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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex-dev/base/fntguide.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex-dev/base/fntguide.tex index 59c6499962d..f19e0de7ba1 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex-dev/base/fntguide.tex +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex-dev/base/fntguide.tex @@ -1,206 +1,203 @@ % \iffalse meta-comment % -% Copyright (C) 1993-2019 +% Copyright (C) 1993-2020 % % The LaTeX3 Project and any individual authors listed elsewhere -% in this file. -% +% in this file. +% % This file is part of the LaTeX base system. % ------------------------------------------- -% +% % It may be distributed and/or modified under the % conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3c % of this license or (at your option) any later version. % The latest version of this license is in % http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt -% and version 1.3c or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX +% and version 1.3c or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX % version 2008 or later. -% +% % This file has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained". -% +% % The list of all files belonging to the LaTeX base distribution is % given in the file `manifest.txt'. See also `legal.txt' for additional % information. -% -% The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution -% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with +% +% The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution +% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with % extension .ins) which are part of the distribution. -% +% % \fi % Filename: fntguide.tex - + \NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01] - + \documentclass{ltxguide}[1995/11/28] - + \title{\LaTeXe{} font selection} - + \author{\copyright~Copyright 1995--2019, \LaTeX3 Project Team.\\ All rights reserved.} - + \date{October 2019} - + \begin{document} - + \maketitle - + \tableofcontents - + \section{Introduction} - + This document describes the new font selection features of the \LaTeX{} Document Preparation System. It is intended for package writers who want to write font-loading packages similar to |times| or |latexsym|. -This document is only a brief introduction to the new facilities and -is intended for package writers who are familiar with \TeX{} fonts and +This document is only a brief introduction to the new facilities and is +intended for package writers who are familiar with \TeX{} fonts and \LaTeX{} packages. It is \emph{neither} a user-guide \emph{nor} a reference manual for fonts in \LaTeXe. - + \subsection{\LaTeXe~fonts} - + The most important difference between \LaTeX~2.09 and \LaTeXe{} is the way that fonts are selected. In \LaTeX~2.09, the Computer Modern fonts were built into the \LaTeX~format, and so customizing \LaTeX{} to use other fonts was a major effort. - + In \LaTeXe, very few fonts are built into the format, and there are commands to load new text and math fonts. Packages such as |times| or -|latexsym| allow authors to access these fonts. -This document describes how to write similar font-loading packages. - +|latexsym| allow authors to access these fonts. This document describes +how to write similar font-loading packages. + The \LaTeXe{} font selection system was first released as the `New Font Selection Scheme' (NFSS) in 1989, and then in release~2 in 1993. \LaTeXe{} includes NFSS release~2 as standard. - + \subsection{Overview} - -This document contains an overview of the new font commands -of \LaTeX. - + +This document contains an overview of the new font commands of \LaTeX. + \begin{description} - + \item[Section~\ref{Sec:text}] describes the commands for selecting fonts - in classes and packages. It lists the five \LaTeX{} font - attributes, and lists the commands for selecting fonts. It also - describes how to customize the author commands such as |\textrm| and - |\textit| to suit your document design. - + in classes and packages. It lists the five \LaTeX{} font attributes, + and lists the commands for selecting fonts. It also describes how to + customize the author commands such as |\textrm| and |\textit| to suit + your document design. + \item[Section~\ref{Sec:math}] explains the commands for controlling - \LaTeX{} math fonts. It describes how to specify new math fonts and - new math symbols. - + \LaTeX{} math fonts. It describes how to specify new math fonts and + new math symbols. + \item[Section~\ref{Sec:install}] explains how to install new fonts into - \LaTeX. It shows how \LaTeX{} font attributes are turned into \TeX{} - font names, and how to specify your own fonts using font definition - files. - -\item[Section~\ref{Sec:encode}] discusses text font encodings. - It describes how to declare a new encoding and how to define - commands, such as |\AE| or |\"|, which have different definitions in - different encodings, depending on whether ligatures, etc.\ are - available in the encoding. - + \LaTeX. It shows how \LaTeX{} font attributes are turned into \TeX{} + font names, and how to specify your own fonts using font definition + files. + +\item[Section~\ref{Sec:encode}] discusses text font encodings. It + describes how to declare a new encoding and how to define commands, + such as |\AE| or |\"|, which have different definitions in different + encodings, depending on whether ligatures, etc.\ are available in the + encoding. + \item[Section~\ref{Sec:misc}] covers font miscellanea. It describes how - \LaTeX{} performs font substitution, how to customize fonts that are - preloaded in the \LaTeX{} format, and the naming conventions used in - \LaTeX{} font selection. - + \LaTeX{} performs font substitution, how to customize fonts that are + preloaded in the \LaTeX{} format, and the naming conventions used in + \LaTeX{} font selection. + \end{description} - + \subsection{Further information} - + For a general introduction to \LaTeX, including the new features of -\LaTeXe, you should read \emph{\LaTeXbook}, -Leslie Lamport, Addison Wesley, 2nd~ed, 1994. - +\LaTeXe, you should read \emph{\LaTeXbook}, Leslie Lamport, Addison +Wesley, 2nd~ed, 1994. + A more detailed description of the \LaTeX{} font selection scheme is to -be found in \emph{\LaTeXcomp}, 2nd~ed, by Mittelbach and Goossens, Addison -Wesley, 2004. - +be found in \emph{\LaTeXcomp}, 2nd~ed, by Mittelbach and Goossens, +Addison Wesley, 2004. + The \LaTeX{} font selection scheme is based on \TeX, which is described by its developer in \emph{The \TeX book}, Donald E.~Knuth, Addison Wesley, 1986, revised in 1991 to include the features of \TeX~3. - + Sebastian Rahtz's |psnfss| software contains the software for using a large number of Type~1 fonts (including the Adobe Laser Writer 35 and the Monotype CD-ROM fonts) in \LaTeX. It should be available from the same source as your copy of \LaTeX. - -The |psnfss| software uses fonts generated by Alan Jeffrey's -|fontinst| software. This can convert fonts from Adobe Font Metric -format into a format readable by \LaTeX, including the generation of -the font definition files described in Section~\ref{Sec:install}. The -|fontinst| software should be available from the same source as your -copy of \LaTeX. - + +The |psnfss| software uses fonts generated by Alan Jeffrey's |fontinst| +software. This can convert fonts from Adobe Font Metric format into a +format readable by \LaTeX, including the generation of the font +definition files described in Section~\ref{Sec:install}. The |fontinst| +software should be available from the same source as your copy of +\LaTeX. + Whenever practical, \LaTeX{} uses the font naming scheme called `fontname'; this was described in \emph{Filenames for fonts},% -\footnote{An up-to-date electronic version -of this document can be found on any CTAN server, in the directory -\texttt{info/fontname}.} +\footnote{An up-to-date electronic version of this document can be found + on any CTAN server, in the directory \texttt{info/fontname}.} \emph{TUGboat}~11(4),~1990. -The class-writer's guide \emph{\clsguide} describes -the new \LaTeX{} features for writers of document classes and packages -and is kept in |clsguide.tex|. Configuring -\LaTeX{} is covered by the guide \emph{\cfgguide} in -\texttt{cfgguide.tex} whilst the philosophy behind our policy on -modifying \LaTeX{} is described in \emph{\modguide} in +The class-writer's guide \emph{\clsguide} describes the new \LaTeX{} +features for writers of document classes and packages and is kept in +|clsguide.tex|. Configuring \LaTeX{} is covered by the guide +\emph{\cfgguide} in \texttt{cfgguide.tex} whilst the philosophy behind +our policy on modifying \LaTeX{} is described in \emph{\modguide} in \texttt{modguide.tex}. - -The documented source code (from the files used to produce -the kernel format via |latex.ltx|) is now available as -\emph{The \LaTeXe\ Sources}. -This very large document also includes an index of \LaTeX{} -commands. It can be typeset from the \LaTeX{} file |source2e.tex| -in the |base| directory; this uses the class file |ltxdoc.cls|. + +The documented source code (from the files used to produce the kernel +format via |latex.ltx|) is now available as \emph{The \LaTeXe\ Sources}. +This very large document also includes an index of \LaTeX{} commands. +It can be typeset from the \LaTeX{} file |source2e.tex| in the |base| +directory; this uses the class file |ltxdoc.cls|. For more information about \TeX{} and \LaTeX{}, please contact your local \TeX{} Users Group, or the international \TeX{} Users Group. Addresses and other details can be found at: \begin{quote}\small\label{addrs} - \texttt{http://www.tug.org/lugs.html} + \texttt{http://www.tug.org/lugs.html} \end{quote} \section{Text fonts} \label{Sec:text} - + This section describes the commands available to class and package writers for specifying and selecting fonts. - -\subsection{Text font attributes} \label{sec:textfontattributes} - + +\subsection{Text font attributes} +\label{sec:textfontattributes} + Every text font in \LaTeX{} has five \emph{attributes}: \begin{description} - + \item[encoding] This specifies the order that characters appear in the - font. The two most common text encodings used in \LaTeX{} are - Knuth's `\TeX{} text' encoding, and the `\TeX{} text extended' - encoding developed by the \TeX{} Users Group members during a \TeX{} - Conference at Cork in~1990 (hence its informal name `Cork encoding'). - + font. The two most common text encodings used in \LaTeX{} are Knuth's + `\TeX{} text' encoding, and the `\TeX{} text extended' encoding + developed by the \TeX{} Users Group members during a \TeX{} Conference + at Cork in~1990 (hence its informal name `Cork encoding'). + \item[family] The name for a collection of fonts, usually grouped under - a common name by the font foundry. For example, `Adobe Times', `ITC - Garamond', and Knuth's `Computer Modern Roman' are all font families. - + a common name by the font foundry. For example, `Adobe Times', `ITC + Garamond', and Knuth's `Computer Modern Roman' are all font families. + \item[series] How heavy and/or expanded a font is. For example, `medium - weight', `narrow' and `bold extended' are all series. - -\item[shape] The form of the letters within a font family. For - example, `italic', `oblique' and `upright' (sometimes called - `roman') are all font shapes. - + weight', `narrow' and `bold extended' are all series. + +\item[shape] The form of the letters within a font family. For example, + `italic', `oblique' and `upright' (sometimes called `roman') are all + font shapes. + \item[size] The design size of the font, for example `10pt'. If no - dimension is specified, `pt' is assumed. - + dimension is specified, `pt' is assumed. + \end{description} The possible values for these attributes are given short acronyms by \LaTeX. The most common values for the font encoding are: \begin{center} -\begin{minipage}{.7\linewidth} - \begin{tabular}{rl} + \begin{minipage}{.7\linewidth} + \begin{tabular}{rl} |OT1| & \TeX{} text \\ |T1| & \TeX{} extended text \\ |OML| & \TeX{} math italic \\ @@ -208,18 +205,18 @@ The possible values for these attributes are given short acronyms by |OMX| & \TeX{} math large symbols \\ |U| & Unknown \\ |L<xx>| & A local encoding - \end{tabular} -\end{minipage} + \end{tabular} + \end{minipage} \end{center} The `local' encodings are intended for font encodings which are only -locally available, for example a font containing an organization's -logo in various sizes. - +locally available, for example a font containing an organization's logo +in various sizes. + There are far too many font families to list them all, but some common ones are: \begin{center} -\begin{minipage}{.7\linewidth} - \begin{tabular}{rl} + \begin{minipage}{.7\linewidth} + \begin{tabular}{rl} |cmr| & Computer Modern Roman \\ |cmss| & Computer Modern Sans \\ |cmtt| & Computer Modern Typewriter \\ @@ -229,38 +226,38 @@ ones are: |ptm| & Adobe Times \\ |phv| & Adobe Helvetica \\ |pcr| & Adobe Courier - \end{tabular} -\end{minipage} + \end{tabular} + \end{minipage} \end{center} \NEWdescription{2019/07/10} The font series is denoting a combination of the weight (boldness) and -the width (amount of expansion). The standard supported for weights -and widths are: +the width (amount of expansion). The standard supported for weights and +widths are: \begin{center} %\begin{minipage}{.7\linewidth} - \begin{tabular}{rl} - |ul| & Ultra Light \\ - |el| & Extra Light \\ - |l| & Light \\ - |sl| & Semi Light \\ - |m| & Medium (normal)\\ - |sb| & Semi Bold \\ - |b| & Bold \\ - |eb| & Extra Bold \\ - |ub| & Ultra Bold \\ - \end{tabular} -\qquad - \begin{tabular}{rlr} - |uc| & Ultra Condensed & 50\% \\ - |ec| & Extra Condensed & 62.5\% \\ - |c| & Condensed & 75\% \\ - |sc| & Semi Condensed & 87.5\% \\ - |m| & Medium & 100\% \\ - |sx| & Semi Expanded & 112.5\% \\ - |x| & Expanded & 125\% \\ - |ex| & Extra