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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/fancybox/fancybox-doc.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/fancybox/fancybox-doc.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8dca71a29d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/fancybox/fancybox-doc.tex @@ -0,0 +1,1146 @@ +%% BEGIN fancybox-doc +%% +%% COPYRIGHT 1992, by Timothy Van Zandt, Timothy.VAN-ZANDT@insead.edu. +%% COPYRIGHT 2010, by Herbert Voss hvoss@tug.org. +%% +%% Documentation for fancybox.sty. +%% +%% This file may be distributed and/or modified under the conditions of +%% the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.2 of this license +%% or (at your option) any later version. The latest version of this +%% license is in: +%% +%% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt +%% +%% and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX version +%% 1999/12/01 or later. +%% +%% +%% +%% This creates two temporary files: \jobname.ex1 and \jobname.tmp + +\documentclass[12pt]{article} +\usepackage [T1]{fontenc} +\usepackage{mathpazo,url} + +\usepackage{fancybox} +\let\FBfv\fileversion +\usepackage{url} + +\VerbatimFootnotes +\makeatletter +% Short meta (works in verbatim. Can't use < for other purposes. +\catcode`\<=13 \def<#1>{{\rm\it #1\/}} % <meta> (works in verbatim) + +% Short verbatim. " can appear in verbatim environments. +\def\temp{\Verb"} +\expandafter\def\expandafter\dospecials\expandafter{\dospecials\do\"} +\catcode`\"=13 +\let"\temp + +% Verbatim item: +\newcommand{\vitem}{\SaveVerb[{\def\bf{}\item[\UseVerb{\MyTemp}]}]{\MyTemp}} + +%% EXAMPLES: + +\setlength{\fboxsep}{6pt} + +\begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.ex1} +% 1. Save example verbatim to \jobname.tmp, +% 2. Input verbatim with \catcode`\"=14 (" is a comment). +% 3. Input again with \catcode\`"=9 (" is ignored). + +\renewcommand{\EveryVerbatimLine}[2]{} +\renewcommand{\EveryVerbOutLine}[2]{} +\newcommand\BeginExample{% + \VerbatimEnvironment\begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.tmp}} +\newcommand\EndExample{% + \end{VerbatimOut}%. + \renewcommand{\EveryVerbatimLine}{}% + \renewcommand{\EveryVerbatimCodes}{\catcode`\"=14}% + \LVerbatimInput{\jobname.tmp}% + \catcode`\"=9} +\newenvironment{example}{\BeginExample}{\EndExample + \begin{center}\input{\jobname.tmp}\end{center}} +\newenvironment{example*}{\BeginExample}% + {\EndExample \input{\jobname.tmp}} +\newenvironment{example**}{\BeginExample}% + {\EndExample \globaldefs=1 \input{\jobname.tmp}} +\end{VerbatimOut} + +\input{\jobname.ex1} +\makeatother + +\title{Documentation for fancybox.sty:\\ + Box tips and tricks for \LaTeX\thanks{Documentation revised by Herbert Vo\ss}} +\author{Timothy Van Zandt\\ \url{Timothy.VAN-ZANDT@insead.edu}} +\date{Version \FBfv\\ \today} + + +\begin{document} +\maketitle +\begin{abstract} +"fancybox.sty", together with its documentation, gives extensive answers to +and solutions for many questions about how to frame or rotate this or that in +\LaTeX. It also contains commands for shadow, double and oval frames. +\end{abstract} +\vfill +Thanks to Heiko Oberdiek, Marcin Wolinski. +\clearpage +\tableofcontents +\clearpage +\section{Fancy frames} + +"fancybox.sty" has five variants of \LaTeX's "\fbox" command: +\begin{quote}\raggedright +"\shadowbox", "\doublebox", "\ovalbox" (with "\thinlines") and "\Ovalbox" +(with "\thicklines"). +\end{quote} +Here are examples:\footnote{In this documentation, the default value of +"\fboxsep" has been changed from 3pt to 6pt.} +\begin{example} + \shadowbox{\large\bf New Glarus Birdwatch} +\end{example} +\begin{example} + \doublebox{\large\bf New Glarus Birdwatch} +\end{example} +\begin{example} + \ovalbox{\large\bf New Glarus Birdwatch} +\end{example} +\begin{example} + \Ovalbox{\large\bf New Glarus Birdwatch} +\end{example} + +The distance between the box and the frame is "\fboxsep", as with \LaTeX's +"\fbox" command. The commands use other parameters as well: +\begin{description} +\vitem"\shadowbox" The width of the frame is "\fboxrule" (the same as with +"\fbox"). The width of the shadow is "\shadowsize" (default: "4pt"). + +\vitem"\doublebox" The width of the inner frame is .75"\fboxrule", and the +width of the outer frame is 1.5"\fboxrule". The distance between the two +frames is 1.5"\fboxrule" plus .5pt. + +\vitem"\ovalbox" The width of the frame is set by the "\thinlines" +declaration. The diameter of the corner arcs is set with the "\cornersize" +command. +\begin{LVerbatim} + \cornersize{<num>} +\end{LVerbatim} +sets the diameter of the corners arcs to <num> times the lessor of the width +and height of the box. +\begin{LVerbatim} + \cornersize*{<dim>} +\end{LVerbatim} +sets the diameter of the corner arcs to <dim>. This is all approximate, +because \LaTeX\ has a limited range of arc sizes to choose from. The default +is +\begin{LVerbatim} + \cornersize{.5} +\end{LVerbatim} + +\vitem"\Ovalbox" This is like "\ovalbox", except that the width of the lines +is set by the "\thicklines" declaration. +\end{description} + +There are no analogs to \LaTeX's "\framebox" command, which has various +optional arguments not supported by "\fbox". You can get the exact same +functionality by putting the argument