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+%%
+%% This is file `aasguide.tex',
+%% generated with the docstrip utility.
+%%
+%% The original source files were:
+%%
+%% aasclass.dtx (with options: `guide')
+%%
+%% This is a generated file;
+%% altering it directly is inadvisable;
+%% instead, modify the original source file.
+%%
+%% Copyright notice.
+%%
+%% These files are distributed
+%% WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+%% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+%%
+%% \CharacterTable
+%% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
+%% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
+%% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
+%% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \#
+%% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \&
+%% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \)
+%% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \,
+%% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/
+%% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \<
+%% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \?
+%% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\
+%% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_
+%% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \|
+%% Right brace \} Tilde \~}%
+%%% @LaTeX-file{
+%%% filename = "aastex.dtx",
+%%% version = "5.2",
+%%% date = "2005/06/22",
+%%% time = "16:23:00 GMT",
+%%% checksum = "5964",
+%%% author = "Arthur Ogawa (mailto:ogawa@teleport.com)",
+%%% revised by = "SR Nova Private Ltd."
+%%% copyright = "Copyright (C) 2003 American Astronomical Society
+%%%
+%%% This work may be distributed and/or modified under the
+%%% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
+%%% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
+%%% The latest version of this license is in
+%%% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+%%% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+%%% version 2003/12/01 or later.
+%%%
+%%% This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
+%%%
+%%% The Current Maintainer of this work is the American Astronomical Society.
+%%%
+%%% This work consists of all files listed in the document README.
+%%%
+%%% address = "American Astronomical Society
+%%% USA",
+%%% telephone = "+1 ???",
+%%% FAX = "",
+%%% email = "aastex-help@aas.org",
+%%% codetable = "ISO/ASCII",
+%%% keywords = "latex, AAS, journal",
+%%% supported = "yes",
+%%% abstract = "formatter for AAS journal submissions",
+%%% docstring = "The checksum field above generated by ltxdoc",
+%%% }
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]%
+\ProvidesFile{aasguide.tex}%
+ [2005/06/22 5.2/AAS markup document class]%
+\documentclass[preprint2]{aastex}%
+\makeindex
+\hyphenation{com-pu-scripts}
+\newcommand\aastex{AAS\TeX}%
+\newcommand\aastexhome{http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/AAS/AASTeX}%
+\makeatletter
+\renewenvironment{theindex}
+ {\if@twocolumn
+ \@restonecolfalse
+ \else
+ \@restonecoltrue
+ \fi
+ \columnseprule \z@
+ \columnsep 35\p@
+ \twocolumn[\section{\indexname}]%
+ \thispagestyle{plain}\parindent\z@
+ \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
+ \let\item\@idxitem}
+ {\if@restonecol\onecolumn\else\clearpage\fi}
+\makeatother
+\makeatletter % This code stolen from ltxguide.cls:
+
+\let\o@verbatim\verbatim
+\def\verbatim{%
+ \ifhmode\unskip\par\fi
+ \ifx\@currsize\normalsize
+ \small
+ \fi
+ \o@verbatim
+}
+
+\renewcommand \verbatim@font {%
+ \normalfont \ttfamily
+ \catcode`\<=\active
+ \catcode`\>=\active
+}
+
+\RequirePackage{shortvrb}
+\MakeShortVerb{\|}
+
+
+\begingroup
+ \catcode`\<=\active
+ \catcode`\>=\active
+ \gdef<{\@ifnextchar<\@lt\@meta}
+ \gdef>{\@ifnextchar>\@gt\@gtr@err}
+ \gdef\@meta#1>{\m{#1}}
+ \gdef\@lt<{\char`\<}
+ \gdef\@gt>{\char`\>}
+\endgroup
+\def\@gtr@err{%
+ \ClassError{ltxguide}{%
+ Isolated \protect>%
+ }{%
+ In this document class, \protect<...\protect>
+ is used to indicate a parameter.\MessageBreak
+ I've just found a \protect> on its own.
+ Perhaps you meant to type \protect>\protect>?
+ }%
+}
+\def\verbatim@nolig@list{\do\`\do\,\do\'\do\-}
+
+
+\newcommand{\m}[1]{\mbox{$\langle$\it #1\/$\rangle$}}
+\renewcommand{\arg}[1]{{\tt\string{}\m{#1}{\tt\string}}}
+\newcommand{\oarg}[1]{{\tt[%]
+}\m{#1}{\tt%[
+]}}
+\def\cmd#1{\cs{\expandafter\cmd@to@cs\string#1}}
+\def\cmd@to@cs#1#2{\char\number`#2\relax}
+\DeclareRobustCommand\cs[1]{\texttt{\char`\\#1}}
+\newcommand*{\file}[1]{\texttt{#1}}%
+
+ % end of code stolen from ltxguide.cls. Thanks, Alan.
+
+ % code stolen from doc.dtx:
+\def\GetFileInfo#1{%
+ \def\filename{#1}%
+ \def\@tempb##1 ##2 ##3\relax##4\relax{%
+ \def\filedate{##1}%
+ \def\fileversion{##2}%
+ \def\fileinfo{##3}}%
+ \edef\@tempa{\csname ver@#1\endcsname}%
+ \expandafter\@tempb\@tempa\relax? ? \relax\relax}
+
+ % end of code stolen from doc.dtx. Thanks FMi.
+\makeatother
+\title{%
+ The \aastex\ \LaTeXe\ Macros\\for Manuscript Preparation
+}%
+
+
+
+
+\expandafter\GetFileInfo\expandafter{\jobname.tex}%
+
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\maketitle
+\tableofcontents
+\section{Introduction}
+
+The American Astronomical Society (AAS) has developed a markup package to assist authors in preparing manuscripts intended for submission to AAS-affiliated journals, as well as to other journals that will accept \aastex\ manuscripts.
+
+The most important aspect of the \aastex\
+package is that it defines the set of commands, or markup,
+that can be used to identify the structural elements of papers.
+When articles are marked up using this set of standard commands,
+they may then be submitted electronically to the editorial
+offices and fed into the electronic production of the journals.
+
+This guide contains basic instructions for creating
+manuscripts using the \aastex\ markup package.
+Authors are expected to be familiar with the editorial
+requirements of the journals so that they can make
+appropriate submissions; they should also have a basic
+knowledge of \LaTeX---for instance, knowing
+how to set up equations using \LaTeX\ commands.
+A number of useful publications about \LaTeX\ (and \TeX) are listed in
+the reference section of this guide.
+
+{\em Authors who wish to submit papers electronically to the ApJ, AJ, or PASP are strongly encouraged use the \aastex\ markup package as described in this guide.}
+
+
+\section{\aastex\ Article Markup}
+
+This section describes the commands in the \aastex\
+package that an author might enter in a manuscript that is being
+prepared for electronic submission to one of the journals.
+The commands will be described in roughly the same order as they
+would appear in a manuscript.
+The reader will also find it helpful to examine the
+sample files that are distributed with the package and to consult the
+information available on the AASTeX Web site located at \aastexhome.
+Authors are also reminded to review the instructions to authors and electronic
+submissions guidelines for the specific journals to which they submit
+their papers.
+
+\subsection{Preamble}\label{sec-preamble}
+
+In \LaTeX\ manuscripts, the preamble is that portion of the file before
+the \verb"\begin{document}" command.
+
+\subsubsection{Getting Started}
+
+The first piece of markup in the manuscript declares the
+overall style of the document. Any commands that appear before this
+markup will be ignored.
+\begin{quote}\index{documentclass@\verb`\documentclass`}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentclass{aastex}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+This specifies the document class as \texttt{aastex} with the
+default style (|manuscript|).
