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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-1.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-1.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..76007afd388 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-1.tex @@ -0,0 +1,189 @@ +\documentclass[twoside]{report} +\pagestyle{headings} +\begin{document} +\chapter[Floodings at Venice]{Floodings at Venice over Centuries} +\section[A Problem's Solution]{Solution for Venice's Flooding Problems} +\subsection{Can Venice be Saved?} + +Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. +The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most +famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its +signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian +engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now +a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series +of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. + +The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. +Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in +the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the +water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. +Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea +levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses +and making sidewalks and squares impossible. + +The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a +small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of +a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon +from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. +These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, +with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's +seawalls. + +In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and +construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water +flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the +plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of +the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m +wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the +seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with +water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air +would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float +upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off +the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates +are up. + +The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least +\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the +fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised +so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the +lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an +environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. +Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to +its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's +not too bad. + +%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 + +\subsection{Additional Information to the Gates} + +The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent +building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled +for removal and cleaning. + +The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain +out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, +compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise +to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is +admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. + +\chapter[Preface]{Preface to the \LaTeX-Guide} +\section{General Remarks} + +A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: +Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 +that a new release of this manual is justified? + +The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ +world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the +second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge +between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had +been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third +edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was +still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its +familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ +environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 +the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear +months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old +version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual.% +\footnote{With the result, that all maintanance for \LaTeX\ 2.09 has been +stopped with the occurance of \LaTeXe\ as well as for any further +developement.} +In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its +syntax and usage. + +But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its +peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for +PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ +directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic +features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such +that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the +`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include +user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. +Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie +Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This +edition reflects this increase in breadth.\footnote{In between many hundreds +of supplements and extensions in form of packages have been developed for +\LaTeXe. Only the most important will be presented in this book.} + +\section[The Changes]{The Changes in Detail} +The changes to the fourth edition are mainly those of emphasis. + +\begin{enumerate} +\item material has been reorganized into `Basics' and `Beyond the Basics' + (`advanced' sounds too intimidating) while the appendices contain + topics that really can be skipped by most everyday users. Exception: + Appendix H is an alphabetized command summary that many + people find extremely useful (including ourselves). + + This reorganizing is meant to stress certain aspects over others. For + example, the section on graphics inclusion and color was originally + treated as an exotic freak, relegated to an appendix on extensions; in the + third edition, it moved up to be included in a front chapter along with the + picture environment and floats; now it dominates + Chapter 6 all on its own, the floats come in the following + Chapter 7, and `picture' is banished to the later + Chapter 13. This is not to say that the picture features are no good, + but only that they are very specialized. We add + descriptions of additional drawing possibilities there too. + +\item It is stressed as much as possible that \LaTeX\ is a markup language, + with separation of content and form. Typographical settings + should be placed in the preamble, while the body contains only logical + markup. This is in keeping with the modern ideas of XML, where form and + content are radically segregated. + +\item Throughout this edition, contributed packages are explained at that point + in the text where they are most relevant. The `fancyhdr' package + comes in the section on page styles, `natbib' where literature + citations are explained. This stresses that these `extensions' are part of + the \LaTeX\ system as a whole. However, to remind the user that they must + still be explicitly loaded, a marginal note is placed at the start of their + descriptions. + +\item PDF output is taken for granted throughout the book, in addition to the + classical DVI format. This means that the added possibilities of `pdf\TeX' + and `dvipdfm' are explained where they are relevant. A separate + Chapter 10 on PostScript and PDF is still necessary, and the + best interface to PDF output, the `hyperref' package by Sebastian + Rahtz, is explained in detail. PDF is also included in + Chapter 15 on presentation material + + On the other hand, the other Web output formats, HTML and XML, are only + dealt with briefly in Appendix E, since these are large topics + treated in other books, most noticeably the `\LaTeX\ Web Companion'. + +\item This book is being distributed with the \TeX Live CD, with the kind + permission of Sebastian Rahtz who maintains it for the \TeX\ Users Group. + It contains a full \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ installation for Windows, Macintosh, + and Linux, plus many of the myriad extensions that exist. +\end{enumerate} + +We once again express our hope that this \textsl{Guide} will prove more than +useful to all those who wish to find their way through the intricate world of +\LaTeX. And with the addition of the \TeX Live CD, that world is brought even +closer to their doorsteps.\footnote{Information for installation details are +given in the documentation for the \TeX Live CD.} + +\section[Running heads]{Demonstration for running heads} +\subsection{An additional exercise} +One main reason for this exercise was the demonstration of running heads +at the top of the pages execept for the first pages after the +chapter sectioning commands. The running heads on even pages consist +of the actual chapter number and the chapter title. For odd pages consist +the running heads of actual section command for these pages as here +demonstrated. + +\newpage\thispagestyle{empty}\noindent +\texttt{chapter} = \arabic{chapter}\\ +\texttt{section} = \arabic{section}\\ +\texttt{subsection} = \arabic{subsection}\\ +\texttt{page} = \arabic{page}\\ +\texttt{footnote} = \arabic{footnote}\\ +\setcounter{equation}{3} +\texttt{equation} = \arabic{equation}\\ +\addtocounter{equation}{2} +\texttt{equation} = \arabic{equation}\\ +\texttt{enumi} = \arabic{enumi}\\ +\texttt{enumii} = \arabic{enumi} +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-10.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-10.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ad0d6fabccd --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-10.tex @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\newcounter{num} +\newenvironment{varlist}[2] + {\begin{list}{\textrm{#1 #2{num}:}}{\usecounter{num}% + \setlength{\labelsep}{5mm} + \settowidth{\leftmargin}{\textrm{#1 #2{num}:}} + \addtolength{\leftmargin}{1cm}}} + {\end{list}} +\begin{document} +\noindent Previous outer text +\begin{varlist}{Sample}{\Alph} + \item without any value + \item with an enclosed voucher +\end{varlist} +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-2.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-2.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d22019c804b --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-2.tex @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\newcommand{\iint}{\int\!\!\!\int} +\newcommand{\iiint}{\int\!\!\!\int\!\!\!\int} +\newcommand{\idotsint}{\int\cdots\int} +\begin{document}\noindent +Multiple integral symbols in text formulas: $\iint$, $\iiint$, $\idotsint$ + +\noindent Multiple integral symbols in displayed formulas: +\[ \iint\quad\iiint\quad\idotsint \] +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-3.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-3.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ff3678fc7ca --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-3.tex @@ -0,0 +1,180 @@ +\documentclass[twoside]{report} +\pagestyle{headings} +\renewcommand{\thechapter}{\Alph{chapter}} +\renewcommand{\thesection}{\thechapter--\Roman{section}} +\renewcommand{\thesubsection}{\thesection,\roman{subsection}} +\begin{document} +\chapter[Floodings at Venice]{Floodings at Venice over Centuries} +\section[A Problem's Solution]{Solution for Venice's Flooding Problems} +\subsection{Can Venice be Saved?} + +Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. +The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most +famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its +signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian +engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now +a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series +of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. + +The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. +Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in +the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the +water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. +Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea +levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses +and making sidewalks and squares impossible. + +The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a +small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of +a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon +from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. +These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, +with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's +seawalls. + +In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and +construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water +flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the +plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of +the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m +wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the +seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with +water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air +would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float +upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off +the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates +are up. + +The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least +\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the +fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised +so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the +lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an +environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. +Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to +its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's +not too bad. + +%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 + +\subsection{Additional Information to the Gates} + +The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent +building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled +for removal and cleaning. + +The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain +out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, +compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise +to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is +admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. + +\chapter[Preface]{Preface to the \LaTeX-Guide} +\section{General Remarks} + +A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: +Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 +that a new release of this manual is justified? + +The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ +world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the +second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge +between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had +been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third +edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was +still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its +familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ +environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 +the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear +months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old +version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual.% +\footnote{With the result, that all maintanance for \LaTeX\ 2.09 has been +stopped with the occurance of \LaTeXe\ as well as for any further +developement.} +In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its +syntax and usage. + +But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its +peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for +PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ +directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic +features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such +that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the +`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include +user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. +Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie +Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This +edition reflects this increase in breadth.\footnote{In between many hundreds +of supplements and extensions in form of packages have been developed for +\LaTeXe. Only the most important will be presented in this book.} + +\section[The Changes]{The Changes in Detail} +The changes to the fourth edition are mainly those of emphasis. + +\begin{enumerate} +\item material has been reorganized into `Basics' and `Beyond the Basics' + (`advanced' sounds too intimidating) while the appendices contain + topics that really can be skipped by most everyday users. Exception: + Appendix H is an alphabetized command summary that many + people find extremely useful (including ourselves). + + This reorganizing is meant to stress certain aspects over others. For + example, the section on graphics inclusion and color was originally + treated as an exotic freak, relegated to an appendix on extensions; in the + third edition, it moved up to be included in a front chapter along with the + picture environment and floats; now it dominates + Chapter 6 all on its own, the floats come in the following + Chapter 7, and `picture' is banished to the later + Chapter 13. This is not to say that the picture features are no good, + but only that they are very specialized. We add + descriptions of additional drawing possibilities there too. + +\item It is stressed as much as possible that \LaTeX\ is a markup language, + with separation of content and form. Typographical settings + should be placed in the preamble, while the body contains only logical + markup. This is in keeping with the modern ideas of XML, where form and + content are radically segregated. + +\item Throughout this edition, contributed packages are explained at that point + in the text where they are most relevant. The `fancyhdr' package + comes in the section on page styles, `natbib' where literature + citations are explained. This stresses that these `extensions' are part of + the \LaTeX\ system as a whole. However, to remind the user that they must + still be explicitly loaded, a marginal note is placed at the start of their + descriptions. + +\item PDF output is taken for granted throughout the book, in addition to the + classical DVI format. This means that the added possibilities of `pdf\TeX' + and `dvipdfm' are explained where they are relevant. A separate + Chapter 10 on PostScript and PDF is still necessary, and the + best interface to PDF output, the `hyperref' package by Sebastian + Rahtz, is explained in detail. PDF is also included in + Chapter 15 on presentation material + + On the other hand, the other Web output formats, HTML and XML, are only + dealt with briefly in Appendix E, since these are large topics + treated in other books, most noticeably the `\LaTeX\ Web Companion'. + +\item This book is being distributed with the \TeX Live CD, with the kind + permission of Sebastian Rahtz who maintains it for the \TeX\ Users Group. + It contains a full \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ installation for Windows, Macintosh, + and Linux, plus many of the myriad extensions that exist. +\end{enumerate} + +We once again express our hope that this \textsl{Guide} will prove more than +useful to all those who wish to find their way through the intricate world of +\LaTeX. And with the addition of the \TeX Live CD, that world is brought even +closer to their doorsteps.\footnote{Information for installation details are +given in the documentation for the \TeX Live CD.} + +\section[Running heads]{Demonstration for running heads} +\subsection{An additional exercise} +One main reason for this exercise was the demonstration of running heads +at the top of the pages execept for the first pages after the +chapter sectioning commands. The running heads on even pages consist +of the actual chapter number and the chapter title. For odd pages consist +the running heads of actual section command for these pages as here +demonstrated. + +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-4.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-4.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..bd752a6a457 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-4.tex @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\newcommand{\Lbrack}[2]{#1\brack #2} +\newcommand{\Lbrace}[2]{#1\brace #2} +\begin{document}\noindent +The bracket structures in text formulas: +$\Lbrack{n+1}{m-1}$, +$\Lbrace{n+1}{m-1}$ + +\noindent The bracket struktures in displayed formulls: +\[ \Lbrack{n+1}{m} \] +\[ \Lbrace{n+1}{m-1} \] +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-5.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-5.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..fb2cdf571fa --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-5.tex @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\newcounter{saveeqn} +\newcounter{prenum} +\newcommand{\vareqn}[2]{\setcounter{saveeqn}{\value{equation}}% + \setcounter{equation}{0}\setcounter{prenum}{#1} + \renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{prenum}[#2{equation}]}} +\newcommand{\reseteqn}{\setcounter{equation}{\value{saveeqn}}% + \renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{equation}}} +\begin{document} +\setcounter{equation}{9} +\vareqn{33}{\Alph} +\begin{equation} \frac{a^2 - b^2}{a + b} = a - b \end{equation} +\begin{equation} \sqrt[3]{-q + \sqrt{q^2 + p^2}} \end{equation} +\begin{equation} \sqrt[n]{\frac{x^n - y^n}{1 + u^{2n}}} \end{equation} +\reseteqn +\begin{equation} 2\sum_{i=1}^n a_i \int^b_a f_i(x) g_i(x)\,dx \end{equation} +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-6.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-6.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2387cf49420 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-6.tex @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\newcommand{\iiint}[1]{\int\!\!\!\int\limits_{#1}\!\!\!\int} +\newcommand{\iint}[1]{\int\!\!\!\int\limits_{\hspace{-1em}#1}} +\newcommand{\idotsint}[1]{\int\cdots\int_{\hspace{-1.8em}#1}} +\begin{document} +\[ \iint{(D)}\quad\iiint{V}\quad\idotsint{G} \] +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-7.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-7.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3ef6ed6c380 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-7.tex @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\newcommand{\mtrx}[1]{\ensuremath{\mathsf{#1}}} +\newcommand{\mi}{\mathrm{i}} +\begin{document} +A matrix \mtrx{A} of type $(m,n)$ or shortly $\mtrx{A}_{(m,n)}$ is a structure +of $m\times n$ elements, e.\,g.\ real or complex numbers, functions, +differential quotients, vectors et al., that can be ordered into $m$ rows +and $n$ columns +\[ \mtrx{A} = (a_{ij}) = \left(\begin{array}{cccc} + a_{11} & a_{12} & \cdots & a_{1n} \\ + a_{21} & a_{22} & \cdots & a_{2n} \\ + \vdots & \vdots & \vdots & \vdots \\ + a_{m1} & a_{m2} & \cdots & a_{mn} + \end{array}\right) \] + +Complex matrices consist of complex elements $a_{\mu\nu} + \mi b_{\mu\nu}$. +Such a complex matrix can be split into two matrices +\[ \mtrx{A} + \mi\mtrx{B} \] +which elements consist of pure real numbers. Between the elements of a +complex matrix \mtrx{A} and the corresponding conjugated complex matrix +\mtrx{A^*} the relation +\[ a^*_{\mu\nu} = \Re(a_{\mu\nu} - \mi\Im(a_{\mu\nu}) \] +exist. + +From the original matrix \mtrx{A} of type $(m,n)$ the transposed matrix +$\mtrx{A}^T$ is created by exchanging the corresponding rows and columns +$(a_{\nu\mu})^T = (a_{\mu\nu})$. It is of type $(n,m)$. + + +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-8.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-8.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e28ac957e70 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-8.tex @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\newcounter{comment} +\newsavebox{\comname} +\newenvironment{comment}[1] + {\noindent\stepcounter{comment}\slshape Kommentar \arabic{comment}\nopagebreak + \begin{quote}\sloppypar\small\sbox{\comname}{#1}\itshape} + {\nopagebreak\hspace*{\fill}\usebox{\comname}\end{quote}} +\begin{document} +\begin{comment}{Patrick W. Daly} + In this form, every comment is assigned a sequential numbr after the + word Comment. The comment text appears as in a \texttt{quote} environment, + while the name of the commentor is entered as the envrironment argument + and is placed at the right of the last line. In addition no page break + can occur either between the heading `Comment n' and the comment text + and the commenter's name. +\end{comment} +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-9.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-9.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..711a7f228e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-9.tex @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\newlength{\varwidth} +\newenvironment{varpage}[1] + {\settowidth{\varwidth}{#1}\begin{minipage}{\varwidth}} + {\end{minipage}} +\begin{document} +\noindent +\begin{varpage}{`As wide as this sample text'} + The width of this \texttt{minipage} environment is equal to that of the + text\\ + `As wide as this sample text'\\ + as to seen here, +\end{varpage}\qquad +\begin{varpage}{`narrow sample text'} + followed by the smal\-ler \texttt{minipage} environment of the width equal + to the text:\\ + `narrow sample text' +\end{varpage} +\end{document} + + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer1.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer1.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..bccf83deeed --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer1.tex @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +\chapter[Floodings at Venice]{Floodings at Venice over Centuries} +\section[A Problem's Solution]{Solution for Venice's Flooding Problems} +\subsection{Can Venice be Saved?} + +Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. +The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most +famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its +signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian +engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now +a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series +of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. + +The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. +Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in +the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the +water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. +Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea +levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses +and making sidewalks and squares impossible. + +The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a +small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of +a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon +from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. +These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, +with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's +seawalls. + +In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and +construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water +flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the +plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of +the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m +wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the +seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with +water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air +would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float +upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off +the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates +are up. + +The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least +\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the +fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised +so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the +lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an +environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. +Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to +its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's +not too bad. + +%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 + +\subsection{Additional Information to the Gates} + +The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent +building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled +for removal and cleaning. + +The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain +out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, +compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise +to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is +admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer11-1.