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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/base/cyrguide.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/base/cyrguide.tex deleted file mode 100644 index c1cbf10032a..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/base/cyrguide.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,398 +0,0 @@ -% \iffalse meta-comment -% -% Copyright 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 -% The LaTeX3 Project and any individual authors listed elsewhere -% in this file. -% -% This file is part of the LaTeX base system. -% ------------------------------------------- -% -% It may be distributed and/or modified under the -% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3 -% of this license or (at your option) any later version. -% The latest version of this license is in -% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt -% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX -% version 2003/12/01 or later. -% -% This file has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained". -% -% The list of all files belonging to the LaTeX base distribution is -% given in the file `manifest.txt'. See also `legal.txt' for additional -% information. -% -% The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution -% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with -% extension .ins) which are part of the distribution. -% -% \fi -\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01] - -\documentclass{ltxguide}[1999/02/28] - -\title{Cyrillic languages support in \LaTeX} - -\author{\copyright~Copyright 1998--1999,\\ Vladimir Volovich, - Werner Lemberg and \LaTeX3 Project Team.\\ All rights reserved.} - -\date{12 March 1999} - -\begin{document} - -\maketitle -\tableofcontents - -\begin{abstract} - This document contains basic information on the Cyrillic setup for - \LaTeX{}: how to get the fonts, how to set them up, how to use - the interface, its interaction with \babel{}, etc. This is only a first - draft of the document and it will probably be modified in future; so - please send in comments on it via the \texttt{latexbug} system - (see below). -\end{abstract} - - -\section{Introduction} - -Most Latin-based European languages were supported in \LaTeX{} by -introducing the~|T1|~font encoding and by using the \textsf{fontenc} -and \textsf{inputenc} packages; these use only standard \TeX{} means -to support any \mbox{8-bit} input encoding and this one standard font -encoding. The restriction to a single font encoding guarantees that -multiple languages can happily coexist in one document (\eg -hyphenation will be correct for all languages). - -Starting with the December~1998 Release, \LaTeX{} finally supports -Cyrillic languages. This support is based on the new standard -Cyrillic \TeX{} font encodings---|T2A|, |T2B|, |T2C|, and~|X2|. The -first three of these satisfy some basic requirements for -\LaTeX{}~|T*|~encodings, and thus can be used in multi-lingual documents -with other languages based on standard font encodings. - -The reason why we need four different Cyrillic font encodings is that -these font encodings support \emph{all} the Cyrillic languages that -have been used during the twentieth century (see -Section~\ref{fontencs})! The number of Cyrillic glyphs is large, so -they cannot be represented with 128~character slots; the other (lower) -128~slots are reserved for Latin letters and other invariant symbols -that are needed for the encoding to be a conformant -\LaTeX{}~\texttt{T}~encoding. - -There are some glyphs in the |T2*|~encodings which do not yet have -associated characters in \emph{Unicode}, the world-wide character -standard. Also, one more font encoding, |T2D|,~is planned for a -forthcoming release of \LaTeX{}. A lot of Cyrillic input encodings -are already supported (see Section~\ref{inputencs}), and additional -encodings could be added easily. - - -\subsection{Acknowledgments} -\label{sec:acks} - -The work on |T2*|~encodings was carried out by the T2~Team, led by -Alexander Berdnikov (other members are Mikhail Kolodin and Andrew -Janishewskii). The LH~fonts were produced by Olga Lapko (with -A.