+The paper copy produced by this style file will be double spaced.
+Any tables included in the main body of the manuscript will also be
+double spaced.
+
+Other substyles are available. They are discussed in \S~\ref{styles}.
+
+\subsubsection{Defining New Commands}
+
+\aastex\ allows authors to define their own commands with
+\LaTeX's \verb"\newcommand".
+(Authors should not use the plain \TeX\ \verb"\def" command in
+AAS journal submissions.)
+Authors' \verb"\newcommand" definitions must be placed in the
+document preamble.
+
+In general, author-defined commands that are
+abbreviations or shorthands, for instance,
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\newcommand{\lte}{local thermodynamic
+equilibrium}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+, are acceptable and can be easily handled
+by journal offices and publishers during data conversion.
+However, abbreviations that attempt to define new symbols by using
+\LaTeX\ commands for repositioning text tend to
+cause problems in the publication process and should be avoided.
+
+In particular, author-defined commands that use any of the commands
+listed below are apt to cause problems during data conversion.
+\begin{quote}
+\verb"\hskip", \verb"\vskip",
+\verb"\raise", \verb"\raisebox",
+\verb"\lower", \verb"\rlap",
+\verb"\kern", \verb"\lineskip",
+\verb"\char", \verb"\mathchar",
+\verb"\mathcode", \verb"\buildref",
+\verb"\mathrel", \verb"\baselineskip"
+\end{quote}
+Consequently, authors are strongly discouraged from
+using them.
+
+Extra symbols are defined for \aastex,
+some specifically for an astronomical context, others more
+broadly used in math and physics.
+In particular, the AMS has additional symbol fonts that are
+available in a standard \LaTeX\ package (\verb"amssymb").
+All of these symbols are depicted in the additional symbosl tables
+supplied with the package and on the \aastex\ Web site.
+
+Before defining a new symbol command,
+authors are advised to consult these tables to see whether the
+symbol they need already exists. If it does, they should use the
+corresponding markup command.
+Authors should \emph{not} redefine existing command names.
+When one of these commands is encountered in an electronic
+manuscript submitted to a journal, an author's redefinition will
+be ignored and the originally-defined command used.
+
+\subsubsection{Editorial Information}
+
+A number of markup commands are available for
+editorial office use in recording the publication history
+for each manuscript.
+These commands should be used by
+the editorial and production offices only.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\received{<receipt date>}
+\revised{<revision date>}
+\accepted{<acceptance date>}
+
+\ccc{<code>}
+\cpright{<type>}{<year>}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+
+Copyright information should be specified with the commands \verb"\cpright"\
+and \verb"\ccc". The type of copyright and the corresponding year
+are given in \verb"\cpright". Valid copyright types are as follows.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{tabular}{l@{\quad}p{1.8in}}
+\tt AAS & Copyright has been assigned to the AAS\\
+\tt ASP & Copyright has been assigned to the ASP\\
+\tt PD & The article is in the public domain\\
+\tt none & No copyright is claimed for the article
+\end{tabular}
+\end{quote}
+The copyright type is case sensitive, so the type string must be
+entered exactly as given above.
+
+The Copyright Clearing Center code may be given in the \verb"\ccc"\
+command. The code is taken as regular text, so any special characters,
+notably ``\$,'' must be escaped as appropriate.
+
+\subsubsection{Short Comment on Title Page}
+
+Authors who wish to include a short remark on the title page,
+such as the name and date of the journal to which an article
+has been submitted, may do so with the following command.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\slugcomment{<text>}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+In the
+\texttt{manuscript} style,
+these comments appear on the title page after the title and authors;
+in the
+\texttt{preprint} style,
+they are placed at the upper right corner
+of the title page.
+
+\subsubsection{Running Heads}\label{shorthead}
+
+Authors are invited to supply running head information using the
+following commands.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\shorttitle{<text>}
+\shortauthors{<text>}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+Two different kinds of data are generally supplied in running heads.
+The left head contains an author list, (last
+names, possibly truncated as ``et al.''), while the right head
+is an abbreviated form of the paper title. This running head
+information will not appear on the \LaTeX-printed page but will be
+passed through to copy editing staff
+for inclusion in the published version.
+
+Editors and publishers impose varying requirements
+on the brevity of these data. A good rule of thumb is to limit the list
+of authors to three or else use ``et al.,'' and to limit the
+short form of the title to 40--45 characters.
+The editors may choose to modify the author-supplied
+running heads.
+
+\subsection{Starting the Main Body}
+
+The preamble is a control section.
+None of the markup that appears in the preamble
+actually typesets anything. The author must include a
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+command to identify the beginning of the main, typeset
+portion of the manuscript.
+
+\subsection{Title and Author Information}
+
+Authors should use the
+\verb"\title"\
+ and \verb"\author"\ commands to specify title
+and author information and the \verb"\affil" command
+to indicate the author's primary affiliation.
+Each \verb"\author"\
+ command
+should be followed by a corresponding \verb"\affil"\
+and optional \verb"\email"\ command.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\title{<text>}
+\author{<name(s)>}
+\affil{<affiliation>}
+\affil{<address>}
+\email{<e-mail address>}
+\and
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+ Line breaks may be inserted in the title
+with the \verb"\\" command. (Long titles will
+be broken automatically, so the \verb"\\" markup is not required.)
+If the title is explicitly broken over several lines, the
+preferred style for titles in AAS and ASP journals is the so-called
+``inverted pyramid'' style. In this style, the longest line
+is the first (or top) line, and each succeeding line is shorter.
+The text of the title should be entered in mixed case;
+it will be printed in upper case or mixed case according to
+the style of the publication.
+Footnotes are permissible in titles. Be careful to ensure that
+alternate affiliations (see below) are properly numbered if a
+footnote to the title is specified.
+
+Authors' names should be entered in mixed case.
+Names that appear together in the author list for authors who
+have the same primary affiliation should be specified in a single
+\verb"\author"\ command.
+Each author group should be followed by
+an \verb"\affil"\ command giving the principle
+affiliation of those authors. Physical and postal address information
+for the specified institution may be included with \verb"\affil".
+The address can be broken over several lines using the
+\verb"\\" command to indicate
+the line breaks.
+Usually, however, postal information will fit on one line.
+When there is more than one \verb"\author"\ command, the final
+one should be preceded by the \verb"\and"\ command.
+
+Authors often have affiliations in addition to their principle employer.
+These alternate affiliations may be specified with the \verb"\altaffilmark"\
+ and \verb"\altaffiltext"\
+ commands.
+These behave like the \verb"\footnotemark"\
+and |\footnotetext| commands of \LaTeX\ except that they do not take
+optional arguments. \verb"\altaffilmark"\
+ is appended to authors' names in the \verb"\author"\
+ list and generates superscript identification numbers.
+The text for the individual alternate affiliations is generated by the
+\verb"\altaffiltext"\
+ command.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\altaffilmark{<key number(s)>}
+\altaffiltext{<numerical key>}{<text>}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+It is up to the author to make sure that
+ each \m{key number} in his or her \verb"\altaffilmark"\
+ matches the \m{numerical key} for
+the corresponding \verb"\altaffiltext".
+
+When there is a lengthy author list, all author names may be
+specified in a single \verb"\author"\
+ command with affiliations
+specified using the \verb"\altaffilmark"\ me\-chan\-ism.
+In these cases, no \verb"\affil"\
+ commands are used, and in print, the
+affiliations would all be listed in a footnote block at the bottom
+of the title page.