Expanded & 150\% \\ - |ux| & Ultra Expanded & 200\% \\ - \end{tabular} + \begin{tabular}{rl} + |ul| & Ultra Light \\ + |el| & Extra Light \\ + |l| & Light \\ + |sl| & Semi Light \\ + |m| & Medium (normal)\\ + |sb| & Semi Bold \\ + |b| & Bold \\ + |eb| & Extra Bold \\ + |ub| & Ultra Bold \\ + \end{tabular} + \qquad + \begin{tabular}{rlr} + |uc| & Ultra Condensed & 50\% \\ + |ec| & Extra Condensed & 62.5\% \\ + |c| & Condensed & 75\% \\ + |sc| & Semi Condensed & 87.5\% \\ + |m| & Medium & 100\% \\ + |sx| & Semi Expanded & 112.5\% \\ + |x| & Expanded & 125\% \\ + |ex| & Extra Expanded & 150\% \\ + |ux| & Ultra Expanded & 200\% \\ + \end{tabular} \end{center} These are concatenated to a single series value except that |m| is dropped unless both weight and width are medium in which case a single @@ -268,56 +265,55 @@ dropped unless both weight and width are medium in which case a single Examples for series values are then: \begin{center} -\begin{minipage}{.7\linewidth} - \begin{tabular}{rl} - |m| & Medium weight and width \\ - |b| & Bold weight, medium width \\ - |bx| & Bold extended \\ - |sb| & Semi-bold, medium width\\ - |sbx| & Semi-bold extended\\ - |c| & Medium weight, condensed width - \end{tabular} -\end{minipage} + \begin{minipage}{.7\linewidth} + \begin{tabular}{rl} + |m| & Medium weight and width \\ + |b| & Bold weight, medium width \\ + |bx| & Bold extended \\ + |sb| & Semi-bold, medium width\\ + |sbx| & Semi-bold extended\\ + |c| & Medium weight, condensed width + \end{tabular} + \end{minipage} \end{center} \NEWdescription{2019/07/10} Note, that there are a large variety of names floating around like ``regular'', ``black'', ``demi-bold'', ``thin'', ``heavy'' and many -more. If at all possible they should be matched into the standard -naming scheme to allow for sensible default substitutions if -necessary, e.g., ``demi-bold'' is normally just another name for -``semi-bold'', so should get |sb| assigned, etc. +more. If at all possible they should be matched into the standard +naming scheme to allow for sensible default substitutions if necessary, +e.g., ``demi-bold'' is normally just another name for ``semi-bold'', so +should get |sb| assigned, etc. The most common values for the font shape are: \begin{center} -\begin{minipage}{.7\linewidth} - \begin{tabular}{rl} - |n| & Normal (that is `upright' or `roman') \\ - |it| & Italic \\ - |sl| & Slanted (or `oblique') \\ - |sc| & Caps and small caps - \end{tabular} -\end{minipage} + \begin{minipage}{.7\linewidth} + \begin{tabular}{rl} + |n| & Normal (that is `upright' or `roman') \\ + |it| & Italic \\ + |sl| & Slanted (or `oblique') \\ + |sc| & Caps and small caps + \end{tabular} + \end{minipage} \end{center} -The font size is specified as a dimension, for example |10pt| or -|1.5in| or |3mm|; if no unit is specified, |pt| is assumed. These five +The font size is specified as a dimension, for example |10pt| or |1.5in| +or |3mm|; if no unit is specified, |pt| is assumed. These five parameters specify every \LaTeX{} font, for example: \begin{center} - \begin{tabular}{@{}r@{\,}l@{\,}c@{\,}c@{\,}cc@{}r@{}} - \multicolumn{5}{@{}c}{\emph{\LaTeX{} specification}} & - \emph{Font} & - \emph{\TeX{} font name} \\ - |OT1| & |cmr| & |m| & |n| & |10| & - Computer Modern Roman 10 point & - |cmr10| \\ - |OT1| & |cmss| & |m| & |sl| & |1pc| & - Computer Modern Sans Oblique 1 pica & - |cmssi12| \\ - |OML| & |cmm| & |m| & |it| & |10pt| & - Computer Modern Math Italic 10 point & - |cmmi10| \\ - |T1| & |ptm| & |b| & |it| & |1in| & - Adobe Times Bold Italic 1 inch & - |ptmb8t at 1in| + \begin{tabular}{@{}r@{\,}l@{\,}c@{\,}c@{\,}cc@{}r@{}} + \multicolumn{5}{@{}c}{\emph{\LaTeX{} specification}} + & \emph{Font} & \emph{\TeX{} font name} \\ + |OT1| & |cmr| & |m| & |n| & |10| + & Computer Modern Roman 10 point + & |cmr10| \\ + |OT1| & |cmss| & |m| & |sl| & |1pc| + & Computer Modern Sans Oblique 1 pica + & |cmssi12| \\ + |OML| & |cmm| & |m| & |it| & |10pt| + & Computer Modern Math Italic 10 point + & |cmmi10| \\ + |T1| & |ptm| & |b| & |it| & |1in| + & Adobe Times Bold Italic 1 inch + & |ptmb8t at 1in| \end{tabular} \end{center} These five parameters are displayed whenever \LaTeX{} gives an overfull @@ -328,55 +324,54 @@ box warning, for example: \end{verbatim} The author commands for fonts set the five attributes: \begin{center} - \begin{tabular}{rcl} - \emph{Author command} & - \emph{Attribute} & - \emph{Value in} |article| \emph{class} \\ - |\textnormal{..}| or |\normalfont| & family & |cmr| \\ - |\textrm{..}| or |\rmfamily| & family & |cmr| \\ - |\textsf{..}| or |\sffamily| & family & |cmss| \\ - |\texttt{..}| or |\ttfamily| & family & |cmtt| \\ - |\textmd{..}| or |\mdseries| & series & |m| \\ - |\textbf{..}| or |\bfseries| & series & |bx| \\ - |\textup{..}| or |\upshape| & shape & |n| \\ - |\textit{..}| or |\itshape| & shape & |it| \\ - |\textsl{..}| or |\slshape| & shape & |sl| \\ - |\textsc{..}| or |\scshape| & shape & |sc| \\ - |\tiny| & size & |5pt| \\ - |\scriptsize| & size & |7pt| \\ - |\footnotesize| & size & |8pt| \\ - |\small| & size & |9pt| \\ - |\normalsize| & size & |10pt| \\ - |\large| & size & |12pt| \\ - |\Large| & size & |14.4pt| \\ - |\LARGE| & size & |17.28pt| \\ - |\huge| & size & |20.74pt| \\ - |\Huge| & size & |24.88pt| - \end{tabular} + \begin{tabular}{rcl} + \emph{Author command} & \emph{Attribute} + & \emph{Value in} |article| \emph{class} \\ + |\textnormal{..}| or |\normalfont| & family & |cmr| \\ + |\textrm{..}| or |\rmfamily| & family & |cmr| \\ + |\textsf{..}| or |\sffamily| & family & |cmss| \\ + |\texttt{..}| or |\ttfamily| & family & |cmtt| \\ + |\textmd{..}| or |\mdseries| & series & |m| \\ + |\textbf{..}| or |\bfseries| & series & |bx| \\ + |\textup{..}| or |\upshape| & shape & |n| \\ + |\textit{..}| or |\itshape| & shape & |it| \\ + |\textsl{..}| or |\slshape| & shape & |sl| \\ + |\textsc{..}| or |\scshape| & shape & |sc| \\ + |\tiny| & size & |5pt| \\ + |\scriptsize| & size & |7pt| \\ + |\footnotesize| & size & |8pt| \\ + |\small| & size & |9pt| \\ + |\normalsize| & size & |10pt| \\ + |\large| & size & |12pt| \\ + |\Large| & size & |14.4pt| \\ + |\LARGE| & size & |17.28pt| \\ + |\huge| & size & |20.74pt| \\ + |\Huge| & size & |24.88pt| + \end{tabular} \end{center} The values used by these commands are determined by the document class, using the parameters defined in Section~\ref{Sec:text.param}. - + Note that there are no author commands for selecting new encodings. These should be provided by packages, such as the |fontenc| package. - + This section does not explain how \LaTeX{} font specifications are turned into \TeX{} font names. This is described in Section~\ref{Sec:install}. - + \subsection{Selection commands} - + The low-level commands used to select a text font are as follows. - + \begin{decl} -|\fontencoding| \arg{encoding} \\ -|\fontfamily| \arg{family}\\ -|\fontseries| \arg{series}\\ -|\fontshape| \arg{shape}\\ -|\fontsize| \arg{size} \arg{baselineskip}\\ -|\linespread| \arg{factor} + |\fontencoding| \arg{encoding} \\ + |\fontfamily| \arg{family} \\ + |\fontseries| \arg{series} \\ + |\fontshape| \arg{shape} \\ + |\fontsize| \arg{size} \arg{baselineskip} \\ + |\linespread| \arg{factor} \end{decl} - + \NEWdescription{1998/12/01} Each of the commands starting with |\font...| sets one of the font attributes; |\fontsize| also sets |\baselineskip|. The |\linespread| @@ -387,17 +382,15 @@ values greater one). The actual font in use is not altered by these commands, but the current attributes are used to determine which font and baseline skip to use after the next |\selectfont| command. - \begin{decl} -|\selectfont| + |\selectfont| \end{decl} Selects a text font, based on the current values of the font attributes. - -\emph{Warning}: There \emph{must} be a |\selectfont| command -immediately after any settings of the font parameters by (some of) -the six commands above, before any following text. -For example, it is legal to say: + +\emph{Warning}: There \emph{must} be a |\selectfont| command immediately +after any settings of the font parameters by (some of) the six commands +above, before any following text. For example, it is legal to say: \begin{verbatim} \fontfamily{ptm}\fontseries{b}\selectfont Some text. \end{verbatim} @@ -407,38 +400,36 @@ but it is \emph{not} legal to say: \end{verbatim} You may get unexpected results if you put text between a |\font<parameter>| command (or |\linespread|) and a |\selectfont|. - + \begin{decl} -|\usefont| \arg{encoding} \arg{family} \arg{series} \arg{shape} + |\usefont| \arg{encoding} \arg{family} \arg{series} \arg{shape} \end{decl} -A short hand for the equivalent |\font...| commands followed by a -call to |\selectfont|. - - +A short hand for the equivalent |\font...| commands followed by a call +to |\selectfont|. + \subsection{Internals} - + The current values of the font attributes are held in internal macros. - + \begin{decl} - |\f@encoding| \\ - |\f@family| \\ - |\f@series| \\ - |\f@shape| \\ - |\f@size| \\ - |\f@baselineskip| \\ - |\tf@size| \\ - |\sf@size| \\ - |\ssf@size| + |\f@encoding| \\ + |\f@family| \\ + |\f@series| \\ + |\f@shape| \\ + |\f@size| \\ + |\f@baselineskip| \\ + |\tf@size| \\ + |\sf@size| \\ + |\ssf@size| \end{decl} - + These hold the current values of the encoding, the family, the series, -the shape, the size, the baseline skip, the main math size, the -`script' math size and the `scriptscript' math size. The last three -are accessible only within a formula; outside of math they may contain +the shape, the size, the baseline skip, the main math size, the `script' +math size and the `scriptscript' math size. The last three are +accessible only within a formula; outside of math they may contain arbitrary values. - -For example, to set the size to 12 without -changing the baseline skip: + +For example, to set the size to 12 without changing the baseline skip: \begin{verbatim} \fontsize{12}{\f@baselineskip} \end{verbatim} @@ -446,10 +437,10 @@ However, you should \emph{never} alter the values of the internal commands directly; they must only be modified using the low-level commands like |\fontfamily|, |\fontseries|, etc. If you disobey this warning you might produce code that loops. - + \subsection{Parameters for author commands} \label{Sec:text.param} - + The parameter values set by author commands such as |\textrm| and |\rmfamily|, etc.\ are not hard-wired into \LaTeX; instead these commands use the values of a number of parameters set by the document @@ -462,114 +453,110 @@ specifies: \renewcommand{\sfdefault}{phv} \renewcommand{\ttdefault}{pcr} \end{verbatim} - + \begin{decl} - |\encodingdefault| \\ - |\familydefault| \\ - |\seriesdefault| \\ - |\shapedefault| + |\encodingdefault| \\ + |\familydefault| \\ + |\seriesdefault| \\ + |\shapedefault| \end{decl} The encoding, family, series and shape of the main body font. By -default these are |OT1|, |\rmdefault|, |m| and |n|. Note that since -the default family is |\rmdefault|, this means that changing -|\rmdefault| will change the main body font of the document. - +default these are |OT1|, |\rmdefault|, |m| and |n|. Note that since the +default family is |\rmdefault|, this means that changing |\rmdefault| +will change the main body font of the document. + \begin{decl} - |\rmdefault| \\ - |\sfdefault| \\ - |\ttdefault| + |\rmdefault| \\ + |\sfdefault| \\ + |\ttdefault| \end{decl} -The families selected by |\textrm|, |\rmfamily|, |\textsf|, -|\sffamily|, |\texttt| and |\ttfamily|. By default these are |cmr|, -|cmss| and |cmtt|. - +The families selected by |\textrm|, |\rmfamily|, |\textsf|, |\sffamily|, +|\texttt| and |\ttfamily|. By default these are |cmr|, |cmss| and +|cmtt|. + \begin{decl} - |\bfdefault| \\ - |\mddefault| + |\bfdefault| \\ + |\mddefault| \end{decl} The series selected by |\textbf|, |\bfseries|, |\textmd| and -|\mdseries|. By default these are |bx| and |m|. -These values are suitable for the default families used. If other -fonts are used as standard document fonts (for example, certain -PostScript fonts) it might be necessary to adjust the value of -|\bfdefault| to |b| since only a few such families have a `bold -extended' series. An alternative (taken for the fonts provided by -|psnfss|) is to define silent substitutions from |bx| series to |b| -series with special |\DeclareFontShape| declarations and the |ssub| -size function, see Section~\ref{sec:sizefunct}. - - +|\mdseries|. By default these are |bx| and |m|. These values are +suitable for the default families used. If other fonts are used as +standard document fonts (for example, certain PostScript fonts) it might +be necessary to adjust the value of |\bfdefault| to |b| since only a few +such families have a `bold extended' series. An alternative (taken for +the fonts provided by |psnfss|) is to define silent substitutions from +|bx| series to |b| series with special |\DeclareFontShape| declarations +and the |ssub| size function, see Section~\ref{sec:sizefunct}. + \begin{decl} - |\itdefault| \\ - |\sldefault| \\ - |\scdefault| \\ - |\updefault| + |\itdefault| \\ + |\sldefault| \\ + |\scdefault| \\ + |\updefault| \end{decl} The shapes selected by |\textit|, |\itshape|, |\textsl|, |\slshape|, |\textsc|, |\scshape|, |\textup| and |\upshape|. By default these are |it|, |sl|, |sc| and |n|. - + Note that there are no parameters for the size commands. These should be defined directly in class files, for example: \begin{verbatim} \renewcommand{\normalsize}{\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont} \end{verbatim} More elaborate examples (setting additional parameters when the text -size is changed) can be found in |classes.dtx| the source -documentation for the classes |article|, |report|, and |book|. - - +size is changed) can be found in |classes.dtx| the source documentation +for the classes |article|, |report|, and |book|. + \subsection{Special font declaration commands} - + \begin{decl} -|\DeclareFixedFont| \arg{cmd} \arg{encoding} \arg{family} \arg{series} - \arg{shape} \arg{size} + |\DeclareFixedFont| \arg{cmd} \arg{encoding} \arg{family} \arg{series} + \arg{shape} \arg{size} \end{decl} - -Declares command \m{cmd} to be a font switch which selects the font -that is specified by the attributes \m{encoding}, \m{family}, -\m{series}, \m{shape}, and \m{size}. - + +Declares command \m{cmd} to be a font switch which selects the font that +is specified by the attributes \m{encoding}, \m{family}, \m{series}, +\m{shape}, and \m{size}. + The font is selected without any adjustments to baselineskip and other surrounding conditions. - + This example makes |{\picturechar .