~Khodulev). The \textsf{T2} bundle and \textsf{ruhyphen} package -were written by Werner Lemberg and Vladimir Volovich (except that the -concrete hyphenation patterns which are part of \textsf{ruhyphen} came -from individual authors). The support for the Ukrainian language was -prepared by Andrij Shvaika. - - -\section{Installation} - -The \textsf{fontenc} and \textsf{inputenc} packages are installed -automatically in every base \LaTeX{} distribution. - -All the necessary extra files to use with these packages for Cyrillic -are in the \textsf{cyrillic} bundle, which at present contains the -following: four font encoding definition files (|t2aenc.def|, -|t2benc.def|, |t2cenc.def|, |x2enc.def|); several input encoding -definition files (all the other |*.def| files), and font definition -files (|*.fd|). -The installation of these is described here. - -\subsection{Fonts} - -The default font families in \LaTeX{} are the Computer Modern -families, namely the CM~fonts (|OT1|~encoded) and the EC~fonts -(|T1|~encoded). The LH~fonts, which are now available, provide -Computer Modern fonts for all Cyrillic font encodings. They are -designed to be compatible with the EC~fonts, and they provide the same -font shapes and sizes; they are available at |CTAN:fonts/cyrillic/lh| -(the latest version is 3.20). The installation instructions for the -fonts are in the file |INSTALL| in the font distribution. - -Other fonts, including Type~1 fonts, can also be used, provided that -their encoding (for \TeX{}) is \mbox{|T2|-compatible}. Some -ready-to-use packages supporting such fonts are also available, \eg at -\URL{ftp://ftp.vsu.ru/pub/tex} (they should soon be on \ctan). Currently, -you will find two packages there: \textsf{PsCyr}, which contains some -freely distributable Cyrillic Type~1 fonts with support for \LaTeX{}; -and \textsf{c1fonts}, which contains virtual fonts similar to the -\textsf{AE}~fonts package using the BlueSky and BaKoMa fonts -available from \ctan{} (see the |README| file in that package for -detailed information). Further font packages are expected soon. - -\subsection{Hyphenation patterns} - -You can find a collection of hyphenation patterns for the Russian -language in the \textsf{ruhyphen} package at -|CTAN:language/hyphenation/ruhyphen|. These patterns support the -|T2*|~encodings, as well as other popular font encodings used for -Russian typesetting (including the Omega internal encoding). -Patterns for other Cyrillic languages should be adapted to work with -the |T2*|~encodings. - -\subsection{\babel{} support for Russian and Ukrainian} -\label{bblrus} - -Version~3.6k of \babel{} includes support for the |T2*|~encodings and -for typesetting both Russian and Ukrainian texts using the Cyrillic -letters. The temporary fontencoding |LWN|, which was used in earlier -releases of \babel{}, will be withdrawn in the near future and replaced -by the |OT2| encoding. - -\subsection{Getting pre-built packages} - -Many of the major \TeX{} distributions, such as te\TeX{}, fp\TeX{} and -\TeX{}live, contain (or soon will) everything that is needed, -including the LH~fonts, \textsf{ruhyphen} and the latest version of -\babel{}. We hope that all \TeX{} distributions will soon include all -of these, so that the chances are that you will not need to install -this by yourself (but it is not difficult). - -If you are using em\TeX, Mik\TeX, or fp\TeX, you -can download the \textsf{ruemtex} package from -\URL{ftp://ftp.vsu.ru/pub/tex}. - -\section{Usage} - -Support for Cyrillic is based on these standard \LaTeX{} mechanisms: -the \textsf{fontenc} and \textsf{inputenc} packages (and on \babel{}). -Thus the basic principles for its use are similar to those for other -European languages: you simply add, to your document preamble, lines -like the following. - -\begin{verbatim} -\usepackage[T2A]{fontenc} -\usepackage[koi8-r]{inputenc} -\end{verbatim} - -Here you can put any desired input encoding instead of -\mbox{\texttt{koi8-r}}: for example, it would be \texttt{cp866} if you are -using a MS-DOS text editor with this Cyrillic code page to prepare your -documents, or \texttt{cp1251} if you are a MS~Windows user with Cyrillic -support. A full list of the available Cyrillic encodings can be found in -Section~\ref{inputencs} and in the file |cyinpenc.dtx|. - -Documents are, naturally, not restricted to a single font encoding; -this is essential for multi-lingual journals or documents. Such -changes can be made by using the |\fontencoding| command as part of a -font-change. However, it is best to access these font encodings via a -higher-level interface. - -Since such changes are often closely related to other -language-dependent settings, it is often sensible to use the \babel{} -system, which provides further useful `localisation' and standardised -multi-lingual interfaces (for further details, see -Section~\ref{bblrus}). Then you can use lines like the