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+ CUSTOM-BIB Package
+
+**** INFO ******
+(Work on version 4.x has been supported by the American Physical Society)
+
+Current version is 4.14
+*****************
+Changes: Fix a bug in inbook and incollection that suppressed chapter under
+ certain conditions
+ Add option to put a colon after article and/or book titles
+ Add option to format names as Jones, AB (the comma was
+ previously not possible)
+*****************
+
+This is the custom-bib package for generating customized BibTeX bibliography
+styles from a generic file by means of the docstrip program that is part of
+the LaTeX2e installation.
+
+****************************************************************************
+
+To use/install the package:
+
+0. (optional, for hackers) LaTeX makebst.dtx to get the documentation;
+ This also extracts makebst.ins from makebst.dtx, if it does not already
+ exist.
+1. Run TeX (or LaTeX) on makebst.ins (--> makebst.tex)
+2. Run TeX (or LaTeX) on makebst.tex to start customizing
+ your own .bst file. Select merlin as the master file (default) when
+ asked. (I have other master files for my own purposes.)
+3. Answer the questions that then arise; for merlin, you will also be asked
+ which language support file you want (default is merlin itself, meaning
+ English or the pseudo-language Babel). You will also be asked if you want
+ to add a file defining short-hand designations for various journals; such
+ files are included (physjour.mbs, geojour.mbs, photjour.mbs) for physics
+ geophysics, and optics journals, but you could create your own.
+4. The menus that appear may not be informative enough for you. More
+ information can be obtained by reading the documentation (on the options)
+ contained in the .mbs files themselves. This documentation can be printed
+ out by running LaTeX on the .mbs files.
+5. The makebst program only produces a docstrip batch job to generate the .bst
+ file. The last question it asks is whether that job should be run right
+ away. You can always run it again yourself by running TeX or LaTeX on
+ this .dbj file. (The .dbj file can also be manually edited if you want to
+ play around with the various options it includes.)
+
+****************************************************************************
+
+The package contains the following files:
+ merlin.mbs -- A master BibTeX style file for producing customized
+ styles (numerical or author-year) with docstrip. It is
+ self-documenting: simply latex it to produce its
+ description.
+
+ english.mbs -- A sample language support file for English, to act as a
+ model for hacking others.
+
+ catalan.mbs -- A language support file for Catalan
+ dansk.mbs -- A language support file for Danish
+ dutch.mbs -- A language support file for Dutch
+ esperant.mbs -- A language support file for Esperanto
+ finnish.mbs -- A language support file for Finnish
+ french.mbs -- A language support file for French
+ german.mbs -- A language support file for German
+ italian.mbs -- A language support file for Italian
+ norsk.mbs -- A language support file for Norwegian
+ polski.mbs -- A language support file for Polish
+ portuges.mbs -- A language support file for Portuguese
+ slovene.mbs -- A language support file for Slovene
+ spanish.mbs -- A language support file for Spanish
+(Further contributions and corrections are welcome)
+
+ physjour.mbs -- A support file to add the names of common Physics journals
+ in shorthand form, for example `pr' for Physical Review, or
+ Phys. Rev., depending on whether abbreviations are chosen.
+
+ photjour.mbs -- A contributed file containing names of optics journals
+
+ geojour.mbs -- A contributed file containing names of geophysics journals
+ suppjour.mbs -- A contributed file containing further journal names
+
+(Contributions for other fields are welcome)
+
+ shorthnd.ins -- (La)TeX this file to obtain shorthnd.tex, which when
+ LaTeX'ed lists all the shorthands and journal names
+
+The .mbs files can only be used effectively with the makebst `program', which
+is included in documented source form.
+
+ makebst.dtx -- the documented source file; LaTeXing this file produces
+ the manual and optionally a documentation of the coding.
+ Requires ltxdoc class from the LaTeX2e distribution.
+
+ This is version 4.0; necessary with merlin 4.00, but
+ works with older versions of merlin.
+
+ makebst.ins -- a docstrip batch job to extract from makebst.dtx the
+ program file makebst.tex. (This file is actually included
+ within makebst.dtx; it is extracted when the .dtx file is
+ processed under LaTeX2e.)
+
+****************************************************************************
+
+HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT:-
+Many authors are frustrated at the wide range of bibliographic styles demanded
+by journals and publishers, and at the limited number available with standard
+LaTeX and BibTeX. This is not the fault of the latter, but rather of the lack
+of any bibliographic standards in the English language. Often the differences
+are so trivial (comma or colon, date in brackets or parentheses). The normal
+user does not want to tackle the task of making up his own .bst file (no
+normal human would!)