}| select a small dot very quickly: \begin{verbatim} \DeclareFixedFont{\picturechar}{OT1}{cmr}{m}{n}{5} \end{verbatim} - - + \begin{decl} |\DeclareTextFontCommand| \arg{cmd} \arg{font-switches} \end{decl} - -Declares command \m{cmd} to be a font command with one argument. -The current font attributes are locally modified by \m{font-switches} -and then the argument of \m{cmd} is typeset in the resulting new font. - -Commands defined by |\DeclareTextFontCommand| automatically take care -of any necessary italic correction (on either side). - + +Declares command \m{cmd} to be a font command with one argument. The +current font attributes are locally modified by \m{font-switches} and +then the argument of \m{cmd} is typeset in the resulting new font. + +Commands defined by |\DeclareTextFontCommand| automatically take care of +any necessary italic correction (on either side). + The following example shows how |\textrm| is defined by the kernel. \begin{verbatim} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textrm}{\rmfamily} \end{verbatim} - -To define a command that always typeset its argument in the italic -shape of the main document font you could declare: + +To define a command that always typeset its argument in the italic shape +of the main document font you could declare: \begin{verbatim} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\normalit}{\normalfont\itshape} \end{verbatim} - + This declaration can be used to change the meaning of a command; if -\m{cmd} is already defined, a log that it has been redefined -is put in the transcript file. - +\m{cmd} is already defined, a log that it has been redefined is put in +the transcript file. + \begin{decl} -|\DeclareOldFontCommand| \arg{cmd} \arg{text-switch} - \arg{math-switch} + |\DeclareOldFontCommand| \arg{cmd} \arg{text-switch} + \arg{math-switch} \end{decl} - + Declares command \m{cmd} to be a font switch (i.e.~used with the syntax |{<cmd>...}|) having the definition \m{text-switch} when used in text and the definition \m{math-switch} when used in a @@ -578,11 +565,11 @@ Math alphabet commands, like |\mathit|, when used within \m{math-switch} should not have an argument. Their use in this argument causes their semantics to change so that they here act as a font switch, as required by the usage of the \m{cmd}. - + This declaration is useful for setting up commands like |\rm| to behave as they did in \LaTeX~2.09. We strongly urge you \emph{not} to misuse this declaration to invent new font commands. - + The following example defines |\it| to produce the italic shape of the main document font if used in text and to switch to the font that would normally be produced by the math alphabet |\mathit| if used in a @@ -590,170 +577,166 @@ formula. \begin{verbatim} \DeclareOldFontCommand{\it}{\normalfont\itshape}{\mathit} \end{verbatim} - + This declaration can be used to change the meaning of a command; if -\m{cmd} is already defined, a log that it has been redefined -is put in the transcript file. - - +\m{cmd} is already defined, a log that it has been redefined is put in +the transcript file. + + \section{Math fonts} \label{Sec:math} - + This section describes the commands available to class and package writers for specifying math fonts and math commands. - + \subsection{Math font attributes} - + The selection of fonts within math mode is quite different to that of text fonts. - -Some math fonts are selected explicitly by one-argument commands such -as |\mathsf{max}| or |\mathbf{vec}|; such fonts are called \emph{math -alphabets}. These math alphabet commands affect only the font used + +Some math fonts are selected explicitly by one-argument commands such as +|\mathsf{max}| or |\mathbf{vec}|; such fonts are called \emph{math + alphabets}. These math alphabet commands affect only the font used for letters and symbols of type |\mathalpha| (see -Section~\ref{Sec:math.commands}); other symbols within the argument -will be left unchanged. The predefined math alphabets are: +Section~\ref{Sec:math.commands}); other symbols within the argument will +be left unchanged. The predefined math alphabets are: \begin{center} - \begin{tabular}{ccc} - \emph{Alphabet} & \emph{Description} & \emph{Example} \\ - |\mathnormal| & default & $abcXYZ$ \\ - |\mathrm| & roman & $\mathrm{abcXYZ}$ \\ - |\mathbf| & bold roman & $\mathbf{abcXYZ}$ \\ - |\mathsf| & sans serif & $\mathsf{abcXYZ}$ \\ - |\mathit| & text italic & $\mathit{abcXYZ}$ \\ - |\mathtt| & typewriter & $\mathtt{abcXYZ}$ \\ - |\mathcal| & calligraphic & $\mathcal{XYZ}$ - \end{tabular} + \begin{tabular}{ccc} + \emph{Alphabet} & \emph{Description} & \emph{Example} \\ + |\mathnormal| & default & $abcXYZ$ \\ + |\mathrm| & roman & $\mathrm{abcXYZ}$ \\ + |\mathbf| & bold roman & $\mathbf{abcXYZ}$ \\ + |\mathsf| & sans serif & $\mathsf{abcXYZ}$ \\ + |\mathit| & text italic & $\mathit{abcXYZ}$ \\ + |\mathtt| & typewriter & $\mathtt{abcXYZ}$ \\ + |\mathcal| & calligraphic & $\mathcal{XYZ}$ + \end{tabular} \end{center} Other math fonts are selected implicitly by \TeX{} for symbols, with commands such as |\oplus| (producing $\oplus$) or with straight characters like |>>| or |+|. Fonts containing such math symbols are -called \emph{math symbol fonts}. The predefined math symbol fonts -are: +called \emph{math symbol fonts}. The predefined math symbol fonts are: \begin{center} - \begin{tabular}{ccc} - \emph{Symbol font} & \emph{Description} & \emph{Example} \\ - |operators| & symbols from |\mathrm| & $[\;+\;]$ \\ - |letters| & symbols from |\mathnormal| & $<<\star>>$ \\ - |symbols| & most \LaTeX{} symbols & $\leq*\geq$ \\ - |largesymbols| & large symbols & $\sum\prod\int$ + \begin{tabular}{ccc} + \emph{Symbol font} & \emph{Description} & \emph{Example} \\ + |operators| & symbols from |\mathrm| & $[\;+\;]$ \\ + |letters| & symbols from |\mathnormal| & $<<\star>>$ \\ + |symbols| & most \LaTeX{} symbols & $\leq*\geq$ \\ + |largesymbols| & large symbols & $\sum\prod\int$ \end{tabular} \end{center} Some math fonts are both \emph{math alphabets} and \emph{math symbol -fonts}, for example |\mathrm| and |operators| are the same font, and + fonts}, for example |\mathrm| and |operators| are the same font, and |\mathnormal| and |letters| are the same font. - + Math fonts in \LaTeX{} have the same five attributes as text fonts: encoding, family, series, shape and size. However, there are no -commands that allow the attributes to be individually changed. -Instead, the conversion from math fonts to these five attributes is -controlled by the \emph{math version}. For example, the |normal| math -version maps: +commands that allow the attributes to be individually changed. Instead, +the conversion from math fonts to these five attributes is controlled by +the \emph{math version}. For example, the |normal| math version maps: \begin{center} - \begin{tabular}{rlc@{ }c@{ }c@{ }c} - \multicolumn{2}{c}{\emph{Math font}} & - \multicolumn{4}{c}{\emph{External font}} \\ - \emph{Alphabets} & \emph{Symbol fonts} & - \multicolumn{4}{c}{\emph{Attributes}} \\ - |\mathnormal| & |letters| & |OML| & |cmm| & |m| & |it| \\ - |\mathrm| & |operators| & |OT1| & |cmr| & |m| & |n| \\ - |\mathcal| & |symbols| & |OMS| & |cmsy| & |m| & |n| \\ - & |largesymbols| & |OMX| & |cmex| & |m| & |n| \\ - |\mathbf| & & |OT1| & |cmr| & |bx| & |n| \\ - |\mathsf| & & |OT1| & |cmss| & |m| & |n| \\ - |\mathit| & & |OT1| & |cmr| & |m| & |it| \\ - |\mathtt| & & |OT1| & |cmtt| & |m| & |n| - \end{tabular} + \begin{tabular}{rlc@{ }c@{ }c@{ }c} + \multicolumn{2}{c}{\emph{Math font}} & + \multicolumn{4}{c}{\emph{External font}} \\ + \emph{Alphabets} & \emph{Symbol fonts} & + \multicolumn{4}{c}{\emph{Attributes}} \\ + |\mathnormal| & |letters| & |OML| & |cmm| & |m| & |it| \\ + |\mathrm| & |operators| & |OT1| & |cmr| & |m| & |n| \\ + |\mathcal| & |symbols| & |OMS| & |cmsy| & |m| & |n| \\ + & |largesymbols| & |OMX| & |cmex| & |m| & |n| \\ + |\mathbf| & & |OT1| & |cmr| & |bx| & |n| \\ + |\mathsf| & & |OT1| & |cmss| & |m| & |n| \\ + |\mathit| & & |OT1| & |cmr| & |m| & |it| \\ + |\mathtt| & & |OT1| & |cmtt| & |m| & |n| + \end{tabular} \end{center} The |bold| math version is similar except that it contains bold fonts. The command |\boldmath| selects the |bold| math version. - + Math versions can only be changed outside of math mode. - + The two predefined math versions are: \begin{center} - \begin{tabular}{rl} - |normal| & the default math version \\ - |bold| & the bold math version - \end{tabular} + \begin{tabular}{rl} + |normal| & the default math version \\ + |bold| & the bold math version + \end{tabular} \end{center} Packages may define new math alphabets, math symbol fonts, and math versions. This section describes the commands for writing such packages. - + \subsection{Selection commands} - + There are no commands for selecting symbol fonts. Instead, these are selected indirectly through symbol commands like |\oplus|. Section~\ref{Sec:math.commands} explains how to define symbol commands. - + \begin{decl} - |\mathnormal{<math>}|\\ - |\mathcal{<math>}|\\ - |\mathrm{<math>}|\\ - |\mathbf{<math>}|\\ - |\mathsf{<math>}|\\ - |\mathit{<math>}|\\ - |\mathtt{<math>}| + |\mathnormal{<math>}| \\ + |\mathcal{<math>}| \\ + |\mathrm{<math>}| \\ + |\mathbf{<math>}| \\ + |\mathsf{<math>}| \\ + |\mathit{<math>}| \\ + |\mathtt{<math>}| \end{decl} -Each math alphabet is a command which can only be used inside math -mode. For example, |$x + \mathsf{y} + \mathcal{Z}$| produces $x + -\mathsf{y} + \mathcal{Z}$. - +Each math alphabet is a command which can only be used inside math mode. +For example, |$x + \mathsf{y} + \mathcal{Z}$| produces +$x + \mathsf{y} + \mathcal{Z}$. + \begin{decl} -|\mathversion{<version>}| + |\mathversion{<version>}| \end{decl} This command selects a math version; it can only be used outside math mode. For example, |\boldmath| is defined to be |\mathversion{bold}|. - + \subsection{Declaring math versions} - + \begin{decl} -|\DeclareMathVersion| \arg{version} + |\DeclareMathVersion| \arg{version} \end{decl} - + Defines \m{version} to be a math version. - + The newly declared version is initialized with the defaults for all symbol fonts and math alphabets declared so far (see the commands |\DeclareSymbolFont| and |\DeclareMathAlphabet|). - + If used on an already existing version, an information message is written to the transcript file and all previous |\SetSymbolFont| or -|\SetMathAlphabet| declarations for this version are overwritten by -the math alphabet and symbol font defaults, i.e.~one ends up with a -virgin math version. - +|\SetMathAlphabet| declarations for this version are overwritten by the +math alphabet and symbol font defaults, i.e.~one ends up with a virgin +math version. + Example: \begin{verbatim} \DeclareMathVersion{normal} \end{verbatim} - - + \subsection{Declaring math alphabets} \begin{decl} -|\DeclareMathAlphabet| \arg{math-alph} \arg{encoding} \arg{family} - \arg{series} \arg{shape} + |\DeclareMathAlphabet| \arg{math-alph} \arg{encoding} \arg{family} + \arg{series} \arg{shape} \end{decl} - + \NEWdescription{1997/12/01} If this is the first declaration for \m{math-alph} then a new math alphabet with this as its command name is created. - + The arguments \m{encoding} \m{family} \m{series} \m{shape} are used to set, or reset, the default values for this math alphabet in all math versions; if required, these must be further reset later for a particular math version by a |\SetMathAlphabet| command. If \m{shape} is empty then this \m{math-alph} is declared to be invalid -in all versions, unless it is set by a later |\SetMathAlphabet| -command for a particular math version. +in all versions, unless it is set by a later |\SetMathAlphabet| command +for a particular math version. -Checks that the command \m{math-alph} is either already a math -alphabet command or is undefined; and that \m{encoding} is a known -encoding scheme, i.e., has been previously declared. - +Checks that the command \m{math-alph} is either already a math alphabet +command or is undefined; and that \m{encoding} is a known encoding +scheme, i.e., has been previously declared. In these examples, |\foo| is defined for all math versions but |\baz|, by default, is defined nowhere. @@ -761,53 +744,50 @@ by default, is defined nowhere. \DeclareMathAlphabet{\foo}{OT1}{cmtt}{m}{n} \DeclareMathAlphabet{\baz}{OT1}{}{}{} \end{verbatim} - - + + \begin{decl} -|\SetMathAlphabet| \arg{math-alph} \arg{version}\\ - \null\hfill\arg{encoding} \arg{family} \arg{series} \arg{shape} + |\SetMathAlphabet| \arg{math-alph} \arg{version}\\ + \null\hfill \arg{encoding} \arg{family} \arg{series} \arg{shape} \end{decl} - + Changes, or sets, the font for the math alphabet \m{math-alph} in math version \m{version} to \m{encoding}\m{family}\m{series}\m{shape}. - -Checks that \m{math-alph} has been declared as a math alphabet, -\m{version} is a known math version and \m{encoding} is a known -encoding scheme. - + +Checks that \m{math-alph} has been declared as a math alphabet, +\m{version} is a known math version and \m{encoding} is a known encoding +scheme. This example defines |\baz| for the `normal' math version only: \begin{verbatim} \SetMathAlphabet{\baz}{normal}{OT1}{cmss}{m}{n} \end{verbatim} - + Note that this declaration is not used for all math alphabets: -Section~\ref{sec:symalph} describes |\DeclareSymbolFontAlphabet|, -which is used to set up math alphabets contained in fonts which have -been declared as symbol fonts. - - +Section~\ref{sec:symalph} describes |\DeclareSymbolFontAlphabet|, which +is used to set up math alphabets contained in fonts which have been +declared as symbol fonts. + \subsection{Declaring symbol fonts} \label{sec:symalph} - + \begin{decl} -|\DeclareSymbolFont| \arg{sym-font} \arg{encoding} \arg{family} - \arg{series} \arg{shape} + |\DeclareSymbolFont| \arg{sym-font} \arg{encoding} \arg{family} + \arg{series} \arg{shape} \end{decl} - + \NEWdescription{1997/12/01} -If this is the first declaration for \m{sym-font} then a new -symbol font with this name is created (i.e.