of the above framing commands in a +"\makebox". + +There is also a variant "\fancyoval" of \LaTeX's "\oval" picture object. The +difference is that "\oval" always makes the diameter of the corner arcs as +large as possible, and "\fancyoval" uses the "\cornersize" command to set the +diameter. + +\section{A short course on boxes} + +\begingroup\sloppy +The "\shadowbox", "\doublebox", "\ovalbox" and "\Ovalbox" commands described +in the previous section are examples of LR-box commands, meaning that their +argument is processed in LR mode. \LaTeX\ LR-box commands include "\mbox", +"\makebox", "\fbox", "\framebox", "\sbox" and "\savebox". All the PSTricks +commands whose argument is text are LR-box commands, including, e.g, the +framing, rotating, scaling and positioning commands, and some of the node +commands. Any rotation command is an LR-box command. + +\endgroup + +The purpose of the rest of this documentation is to provide answers to, and +solutions for, frequently asked questions about using LR-box commands with +\LaTeX. I will use "\fbox" for the leading example of a box framing +command,\footnote{In the examples using "\fbox", be aware that the default +value of "\fboxsep" has been changed in this documentation from 3pt to 6pt.} +and "\rotateleft" for the leading example of a box rotation command. +("fancybox.sty" does not contain a "\rotateleft" command, as this must be +implemented via "\special"'s, but there are numerous box-rotation style files +around.) However, most of what is said here applies to any LR-box command. + +In each LR-box command, the text is processed in restricted horizontal mode, +which is referred to as ``LR-mode'' in Lamport's {\em \LaTeX: User's Guide and +Reference Manual}. In restricted horizontal mode, the input, consisting of +regular characters and boxes, is made into one (long or short) line. There is +no line-breaking, nor can there be vertical mode material such as an entire +displayed equation. However, the fact that you can include another box means +that this isn't really a restriction. + +For one thing, alignment environments such as \LaTeX's "tabular" are just +boxes, and thus present no problem. Picture environments and the LR-box +commands themselves are also just boxes. Entire paragraphs or other vertical +mode material such as displayed equations can be nested in a "\parbox" or +"minipage". + +\section{Defining LR-box environments} + +To frame a "minipage", you have to write +\begin{LVerbatim} + \fbox{% + \begin{minipage}{3in} + blah + \end{minipage}} +\end{LVerbatim} +You might want to define an environment "fminipage" that frames its contents, +but you can't use +\begin{LVerbatim} + \newenvironment{fminipage}% + {\fbox{\begin{minipage}}% + {\end{minipage}}} +\end{LVerbatim} +because the braces are not balanced in the definition. + +"fancybox.sty" contains an "Sbox" environment that makes it easy to define +your own LR-box environments. It is a variant of \LaTeX's "\sbox" command that +saves the contents of the environment in a storage bin that can be retrieved +with the command "\TheSbox".\footnote{The difference between +\begin{LVerbatim} + \begin{Sbox} + blah + \end{Sbox} + \TheSbox +\end{LVerbatim} +and +\begin{LVerbatim} + \newsavebox{\mybox} + \sbox{\mybox}{blah} + \usebox{\mybox} +\end{LVerbatim} +is that "Sbox" saves the contents globally, and "\TheSbox" erases the contents +globally.} +For example, here is a framed minipage: +\begin{LVerbatim} + \begin{Sbox} + \begin{minipage}{3in} + blah + \end{minipage} + \end{Sbox} + \fbox{\TheSbox} +\end{LVerbatim} +and here is an "fminipage" environment that works: +\begin{example**} + \newenvironment{fminipage}% + {\begin{Sbox}\begin{minipage}}% + {\end{minipage}\end{Sbox}\fbox{\TheSbox}} +\end{example**} +Let's see that it really works: +\begin{example} + \begin{fminipage}{2in} + Since the former doesn't use braces to delimit + the contents of the box, $\ldots$ + \end{fminipage} +\end{example} + + +\section{Math} + +In-line math, or pieces of a displayed equation (as opposed to a whole +equation), are horizontal mode material, but most LR-box commands switch out +of math mode when they occur in math mode. Thus, you have to explicitly switch +back in to math mode when desired.\footnote{This is {\em not} true for the +PSTricks LR-box commands.} +For example: +\begin{example} + $x + y = \fbox{$\Omega$}$ +\end{example} + +You also have to explicitly write +\begin{quote} + "\scriptstyle", "\scriptscriptstyle" or "\displaystyle" +\end{quote} +if you want one of these special math styles. For example, here I will frame +an equation, but not the equation number: +\begin{example*} + \begin{equation} + \fbox{$\displaystyle + \int_{\Omega_0} \zeta(\omega) d\omega + \geq \bar{r}$} + \end{equation} +\end{example*} + +Entire displayed equations or "eqnarray" environments work differently because +they are vertical mode material. Thus, they have to go inside a "\parbox" or +"minipage". E.g., +\begin{example*} + \newlength{\mylength} + \[ + \setlength{\fboxsep}{15pt} + \setlength{\mylength}{\linewidth} + \addtolength{\mylength}{-2\fboxsep} + \addtolength{\mylength}{-2\fboxrule} + \fbox{% + \parbox{\mylength}{ + \setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{0pt} + \setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{0pt} + \begin{equation} + x + y = z + \end{equation}}} + \] +\end{example*} +The outer "\[" "\]" are just used to display the boxed equation, rather than +actually switch into math mode. Note how I set the width of the "\parbox" so +that the displayed box would exactly have width "\linewidth".