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer11-1.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c6d8be061dc --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer11-1.tex @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +\documentclass[twoside]{report} +\pagestyle{headings} +\begin{document} +\input{exer1} +\input{exer2} +\input{exer3} +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer11-2.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer11-2.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d137fc7cf32 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer11-2.tex @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +\documentclass[twoside]{report} +\pagestyle{headings} +\typein[\files]{Which files?} +\includeonly{\files} +\begin{document} +\include{exer1} +\include{exer2} +\include{exer3} +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer11-3.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer11-3.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3721ec2d3d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer11-3.tex @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +\begin{center} +\bfseries\large Certificate\\ +\Large Olympic Spring Games\\ +Walterville 1992\\[1ex] + +\normalsize +\typein{Sport} \\[1ex] +\mdseries +\typein[\unit]{Unit} + +\begin{tabular}{lllrl} +\bfseries Gold & \typein{Gold - Name:} & \typein{Gold - Country:} + & \typein{Gold - Value`:} & \unit \\ +\bfseries Silver & \typein{Silver - Name:} & \typein{Silver - Country:} + & \typein{Silber - Value:} & \unit \\ +\bfseries Bronze & \typein{Bronze - Name:} & \typein{Bronze - Country:} + & \typein{Bronze - Value:} & \unit +\end{tabular} +\end{center} +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer11-4.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer11-4.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..84cbdcd64c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer11-4.tex @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +\begin{thebibliography}{\hspace{1.5cm}} +\bibitem[abr90]{abr90} Abraham P. W., with Hargraves K. A. and Berry K. (1990). + \textsl{\TeX\ for the Impatient.} Reading MA: Addison-Wesley +\bibitem[bec93]{bec93} Bechtolsheim, S. von (1993) \textsl{\TeX\ in Practice, + Vol.\ I--IV,} New York: Springer +\bibitem[bec93a]{bec93a} Vol.\ I: Basics +\bibitem[bec93b]{bec93b} Vol.\ II: Paragraphs, Math, and Fonts +\bibitem[bec93c]{bec93c} Vol.\ III: Tokens, Macros +\bibitem[bec93d]{bec93d} Vol.\ IV: Output Routines, Tables +\bibitem[dal92]{dal92} Daly P. W. and Kopka H. (1992) {A Guide to \LaTeX.} + Workingham, UK: Addison-Wesley +\bibitem[dal95]{dal95} Daly P. W. and Kopka H. (1995) {A Guide to \LaTeX,} + 2nd ed. Workingham, UK: Addison-Wesley +\bibitem[dal99]{dal99} Daly P. W. and Kopka H. (1999) {A Guide to \LaTeX,} + 3rd ed. Workingham, UK: Addison-Wesley +\bibitem[dal03]{dal03} Daly P. W. and Kopka H. (2003) {A Guide to \LaTeX,} + 4th ed. Workingham, UK: Addison-Wesley +\bibitem[eij92]{eij92} Eijkhout V. (1992). \textsl{\TeX\ by Topic, a + \TeX nician's Referenc.} Harlow: Addison-Wesley +\bibitem[goo94]{goo94} Goossens M., Mittelbach F. and Samarin A. (1994). + \textsl{The \LaTeX\ Companion.} Reading MA: Adddison-Wesley +\bibitem[goo97]{goo97} Goossens M., Rahtz S. and Mittelbach F. (1997). + \textsl{The \LaTeX\ Graphic Companion.} Reading MA: Addison-Wesley +\bibitem[goo99]{goo99} Goossens M. and Rahtz S. (1999). + \textsl{The \LaTeX\ Web Companion.} Reading MA: Addison-Wesley +\bibitem[knu91]{knu91} Knuth D. E. (1991) \textsl{Computers and Typesetting + Vol A--E.} Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley +\bibitem[knu91a]{knu91a} Knuth D. E. (1991a) Vol. A: \textsl{The \TeX book.} + 11.~ed. Reading MA: Addison-Wesley +\bibitem[knu91b]{knu91b} Knuth D. E. (1991b) Vol. B: \textsl{The Program.} + 4.~ed. Reading MA: Addison-Wesley +\bibitem[lam94]{lam94} Lamport L. (1994) \textsl{\LaTeX---A Document + Preparation System}, 2nd ed. Reading MA: Addison-Wesley + Addison-Wesley-Longman (Deutschland) GmbH. Bonn 1995 +\end{thebibliography} +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer11-5.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer11-5.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..cd64bb15fc3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer11-5.tex @@ -0,0 +1,136 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +\section*{Preface to the \LaTeX-Guide} + +A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: +Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 +that a new release of this manual is justified? + +The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ +world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the +second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge +between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had +been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third +edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was +still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its +familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ +environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 +the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear +months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old +version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. +In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its +syntax and usage. + +The developement of \LaTeX\ between 1992 until now will be best demonstrated +by the four editions of the \LaTeX-Guide textbook. The first edition +\cite{dal92} describes and teaches the old version 2.09, which is now obsolete. +With the occurance of \LaTeXe\ the second edition \cite{dal95} was presented, +explainig and teaching both versions in parallel. In the third edition +\cite{dal99} the \LaTeX\ presentation was mainly restricted to \LaTeXe\ +and still more restricted with the present edition \cite{dal03} + +But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its +peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for +PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ +directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic +features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such +that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the +`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include +user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. +Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie +Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This +edition reflects this increase in breadth. + +The changes to the fourth edition are mainly those of emphasis. + +1. The material has been reorganized into `Basics' and `Beyond the Basics' + (`advanced' sounds too intimidating) while the appendices contain + topics that really can be skipped by most everyday users. Exception: + Appendix H is an alphabetized command summary that many + people find extremely useful (including ourselves). + + This reorganizing is meant to stress certain aspects over others. For + example, the section on graphics inclusion and color was originally + treated as an exotic freak, relegated to an appendix on extensions; in the + third edition, it moved up to be included in a front chapter along with the + picture environment and floats; now it dominates + Chapter 6 all on its own, the floats come in the following + Chapter 7, and `picture' is banished to the later + Chapter 13. This is not to say that the picture features are no good, + but only that they are very specialized. We add + descriptions of additional drawing possibilities there too. + +2. It is stressed as much as possible that \LaTeX\ is a markup language, + with separation of content and form. Typographical settings + should be placed in the preamble, while the body contains only logical + markup. This is in keeping with the modern ideas of XML, where form and + content are radically segregated. + +3. Throughout this edition, contributed packages are explained at that point + in the text where they are most relevant. The `fancyhdr' package + comes in the section on page styles, `natbib' where literature + citations are explained. This stresses that these `extensions' are part of + the \LaTeX\ system as a whole. However, to remind the user that they must + still be explicitly loaded, a marginal note is placed at the start of their + descriptions. + +4. PDF output is taken for granted throughout the book, in addition to the + classical DVI format. This means that the added possibilities of `pdf\TeX' + and `dvipdfm' are explained where they are relevant. A separate + Chapter 10 on PostScript and PDF is still necessary, and the + best interface to PDF output, the `hyperref' package by Sebastian + Rahtz, is explained in detail. PDF is also included in + Chapter 15 on presentation material + + On the other hand, the other Web output formats, HTML and XML, are only + dealt with briefly in Appendix E, since these are large topics + treated in other books, most noticeably the `\LaTeX\ Web Companion'. + +5. This book is being distributed with the \TeX Live CD, with the kind + permission of Sebastian Rahtz who maintains it for the \TeX\ Users Group. + It contains a full \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ installation for Windows, Macintosh, + and Linux, plus many of the myriad extensions that exist. + +We once again express our hope that this \textsl{Guide} will prove more than +useful to all those who wish to find their way through the intricate world of +\LaTeX. And with the addition of the \TeX Live CD, that world is brought even +closer to their doorsteps. + +\newpage + +\begin{thebibliography}{\hspace{1.5cm}} +\bibitem[abr90]{abr90} Abraham P. W., with Hargraves K. A. and Berry K. (1990). + \textsl{\TeX\ for the Impatient.} Reading MA: Addison-Wesley +\bibitem[bec93]{bec93} Bechtolsheim, S. von (1993) \textsl{\TeX\ in Practice, + Vol.\ I--IV,} New York: Springer +\bibitem[bec93a]{bec93a} Vol.\ I: Basics +\bibitem[bec93b]{bec93b} Vol.\ II: Paragraphs, Math, and Fonts +\bibitem[bec93c]{bec93c} Vol.\ III: Tokens, Macros +\bibitem[bec93d]{bec93d} Vol.\ IV: Output Routines, Tables +\bibitem[dal92]{dal92} Daly P. W. and Kopka H. (1992) {A Guide to \LaTeX.} + Workingham, UK: Addison-Wesley +\bibitem[dal95]{dal95} Daly P. W. and Kopka H. (1995) {A Guide to \LaTeX,} + 2nd ed. Workingham, UK: Addison-Wesley +\bibitem[dal99]{dal99} Daly P. W. and Kopka H. (1999) {A Guide to \LaTeX,} + 3rd ed. Workingham, UK: Addison-Wesley +\bibitem[dal03]{dal03} Daly P. W. and Kopka H. (2003) {A Guide to \LaTeX,} + 4th ed. Workingham, UK: Addison-Wesley +\bibitem[eij92]{eij92} Eijkhout V. (1992). \textsl{\TeX\ by Topic, a + \TeX nician's Referenc.} Harlow: Addison-Wesley +\bibitem[goo94]{goo94} Goossens M., Mittelbach F. and Samarin A. (1994). + \textsl{The \LaTeX\ Companion.} Reading MA: Adddison-Wesley +\bibitem[goo97]{goo97} Goossens M., Rahtz S. and Mittelbach F. (1997). + \textsl{The \LaTeX\ Graphic Companion.} Reading MA: Addison-Wesley +\bibitem[goo99]{goo99} Goossens M. and Rahtz S. (1999). + \textsl{The \LaTeX\ Web Companion.} Reading MA: Addison-Wesley +\bibitem[knu91]{knu91} Knuth D. E. (1991) \textsl{Computers and Typesetting + Vol A--E.} Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley +\bibitem[knu91a]{knu91a} Knuth D. E. (1991a) Vol. A: \textsl{The \TeX book.} + 11.~ed. Reading MA: Addison-Wesley +\bibitem[knu91b]{knu91b} Knuth D. E. (1991b) Vol. B: \textsl{The Program.} + 4.~ed. Reading MA: Addison-Wesley +\bibitem[lam94]{lam94} Lamport L. (1994) \textsl{\LaTeX---A Document + Preparation System}, 2nd ed. Reading MA: Addison-Wesley + Addison-Wesley-Longman (Deutschland) GmbH. Bonn 1995 +\end{thebibliography} +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer2.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer2.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a175b787662 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer2.tex @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +\chapter[Preface]{Preface to the \LaTeX-Guide} +\section{General Remarks} + +A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: +Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 +that a new release of this manual is justified? + +The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ +world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the +second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge +between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had +been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third +edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was +still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its +familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ +environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 +the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear +months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old +version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. +In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its +syntax and usage. + +But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its +peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for +PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ +directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic +features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such +that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the +`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include +user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. +Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie +Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This +edition reflects this increase in breadth. + +\section[The Changes]{The Changes in Detail} +The changes to the fourth edition are mainly those of emphasis. + +1. The material has been reorganized into `Basics' and `Beyond the Basics' + (`advanced' sounds too intimidating) while the appendices contain + topics that really can be skipped by most everyday users. Exception: + Appendix H is an alphabetized command summary that many + people find extremely useful (including ourselves). + + This reorganizing is meant to stress certain aspects over others. For + example, the section on graphics inclusion and color was originally + treated as an exotic freak, relegated to an appendix on extensions; in the + third edition, it moved up to be included in a front chapter along with the + picture environment and floats; now it dominates + Chapter 6 all on its own, the floats come in the following + Chapter 7, and `picture' is banished to the later + Chapter 13. This is not to say that the picture features are no good, + but only that they are very specialized. We add + descriptions of additional drawing possibilities there too. + +2. It is stressed as much as possible that \LaTeX\ is a markup language, + with separation of content and form. Typographical settings + should be placed in the preamble, while the body contains only logical + markup. This is in keeping with the modern ideas of XML, where form and + content are radically segregated. + +3. Throughout this edition, contributed packages are explained at that point + in the text where they are most relevant. The `fancyhdr' package + comes in the section on page styles, `natbib' where literature + citations are explained. This stresses that these `extensions' are part of + the \LaTeX\ system as a whole. However, to remind the user that they must + still be explicitly loaded, a marginal note is placed at the start of their + descriptions. + +4. PDF output is taken for granted throughout the book, in addition to the + classical DVI format. This means that the added possibilities of `pdf\TeX' + and `dvipdfm' are explained where they are relevant. A separate + Chapter 10 on PostScript and PDF is still necessary, and the + best interface to PDF output, the `hyperref' package by Sebastian + Rahtz, is explained in detail. PDF is also included in + Chapter 15 on presentation material + + On the other hand, the other Web output formats, HTML and XML, are only + dealt with briefly in Appendix E, since these are large topics + treated in other books, most noticeably the `\LaTeX\ Web Companion'. + +5. This book is being distributed with the \TeX Live CD, with the kind + permission of Sebastian Rahtz who maintains it for the \TeX\ Users Group. + It contains a full \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ installation for Windows, Macintosh, + and Linux, plus many of the myriad extensions that exist. + +We once again express our hope that this \textsl{Guide} will prove more than +useful to all those who wish to find their way through the intricate world of +\LaTeX. And with the addition of the \TeX Live CD, that world is brought even +closer to their doorsteps. + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer3.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer3.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..77d4b8c87e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer3.tex @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +\section[Running heads]{Demonstration for running heads} +One main reason for this exercise was the demonstration of running heads +at the top of the pages execept for the first pages after the +chapter sectioning commands. The running heads on even pages consist +of the actual chapter number and the chapter title. For odd pages consist +the running heads of actual section command for these pages as here +demonstrated. diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap15/exer15-1.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap15/exer15-1.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1ae7e6f63b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap15/exer15-1.tex @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +\setlength{\unitlength}{1mm} +\begin{picture}(100,50) + \put(0,0){The First Picture} + \put(0,47){upper left} + \put(70,40){somewhere upper right} + \put(25,25){\parbox{60mm}{A seperate exercise file with the name + \texttt{picture.tex} should be created for the exercises in + this Chapter}} +\end{picture} +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap15/exer15-2.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap15/exer15-2.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d937fc02dbe --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap15/exer15-2.tex @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\setlength{\textwidth}{150mm} +\begin{document} +\setlength{\unitlength}{1.5mm} +\noindent +\begin{picture}(100,50) + \put(0,0){The First Picture} + \put(0,47){upper left} + \put(70,40){somewhere upper right} + \put(25,25){\parbox[t]{60mm}{A seperate exercise file with the name + \texttt{picture.tex} should be created for the exercises + Bezugspunkt bei der obersten Zeile der Absatzbox}} +\end{picture} + +\bigskip\noindent +\begin{picture}(100,50) + \put(0,0){The First Picture} + \put(0,47){upper left} + \put(70,40){somewhere upper right} + \put(25,25){\parbox[b]{60mm}{A seperate exercise file with the name + \texttt{picture.tex} should be created for the exercises + Bezugspunkt bei der obersten Zeile der Absatzbox}} +\end{picture} +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap15/exer15-3.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap15/exer15-3.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3c927b9ddc3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap15/exer15-3.tex @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\setlength{\textwidth}{156mm} +\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{5mm} +\begin{document} +\setlength{\unitlength}{1mm}\thicklines +\noindent +\begin{picture}(156,65)\small +\multiput(1,0)(26,0){6}{\framebox(24,20){}} +\multiput(8,26)(50,0){3}{\framebox(40,16){}} +\put(48,48){\framebox(60,12){}} +\put(78,57.5){\makebox(0,0){\textbf{Directorate}}} +\put(78,52){\makebox(0,0){Managing Director}} +\put(8,50){\framebox(30,10){\begin{minipage}{27mm}\centering + Scientific\\ Advisors\end{minipage}}} +\put(118,52){\framebox(30,8){Trustees}} +\put(28,40){\makebox(0,0){Science}} +\put(78,40){\makebox(0,0){Administration}} +\put(128,40){\makebox(0,0){Technical Head}} 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+\put(10,0){\line(-1,1){10}} +\put(10,0){\line(-1,3){5}} +\put(10,0){\line(0,1){15}} +\put(10,0){\line(1,2){5}} +\put(10,0){\line(1,1){5}} +\put(15,5){\line(0,1){5}} +\put(15,5){\line(-1,2){5}} +\put(15,5){\line(-1,1){10}} +\put(15,5){\line(-3,1){15}} +\put(15,10){\line(-1,1){5}} +\put(15,10){\line(-2,1){10}} +\put(15,10){\line(-2,1){10}} +\put(15,10){\line(-1,0){15}} +\put(5,15){\line(1,0){5}} +\put(5,15){\line(-1,-1){5}} +\put(0,10){\line(2,1){10}} +\end{picture} +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap15/exer15-6.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap15/exer15-6.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0b3c562b882 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap15/exer15-6.tex @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\setlength{\textwidth}{130mm} +\begin{document} +\unitlength2.0mm +\begin{picture}(60,28)\thicklines +\multiput(7.5,3)(18,0){2}{\circle{5.5}} +\multiput(7.5,3)(18,0){2}{\circle{2.5}} +\multiput(7.5,3)(18,0){2}{\circle*{0.5}} +\put(16.5,3){\oval(24,6)} +\multiput(10.5,0.5)(1.5,0){9}{\circle*{1}} +\multiput(11.25,5.5)(1.5,0){8}{\circle*{1}} +\put(3.5,2.5){\line(0,1){2.5}} +\put(3.5,5){\line(1,1){2.5}} +\put(29.5,2.5){\line(0,1){2.5}} +\put(29.5,5){\line(-1,1){2.5}} +\put(6,7.5){\line(1,0){21}} +\put(5.25,6.75){\line(1,0){22.5}} +\put(23,8){\line(-1,6){0.5}} +\put(11.5,8){\line(1,3){1}} +\put(11.25,8){\line(1,3){1}} +\put(11.5,8){\line(1,0){11.5}} +\put(12.5,11){\line(1,0){10}} +\put(11.25,9.5){\oval(3,3)[l]} +\put(11.25,11){\line(1,0){1}} +\put(10,9.5){\oval(10,1.5)[l]} +\put(5,9.5){\oval(10,0.9)[l]} +\put(18,11){\oval(2.5,2.5)[t]} +\put(0,0){\line(0,1){2.5}} +\put(0,0){\line(1,0){2.5}} +\put(23,13){$\scriptstyle LU=2~mm$} +\end{picture} +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap15/exer15-7.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap15/exer15-7.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f0c686601de --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap15/exer15-7.tex @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\usepackage{graphpap} +\begin{document} +\setlength{\unitlength}{2mm} +\graphpaper[1](0,0)(50,75) +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap2/exer2-1.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap2/exer2-1.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..55dfbfa70fe --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap2/exer2-1.tex @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +Today (\today) the rate of exchange between the British +pound and American dollar is \pounds = \$1.71, an +increase of 1\% over yesterday. +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap2/exer2-2.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap2/exer2-2.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3e3b95c66d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap2/exer2-2.tex @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +CAN VENICE BE SAVED? + +Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. +The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most +famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its +signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian +engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now +a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series +of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. + +The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. +Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in +the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the +water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. +Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea +levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses +and making sidewalks and squares impossible. + +The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a +small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of +a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon +from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. +These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, +with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's +seawalls. + +In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and +construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water +flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the +plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of +the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m +wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the +seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with +water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air +would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float +upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off +the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates +are up. + +The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least +\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the +fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised +so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the +lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an +environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. +Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to +its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's +not too bad. + +%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap2/exer2-3a.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap2/exer2-3a.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..08a38d23b12 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap2/exer2-3a.tex @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\usepackage{eurosym} +\begin{document} +Today (\today) the rate of exchange between the British pound +and European euro is \pounds 1 = \euro1.44, an increase of 1\% +over yesterday. +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap2/exer2-3b.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap2/exer2-3b.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ca26eeaec38 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap2/exer2-3b.tex @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\usepackage{textcomp} +\begin{document} +Today (\today) the rate of exchange between the British pound +and European euro is \pounds 1 = \textsf{\texteuro}1.44, an +increase of 1\% over yesterday. +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap2/exer2-3c.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap2/exer2-3c.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7b774a221dc --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap2/exer2-3c.tex @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\usepackage{europs} +\begin{document} +Today (\today) the rate of exchange between the British pound +and European euro is \pounds 1 = \EUR1.44, an increase of 1\% +over yesterday. +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-10.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-10.