~this identifier is assigned -to a new \TeX{} math group). - +If this is the first declaration for \m{sym-font} then a new symbol font +with this name is created (i.e.~this identifier is assigned to a new +\TeX{} math group). + The arguments \m{encoding} \m{family} \m{series} \m{shape} are used to set, or reset. the default values for this symbol font in \emph{all} -math versions; if required, these must be further reset later for -a particular math version by a |\SetSymbolFont| command. - +math versions; if required, these must be further reset later for a +particular math version by a |\SetSymbolFont| command. + Checks that \m{encoding} is a declared encoding scheme. - - + For example, the following sets up the first four standard math symbol fonts: \begin{verbatim} @@ -816,125 +796,119 @@ fonts: \DeclareSymbolFont{symbols}{OMS}{cmsy}{m}{n} \DeclareSymbolFont{largesymbols}{OMX}{cmex}{m}{n} \end{verbatim} - - + \begin{decl} -|\SetSymbolFont| \arg{sym-font} \arg{version}\\ - \null\hfill \arg{encoding} \arg{family} \arg{series} \arg{shape} + |\SetSymbolFont| \arg{sym-font} \arg{version}\\ + \null\hfill \arg{encoding} \arg{family} \arg{series} \arg{shape} \end{decl} - -Changes the symbol font \m{sym-font} for math version \m{version} -to \m{encoding} \m{family} \m{series} \m{shape}. - -Checks that \m{sym-font} has been declared as a symbol font, -\m{version} is a known math version and \m{encoding} is a -declared encoding scheme. - - -For example, the following come from the set up of the `bold' -math version: + +Changes the symbol font \m{sym-font} for math version \m{version} to +\m{encoding} \m{family} \m{series} \m{shape}. + +Checks that \m{sym-font} has been declared as a symbol font, \m{version} +is a known math version and \m{encoding} is a declared encoding scheme. + +For example, the following come from the set up of the `bold' math +version: \begin{verbatim} \SetSymbolFont{operators}{bold}{OT1}{cmr}{bx}{n} \SetSymbolFont{letters}{bold}{OML}{cmm}{b}{it} \end{verbatim} - - + + \begin{decl} -|\DeclareSymbolFontAlphabet| \arg{math-alph} \arg{sym-font} + |\DeclareSymbolFontAlphabet| \arg{math-alph} \arg{sym-font} \end{decl} - + \NEWdescription{1997/12/01} -Allows the previously declared symbol font \m{sym-font} to be the -math alphabet with command \m{math-alph} in \emph{all} math versions. - +Allows the previously declared symbol font \m{sym-font} to be the math +alphabet with command \m{math-alph} in \emph{all} math versions. + Checks that the command \m{math-alph} is either already a math alphabet command or is undefined; and that \m{sym-font} is a symbol font. - Example: \begin{verbatim} \DeclareSymbolFontAlphabet{\mathrm}{operators} \DeclareSymbolFontAlphabet{\mathcal}{symbols} \end{verbatim} - -This declaration should be used in preference to -|\DeclareMathAlphabet| and |\SetMathAlphabet| when a math alphabet is -the same as a symbol font; this is because it makes better use of the -limited number (only 16) of \TeX's math groups. - + +This declaration should be used in preference to |\DeclareMathAlphabet| +and |\SetMathAlphabet| when a math alphabet is the same as a symbol +font; this is because it makes better use of the limited number (only +16) of \TeX's math groups. + \NEWdescription{1997/12/01} Note that, whereas a \TeX{} math group is allocated to each symbol font -when it is first declared, a math alphabet uses a \TeX{} math group -only when its command is used within a math formula. - +when it is first declared, a math alphabet uses a \TeX{} math group only +when its command is used within a math formula. \subsection{Declaring math symbols} \label{Sec:math.commands} - + \begin{decl} -|\DeclareMathSymbol| \arg{symbol} \arg{type} \arg{sym-font} - \arg{slot} + |\DeclareMathSymbol| \arg{symbol} \arg{type} \arg{sym-font} + \arg{slot} \end{decl} - + The \m{symbol} can be either a single character such as `|>>|', or a macro name, such as |\sum|. - -Defines the \m{symbol} to be a math symbol of type -\m{type} in slot \m{slot} of symbol font \m{sym-font}. The -\m{type} can be given as a number or as a command: + +Defines the \m{symbol} to be a math symbol of type \m{type} in slot +\m{slot} of symbol font \m{sym-font}. The \m{type} can be given as a +number or as a command: \begin{center} - \begin{tabular}{ccc} - \emph{Type} & \emph{Meaning} & \emph{Example} \\ - |0| or |\mathord | & Ordinary & $\alpha$ \\ - |1| or |\mathop | & Large operator & $\sum$ \\ - |2| or |\mathbin | & Binary operation & $\times$ \\ - |3| or |\mathrel | & Relation & $\leq$ \\ - |4| or |\mathopen | & Opening & $\langle$ \\ - |5| or |\mathclose| & Closing & $\rangle$ \\ - |6| or |\mathpunct| & Punctuation & $;$ \\ - |7| or |\mathalpha| & Alphabet character & $A$ - \end{tabular} + \begin{tabular}{ccc} + \emph{Type} & \emph{Meaning} & \emph{Example} \\ + |0| or |\mathord | & Ordinary & $\alpha$ \\ + |1| or |\mathop | & Large operator & $\sum$ \\ + |2| or |\mathbin | & Binary operation & $\times$ \\ + |3| or |\mathrel | & Relation & $\leq$ \\ + |4| or |\mathopen | & Opening & $\langle$ \\ + |5| or |\mathclose| & Closing & $\rangle$ \\ + |6| or |\mathpunct| & Punctuation & $;$ \\ + |7| or |\mathalpha| & Alphabet character & $A$ + \end{tabular} \end{center} Only symbols of type |\mathalpha| will be affected by math alphabet commands: within the argument of a math alphabet command they will produce the character in slot \m{slot} of that math alphabet's font. -Symbols of other types will always produce the same symbol -(within one math version). - +Symbols of other types will always produce the same symbol (within one +math version). + |\DeclareMathSymbol| allows a macro \m{symbol} to be redefined only if -it was previously defined to be a math symbol. It also checks that -the \m{sym-font} is a declared symbol font. - +it was previously defined to be a math symbol. It also checks that the +\m{sym-font} is a declared symbol font. + Example: \begin{verbatim} \DeclareMathSymbol{\alpha}{0}{letters}{"0B} \DeclareMathSymbol{\lessdot}{\mathbin}{AMSb}{"0C} \DeclareMathSymbol{\alphld}{\mathalpha}{AMSb}{"0C} \end{verbatim} - + \begin{decl} - |\DeclareMathDelimiter| \arg{cmd} \arg{type} - \arg{sym-font-1} \arg{slot-1}\\ - \null\hfill \arg{sym-font-2} \arg{slot-2} + |\DeclareMathDelimiter| \arg{cmd} \arg{type} + \arg{sym-font-1} \arg{slot-1}\\ + \null\hfill \arg{sym-font-2} \arg{slot-2} \end{decl} Defines \m{cmd} to be a math delimiter where the small variant is in -slot \m{slot-1} of symbol font \m{sym-font-1} and the large -variant is in slot \m{slot-2} of symbol font \m{sym-font-2}. -Both symbol fonts must have been declared previously. - +slot \m{slot-1} of symbol font \m{sym-font-1} and the large variant is +in slot \m{slot-2} of symbol font \m{sym-font-2}. Both symbol fonts +must have been declared previously. + Checks that \m{sym-font-i} are both declared symbol fonts. - -If \TeX{} is not looking for a delimiter, \m{cmd} is treated just as -if it had been defined with |\DeclareMathSymbol| using -\m{type}, \m{sym-font-1} and \m{slot-1}. In other words, if a -command is defined as a delimiter then this automatically defines it -as a math symbol. + +If \TeX{} is not looking for a delimiter, \m{cmd} is treated just as if +it had been defined with |\DeclareMathSymbol| using \m{type}, +\m{sym-font-1} and \m{slot-1}. In other words, if a command is defined +as a delimiter then this automatically defines it as a math symbol. \NEWdescription{1998/06/01} In case \m{cmd} is a single character such as `|[|', the same syntax is used. Previously the \arg{type} argument was not present (and thus the corresponding math symbol declaration had to be provided separately). - + Example: \begin{verbatim} \DeclareMathDelimiter{\langle}{\mathopen}{symbols}{"68} @@ -942,163 +916,158 @@ Example: \DeclareMathDelimiter{(} {\mathopen}{operators}{"28} {largesymbols}{"00} \end{verbatim} - - + + \begin{decl} -|\DeclareMathAccent| \arg{cmd} \arg{type} \arg{sym-font} \arg{slot} + |\DeclareMathAccent| \arg{cmd} \arg{type} \arg{sym-font} \arg{slot} \end{decl} - + Defines \m{cmd} to act as a math accent. - -The accent character comes from slot \m{slot} in -\m{sym-font}. The \m{type} can be either -|\mathord| or |\mathalpha|; in the latter case the accent character -changes font when used in a math alphabet. - + +The accent character comes from slot \m{slot} in \m{sym-font}. The +\m{type} can be either |\mathord| or |\mathalpha|; in the latter case +the accent character changes font when used in a math alphabet. + Example: \begin{verbatim} \DeclareMathAccent{\acute}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"13} \DeclareMathAccent{\vec}{\mathord}{letters}{"7E} \end{verbatim} - - + + \begin{decl} -|\DeclareMathRadical| \arg{cmd} - \arg{sym-font-1} \arg{slot-1}\\ - \null\hfill \arg{sym-font-2} \arg{slot-2} + |\DeclareMathRadical| \arg{cmd} + \arg{sym-font-1} \arg{slot-1}\\ + \null\hfill \arg{sym-font-2} \arg{slot-2} \end{decl} - -Defines \m{cmd} to be a radical where the small variant is in -slot \m{slot-1} of symbol font \m{sym-font-1} and the -large variant is in slot \m{slot-2} of symbol font -\m{sym-font-2}. Both symbol fonts must have been declared -previously. - + +Defines \m{cmd} to be a radical where the small variant is in slot +\m{slot-1} of symbol font \m{sym-font-1} and the large variant is in +slot \m{slot-2} of symbol font \m{sym-font-2}. Both symbol fonts must +have been declared previously. + Example (probably the only use for it!): \begin{verbatim} \DeclareMathRadical{\sqrt}{symbols}{"70}{largesymbols}{"70} \end{verbatim} - + \subsection{Declaring math sizes} - + \begin{decl} -|\DeclareMathSizes| \arg{t-size} \arg{mt-size} \arg{s-size} - \arg{ss-size} + |\DeclareMathSizes| \arg{t-size} \arg{mt-size} \arg{s-size} + \arg{ss-size} \end{decl} - + Declares that \m{mt-size} is the (main) math text size, \m{s-size} is -the `script' size and \m{ss-size} the `scriptscript' size to be used -in math, when \m{t-size} is the current text size. For text sizes for -which no such declaration is given the `script' and `scriptscript' -size will be calculated and then fonts are loaded for the calculated -sizes or the best approximation (this may result in a warning -message). - -Normally, \m{t-size} and \m{mt-size} will be identical; however, if, -for example, PostScript text fonts are mixed with bit-map math fonts -then you may not have available a \m{mt-size} for every \m{t-size}. - +the `script' size and \m{ss-size} the `scriptscript' size to be used in +math, when \m{t-size} is the current text size. For text sizes for which +no such declaration is given the `script' and `scriptscript' size will +be calculated and then fonts are loaded for the calculated sizes or the +best approximation (this may result in a warning message). + +Normally, \m{t-size} and \m{mt-size} will be identical; however, if, for +example, PostScript text fonts are mixed with bit-map math fonts then +you may not have available a \m{mt-size} for every \m{t-size}. + Example: \begin{verbatim} \DeclareMathSizes{13.82}{14.4}{10}{7} \end{verbatim} - + \section{Font installation} \label{Sec:install} - + This section explains how \LaTeX's font attributes are turned into \TeX{} font specifications. - + \subsection{Font definition files} - + \NEWdescription{1997/12/01} The description of how \LaTeX{} font attributes are turned into \TeX{} fonts is usually kept in a \emph{font definition file} (|.fd|). The -file for family \m{family} in encoding \m{ENC} must be -called |<enc><family>.fd|: for example, |ot1cmr.fd| for Computer -Modern Roman with encoding |OT1| or |t1ptm.fd| for Adobe Times with -encoding |T1|. Note that encoding names are converted to lowercase -when used as part of file names. - -Whenever \LaTeX{} encounters an encoding/family combination that it -does not know (e.g.~if the document designer says +file for family \m{family} in encoding \m{ENC} must be called +|<enc><family>.fd|: for example, |ot1cmr.fd| for Computer Modern Roman +with encoding |OT1| or |t1ptm.fd| for Adobe Times with encoding |T1|. +Note that encoding names are converted to lowercase when used as part of +file names. + +Whenever \LaTeX{} encounters an encoding/family combination that it does +not know (e.g.