+
+\subsection{Abstract}
+
+A paper's abstract should be marked with the
+\texttt{abstract} environment.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{abstract}
+<abstract text>
+\end{abstract}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+
+If an author is using the \texttt{preprint2} style, and the abstract is too long to fit on the title page, the \texttt{longabstract} option may be used in the \texttt{documentclass} to break the abstract to a new page.
+
+\noindent
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentclass[preprint2,longabstract]{aastex}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\noindent Note that authors should use the \texttt{longabstract} option only in \texttt{preprint2} mode and only when the abstract is too long to fit on the title page.
+
+\subsection{Keywords}
+
+Keywords, or subject headings, are accommodated
+as a single piece of text.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\keywords{<text>}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+If authors supply keywords, they must be delimited by whatever
+punctuation is required by the journal.
+They should be specified in alphabetical order.
+The \verb"\keywords"\
+ command will print the proper leading text---``Keywords:,'' ``Subject headings:,'' etc.---according to journal style.
+
+\subsection{Comments to Editors}
+
+Authors may make notes or comments to the copy editor with the
+\verb`\notetoeditor` command.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\notetoeditor{<text>}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+This command behaves like a
+footnote. Output to the printed page is produced only in the
+\texttt{manuscript} style.
+
+\subsection{Sections}
+
+\aastex\ supports four levels of section headings.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\section{<heading>}
+\subsection{<heading>}
+\subsubsection{<heading>}
+\paragraph{<heading>}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+Section headings should be given in upper case or mixed case, depending
+on the style of the journal.
+Note that these commands delimit sections by marking the
+\emph{beginning} of each section;
+there are no separate commands to mark the ends.
+
+\subsection{Figure and Table Placement} \label{place}
+
+When preparing a manuscript for submission to an AAS journal, figures and tables do not generally need to be ``placed'' in the text of the
+document where an author would like them to appear but
+rather may simply follow the main body of the text.
+However, authors may indicate to the editors the preferred placement of
+these items by use of the \verb"\place*" commands.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\placetable{<key>}
+\placefigure{<key>}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+The \verb"\place*{"\m{key}\verb"}" commands are similar to the
+\verb"\ref"
+ command in La\TeX\
+and require corresponding \verb"\label"\
+ commands to link them to the
+proper elements.
+
+When used in the
+\texttt{manuscript} style, the \verb"\place*"\ commands will print a short
+message to the editor about figure or table placement.
+In the other styles, nothing is printed.
+
+\subsection{Acknowledgments}
+
+\aastex\ supports an
+\verb"\acknowledgments"%
+\index{acknowledgments@\verb`\acknowledgments`} section.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\acknowledgments
+ <acknowledgments text>
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+In the \aastex\ styles, acknowledgments are set off from the
+conclusion of the body with vertical space. Note the acknowledgments
+command takes no arguments.
+
+\subsection{Facilities}
+
+To help organizations obtain information on the effectiveness of their
+telescopes, the AAS has created a group of keywords for telescope
+facilities. Using a common set of keywords will make searches for
+this information significantly easier and more accurate.
+In addition, the use of facility
+keywords will be useful for linking papers that utilize the
+same telescopes together within the framework of the Virtual Observatory.
+A facilities keyword list is available through a
+link at the AASTeX Web page, \aastexhome.
+
+The facilities list should appear after the
+acknowledgments section.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+Facilities: \facility{<facility ID>},
+ \facility{<facility ID>},
+ \facility{<facility ID>}, ...
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+As part of the {\it facility ID} argument,
+the author may also include
+the name of the instrument in parentheses, e.g.
+|\facility{HST(WFPC2)}| or |\facility{MMT(Blue channel spectrograph)}|.
+There is no limit to the number of facility keywords
+that may be included in a paper.
+
+\subsection{Appendices}
+
+When one or more appendices are needed in a paper, the point where the
+main body text ends and the appendix begins should be marked
+with the \verb"\appendix"\
+ command.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\section{<body section>}
+\appendix
+\section{<appendix section>}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+The \verb"\appendix"\
+ command takes care of a number of internal
+housekeeping concerns, such as identifying sections with letters
+instead of numerals, and resetting the equation counter.
+Note that the \verb"\appendix"\
+ command takes no arguments.
+Sections in the appendix should be headed with \verb"\section"\
+ commands.
+
+\subsection{Equations}
+
+Display equations can be typeset in \LaTeX\ in a number of ways.
+The following three are probably of greatest use in AASTeX.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{displaymath}
+\end{displaymath}
+
+\begin{equation}
+\end{equation}
+
+\begin{eqnarray}
+\end{eqnarray}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+The
+\texttt{displaymath} environment
+will break out a single,
+unnumbered formula. The \texttt{equation} environment does the same
+thing except that the equation is
+autonumbered by \LaTeX.
+To set several formul\ae\ in which vertical alignment
+is required, or to display a long equation across multiple lines, use the
+\texttt{eqnarray} environment. Each line of the \texttt{eqnarray}
+will be numbered
+unless a \verb"\nonumber"\
+ command is inserted
+before the equation line delimiter
+(\verb"\\").
+\LaTeX's equation counter is \emph{not} incremented when
+\verb"\nonumber"\
+ is used.
+
+Authors may occasionally wish to group related equations together and
+identify them with letters appended to the equation number.
+When this is desired, such related equations should still be set
+in \texttt{equation} or \texttt{eqnarray} environments, whichever is
+appropriate, and then grouped within
+the \texttt{mathletters} environment.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{mathletters}
+<equation> or <eqnarray>
+\end{mathletters}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+
+It is possible to override \LaTeX's automatic numbering within the
+\texttt{equation} or \texttt{eqnarray} environments using
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\eqnum{<text>}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+When \verb"\eqnum"\
+ is specified inside an \texttt{equation} environment
+or on a particular equation within an \texttt{eqnarray}, the text
+supplied as an argument to \verb"\eqnum"\
+ is used as the equation
+identifier.
+\LaTeX's equation counter is \emph{not} incremented when \verb"\eqnum"\
+ is used.
+\verb"\eqnum"\
+ must be used \emph{inside} the math environment.
+
+If, as a consequence of the use of \verb"\eqnum"\
+ or \verb"\nonumber",
+\LaTeX's equation counter gets out of synch with the author's
+intended sequence,
+the counter may be reset to a particular value.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\setcounter{equation}{<number>}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+The equation counter should be set to the number corresponding to the
+last equation that was formatted; therefore, it is most appropriate for this
+command to appear immediately after an \texttt{equation} or
+\texttt{eqnarray} environment.
+The command must be used
+\emph{outside} the math environments.
+
+The \texttt{eqsecnum} style file can also be used to modify the way equations
+are numbered. See \S~\ref{styles} for details.
+
+\subsection{Citations and Bibliography} \label{bibliography}
+
+Two options are available for marking citations
+and formatting reference lists: the standard \LaTeX\ \verb"thebibliography"\
+environment, and the \aastex\ \verb"references"\ environment.
+Authors are strongly encouraged to use \verb"thebibliography"\
+in their electronic submissions.
+
+Please note that the bibliographic data supplied by the author in
+the reference list must conform to the standards of the journal.
+Many of the journals that
+accept \aastex\ agreed to reduce typographic overhead, bold, italic, etc.,
+in reference lists \citep{Abt90}, and the AAS
+has elected not to burden authors with tedious markup commands
+to delimit the bibliographic fields. Instead, citations will be
+typeset in roman with no size or style changes.
+It is the responsibility of the author to
+arrange the required bibliographic fields in the
+proper order with the correct punctuation, according to journal
+style.
+
+\subsubsection{The {\tt thebibliography} Environment} \label{bib}
+
+The preferred method for reference management is to use \LaTeX's
+\texttt{thebibliography} environment, marking citations in the body
+of the paper with
+\verb"\citep"\ or \verb"\citet"\
+and associating references with them using \verb"\bibitem".