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9dc297215fb --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-10.tex @@ -0,0 +1,170 @@ +\documentclass[twoside]{report} +\pagestyle{headings} +\begin{document} +%\Title{Exercises} \author{Steven Writer\\ Texas A \& M University\\ +% Department of Computer Science} +%\date{College Station, Texas \today} \maketitle +\chapter{Floodings at Venice over Centuries} +\section{Solution for Venice's Flooding Problems} +\subsection{Can Venice be Saved?} + +Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. +The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most +famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its +signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian +engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now +a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series +of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. + +The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. +Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in +the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the +water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. +Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea +levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses +and making sidewalks and squares impossible. + +The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a +small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of +a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon +from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. +These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, +with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's +seawalls. + +In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and +construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water +flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the +plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of +the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m +wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the +seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with +water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air +would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float +upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off +the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates +are up. + +The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least +\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the +fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised +so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the +lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an +environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. +Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to +its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's +not too bad. + +%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 + +\subsection{Additional Information to the Gates} + +The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent +building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled +for removal and cleaning. + +The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain +out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, +compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise +to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is +admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. + +\chapter{Preface to the \LaTeX-Guide} +\section{General Remarks} + +A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: +Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 +that a new release of this manual is justified? + +The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ +world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the +second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge +between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had +been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third +edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was +still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its +familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ +environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 +the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear +months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old +version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. +In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its +syntax and usage. + +But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its +peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for +PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ +directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic +features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such +that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the +`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include +user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. +Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie +Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This +edition reflects this increase in breadth. + +\section{The Changes in Detail} +The changes to the fourth edition are mainly those of emphasis. + +1. The material has been reorganized into `Basics' and `Beyond the Basics' + (`advanced' sounds too intimidating) while the appendices contain + topics that really can be skipped by most everyday users. Exception: + Appendix H is an alphabetized command summary that many + people find extremely useful (including ourselves). + + This reorganizing is meant to stress certain aspects over others. For + example, the section on graphics inclusion and color was originally + treated as an exotic freak, relegated to an appendix on extensions; in the + third edition, it moved up to be included in a front chapter along with the + picture environment and floats; now it dominates + Chapter 6 all on its own, the floats come in the following + Chapter 7, and `picture' is banished to the later + Chapter 13. This is not to say that the picture features are no good, + but only that they are very specialized. We add + descriptions of additional drawing possibilities there too. + +2. It is stressed as much as possible that \LaTeX\ is a markup language, + with separation of content and form. Typographical settings + should be placed in the preamble, while the body contains only logical + markup. This is in keeping with the modern ideas of XML, where form and + content are radically segregated. + +3. Throughout this edition, contributed packages are explained at that point + in the text where they are most relevant. The `fancyhdr' package + comes in the section on page styles, `natbib' where literature + citations are explained. This stresses that these `extensions' are part of + the \LaTeX\ system as a whole. However, to remind the user that they must + still be explicitly loaded, a marginal note is placed at the start of their + descriptions. + +4. PDF output is taken for granted throughout the book, in addition to the + classical DVI format. This means that the added possibilities of `pdf\TeX' + and `dvipdfm' are explained where they are relevant. A separate + Chapter 10 on PostScript and PDF is still necessary, and the + best interface to PDF output, the `hyperref' package by Sebastian + Rahtz, is explained in detail. PDF is also included in + Chapter 15 on presentation material + + On the other hand, the other Web output formats, HTML and XML, are only + dealt with briefly in Appendix E, since these are large topics + treated in other books, most noticeably the `\LaTeX\ Web Companion'. + +5. This book is being distributed with the \TeX Live CD, with the kind + permission of Sebastian Rahtz who maintains it for the \TeX\ Users Group. + It contains a full \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ installation for Windows, Macintosh, + and Linux, plus many of the myriad extensions that exist. + +We once again express our hope that this \textsl{Guide} will prove more than +useful to all those who wish to find their way through the intricate world of +\LaTeX. And with the addition of the \TeX Live CD, that world is brought even +closer to their doorsteps. + +\section{Demonstration for running heads} +One main reason for this exercise was the demonstration of running heads +at the top of the pages execept for the first pages after the +chapter sectioning commands. The running heads on even pages consist +of the actual chapter number and the chapter title. For odd pages consist +the running heads of actual section command for these pages as here +demonstrated. +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-11.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-11.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..11cde4f1317 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-11.tex @@ -0,0 +1,170 @@ +\documentclass[twoside]{report} +\pagestyle{headings} +\begin{document} +%\Title{Exercises} \author{Steven Writer\\ Texas A \& M University\\ +% Department of Computer Science} +%\date{College Station, Texas \today} \maketitle +\chapter[Floodings at Venice]{Floodings at Venice over Centuries} +\section[A Problem's Solution]{Solution for Venice's Flooding Problems} +\subsection{Can Venice be Saved?} + +Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. +The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most +famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its +signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian +engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now +a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series +of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. + +The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. +Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in +the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the +water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. +Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea +levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses +and making sidewalks and squares impossible. + +The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a +small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of +a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon +from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. +These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, +with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's +seawalls. + +In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and +construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water +flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the +plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of +the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m +wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the +seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with +water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air +would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float +upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off +the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates +are up. + +The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least +\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the +fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised +so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the +lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an +environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. +Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to +its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's +not too bad. + +%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 + +\subsection{Additional Information to the Gates} + +The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent +building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled +for removal and cleaning. + +The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain +out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, +compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise +to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is +admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. + +\chapter[Preface]{Preface to the \LaTeX-Guide} +\section{General Remarks} + +A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: +Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 +that a new release of this manual is justified? + +The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ +world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the +second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge +between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had +been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third +edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was +still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its +familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ +environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 +the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear +months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old +version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. +In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its +syntax and usage. + +But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its +peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for +PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ +directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic +features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such +that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the +`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include +user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. +Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie +Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This +edition reflects this increase in breadth. + +\section[The Changes]{The Changes in Detail} +The changes to the fourth edition are mainly those of emphasis. + +1. The material has been reorganized into `Basics' and `Beyond the Basics' + (`advanced' sounds too intimidating) while the appendices contain + topics that really can be skipped by most everyday users. Exception: + Appendix H is an alphabetized command summary that many + people find extremely useful (including ourselves). + + This reorganizing is meant to stress certain aspects over others. For + example, the section on graphics inclusion and color was originally + treated as an exotic freak, relegated to an appendix on extensions; in the + third edition, it moved up to be included in a front chapter along with the + picture environment and floats; now it dominates + Chapter 6 all on its own, the floats come in the following + Chapter 7, and `picture' is banished to the later + Chapter 13. This is not to say that the picture features are no good, + but only that they are very specialized. We add + descriptions of additional drawing possibilities there too. + +2. It is stressed as much as possible that \LaTeX\ is a markup language, + with separation of content and form. Typographical settings + should be placed in the preamble, while the body contains only logical + markup. This is in keeping with the modern ideas of XML, where form and + content are radically segregated. + +3. Throughout this edition, contributed packages are explained at that point + in the text where they are most relevant. The `fancyhdr' package + comes in the section on page styles, `natbib' where literature + citations are explained. This stresses that these `extensions' are part of + the \LaTeX\ system as a whole. However, to remind the user that they must + still be explicitly loaded, a marginal note is placed at the start of their + descriptions. + +4. PDF output is taken for granted throughout the book, in addition to the + classical DVI format. This means that the added possibilities of `pdf\TeX' + and `dvipdfm' are explained where they are relevant. A separate + Chapter 10 on PostScript and PDF is still necessary, and the + best interface to PDF output, the `hyperref' package by Sebastian + Rahtz, is explained in detail. PDF is also included in + Chapter 15 on presentation material + + On the other hand, the other Web output formats, HTML and XML, are only + dealt with briefly in Appendix E, since these are large topics + treated in other books, most noticeably the `\LaTeX\ Web Companion'. + +5. This book is being distributed with the \TeX Live CD, with the kind + permission of Sebastian Rahtz who maintains it for the \TeX\ Users Group. + It contains a full \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ installation for Windows, Macintosh, + and Linux, plus many of the myriad extensions that exist. + +We once again express our hope that this \textsl{Guide} will prove more than +useful to all those who wish to find their way through the intricate world of +\LaTeX. And with the addition of the \TeX Live CD, that world is brought even +closer to their doorsteps. + +\section[Running heads]{Demonstration for running heads} +One main reason for this exercise was the demonstration of running heads +at the top of the pages execept for the first pages after the +chapter sectioning commands. The running heads on even pages consist +of the actual chapter number and the chapter title. For odd pages consist +the running heads of actual section command for these pages as here +demonstrated. +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-12.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-12.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..fdc780ac5ac --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-12.tex @@ -0,0 +1,174 @@ +\documentclass[twoside]{report} +\pagestyle{headings} +\begin{document} +%\Title{Exercises} \author{Steven Writer\\ Texas A \& M University\\ +% Department of Computer Science} +%\date{College Station, Texas \today} \maketitle +\pagenumbering{roman} +\tableofcontents \newpage +\pagenumbering{arabic} + +\chapter[Floodings at Venice]{Floodings at Venice over Centuries} +\section[A Problem's Solution]{Solution for Venice's Flooding Problems} +\subsection{Can Venice be Saved?} + +Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. +The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most +famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its +signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian +engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now +a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series +of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. + +The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. +Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in +the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the +water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. +Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea +levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses +and making sidewalks and squares impossible. + +The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a +small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of +a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon +from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. +These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, +with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's +seawalls. + +In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and +construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water +flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the +plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of +the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m +wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the +seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with +water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air +would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float +upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off +the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates +are up. + +The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least +\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the +fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised +so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the +lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an +environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. +Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to +its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's +not too bad. + +%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 + +\subsection{Additional Information to the Gates} + +The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent +building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled +for removal and cleaning. + +The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain +out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, +compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise +to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is +admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. + +\chapter[Preface]{Preface to the \LaTeX-Guide} +\section{General Remarks} + +A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: +Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 +that a new release of this manual is justified? + +The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ +world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the +second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge +between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had +been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third +edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was +still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its +familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ +environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 +the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear +months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old +version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. +In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its +syntax and usage. + +But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its +peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for +PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ +directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic +features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such +that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the +`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include +user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. +Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie +Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This +edition reflects this increase in breadth. + +\section[The Changes]{The Changes in Detail} +The changes to the fourth edition are mainly those of emphasis. + +1. The material has been reorganized into `Basics' and `Beyond the Basics' + (`advanced' sounds too intimidating) while the appendices contain + topics that really can be skipped by most everyday users. Exception: + Appendix H is an alphabetized command summary that many + people find extremely useful (including ourselves). + + This reorganizing is meant to stress certain aspects over others. For + example, the section on graphics inclusion and color was originally + treated as an exotic freak, relegated to an appendix on extensions; in the + third edition, it moved up to be included in a front chapter along with the + picture environment and floats; now it dominates + Chapter 6 all on its own, the floats come in the following + Chapter 7, and `picture' is banished to the later + Chapter 13. This is not to say that the picture features are no good, + but only that they are very specialized. We add + descriptions of additional drawing possibilities there too. + +2. It is stressed as much as possible that \LaTeX\ is a markup language, + with separation of content and form. Typographical settings + should be placed in the preamble, while the body contains only logical + markup. This is in keeping with the modern ideas of XML, where form and + content are radically segregated. + +3. Throughout this edition, contributed packages are explained at that point + in the text where they are most relevant. The `fancyhdr' package + comes in the section on page styles, `natbib' where literature + citations are explained. This stresses that these `extensions' are part of + the \LaTeX\ system as a whole. However, to remind the user that they must + still be explicitly loaded, a marginal note is placed at the start of their + descriptions. + +4. PDF output is taken for granted throughout the book, in addition to the + classical DVI format. This means that the added possibilities of `pdf\TeX' + and `dvipdfm' are explained where they are relevant. A separate + Chapter 10 on PostScript and PDF is still necessary, and the + best interface to PDF output, the `hyperref' package by Sebastian + Rahtz, is explained in detail. PDF is also included in + Chapter 15 on presentation material + + On the other hand, the other Web output formats, HTML and XML, are only + dealt with briefly in Appendix E, since these are large topics + treated in other books, most noticeably the `\LaTeX\ Web Companion'. + +5. This book is being distributed with the \TeX Live CD, with the kind + permission of Sebastian Rahtz who maintains it for the \TeX\ Users Group. + It contains a full \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ installation for Windows, Macintosh, + and Linux, plus many of the myriad extensions that exist. + +We once again express our hope that this \textsl{Guide} will prove more than +useful to all those who wish to find their way through the intricate world of +\LaTeX. And with the addition of the \TeX Live CD, that world is brought even +closer to their doorsteps. + +\section[Running heads]{Demonstration for running heads} +One main reason for this exercise was the demonstration of running heads +at the top of the pages execept for the first pages after the +chapter sectioning commands. The running heads on even pages consist +of the actual chapter number and the chapter title. For odd pages consist +the running heads of actual section command for these pages as here +demonstrated. +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-12.toc b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-12.toc new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f82595285fb --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-12.toc @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Floodings at Venice}{1} +\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.1}A Problem's Solution}{1} +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1.1}Can Venice be Saved?}{1} +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1.2}Additional Information to the Gate}{2} +\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Preface}{3} +\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}General Remarks}{3} +\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}The Changes}{4} +\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}Running heads}{5} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-1a.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-1a.