~if the document designer says |\fontfamily{ptm}\selectfont|) then \LaTeX{} attempts to load the appropriate |.fd| file. ``Not known'' means: there was no |\DeclareFontFamily| declaration issued for this encoding/family -combination. If the |.fd| file could not be found, a warning is -issued and font substitutions are made. - -The declarations in the font definition file are responsible for -telling \LaTeX{} how to load fonts for that encoding/family -combination. - +combination. If the |.fd| file could not be found, a warning is issued +and font substitutions are made. + +The declarations in the font definition file are responsible for telling +\LaTeX{} how to load fonts for that encoding/family combination. + \subsection{Font definition file commands} - -\emph{Note}: A font definition file should contain only commands -from this subsection. + +\emph{Note}: A font definition file should contain only commands from +this subsection. Note that these commands can also be used outside a font definition -file: they can be put in package or class files, or even in the -preamble of a document. - +file: they can be put in package or class files, or even in the preamble +of a document. + \begin{decl} - |\ProvidesFile{<file-name>}[<release-info>]| + |\ProvidesFile{<file-name>}[<release-info>]| \end{decl} -The file should announce itself with a |\ProvidesFile| command, -as described in \emph{\clsguide}. For example: +The file should announce itself with a |\ProvidesFile| command, as +described in \emph{\clsguide}. For example: \begin{verbatim} \ProvidesFile{t1ptm.fd}[1994/06/01 Adobe Times font definitions] \end{verbatim} - + Spaces within the arguments specific to font definition files are ignored to avoid surplus spaces in the document. If a real space is -necessary use |\space|. -\NEWdescription{2004/02/10}However, note that this is only true if the -declaration is made at top level! If used within the definition of -another command, within |\AtBeginDocument|, option code or in similar -places, then spaces within the argument will remain and may result in -incorrect table entries. +necessary use |\space|. +\NEWdescription{2004/02/10} +However, note that this is only true if the declaration is made at top +level! If used within the definition of another command, within +|\AtBeginDocument|, option code or in similar places, then spaces within +the argument will remain and may result in incorrect table entries. \begin{decl} -|\DeclareFontFamily| \arg{encoding} \arg{family} \arg{loading-settings} + |\DeclareFontFamily| \arg{encoding} \arg{family} \arg{loading-settings} \end{decl} - + Declares a font family \m{family} to be available in encoding scheme \m{encoding}. - -The \m{loading-settings} are executed immediately after loading any -font with this encoding and family. - + +The \m{loading-settings} are executed immediately after loading any font +with this encoding and family. + Checks that \m{encoding} was previously declared. - -This example refers to the Computer Modern Typewriter font family in -the Cork encoding: + +This example refers to the Computer Modern Typewriter font family in the +Cork encoding: \begin{verbatim} \DeclareFontFamily{T1}{cmtt}{\hyphenchar\font=-1} \end{verbatim} - -Each |.fd| file should contain exactly one |\DeclareFontFamily| -command, and it should be for the appropriate encoding/family -combination. - + +Each |.fd| file should contain exactly one |\DeclareFontFamily| command, +and it should be for the appropriate encoding/family combination. + \begin{decl} |\DeclareFontShape| \arg{encoding} \arg{family} \arg{series} \arg{shape}\\ \null\hfill \arg{loading-info} \arg{loading-settings} \end{decl} - + Declares a font shape combination; here \m{loading-info} contains the information that combines sizes with external fonts. The syntax is complex and is described in Section~\ref{sec:loadinfo} below. - + The \m{loading-settings} are executed after loading any font with this -font shape. They are executed immediately after the -`loading-settings' which were declared by |\DeclareFontFamily| and so -they can be used to overwrite the settings made at the family level. - +font shape. They are executed immediately after the `loading-settings' +which were declared by |\DeclareFontFamily| and so they can be used to +overwrite the settings made at the family level. + Checks that the combination \m{encoding}\m{family} was previously declared via |\DeclareFontFamily|. - + Example: \begin{verbatim} \DeclareFontShape{OT1}{cmr}{m}{sl}{% @@ -1109,363 +1078,351 @@ Example: <<12>> <<14.4>> <<17.28>> <<20.74>> <<24.88>> cmsl12 }{} \end{verbatim} -The file can contain any number of |\DeclareFontShape| commands, -which should be for the appropriate \m{encoding} and \m{family}. - +The file can contain any number of |\DeclareFontShape| commands, which +should be for the appropriate \m{encoding} and \m{family}. + \NEWfeature{1996/06/01} The font family declarations for the |OT1|-encoded fonts now all contain: \begin{verbatim} - \hyphenchar\font=`\- + \hyphenchar\font=`\- \end{verbatim} This enables the use of an alternative |\hyphenchar| in other encodings whilst maintaining the correct value for all fonts. \subsection{Font file loading information} \label{sec:loadinfo} - + The information which tells \LaTeX{} exactly which font (\texttt{.tfm}) files to load is contained in the \m{loading-info} part of a |\DeclareFontShape| declaration. This part consists of one or more \m{fontshape-decl}s, each of which has the following form: - + \begin{center} -\begin{tabular}{r@{ $::=$ }l} - \m{fontshape-decl} & \m{size-infos} \m{font-info} \\ - \m{size-infos} & \m{size-infos} \m{size-info} $\mid$ - \m{size-info} \\ - \m{size-info} & ``|<<|'' \m{number-or-range} ``|>>|'' \\ - \m{font-info} & $[$ \m{size-function} ``|*|'' $]$ - $[$ ``|[|'' \m{optarg} ``|]|'' $]$ \m{fontarg} \\ -\end{tabular} + \begin{tabular}{r@{ $::=$ }l} + \m{fontshape-decl} & \m{size-infos} \m{font-info} \\ + \m{size-infos} & \m{size-infos} \m{size-info} $\mid$ + \m{size-info} \\ + \m{size-info} & ``|<<|'' \m{number-or-range} ``|>>|'' \\ + \m{font-info} & $[$ \m{size-function} ``|*|'' $]$ + $[$ ``|[|'' \m{optarg} ``|]|'' $]$ \m{fontarg} \\ + \end{tabular} \end{center} -The \m{number-or-range} denotes the size or size-range -for which this entry applies. - -If it contains a hyphen it is a -range: lower bound on the left (if missing, zero implied), upper bound -on the right (if missing, $\infty$ implied). For ranges, the -upper bound is \emph{not} included in the range and the lower bound is. - +The \m{number-or-range} denotes the size or size-range for which this +entry applies. + +If it contains a hyphen it is a range: lower bound on the left (if +missing, zero implied), upper bound on the right (if missing, $\infty$ +implied). For ranges, the upper bound is \emph{not} included in the +range and the lower bound is. + Examples: \begin{center} -\begin{tabular}{lll} - |<<10>>| & simple size& 10pt only\\ - |<<-8>>| & range& all sizes less than 8pt\\ - |<<8-14.4>>| & range& all sizes greater than or equal to 8pt\\ - & & \ but less than 14.4pt\\ - |<<14.4->>| & range& all sizes greater than or equal 14.4pt + \begin{tabular}{lll} + |<<10>>| & simple size & 10pt only \\ + |<<-8>>| & range & all sizes less than 8pt \\ + |<<8-14.4>>| & range & all sizes greater than or equal to 8pt \\ + & & \ but less than 14.4pt \\ + |<<14.4->>| & range & all sizes greater than or equal 14.4pt \end{tabular} \end{center} -If more than one \m{size-info} entry follows without any -intervening \m{font-info}, they all share the next \m{font-info}. - -The \m{size-function}, if present, handles the use of \m{font-info}. -If not present, the `empty' \m{size-function} is assumed. - +If more than one \m{size-info} entry follows without any intervening +\m{font-info}, they all share the next \m{font-info}. + +The \m{size-function}, if present, handles the use of \m{font-info}. If +not present, the `empty' \m{size-function} is assumed. + All the \m{size-info}s are inspected in the order in which they appear -in the font shape declaration. If a \m{size-info} matches the -requested size, its \m{size-function} is executed. If |\external@font| -is non-empty afterwards this process stops, otherwise the next +in the font shape declaration. If a \m{size-info} matches the requested +size, its \m{size-function} is executed. If |\external@font| is +non-empty afterwards this process stops, otherwise the next \m{size-info} is inspected. (See also |\DeclareSizeFunction|.) - -If this process does not lead to a non-empty |\external@font|, -\LaTeX{} tries the nearest simple size. If the entry contains only -ranges an error is returned. - - + +If this process does not lead to a non-empty |\external@font|, \LaTeX{} +tries the nearest simple size. If the entry contains only ranges an +error is returned. + \subsection{Size functions} \label{sec:sizefunct} - - + \LaTeX{} provides the following size functions, whose `inputs' are \m{fontarg} and \m{optarg} (when present). - + \begin{description} \item[`' (empty)] -Load the external font \m{fontarg} at the user-requested size. If -\m{optarg} is present, it is used as the scale-factor. - + Load the external font \m{fontarg} at the user-requested size. If + \m{optarg} is present, it is used as the scale-factor. + \item[s] -Like the empty function but without terminal warnings, only -loggings. - + Like the empty function but without terminal warnings, only + loggings. + \item[gen] -Generates the external font from \m{fontarg} followed by -the user-requested size, e.g.~|<<8>> <<9>> <<10>> gen * cmtt| - + Generates the external font from \m{fontarg} followed by the + user-requested size, e.g.~|<<8>> <<9>> <<10>> gen * cmtt| + \item[sgen] -Like the `gen' function but without terminal warnings, only loggings. + Like the `gen' function but without terminal warnings, only loggings. \item[genb] -\NEWfeature{1995/12/01} -Generates the external font from \m{fontarg} followed by -the user-requested size, using the conventions of the `ec' fonts. -e.g.~|<<10.98>> genb * dctt| produces |dctt1098|. - + \NEWfeature{1995/12/01} + Generates the external font from \m{fontarg} followed by the + user-requested size, using the conventions of the `ec' fonts. + e.g.~|<<10.98>> genb * dctt| produces |dctt1098|. + \item[sgenb] -\NEWfeature{1995/12/01} -Like the `genb' function but without terminal warnings, only loggings. - + \NEWfeature{1995/12/01} + Like the `genb' function but without terminal warnings, only loggings. + \item[sub] -Tries to load a font from a different font shape declaration given by -\m{fontarg} in the form \m{family}|/|\m{series}|/|\m{shape}. - + Tries to load a font from a different font shape declaration given by + \m{fontarg} in the form \m{family}|/|\m{series}|/|\m{shape}. + \item[ssub] -Silent variant of `sub', only loggings. - + Silent variant of `sub', only loggings. + \item[alias] -\NEWfeature{2019/10/15} -Same as `ssub' but with a different logging message. Intended for -cases where the substitution is only done to change the name, e.g., -going from \texttt{regular} series to the official name \texttt{m}. In -that case given a warning that some shape is not found is not correct. - + \NEWfeature{2019/10/15} + Same as `ssub' but with a different logging message. Intended for + cases where the substitution is only done to change the name, e.g., + going from \texttt{regular} series to the official name \texttt{m}. In + that case given a warning that some shape is not found is not correct. + \item[subf] -Like the empty function but issues a warning that it has to substitute -the external font \m{fontarg} because the desired font shape was not -available in the requested size. - + Like the empty function but issues a warning that it has to substitute + the external font \m{fontarg} because the desired font shape was not + available in the requested size. + \item[ssubf] -Silent variant of `subf', only loggings. - + Silent variant of `subf', only loggings. + \item[fixed] -Load font \m{fontarg} as is, disregarding the user-requested size. -If present, \m{optarg} gives the ``at \ldots pt'' size to be used. - + Load font \m{fontarg} as is, disregarding the user-requested size. If + present, \m{optarg} gives the ``at \ldots pt'' size to be used. + \item[sfixed] -Silent variant of `fixed', only loggings. - + Silent variant of `fixed', only loggings. \end{description} - -Examples for the use of most of the above size functions can be found -in the file |cmfonts.fdd|---the source for the standard |.fd| files + +Examples for the use of most of the above size functions can be found in +the file |cmfonts.fdd|---the source for the standard |.fd| files describing the Computer Modern fonts by Donald Knuth. - - + + \begin{decl} -|\DeclareSizeFunction| \arg{name} \arg{code} + |\DeclareSizeFunction| \arg{name} \arg{code} \end{decl} - + Declares a size-function \m{name} for use in |\DeclareFontShape| commands. The interface is still under development but there should be no real need to a define new size functions. - + The \m{code} is executed when the size or size-range in |\DeclareFontShape| matches the user-requested size. - + The arguments of the size-function are automatically parsed and placed into |\mandatory@arg| and |\optional@arg| for use in \m{code}. Also available, of course, is |\f@size|, which is the user-requested size. - -To signal success \m{code} must define the command |\external@font| -to contain the external name and any scaling options (if present) for -the font to be loaded. - + +To signal success \m{code} must define the command |\external@font| to +contain the external name and any scaling options (if present) for the +font to be loaded. + This example sets up the `empty' size function (simplified): \begin{verbatim} \DeclareSizeFunction{} {\edef\external@font{\mandatory@arg\space at\f@size} \end{verbatim} - - + + \section{Encodings} \label{Sec:encode} - -This section explains how to declare and use new font encodings and -how to declare commands for use with particular encodings. - + +This section explains how to declare and use new font encodings and how +to declare commands for use with particular encodings. + \subsection{The \textsf{fontenc} package} - + Users can select new font encodings using the |fontenc| package. The -|fontenc| package has options for encodings; the last option becomes -the default encoding. For example, to use the |OT2| (Washington -University Cyrillic encoding) and |T1| encodings, with |T1| as the -default, an author types: +|fontenc| package has options for encodings; the last option becomes the +default encoding. For example, to use the |OT2| (Washington University +Cyrillic encoding) and |T1| encodings, with |T1| as the default, an +author types: \begin{verbatim} \usepackage[OT2,T1]{fontenc} \end{verbatim} - + \NEWdescription{1997/12/01} For each font encoding \m{ENC} given as an option, this package loads -the \emph{encoding definition} (|<enc>enc.def|, with an all -lower-case name) file; it also sets |\encodingdefault| to be the last -encoding in the option list. - +the \emph{encoding definition} (|<enc>enc.def|, with an all lower-case +name) file; it also sets |\encodingdefault| to be the last encoding in +the option list. + The declarations in the encoding definition file |<enc>enc.def| for -encoding \m{ENC} are responsible for declaring this encoding and -telling \LaTeX{} how to produce characters in this encoding; this file -should contain nothing else (see Section~\ref{Sec:encode.def}. - -The standard \LaTeX{} format declares the |OT1| and |T1| text -encodings by inputting the files |ot1enc.def| and |t1enc.def|; it also -sets up various defaults which require that |OT1|-encoded fonts are -available. -Other encoding set-ups might be added to the distribution at a -later stage. - -Thus the example above loads the files |ot2enc.def| and |t1enc.def| -and sets |\encodingdefault| to |T1|. - -\emph{Warning}: If you wish to use |T1|-encoded fonts other than the `cmr' -family then you may need to load the package (e.g.