+The \verb"\cite"-\verb"\bibitem"\
+mechanism associates citations and references symbolically
+while maintaining proper citation syntax within the paper.
+In the \verb"\bibitem"\
+command, the author should specify citation data inside
+square brackets and a citation key in curly braces
+for each reference. (The |\bibitem| command is described
+in detail in the next section.)
+
+\noindent
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \begin{thebibliography}{<dummy>}
+ \bibitem[<cite data>]{<key>} <bibliographic data>
+ .
+ .
+ \end{thebibliography}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\noindent Note that the argument \m{dummy} to the start command of the
+environment is not
+used in the \aastex\ package, but it is included to be consistent with the
+syntax of standard \LaTeX. It is acceptable to simply insert an
+empty pair of curly braces at the end of the \verb"\begin{thebibliography}"\
+command.
+
+\subsubsection{Specifying Bibliographic and Citation Information}\label{spec-bib-data}
+
+\aastex\ uses the |natbib| package \citep{Daly98} for
+citation management.
+The |natbib| package re-implements \LaTeX's |\cite| command,
+offering greater flexibility for managing citations in the
+author-year form.
+
+When using |natbib|, bibliographic data are defined
+in |\bibitem| commands.
+
+\noindent
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \bibitem[<author>(<year>)]{<key>}
+ <bibliographic data>
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\noindent
+The square-bracketed argument of the |\bibitem|
+contains the \m{author} portion of the citation
+followed by the \m{year} set off in parentheses.
+The parentheses are important---|natbib| uses them to
+determine the year portion of the citation---so be sure to
+include them.
+The argument \m{key} in curly braces is the code name
+by which the citation is referenced in the text.
+
+When placing citations in the text, the author should use
+either a |\citep| or a |\citet| command.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\citep{<key(s)>}
+\citet{<key(s)>}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+The |\citep| command produces a citation that is entirely
+set off by parentheses, e.g.\ ``(Cox 1995),'' while |\citet| permits
+the author's name to form part of the text, e.g.\ ``Cox (1995).''
+The plain \LaTeX\ |\cite| command behaves like |\citet|.
+
+The citation \m{key} must correspond to the \m{key} in a |\bibitem| command.
+During processing, information from the square-bracketed argument of the
+key's |\bibitem| is inserted in
+the text at the location of the \verb"\cite"\ command.
+Multiple citation keys are separated by commas, e.g.,
+|\citep|\allowbreak
+|{knuth84,|\allowbreak
+|cox95,|\allowbreak
+|lamport94}|.
+
+|\citep| and |\citet| each take optional arguments that specify
+extra text to be appended to the citation label. Text in the first
+set of square brackets will appear before the cite while
+text in the second set will appear after it.
+For instance, |\citep[chap. 2]{jon90}|
+would produce the citation ``(Jones et al., 1990, chap. 2),''
+|\citep[see][]{jon90}| would produce ``(see Jones et al, 1990),'' and
+|\citep[see][chap. 2]|\allowbreak|{jon90}| would print
+``(see Jones et al., 1990, chap. 2).''
+In addition, the * form of the
+cite commands will print the full author list instead of the
+abbreviated form.
+
+The syntax discussed above should be sufficient for the
+vast majority of cases; however, \aastex\
+does use the full |natbib| implementation, so many more
+syntax options are available. For details on
+the full range of |natbib| citation options, see the section
+on using |natbib| on the \aastex\ Web
+site and the |natbib| package documentation.
+
+It is not possible to use \verb"\bibitem"
+within \aastex's \texttt{references} environment
+(\S~\ref{refenv}),
+nor will \verb"\cite"\ commands work properly in the main body
+if \verb"\bibitem" commands are absent.
+
+\subsubsection{The {\tt references} Environment}\label{refenv}
+
+Some authors might prefer to enter citations directly
+into the body of an article. If so, the |references| environment may be
+used to format the reference list. The
+\texttt{references} environment
+simply sets off
+the list of references and adjusts spacing parameters.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{references}
+\reference{<key>} <bibliographic data>
+ .
+ .
+\end{references}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+
+While the
+\texttt{references} environment
+remains supported in \aastex,
+we anticipate that authors will prefer the stronger capabilities of
+the standard \LaTeX\ |thebibliography| commands as extended by |natbib|.
+
+\subsubsection{Abbreviations for Journal Names}
+
+\aastex\ commands are available for many of the most--frequently-referenced
+journals so that authors may use the markup rather than having
+to look up a particular journal's abbreviation.
+In principle, all the journals should be using the
+same abbreviations, but it is fair to anticipate some changes in
+the specific abbreviations before a system is finally settled on.
+If authors use the journal macros, they need not worry about
+changes to journal style governing abbreviations in citations.
+A listing of the current abbreviation macros appears
+in Table~\ref{journame}.
+\begin{table}
+\footnotesize
+\begin{center}
+\caption{Abbreviations for Journal Names}\label{journame}
+\begin{tabular}{l@{\quad}p{2.5in}}
+\verb"\araa" & Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics\\
+\verb"\actaa" & Acta Astronomica\\
+\verb"\ao" & Applied Optics\\
+\verb"\aj" & Astronomical Journal\\
+\verb"\azh" & Astronomicheskii Zhurnal\\
+\verb"\aap" & Astronomy and Astrophysics\\
+\verb"\aapr" & Astronomy and Astrophysics Reviews\\
+\verb"\apj" & Astrophysical Journal\\
+\verb"\apjl" & \rule[.5ex]{2em}{.4pt}, Letters to the Editor\\
+\verb"\apjs" & \rule[.5ex]{2em}{.4pt}, Supplement Series\\
+\verb"\aplett" & Astrophysics Letters and Communications\\
+\verb"\apspr" & Astrophysics Space Physics Research\\
+\verb"\apss" & Astrophysics and Space Science\\
+\verb"\aaps" & \rule[.5ex]{2em}{.4pt}, Supplement Series\\
+\verb"\baas" & Bulletin of the AAS\\
+\verb"\bain" & Bulletin Astronomical Inst. Netherlands\\
+\verb"\caa" & Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics\\
+\verb"\cjaa" & Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics\\
+\verb"\fcp" & Fundamental Cosmic Physics\\
+\verb"\gca" & Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta\\
+\verb"\grl" & Geophysics Research Letters\\
+\verb"\iaucirc" & IAU Circular\\
+\verb"\icarus" & Icarus\\
+\verb"\jcp" & Journal of Chemical Physics\\
+\verb"\jgr" & Journal of Geophysical Research\\
+\verb"\jcap" & Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics\\
+\verb"\jqsrt" & Journal of Quantitative Specstroscopy and Radiative Transfer\\
+\verb"\jrasc" & Journal of the RAS of Canada\\
+\verb"\memras" & Memoirs of the RAS\\
+\verb"\memsai" & Mem. Societa Astronomica Italiana\\
+\verb"\mnras" & Monthly Notices of the RAS\\
+\verb"\na" & New Astronomy\\
+\verb"\nar" & New Astronomy Review\\
+\verb"\nat" & Nature\\
+\verb"\nphysa" & Nuclear Physics A\\
+\verb"\physscr" & Physica Scripta\\
+\verb"\pra" & Physical Review A\\
+\verb"\prb" & Physical Review B\\
+\verb"\prc" & Physical Review C\\
+\verb"\prd" & Physical Review D\\
+\verb"\pre" & Physical Review E\\
+\verb"\prl" & Physical Review Letters\\
+\verb"\physrep" & Physics Reports\\
+\verb"\planss" & Planetary Space Science\\
+\verb"\procspie" & Proceedings of the SPIE\\
+\verb"\pasa" & Publications of the ASA\\
+\verb"\pasj" & Publications of the ASJ\\
+\verb"\pasp" & Publications of the ASP\\
+\verb"\qjras" & Quarterly Journal of the RAS\\
+\verb"\rmxaa" & Revista Mexicana de Astronomia y Astrofisica \\
+\verb"\skytel" & Sky and Telescope\\
+\verb"\solphys" & Solar Physics\\
+\verb"\ssr" & Space Science Reviews\\
+\verb"\sovast" & Soviet Astronomy\\
+\verb"\zap" & Zeitschrift fuer Astrophysik\\
+\end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+\end{table}
+
+\subsection{Figures}
+
+\subsubsection{Electronic Art}
+
+If an author wishes
+to embed graphics in a manuscript, it is necessary that
+the graphics files conform
+to the Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) standard \citep{PLRM}. The
+author must also have an appropriate DVI translator,
+one that targets PostScript output devices. (Detailed information
+on preparing and submitting electronic art is
+available in the submissions instructions for the journals.)