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e9c20784095 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-1a.tex @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +\documentclass[11pt]{article} +\begin{document} +CAN VENICE BE SAVED? + +Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. +The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most +famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its +signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian +engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now +a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series +of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. + +The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. +Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in +the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the +water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. +Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea +levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses +and making sidewalks and squares impossible. + +The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a +small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of +a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon +from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. +These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, +with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's +seawalls. + +In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and +construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water +flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the +plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of +the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m +wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the +seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with +water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air +would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float +upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off +the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates +are up. + +The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least +\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the +fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised +so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the +lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an +environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. +Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to +its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's +not too bad. + +%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-1b.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-1b.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..59f30218cdb --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-1b.tex @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +\documentclass[12pt]{article} +\begin{document} +CAN VENICE BE SAVED? + +Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. +The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most +famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its +signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian +engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now +a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series +of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. + +The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. +Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in +the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the +water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. +Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea +levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses +and making sidewalks and squares impossible. + +The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a +small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of +a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon +from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. +These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, +with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's +seawalls. + +In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and +construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water +flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the +plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of +the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m +wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the +seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with +water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air +would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float +upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off +the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates +are up. + +The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least +\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the +fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised +so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the +lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an +environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. +Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to +its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's +not too bad. + +%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-2.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-2.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4aa38dc98e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-2.tex @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +\documentclass[twocolumn]{article} +\begin{document} +CAN VENICE BE SAVED? + +Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. +The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most +famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its +signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian +engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now +a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series +of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. + +The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. +Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in +the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the +water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. +Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea +levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses +and making sidewalks and squares impossible. + +The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a +small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of +a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon +from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. +These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, +with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's +seawalls. + +In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and +construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water +flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the +plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of +the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m +wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the +seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with +water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air +would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float +upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off +the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates +are up. + +The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least +\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the +fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised +so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the +lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an +environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. +Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to +its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's +not too bad. + +%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-3.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-3.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4a9580c1e3a --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-3.tex @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ +\documentclass[11pt]{article} +\pagestyle{myheadings} \markright{Exercises} +\pagenumbering{Roman} +\begin{document} +CAN VENICE BE SAVED? + +Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. +The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most +famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its +signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian +engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now +a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series +of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. + +The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. +Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in +the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the +water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. +Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea +levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses +and making sidewalks and squares impossible. + +The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a +small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of +a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon +from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. +These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, +with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's +seawalls. + +In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and +construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water +flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the +plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of +the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m +wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the +seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with +water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air +would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float +upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off +the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates +are up. + +The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least +\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the +fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised +so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the +lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an +environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. +Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to +its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's +not too bad. + +%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 + +\bigskip +ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO THE GATES. + +The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent +building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled +for removal and cleaning. + +The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain +out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, +compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise +to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is +admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. + +\bigskip +PREFACE TO THE \LaTeX-GUIDE + +\medskip +A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: +Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 +that a new release of this manual is justified? + +The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ +world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the +second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge +between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had +been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third +edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was +still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its +familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ +environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 +the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear +months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old +version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. +In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its +syntax and usage. + +But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its +peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for +PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ +directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic +features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such +that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the +`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include +user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. +Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie +Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This +edition reflects this increase in breadth. +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-4a.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-4a.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5b2a3215456 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-4a.tex @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\usepackage{parskip} +\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.2} +\pagestyle{myheadings} \markright{Exercises} +\pagenumbering{Roman} +\begin{document} +CAN VENICE BE SAVED? + +Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. +The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most +famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its +signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian +engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now +a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series +of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. + +The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. +Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in +the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the +water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. +Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea +levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses +and making sidewalks and squares impossible. + +The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a +small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of +a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon +from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. +These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, +with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's +seawalls. + +In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and +construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water +flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the +plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of +the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m +wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the +seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with +water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air +would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float +upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off +the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates +are up. + +The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least +\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the +fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised +so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the +lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an +environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. +Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to +its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's +not too bad. + +%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 + +\bigskip +ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO THE GATES. + +The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent +building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled +for removal and cleaning. + +The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain +out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, +compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise +to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is +admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. + +\bigskip +PREFACE TO THE \LaTeX-GUIDE + +\medskip +A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: +Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 +that a new release of this manual is justified? + +The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ +world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the +second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge +between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had +been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third +edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was +still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its +familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ +environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 +the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear +months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old +version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. +In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its +syntax and usage. + +But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its +peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for +PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ +directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic +features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such +that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the +`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include +user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. +Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie +Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This +edition reflects this increase in breadth. +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-4b.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-4b.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a66330b8c7d --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-4b.tex @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\usepackage{parskip} +\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.5} +\pagestyle{myheadings} \markright{Exercises} +\pagenumbering{Roman} +\begin{document} +CAN VENICE BE SAVED? + +Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. +The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most +famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its +signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian +engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now +a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series +of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. + +The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. +Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in +the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the +water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. +Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea +levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses +and making sidewalks and squares impossible. + +The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a +small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of +a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon +from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. +These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, +with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's +seawalls. + +In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and +construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water +flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the +plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of +the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m +wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the +seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with +water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air +would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float +upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off +the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates +are up. + +The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least +\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the +fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised +so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the +lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an +environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. +Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to +its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's +not too bad. + +%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 + +\bigskip +ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO THE GATES. + +The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent +building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled +for removal and cleaning. + +The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain +out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, +compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise +to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is +admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. + +\bigskip +PREFACE TO THE \LaTeX-GUIDE + +\medskip +A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: +Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 +that a new release of this manual is justified? + +The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ +world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the +second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge +between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had +been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third +edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was +still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its +familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ +environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 +the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear +months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old +version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. +In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its +syntax and usage. + +But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its +peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for +PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ +directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic +features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such +that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the +`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include +user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. +Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie +Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This +edition reflects this increase in breadth. +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-5a.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-5a.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8eaf9fe8579 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-5a.tex @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +\documentclass[11pt]{article} +\pagestyle{myheadings} \markright{Exercises} +\pagenumbering{Roman} +\setlength{\textwidth}{15cm} \setlength{\textheight}{23cm} +\begin{document} +CAN VENICE BE SAVED? + +Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. +The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most +famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its +signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian +engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now +a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series +of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. + +The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. +Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in +the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the +water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. +Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea +levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses +and making sidewalks and squares impossible. + +The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a +small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of +a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon +from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. +These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, +with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's +seawalls. + +In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and +construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water +flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the +plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of +the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m +wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the +seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with +water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air +would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float +upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off +the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates +are up. + +The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least +\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the +fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised +so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the +lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an +environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. +Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to +its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's +not too bad. + +%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 + +\bigskip +ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO THE GATES. + +The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent +building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled +for removal and cleaning. + +The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain +out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, +compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise +to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is +admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. + +\bigskip +PREFACE TO THE \LaTeX-GUIDE + +\medskip +A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: +Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 +that a new release of this manual is justified? + +The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ +world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the +second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge +between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had +been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third +edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was +still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its +familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ +environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 +the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear +months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old +version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. +In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its +syntax and usage. + +But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its +peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for +PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ +directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic +features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such +that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the +`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include +user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. +Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie +Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This +edition reflects this increase in breadth. +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-5b.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-5b.