~\texttt{times}) +encoding \m{ENC} are responsible for declaring this encoding and telling +\LaTeX{} how to produce characters in this encoding; this file should +contain nothing else (see Section~\ref{Sec:encode.def}. + +The standard \LaTeX{} format declares the |OT1| and |T1| text encodings +by inputting the files |ot1enc.def| and |t1enc.def|; it also sets up +various defaults which require that |OT1|-encoded fonts are available. +Other encoding set-ups might be added to the distribution at a later +stage. + +Thus the example above loads the files |ot2enc.def| and |t1enc.def| and +sets |\encodingdefault| to |T1|. + +\emph{Warning}: If you wish to use |T1|-encoded fonts other than the +`cmr' family then you may need to load the package (e.g.~\texttt{times}) that selects the fonts \emph{before} loading \texttt{fontenc} (this prevents the system from attempting to load any |T1|-encoded fonts from the `cmr' family). - - \subsection{Encoding definition file commands} \label{Sec:encode.def} - + \emph{Note}: An encoding definition file should contain only commands from this subsection. \NEWdescription{2019/07/10} As an exception it may also contain a |\DeclareFontsubstitution| declaration (described in \ref{sec:encoding-defaults}) to specify how -font substitution for this encoding should be handled. In that case -it is important that the values used point to a font that is guaranteed -to be available on all \LaTeX{} installations.\footnote{If the font +font substitution for this encoding should be handled. In that case it +is important that the values used point to a font that is guaranteed to +be available on all \LaTeX{} installations.\footnote{If the font encoding file is made available as part of a CTAN bundle, that could be a font that is provided together with that bundle, but it should not point to font which requires further installation steps and therefore may or may not be installed.} - \NEWdescription{1997/12/01} -As with the font definition file commands, it is also possible -(although normally not necessary) to use these declarations directly -within a class or package file. +As with the font definition file commands, it is also possible (although +normally not necessary) to use these declarations directly within a +class or package file. \emph{Warning}: Some aspects of the contents of font definition files are still under development. Therefore, the current versions of the -files |ot1enc.def| and |t1enc.def| are temporary versions and should -not be used as models for producing further such files. For further +files |ot1enc.def| and |t1enc.def| are temporary versions and should not +be used as models for producing further such files. For further information you should read the documentation in |ltoutenc.dtx|. - + \begin{decl} - |\ProvidesFile{<file-name>}[<release-info>]| + |\ProvidesFile{<file-name>}[<release-info>]| \end{decl} -The file should announce itself with a |\ProvidesFile| -command, described in \emph{\clsguide}. For example: +The file should announce itself with a |\ProvidesFile| command, +described in \emph{\clsguide}. For example: \begin{verbatim} \ProvidesFile{ot2enc.def} [1994/06/01 Washington University Cyrillic encoding] \end{verbatim} - - + + \begin{decl} -|\DeclareFontEncoding| \arg{encoding} \arg{text-settings} - \arg{math-settings} + |\DeclareFontEncoding| \arg{encoding} \arg{text-settings} + \arg{math-settings} \end{decl} - + Declares a new encoding scheme \m{encoding}. - -The \m{text-settings} are -declarations which are executed every time |\selectfont| changes the -encoding to be \m{encoding}. - -The \m{math-settings} are similar but are for math alphabets. They -are executed whenever a math alphabet with this encoding is -called. - + +The \m{text-settings} are declarations which are executed every time +|\selectfont| changes the encoding to be \m{encoding}. + +The \m{math-settings} are similar but are for math alphabets. They are +executed whenever a math alphabet with this encoding is called. + \NEWfeature{1998/12/01} It also saves the value of \m{encoding} in the macro |\LastDeclaredEncoding|. - + Example: \begin{verbatim} \DeclareFontEncoding{OT1}{}{} \end{verbatim} - -Some author commands need to change their definition depending on -which encoding is currently in use. For example, in the |OT1| -encoding, the letter `\AE' is in slot |"1D|, whereas in the |T1| -encoding it is in slot |"C6|. So the definition of |\AE| has to -change depending on whether the current encoding is |OT1| or |T1|. -The following commands allow this to happen. - + +Some author commands need to change their definition depending on which +encoding is currently in use. For example, in the |OT1| encoding, the +letter `\AE' is in slot |"1D|, whereas in the |T1| encoding it is in +slot |"C6|. So the definition of |\AE| has to change depending on +whether the current encoding is |OT1| or |T1|. The following commands +allow this to happen. + \begin{decl} - |\DeclareTextCommand| \arg{cmd} \arg{encoding} - \oarg{num} \oarg{default} \arg{definition} + |\DeclareTextCommand| \arg{cmd} \arg{encoding} + \oarg{num} \oarg{default} \arg{definition} \end{decl} -This command is like |\newcommand|, except that it defines a -command which is specific to one encoding. For example, the -definition of |\k| in the |T1| encoding is: +This command is like |\newcommand|, except that it defines a command +which is specific to one encoding. For example, the definition of |\k| +in the |T1| encoding is: \begin{verbatim} - \DeclareTextCommand{\k}{T1}[1] - {\oalign{\null#1\crcr\hidewidth\char12}} + \DeclareTextCommand{\k}{T1}[1] + {\oalign{\null#1\crcr\hidewidth\char12}} \end{verbatim} |\DeclareTextCommand| takes the same optional arguments as |\newcommand|. - -The resulting command is -robust, even if the code in \m{definition} is fragile. - -It does not produce an error if the command has already -been defined but logs the redefinition in the transcript file. - + +The resulting command is robust, even if the code in \m{definition} is +fragile. + +It does not produce an error if the command has already been defined but +logs the redefinition in the transcript file. + \begin{decl}[1994/12/01] - |\ProvideTextCommand| \arg{cmd} \arg{encoding} - \oarg{num} \oarg{default} \arg{definition} + |\ProvideTextCommand| \arg{cmd} \arg{encoding} + \oarg{num} \oarg{default} \arg{definition} \end{decl} -This command is the same as |\DeclareTextCommand|, except that -if \m{cmd} is already defined in encoding \m{encoding}, then the -definition is ignored. - +This command is the same as |\DeclareTextCommand|, except that if +\m{cmd} is already defined in encoding \m{encoding}, then the definition +is ignored. + \begin{decl} - |\DeclareTextSymbol| \arg{cmd} \arg{encoding} \arg{slot} + |\DeclareTextSymbol| \arg{cmd} \arg{encoding} \arg{slot} \end{decl} -This command defines a text symbol with slot \m{slot} in the -encoding. For example, the definition of |\ss| in the |OT1| encoding -is: +This command defines a text symbol with slot \m{slot} in the encoding. +For example, the definition of |\ss| in the |OT1| encoding is: \begin{verbatim} \DeclareTextSymbol{\ss}{OT1}{25} \end{verbatim} It does not produce an error if the command has already been defined but logs the redefinition in the transcript file. - + \begin{decl} - |\DeclareTextAccent| \arg{cmd} \arg{encoding} \arg{slot} + |\DeclareTextAccent| \arg{cmd} \arg{encoding} \arg{slot} \end{decl} This command declares a text accent, with the accent taken from slot -\m{slot} in the encoding. For example, the definition of |\"| in -the |OT1| encoding is: +\m{slot} in the encoding. For example, the definition of |\"| in the +|OT1| encoding is: \begin{verbatim} \DeclareTextAccent{\"}{OT1}{127} \end{verbatim} -It does not produce an error if the command has already -been defined but logs the redefinition in the transcript file. - +It does not produce an error if the command has already been defined but +logs the redefinition in the transcript file. + \begin{decl} - |\DeclareTextComposite| \arg{cmd} \arg{encoding} \arg{letter} - \arg{slot} + |\DeclareTextComposite| \arg{cmd} \arg{encoding} \arg{letter} + \arg{slot} \end{decl} This command declares that the composite letter formed from applying \m{cmd} to \m{letter} is defined to be simply slot \m{slot} in the -encoding. The \m{letter} should be a single letter (such as |a|) or -a single command (such as |\i|). - - -For example, the definition of |\'{a}| -in the |T1| encoding could be declared like this: +encoding. The \m{letter} should be a single letter (such as |a|) or a +single command (such as |\i|). + +For example, the definition of |\'{a}| in the |T1| encoding could be +declared like this: \begin{verbatim} \DeclareTextComposite{\'}{T1}{a}{225} \end{verbatim} - -The \m{cmd} will normally have been previously declared -for this encoding, either by using -|\DeclareTextAccent|, or as a one-argument |\DeclareTextCommand|. - + +The \m{cmd} will normally have been previously declared for this +encoding, either by using |\DeclareTextAccent|, or as a one-argument +|\DeclareTextCommand|. + \begin{decl}[1994/12/01] - |\DeclareTextCompositeCommand| \arg{cmd} \arg{encoding} \arg{letter} - \arg{definition} + |\DeclareTextCompositeCommand| \arg{cmd} \arg{encoding} \arg{letter} + \arg{definition} \end{decl} -This is a more general form of |\DeclareTextComposite|, which allows -for an arbitrary \m{definition}, not just a \m{slot}. The main use -for this is to allow accents on |i| to act like accents on |\i|, for -example: +This is a more general form of |\DeclareTextComposite|, which allows for +an arbitrary \m{definition}, not just a \m{slot}. The main use for this +is to allow accents on |i| to act like accents on |\i|, for example: \begin{verbatim} \DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\'}{OT1}{i}{\'\i} \end{verbatim} @@ -1473,66 +1430,64 @@ It has the same restrictions as |\DeclareTextComposite|. \begin{decl}[1998/12/01] - |\LastDeclaredEncoding| + |\LastDeclaredEncoding| \end{decl} This holds the name of the last encoding declared via -|\DeclareFontEncoding| (this should also be the currently most -efficient encoding). It can be used in the \m{encoding} argument -of the above declarations in place of explicitly mentioning the -encoding, e.g. +|\DeclareFontEncoding| (this should also be the currently most efficient +encoding). It can be used in the \m{encoding} argument of the above +declarations in place of explicitly mentioning the encoding, e.g. \begin{verbatim} - \DeclareFontEncoding{T1}{}{} - \DeclareTextAccent{\`}{\LastDeclaredEncoding}{0} - \DeclareTextAccent{\'}{\LastDeclaredEncoding}{1} + \DeclareFontEncoding{T1}{}{} + \DeclareTextAccent{\`}{\LastDeclaredEncoding}{0} + \DeclareTextAccent{\'}{\LastDeclaredEncoding}{1} \end{verbatim} This can be useful in cases where encoding files sharing common code -are generated from one source. - +are generated from one source. \subsection{Default definitions} - + \NEWdescription{1997/12/01} The declarations used in encoding definition files define encoding-specific commands but they do not allow those commands to be -used without explicitly changing the encoding. For some commands, -such as symbols, this is not enough. For example, the~|OMS| encoding -contains the symbol~`\S', but we need to be able to use the -command~|\S| whatever the current encoding may be, without explicitly -selecting the encoding~|OMS|. - +used without explicitly changing the encoding. For some commands, such +as symbols, this is not enough. For example, the~|OMS| encoding +contains the symbol~`\S', but we need to be able to use the command~|\S| +whatever the current encoding may be, without explicitly selecting the +encoding~|OMS|. + \NEWdescription{1997/12/01} To allow this, \LaTeX{} has commands that declare default definitions -for commands; these defaults are used when the command is not defined -in the current encoding. For example, the default encoding for~|\S| +for commands; these defaults are used when the command is not defined in +the current encoding. For example, the default encoding for~|\S| is~|OMS|, and so in an encoding (such as |OT1|) which does not contain~|\S|, the~|OMS| encoding is selected in order to access this glyph. But in an encoding (such as~|T1|) which does contain~|\S|, the -glyph in that encoding is used. The standard \LaTeXe{} format sets -up several such defaults using the following encodings: |OT1|,~|OMS| +glyph in that encoding is used. The standard \LaTeXe{} format sets up +several such defaults using the following encodings: |OT1|,~|OMS| and~|OML|. \emph{Warning}: These commands should \emph{not} occur in encoding definition files, since those files should declare only commands for use -when that encoding has been selected. They should instead be placed -in packages; they must, of course, always refer to encodings that are -known to be available. - +when that encoding has been selected. They should instead be placed in +packages; they