following in -your document: - -\begin{verbatim} -\usepackage[koi8-r]{inputenc} -\usepackage[russian]{babel} -\end{verbatim} - -This will automatically choose the default font encoding for Russian, -which is |T2A|, if available. Documentation of the complete set of -font-encoding selection rules can be found in |cyrillic.dtx| which is -part of |rusbabel|. - -These \LaTeX{} interfaces are very convenient because they make your -documents completely portable, being based solely on standard \TeX{} -features. This will mean that your documents can be processed on any -\TeX{} system without any need for re-encoding to the `native' -encoding used on each platform; this is because the encoding of the -document is specified in the document itself. - -Moreover, if necessary, more than one input encoding can be used -within a document; this could be useful if, for example, you need to -combine articles prepared by authors on different machines. Each part -of the document is then identified by a |\inputencoding| command, -which can therefore only be used between paragraphs. - -Please note that you must always use the two standard \LaTeX{} -commands, |\MakeUppercase| and |\MakeLowercase| to produce uppercase -or lowercase text in your documents. This is because |\uppercase| and -|\lowercase| will not work at all for Cyrillic (note that these latter -two commands are not, and never have been, available for use directly -in \LaTeX{} documents). - - -\section{Font encodings for Cyrillic languages} -\label{fontencs} - -The Cyrillic font encodings support the following languages. Note -that some languages can be properly typeset with more than one -encoding. - -\begin{itemize} -\raggedright -\item[|T2A|:] - Abaza, Avar, Agul, Adyghei, Azerbaijani, Altai, Balkar, Bashkir, - Bulgarian, Buryat, Byelorussian, Gagauz, Dargin, Dungan, Ingush, - Kabardino-Cherkess, Kazakh, Kalmyk, Karakalpak, Karachaevskii, - Karelian, Kirghiz, Komi-Zyrian, Komi-Permyak, Kumyk, Lak, Lezghin, - Macedonian, Mari-Mountain, Mari-Valley, Moldavian, Mongolian, - Mordvin-Moksha, Mordvin-Erzya, Nogai, Oroch, Osetin, Russian, Rutul, - Serbian, Tabasaran, Tadzhik, Tatar, Tati, Teleut, Tofalar, Tuva, - Turkmen, Udmurt, Uzbek, Ukrainian, Hanty-Obskii, Hanty-Surgut, - Gipsi, Chechen, Chuvash, Crimean-Tatar. -\item[|T2B|:] - Abaza, Avar, Agul, Adyghei, Aleut, Altai, Balkar, Byelorussian, - Bulgarian, Buryat, Gagauz, Dargin, Dolgan, Dungan, Ingush, Itelmen, - Kabardino-Cherkess, Kalmyk, Karakalpak, Karachaevskii, Karelian, - Ketskii, Kirghiz, Komi-Zyrian, Komi-Permyak, Koryak, Kumyk, Kurdian, - Lak, Lezghin, Mansi, Mari-Valley, Moldavian, Mongolian, - Mordvin-Moksha, Mordvin-Erzya, Nanai, Nganasan, Negidal, Nenets, - Nivh, Nogai, Oroch, Russian, Rutul, Selkup, Tabasaran, Tadzhik, - Tatar, Tati, Teleut, Tofalar, Tuva, Turkmen, Udyghei, Uigur, Ulch, - Khakass, Hanty-Vahovskii, Hanty-Kazymskii, Hanty-Obskii, - Hanty-Surgut, Hanty-Shurysharskii, Gipsi, Chechen, Chukcha, Shor, - Evenk, Even, Enets, Eskimo, Yukagir, Crimean Tatar, Yakut. -\item[|T2C|:] - Abkhazian, Bulgarian, Gagauz, Karelian, Komi-Zyrian, Komi-Permyak, - Kumyk, Mansi, Moldavian, Mordvin-Moksha, Mordvin-Erzya, Nanai, - Orok (Uilta), Negidal, Nogai, Oroch, Russian, Saam, Old-Bulgarian, - Old-Russian, Tati, Teleut, Hanty-Obskii, Hanty-Surgut, Evenk, - Crimean Tatar. -\end{itemize} - -The |X2|~encoding was designed to support all the above languages. -Its name does not start with |T| because, for example, it contains no -Latin letters (it is purely a Cyrillic glyph container); it therefore -cannot be used in mixed-script documents along with the other |T*| -encodings. Please consult Section~6.4 \textit{Naming conventions} of -the file |fntguide.tex| in the base \LaTeX{} distribution for details -of the differences between \LaTeX{} font encodings and how they are -named. - -There are two other \LaTeX{} Cyrillic font encodings, |OT2| and |LCY|, -that are not included in the base \LaTeX{} distribution. The first is -a \mbox{7-bit} encoding (hence the |O|) developed by the AMS; it is -useful for typesetting relatively small fragments of text in Cyrillic, -using a Latin transliteration scheme. The other, |LCY|, is an -\mbox{8-bit} Cyrillic encoding which is not compatible with the -requirements for \LaTeX{} |T*|~encodings (hence the |L|); thus it is not -suitable for typesetting multi-lingual documents, but it can be used in -Plain \TeX{}-based macro packages because it is an extension of |OT1|. -These two encodings are supported by \babel{} and by \textsf{ot2cyr}. - - -\section{Input