+
+Several commands are available for including EPS files
+in \aastex\ manuscripts. They should be placed within the
+ \texttt{figure} environment.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{figure}
+\figurenum{<text>}
+\epsscale{<num>}
+\plotone{<epsfile>}
+\plottwo{<epsfile>}{<epsfile>}
+\caption{<text>}
+\end{figure}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+When \verb"\figurenum" is specified inside the {\tt figure} environment,
+the text supplied as an argument to \verb"\figurenum" will be used as the
+figure identifier.
+\LaTeX's figure counter is \emph{not} incremented when \verb"\figurenum"
+is used.
+\verb"\figurenum" must be used \emph{inside} the {\tt figure} environment.
+
+\verb"\plotone" inserts the graphic in the named EPS file,
+scaled so that the horizontal
+dimension fits the width of the body text;
+the vertical dimension is scaled to maintain the aspect ratio.
+\verb"\plottwo" inserts two plots next to each other.
+Scale factors are determined automatically from information in the
+EPS file.
+
+The automatic scaling may be overridden with the command
+\verb"\epsscale{<num>}", where \m{num} is a scaling factor
+ in decimal units, e.g., 0.80.
+
+The |\plotone| and |\plottwo|
+macros are invocations of the |graphicx|
+|\includegraphics| command. In most instances, using
+|\plotone| or |\plottwo| should work for placing
+figures in \aastex\ documents. However, if more
+flexibility is needed, the |\includegraphics| command
+may be invoked directly. For instance, to rotate
+an image by 90 degrees, use
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\includegraphics[angle=90]{<epsfile>}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+See the |graphicx| package documentation or the \aastex\ Web site for a
+complete list of the available arguments to |\includegraphics|.
+
+Authors are strongly encouraged to use |\plotone|, |\plottwo|, or |\includegraphics| to place their EPS figures. However, as of the current release, the old |\plotfiddle| macro from v4.0 has been reintroduced and may be used if the desired figure placement cannot be achieved with one of the methods above. The syntax of the command is
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\plotfiddle{<epsfile>}{<vsize>}{<rot>}{<hsf>}
+ {<vsf>}{<htrans>}{<vtrans>}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+where the arguments are
+\begin{center}
+\begin{tabular}{l@{\quad}p{2in}}
+\tt epsfile & name of the EPS file \\
+\tt vsize & vertical white space to allow for plot (\LaTeX\ dimension)\\
+\tt rot & rotation angle (degrees)\\
+\tt hsf & horizontal width of scaled figure (PS points)\\
+\tt vsf & vertical height of scaled figure (PS points)\\
+\tt htrans & horizontal translation (PS points)\\
+\tt vtrans & vertical translation (PS points)\\
+\end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+PostScript points are 1/72 inches, so an \m{htrans} of 72 moves
+the graphic 1 inch to the right. Note that the \m{vtrans} argument is
+discarded in the reimplented macro and is included only for
+backward compatibility with \aastex\ v4.0.
+
+\subsubsection{Figure Captions} \label{legends}
+
+Regardless of whether an author includes electronic art in a manuscript, figure captions, or legends, should be provided. If art is included in the document, use the \verb"\caption"\ command within the \texttt{figure} environment. If electronic art is not included, figure captions may be grouped together at the end of the document using \verb"\figcaption".
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\figcaption[<filename>]{<text>\label{<key>}}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+The optional argument, \m{filename}, can be used to iden\-ti\-fy
+the file for the corresponding figure;
+\m{text} refers to the caption for that figure. The author
+may provide a \verb"\label"\ with a unique \m{key} for cross-referencing
+purposes.
+
+When the \verb"\figcaption"\ command is used, the figure
+identification label,
+e.g., ``Figure 1,'' is generated automatically by the command itself, so
+there is no need to key this information.
+ There is an upper limit of seven figure captions per page.
+Footnotes are \emph{not} supported for figures.
+
+\subsection{Tables} \label{tables}
+
+There is support in the \aastex\ package for tables via two mechanisms:
+\LaTeX's standard \texttt{table} environment,
+and the
+\texttt{deluxetable} environment, which allows for the formatting
+of lengthy tabular material. Tables may be
+marked up using either mechanism, although use of
+\texttt{deluxetable} is preferred.
+Authors should \emph{not} use the \LaTeX\
+\texttt{tabbing} environment when preparing electronic
+submissions.
+
+\subsubsection{The \texttt{deluxetable} Environment} \label{dte}
+
+Authors are encouraged to use the
+\texttt{deluxetable} environment to format their tables since it automatically
+handles many formatting tasks, including table numbering and insertion
+of horizontal rules. It also provides mechanisms for breaking tables and
+controlling width and vertical spacing that are unavailable in the \LaTeX\
+\texttt{tabular} environment.
+
+The \texttt{deluxetable} environment
+is delimited by \LaTeX's familiar
+\verb"\begin"\ and \verb"\end"\ constructs.
+The content consists of preamble commands and table data,
+the latter delimited by \verb"\startdata"\
+ and \verb"\enddata".
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{deluxetable}{<cols>}
+<preamble commands>
+\startdata
+<table data>
+\enddata
+\end{deluxetable}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+The argument \m{cols} specifies the justification for each col\-umn.
+An alignment token, ``l,'' ``c,'' or ``r,'' is given for each column,
+indicating flush left, centered, or flush right.
+
+\subsubsection{Preamble to the \texttt{deluxetable}}%
+
+There are several commands in the
+\texttt{deluxetable} environment
+that
+must be given in the preamble.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\tabletypesize{<font size command>}
+\rotate
+\tablewidth{<dimen>}
+\tablenum{<text>}
+\tablecolumns{<num>}
+\tablecaption{<text>\label{<key>}}
+\tablehead{<text>}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+
+If a table is too wide for the printed page, the font size of the table
+can be cahnged with the \verb"\tabletypesize" command, which takes as
+an argument one of the the font size change commands:
+\verb"\small"\
+ (11pt), \verb"\footnotesize"\
+ (10pt), or
+\verb"\scriptsize"\
+ (8pt).
+
+To force a table to be set in landscape orientation,
+use the \verb"\rotate"\ \label{cmd-rotate} command. Note that
+most DVI previewers will not properly render rotated |deluxetable|
+output, so in order to see what the table looks like,
+it must be output to PostScript and viewed there.
+
+The width of a deluxetable is defined by \verb"\tablewidth".
+If this command is omitted, the default width is the width of the page.
+The table can be set to its natural width by specifying
+a dimension of \verb"0pt".