\footnote{That is +what "\mylength" is for. It is better to define a single scratch length that +you reuse rather than creating a new one each time.} + + I also set the display skips to "0pt" and increased the size of "\fboxsep" so +that I would have the same distance all around between the equation and the +frame. + +This is again a mouthful, and so I might instead define:\footnote{The reason +for using "\minipage" instead of "\begin{minipage}", and so on, is that with +AmS-\LaTeX, "\begin" and "\end" cannot appear in the definition of a new +equation environment.} +\begin{example**} + \newenvironment{FramedEqn}% + {\setlength{\fboxsep}{15pt} + \setlength{\mylength}{\linewidth}% + \addtolength{\mylength}{-2\fboxsep}% + \addtolength{\mylength}{-2\fboxrule}% + \Sbox + \minipage{\mylength}% + \setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{0pt}% + \setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{0pt}% + \equation}% + {\endequation\endminipage\endSbox + \[\fbox{\TheSbox}\]} +\end{example**} +"fancybox.sty" doesn't bother defining any such environments, because there +are too many possible designs. But let's see if the one above works: +\begin{example*} + \begin{FramedEqn} + \Rightarrow P\sim\xi(P_\gamma)- \frac{1}{3} + \end{FramedEqn} +\end{example*} + +"fancybox.sty" contains a "Beqnarray" environment, which is like the +"eqnarray" environment but it is not vertical mode material. Instead, it +produces a box just large enough to hold all the equations. For example: +\begin{example} + \fbox{% + \begin{Beqnarray*} + x & = & y\\ + y & > & x \\ + \int_4^5 f(x)dx & = & \sum_{i\in F} x_i + \end{Beqnarray*}} +\end{example} +The unstarred version produces standard equation numbers on the right (even +with the "leqno" style option and AmS-\LaTeX). It might not work with special +equation numbering macros. + + +\section{Floats}\label{floats} + +A common mistake is to put a whole "table", "figure" or other float +environment inside an LR-box command. Instead, you should put everything that +is {\em inside} the environment (including the "\caption", if you want that +boxed too) inside a "minipage" of the desired width, and then put the +"minipage" inside the LR-box command. + +For example: +\begin{example*} + \begin{table}[h] + \begin{center} + \fbox{% + \begin{minipage}{.8\textwidth} + \begin{center} + \begin{tabular}{rl} + foo & bar + \end{tabular} + \end{center} + \caption{A table of foo and bar.} + \end{minipage}} + \end{center} + \end{table} +\end{example*} +Note how I had to use "center" twice: once to center the framed box, and again +to center the stuff inside the box. + +That is a mouthful, and so I might define a "FramedTable" environment like the +following, which sets the size of the "minipage" so that the framed box is +exactly the width of the page (no need for the first "center" environment this +time): +\begin{example**} + \newenvironment{FramedTable}% + {\begin{table}[h] + \begin{Sbox}% + \setlength{\mylength}{\textwidth}% + \addtolength{\mylength}{-2\fboxsep}% + \addtolength{\mylength}{-2\fboxrule}% + \begin{minipage}{\mylength}}% + {\end{minipage}\end{Sbox}\fbox{\TheSbox}\end{table}}% +\end{example**} +Now let's see if it works: +\begin{example*} + \begin{FramedTable} + \begin{center} + \begin{tabular}{rl} + foo & bar + \end{tabular} + \end{center} + \caption{A table of foo and bar.} + \end{FramedTable} +\end{example*} + +The most common reason to want to rotate an entire float, caption and all, is +to put it on a page by itself in landscape mode, centered both horizontally +and vertically. Compared to the table framing we did above, we just have to +replace "\fbox" by our box rotation command (e.g., "\rotateleft" or whatever), +set the width of the minipage to "\textheight" (if you want to use the full +size of the page), and use the float position specifier "[p]". "fancybox.sty" +contains an environment, +\begin{LVerbatim} + \begin{landfloat}{<float>}{<rotation command>} + ... + \end{landfloat} +\end{LVerbatim} +that automates this. It has two arguments: the name of the floating +environment, and your rotation command. For example, if "\rotateleft{foo}" +rotates "foo" by 90 degrees, and you want a landscape mode "table", then try +\begin{LVerbatim} + \begin{landfloat}{table}{\rotateleft} + ... + \end{landfloat} +\end{LVerbatim} +If the whole document is in landscape mode, then "landfloat" gives you a +portrait-mode float---good for a table that is too tall to fit in landscape +mode. + +If you don't add a caption to a float, it doesn't matter much what floating +environment you use (e.g., "table", "figure" or whatever). Thus, you can put +anything in a landscape float. For example, suppose I have a very wide +equation. Then I can write: +\begin{LVerbatim} + \begin{landfloat}{table}{\rotateleft} + \begin{equation} + ... + \end{equation} + \end{landfloat} +\end{LVerbatim} +"fancybox.sty" defines a generic caption, "\GenericCaption", that doesn't +affect the numbering of floats, doesn't make an entry in a list of floats, and +doesn't add anything to the argument you give. I could have used this if I +wanted to add a caption to the previous example. + +\section{Center, flushleft and flushright} + +There are two ways to box a "center", "flushleft" or "flushright" environment. +If you have long lines and you want \TeX\ to do the line breaking, then put +the environment inside a "minipage".