+
+For this reason, I set out to produce a generic .bst file that could have
+features and options selected by means of the docstrip program.
+I found over 50 different *.bst files and compared their outputs just for
+article: they were all different. They served as part of my input as to which
+features were needed. I knew of a few extra that were not covered by these 50.
+
+I also discovered XBTXBST.DOC, a minor modification of Patashnik's BTXBST.DOC,
+as well as a file PHYSICS.BST, all of which are meant to do precisely what I
+had set up to accomplish. However, they make use of the C Preprocessor
+language. It is really a simple matter to convert the preprocessor commands
+into docstrip equivalents.
+
+Nevertheless, none of these really met all of my needs, so I continued to
+develop GENBST.mbs (GENeric-BibST.MasterBibSt). It soon became obvious that the
+sheer number of options necessary made any kind of customizing a difficult
+chore. Hence, the next step: the program MAKEBST takes menu information from
+the selected .mbs file and presents the user with descriptive choices as
+menus. From the answers, it writes a docstrip batch job (extension .dbj) which
+when TeX'ed, creates the desired .bst file out of the .mbs one. The .dbj file
+may even be hand edited if one wants to alter only one or two options.
+
+Since I first released this system in November 1993, I have received many
+suggestions and requests for additions. I have tried to incorporate as many as
+possible, but often the task is too complicated and I have to leave them out.
+
+The second version of GENBST.mbs allowed other languages to be used. However,
+since the method had considerable overhead per language, I was unsatified with
+it. A parallel version called BABEL.mbs (which was really GENBST.mbs version
+2) has been available for some time, supporting English, French, German, and
+Esperanto, as well as a generic language called Babel.
+
+I then modified MAKEBST to allow more than one .mbs file to be used as
+input for any given .bst output. This means that the language support can be
+contained in separate files, one per language, and does not need to burden the
+main file. The next issue of this main file, version 3, was renamed
+MERLIN.mbs, to emphasize its magical powers.
+
+Version 3 continued to grow as more suggestions and requests were
+contributed. Further language files were offered to me, as well as lists of
+prerecorded journal names. The number of options had grown to roughly 200,
+including the defaults.
+
+The American Physical Society then decided it would like a number of new
+features for its REVTeX package, mainly to support electronic publishing.
+David Carlisle, Mark Doyle, and Arthur Ogawa made up a variant on merlin.mbs
+for this purpose, which I then integrated into the "official" one. Thus was
+born version 4.00 of MERLIN.mbs.
+
+NOTE ON AUTHOR-YEAR CITATIONS:-
+Author-year style citations are not supported by standard LaTeX and BibTeX.
+However, there exist a large number of bib styles for this, all of which need
+some interface package to run properly. There are (at least) 7 different such
+interfaces, including the one I invented for the NATBIB package. If one
+selects author-year style, then one is asked which interface is to be
+used. (Incidentally NATBIB is capable of interpreting all of them.)
+
+LIST OF ALL OPTIONS IN THE DBJ FILE
+The makebst program writes to the .dbj file all the docstrip options that were
+offered in the interactive session with the unselected ones commented out.
+This makes editing afterwards much easier. Often one wants to experiment with
+some of these options, but only wants to run the makebst program once.
+
+This feature (suggested by Frank Mittelbach) is available when the
+makebst.tex file is extracted from makebst.dtx with the `optlist' option;
+without it, only the selected options are listed in the .dbj file.
+Edit the makebst.ins file accordingly; by default, this feature is included.
+
+With version 4, one may select a verbose listing during run time, writing
+more details into the .dbj file, including all possible options, even those
+not offered.
+
+ALLOW MULTIPLE INPUT .MBS FILES
+The .dbj file is so constructed that more than one input .mbs file may be
+read for a single output .bst file. The main .mbs file must have its menu
+coding arranged to take advantage of this, something that merlin.mbs does.
+(The older genbst.mbs and babel.mbs did not have this feature.)
+
+NEW FEATURES OF MERLIN.MBS since genbst.mbs 1.7 and babel 2.5
+Names formatting: can also have reversed full names, as Smith, John George
+ (previously reversed names could only be initials)
+ John George Smith
+ Smith, John George (v3.1)
+ J. G. Smith
+ Smith, J. G.
+ (AGU style: first name reversed, rest normal, all with initials)
+ (AGU style but with full names, not initials) (v3.82)
+ Smith, J G
+ Smith, JG (v3.1)
+ Smith J G (v3.2)
+
+Editors' names (in collections) for surname-first styles, may now be formatted
+ exactly as the authors'. (Previously these would never be reversed.)