+Long tables may have a natural width that is
+different for each page. The natural width for each page will be
+printed to the log file during processing.
+Authors may then use this log information to
+define a fixed table width in order to give the
+table a more uniform appearance across pages.
+
+It is possible to override \LaTeX's automatic numbering within the
+\texttt{deluxetable} environment.
+When \verb"\tablenum"\
+ is specified inside a \texttt{deluxetable}
+preamble,
+the text supplied as an argument to \verb"\tablenum"\
+ will be used as the
+table identifier.
+\LaTeX's equation counter is \emph{not} incremented when
+\verb"\tablenum"\
+ is used.
+
+The caption (actually, the title) of the table is specified
+in \verb"\tablecaption".
+The text of \verb"\tablecaption"\
+ should be brief;
+explanatory notes should be specified in the end notes to the table
+(see \S \ref{tabendnotes}
+ below). If the caption
+does not appear
+centered above the table after processing, then specify the width of
+the table explicitly with the \verb"\tablewidth"\
+ command and rerun
+\LaTeX\ on the file. If an author supplies a \verb"\label"\ for cross-referencing purposes, this, too, should be included in the \verb"\tablecaption".
+
+Column headings are specified with \verb"\tablehead".
+Within the \verb"\tablehead", each column heading should be given
+in a \verb"\colhead", which will ensure that the heading
+is centered
+on the natural width of the column.
+There should be a heading for each column so that there are as
+many \verb"\colhead"\
+ commands in the \verb"\tablehead"\
+ as there
+are data columns.
+
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\tablehead{
+\colhead{<heading>} & \colhead{<heading>}}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+
+If more complicated column headings are required,
+any valid \texttt{tabular} command that constitutes a proper
+head line in a \LaTeX\ table may be used. For example, the
+|\multicolumn| command below would create a table head with
+text centered over five columns.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\multicolumn{5}{c}{<text>}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+Consult \citet{Lamport} or \citet{Kopka99} for further details
+on the available table commands.
+
+The \verb"\tablecolumns{"\m{num}\verb"}" command
+is necessary if an author has
+multi-line column headings produced by \verb"\tablehead"\
+ or other \LaTeX\
+commands and is using either the \verb"\cutinhead"\
+ or \verb"\sidehead"\
+markup (see below). The \m{num} argument should be
+set to the true number of columns in the
+table. The command must come before the \verb"\startdata"\
+ command.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Content of the \texttt{deluxetable}}%
+
+After the table title and column headings have been specified,
+data rows can be entered.
+Data rows are delimited with the \verb"\startdata"\
+ and \verb"\enddata"\ commands.
+The end of each row is indicated with the standard \LaTeX\ \verb"\\" command.
+Data cells within a row are separated with \& (ampersand) characters.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\startdata
+<data line>\\
+<cell>&<cell>&<cell>\\
+<more data lines>\\
+\enddata
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+
+Column alignment within the data columns can be adjusted with the \TeX\
+\verb"\phantom{"\m{string}\verb"}" command,
+where \m{string} can be any character, e.g., \verb"\phantom{$\arcmin$}".
+A blank character of width \m{string} is then inserted in the table.
+Four commands have been predefined for this purpose.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{tabular}{l@{\quad}p{2in}}
+{\verb"\phn"%
+} & {phantom numeral 0-9}\\
+{\verb"\phd"%
+} & {phantom decimal point}\\
+{\verb"\phs"%
+} & {phantom $\pm$ sign}\\
+{\verb"\phm{"\m{string}\verb"}"} & {generic phantom}\\
+\end{tabular}
+\end{quote}
+
+Extra vertical space can be inserted between rows with an optional argument to the
+\verb"\\" command.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\\[<dimen>]
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+The argument is a dimension
+and may be specified in any units that are legitimate in \LaTeX.
+
+In a table, it may happen that several rows of data are
+associated with a single object or item.
+Such logical groupings should not be broken across pages.
+In these cases, the |\tablebreak| command may be used to force
+a page break at the desired point.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+<table row>\\
+\tablebreak
+<next table row>\\
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+This command can be used any time that the default |deluxetable| page
+breaks need to be overridden.
+
+Journals often require that table cells that contain no data
+be explicitly marked. This is to differentiate such cells from
+blank cells, which are frequently interpreted as implicitly
+repeating the entry in the corresponding cell in the row preceding.
+Table cells for which there are no data should contain
+a \verb"\nodata"\
+ command.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\nodata
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+
+Within the |deluxetable| body, two kinds of special heads are
+allowed, |\cutinhead| and |\sidehead|.
+A cut-in head is a piece of text centered across the width
+of the table. It is spaced above and below
+from the data rows that precede and
+follow it and will appear set off by rules in the \LaTeX\ output.
+Similarly, the command for a side head produces a row spanning
+the width of the table but with the text left justified.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\cutinhead{<text>}
+\sidehead{<text>}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+
+Table footnotes (more properly, table \emph{end notes})
+may also be used in the \texttt{deluxetable} environment.
+Their use is described in detail in \S \ref{tabendnotes}.
+
+\subsubsection{The \texttt{table} Environment}
+
+Authors may also compose tables using the \texttt{table} environment.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{table}
+\end{table}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+The \texttt{table}\ environment
+encloses not only the tabular
+material but also any title or footnote information
+associated with the table.
+
+Titles, or captions, for tables are indicated with a |\caption|
+command
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\caption{<text>\label{<key>}}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+A table label, e.g. ``Table 2,'' is generated automatically
+by \verb"\caption".
+ The author
+may provide a \verb"\label"\ in the caption with a unique \m{key}
+for cross-referencing
+purposes.
+
+The table body should appear within the \texttt{tabular} environment.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{tabular}{<cols>}
+\end{tabular}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+The alignment tokens in \m{cols} specify the justification for each column. The letters ``l,'' ``c,'' or ``r'' is given for each column,
+indicating left, center, or right justification.
+Consult \citet{Lamport} for details about using
+the
+\texttt{tabular} environment
+to prepare tables.
+
+Each \texttt{tabular} table must appear within a \texttt{table}
+environment. There should be only one \texttt{tabular} table per
+\texttt{table}
+environment.
+If the journal requests manuscripts with only one table per page,
+the author may need to insert a \verb"\clearpage"\
+ command after especially short tables.
+
+Use the |\tableline| command to insert horizontal rules in the
+|tabular| environment.
+\begin{quote}
+\verb"\tableline"
+ \end{quote}
+The use of vertical rules should be avoided.
+
+As with the \texttt{deluxetable} environment, it
+ is possible to override \LaTeX's automatic numbering within the
+\texttt{table} environment using \verb"\tablenum".
+\verb"\tablenum"\
+ must be used \emph{inside} the \texttt{table}
+environment.
+
+\subsubsection{Table End Notes} \label{tabendnotes}
+
+\aastex\ supports footnotes and end notes within tables;
+this support applies to both the
+\texttt{deluxetable} environment
+and the standard \LaTeX\ \texttt{table} environment.
+
+Footnotes for tables are usually identified by lowercase letters
+rather than numbers. Use the |\tablenotemark| and |\tablenotetext|
+commands to supply table footnotes.
+As with \verb"\altaffilmark" and \verb"\altaffiltext", a note label,
+usually a letter, is required.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\tablenotemark{<key letter(s)>}
+\tablenotetext{<alpha key>}{<text>}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+The \m{key letter} of the |\tablenotemark| should be the same as the
+\m{alpha key} for the corresponding \m{text}.
+It is the responsibility of the author to make the correspondence
+correct.
+
+Sometimes authors tabulate materials that have corresponding
+references and may want to associate these references with the table.