\footnote{List and other such environments +work best inside a "minipage" environment rather than a "\parbox".} If you +have short lines and you want the frame to adjust itself to the size of the +longest line, then use "fancybox.sty"'s +\begin{quote} + "Bcenter", "Bflushleft" or "Bflushright" +\end{quote} +environment instead. + +These are basically just "tabular" environments with a single column, and so +each line should end with "\\", or "\\["<dim>"]" to insert extra space, and +the text on each line must be balanced. Also, each line is sitting in its own +group, and so, e.g., if you want to change the font for the whole environment, +you should do this before the environment rather than after. +Like the "tabular" environment, the box that is produced has the baseline at +the center, unless you include an optional argument "[t]" to align the box +with the top line or "[b]" to align the box with the bottom line. + +For example: +\begin{example} + \setlength{\fboxsep}{10pt}% + \fbox{% + \begin{Bcenter} + Love of life\\ + and other short stories\\ + by Policarpa Salabarrieta + \end{Bcenter}} +\end{example} +Compare this with: +\begin{example} + \setlength{\fboxsep}{10pt}% + \fbox{% + \begin{minipage}{6cm} + \begin{center} + Love of life and other short stories + by Policarpa Salabarrieta + \end{center} + \end{minipage}} +\end{example} + +In either case, if we want the resulting framed box centered, we have to +include it inside another "center" environment. + +Here is another example: +\begin{example} + My list: \fbox{% + \begin{Bflushleft}[b] + Galanga root\\ + Coconut\\ + Tempeh + \end{Bflushleft}} +\end{example} + + +\section{Lists} + +There are again two ways to box a list environment such as +\begin{quote} + "itemize", "enumerate" or "description". +\end{quote} +You can put it in a "minipage" of pre-determined size and let \TeX\ do the +line breaking, or you can use +\begin{quote} + "Bitemize", "Benumerate" or "Bdescription" +\end{quote} +instead, and let the box adjust to the size of the longest line. + +For example. +\begin{example} + \fbox{% + \begin{Bitemize} + \item Groceries + \item Clean hamster cages + \item Pick up Peter + \end{Bitemize}} +\end{example} + + Most of the usual list parameters are irrelevant except for "\itemsep" and +"\labelsep". These environments are also based on the "tabular" environment, +and so each item should be balanced text. You can't write "\vspace{4pt}" +either, but you can insert an extra amount of space before an item by writing +"\item(4pt)" (or "\item(4pt)[label]" if you have a label). Also, you can break +lines within an item using "\\" or "\\[<dim>]". For example: +\begin{example} + \fbox{% + \begin{Bdescription} + \item[David] Groceries + \item[Eli] Hamster cages\\ + Surreal numbers + \item(3pt)[Doris] Pick up Peter + \end{Bdescription}} +\end{example} + +These environments also have an optional argument, "[t]" to align the box with +the top line, and "[b]" to align the box with the bottom line. +\begin{example} + To do: + \fbox{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}% + \begin{Benumerate}[t] + \item Groceries + \item Hamster cages + \item Pick up Peter + \end{Benumerate}} +\end{example} + +There is also a generic "\Blist" command that is analogous to \LaTeX's +"\list". It has the same two obligatory arguments, plus a third optional +"[t]" or "[b]" argument for changing the alignment. + +\section{Superimposing boxes} + +The command +\begin{LVerbatim} + \boxput*(<x>,<y>){<LR stuff1>}{<LR stuff2>} +\end{LVerbatim} +puts <LR stuff1> either behind (the default) or in front of (with the "*") <LR +stuff2>.\footnote{You will only notice the difference between "\boxput" and +"\boxput*" if you are using color implemented by "\special"'s} The resulting +box has the dimensions of <LR stuff2>. + +The coordinates "(<x>,<y>)" determine where the center of <LR stuff1> is +positioned. For example, "(0,0)" puts it at the center of <LR stuff2>, "(0,1)" +puts it at the center-top, and "(-1,-1)" puts it in the bottom-left corner. + +More generally, the origin of the coordinate system is at the center of <LR +stuff2>, one unit in the vertical direction is half the vertical size of <LR +stuff2>, and one unit in the horizontal direction is half the width of <LR +stuff2>. Thus, <x> and <y> should always be numbers (without units such as +"pt" or "cm"), with one exception: If <y> is "b" or "B", <LR stuff1> is +positioned vertically at the baseline of <LR stuff2>. "(<x>,<y>)" is +optional---the default is "(0,0)". + +Except for the funny coordinate system, "\boxput" is like the "\put" command +in a "picture". In particular, you can use "\makebox" in <LR stuff1> to +fine-tune the positioning, and <LR-stuff1> can contain a "picture" +environment. + +You might use "\boxput" to put a ``water mark'' in the background of a box, or +to put a label next to a box, when you don't want this label to take up any +space. Here is a lazy example: +\begin{example} + \boxput{\makebox(0,0){\Huge Censored!