must, of course, always refer to encodings that are known +to be available. + \begin{decl}[1994/12/01] - |\DeclareTextCommandDefault| \arg{cmd} \arg{definition} + |\DeclareTextCommandDefault| \arg{cmd} \arg{definition} \end{decl} -This command allows an encoding-specific command to be given a default -definition. For example, the default definition for |\copyright| is -defined be be a circled `c' with: +This command allows an encoding-specific command to be given a default +definition. For example, the default definition for |\copyright| is +defined be a circled `c' with: \begin{verbatim} \DeclareTextCommandDefault{\copyright}{\textcircled{c}} \end{verbatim} \begin{decl}[1994/12/01] - |\DeclareTextAccentDefault| \arg{cmd} \arg{encoding} \\ - |\DeclareTextSymbolDefault| \arg{cmd} \arg{encoding} + |\DeclareTextAccentDefault| \arg{cmd} \arg{encoding} \\ + |\DeclareTextSymbolDefault| \arg{cmd} \arg{encoding} \end{decl} -These commands allow an encoding-specific command to be given a -default encoding. For example, the default encoding for |\"| and -|\ae| is set to be |OT1| by: +These commands allow an encoding-specific command to be given a default +encoding. For example, the default encoding for |\"| and |\ae| is set +to be |OT1| by: \begin{verbatim} \DeclareTextAccentDefault{\"}{OT1} \DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\ae}{OT1} @@ -1540,79 +1495,74 @@ default encoding. For example, the default encoding for |\"| and Note that |\DeclareTextAccentDefault| can be used on any one-argument encoding-specific command, not just those defined with |\DeclareTextAccent|. Similarly, |\DeclareTextSymbolDefault| can be -used on any encoding-specific command with no arguments, not just -those defined with |\DeclareTextSymbol|. - -For more examples of these definitions, see |ltoutenc.dtx|. - +used on any encoding-specific command with no arguments, not just those +defined with |\DeclareTextSymbol|. + +For more examples of these definitions, see |ltoutenc.dtx|. + \begin{decl}[1994/12/01] - |\ProvideTextCommandDefault| \arg{cmd} \arg{definition} + |\ProvideTextCommandDefault| \arg{cmd} \arg{definition} \end{decl} -This command is the same as |\DeclareTextCommandDefault|, except that -if the command already has a default definition, then the definition -is ignored. This is useful to give `faked' definitions of symbols -which may be given `real' definitions by other packages. For example, -a package might give a fake definition of |\textonequarter| by saying: +This command is the same as |\DeclareTextCommandDefault|, except that if +the command already has a default definition, then the definition is +ignored. This is useful to give `faked' definitions of symbols which +may be given `real' definitions by other packages. For example, a +package might give a fake definition of |\textonequarter| by saying: \begin{verbatim} \ProvideTextCommandDefault{\textonequarter}{$\m@th\frac14$} \end{verbatim} - - \subsection{Encoding defaults} \label{sec:encoding-defaults} - + +\subsection{Encoding defaults} \label{sec:encoding-defaults} + \begin{decl} -|\DeclareFontEncodingDefaults| \arg{text-settings} \arg{math-settings} + |\DeclareFontEncodingDefaults| \arg{text-settings} \arg{math-settings} \end{decl} - + Declares \m{text-settings} and \m{math-settings} for all encoding schemes. These are executed before the encoding scheme dependent ones are executed so that one can use the defaults for the major cases and overwrite them if necessary using |\DeclareFontEncoding|. - + If |\relax| is used as an argument, the current setting of this default is left unchanged. - + This example is used by amsfonts.sty for accent positioning; it changes only the math settings: \begin{verbatim} \DeclareFontEncodingDefaults{\relax}{\def\accentclass@{7}} \end{verbatim} - - + + \begin{decl} -|\DeclareFontSubstitution| \arg{encoding} \arg{family} \arg{series} - \arg{shape} + |\DeclareFontSubstitution| \arg{encoding} \arg{family} \arg{series} + \arg{shape} \end{decl} - + Declares the default values for font substitution which will be used -when a font with encoding \m{encoding} -should be loaded but no font can be found with the current -attributes. - +when a font with encoding \m{encoding} should be loaded but no font can +be found with the current attributes. + These substitutions are local to the encoding scheme because the encoding scheme is never substituted! They are tried in the order -\m{shape} then \m{series} and finally \m{family}. +\m{shape} then \m{series} and finally \m{family}. \NEWdescription{2019/07/10} This declaration is normally done in an encoding definition file -(see~\ref{Sec:encode.def}), but can also be used in a class file or -the document preamble to alter the default for a specific encoding. - +(see~\ref{Sec:encode.def}), but can also be used in a class file or the +document preamble to alter the default for a specific encoding. + If no defaults are set up for an encoding, the values given by |\DeclareErrorFont| are used. - -The font specification for -\m{encoding}\m{family}\m{series}\m{shape} -must have been defined by |\DeclareFontShape| -before the |\begin{document}| is reached. - + +The font specification for \m{encoding}\m{family}\m{series}\m{shape} +must have been defined by |\DeclareFontShape| before the +|\begin{document}| is reached. + Example: \begin{verbatim} \DeclareFontSubstitution{T1}{cmr}{m}{n} \end{verbatim} - - - \subsection{Case changing} \label{sec:case} @@ -1634,84 +1584,79 @@ because such fonts do not exist. For further details, see \texttt{clsguide.tex}. \NEWdescription{1999/04/23} -In order that upper/lower-casing will work reasonably well, and in -order to provide any correct hyphenation, \LaTeXe{} \emph{must} use, +In order that upper/lower-casing will work reasonably well, and in order +to provide any correct hyphenation, \LaTeXe{} \emph{must} use, throughout a document, the same fixed table for changing case. The -table used is designed for the font encoding |T1|; this works well -with the standard \TeX{} fonts for all Latin alphabets but will cause -problems when using other alphabets. As an experiment, it has now -been extended for use with some Cyrillic encodings. - +table used is designed for the font encoding |T1|; this works well with +the standard \TeX{} fonts for all Latin alphabets but will cause +problems when using other alphabets. As an experiment, it has now been +extended for use with some Cyrillic encodings. \section{Miscellanea} \label{Sec:misc} - + This section covers the remaining font commands in \LaTeX{} and some other issues. - + \subsection{Font substitution} - + \begin{decl} -|\DeclareErrorFont| \arg{encoding} \arg{family} \arg{series} - \arg{shape} \arg{size} + |\DeclareErrorFont| \arg{encoding} \arg{family} \arg{series} + \arg{shape} \arg{size} \end{decl} - + Declares \m{encoding}\m{family}\m{series}\m{shape} to be the font shape used in cases where the standard substitution mechanism fails (i.e.~would loop). For the standard mechanism see the command |\DeclareFontSubstitution| above. - -The font specification for -\m{encoding}\m{family}\m{series}\m{shape} -must have been defined by |\DeclareFontShape| -before the |\begin{document}| is reached. - + +The font specification for \m{encoding}\m{family}\m{series}\m{shape} +must have been defined by |\DeclareFontShape| before the +|\begin{document}| is reached. + Example: \begin{verbatim} \DeclareErrorFont{OT1}{cmr}{m}{n}{10} \end{verbatim} \NEWdescription{2019/07/10} -This declaration is a system wide fallback and it should normally not -be changed, in particular it does not belong into font encoding -definition files but rather into the \LaTeX{} format. It is normally -set up in \texttt{fonttext.cfg}. Adjustments on a per encoding base -should be made through |\DeclareFontSubstitution| instead! - - +This declaration is a system wide fallback and it should normally not be +changed, in particular it does not belong into font encoding definition +files but rather into the \LaTeX{} format. It is normally set up in +\texttt{fonttext.cfg}. Adjustments on a per encoding base should be made +through |\DeclareFontSubstitution| instead! + \begin{decl} -|\fontsubfuzz| + |\fontsubfuzz| \end{decl} - + This parameter is used to decide whether or not to produce a terminal warning if a font size substitution takes place. If the difference between the requested and the chosen size is less than |\fontsubfuzz| -the warning is only written to the transcript file. The default value -is |0.4pt|. This can be redefined with |\renewcommand|, for example: +the warning is only written to the transcript file. The default value is +|0.4pt|. This can be redefined with |\renewcommand|, for example: \begin{verbatim} \renewcommand{\fontsubfuzz}{0pt} % always warn \end{verbatim} - + \subsection{Preloading} - + \begin{decl} -|\DeclarePreloadSizes| \arg{encoding} \arg{family} \arg{series} - \arg{shape} + |\DeclarePreloadSizes| \arg{encoding} \arg{family} \arg{series} + \arg{shape} \arg{size-list} \end{decl} - - + Specifies the fonts that should be preloaded by the format. These commands should be put in a |preload.cfg| file, which is read in when -the \LaTeX{} format is being built. -Read |preload.dtx| for more information on how to built such a -configuration file. - +the \LaTeX{} format is being built. Read |preload.dtx| for more +information on how to built such a configuration file. + Example: \begin{verbatim} \DeclarePreloadSizes{OT1}{cmr}{m}{sl}{10,10.95,12} \end{verbatim} - + \NEWdescription{2019/07/10} Preloading is really an artifact of the days when loading fonts while processing a document contributed substantially to the processing @@ -1721,55 +1666,53 @@ time. These days it is usually best not to use this mechanism any more. \NEWdescription{1996/06/01} Accented characters in \LaTeX{} can be produced using commands such as -|\"a| etc. The precise effect of such commands depends on the font +|\"a| etc. The precise effect of such commands depends on the font encoding being used. When using a font encoding that contains the -accented characters as individual glyphs (such as the |T1| encoding, -in the case of |\"a|) words that contain such accented characters can -be automatically hyphenated. For font encodings that do not contain -the requested individual glyph (such as the |OT1| encoding) such a -command invokes typesetting instructions that produce the accented -character as a combination of character glyphs and diacritical marks -in the font. In most cases this involves a call to the \TeX{} -primitive |\accent|. Glyphs constructed as composites in this way -inhibit hyphenation of the current word; this is one reason why the -|T1| encoding is preferable to the original \TeX{} font encoding -|OT1|. +accented characters as individual glyphs (such as the |T1| encoding, in +the case of |\"a|) words that contain such accented characters can be +automatically hyphenated. For font encodings that do not contain the +requested individual glyph (such as the |OT1| encoding) such a command +invokes typesetting instructions that produce the accented character as +a combination of character glyphs and diacritical marks in the font. In +most cases this involves a call to the \TeX{} primitive |\accent|. +Glyphs constructed as composites in this way inhibit hyphenation of the +current word; this is one reason why the |T1| encoding is preferable to +the original \TeX{} font encoding |OT1|. It is important to understand that commands like |\"a| in \LaTeXe{} represent just a name for a single glyph (in this case `umlaut a') and contain no information about how to typeset that glyph---thus it does -\emph{not} mean `put two dots on top of the character a'. The -decision as to what typesetting routine to use will depend on the -encoding of the current font and so this decision is taken at the last -minute. Indeed, it is possible that the same input will be typeset in -more than one way in the same document; for example, text in section -headings may also appear in table of contents and in running heads; and -each of these may use a font with a different encoding. +\emph{not} mean `put two dots on top of the character a'. The decision +as to what typesetting routine to use will depend on the encoding of the +current font and so this decision is taken at the last minute. Indeed, +it is possible that the same input will be typeset in more than one way +in the same document; for example, text in section headings may also +appear in table of contents and in running heads; and each of these may +use a font with a different encoding. For this reason the notation |\"a| is \emph{not} equivalent to: \begin{verbatim} - \newcommand \chara {a} \"\chara + \newcommand \chara {a} \"\chara \end{verbatim} In the latter case, \LaTeX{} does not expand the macro |\chara| but simply compares the notation (the string |\"\chara|) to its list of -known composite notations in the current encoding; when it fails to -find |\"\chara| it does the best it can and invokes the typesetting +known composite notations in the current encoding; when it fails to find +|\"\chara| it does the best it can and invokes the typesetting instructions that put the umlaut accent on top of the expansion of |\chara|. Thus, even if the font actually contains `\"a' as an individual glyph, it will not be used. -The low-level accent commands in \LaTeX{} are defined in such a way -that it is possible to combine a diacritical mark from one font with a -glyph from another font; for example, |\"\textparagraph| will produce -\"\textparagraph. The umlaut here -is taken from the |OT1| encoded font |cmr10| whilst the paragraph sign -is from the |OMS| encoded font |cmsy10|. (This example may be -typographically silly but better ones would involve font encodings -like |OT2| (Cyrillic) that might not be available at every -site.) - -There are, however, restrictions on the font-changing commands that -will work within the argument to such an accent command. These are +The low-level accent commands in \LaTeX{} are defined in such a way that +it is possible to combine a diacritical mark from one font with a glyph +from another font; for example, |\"\textparagraph| will produce +\"\textparagraph. The umlaut here is taken from the |OT1| encoded font +|cmr10| whilst the paragraph sign is from the |OMS| encoded font +|cmsy10|. (This example may be typographically silly but better ones +would involve font encodings like |OT2| (Cyrillic) that might not be +available at every site.) + +There are, however, restrictions on the font-changing commands that will +work within the argument to such an accent command. These are \TeX{}nical in the sense that they follow from the way that \TeX{}'s |\accent| primitive works, allowing only a special class of commands between the accent and the accented character. @@ -1780,82 +1723,80 @@ arguments (|\textbf{...