+Authors may also wish to append a short paragraph of explanatory
+notes that pertain to the entire table. These elements should be
+specified with the commands below.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\tablerefs{<reference list>}
+\tablecomments{<text>}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+The \verb"\tablenotetext", \verb"\tablecomments", and
+\verb"\tablerefs" commands \emph{must}
+ be specified after the
+\verb"\end{tabular}" or \verb"\enddata" and before
+the closing \verb"\end{table}" or \verb"\end{deluxetable}".
+
+\subsection{Supplemental Materials}
+
+For many years now, authors have been taking advantage of the AAS journals'
+ability to post supplemental materials with their papers in the electronic
+editions. Even though each paper must stand on its own
+scientifically without the supplements, these materials are reviewed in the
+peer review process and should be included in initial manuscript
+submissions. As with regular figures and tables, papers with online only
+data must reference each electronic object in the main text
+and include an explanation of what the reader will
+find in the electronic edition.
+
+The four most popular types of supplemental materials are
+machine-readable tables, online color figures, online-only figures, and
+animations. Please see each journal's Web site for details on
+what types of supplemental materials are acceptable, how to
+submit these materials, author tools for preparing them,
+and their associated costs.
+
+\subsubsection{Machine-readable Tables}
+
+Online-only tables submitted to AAS journals are converted
+to a machine-readable
+format for presentation in the electronic edition.
+Machine-readable tables have two
+parts: the formatted ASCII data and a metadata header that provides
+format, units, and short explanations of each column of data. This
+structure is designed to provide maximum flexibility and ease of use
+for readers who wish to further manipulate the data with their own
+computer programs or with software like Excel.
+
+For each machine-readable table, the author should include a short sample
+version of the table in his or her \LaTeX\ submission. This sample version
+will appear in the print edition as well as
+in HTML in the electronic edition. The sample table should be
+5 to 15 lines long. It should include a table note at the end
+ with text indicating that a machine-readable
+version will be available in the electronic edition. For instance,
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\tablecomments{Table 1 is
+published in its entirety in
+the electronic edition of
+the Astrophysical Journal.
+A portion is shown here
+for guidance regarding its
+form and content.}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+Each example table must
+be cited and numbered as if it were a fully printed table.
+
+\subsubsection{Online Color Figures}
+
+For some journals, authors may submit figures
+that will appear in black and white in the
+print edition of a journal but in color in the electronic edition.
+In these cases, authors must submit separate black and white and RGB color
+versions of each figure labelled according to the
+file-naming conventions required for the publication.
+For the benefit of print journal readers, figure captions should be written
+with the color information placed inside parentheses,
+for instance, ``The dotted
+line (colored blue in electronic edition)
+is the H$_o$ = 75 km s-1 Mpc-1 model,'' and should
+include a note directing the reader to
+``See the electronic edition of the Journal
+for a color version of this figure.''
+
+\subsubsection{Online-only Figures}
+
+This feature is mainly useful for articles that contain large compendia
+of identification charts and other supplemental graphic material that need not
+be printed in full in the paper journal. Online-only figures are intended to
+provide supplemental information that is not critical to the scientific
+content of the article but that might nonetheless be of interest to the reader.
+
+Online-only figures must be mentioned explicitly by number and appear
+in correct numerical order in the body of the text. At least one figure
+in a series must be displayed as an example figure for the print edition.
+The caption should carry a message indicating that
+more figures are available in the electronic edition---for instance,
+``Plots for all sources are available in the electronic edition of the journal.''
+Enough information must be included in the figure caption for readers of the
+print edition to determine what is contained in the online-only figures.
+
+\subsubsection{Animations}
+
+Currently, only animations in the MPEG format are accepted by the AAS journals.
+Authors must supply a still frame from the animation in EPS format marked
+up like a regular figure that will serve as an example for the reader.
+They should include text in the caption for the
+still frame indicating that an animation is
+available electronically. For instance,
+``This figure is also available as an mpeg
+animation in the electronic edition of the {\it Astrophysical Journal}.''
+As with online-only figures, authors must include enough information in the
+figure caption for readers of the print edition to determine what the
+animation illustrates.
+
+\subsection{Miscellaneous}
+
+\subsubsection{Celestial Objects and Data Sets}
+
+Authors who wish to have the most important objects in their paper
+linked to a data center in the electronic edition may do so using the
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\objectname[<catalog ID>]{<text>}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+macro, or its alias |\object|.
+The text contained in the required argument
+will be printed in the paper and will serve as a link anchor
+in the electronic edition. The catalog ID
+given as an optional argument will be carried through as the identification
+key in the link to a data center. Note that links will only
+be activated if the name provided in the argument is recognized by a
+participating data center. It is the author's responsibility to use the
+correct identifier.
+
+Similar markup is available for linking to data sets hosted
+at participating data centers.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\dataset[<catalog ID>]{<text>}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+In the paper, the text in the required argument will be
+printed while the the catalog ID value will be passed through to form
+links to data centers.
+
+When an article contains |\object| or |\dataset| commands, the
+publisher will be able to use the markup to
+pass along a list of objects and data sets used in the
+paper to database personnel. Software can then be used to construct links to
+those databases.
+Please check with each journal's Web site for instructions on how to
+determine the object and data set identifiers, the location of
+verifications tools, and information on where in the paper these
+macros can best be used.
+
+\subsubsection{Ionic Species and Chemical Bonds}
+
+When discussing atomic species, ionization levels can be indicated
+with the following command.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\ion{<element>}{<level>}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+The ionization state is specified as the second argument
+and should be given as a numeral.
+For example, ``\ion{Ca}{3}'' would be marked up as \verb"\ion{Ca}{3}".
+
+For single, double, and triple chemical bonds, use the following macros.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\sbond
+\dbond
+\tbond
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+
+\subsubsection{Fractions}
+
+\aastex\ contains commands that permit authors to specify alternate
+forms for fractions.
+\LaTeX\ will set fractions in displayed math as built-up fractions;
+however, it is sometimes desirable to use case fractions in
+displayed equations.
+In such instances, one should use \verb"\case"\
+rather than \verb"\frac". Note, however, that authors submitting
+manuscripts electronically to AAS journals
+should generally find it unnecessary to use any markup other than the
+standard \LaTeX\ \verb"\frac".
+
+\begin{center}
+\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.4}
+\begin{tabular}{@{}llc@{}}
+Built-up & \verb"\frac{1}{2}" & $\displaystyle\frac{1}{2}$ \\
+Case & \verb"\case{1}{2}" & $\case{1}{2}$ \\
+Shilled & \verb"1/2" & $1/2$ \\
+\end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+
+\subsubsection{Astronomical Symbols}
+
+As mentioned earlier, the \aastex\ package
+contains a collection of assorted macros
+for symbols and abbreviations specific to an astronomical context.
+These are commonly useful and also somewhat difficult for authors
+to produce themselves because fussy kerning is required.
+See the symbols pages provided with the package distribution.
+Most of these commands can be used in both running text and math. However,
+\verb"\lesssim"\ and \verb"\gtrsim"\ can only be used in math mode.
+
+\subsubsection{Hypertext Constructs}
+
+The \verb"\anchor"\ \label{cmd-anchor} command is a general-purpose
+hypertext link tag, associating \verb"<text>" in the manuscript with
+the specified resource (\verb"<href>").
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\anchor{<href>}{<text>}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+\verb"<href>"\ should be specified as a \emph{full} URI, including the
+\verb"scheme:"\ designator (|http:|, |ftp:|, etc.).