}}{\parbox{3in}{% + The origin of the coordinate system is at the center of + {\em LR stuff2}, and one unit in the x-direction + is half the width of {\em LR stuff2}.}} +\end{example} + +This would be a lot more interesting using PSTricks, with ``Censored!'' in the +foreground, rotated 30 degrees, and red: +\begin{LVerbatim} + \boxput*{\rput{30}{\Huge\red Censored}}{\parbox{3in}{% + blah blah}} +\end{LVerbatim} + +Here is another example using PSTricks: +\begin{LVerbatim} + \newcommand{\titledframe}[2]{% + \boxput*(0,1){\psframebox*{#1}}% + {\psframebox[framesep=12pt]{#2}}} +\end{LVerbatim} +\newcommand{\titledframe}[2]{% + \boxput*(0,1){#1}% + {\fboxsep=12pt \fbox{#2}}} +The following example illustrated roughly how it works, but ``My title'' does +not blot out the frame behind it because this documentation does not use +PSTricks. \begin{example} + \titledframe{My title}{% + \parbox{2in}{The title is superimposed + on the top part of the frame.}} +\end{example} + +\section{Framing a whole page} + +The commands +\begin{LVerbatim} + \fancyput*(<x>,<y>){<LR stuff>} + \thisfancyput*(<x>,<y>){<LR stuff>} +\end{LVerbatim} +are pretty much like "\put" commands in a \LaTeX\ picture environment whose +origin is 1 inch down and to the right from the top left corner of the +page.\footnote{Don't blame me for \TeX's peculiar 1 inch margins.} The only +differences are that (i) that any LR-mode material is permitted (including +\LaTeX\ "picture" environment, of course), (ii) the coordinate is optional +"(0pt,0pt)" is substituted by default), and (iii) if the coordinate is +included, you {\em must} specify the units. + +"\thisfancyput" affects only the current page, and is a global declaration +(analogous to "\thispagestyle"). + +If you include the optional "*", then the command adds to, rather than +replaces, other things that have been inserted with "\fancyput" or +"\thisfancyput". + +These commands are particularly useful for framing a page, because you can get +a frame that is, e.g., 1 inch from each side of the physical page without +having to worry about what margins you are using for the document. Here is an +example: +\begin{example*} + \thisfancyput(3.25in,-4.5in){% + \setlength{\unitlength}{1in}\fancyoval(7,9.5)} +\end{example*} +You could also use "\fancyput" to add some kind of ``watermark'' or background +image (e.g., a light gray ``DRAFT''). + +There are other commands that directly frame or in some other way box the page +of text: +\begin{LVerbatim} + \fancypage{<cmds1>}{<cmds2>} + \thisfancypage{<cmds1>}{<cmds2>} +\end{LVerbatim} + +Each finished page, before adding the headers and footers, (and thus having +width and height "\textwidth" and "\textheight", is boxed with +\begin{LVerbatim} + <cmds1>{<pagebox>} +\end{LVerbatim} +Thus, <cmds1> should be, or should end with, a command whose argument can be a +box, such as "\fbox" or "\rotateleft". + +Then the headers and footers are added, using the new width of the page, and +this is boxed with +\begin{LVerbatim} + <cmds2>{<pagebox>} +\end{LVerbatim} +The same rules apply to <cmds2> as to <cmds1>. + +Here is an example: +\begin{example*} + \thisfancypage{% + \setlength{\fboxsep}{8pt}% + \setlength{\shadowsize}{8pt}% + \shadowbox}{} +\end{example*} + +{\bf Warning:} The commands described in this section change \LaTeX's output +routine, and may not work with document styles that do the same. Also, bad +arguments can cause serious errors with uninformative error messages. + +\section{Switching to landscape mode midstream} + +The most common reason to switch to landscape mode midstream is to rotate a +float, such as a table or figure. This was discussed in Section \ref{floats}. + +If you want to rotate one or more pages, without rotating the headers and +footers, use the +\begin{LVerbatim} + \begin{LandScape}{<cmd>} + ... + \end{LandScape} +\end{LVerbatim} +environment. <cmd> should be the command for rotating the page 90 degrees to +the left or right. (E.g., "\rotateleft", or "\rotate[l]".) + +If you want to rotate the headers, footers and margins as well, use the +\begin{LVerbatim} + \begin{Landscape}{<paperwidth>}{<paperheight>}{<cmd>} + ... + \end{Landscape} +\end{LVerbatim} +environment (the small "s" makes the difference) to rotate the pages left +(counterclockwise), and use the "Landscape*" environment (same arguments) to +rotate the pages right (clockwise). The three arguments are the width of the +paper, the height of the paper, and the rotation command you are using. For +example, if I have a portrait mode document using the US 8.5in by 11in paper, +and if "\rotateleft{foo}" rotates "foo" 90 degrees counterclockwise, then I +can write +\begin{LVerbatim} + \begin{Landscape}{8.5in}{11in}{\rotateleft} +\end{LVerbatim} + +You can use "\LandScape", "\Landscape" and "\Landscape*", rather then the +"LandScape", "Landscape" and "Landscape*" environments, if you want the rest +of the document to be in landscape mode. + +If your document is being printed in landscape mode, then these environments +switch to portrait mode. + +For example, suppose I have a landscape mode document, and I want to switch to +portrait