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5f881200c8d --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-5b.tex @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +\documentclass[11pt]{article} +\pagestyle{myheadings} \markright{Exercises} +\pagenumbering{Roman} +\setlength{\textwidth}{15cm} \setlength{\textheight}{23cm} +\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{7.5mm} \setlength{\topmargin}{-5mm} +%*********************************************************************** +% The chosen values for \oddsidemargin and \topmargin are appropriate * +% for a4 paper format. If your printer uses a different papersize, * +% e.g. letter format, adjust this values to those, appropriate for * +% your printer's paper format. * +%*********************************************************************** +\begin{document} +CAN VENICE BE SAVED? + +Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. +The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most +famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its +signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian +engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now +a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series +of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. + +The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. +Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in +the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the +water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. +Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea +levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses +and making sidewalks and squares impossible. + +The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a +small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of +a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon +from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. +These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, +with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's +seawalls. + +In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and +construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water +flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the +plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of +the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m +wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the +seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with +water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air +would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float +upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off +the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates +are up. + +The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least +\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the +fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised +so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the +lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an +environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. +Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to +its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's +not too bad. + +%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 + +\bigskip +ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO THE GATES. + +The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent +building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled +for removal and cleaning. + +The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain +out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, +compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise +to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is +admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. + +\bigskip +PREFACE TO THE \LaTeX-GUIDE + +\medskip +A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: +Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 +that a new release of this manual is justified? + +The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ +world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the +second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge +between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had +been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third +edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was +still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its +familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ +environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 +the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear +months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old +version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. +In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its +syntax and usage. + +But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its +peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for +PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ +directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic +features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such +that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the +`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include +user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. +Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie +Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This +edition reflects this increase in breadth. +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-6.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-6.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..797b1a06680 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-6.tex @@ -0,0 +1,162 @@ +\documentclass[11pt]{article} +\pagestyle{myheadings} \markright{Exercises} +\pagenumbering{Roman} +\setlength{\textwidth}{15cm} \setlength{\textheight}{23cm} +\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{7.5mm} \setlength{\topmargin}{-5mm} +\flushbottom +\begin{document} +CAN VENICE BE SAVED? + +Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. +The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most +famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its +signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian +engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now +a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series +of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. + +The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. +Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in +the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the +water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. +Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea +levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses +and making sidewalks and squares impossible. + +The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a +small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of +a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon +from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. +These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, +with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's +seawalls. + +In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and +construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water +flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the +plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of +the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m +wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the +seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with +water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air +would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float +upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off +the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates +are up. + +The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least +\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the +fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised +so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the +lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an +environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. +Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to +its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's +not too bad. + +%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 + +\bigskip +ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO THE GATES. + +The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent +building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled +for removal and cleaning. + +The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain +out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, +compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise +to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is +admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. + +\bigskip +PREFACE TO THE \LaTeX-GUIDE + +\medskip +A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: +Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 +that a new release of this manual is justified? + +The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ +world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the +second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge +between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had +been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third +edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was +still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its +familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ +environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 +the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear +months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old +version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. +In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its +syntax and usage. + +But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its +peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for +PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ +directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic +features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such +that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the +`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include +user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. +Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie +Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This +edition reflects this increase in breadth. + +The changes to the fourth edition are mainly those of emphasis. + +1. The material has been reorganized into `Basics' and `Beyond the Basics' + (`advanced' sounds too intimidating) while the appendices contain + topics that really can be skipped by most everyday users. Exception: + Appendix H is an alphabetized command summary that many + people find extremely useful (including ourselves). + + This reorganizing is meant to stress certain aspects over others. For + example, the section on graphics inclusion and color was originally + treated as an exotic freak, relegated to an appendix on extensions; in the + third edition, it moved up to be included in a front chapter along with the + picture environment and floats; now it dominates + Chapter 6 all on its own, the floats come in the following + Chapter 7, and `picture' is banished to the later + Chapter 13. This is not to say that the picture features are no good, + but only that they are very specialized. We add + descriptions of additional drawing possibilities there too. + +2. It is stressed as much as possible that \LaTeX\ is a markup language, + with separation of content and form. Typographical settings + should be placed in the preamble, while the body contains only logical + markup. This is in keeping with the modern ideas of XML, where form and + content are radically segregated. + +3. Throughout this edition, contributed packages are explained at that point + in the text where they are most relevant. The `fancyhdr' package + comes in the section on page styles, `natbib' where literature + citations are explained. This stresses that these `extensions' are part of + the \LaTeX\ system as a whole. However, to remind the user that they must + still be explicitly loaded, a marginal note is placed at the start of their + descriptions. + +4. PDF output is taken for granted throughout the book, in addition to the + classical DVI format. This means that the added possibilities of `pdf\TeX' + and `dvipdfm' are explained where they are relevant. A separate + Chapter 10 on PostScript and PDF is still necessary, and the + best interface to PDF output, the `hyperref' package by Sebastian + Rahtz, is explained in detail. PDF is also included in + Chapter 15 on presentation material + + On the other hand, the other Web output formats, HTML and XML, are only + dealt with briefly in Appendix E, since these are large topics + treated in other books, most noticeably the `\LaTeX\ Web Companion'. + +5. This book is being distributed with the \TeX Live CD, with the kind + permission of Sebastian Rahtz who maintains it for the \TeX\ Users Group. + It contains a full \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ installation for Windows, Macintosh, + and Linux, plus many of the myriad extensions that exist. + +We once again express our hope that this \textsl{Guide} will prove more than +useful to all those who wish to find their way through the intricate world of +\LaTeX. And with the addition of the \TeX Live CD, that world is brought even +closer to their doorsteps. +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-7a.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-7a.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..08d2848730e --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-7a.tex @@ -0,0 +1,161 @@ +\documentclass[11pt,twoside]{article} +\pagestyle{myheadings} \markright{Exercises} +\pagenumbering{Roman} +\setlength{\textwidth}{15cm} \setlength{\textheight}{23cm} +\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{7.5mm} \setlength{\topmargin}{-5mm} +\begin{document} +CAN VENICE BE SAVED? + +Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. +The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most +famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its +signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian +engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now +a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series +of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. + +The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. +Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in +the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the +water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. +Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea +levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses +and making sidewalks and squares impossible. + +The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a +small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of +a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon +from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. +These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, +with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's +seawalls. + +In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and +construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water +flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the +plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of +the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m +wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the +seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with +water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air +would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float +upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off +the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates +are up. + +The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least +\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the +fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised +so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the +lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an +environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. +Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to +its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's +not too bad. + +%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 + +\bigskip +ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO THE GATES. + +The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent +building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled +for removal and cleaning. + +The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain +out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, +compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise +to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is +admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. + +\bigskip +PREFACE TO THE \LaTeX-GUIDE + +\medskip +A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: +Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 +that a new release of this manual is justified? + +The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ +world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the +second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge +between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had +been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third +edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was +still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its +familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ +environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 +the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear +months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old +version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. +In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its +syntax and usage. + +But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its +peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for +PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ +directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic +features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such +that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the +`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include +user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. +Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie +Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This +edition reflects this increase in breadth. + +The changes to the fourth edition are mainly those of emphasis. + +1. The material has been reorganized into `Basics' and `Beyond the Basics' + (`advanced' sounds too intimidating) while the appendices contain + topics that really can be skipped by most everyday users. Exception: + Appendix H is an alphabetized command summary that many + people find extremely useful (including ourselves). + + This reorganizing is meant to stress certain aspects over others. For + example, the section on graphics inclusion and color was originally + treated as an exotic freak, relegated to an appendix on extensions; in the + third edition, it moved up to be included in a front chapter along with the + picture environment and floats; now it dominates + Chapter 6 all on its own, the floats come in the following + Chapter 7, and `picture' is banished to the later + Chapter 13. This is not to say that the picture features are no good, + but only that they are very specialized. We add + descriptions of additional drawing possibilities there too. + +2. It is stressed as much as possible that \LaTeX\ is a markup language, + with separation of content and form. Typographical settings + should be placed in the preamble, while the body contains only logical + markup. This is in keeping with the modern ideas of XML, where form and + content are radically segregated. + +3. Throughout this edition, contributed packages are explained at that point + in the text where they are most relevant. The `fancyhdr' package + comes in the section on page styles, `natbib' where literature + citations are explained. This stresses that these `extensions' are part of + the \LaTeX\ system as a whole. However, to remind the user that they must + still be explicitly loaded, a marginal note is placed at the start of their + descriptions. + +4. PDF output is taken for granted throughout the book, in addition to the + classical DVI format. This means that the added possibilities of `pdf\TeX' + and `dvipdfm' are explained where they are relevant. A separate + Chapter 10 on PostScript and PDF is still necessary, and the + best interface to PDF output, the `hyperref' package by Sebastian + Rahtz, is explained in detail. PDF is also included in + Chapter 15 on presentation material + + On the other hand, the other Web output formats, HTML and XML, are only + dealt with briefly in Appendix E, since these are large topics + treated in other books, most noticeably the `\LaTeX\ Web Companion'. + +5. This book is being distributed with the \TeX Live CD, with the kind + permission of Sebastian Rahtz who maintains it for the \TeX\ Users Group. + It contains a full \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ installation for Windows, Macintosh, + and Linux, plus many of the myriad extensions that exist. + +We once again express our hope that this \textsl{Guide} will prove more than +useful to all those who wish to find their way through the intricate world of +\LaTeX. And with the addition of the \TeX Live CD, that world is brought even +closer to their doorsteps. +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-7b.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-7b.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7a50acd4b6d --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-7b.tex @@ -0,0 +1,168 @@ +\documentclass[11pt,twoside]{article} +\pagestyle{myheadings} \markright{Exercises} +\pagenumbering{Roman} +\setlength{\textwidth}{15cm} \setlength{\textheight}{23cm} +\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{7.5mm} \setlength{\topmargin}{-5mm} +\setlength{\evensidemargin}{1mm} +%************************************************************************* +% Again the chosen values for \oddsidemargin, \topmargin and \evenside- * +% margin are appropriate for a4 paper format. If your printer uses a * +% different papersize, e.g. letter format, adjust this values to those * +% appropriate for your printer's paper format. * +%************************************************************************* +\begin{document} +CAN VENICE BE SAVED? + +Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. +The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most +famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its +signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian +engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now +a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series +of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. + +The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. +Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in +the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the +water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. +Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea +levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses +and making sidewalks and squares impossible. + +The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a +small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of +a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon +from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. +These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, +with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's +seawalls. + +In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and +construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water +flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the +plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of +the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m +wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the +seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with +water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air +would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float +upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off +the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates +are up. + +The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least +\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the +fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised +so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the +lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an +environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. +Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to +its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's +not too bad. + +%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 + +\bigskip +ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO THE GATES. + +The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent +building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled +for removal and cleaning. + +The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain +out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, +compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise +to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is +admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. + +\bigskip +PREFACE TO THE \LaTeX-GUIDE + +\medskip +A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: +Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 +that a new release of this manual is justified? + +The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ +world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the +second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge +between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had +been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third +edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was +still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its +familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ +environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 +the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear +months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old +version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. +In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its +syntax and usage. + +But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its +peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for +PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ +directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic +features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such +that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the +`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include +user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. +Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie +Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This +edition reflects this increase in breadth. + +The changes to the fourth edition are mainly those of emphasis. + +1. The material has been reorganized into `Basics' and `Beyond the Basics' + (`advanced' sounds too intimidating) while the appendices contain + topics that really can be skipped by most everyday users. Exception: + Appendix H is an alphabetized command summary that many + people find extremely useful (including ourselves). + + This reorganizing is meant to stress certain aspects over others. For + example, the section on graphics inclusion and color was originally + treated as an exotic freak, relegated to an appendix on extensions; in the + third edition, it moved up to be included in a front chapter along with the + picture environment and floats; now it dominates + Chapter 6 all on its own, the floats come in the following + Chapter 7, and `picture' is banished to the later + Chapter 13. This is not to say that the picture features are no good, + but only that they are very specialized. We add + descriptions of additional drawing possibilities there too. + +2. It is stressed as much as possible that \LaTeX\ is a markup language, + with separation of content and form. Typographical settings + should be placed in the preamble, while the body contains only logical + markup. This is in keeping with the modern ideas of XML, where form and + content are radically segregated. + +3. Throughout this edition, contributed packages are explained at that point + in the text where they are most relevant. The `fancyhdr' package + comes in the section on page styles, `natbib' where literature + citations are explained. This stresses that these `extensions' are part of + the \LaTeX\ system as a whole. However, to remind the user that they must + still be explicitly loaded, a marginal note is placed at the start of their + descriptions. + +4. PDF output is taken for granted throughout the book, in addition to the + classical DVI format. This means that the added possibilities of `pdf\TeX' + and `dvipdfm' are explained where they are relevant. A separate + Chapter 10 on PostScript and PDF is still necessary, and the + best interface to PDF output, the `hyperref' package by Sebastian + Rahtz, is explained in detail. PDF is also included in + Chapter 15 on presentation material + + On the other hand, the other Web output formats, HTML and XML, are only + dealt with briefly in Appendix E, since these are large topics + treated in other books, most noticeably the `\LaTeX\ Web Companion'. + +5. This book is being distributed with the \TeX Live CD, with the kind + permission of Sebastian Rahtz who maintains it for the \TeX\ Users Group. + It contains a full \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ installation for Windows, Macintosh, + and Linux, plus many of the myriad extensions that exist. + +We once again express our hope that this \textsl{Guide} will prove more than +useful to all those who wish to find their way through the intricate world of +\LaTeX. And with the addition of the \TeX Live CD, that world is brought even +closer to their doorsteps. +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-8a.