+
+The \verb"\url" command supports the special case where an author
+wishes to express a URL in the text.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\url{<text>}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+
+The \verb"\email"\ command is used to identify e-mail addresses
+anywhere in the manuscript.
+The text of the argument is the e-mail address.
+Please do \emph{not} prepend the \verb|mailto:| part.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\email{<address>}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+This command should be used to indicate authors' e-mail addresses
+in author lists at the beginning of manuscripts.
+
+\subsection{Concluding the File}
+
+The last command in the electronic manuscript file should be the
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+command, which must appear after all the material in the paper.
+This command directs the formatter to finish processing the manuscript.
+
+\section{Style Options} \label{styles}
+
+\subsection{Manuscript Style}
+
+The default style option is the |manuscript| style. This style will
+produce double-spaced pages printed in a single column at the width
+of the page.
+
+\subsection{Preprints}
+
+Two preprint styles are available.
+The \texttt{preprint} style is similar to the |manuscript| style,
+but it is single-spaced and fully justified.
+The \texttt{preprint2} style produces a two-column preprint.
+
+\subsubsection{Single-column Preprint}
+
+A single-column preprint format may be specified with the
+\texttt{preprint} style option.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentclass[preprint]{aastex}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+The size of the typeface used is under author control by way of
+\LaTeX's \m{nn}\texttt{pt} class options
+(where \m{nn} is 10, 11, or 12).
+Use of 10 point type is not recommended with the
+\texttt{preprint} style.
+
+\subsubsection{Two-column Preprint}
+
+The
+\texttt{preprint2} style
+has the principle function of providing two-column formatting.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentclass[preprint2]{aastex}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+It is important to remember
+that text lines are considerably shorter when two columns are typeset
+side by side on a page. Long equations, wide tables and figures, and
+the like, may not typeset in this format without some adjustments.
+The expenditure of great effort to adapt copy and markup for
+two-column pages is counterproductive.
+Remember that the main
+goal of this package is to produce draft-, or referee-, format pages.
+It is the responsibility of the editors and publishers to
+produce publication-format papers for the journals.
+
+The \texttt{preprint2} style
+sets the article's front matter---the title, author, abstract,
+and keyword material---on a separate page at full text width.
+The body of the article is set in a two-column page grid,
+the appendices in a one-column page grid,
+and the bibliography in a two-column page grid.
+(This manual was prepared using the \texttt{preprint2} style.)
+
+The author may supply \LaTeX's \verb"\twocolumn"\ or |\onecolumn|
+commands whenever desired.
+Be aware, however, that using explicit column-switching commands can
+cause formatting problems.
+
+\subsection{The {\tt eqsecnum} Style}
+
+The \texttt{eqsecnum} style file can be used to modify the way equations
+are numbered.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentclass[eqsecnum]{aastex}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+Normally, equations are numbered sequentially through the
+entire paper, starting over at ``(A1)'' if there is an appendix.
+If \texttt{eqsecnum} appears in the \texttt{documentclass} command,
+equation num\-bers will be sequential through each section and will be
+formatted ``({\it sec-eqn}),'' where ``{\it sec}'' is the current section number and
+``{\it eqn}'' is the number of the equation within that section.
+
+\subsection{The {\tt flushrt} Style }
+
+A \verb"flushrt"\ style option is available for authors that prefer to
+have their margins left and right justified.
+\begin{quote}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentclass[eqsecnum,flushrt]{aastex}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{quote}
+Note the \texttt{preprint} and \texttt{preprint2} styles
+are already flush right by default.
+
+\section{Additional Documentation} \label{docs}
+
+The preceding explanation of the markup commands in the
+\aastex\ package has merit for defining syntax, but many
+authors will prefer to examine the sample papers that are
+included with the style files.
+The files of interest are described below.
+
+A comprehensive example employing nearly all of the capabilities
+of the package (in terms of markup as well as formatting)
+is in \verb"sample.tex".
+This file is annotated with comments that describe
+the purpose of most of the markup.
+\verb"sample.tex"\ includes three tables: two marked up using the
+\texttt{deluxetable} environment
+and another table using the \LaTeX\ \texttt{table}
+environment.
+
+In \verb"table.tex", a complex but short example of the
+\texttt{deluxetable} environment
+demonstrates some of the techniques
+that can be used to generate complex column headings and to align
+variable-width columns.
+Here the \LaTeX\ \verb"\multicolumn" command is used to span a heading
+over several columns. When \verb"\multicolumn" is used along with the
+\verb"\cutinhead" command, the \verb"\tablecolumns" command must be used to specify
+the number of columns in the table---otherwise the \verb"\cutinhead" command
+will not work properly.
+This table also makes use of the \verb"\phn" command to better align some of the
+columns.
+
+This user guide (\verb"aasguide.tex")
+is also marked up with the \aastex\ package,
+although it is not exemplary as a scientific paper.
+
+Many of the markup commands described in the preceding
+sections are standard \LaTeX\ commands. The reader who is
+unfamiliar with their syntax is referred to the \LaTeX\
+references works cited in the bibliography, in particular
+\citet{Kopka99} and \citet{Lamport}.
+
+Authors who wish to know the ins and outs of \TeX\ itself
+should read the \emph{\TeX book} \citep{Knuth}.
+This resource contains a good deal of information about
+typography in general. Many details of mathematical typography are
+discussed in \emph{Mathematics into Type} by \citet{Swanson}.
+
+\section{Acknowledgments}
+
+\aastex\ was designed and written by Chris Biemesderfer in 1988.
+Substantial revisions were made by Lee Brotzman and Pierre
+Landau when the package was updated to v4.0.
+\aastex\ was rewritten as a \LaTeXe\ class by Arthur Ogawa
+for the v5.0 release. It was updated to v5.2 by
+SR Nova Private Ltd.
+The documentation has benefited from revisions by
+Jeannette Barnes, Sara Zimmerman, and Greg Schwartz.
+
+\begin{thebibliography}{}
+
+\bibitem[Abt(1990)]{Abt90}
+ Abt, H. 1990, \apj, 357, 1 (editorial)
+
+\bibitem[Adobe(1999)]{PLRM}
+ Adobe Systems, Inc. 1999,
+ \anchor{http://www.adobe.com/prodindex/postscript/}
+ {PostScript Language Reference Manual} (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley)
+
+\bibitem[Daly(1998)]{Daly98}
+ Daly, P. 1998, \emph{Natural Sciences Citations and References}
+ (\texttt{natbib} package documentation)
+
+\bibitem[Goossens, Mittelbach, and Samarin(1994)]{Goossens94}
+ Goossens, M., Mittelbach, F., and Samarin, A. 1994,
+ \emph{The \LaTeX\ Companion} (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley)
+
+\bibitem[Hahn(1993)]{Hahn93}
+ Hahn, J. 1993, \emph{\LaTeX\ for Everyone}
+ (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall)
+
+\bibitem[Knuth(1984)]{Knuth}
+ Knuth, D. 1984, \emph{The \TeX book} (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley).
+ \newblock Revised to cover \TeX3, 1991.
+
+\bibitem[Kopka and Daly(1999)]{Kopka99}
+ Kopka, H. and Daly, P. 1999, \emph{A Guide to \LaTeX},
+ 3rd edition, (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley)
+
+\bibitem[Lamport(1994)]{Lamport}
+ Lamport, L. 1994, \emph{\LaTeX: A Document Preparation System\/},
+ 2nd edition, (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley)
+
+\bibitem[Swanson(1979)]{Swanson}
+ Swanson, E. 1979, \emph{Mathematics into Type}
+ (Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society)
+
+\end{thebibliography}
+\end{document}
+\endinput
+%%
+%% End of file `aasguide.tex'.