mode for the rest of the document, rotating the pages to the +``right'' with "\rotateright". Then I would write +\begin{LVerbatim} + \Landscape*{11in}{8.5in}{\rotateright} +\end{LVerbatim} + +These environments switch the text width and height, leaving the margins +exactly as they were before. It is quite possible that you want to make other +changes to the page parameters after switching to landscape mode, but as +Lamport points out the \LaTeX\ {\em User's Guide and Reference Manual}, this +generally doesn't work right in the middle of the document. "fancybox.sty" has +a command "\UsePageParameters" which gets around this. It should be used right +after you change the page parameters (and the page parameter changes should +come right after the beginning of the landscape environment, or "\clearpage"). + +{\bf Warning:} The commands and environments described in this section change +\LaTeX's output routine, and may not work with document styles that do the +same. Also, bad arguments can cause serious errors with uninformative error +messages. + +\section{Verbatim} + +If you try to frame some verbatim text by typing +\begin{LVerbatim} + \fbox{% + \begin{minipage}{5cm} + \begin{verbatim} + \My \Program \Listing + if { foo } { bar } fi + \end{verbatim} + \end{minipage}} +\end{LVerbatim} +you will get nonsense at best. This is because the argument to "\fbox" is read +before the "\begin{verbatim}" is processed. But then it is too late for \TeX\ +to go back and interpret the contents of the verbatim environment literally +rather than as special \TeX\ commands and characters. + +One solution is to use the "Sbox" environment: +\begin{example} + \begin{Sbox} + \begin{minipage}{5cm} + \begin{verbatim} + \My \Program \Listing + if { foo } { bar } fi + \end{verbatim} + \end{minipage} + \end{Sbox} + \setlength{\fboxsep}{8pt} + \fbox{\TheSbox} +\end{example} + +"fancybox.sty" also contains a command that ``fixes'' \LaTeX's LR-box commands +for use with verbatim text: +\begin{LVerbatim} + \VerbBox{<cmd>}{<LR stuff>} +\end{LVerbatim} +This is like +\begin{LVerbatim} + <cmd>{<LR stuff>} +\end{LVerbatim} +but <LR stuff> can contain verbatim text.\footnote{Or other tricks that +involve "\catcode" changes, as occurs with some foreign language macros.} For +example: +\begin{example} + \VerbBox{\fbox}{\verb+\foo{bar}+} +\end{example} + +For footnotes, put the command "\VerbatimFootnotes" in the preamble, and then +you can use verbatim commands or environments in the argument of "\footnote". +This is an optional feature because it might conflict with somebody else's +modification of the footnote system. + +If you try to define your own framed verbatim environment with +\begin{LVerbatim} + \newenvironment{FramedVerb}% + {\begin{Sbox}\begin{minipage}{5in}\begin{verbatim}} + {\end{verbatim}\end{minipage}\end{Sbox} + \setlength{\fboxsep}{8pt}\fbox{\TheSbox}} +\end{LVerbatim} +and then type +\begin{LVerbatim} + \begin{FramedVerb} + if { foo } { bar } fi + \end{FramedVerb} +\end{LVerbatim} +you will again run into trouble because after the "\begin{verbatim}", \LaTeX\ +is searching for the literal string "\end{verbatim}" as the end of the +verbatim text. It just skips right over the "\end{FramedVerb}" and may well +continue to the end of the file or until it throws up. + +"fancybox.sty" contains some verbatim environments that get around this +problem and that have other advantages for LR-boxing verbatim listings, when +compared to the standard \LaTeX\ "verbatim" environment. Admittedly, many of +their special features have nothing to do with boxes. + +Here are the basic verbatim environments: +\begin{description} + \vitem"Verbatim" Works pretty much like \LaTeX's "verbatim". + \vitem"LVerbatim" Like "Verbatim", but "list" rather than "trivlist" is used +to display the listing, and so it is indented from the left margin. (This is +what I am using for verbatim listings in this document.) + \vitem"BVerbatim[<pos>]" Produces a box with the same width as the longest +verbatim line. The baseline is in the center, unless you include the optional +argument "[t]" for alignment with the top line or "[b]" for alignment with the +bottom line. + \vitem"VerbatimOut{<file>}" Writes the verbatim text to <file>. + \vitem"SaveVerbatim{<cmd>}" Saves the verbatim text as <cmd>. <cmd> is +defined globally, without checking whether <cmd> is already defined. Use +obviously innocuous names like "\MyTemp". +\end{description} + +{\bf Important:} For any of these verbatim environments, or new verbatim +environments you define yourself (see below), nothing should come after +"\begin{Verbatim}" or before "\end{Verbatim}" on the same line --- not even +spaces!