+
+ Also possible to have
+ In: B. G. Jones, editor, Booktitle [default]
+ In: B. G. Jones, (editor), Booktitle
+ In: B. G. Jones, (editor) Booktitle
+ In: B. G. Jones (editor) Booktitle
+ In: Booktitle, edited by B. G. Jones
+ In: Booktitle (edited by B. G. Jones)
+ In: Booktitle, (edited by B. G. Jones)
+ In: Booktitle, editor B. G. Jones
+ In: Booktitle, (editor) B. G. Jones
+ In: Booktitle (editor B. G. Jones)
+ In: Booktitle, (editor B. G. Jones)
+ In: Booktitle, B. G. Jones, editor
+ In: Booktitle (B. G. Jones, editor)
+
+ISBN and ISSN numbers can optionally be included, if present in database
+
+Volume, number has more possibilities: for volume=34, number=2:
+ 34(2) 34 (2) 34, 2 34, no. 2 34, #2 34 34(1997)
+(Last example: the year in parentheses in place of the number)
+
+The following page number can be separated by colon, colon space,
+ semi-colon and space, comma and space, or space only
+
+Or even vol. 34 (1994) 2, pp. 234-254 (v3.81)
+
+Date: year coming just after authors may have colon and space following
+ date may appear as `1994 Jul', with or without a dot (v3.2)
+ date may be part of journal specification, something that is common
+ in medical journals (v3.2)
+
+Journal names: the periods in abbreviations may be removed, so Phys. Rev.
+ becomes Phys Rev (no change to database necessary)
+
+Author names in citations and list of references may be independently set
+ in italic, small caps, or bold. Optionally, first names can be in a
+ different font from the surnames.
+
+The mininum number of authors' names before et al. has been raised from
+ 6 to 99 (v3.87)
+
+The page numbers in edited works can have `pages' or `pp' suppressed (v3.2)
+
+It is possible to have the names sorted by ignoring the `von' part, so that
+ della Robbia comes after Rabin (v3.2)
+
+Publisher's address may come before name, as New York: New Press
+ (required by some psychology journals) (v3.3)
+
+Publisher's address may come before the chapter/page information (v3.81)
+
+Number/series can come just before publisher/organization (v3.88)
+
+URL support for online documents (v3.97)
+
+HTML output added, experimental (v3.88)
+
+Refinements added to version 3.3:
+ - the extra labels added to years (as 1995a) are grouped in braces
+ to avoid some problems with natbib when this extra label is more than
+ one letter
+
+ - when full author lists may be optional (for harvard and natbib formats)
+ they are no longer included if they are identical to the short
+ author list
+
+Refinements added to version 3.4:
+ - journals can have date between volume and pages, as
+ J. Geophys. Res. {\bf 34} (1994) 333-338
+ - author block can be terminated with colon
+ - if cited authors are in bold, italic, or small caps, then the word
+ `and' can be in the regular text font, not in the author font.
+
+Refinements added to version 3.5:
+ - Technical Reports can have titles treated like books (default=article)
+ - can sort by year then authors
+ - can include more than one file with prestored journal names
+ - bug fixed for limited number of authors: sort only on those present
+ - the `named' format for \bibitem now included.
+
+Refinements added to version 3.6:
+ - blocks can be separated by colons as well as commas or periods
+ - name of journal can be in normal font, not only italic
+ - pages in books may be in parentheses
+ - can have `number' as part of page specification: 34, (2)234-(2)254
+ - date may be bold
+ - if authors in list have special font, then `and' and/or `et al.'
+ may be normal font
+
+Refinements added to version 3.7:
+ - an option to allow authors to be separated by semi-colons instead of
+ by commas
+ - fix bug in the option that removes periods from journal names when
+ italicized
+
+Refinements added to version 3.8:
+ - fix a bug with titles in quotes
+ - an option allows ALPHA style citations, of the form ABD90. This
+ is essentially a numerical system with some text replacing the number.
+ - publishers and address can appear in parentheses
+ - punctuation between `blocks' can be suppressed, space only
+ - ordering reference list by year is possible for author-year as well as
+ numerical modes
+ - can put date between volume and number
+ - can add `pages' or `pp' to articles
+ - cited names in a special font can have the `and' in regular font:
+ previously this meant \rm, but now, with NFSS, only the one attribute is
+ reset; thus \textbf{\cite{james93}} yields
+ \textbf{\textsc{James {\upshape and} Johns}, [1993]}
+ so that `and' will be bold non-sc. (Actually, bold small caps does not
+ exist in the CM fonts, so a substitution will be made.)