encodings} -\label{inputencs} - -Several Cyrillic code-pages are widely used. Currently, \LaTeX{} -contains support for 20~Cyrillic input encodings (some of which are -variants of each other). - -\begin{itemize} - -\item |cp855| --- the standard \mbox{MS-DOS} Cyrillic code-page. - -\item |cp866| --- the standard \mbox{MS-DOS} Russian code-page. - Several code-pages very similar to this are also supported - (the differences are all in the range 242--254). - \begin{itemize} - \item |cp866av| -- the `Cyrillic Alternative' code-page (an - alternative variant of cp866); - \item |cp866mav| -- the `Modified Alternative Variant'; - \item |cp866nav| -- the `New Alternative Variant'; - \item |cp866tat| -- an experimental Tatarian code-page. - \end{itemize} - -\item |cp1251| --- the standard MS Windows Cyrillic code-page. - -\item \mbox{\texttt{koi8-r}} --- a standard Cyrillic code-page widely - used in UNIX-like systems for Russian language support that is - specified in RFC~1489. The situation with \mbox{\texttt{koi8-r}} is - somewhat similar to that for |cp866|: there are several similar - code-pages which coincide for all Russian letters but add some other - Cyrillic letters. The following are supported: - \begin{itemize} - \item \mbox{\texttt{koi8-u}} -- for Ukrainian; - \item \mbox{\texttt{koi8-ru}} -- this is described in a draft RFC - document specifying a widely used character set for mail and news - exchange in the Ukrainian internet community, as well as for - presenting WWW information resources in the Ukrainian language; - \item |isoir111| -- the \mbox{ISO-IR-111 ECMA} Cyrillic Code Page. - \end{itemize} - -\item |iso88595| --- the \mbox{ISO 8859-5} Cyrillic code-page (also called - \mbox{ISO-IR-144}). - -\item |maccyr| --- the Apple Macintosh Cyrillic code-page (also known - as Microsoft cp10007) and |macukr|, the Apple Macintosh Ukrainian - code-page, very similar to the Cyrillic code-page. - -\item The Mongolian code-pages: |ctt| |dbk| |mnk| |mos| |ncc| |mls|. - These code-pages were taken from Oliver Corff's `Mon\TeX' package - (available at |CTAN:language/mongolian/montex|). Since the |T2*| - encodings support the Mongolian Cyrillic script, it is convenient to - have support for Mongolian input encodings as well. Pointers to - documentation for these code-pages will be much appreciated. - -\end{itemize} - - -\section{Reporting bugs} - -In case you find a bug and want to report it, please follow the -guidelines given in the file |bugs.txt| in the base \LaTeX{} -distributions. Note that there is a category specifically for -reporting any bugs that occur only when using Cyrillic fonts or -support packages. - - -\section{Miscellanea in the \textsf{T2} bundle} -\label{t2m} - -The \textsf{T2}~bundle at |CTAN:macros/latex/contrib/supported/t2| -contains some other useful files, including support for Plain -\TeX{}-based macro packages, support for Bib\TeX{} and MakeIndex (see -also the \textsf{xindy} program and package---highly recommended for -making indices with Cyrillic), support for the \textsf{fontinst} -package, mapping tables relating these Cyrillic font encodings (and -input encodings) to the Unicode character names and slots (these are -in the subdirectory |enc-maps|), and more! - -To produce documented source listings of the \textsf{T2}~package, run -\LaTeX{} on the |*.dtx| and |*.fdd| files therein. - -When typesetting Cyrillic texts, there is a tradition of using -Cyrillic letters (in some situations) within math formul\ae, in -exactly the same way as most of the world uses Latin letters. -By default this does not work, because symbols declared with -|\DeclareTextSymbol| may not be used in math. - -If you need within math to `transparently' typeset glyphs declared in -font encoding definition files, then you could try using the -experimental \textsf{mathtext} package, which is also in the -\textsf{T2}~bundle. Note that this package uses up at least one -additional math alphabet per font encoding. For this and other -reasons, The \LaTeX3 Project Team considers that this experimental -extension to \LaTeX{}'s glyph-handling mechanisms should be used with -caution; but please try it out and send us your opinions and ideas. -Note that it is not included in the core of \LaTeX{} because both the -coding and the interfaces are likely to change at some point in the -future. - -Finally, here are some pointers to further information: - -\begin{quote} - \URL{http://www.cemi.rssi.ru/cyrtug}\\ - \URL{http://xtalk.price.ru/tex} -\end{quote} - -\end{document} |