% + \footnote{If you need to allow something to come before "\end{Verbatim}", +then you have two options: + \begin{itemize} + \item Put the command "\AltGetVerbatim" in the preamble. This switches to a +scheme where anything preceding "\end{Verbatim}" is simply ignored. This can +cause problems if you do really weird things with active characters or other +commands within the verbatim environment (e.g., active conditionals that are +not balanced within a line of verbatim text), but in this case you are +probably a good enough hacker to use the next option. + \item "\EndVerbatimTokens" is a token register that you can set to the +tokens that should precede "\end{Verbatim}" on the same line, with their +verbatim "\catcode"'s. + \end{itemize}} +If you put something after "\begin{Verbatim}" on the same line, it is simply +ignored. However, if you put something after "\end{Verbatim}" on the same +line, or if you misspell "\end{Verbatim}", you will get an error such as +\begin{LVerbatim} + ! File ended while scanning use of \Verbatim. +\end{LVerbatim} +and the document will end at that point. + +You can define new verbatim environments using "\newenvironment". You just +have to start the definition with +\begin{LVerbatim} + \VerbatimEnvironment +\end{LVerbatim} + For example, here is the framed verbatim environment we tried earlier: +\begin{example**} + \newenvironment{FramedVerb}% + {\VerbatimEnvironment + \begin{Sbox}\begin{minipage}{5cm}\begin{Verbatim}}% + {\end{Verbatim}\end{minipage}\end{Sbox} + \setlength{\fboxsep}{8pt}\fbox{\TheSbox}} +\end{example**} +Let's give it a try: +\begin{example} + \begin{FramedVerb} + if { foo } { bar } fi + \end{FramedVerb} +\end{example} + +Here are three commands for inputting a whole file verbatim. The file must end +with a new line. +\begin{description} + \vitem"\VerbatimInput{<file>}" Like "\Verbatim". + \vitem"\LVerbatimInput{<file>}" Like "\LVerbatim". + \vitem"\BVerbatimInput[<pos>]{<file>}" Like "\BVerbatim". +\end{description} + +Here are three commands for making use of verbatim text that has been saved to +a command: +\begin{description} + \vitem"\UseVerbatim{<cmd>}" Like "\Verbatim". + \vitem"\LUseVerbatim{<cmd>}" Like "\LVerbatim". + \vitem"\BUseVerbatim[<pos>]{<cmd>}" Like "\BVerbatim". +\end{description} +The "SaveVerbatim" environment and the "\UseVerbatim" commands are useful for +including verbatim text in the argument of "\marginpar", "\fbox" and other +commands. For example, here is another way to define the "FramedVerb" +environment: +\begin{LVerbatim} + \newenvironment{FramedVerb}% + {\VerbatimEnvironment + \begin{SaveVerbatim}{\MyTemp}}% + {\end{SaveVerbatim}% + \setlength{\fboxsep}{8pt}% + \fbox{\begin{minipage}{5cm}\UseVerbatim{\MyTemp} + \end{minipage}}} +\end{LVerbatim} + +Here are some verbatim commands for short-pieces of (in-line) verbatim text: +\begin{description} + \vitem"\Verb<char> <literal> <char>" \ \\ + Like \LaTeX's "\verb" command, but it will complain if it encounters a new +line in <literal>.\footnote{Be careful that your word processing does not +insert one for you.} For example: +\begin{example*} + "\begin{quote} + The main use for the \Verb+SaveVerbatim+ + environment and the \Verb+\UseVerbatim+ + commands is to include $\ldots$ + "\end{quote} +\end{example*} + \vitem"\UseVerb{<cmd>}" Like "\UseVerbatim", but without any particular +formatting. It is intended for including short pieces of literal text saved +with "\SaveVerb" (below).\footnote{But it can also be used for multiple lines +saved with the "SaveVerbatim" environment if you want to do the formatting +yourself. E.g., try this in a tabbing environment with "\VerbatimTab" +appropriately defined.} + \vitem"\SaveVerb[<whatever>]{<cmd>}<char> <literal> <char>"\ \\ + This is like "\Verb", but it saves <literal> as <cmd>, and then returns to +the optional argument <whatever>. Like the "SaveVerbatim" environment, it +defines <cmd> globally without checking whether <cmd> is already defined. +Without the optional argument, the most common use is for including verbatim +text in a "\marginpar", "\section" or other command argument. + + The optional argument can be used for special tricks. For example, all the +listings of commands in this documentation use "\vitem" in a "description" +environment, where "\vitem" is defined by:\footnote{The braces enclosing the +optional argument of "\SaveVerb" prevent the "]" inside the argument from +being mistaken for the end of the argument.} +\begin{LVerbatim} + \newcommand{\vitem}% + {\SaveVerb[{\item[\UseVerb{\MyTemp}]}]{\MyTemp}} +\end{LVerbatim} +Whereas +\begin{LVerbatim} + \item[\Verb"\foo"] +\end{LVerbatim} +would not work because after "\item" reads its argument it is too late to +interpret "\foo" literally, +\begin{LVerbatim} + \vitem"foo" +\end{LVerbatim} +does work because it is equivalent to +\begin{LVerbatim} + \SaveVerb{\MyTemp}"foo"\item[\UseVerb{\MyTemp}] +\end{LVerbatim} +\end{description} + + +These environments and commands use various parameters that make it easy to +customize their behavior. However, until you want to find the need for such +customization, you might as well ignore the rest of this section. + +Internally, "fancybox.sty" separates the reading and formatting of verbatim +text. Most of the environments and commands perform both functions, but +"SaveVerbatim" and "\SaveVerb" only read the text, while "UseVerbatim" (and +company) and "\UseVerb" only format the text. "VerbatimOut" gets special +treatment. The parameters that apply to each class of verbatim environment or +command is listed in Table \ref{verbtable}. + +\begin{table} +\begin{center} +\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{0} +\setlength{\tabcolsep}{7pt} +\newcommand{\vs}{& \\[\tabcolsep]} +\newcommand{\VS}{\\ \vs \hline \vs} +\begin{tabular}{|l|l|} +\hline \vs +{\em Where} & {\em What} +\\ \vs \hline +\hline \vs + \begin{Bflushleft} + Environments\\ + that format + \end{Bflushleft} +& + \begin{Bflushleft} + "\VerbatimSpace"\\ + "\VerbatimTab"\\ + "\VerbatimFont"\\ + "\VerbatimFuzz"\\ + "\EveryVerbatimLine"\\ + "\EveryVerbatim"\\ + "\ThisVerb" + \end{Bflushleft} +\VS + \begin{Bflushleft} + Environments\\ + that read + \end{Bflushleft} +& + \begin{Bflushleft} + "\EveryVerbatimCodes"\\ + "\ThisVerbCodes" + \end{Bflushleft} +\VS + \begin{Bflushleft} + "\Verb" and\\ + "\UseVerb" + \end{Bflushleft} +& + \begin{Bflushleft} + "\VerbSpace"\\ + "\VerbTab"\\ + "\VerbFont"\\ + "\EveryVerb"\\ + "\ThisVerb" + \end{Bflushleft} +\VS + \begin{Bflushleft} + "\Verb" and\\ + "\SaveVerb" + \end{Bflushleft} +& + \begin{Bflushleft} + "\EveryVerbCodes"\\ + "\ThisVerbCodes" + \end{Bflushleft} +\VS + \begin{Bflushleft} + "VerbatimOut" + \end{Bflushleft} +& + \begin{Bflushleft} + "\EveryVerbOutCodes"\\ + "\ThisVerbCodes"\\ + "\EveryVerbOutLine"\\ + "\ThisVerb" + \end{Bflushleft} +\\ \vs \hline +\end{tabular} +\caption{Parameters for the verbatim environments and +commands.\label{verbtable}} +\end{center} +\end{table} + +All the parameters, including "\VerbatimFuzz", are ordinary commands, and +should be changed with "\renewcommand". + +Here is a description of each of the parameters for environments that format +the verbatim text: +\begin{description} + \vitem"\VerbatimSpace" The insertion text for spaces. The default is "\ ", +which produces a blank space. Change it to "\ttspace" to get \ttspace. + \vitem"\VerbatimTab" The insertion text for tabs. The default is +\begin{LVerbatim} + \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ +\end{LVerbatim} + \vitem"\VerbatimFont" The font to use for verbatim text. The default is +"\tt" + \vitem"\VerbatimFuzz" This is the amount by which lines can be too long in a +"Verbatim" or "LVerbatim" environment before you get overfull "\hbox" +warnings. This threshold is usually .1pt, but the default definition of +"\VerbatimFuzz" is "2pt" because verbatim lines won't break and are therefore +often too long. + \vitem"\EveryVerbatimLine" This is inserted at the beginning of each line of +verbatim environments or verbatim files. By default it does nothing. I like to +indent each line in the verbatim environment in the input file by 2 spaces, so +I define +\begin{LVerbatim} + \renewcommand{\EveryVerbatimLine}[2]{} +\end{LVerbatim} +to eat those spaces. (But I have to remember to put in two spaces or space +markers for blank lines too.) You might also use it to number the lines. For +example: +\begin{example} + \newcounter{VerbLineNo} + \renewcommand{\EveryVerbatimLine}% + {\makebox[10pt][r]{% + \stepcounter{VerbLineNo}% + \tiny\rm\arabic{VerbLineNo}}% + \hspace{10pt}} + \renewcommand{\EveryVerbatim}% + {\setcounter{VerbLineNo}{0}} + \begin{SaveVerbatim}{\MyTemp} + \setlength{\fboxsep}{15pt} + \setlength{\mylength}{\linewidth} + \end{SaveVerbatim} + \fbox{\BUseVerbatim{\MyTemp}} +\end{example} + \vitem"\EveryVerbatim" Whatever else you want to say before formatting the +verbatim text. By default, it does nothing. + \vitem"\ThisVerb" This is executed before any of the commands above, and +then its value is cleared. Use this to customize a single verbatim formatting +environment. +\end{description} + +Here is a description of the parameters for environments that read the +verbatim text: +\begin{description} + \vitem"\EveryVerbatimCodes" This command is inserted just before reading the +verbatim text. Use it to play with "\catcode"'s (see the {\em \TeX book}). For +example, I might type +\begin{LVerbatim} + \renewcommand{\EveryVerbatimCodes}{\catcode`\"=14} +\end{LVerbatim} +if I want to use \Verb+"+ as a comment character in verbatim text.% +%% The use of SaveVerbatim and \SaveVerb is not necessary here because +%% \VerbatimFootnotes is in effect. This is just a test. +\begin{SaveVerbatim}{\MyTemp} + \def\MyQuote{"} % \MyQuote is now the character ", + \def\temp{\Verb"} % in case I need it. + \catcode`\"=13 % Now " is like a command. + \let"\temp % Now "foo" is like \Verb"foo" + \def\do{\noexpand\do\noexpand} % Now " can be used in verbatim + \edef\dospecials{\dospecials\do\"} % environments anyway. +\end{SaveVerbatim}\SaveVerb{\Foo}+"+\SaveVerb{\FFoo}+\Verb"foo"+% +\footnote{Here is another "\catcode" trick. We make \UseVerb{\Foo} a short +verbatim command, so that we can say \UseVerb{\Foo foo\Foo} instead of +\UseVerb{\FFoo}: +\LUseVerbatim{\MyTemp}} + \vitem"\ThisVerbCodes" This command is executed before "\EveryVerbCodes", +and then it is cleared. Use this to fool with the "\catcode"`s of a single +verbatim environment. +\end{description} + +The parameters for "\Verb", "\UseVerb" and "\SaveVerb" and the "VerbatimOut" +environment are analogous to the similar commands for other environments. + +Here is an example of the use of "\ThisVerb" to define a variant of "\Verb" +that uses \ttspace\ to mark spaces: +\begin{LVerbatim} + \newcommand{\SVerb}{% + \renewcommand{\ThisVerb}% + {\renewcommand{\VerbatimSpace}{\ttspace}}% + \Verb} +\end{LVerbatim} + +Finally, without further comment, here are the definitions of the "example" +and "example*" environments that were used for the examples in this document: +{\renewcommand{\EveryVerbatimLine}{}\LVerbatimInput{\jobname.ex1}} + + +\end{document} +%% END fancybox.doc |