+
+Refinements added to version 3.81:
+ - when used with natbib 6.3, the extra letters added to the dates in
+ author-year citations (Jones et al, 1994a) are suppressed in the reference
+ list when numerical citations are used instead. These letters are
+ superfluous in this case and so should not be present.
+ - For incollections, the word `in' can be left off.
+ - Publisher can be placed before chapter/page information
+ - dates can be followed by periods even when block punctuation is comma
+
+ - The .mbs files with prestored journal names have been rationalized, to
+ remove duplications (or shorthands) and to organize the journal types
+ better. Some journals were present several times under different
+ shorthands (Phys. Rev. is both pr and physrev); these multiple shorthands
+ have been retained for consistency. Duplications of journal AND shorthand
+ have been removed. One shorthand clash: jas was both Journal of Applied
+ Spectroscopy and Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; the former has been
+ altered to jasp.
+ - A file shorthnd.ins is included to assist listing the journal shorthands
+
+ - Option yr-com to allow comma before the date.
+ - Option pub-date to put publisher and date in parentheses (Nature style)
+ - Some internal improvements
+
+Refinements added to version 3.82:
+ - Page numbers can come at end before notes
+ - Fix up bug with quoted titles when title missing
+ - Fix up bug that left off extra date labels for plain dates with no brackets
+ or special punctuation
+ - Fix up bug that put punctuation before publishers in paretheses
+ - Add option to allow full names, with only first author reversed
+
+Refinements added to version 3.83:
+ - Edited works can be either Names (eds.), Booktitle
+ or Names, (eds.) Booktitle
+ Previously only the first version was possible. (There are several other
+ possibilities too.)
+ - If commas selected as punctuation between blocks, one can still have a
+ period coming before any file note.
+ - With repeated authors/editors for adjacent references, the repeated names
+ can be replaced by a long dash.
+ - \BIBand made robust, otherwise it does not really work.
+
+Refinements added to version 3.84:
+ - large page numbers can be separated by comma, space, period,
+ as 10,345. No provision for 7 digit numbers
+ - emphasis can also be underlining; bad policy, since underlining belongs
+ to the days of the typewriter, and in LaTeX, \underline command cannot
+ be broken across lines. Loading the ulem package by Donald Arseneau
+ solves this problem.
+ - titles can be in <<guillemots>> (best with T1 encoding, but poor man's
+ OT1 also provided; must have LaTeX2e)
+ - titles of proceedings and collections can be in quotes if article
+ titles in quotes
+ - can add year to journal volume in parentheses as vol(year) and still
+ format year for books differently.
+ - full natbib form of \bibitem resistent against square brackets in names
+ or date.
+
+Refinements added to version 3.85:
+ - add option to allow junior part of name of appear in citations
+ - options for specifying fonts for names: may apply only to the surnames
+ if wished, and not to the entire name. User-defined font commands
+ \bibnamefont, \bibfnamefont, and \citenamefont may be used too,
+ where the names are used as a single argument.
+
+Refinements added to version 3.86:
+ - suppress ISBN number for certain crossrefs
+ - fix bug with limited number of authors when mininum is 6
+ - add option for comma between year and pages
+ - restrict \natexlab to natbib styles
+
+Refinements added to version 3.87:
+ - Limited number of authors can be as many as 99 (previously 6)
+ - Add language field, to switch hyphenation patterns for titles
+ - Add url field for all entries
+ - Add annote field
+ - Months may be suppressed for numerical mode
+ - et~al. is no longer hardwired; dutch.mbs allows variations on et~al.
+
+Refinements added to version 3.88:
+ - Copyright notices conform to LaTeX Project Public Licence
+ - HTML coding can replace the LaTeX pre- and postamble and font commands;
+ intended for Web listings of complete databases; LaTeX special symbol
+ remain; works only if one selects numerical, not author-year citations.
+ - complex coding to convert edition numbers to (multilingual) text and vice
+ versa can be removed, saving considerable memory requirements and
+ possibly preventing memory overflow
+ - by default, number and series for inproceedings and incollection can only
+ be used as "Complete Works" (series only) or "Number 3 in Complete Works"
+ (number and series). With number only, a warning is issued. New option
+ allows number to be a document code number, like REP-01/1998-ab; without
+ series, this number is printed bare, without the word "Number", but if
+ both number and series are present, the default text "Number .. in .." is
+ reinstated.
+ - another option allows the number/series to be prepended to the publisher
+ and/or organization name.