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-8a.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..81c9c96889f --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-8a.tex @@ -0,0 +1,161 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\pagestyle{myheadings} \markright{Exercises} +\begin{document} +\title{Exercises} \author{Steven Writer\\Texas A \& M University\\ +Department of Computer Science} +\date{College Station, Texas \today} \maketitle +CAN VENICE BE SAVED? + +Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. +The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most +famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its +signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian +engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now +a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series +of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. + +The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. +Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in +the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the +water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. +Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea +levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses +and making sidewalks and squares impossible. + +The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a +small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of +a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon +from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. +These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, +with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's +seawalls. + +In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and +construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water +flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the +plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of +the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m +wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the +seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with +water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air +would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float +upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off +the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates +are up. + +The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least +\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the +fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised +so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the +lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an +environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. +Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to +its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's +not too bad. + +%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 + +\bigskip +ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO THE GATES. + +The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent +building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled +for removal and cleaning. + +The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain +out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, +compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise +to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is +admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. + +\bigskip +PREFACE TO THE \LaTeX-GUIDE + +\medskip +A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: +Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 +that a new release of this manual is justified? + +The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ +world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the +second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge +between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had +been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third +edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was +still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its +familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ +environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 +the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear +months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old +version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. +In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its +syntax and usage. + +But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its +peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for +PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ +directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic +features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such +that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the +`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include +user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. +Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie +Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This +edition reflects this increase in breadth. + +The changes to the fourth edition are mainly those of emphasis. + +1. The material has been reorganized into `Basics' and `Beyond the Basics' + (`advanced' sounds too intimidating) while the appendices contain + topics that really can be skipped by most everyday users. Exception: + Appendix H is an alphabetized command summary that many + people find extremely useful (including ourselves). + + This reorganizing is meant to stress certain aspects over others. For + example, the section on graphics inclusion and color was originally + treated as an exotic freak, relegated to an appendix on extensions; in the + third edition, it moved up to be included in a front chapter along with the + picture environment and floats; now it dominates + Chapter 6 all on its own, the floats come in the following + Chapter 7, and `picture' is banished to the later + Chapter 13. This is not to say that the picture features are no good, + but only that they are very specialized. We add + descriptions of additional drawing possibilities there too. + +2. It is stressed as much as possible that \LaTeX\ is a markup language, + with separation of content and form. Typographical settings + should be placed in the preamble, while the body contains only logical + markup. This is in keeping with the modern ideas of XML, where form and + content are radically segregated. + +3. Throughout this edition, contributed packages are explained at that point + in the text where they are most relevant. The `fancyhdr' package + comes in the section on page styles, `natbib' where literature + citations are explained. This stresses that these `extensions' are part of + the \LaTeX\ system as a whole. However, to remind the user that they must + still be explicitly loaded, a marginal note is placed at the start of their + descriptions. + +4. PDF output is taken for granted throughout the book, in addition to the + classical DVI format. This means that the added possibilities of `pdf\TeX' + and `dvipdfm' are explained where they are relevant. A separate + Chapter 10 on PostScript and PDF is still necessary, and the + best interface to PDF output, the `hyperref' package by Sebastian + Rahtz, is explained in detail. PDF is also included in + Chapter 15 on presentation material + + On the other hand, the other Web output formats, HTML and XML, are only + dealt with briefly in Appendix E, since these are large topics + treated in other books, most noticeably the `\LaTeX\ Web Companion'. + +5. This book is being distributed with the \TeX Live CD, with the kind + permission of Sebastian Rahtz who maintains it for the \TeX\ Users Group. + It contains a full \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ installation for Windows, Macintosh, + and Linux, plus many of the myriad extensions that exist. + +We once again express our hope that this \textsl{Guide} will prove more than +useful to all those who wish to find their way through the intricate world of +\LaTeX. And with the addition of the \TeX Live CD, that world is brought even +closer to their doorsteps. +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-8b.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-8b.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..03f58441d60 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-8b.tex @@ -0,0 +1,161 @@ +\documentclass[titlepage]{article} +\pagestyle{myheadings} \markright{Exercises} +\begin{document} +\title{Exercises} \author{Steven Writer\\Texas A \& M University\\ +Department of Computer Science} +\date{College Station, Texas \today} \maketitle +CAN VENICE BE SAVED? + +Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. +The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most +famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its +signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian +engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now +a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series +of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. + +The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. +Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in +the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the +water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. +Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea +levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses +and making sidewalks and squares impossible. + +The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a +small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of +a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon +from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. +These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, +with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's +seawalls. + +In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and +construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water +flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the +plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of +the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m +wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the +seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with +water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air +would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float +upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off +the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates +are up. + +The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least +\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the +fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised +so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the +lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an +environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. +Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to +its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's +not too bad. + +%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 + +\bigskip +ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO THE GATES. + +The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent +building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled +for removal and cleaning. + +The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain +out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, +compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise +to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is +admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. + +\bigskip +PREFACE TO THE \LaTeX-GUIDE + +\medskip +A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: +Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 +that a new release of this manual is justified? + +The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ +world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the +second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge +between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had +been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third +edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was +still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its +familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ +environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 +the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear +months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old +version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. +In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its +syntax and usage. + +But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its +peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for +PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ +directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic +features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such +that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the +`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include +user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. +Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie +Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This +edition reflects this increase in breadth. + +The changes to the fourth edition are mainly those of emphasis. + +1. The material has been reorganized into `Basics' and `Beyond the Basics' + (`advanced' sounds too intimidating) while the appendices contain + topics that really can be skipped by most everyday users. Exception: + Appendix H is an alphabetized command summary that many + people find extremely useful (including ourselves). + + This reorganizing is meant to stress certain aspects over others. For + example, the section on graphics inclusion and color was originally + treated as an exotic freak, relegated to an appendix on extensions; in the + third edition, it moved up to be included in a front chapter along with the + picture environment and floats; now it dominates + Chapter 6 all on its own, the floats come in the following + Chapter 7, and `picture' is banished to the later + Chapter 13. This is not to say that the picture features are no good, + but only that they are very specialized. We add + descriptions of additional drawing possibilities there too. + +2. It is stressed as much as possible that \LaTeX\ is a markup language, + with separation of content and form. Typographical settings + should be placed in the preamble, while the body contains only logical + markup. This is in keeping with the modern ideas of XML, where form and + content are radically segregated. + +3. Throughout this edition, contributed packages are explained at that point + in the text where they are most relevant. The `fancyhdr' package + comes in the section on page styles, `natbib' where literature + citations are explained. This stresses that these `extensions' are part of + the \LaTeX\ system as a whole. However, to remind the user that they must + still be explicitly loaded, a marginal note is placed at the start of their + descriptions. + +4. PDF output is taken for granted throughout the book, in addition to the + classical DVI format. This means that the added possibilities of `pdf\TeX' + and `dvipdfm' are explained where they are relevant. A separate + Chapter 10 on PostScript and PDF is still necessary, and the + best interface to PDF output, the `hyperref' package by Sebastian + Rahtz, is explained in detail. PDF is also included in + Chapter 15 on presentation material + + On the other hand, the other Web output formats, HTML and XML, are only + dealt with briefly in Appendix E, since these are large topics + treated in other books, most noticeably the `\LaTeX\ Web Companion'. + +5. This book is being distributed with the \TeX Live CD, with the kind + permission of Sebastian Rahtz who maintains it for the \TeX\ Users Group. + It contains a full \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ installation for Windows, Macintosh, + and Linux, plus many of the myriad extensions that exist. + +We once again express our hope that this \textsl{Guide} will prove more than +useful to all those who wish to find their way through the intricate world of +\LaTeX. And with the addition of the \TeX Live CD, that world is brought even +closer to their doorsteps. +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-9.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-9.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..93aa23daac5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-9.tex @@ -0,0 +1,160 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +%\Title{Exercises} \author{Steven Writer\\ Texas A \& M University\\ +% Department of Computer Science} +%\date{College Station, Texas \today} \maketitle +\section{Solution for Venice's Flooding Problems} +\subsection{Can Venice be Saved?} + +Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. +The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most +famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its +signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian +engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now +a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series +of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. + +The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. +Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in +the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the +water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. +Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea +levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses +and making sidewalks and squares impossible. + +The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a +small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of +a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon +from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. +These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, +with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's +seawalls. + +In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and +construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water +flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the +plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of +the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m +wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the +seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with +water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air +would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float +upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off +the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates +are up. + +The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least +\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the +fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised +so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the +lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an +environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. +Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to +its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's +not too bad. + +%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 + +\subsection{Additional Information to the Gates} + +The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent +building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled +for removal and cleaning. + +The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain +out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, +compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise +to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is +admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. + +\section{Preface to the \LaTeX-Guide} +\subsection{General Remarks} + +A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: +Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 +that a new release of this manual is justified? + +The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ +world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the +second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge +between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had +been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third +edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was +still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its +familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ +environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 +the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear +months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old +version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. +In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its +syntax and usage. + +But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its +peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for +PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ +directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic +features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such +that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the +`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include +user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. +Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie +Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This +edition reflects this increase in breadth. + +\subsection{The Changes in Detail} +The changes to the fourth edition are mainly those of emphasis. + +1. The material has been reorganized into `Basics' and `Beyond the Basics' + (`advanced' sounds too intimidating) while the appendices contain + topics that really can be skipped by most everyday users. Exception: + Appendix H is an alphabetized command summary that many + people find extremely useful (including ourselves). + + This reorganizing is meant to stress certain aspects over others. For + example, the section on graphics inclusion and color was originally + treated as an exotic freak, relegated to an appendix on extensions; in the + third edition, it moved up to be included in a front chapter along with the + picture environment and floats; now it dominates + Chapter 6 all on its own, the floats come in the following + Chapter 7, and `picture' is banished to the later + Chapter 13. This is not to say that the picture features are no good, + but only that they are very specialized. We add + descriptions of additional drawing possibilities there too. + +2. It is stressed as much as possible that \LaTeX\ is a markup language, + with separation of content and form. Typographical settings + should be placed in the preamble, while the body contains only logical + markup. This is in keeping with the modern ideas of XML, where form and + content are radically segregated. + +3. Throughout this edition, contributed packages are explained at that point + in the text where they are most relevant. The `fancyhdr' package + comes in the section on page styles, `natbib' where literature + citations are explained. This stresses that these `extensions' are part of + the \LaTeX\ system as a whole. However, to remind the user that they must + still be explicitly loaded, a marginal note is placed at the start of their + descriptions. + +4. PDF output is taken for granted throughout the book, in addition to the + classical DVI format. This means that the added possibilities of `pdf\TeX' + and `dvipdfm' are explained where they are relevant. A separate + Chapter 10 on PostScript and PDF is still necessary, and the + best interface to PDF output, the `hyperref' package by Sebastian + Rahtz, is explained in detail. PDF is also included in + Chapter 15 on presentation material + + On the other hand, the other Web output formats, HTML and XML, are only + dealt with briefly in Appendix E, since these are large topics + treated in other books, most noticeably the `\LaTeX\ Web Companion'. + +5. This book is being distributed with the \TeX Live CD, with the kind + permission of Sebastian Rahtz who maintains it for the \TeX\ Users Group. + It contains a full \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ installation for Windows, Macintosh, + and Linux, plus many of the myriad extensions that exist. + +We once again express our hope that this \textsl{Guide} will prove more than +useful to all those who wish to find their way through the intricate world of +\LaTeX. And with the addition of the \TeX Live CD, that world is brought even +closer to their doorsteps. +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-1.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-1.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8a19c9114ec --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-1.tex @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +A section of text may be displayed by indenting it by an equal amount +on both sides, with the `quote' or `quotation' environment, as +demonstrated here for the `quote' environment first. +\begin{quote} +Additonal vertical spacing is inserted above and below the displayed +text to seperate it vertically from normal text. + +The text to be displayed may be over any length; it can be part of a +sentence, a whole paragraph, or several paragraphs. + +Paragraphs are seperated as usual with an empty line, although no +empty lines are needed at the beginning and end of the displayed +text since additional vertical spacing is inserted here anyway. +\end{quote} +And here follows a demonstration of the `quotation' environment. +\begin{quotation} +In the `quotation' environment, paragraphs are marked by extra indentation +of the first line, wheras in the `quote' environment, they are indicated +more vertical spacing between them. + +The present text is produced within the `quotation' environment, while +the example above was done with the `quote' environment. + +The `quotation' environment is only really meaningfil, when the regular +text makes use of first-line indentation to show off new paragraphs. +\end{quotation} +The adjacent text behind the `quote' and/or `quotation' environment is +processed in standard form again, as shown here. An empty line behind +one of this environments starts the adjecent text as a new paragraph, +indicated by an indentend first line of the the following text. The +user may demonstrate this by the slight modification for this solution +example. +\end{document} + + + + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-10.