}| and friends); all the font size declarations (|\fontsize| and |\Large|, etc.); |\usefont| and declarations that depend on it, such as |\normalfont|; box commands (e.g.~|\mbox{...}|). -The lower-level font declarations that set the attributes family, -series and shape (such as |\fontshape{sl}\selectfont|) will produce -correct typesetting, as will the default declarations such as -|\bfseries|. - +The lower-level font declarations that set the attributes family, series +and shape (such as |\fontshape{sl}\selectfont|) will produce correct +typesetting, as will the default declarations such as |\bfseries|. \subsection{Naming conventions} - + \begin{itemize} \item -Math alphabet commands all start with |\math...|: examples are -|\mathbf|, |\mathcal|, etc. - + Math alphabet commands all start with |\math...|: examples are + |\mathbf|, |\mathcal|, etc. + \item -The text font changing commands with arguments all start with -|\text...|: e.g.~|\textbf| and |\textrm|. The exception to this is -|\emph|, since it occurs very commonly in author documents and so -deserves a shorter name. - + The text font changing commands with arguments all start with + |\text...|: e.g.~|\textbf| and |\textrm|. The exception to this is + |\emph|, since it occurs very commonly in author documents and so + deserves a shorter name. + \item -Names for encoding schemes are strings of up to three letters (all -upper case) plus digits. - -The \LaTeX3 project reserves the use of encodings starting with the -following letters: |T| (standard 256-long text encodings), |TS| -(symbols that are designed to extend a corresponding |T| encoding), -|X| (text encodings that do not conform to the strict requirements for -|T| encodings), |M| (standard 256-long math encodings), |S| (other -symbol encodings), |A| (other special applications), |OT| (standard -128-long text encodings) and |OM| (standard 128-long math encodings). - -Please do not use the above starting letters for non-portable -encodings. If new standard encodings emerge then we shall add them in -a later release of \LaTeX. - -Encoding schemes which are local to a site or a system should start -with |L|, experimental encodings intended for wide distribution will -start with |E|, whilst |U| is for Unknown or Unclassified encodings. - + Names for encoding schemes are strings of up to three letters (all + upper case) plus digits. + + The \LaTeX3 project reserves the use of encodings starting with the + following letters: |T| (standard 256-long text encodings), |TS| + (symbols that are designed to extend a corresponding |T| encoding), + |X| (text encodings that do not conform to the strict requirements for + |T| encodings), |M| (standard 256-long math encodings), |S| (other + symbol encodings), |A| (other special applications), |OT| (standard + 128-long text encodings) and |OM| (standard 128-long math encodings). + + Please do not use the above starting letters for non-portable + encodings. If new standard encodings emerge then we shall add them in + a later release of \LaTeX. + + Encoding schemes which are local to a site or a system should start + with |L|, experimental encodings intended for wide distribution will + start with |E|, whilst |U| is for Unknown or Unclassified encodings. + \item -\NEWdescription{2019/10/15} -Font family names should contain only upper and lower case letters and -hyphen characters. Where possible, these should conform to the -\emph{Filenames for fonts} font naming scheme of the scheme -implemented by \texttt{autoinst} with suffixes such as \texttt{-LF}, -\texttt{-OsF}, etc.\ to indicate different figure styles. - + \NEWdescription{2019/10/15} + Font family names should contain only upper and lower case letters and + hyphen characters. Where possible, these should conform to the + \emph{Filenames for fonts} font naming scheme of the scheme + implemented by \texttt{autoinst} with suffixes such as \texttt{-LF}, + \texttt{-OsF}, etc.\ to indicate different figure styles. + \item -\NEWdescription{2019/10/15} -Font series names should contain up to four lower case letters. If at -all possible standard names as suggested in -Section~\ref{sec:textfontattributes} should be used. Font specific -names such as \texttt{regular} or \texttt{black}, etc.\ should be at -least aliased to a corresponding standard name. - + \NEWdescription{2019/10/15} + Font series names should contain up to four lower case letters. If at + all possible standard names as suggested in + Section~\ref{sec:textfontattributes} should be used. Font specific + names such as \texttt{regular} or \texttt{black}, etc.\ should be at + least aliased to a corresponding standard name. + \item -\NEWdescription{2019/10/15} -Font shapes should contain up to four letters lower case. Use the -names suggested in Section~\ref{sec:textfontattributes}. - + \NEWdescription{2019/10/15} + Font shapes should contain up to four letters lower case. Use the + names suggested in Section~\ref{sec:textfontattributes}. + \item -Names for symbol fonts are built from lower and upper case letters -with no restriction. + Names for symbol fonts are built from lower and upper case letters + with no restriction. \end{itemize} - + Whenever possible, you should use the series and shape names suggested -in \emph{\LaTeXcomp} since this will make it easier to combine new -fonts with existing fonts. - +in \emph{\LaTeXcomp} since this will make it easier to combine new fonts +with existing fonts. + \NEWdescription{1994/12/01} - Where possible, text symbols should be named as |\text| followed by - the Adobe glyph name: for example |\textonequarter| or - |\textsterling|. Similarly, math symbols should be named as - |\math| followed by the glyph name, for example |\mathonequarter| - or |\mathsterling|. Commands which can be used in text or math can - then be defined using |\ifmmode|, for example: +Where possible, text symbols should be named as |\text| followed by the +Adobe glyph name: for example |\textonequarter| or |\textsterling|. +Similarly, math symbols should be named as |\math| followed by the glyph +name, for example |\mathonequarter| or |\mathsterling|. Commands which +can be used in text or math can then be defined using |\ifmmode|, for +example: \begin{verbatim} \DeclareRobustCommand{\pounds}{% \ifmmode \mathsterling \else \textsterling \fi @@ -1864,103 +1805,95 @@ fonts with existing fonts. Note that commands defined in this way must be robust, in case they get put into a section title or other moving argument. - - \subsection{The order of declaration} - \NEWdescription{2019/10/15} -\NFSS{} forces you to give all declarations in a specific order so -that it can check whether you have specified all necessary -information. If you declare objects in the wrong order, it will -complain. Here are the dependencies that you have to obey: +\NFSS{} forces you to give all declarations in a specific order so that +it can check whether you have specified all necessary information. If +you declare objects in the wrong order, it will complain. Here are the +dependencies that you have to obey: \begin{itemize} \item -|\DeclareFontFamily| checks that the encoding scheme was previously -declared with |\DeclareFontEncoding|. + |\DeclareFontFamily| checks that the encoding scheme was previously + declared with |\DeclareFontEncoding|. \item -|\DeclareFontShape| checks that the font -family was declared to be available in the requested -encoding (|\DeclareFontFamily|). + |\DeclareFontShape| checks that the font family was declared to be + available in the requested encoding (|\DeclareFontFamily|). \item -|\DeclareSymbolFont| checks that the encoding scheme is valid. + |\DeclareSymbolFont| checks that the encoding scheme is valid. \item -|\SetSymbolFont| additionally ensures that the requested math -version was declared (|\DeclareMathVersion|) and that the requested -symbol font was declared (|\DeclareSymbolFont|). - + |\SetSymbolFont| additionally ensures that the requested math version + was declared (|\DeclareMathVersion|) and that the requested symbol + font was declared (|\DeclareSymbolFont|). \item -|\DeclareSymbolFontAlphabet| checks that the command name for the -alphabet identifier can be used and that the symbol font was declared. + |\DeclareSymbolFontAlphabet| checks that the command name for the + alphabet identifier can be used and that the symbol font was declared. \item -|\DeclareMathAlphabet| checks that the chosen command name can be -used and that the encoding scheme was declared. + |\DeclareMathAlphabet| checks that the chosen command name can be used + and that the encoding scheme was declared. \item -|\SetMathAlphabet| checks that the alphabet identifier was -previously declared with |\DeclareMathAlphabet| or -|\DeclareSymbolFontAlphabet| and that the math version and the -encoding scheme are known. + |\SetMathAlphabet| checks that the alphabet identifier was previously + declared with |\DeclareMathAlphabet| or |\DeclareSymbolFontAlphabet| + and that the math version and the encoding scheme are known. \item -|\DeclareMathSymbol| makes sure that the command name can be used -(i.e., is undefined or was previously declared to be a math symbol) -and that the symbol font was previously declared. + |\DeclareMathSymbol| makes sure that the command name can be used + (i.e., is undefined or was previously declared to be a math symbol) + and that the symbol font was previously declared. \item -When the |\begin{document}| command is reached, \NFSS{} makes -some additional checks---for example, verifying that substitution -defaults for every encoding scheme point to known font shape group -declarations. + When the |\begin{document}| command is reached, \NFSS{} makes some + additional checks---for example, verifying that substitution + defaults for every encoding scheme point to known font shape group + declarations. \end{itemize} - \section{If you need to know more \ldots} \NEWdescription{1996/06/01} The |tracefnt| package provides for tracing the actions concerned with -loading, substituting and using fonts. -The package accepts the following options: +loading, substituting and using fonts. The package accepts the +following options: \begin{description} -\item[errorshow] Write all information about font changes, etc.\ but +\item[errorshow] Write all information about font changes, etc.\ but only to the transcript file unless an error occurs. This means that - information about font substitution will not be shown on the - terminal. + information about font substitution will not be shown on the terminal. -\item[warningshow] Show all font warnings on the terminal. This - setting corresponds to the default behavior when this - \texttt{tracefnt} package is \emph{not} used! +\item[warningshow] Show all font warnings on the terminal. This setting + corresponds to the default behavior when this \texttt{tracefnt} + package is \emph{not} used! -\item[infoshow] Show all font warnings and all font info messages - (that are normally only written to the transcript file) also on the +\item[infoshow] Show all font warnings and all font info messages (that + are normally only written to the transcript file) also on the terminal. This is the default when this \texttt{tracefnt} package is loaded. -\item[debugshow] In addition to what is shown by \texttt{infoshow}, - show also changes of math fonts (as far as possible): beware, this - option can produce a large amount of output. +\item[debugshow] In addition to what is shown by \texttt{infoshow}, show + also changes of math fonts (as far as possible): beware, this option + can produce a large amount of output. -\item[loading] Show the names of external font files when they are +\item[loading] Show the names of external font files when they are loaded. This option shows only `newly loaded' fonts, not those already preloaded in the format or the class file before this \texttt{tracefnt} package becomes active. -\item[pausing] - Turn all font warnings into errors so that \LaTeX{} will stop. +\item[pausing] Turn all font warnings into errors so that \LaTeX{} will + stop. \end{description} \emph{Warning}: The actions of this package can change the layout of a -document and even, in rare cases, produce clearly wrong output, so -it should not be used in the final formatting of `real documents'. +document and even, in rare cases, produce clearly wrong output, so it +should not be used in the final formatting of `real documents'. \begin{thebibliography}{1} - + \bibitem{A-W:MG2004} Frank Mittelbach and Michel Goossens. \newblock {\em The {\LaTeX} Companion second edition}. @@ -1971,12 +1904,18 @@ Frank Mittelbach and Michel Goossens. Donald~E. Knuth. \newblock Typesetting concrete mathematics. \newblock {\em {TUG}boat}, 10(1):31--36, April 1989. - + \bibitem{A-W:LLa94} Leslie Lamport. \newblock {\em {\LaTeX:} A Document Preparation System}. \newblock Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, second edition, 1994. - + \end{thebibliography} - + \end{document} + +%%% Local Variables: +%%% mode: latex +%%% TeX-master: t +%%% fill-column: 72 +%%% End: |