+ - more options to format editors in inproceedings and incollection
+ - option to allow the total number of pages in books to be listed; for
+ this, the pages field must be given for the entry, a field that is
+ normally ignored for books.
+ - book titles may be set in upright typeface (default is italic)
+ - a slash may be used in place of comma or semi-colon between authors
+ - journal names may be preceded by `in' as for incollections
+
+Refinements added to version 3.89:
+ - for use with natbib 7.0:
+ when author/editor empty, the key field is used in place of author,
+ but what is new is the option that the year is then left blank
+ in the \bibitem entry. This allows natbib (7.0) to print only the
+ key without any year punctuation.
+ also optional, if the year itself is missing, it is left blank instead
+ of being set to ????.
+ - fix a bug that caused the citation font to be missing at times
+
+Refinements added to version 4.00:
+ - Entire code reorganized and rationalized (by Arthur Ogawa).
+ - For REVTeX, new fields collaboration, eid, eprint, archive, numpages
+ - Option for tagging all entries in the bibliography with \bibinfo marker.
+ Thus the pages might appear as \bibinfo{pages}{345--350} which prints
+ only the page numbers, but allows other programs to parse the entries.
+ (Contribution by David Carlisle.)
+ - For reversed author names, the junior part can appear either as
+ Smith, Jr., John (previously the only possibility) or
+ Smith, John, Jr.
+ (For some reason, the AGU options that reverse only the leading name in
+ an author list always used this latter form.)
+ - When surnames and first names are in different fonts, the junior part is
+ now in the same font as the first name. Previously, it varied.
+ - When abbreviated months or journal names are to be dotless, only the
+ dots are removed. Previously all non-alphanumeric characters were
+ removed, causing problems with accents in other languages.
+ - When author initials are to be dotless, the dot is also removed from
+ the junior part.
+ - Journal abbreviations in physjour.mbs may be those used in astronomy
+ journals, e.g. ApJ for Astrophysical Journal, (aka Astrophys. J.)
+
+Refinements added to version 4.01
+ - a bug with the bibinfo tag caused titles not be be case-changed; fixed
+ - technical report numbers were not tagged with bibinfo; fixed
+ - option added to let the word `in' be in italics.
+
+Refinements added to version 4.02
+ - some bugs fixed:
+ In: with articles no longer has comma added
+ bold dates work when date and publisher together
+ typo alfph removed
+
+Refinements added to version 4.03
+ - bug fixes
+ - add definition of \natexlab to aux file for harvard styles
+ - add option thtit-x to suppress thesis titles
+ - add option seq-yrr to order by descending years (latest first)
+ - Updates to french.mbs, dansk.mbs
+ - Fix misprint in physjour.mbs
+
+
+Refinements added to version 4.04:
+ - addition of slovene.mbs for Slovenian language.
+ - additional journal in geojour.mbs
+
+Refinement added to version 4.05:
+ - fix all language files for a bug in suppression of page numbers
+ - fix bug in merlin.mbs in inproceedings with pp-last plus dt-beg|dt-end
+
+Refinement added to version 4.06:
+ - options for doubled or trebled dashes for repeated authors
+
+Refinements added to version 4.10
+ - add doi and eid fields
+ Both of these are for electronic journals. The DOI number is a
+ universal reference to the electronic location, more robust than
+ URLs. Electronic journals do not have page numbers, and use a
+ sequence number (called here EID for electronic identifier) to find
+ the printed version. The doi field is optional, the eid will always
+ be included in the bst file. However, it is still optional within
+ any bib file. If present, it appears in place of the page number.
+
+Refinements added to version 4.11
+ - fix up doi output to be official style, no blank between doi: and number
+ - add options ser-vol and ser-ed
+
+Refinements added to version 4.12
+ - add plntx so bbl output will work with Plain TeX (and LaTeX 2.09)
+ (the option nfss must also NOT be given, else font commands are LaTeX2e)
+
+Bug fix version 4.12a
+ - merlin.mbs and all language files needed fixing because the comma between
+ options was inserted in the wrong place for external language files
+
+Refinements added to version 4.13
+ - fix a bug in inbook and incollection that suppressed chapter under
+ certain conditions
+ - add option to put a colon after article and/or book titles
+ - add option to format names as Jones, AB (the comma was
+ previously not possible)
+
+Refinements added to version 4.14
+ - add option to format names as Jones, A.B. (comma, no spaces in initials)
+ - add option to suppress comma before et al in reference list.
+
+October 17, 2005
+Patrick W. Daly
+Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Sonnensystemforschung
+D-37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
+E-mail: daly@mps.mpg.de