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-10.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5cca868bdac --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-10.tex @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} + +% This text is taken from Chapter 6, Tables +% Guide to LaTeX, 4th edition. + +\begin{verbatim} +Table material is made to float with the environment: +\begin{quote} + \verb=\begin{table}= \emph{head\_text\quad table\quad foot\_text\quad} + \verb=\end{table} +\end{quote} +where \emph{table} stands for the entire table as defined in the +\texttt{tabular} environment, \emph{head\_text} for whatever text appears +above the table, and \emph{foot\_text} for that below. Width, spacing, +and positioning of the texts relative to the table are all matters for the +user to arrange. +\end{verbatim} +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-2.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-2.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..82fd219788e --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-2.tex @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +\documentclass[12pt]{article} +\setlength{\textwidth}{100mm} +\begin{document} +\begin{center}\Large\textbf{The Jabberwocky}\end{center} +\begin{verse}\itshape +'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves\\ +Did gyre and gimble in the wabe:\\ +All mimsy were the borogoves,\\ +And the mome raths outgrabe. + +"Beware the Jabberwock, my son!\\ +The jaws that bite, the claws that catch!\\ +Beware the Jubjub bird, and shun\\ +The frumious Bandersnatch!" + +He took his vorpal sword in hand:\\ +Long time the manxome foe he sought-\\ +So rested he by the Tumtum tree,\\ +And stood awhile in thought. + +And, as in uffish thought he stood,\\ +The Jabberwock, with eyes of flame,\\ +Came whiffling through the tulgey wood,\\ +And burbled as it came! + +One, two! One, two! And through and through\\ +The vorpal blade went snicker-snack!\\ +He left it dead, and with its head\\ +He went galumphing back. + +"And hast thou slain the Jabberwock?\\ +Come to my arms, my beamish boy!\\ +O frabjous day! Callooh! Callay!"\\ +He chortled in his joy. + +'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves\\ +Did gyre and gimble in the wabe:\\ +All mimsy were the borogoves,\\ +And the mome raths outgrabe. +\end{verse} +\begin{flushright} Lewis Carroll\end{flushright} +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-3.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-3.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..405f4ff97cf --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-3.tex @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +\begin{titlepage} \centering +\vspace*{5cm} +\textbf{\Huge Exercises}\\[1.5cm] +\Large Steven Writer\\ +Texas A \& M University\\ +Department of Computer Science\\[5mm] +College Station, Texas \today +\end{titlepage} +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-4.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-4.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..852050a335c --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-4.tex @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +A forfould nestin of the itemize an environment appears as follows: +\begin{itemize} + \item The label for the first level is a black dot, a \emph{bullet}. + \begin{itemize} + \item That of the second level is a long dash (en dash). + \begin{itemize} + \item That of the third level is an asterisk. + \begin{itemize} + \item And the label for the fourth level is an upshifted dot. + \item At the same time, the vertical spacing is decrease with + increasing depth. + \end{itemize} + \item Back to the third level. + \item Each level may contain several labels of the same degree, + \item as shown here for third level. + \end{itemize} + \item Back to the second level. + \end{itemize} + \item And here we are at the first level of the itemize list again. + \item The standard label markers for each level can be changed by + the user + \item as demonstrated with the solution example for exercise 4.6. +\end{itemize} +Similary for the enumerate environment, where the style of numberin changes +with the nesting level: +\begin{enumerate} + \item The numbering at the first level is with Arabic numerals followed + by a period. + \begin{enumerate} + \item At the second level, it is with lower case letters in paranthesis. + \begin{enumerate} + \item The third level is numbered with lower case Roman numerals + with a period. + \begin{enumerate} + \item At the fourth level, capital letters are used. + \item The label style can be changed as shown in the solution + example for exercise 4.7. + \end{enumerate} + \item Back to the third level. + \end{enumerate} + \item Back to the second level. + \item Also the enumerat environment may contain in every level + several labels of the same degree, + \item as shown here for the second level. + \end{enumerate} + \item Each level should contain at least two labels, + \item but formally less labels are allowed! +\end{enumerate} +\end{document} + + + + + + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-5.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-5.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..838f06ca659 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-5.tex @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +\textbf{\large Canadian Participants} +\begin{description} +\item[Ady, Michael S.] Edmonton, Alberta +\item[Brunskill, Roxanne] Calgary, Alberta +\item[Chan, Stephen] Burnaby, British Columbia +\item[Dick, Roberta] Don Mills, Ontario +\item[Flynn, Frank] Vancouver, British Collumbia +\item[Galko, Peter] Ottawa, Ontario +\item[Jones, Ed] Halifax, Nona Scotia +\item[Herschorn, Michael] Montr\'eal, Qu\'ebec +\item[Mackinnon, James G.] Kingston, Ontario +\end{description} +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-6.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-6.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ec8b4405cf0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-6.tex @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\renewcommand{\labelitemi}{---} +\renewcommand{\labelitemii}{--} +\renewcommand{\labelitemiii}{-} +\begin{document} +With the user changed label commands, the standard labels occure now +in the following form: +\begin{itemize} +\item The label for the first level is a long dash (em dash). +\begin{itemize} +\item That for the second level a medium dash (en dash). +\begin{itemize} +\item And that for the third level a short dash, a hyphen. +\item Changed label symbols should be uniform for the whole users documen. +\end{itemize} +\item Also not changed several times within the document. +\end{itemize} +\item As shown here. +\end{itemize} +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-7.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-7.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f9d739fffdf --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-7.tex @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\renewcommand{\labelenumi}{(\Roman{enumi})} +\renewcommand{\labelenumii}{\Roman{enumi}--\arabic{enumii}} +\begin{document} +With the user modified label commands for the first two level of the +enumerate environment, the corresponding labels occure now as follows: +\begin{enumerate} +\item The labels for the first level are roman captal numerals enclosed by +parenthesis. +\begin{enumerate} +\item The labels for the second level are the roman numerals of the first + level followed by the number of the second level, seperated by + a medium dash. +\item Here is the next label of the second level. +\item Followed by the third label of the second level. +\end{enumerate} +\item And back now to the second label of the first level. +\begin{enumerate} +\item And again at the second level with the combined roman numeral and + the actual label number of this level. +\item And so one for continously labels of this label +\item as demonstrated here for the third label +\end{enumerate} +\item An back now the the next label of the first level +\item before we leave the enumerate environment. +\end{enumerate} +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-8.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-8.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..eb5c771f23d --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-8.tex @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\newcounter{num} +\newenvironment{sample}{\begin{list}{\textbf{Sample \Alph{num}}\hfill}% + {\usecounter{num} \setlength{\labelwidth}{20mm} + \setlength{\leftmargin}{22mm} \setlength{\rightmargin}{5mm} + \setlength{\itemsep}{1ex plus0.5ex minus 0.4ex} + \setlength{\listparindent}{1em} + \setlength{\parsep}{0ex plus0.5ex} }} + {\end{list}} +\begin{document} +The user defined \texttt{sample}-environment of the upper preamble +demontrates the position of the corresponding label and their +left an right margins. +\begin{sample} +\item with no commercial value. +\item on receipt of the enclosed voucher an amount of 5.00 \$ will be + paid. +\end{sample} +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-9.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-9.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a90d9519bb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-9.tex @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +\begin{verbatim} +Table material is made to float with the envronment: +\begin{quote} + \verb=\begin{table}= \emph{head\_text\quad table\quad foot\_text\quad} + \verb=\end{table} +\end{quote} +where \emph{table} stands for the entire table as defined in the +\texttt{tabular} environment, \emph{head\_text} for whatever text appears +above the table, and \emph{foot\_text} for that below. Width, spacing, +and positioning of the texts relative to the table are all matters for the +user to arrange. +\end{verbatim} +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap5/exer5-1.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap5/exer5-1.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..59fc66dc4b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap5/exer5-1.tex @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} + +% First Solution +\footnotesize\noindent +\begin{minipage}[b]{85mm} +\parbox[t]{3.5cm}{The first line of this 3.5\,cm wide minipage or parbox + is aligned with the first line of the neighboring minipage or parbox.} +\hfill +\parbox[t]{4.5cm}{This 4.5\,cm wide minipage or parbox is positioned so + so that its top line is at the same level as that of the box on the + left, while its bottom line is even with that of the box on the right. + The na\"{\i}ve notation that this arrangement may be achieved with the + positioning arguments \texttt{t}, \texttt{t}, and \texttt{b} is incorrect. + Why? What would this selection really produce?} \\ \mbox{} +\end{minipage}\hfill +\parbox[b]{3.1cm}{The true solution involves the nesting of two of the three + structures in an enclosed minipage, which is then seperated aligned + with the third one.} + +% Second Solution +\vspace{10mm}\noindent +\parbox[t]{3.5cm}{The first line of this 3.5\,cm wide minipage or parbox + is aligned with the first line of the neighboring minipage or parbox.} +\hfill +\begin{minipage}[t]{81mm}\mbox{}\\ +\parbox[b]{4.5cm}{This 4.5\,cm wide minipage or parbox is positioned so + so that its top line is at the same level as that of the box on the + left, while its bottom line is even with that of the box on the right. + The na\"{\i}ve notation that this arrangement may be achieved with the + positioning arguments \texttt{t}, \texttt{t}, and \texttt{b} is incorrect. + Why? What would this selection really produce?} +\hfill +\parbox[b]{3.1cm}{The true solution involves the nesting of two of the three + structures in an enclosed minipage, which is then seperated aligned + with the third one.} +\end{minipage} +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap5/exer5-2.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap5/exer5-2.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..bf1ac8442a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap5/exer5-2.tex @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\usepackage{german} +\begin{document} + +\newsavebox{\warning} +\sbox{\warning}{\setlength{\fboxrule}{0.25mm}\setlength{\fboxsep}{1.5mm}% +\fbox{\parbox{10cm}{\large Vertical placement of minipages and parboxes can + lead to surprising results which may be corrected by the use of dummy + lines.}}} + +\begin{center} \usebox{\warning} \end{center} +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap5/exer5-3.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap5/exer5-3.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..92c67d1e25a --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap5/exer5-3.tex @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +\section*{PREFACE TO THE \LaTeX-GUIDE} + +A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: +Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 +that a new release of this manual is justified? + +The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ +world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the +second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge +between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had +been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third +edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was +still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its +familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ +environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 +the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear +months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old +version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual.% +\footnote{With the result, that all maintance for \LaTeX\ 2.09 has been stopped +with the occurance of \LaTeXe\ as well as any further developement.} +In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its +syntax and usage. + +But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its +peripherals have. The rise of programs like pdf\TeX and \texttt{dvipdfm} for +PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ +directly, but by means of more modern \emph{packages} to extend the basic +features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such +that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the +`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include +user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. +Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie +Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This +edition reflects this increase in breadth.\footnote{In between many hundreds +of supplements and extensions in form of packages have been developed for +\LaTeXe. Only the most important will be presented in this book.} + +The changes to the fourth edition are mainly those of emphasis. +\begin{enumerate} +\item The material has been reorganized into `Basics' and `Beyond the Basics' + (`advanced' sounds too intimidating) while the appendices contain + topics that really can be skipped by most everyday users. Exception: + Appendix H is an alphabetized command summary that many + people find extremely useful (including ourselves). + + This reorganizing is meant to stress certain aspects over others. For + example, the section on graphics inclusion and color was originally + treated as an exotic freak, relegated to an appendix on extensions; in the + third edition, it moved up to be included in a front chapter along with the + \texttt{picture} environment and floats; now it dominates + Chapter 6 all on its own, the floats come in the following + Chapter 7, and \texttt{picturer} is banished to the later + Chapter 13. This is not to say that the picture features are no good, + but only that they are very specialized. We add + descriptions of additional drawing possibilities there too. + +\item It is stressed as much as possible that \LaTeX\ is a \emph{markup} + language, with separation of content and form. Typographical settings + should be placed in the preamble, while the body contains only logical + markup. This is in keeping with the modern ideas of XML, where form and + content are radically segregated. + +\item Throughout this edition, contributed packages are explained at that point + in the text where they are most relevant. The `fancyhdr' package + comes in the section on page styles, \texttt{natbib} where literature + citations are explained. This stresses that these `extensions' are part of + the \LaTeX\ system as a whole. However, to remind the user that they must + still be explicitly loaded, a marginal note is placed at the start of their + descriptions. + +\item PDF output is taken for granted throughout the book, in addition to the + classical DVI format. This means that the added possibilities of `pdf\TeX' + and `dvipdfm' are explained where they are relevant. A separate + Chapter 10 on PostScript and PDF is still necessary, and the + best interface to PDF output, the \texttt{hyperref package} by Sebastian + Rahtz, is explained in detail. PDF is also included in + Chapter 15 on presentation material. + + On the other hand, the other Web output formats, HTML and XML, are only + dealt with briefly in Appendix E, since these are large topics + treated in other books, most noticeably the \textsl{\LaTeX\ Web Companion}. + +\item This book is being distributed with the \TeX Live CD, with the kind + permission of Sebastian Rahtz who maintains it for the \TeX\ Users Group. + It contains a full \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ installation for Windows, Macintosh, + and Linux, plus many of the myriad extensions that exist. +\end{enumerate} + +We once again express our hope that this \textsl{Guide} will prove more than +useful to all those who wish to find their way through the intricate world of +\LaTeX. And with the addition of the \TeX Live CD, that world is brought even +closer to their doorsteps.\footnote{Information for installation details are +given in the self documentation for the \TeX Live CD.} +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap5/exer5-4.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap5/exer5-4.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b7c54109292 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap5/exer5-4.tex @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}} +\begin{document} +\section*{PREFACE TO THE \LaTeX-GUIDE} + +A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: +Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 +that a new release of this manual is justified? + +The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ +world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the +second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge +between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had +been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third +edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was +still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its +familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ +environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 +the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear +months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old +version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual.% +\footnote{With the result, that all maintance for \LaTeX\ 2.09 has been stopped +with the occurance of \LaTeXe\ as well as any further developement.} +In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its +syntax and usage. + +But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its +peripherals have. The rise of programs like pdf\TeX and \texttt{dvipdfm} for +PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ +directly, but by means of more modern \emph{packages} to extend the basic +features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such +that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the +`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include +user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. +Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie +Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This +edition reflects this increase in breadth.\footnote{In between many hundreds +of supplements and extensions in form of packages have been developed for +\LaTeXe. Only the most important will be presented in this book.} + +The changes to the fourth edition are mainly those of emphasis. +\begin{enumerate} +\item The material has been reorganized into `Basics' and `Beyond the Basics' + (`advanced' sounds too intimidating) while the appendices contain + topics that really can be skipped by most everyday users. Exception: + Appendix H is an alphabetized command summary that many + people find extremely useful (including ourselves). + + This reorganizing is meant to stress certain aspects over others. For + example, the section on graphics inclusion and color was originally + treated as an exotic freak, relegated to an appendix on extensions; in the + third edition, it moved up to be included in a front chapter along with the + \texttt{picture} environment and floats; now it dominates + Chapter 6 all on its own, the floats come in the following + Chapter 7, and \texttt{picturer} is banished to the later + Chapter 13. This is not to say that the picture features are no good, + but only that they are very specialized. We add + descriptions of additional drawing possibilities there too. + +\item It is stressed as much as possible that \LaTeX\ is a \emph{markup} + language, with separation of content and form. Typographical settings + should be placed in the preamble, while the body contains only logical + markup. This is in keeping with the modern ideas of XML, where form and + content are radically segregated. + +\item Throughout this edition, contributed packages are explained at that point + in the text where they are most relevant. The `fancyhdr' package + comes in the section on page styles, \texttt{natbib} where literature + citations are explained. This stresses that these `extensions' are part of + the \LaTeX\ system as a whole. However, to remind the user that they must + still be explicitly loaded, a marginal note is placed at the start of their + descriptions. + +\item PDF output is taken for granted throughout the book, in addition to the + classical DVI format. This means that the added possibilities of `pdf\TeX' + and `dvipdfm' are explained where they are relevant. A separate + Chapter 10 on PostScript and PDF is still necessary, and the + best interface to PDF output, the \texttt{hyperref package} by Sebastian + Rahtz, is explained in detail. PDF is also included in + Chapter 15 on presentation material. + + On the other hand, the other Web output formats, HTML and XML, are only + dealt with briefly in Appendix E, since these are large topics + treated in other books, most noticeably the \textsl{\LaTeX\ Web Companion}. + +\item This book is being distributed with the \TeX Live CD, with the kind + permission of Sebastian Rahtz who maintains it for the \TeX\ Users Group. + It contains a full \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ installation for Windows, Macintosh, + and Linux, plus many of the myriad extensions that exist. +\end{enumerate} + +We once again express our hope that this \textsl{Guide} will prove more than +useful to all those who wish to find their way through the intricate world of +\LaTeX. And with the addition of the \TeX Live CD, that world is brought even +closer to their doorsteps.\footnote{Information for installation details are +given in the self documentation for the \TeX Live CD.} +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap6/exer6-1.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap6/exer6-1.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5845bc6c1cd --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap6/exer6-1.tex @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +\begin{tabbing} +Project: \=Total Requirements \= = \$900\,000.00 \+\\ + of which \> 2003\'= \$450\,000.00 \+\\ + 2004\' = \$350\,000.00 \\ 2005\' = \$100\,000.00\-\\[0.5ex] \pushtabs + 2003 approved: \=\$350\,000.00\quad\= Deficiency: \= \$100\,000.00\\ + 2004 \> \$300\,000.00 \>\>\$150\,000.00\\ + 2005 \> \$250\,000.00 \> Surplus:\>\$150\,000.00 \\[0.5ex] \poptabs + tentative \> 2004\' = \$1\=00\,000.00 for deficiency \= 2003 \+\\ + 2005\' = \$\>50\,000.00 \> 2004 \\ + + \$100\,000.00 \>\>excess for\'2003 in 2004\-\-\\[0.5ex] + Commitments \>\>2003\'= \$100\,000.00\+\+\\ + 2004\'= \$150\,000.00\` signed: H. Andr\a'e +\end{tabbing} +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap6/exer6-2.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap6/exer6-2.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..873e50fd087 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap6/exer6-2.tex @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +\begin{tabular}{|r|l||rrr|r@{:}l|r@{:}l||c|}\hline + \multicolumn{10}{|c|}{\rule[-3mm]{0mm}{8mm}\bfseries 1st Regional Soccer + League --- Final Results 2002/03} \\ \hline + &\itshape Club &\itshape W &\itshape T &\itshape L + & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{\itshape Goals} + & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{\itshape Points} + & \itshape Remarks \\ \hline\hline + 1 & Amesville Rockets & 19 & 13 & 1 & 66&31 & 51&15 & League Champs \\ \hline + 2 & Borden Comets & 18 & 9 & 6 & 65&37 & 45&21 & Trophy Winners\\ \hline + 3 & Clarkson Chargers & 17 & 7 & 9 & 70&44 & 41&25 & Candidates\\ \cline{1-9} + 4 & Daysdon Bombers & 14 & 10 & 9 & 66&50 & 38&28 & for \\ \cline{1-9} + 5 & Edgartowns Devils & 16 & 6 & 11 & 63&53 & 38&28 & National \\ \cline{1-9} + 6 & Freeburg Fighters & 15 & 7 & 11 & 64&47 & 37&29 & League \\ \hline + 7 & Gadsby Tigers & 15 & 7 & 11 & 52&37 & 35&31 & \\ \cline{1-9} + 8 & Harrisville Hotshots& 12&11 & 10 & 62&58 & 35&31 & \\ \cline{1-9} + 9 & Idlleton Shovers & 14 & 9 & 11 & 49&51 & 35&31 & \\ \cline{1-9} +10 & Jamestown Horntets& 11 & 11 & 11 & 48&47 & 33&33 & \\ \cline{1-9} +11 & Kingston Cowboys & 13 & 5 & 14 & 54&45 & 32&34&Medium Teams\\ \cline{1-9} +12 & Lonsdale Stompers & 12 & 8 & 13 & 50&57 & 32&34 & \\ \cline{1-9} +13 & Marsdon Heroes & 9 & 12 & 11 & 50&42 & 31&35 & \\ \cline{1-9} +14 & Norburg Flames & 10 & 8 & 15 & 60&68 & 28&38 & \\ \cline{1-9} +15 & Ollison Champions & 8 & 9 & 16 & 42&49 & 25&41 & \\ \hline +16 & Petersville Lancers& 6 & 8 & 19 & 31&77 & 20&46 & Disbanding\\ \hline +17 & Quincy Giants & 7 & 5 & 21 & 40&89 & 19&47 & \\ \cline{1-9} +19 & Ralstone Regulars & 3 & 11 & 19 & 37&74 & 17&49 & + \raisebox{1.5ex}[0pt]{Denoted} \\ \hline +\end{tabular} +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap6/exer6-3.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap6/exer6-3.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a22ed5afa0c --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap6/exer6-3.tex @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +\newcommand{\rb}[1]{\raisebox{1.5ex}[0mm]{#1}} +\begin{center}\small +\begin{tabular}{|l||c|l|c|l|c|l|} +\hline +& \multicolumn{2}{c|}{6.15--7.15 pm} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{7.20--8.20 pm} +& \multicolumn{2}{c|}{8.30--9.30 pm} \\ \cline{2-7} +&& Teacher && Teacher && Teacher \\ \cline{3-3}\cline{5-5}\cline{7-7} +\rb{Day} & \rb{Subj.} & Room & \rb{Subj.} & Room & \rb{Subj.} & Room\\ + \hline\hline +&& Dr.