saw no way to +make this work with AMSmath. However, without an article +environment nothing will be prepended, and cross-referencing will +work o.k. + +\subsection{Error messages \emph{Command . . . already defined}} + +You can usually ignore messages about commands already being +defined. + +\subsection{Bold math}\Pindex{bm}\index{Bold math} + +If you fail to get bold symbols, try loading the \texttt{bm} package: +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{klups] +... +$y = \bm{\alpha}$ +\end{verbatim} +This package should be loaded \emph{after} packages such as klups or +mathtime, if you use such a package. + +\subsection{Vertical space with theorems, proofs and display math} + +The proof environment is designed to maintain a fixed vertical space +from a preceding theorem environment. If your theorem ends with +displaymath you may not be happy with the effect. In that case, +precede the proof environment with \verb+\vskip0pt+. + +\subsection{Authors' instructions}\index{authors' instructions} + +You may still encounter outdated authors' instructions for certain +journals. The instructions may require +double line spacing\index{double line spacing} for submissions, or +state that +the journal does not accept electronic +figures\index{Figures!electronic}. Neither of these statements +applies to \LaTeX\ submissions. You do not have to change the +baselines and we are happy with Encapsulated Postscript +figures.\index{Encapsulated +PostScript}\index{Figures!EPS} + +\subsection{Double abstracts} + +Sorry,\index{multiple abstracts} +but you cannot have multiple abstracts in one article. +If you need that, you have to make one +abstract environment look like two. + +\subsection{Letterspaced text, problems with sections and captions} + +{\sloppy\noindent +Certain journals require certain headings in a letterspaced font. +While the stylefile provides for this, it interferes with writing to +auxiliary files like the Table of Contents files. If you encounter +incomprehensible error messages, the first thing you should try is +to replace the offending \verb+\caption{...}+ or +\verb+\section{...}+ command by \verb+\caption[...]{...}+ or +\verb+\section[...]{...}+. You will sometimes also have to delete +the \texttt{<jobname>.aux} file. + +If you tried this, and it didn't work, you can ask support from +\texttt{texhelp@wkap.nl}. Please provide us with a log file that +contains the error you received.\par} + +\subsection{Kluwer styles for camera-ready books} + +At our website, \texttt{www.wkap.nl}, LaTeX class files are available +for camera-ready books (proceedings, edited volumes and monographs). +These are not based on the journal styles documented here, +and are maintained and supported by our Boston branch, email +\texttt{dthelp@\dbr wkap.\dbr com}. + +Some ongoing book projects use different class files which +\emph{are} based on the journal styles and are supported by us. +These class files are being phased out and are available only upon +request. They come with some additional documentation. + +\subsection{Obtaining extra fonts / macro packages} + +You may want to get extra packages and/or fonts (like the +\texttt{wasy} symbol font) if those are not provided at your site. + +All \TeX\ related files on the internet are available +from a large central archive called CTAN. These are the main +CTAN sites:\label{CTAN} + +{\tt +\begin{center} + ftp.dante.de (Deutschland) /tex-archive \\ + ctan.tug.org (TeX Users Group, Boston, U.S.A.) /tex-archive \\ + ftp.tex.ac.uk (England) /tex-archive \\ +\end{center}} + +{\sloppy +\noindent In the root of the CTAN directory structure you can find a +file \texttt{CTAN.sites} with mirrors. If you decide to download, +please select a site near you (network-wise). The root of the CTAN +tree also conveniently contains files \texttt{FILES.bydate}, +\texttt{FILES.byname} and \texttt{FILES.bysize}.\par} + +\bigskip\noindent If you do not have internet access, some of the packages + from these sites can also be obtained by request from KAP, + using the address at the end of this document. + +\subsection{Submitting bug reports and requests} + +{\sloppy +If you have questions regarding our class file, or if you +have discovered a bug, or if you have a request for something +you would like to see included in the next version of this +class file, send you comments to: {\tt texhelp@wkap.nl} (e-mail) +or to KAP PrePress, Achterom 119, 3311 KB Dordrecht, The Netherlands +(regular mail).\par} + + +\theendnotes + +\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{References} + +\begin{thebibliography}{} +\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Goossens \bgroup \em et al.\egroup + }{1994}]{goossens} +Goossens, M., F. Mittelbach, and A. Samarin: +\newblock {\em The {\LaTeX} Companion}. +\newblock Ad{\-d}i{\-s}on-Wes{\-l}ey, Reading, MA, USA, 1994. + +\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Knuth}{1984a}]{knuth} +Knuth, D.E: +\newblock {\em The {\TeX}book}. +\newblock Ad{\-d}i{\-s}on-Wes{\-l}ey, Reading, MA, USA, 1984. + +\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Lamport}{1985}]{lamport} +Lamport, L.: +\newblock {\em {\LaTeX} -- {A} Document Preparation System -- User's + Guide and Reference Manual}. +\newblock Ad{\-d}i{\-s}on-Wes{\-l}ey, Reading, MA, USA, 1985. + +\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Smith et al.}{1992}]{Smith92} +Smith, I.N., R.S. Johnes, and W.P. Hines: 1992, +`Title of the Article', +{\it Journal Title in Italics} {\bf Vol.~no.~X}, +pp.~00--00 + +\end{thebibliography} +\printindex +\label{lastpage} +\end{article} +\end{document} |