~Smith && Ms.~Clark && Mr.~Mills\\ +\cline{3-3}\cline{5-5}\cline{7-7} +\rb{Mon.} & \rb{UNIX} & Comp. Ctr & \rb{Fortran} & Hall A + & \rb{Math.} & Hall A \\ \hline +&& Miss Baker && Ms.~Clark && Mr.~Mill\\ +\cline{3-3}\cline{5-5}\cline{7-7} +\rb{Tues.} & \rb{\LaTeX} & Conf.~Room & \rb{Fortran} & Conf~Room + & \rb{Math.} & Hall A \\ \hline +&& Dr.~Smith && Dr.~Jones && Dr.~Jones \\ +\cline{3-3}\cline{5-5}\cline{7-7} +\rb{Wed.} & \rb{UNIX} & Comp. Ctr & \rb{C} & Hall A + & \rb{ComSci.} & Hall A \\ \hline +&& Miss Baker && Ms. Clark & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{} \\ +\cline{3-3}\cline{5-5} +\rb{Fri.} & \rb{\LaTeX} & Conf.~Room & \rb{C++} & Conf.~Room +& \multicolumn{2}{c|}{\rb{canceled}}\\ \hline +\end{tabular}\end{center} +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap6/exer6-4.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap6/exer6-4.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3ee319cc23c --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap6/exer6-4.tex @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +\begin{center}\small +\begin{tabular}{@{}p{35mm}p{60mm}l@{}} +Course and Date & Brief Description & Prerequisites\\ +\hline +Introduction to LSEDIT\newline +14.3. -- 16.3. & + Logging on --- Explanation to the VMS fils system --- Explanation and + intensive application of the VMS editor LSEDIT --- user modifications + & none \\ \hline +Introlduction to \LaTeX\newline +21.3. -- 25.3. & + Word processors and formatting programs --- text and commands --- + environments --- dokument and page styles --- displayed text --- + math equations --- simple user defined structures + & LSEDIT +\end{tabular}\end{center} +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap6/exer6-5.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap6/exer6-5.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..28296855c47 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap6/exer6-5.tex @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\setlength{\textwidth}{130mm} +\begin{document} +\begin{table}{\bfseries Primary Energy Consumption}\\[1ex] +\begin{tabular*}{130mm}% + {@{}ll@{\extracolsep{\fill}}r@{\hspace{1em}}@{\extracolsep{1em}}rr@{}} +% {@{}ll@{\extracolsep{\fill}}r@{\extracolsep{1em}}rr@{}} +% Try this column definition as alternative solution +\hline +\multicolumn{2}{@{}l}{Energy Source} & 1975 & 1980 & 1986\\ \hline +\multicolumn{2}{@{}l}{Total Consumption}&&& \\ +\multicolumn{2}{@{}l}{(in million tons of BCU)\footnote{BCU = + Bituminous Coal Unit (1 ton BCU corresponds to the heating + equivalent of 1 ton of bituminous coal = 8140 kwh)}} + & 347.7 & 390.2 & 385.0 \\ +of which & (percentages)\\ +& petroleum & 52.1 & 47.6 & 43.2 \\ +& bituminous coal & 19.1 & 19.8 & 20.0 \\ +& brown coal & 9.9 & 10.0 & 8.6 \\ +& natural gas & 14.2 & 16.5 & 15.1 \\ +& nuclear Energy & 2.0 & 3.7 & 10.1 \\ +& other\footnote{Wind, water, solar energy, and so forth} + & 2.7 & 2.3 & 3.0 +\end{tabular*} + +\emph{Source:} Energy Balance Study Group, Essen 1987. +\end{table} + +\noindent \textbf{Answers to the questions from exercise 4.15}: + +\begin{enumerate} +\item With \verb=@{}= at the beginning and end of the formatting + definition the additional space of half of the column gap size + in front and behind the table which occures by default, will + be suppressed. +\item With \verb=@{\extracolsep{\hfill}}= at the beginning of the formatting + definition additional space of equal width would be inserted + between all following columns so that the total tabular with + becomes exatly the ordered width of 118 mm. Try this modification + as special exersice. +\item \verb=@{\extracolsep{\hfill}}= is to put behind the + second column parameter and its countermanding + \verb=@{\hspace{1em}}@\extracolsep{1em}}= is to put behind the + third column parameter. With \verb=@{\extracolsep{1em}}= as + countermanding expression the gap between the third and fourth + column would be smaller than those for the following column. + Try this as alternative exercise. +\end{enumerate} +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-1.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-1.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..fa73e5bbde9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-1.tex @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +The derivative of the indirect function f[g(x)] is +$\{f[g(x)]\}' = f'[g(x)]g'(x)$. For the second derivative of the product +of $f(x)$ and $g(x)$ one has +$[f(x)g(x)]'' = f''(x)g(x) + 2f'(x)g'(x) + f(x)g''(x)$. +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-10.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-10.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..795eeb3c304 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-10.tex @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +$\alpha\vec{x} = \vec{x}\alpha$,\hfill$\alpha\beta\vec{x} += \beta\alpha\vec{x}$,\hfill$(\alpha + \beta)\vec{x} = \alpha\vec{x} + +\beta\vec{x}$,\hfill $\alpha(\vec{x} + \vec{y}) += \alpha\vec{x} + \alpha\vec{y}$.\\ +\hspace*{1.5em}$\vec{x}\vec{y} = \vec{y}\vec{x}$\hfill +but\hfill$\vec{x}\times\vec{y} = +-\vec{y}\times\vec{x}$,\hfill\hfill$\vec{x}\vec{y} = 0$\hfill for\hfill% +$\vec{x}\perp\vec{y}$,\hfill\hfill$\vec{x}\times\vec{y} = 0$,\hfill +for\hfill$\vec{x}\parallel\vec{y}$. +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-11.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-11.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..afefe1e54a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-11.tex @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +\begin{equation} +\lim_{x\to0}\frac{\sqrt{1+x} - 1}{x} = +\lim_{x\to0}\frac{(\sqrt{1+x} - 1)(\sqrt{1+x} + 1)}{x(\sqrt{1+x} + 1)} = +\lim_{x\to0}\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+x} + 1} = \frac{1}{2} +\end{equation} +\begin{equation} +\frac{\partial^2 U}{\partial x^2} + \frac{\partial^2 U}{\partial y^2} = 0\quad +\Longrightarrow\quad +U_M = \frac{1}{4\pi}\oint\limits_\Sigma\frac{1}{r}\frac{\partial U}{\partial n} +\,ds - \frac{1}{4\pi}\oint\limits_\Sigma\frac{\partial\frac{1}{r}}{\partial n} +U\,ds +\end{equation} +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-12.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-12.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c8878796389 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-12.tex @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\setlength{\textwidth}{135mm} +\begin{document} +\setcounter{equation}{2} +\begin{equation} +S(z) = -\cos\left(\frac{\pi}{2} z^2\right) \sum_{n=0}^\infty + \frac{(-1)^n\pi^{2n+1}}{1\cdot3\cdots(4n+3)} z^{4n+3} + +\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{2} z^2\right) \sum_{n=0}^\infty + \frac{(-1)^n\pi^{2n}}{1\cdot3\cdots(4n+1)} z^{4n+1} +\end{equation} +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-13.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-13.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..20d18995199 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-13.tex @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +\noindent\textbf{First solution example}:\\[1ex] +The solution for the system equation +\[ \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2} + F(x,y) = 0\quad\mbox{and}\quad + \left|\begin{array}{ccc} + F''_{xx} & F''_{xy} & F'_x\\ + F''_{yx} & F''_{yy} & F'_y\\ + F'_x & F'_y & 0 + \end{array}\right| = 0 +\] +yields the coordinates for the possible inflection points of $F(x,y) = 0$. + +\bigskip +\noindent\textbf{Second solution example}:\\[1ex] +The solution for the system equation +\[ \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2} + F(x,y) = 0\quad\mbox{and}\quad\begin{array}{|ccc|} + F''_{xx} & F''_{xy} & F'_x\\ + F''_{yx} & F''_{yy} & F'_y\\ + F'_x & F'_y & 0 + \end{array} = 0 +\] +yields the coordinates for the possible inflection points of $F(x,y) = 0$. +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-14.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-14.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f4154ad0179 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-14.tex @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +\noindent\textbf{First solution example}:\\[1ex] +The shortest distance between two straight lines represented by the equations +\[ \frac{x-x_1}{l_1} = \frac{y-y_1}{m_1} = \frac{z-z_1}{n_1}\quad\mbox{und}% +\quad% + \frac{x-x_2}{l_2} = \frac{y-y_2}{m_2} = \frac{z-z_2}{n_2} \] +is given by the expression +\[ \frac{\pm\;\begin{array}{|ccc|} + x_1 - x_2 & y_1 - y_2 & z_1 - z_2 \\ + l_1 & m_1 & n_1 \\ + l_2 & m_2 & n_2 + \end{array}}{ + \sqrt{\left|\begin{array}{cc} l_1 & m_1 \\ l_2 & m_2 \end{array}\right|^2 + + \left|\begin{array}{cc} m_1 & n_1 \\ m_2 & n_2 \end{array}\right|^2 + + \left|\begin{array}{cc} n_1 & l_1 \\ n_2 & l_2 \end{array}\right|^2} + } \] +If the numerator is zero, the two lines meet somewhere. + +\bigskip +\noindent\textbf{Second solution example}:\\[1ex] +The shortest distance between two straight lines represented by the equations +\[ \frac{x-x_1}{l_1} = \frac{y-y_1}{m_1} = \frac{z-z_1}{n_1}\quad\mbox{und}% +\quad% + \frac{x-x_2}{l_2} = \frac{y-y_2}{m_2} = \frac{z-z_2}{n_2} \] +is given by the expression +\[ \frac{\pm\;\begin{array}{|ccc|} + x_1 - x_2 & y_1 - y_2 & z_1 - z_2 \\ + l_1 & m_1 & n_1 \\ + l_2 & m_2 & n_2 + \end{array}}{ + \sqrt{\begin{array}{|cc|} l_1 & m_1 \\ l_2 & m_2 \end{array}^2 + + \begin{array}{|cc|} m_1 & n_1 \\ m_2 & n_2 \end{array}^2 + + \begin{array}{|cc|} n_1 & l_1 \\ n_2 & l_2 \end{array}^2} + } \] +If the numerator is zero, the two lines meet somewhere. +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-15.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-15.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6383f732bab --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-15.tex @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +\noindent +Laurent expansion using $c_n = \frac{1}{2\pi i} +\oint (\zeta-a)^{-n-1}f(\zeta)\,d\zeta$, for every function $f(z)$ the +following representation is valid ($n=0$, $\pm1$, $\pm2$, \ldots) +\[ f(x) = \sum_{n=-\infty}^{+\infty} c_n(z-a)^n + = \left\{\begin{array}{r} + c_0 + c_1(z-a) + c_2(z-a)^2 +\cdots+ c_n(z-a)^n+\cdots\\ + \mbox{}+c_{-1}(z-a)^{-1} + c_{-2}(z-a)^{-2}+\cdots\\ + \mbox{}+c_{-n}(z-a)^{-n}+\cdots \end{array}\right. \] +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-16.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-16.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e603633e6a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-16.tex @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +\noindent +The total number of permutations of $n$ elements taken $m$ at a time +(symbol $V_n^m$) is +\vspace{-0.5ex} +\[ V_n^m = \prod_{i=0}^{m-1}(n-i) = + \underbrace{n(n-1)(n-2)\ldots(n-m+1)}_{\mbox{total of $m$ factors}} = + \frac{n!}{(n-m)!} \] +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-17.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-17.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7743bee0f28 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-17.tex @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +\setcounter{equation}{5} +\begin{eqnarray} +\arcsin x & = & -\arcsin(-x) = \frac{\pi}{2} - \arccos x = + \left[\arccos\sqrt{1-x^2}\,\right]\nonumber\\ + & = & \arctan\frac{x}{\sqrt{1-x^2}} = + \left[\mbox{\rm arccot}\frac{\sqrt{1-x^2}}{x}\right] +\end{eqnarray} +\begin{eqnarray} +\lefteqn{f(x+h,y+k) = f(x,y) + \left\{\frac{\partial f(x,y)}{\partial x}h + + \frac{\partial f(x,y)}{\partial y}k\right\}}\nonumber\\ + &&\mbox{} + \frac{1}{2}\left\{\frac{\partial^2f(x,y)}{\partial x^2}h^2 + + 2\frac{\partial^2f(x,y)}{\partial x\partial y}kh + + \frac{\partial^2f(x,y)}{\partial y^2}k^2\right\}\\ + &&\mbox{} + \frac{1}{6}\{\cdots\} + \cdots + \frac{1}{n!}\{\cdots\} + R_n + \nonumber +\end{eqnarray} +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-18.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-18.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7abf3d9221d --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-18.tex @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +\noindent +The inverse function of the polynomial expansion ~~$y = f(x) = ax+bx^2+cx^3 ++dx^4 + ex^5 + fx^6+\cdots$ $(a\ne0)$ begins with the elements +\setlength{\arraycolsep}{2pt} +\begin{eqnarray*} +x = \varphi(y) = \frac{1}{a}y &-& \frac{b}{a^3}y^2 + \frac{1}{a^5}(2b^2-ac)y^3\\ + &+&\frac{1}{a^7}(5abc - z^2d -fb^3)y^4\\ + &+&\frac{1}{a^9}(6a^2bd + 3a^2c^2+14b^4 - a^3e - 21ab^2c)y^5\\ + &+&\frac{1}{a^{11}}(7a^3be + 7a^3cd + 84ab^3c - a^4f -\\ + &&28a^2b^2d -28 a^2bc^2 - 43b^5)y^6 + \cdots +\end{eqnarray*} +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-19.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-19.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..fb9c620f598 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-19.tex @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +\documentclass[12pt]{article} +\newcommand{\D}{\displaystyle} +\begin{document} +\[ a_0 + \frac{1\hfill}{\D a_1 + + \frac{1\hfill}{\D a_2 + + \frac{1\hfill}{\D a_3 + + \frac{1\hfill}{a_4}}}} \] +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-2.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-2.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..56b238f25b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-2.tex @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +The reduced cubic equation $y^3 + 3py +2q = 0$ has one real and two complex +solutions when $D = q^2 + p^3 > 0$. These are given by Cardan's formula as +\[ y_1 = u + v,\quad y_2 = -\frac{u+v}{2} + \frac{i}{2}\sqrt{3}(u - v),\quad + y_3 = -\frac{u+v}{2} - \frac{i}{2}\sqrt{3}(u-v) \] +where +\[ u = \sqrt[3]{-q + \sqrt{q^2+p^3}},\qquad v = \sqrt[3]{-q - \sqrt{q^2+p^3}} \] +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-20.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-20.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..515b958a9b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-20.tex @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +\documentclass{article} +%\setlength{\textwidth}{140mm} +\begin{document} +\[ \begin{array}{@{}r@{\;=\;}l@{\qquad}r@{\;=\;}l@{}} + \sin2\alpha & 2\sin\alpha\cos\alpha, & + \cos2\alpha & \cos^2\alpha - \sin^2\alpha\\ + \sin3\alpha & 3\sin\alpha-4\sin^3\alpha & + \cos3\alpha & 3\cos^3\alpha - 3\cos\alpha\\ + \sin4\alpha & 8\cos^3\alpha\sin\alpha - 4\cos\alpha\sin\alpha & + \cos4\alpha & 8\cos^4\alpha - 8\cos^2\alpha + 1 + \end{array} \] +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-21a.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-21a.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..91e95077b77 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-21a.tex @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +\newcommand{\D}{\displaystyle} +\newcommand{\bm}{\boldmath} +\[ \begin{array}{@{}|c|c|c|@{}}\hline +\multicolumn{3}{@{}|c|@{}}{\rule[-0.125cm]{0mm}{0.5cm}% +\mbox{Equations for the tangential plane and surface normal}}\\ +\hline +\mbox{Equation}&&\\ +\mbox{for the} & \mbox{Tangential plane} & \mbox{Surface normal}\\ +\mbox{surface} & & \\ \hline +\rule{0mm}{0.583cm}F(x,y,z)=0 + & \begin{array}[t]{r@{\:+\:}l} + \D\frac{\partial F}{\partial x}(X-x) + & \D\frac{\partial F}{\partial y}(Y-y) \\[2ex] + & \D\frac{\partial F}{\partial z}(Z-z) = 0 + \end{array} + & \D\frac{X-x}{\D\frac{\partial F}{\partial x}} = + \frac{Y-y}{\D\frac{\partial F}{\partial y}} = + \frac{Z-z}{\D\frac{\partial F}{\partial z}}\\ +\rule[-0.42cm]{0mm}{1cm}z=f(x,y) + & Z-z = p(X-x) + q(Y-y) + & \D\frac{X-x}{p} = \frac{Y-y}{q} = \frac{Z-z}{-1}\\ +\begin{array}{c} x=x(u,v)\\y=y(u,v)\\z=z(u,v) \end{array} + & \begin{array}{|ccc|} + X-x & Y-y & Z-z\\[0.5ex] + \D\frac{\partial x}{\partial u} & + \D\frac{\partial y}{\partial u} & + \D\frac{\partial z}{\partial u} \\[2.0ex] + \D\frac{\partial x}{\partial v} & + \D\frac{\partial y}{\partial v} & + \D\frac{\partial z}{\partial v} + \end{array} = 0 + & \begin{array}{c@{=}c} + \D\frac{X-x}{\left|\begin{array}{c} + \frac{\partial y}{\partial u}\; + \frac{\partial z}{\partial u}\\[0.8ex] + \frac{\partial y}{\partial v}\;\frac{\partial z}{\partial v} + \end{array}\right|} & + \D \frac{Y-y}{\left|\begin{array}{c} + \frac{\partial z}{\partial u}\; + \frac{\partial x}{\partial u}\\[0.8ex] + \frac{\partial z}{\partial v}\;\frac{\partial x}{\partial v} + \end{array}\right|} \\ + & \rule{0mm}{4ex} + \D \frac{Z-z}{\left|\begin{array}{c} + \frac{\partial x}{\partial u}\; + \frac{\partial y}{\partial u}\\[0.8ex] + \frac{\partial x}{\partial v}\;\frac{\partial y}{\partial v} + \end{array}\right|} + \end{array} \\ +\rule[-0.42cm]{0mm}{1.17cm}\mbox{\boldmath$r=r$}(u,v) + & \begin{array}{r} + \mbox{\boldmath$(R-r)(r_1\times r_2) = \mbox{\unboldmath$0$}$}\\ + \mbox{or\qquad\boldmath$(R-r)N = \mbox{\unboldmath$0$}$} + \end{array} + & \begin{array}{r@{\;=\;}l} + \mbox{\boldmath$R$} & \mbox{\boldmath$r + + \mbox{\unboldmath$\lambda$}(r_1\times r_2$)}\\ + \mbox{or\quad\boldmath$R$} & + \mbox{\boldmath$r + \mbox{\unboldmath$\lambda$}N$} + \end{array}\\ \hline +\multicolumn{3}{@{}|c|@{}}{\parbox{11.3cm}{\vspace*{0.5ex}In this table + $x,\,y,\,z$ and + \mbox{\boldmath$r$} are the coordinates and the radius vector of a fixed + point $M$ on the curve; $X,\,Y,\,Z$, and \mbox{\boldmath$R$} are the + coordinates and radius vector of a point on the tangential plane or surface + normal with reference to $M$; furthermore, + $p = \frac{\partial z}{\partial x}$, $q = \frac{\partial z}{\partial y}$ + and $\mbox{\boldmath$r_1$} = \partial\mbox{\boldmath$r$}/\partial u$, + $\mbox{\boldmath$r_2$} = \partial\mbox{\boldmath$r$}/\partial v$.}} +\\[0.8ex] \hline +\end{array} \] +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-21b.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-21b.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..42a54e46336 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-21b.tex @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +%======================================================================== +% With an slightly increased \textwidth a better presentation for the +% whole math. table can be made together with an even simpler solution. +%======================================================================== +\documentclass{article} +\setlength{\textwidth}{135mm} +\begin{document} +\newcommand{\D}{\displaystyle} +\newcommand{\bm}{\boldmath} +\[ \begin{array}{@{}|c|c|c|@{}}\hline +\multicolumn{3}{@{}|c|@{}}{\rule[-0.125cm]{0mm}{0.5cm}% +\mbox{Equations for the tangential plane and surface normal}}\\ +\hline +\mbox{Equation}&&\\ +\mbox{for the} & \mbox{Tangential plane} & \mbox{Surface normal}\\ +\mbox{surface} & & \\ \hline +\rule{0mm}{0.583cm}F(x,y,z)=0 + & \begin{array}[t]{r@{\:+\:}l} + \D\frac{\partial F}{\partial x}(X-x) + & \D\frac{\partial F}{\partial y}(Y-y) \\[2ex] + & \D\frac{\partial F}{\partial z}(Z-z) = 0 + \end{array} + & \D\frac{X-x}{\D\frac{\partial F}{\partial x}} = + \frac{Y-y}{\D\frac{\partial F}{\partial y}} = + \frac{Z-z}{\D\frac{\partial F}{\partial z}}\\ +\rule[-0.42cm]{0mm}{1cm}z=f(x,y) + & Z-z = p(X-x) + q(Y-y) + & \D\frac{X-x}{p} = \frac{Y-y}{q} = \frac{Z-z}{-1}\\ +\begin{array}{c} x=x(u,v)\\y=y(u,v)\\z=z(u,v) \end{array} + & \begin{array}{|ccc|} + X-x & Y-y & Z-z\\[0.5ex] + \D\frac{\partial x}{\partial u} & + \D\frac{\partial y}{\partial u} & + \D\frac{\partial z}{\partial u} \\[2.0ex] + \D\frac{\partial x}{\partial v} & + \D\frac{\partial y}{\partial v} & + \D\frac{\partial z}{\partial v} + \end{array} = 0 + & \D\frac{X-x}{\left|\begin{array}{c} + \frac{\partial y}{\partial u}\; + \frac{\partial z}{\partial u}\\[0.8ex] + \frac{\partial y}{\partial v}\;\frac{\partial z}{\partial v} + \end{array}\right|} + \D \frac{Y-y}{\left|\begin{array}{c} + \frac{\partial z}{\partial u}\; + \frac{\partial x}{\partial u}\\[0.8ex] + \frac{\partial z}{\partial v}\;\frac{\partial x}{\partial v} + \end{array}\right|} + \D \frac{Z-z}{\left|\begin{array}{c} + \frac{\partial x}{\partial u}\; + \frac{\partial y}{\partial u}\\[0.8ex] + \frac{\partial x}{\partial v}\;\frac{\partial y}{\partial v} + \end{array}\right|} \\ +\rule[-0.42cm]{0mm}{1.17cm}\mbox{\boldmath$r=r$}(u,v) + & \begin{array}{r} + \mbox{\boldmath$(R-r)(r_1\times r_2) = \mbox{\unboldmath$0$}$}\\ + \mbox{or\qquad\boldmath$(R-r)N = \mbox{\unboldmath$0$}$} + \end{array} + & \begin{array}{r@{\;=\;}l} + \mbox{\boldmath$R$} & \mbox{\boldmath$r + + \mbox{\unboldmath$\lambda$}(r_1\times r_2$)}\\ + \mbox{or\quad\boldmath$R$} & + \mbox{\boldmath$r + \mbox{\unboldmath$\lambda$}N$} + \end{array}\\ \hline +\multicolumn{3}{@{}|c|@{}}{\parbox{12.5cm}{\vspace*{0.5ex}In this table + $x,\,y,\,z$ and + \mbox{\boldmath$r$} are the coordinates and the radius vector of a fixed + point $M$ on the curve; $X,\,Y,\,Z$, and \mbox{\boldmath$R$} are the + coordinates and radius vector of a point on the tangential plane or surface + normal with reference to $M$; furthermore, + $p = \frac{\partial z}{\partial x}$, $q = \frac{\partial z}{\partial y}$ + and $\mbox{\boldmath$r_1$} = \partial\mbox{\boldmath$r$}/\partial u$, + $\mbox{\boldmath$r_2$} = \partial\mbox{\boldmath$r$}/\partial v$.}} +\\[0.8ex] \hline +\end{array} \] +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-3.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-3.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4b15e9b0566 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-3.tex @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +\documentclass[fleqn]{article} +\begin{document} +\setlength{\mathindent}{2cm} +The reduced cubic equation $y^3 + 3py +2q = 0$ has one real and two complex +solutions when $D = q^2 + p^3 > 0$. These are given by Cardan's formula as +\begin{equation} y_1 = u + v \end{equation} +\begin{equation} y_2 = -\frac{u+v}{2} + \frac{i}{2}\sqrt{3}(u-v) \end{equation} +\begin{equation} y_3 = -\frac{u+v}{2} - \frac{i}{2}\sqrt{3}(u-v) \end{equation} +where +\[ u = \sqrt[3]{-q + \sqrt{q^2+p^3}},\qquad v = \sqrt[3]{-q - \sqrt{q^2+p^3}} \] +\end{document} + + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-4.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-4.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..47e66f15dd1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-4.tex @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\usepackage{german} +\begin{document} +Each of the measurements $x_1 < x_2 < \cdots < x_r$ occures +$p_1$-, $p_2$-$,\ldots,p_r$ times. The mean value and standard deviation +are then +\[ x = \frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^r p_i x_i,\qquad s= \sqrt{\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^r + p_i(x_i - x)^2} \] +where $ n = p_1 + p_2 +\cdots+p_r $. +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-5.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-5.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1a2fc238383 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-5.tex @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +Although this equation looks very complicated, it should not present +any great difficulties: +\[ \int\frac{\sqrt{(ax+b)^3}}{x}\,dx = \frac{2\sqrt{(ax+b)^3}}{3} + + 2b\sqrt{ax+b} + b^2\int\frac{dx}{x\sqrt{ax+b}} \] +The same applies to $\int^8_{-1}(dx/\sqrt[3]{x}) = \frac{3}{2}(8^{2/3} + + 1^{2/3}) = 15/2$ +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-6.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-6.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2d353a59383 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-6.tex @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +The union of two sets $\mathcal{A}$ and $\mathcal{B}$ is the set of elements +that are in at least one of the two sets, and is designated as +$\mathcal{A\cup B}$. This operation is commutative +$\mathcal{A\cup B = B\cup A}$ and associative $\mathcal{(A\cup B)\cup C = +A\cup(B\cup C)}$. If $\mathcal{A\subseteq B}$, then +$\mathcal{A\cup B = B}$. It then follows that $\mathcal{A\cup A = A}$, +$\mathcal{A\cup\{\emptyset\} = A}$ and $\mathcal{J\cup A = J}$. + +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-7.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-7.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8ee134a9963 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-7.tex @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +\noindent +Applying l'Hopital's rule, one has +\[ \lim_{x\to0}\frac{\ln\sin\pi x}{\ln\sin x} + = \lim_{x\to0}\frac{\pi\frac{\cos\pi x}{\sin\pi x}}{\frac{\cos x}{\sin x}} + = \lim_{x\to0}\frac{\pi\tan x}{\tan\pi x} + = \lim_{x\to0}\frac{\pi/\cos^2 x}{\pi/\cos^2 \pi x} + = \lim_{x\to0}\frac{\cos^2\pi x}{\cos^2 x} = 1 \] +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-8.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-8.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b163e13ded6 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-8.tex @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\setlength{\textwidth}{135mm} +\begin{document} +\noindent +The gamma function $\Gamma(x)$ is defined as +\[ \Gamma(x)\equiv\lim_{n\to\infty}\prod_{\nu=0}^{n-1}\frac{n!n^{x-1}}{x+\nu} + = \lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{n!n^{x-1}}{x(x+1)(x+2)\cdots(x+n-1)} + \equiv\int_0^\infty e^{-t}t^{x-1}\,dt \] +The integral definition is valid only for $x>0$ (2nd Euler integral). +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-9.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-9.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3a104cd3ba0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-9.tex @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +The reduced cubic equation $y^3 + 3py +2q = 0$ has one real and two complex +solutions when $D = q^2 + p^3 > 0$. These are given by Cardan's formula as +\begin{equation} y_1 = u + v \end{equation} +\begin{equation} y_2 = -\frac{u+v}{2} + \frac{i}{2}\sqrt{3}(u-v) \end{equation} +\begin{equation} y_3 = -\frac{u+v}{2} - \frac{i}{2}\sqrt{3}(u-v) \end{equation} +where +\[ u = \sqrt[3]{-q + \sqrt{q^2+p^3}},\qquad v = \sqrt[3]{-q - \sqrt{q^2+p^3}} \] +\end{document} + + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap8/exer8-1.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap8/exer8-1.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..218de1ba564 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap8/exer8-1.tex @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\usepackage[dvips]{graphics} +\begin{document} +This is some sample text together with an include graphic given as an +\texttt{.eps}-File. The beginning text stands above the graphic that +follows now + +\includegraphics{demo} + +Below the graphic some additional follows as shown here. +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap8/exer8-2.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap8/exer8-2.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..cf45720ae5e --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap8/exer8-2.tex @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\usepackage[dvips]{graphicx} +\begin{document} +This is some sample text together with an include graphic given as an +\texttt{.eps}-File. The beginning text stands above the graphic that +follows now + +\includegraphics[scale=2.0, angle=45, origin=c]{demo} + +Below the graphic some additional follows as shown here. +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap8/exer8-3.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap8/exer8-3.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ca2655f5691 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap8/exer8-3.tex @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article} +\usepackage[dvipsnames]{color} +\usepackage{multicol} +\pagestyle{empty} +\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{0pt} +\setlength{\textwidth}{16cm} +\setlength{\textheight}{22cm} +\setlength{\parindent}{0pt} +\setlength{\parskip}{0pt} + +\begin{document} +\renewcommand*{\DefineNamedColor}[4]{% + \textcolor[named]{#2}{\rule{7mm}{7mm}}\quad + \texttt{#2}\strut\\} + +\begin{center}\Large Named colors in \texttt{dvipsnam.def} +\end{center} +\begin{multicols}{3} +\input{dvipsnam.def} +\end{multicols} +\end{document} |