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Diffstat (limited to 'Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/pst-diffraction/pst-diffraction-docDE.tex')
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1 files changed, 243 insertions, 71 deletions
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/pst-diffraction/pst-diffraction-docDE.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/pst-diffraction/pst-diffraction-docDE.tex index 15e73c2bc07..27f528fcff0 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/pst-diffraction/pst-diffraction-docDE.tex +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/pst-diffraction/pst-diffraction-docDE.tex @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -\documentclass[dvips,ngerman,a4paper]{article} +\documentclass[ngerman,a4paper]{article} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[bmargin=2cm,tmargin=2cm]{geometry} @@ -11,12 +11,25 @@ \usepackage{ccfonts} \usepackage[euler-digits]{eulervm} \usepackage[scaled=0.85]{luximono} +\usepackage{xspace} \def\UrlFont{\small\ttfamily} +\newcommand*\psp{\texttt{pspicture}\xspace} \makeatletter \def\verbatim@font{\small\normalfont\ttfamily} \makeatother +\usepackage{showexpl} +\lstdefinestyle{syntax}{backgroundcolor=\color{blue!20},numbers=none,xleftmargin=0pt,xrightmargin=0pt, + frame=single} +\lstdefinestyle{example}{backgroundcolor=\color{red!20},numbers=none,xleftmargin=0pt,xrightmargin=0pt, + frame=single} +\lstset{wide=true,language=PSTricks, + morekeywords={psdiffractionCircular,psdiffractionRectangle,psdiffractionTriangle}} + + \usepackage{prettyref} \usepackage{fancyhdr} +\usepackage{multicol} + \usepackage{babel} \usepackage[colorlinks,linktocpage]{hyperref} @@ -38,7 +51,7 @@ \title{\texttt{pst-diffraction}\\[6pt] \mbox{}\\[1cm] Beugungsmuster für Beugung an kreisförmigen, rechteckigen und dreieckigen -Öffnungen +Öffnungen\\[10pt] ---\\[10pt] {\normalsize v. \PSTfileversion (\PSTfiledate)}} \author{% @@ -66,6 +79,8 @@ Beiträge und Anmerkungen lieferten: Julien Cubizolles. \begin{pspicture}(0,-3)(12,3) \pnode(0,0){S} \pnode(4,1){L'1} \pnode(4,-1){L'2} \pnode(6,1){E'1} \pnode(6,-1){E'2} \pnode(6,0.5){E1}\pnode(6,-0.5){E2}\pnode(8.5,1.5){L1}\pnode(8.5,0.5){L2}\pnode(11.5,1.25){P} +\pspolygon[linestyle=none,fillstyle=vlines, + hatchcolor=yellow](S)(L'1)(E'1)(E1)(L1)(P)(L2)(E2)(E'2)(L'2) % lentille L' \pscustom[fillstyle=gradient,linecolor=blue,gradend=white]{% \code{0.5 0.83333 scale} @@ -76,8 +91,6 @@ Beiträge und Anmerkungen lieferten: Julien Cubizolles. \code{1 1.5 scale} \psarc(4.5,0){4.176}{-16.699}{16.699} \psarc(12.5,0){4.176}{163.30}{196.699}} -\pspolygon[linestyle=none,fillstyle=vlines, - hatchcolor=yellow](S)(L'1)(E'1)(E1)(L1)(P)(L2)(E2)(E'2)(L'2) \uput[90](4,1){$L'$}\uput[90](8.5,2){$L$} \psdot(S)\uput[180](S){S} \psline(S)(12,0)\psline[linewidth=2\pslinewidth](6,2)(6,0.5)\psline[linewidth=2\pslinewidth](6,-2)(6,-0.5) @@ -117,11 +130,11 @@ Es gibt drei Befehle, jeweils einen für rechteckige, kreisförmige und dreieckige Öffnungen: -\begin{verbatim} +\begin{lstlisting}[style=syntax] \psdiffractionRectangle[<Optionen>] \psdiffractionCircular[<Optionen>] \psdiffractionTriangle[<Optionen>] -\end{verbatim} +\end{lstlisting} \section{Die Farbe} @@ -161,117 +174,242 @@ verwendet, \texttt{[colorMode=1]} liefert das zugehörige Negativ. Die Optionen CMYK-Farbmodell bzw. RGB-Farbmodell. Defaultmä"sig sind folgende Werte voreingestellt: -\begin{itemize} - \item \texttt{[a=0.2e-3]} in m ; - \item \texttt{[k=1]} ; - \item \texttt{[f=5]} in m ; - \item \texttt{[lambda=650]} in nm ; - \item \texttt{[pixel=0.5]} ; - \item \texttt{[contrast=38]}, Maximalwert ; - \item \texttt{[colorMode=3]}. -\end{itemize} -\begin{center} -\begin{pspicture}(-4,-4)(4,4) +\begin{tabular}{@{}lll@{}} +\texttt{[a=0.2e-3]} in m; & \texttt{[k=1]}; & \texttt{[f=5]} in m;\\ +\texttt{[lambda=650]} in nm; & \texttt{[pixel=0.5]}; & \texttt{[contrast=38]}, Maximalwert;\\ +\texttt{[colorMode=3]}; & \texttt{[IIID=false]}. +\end{tabular} + +\bigskip +\noindent +\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-3.5)(3.5,3.5) \psdiffractionRectangle[f=2.5] -\uput[270](0,-3.5){$\backslash$\texttt{psdiffractionRectangle[f=2.5]}} \end{pspicture} -\end{center} -\begin{center} -\begin{pspicture}(-2,-4.5)(2,4.5) +\hfill +\begin{pspicture}(-1.5,-2.5)(3.5,3.5) +\psdiffractionRectangle[IIID,Alpha=30,f=2.5] +\end{pspicture} + +\begin{lstlisting}[style=example] +\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-3.5)(3.5,3.5) +\psdiffractionRectangle[f=2.5] +\end{pspicture} +\hfill +\begin{pspicture}(-1.5,-2.5)(3.5,3.5) +\psdiffractionRectangle[IIID,Alpha=30,f=2.5] +\end{pspicture} +\end{lstlisting} + + + +\noindent\begin{pspicture}(-2,-4)(2,4) \psdiffractionRectangle[a=0.5e-3,k=0.5,f=4,pixel=0.5,colorMode=0] -\uput[270](0,-4.5){$\backslash$\texttt{psdiffractionRectangle[a=0.5e-3,k=0.5,f=4,colorMode=0]}} \end{pspicture} -\end{center} -\begin{center} -\begin{pspicture}(-4,-2.5)(4,3) +\hfill +\begin{pspicture}(0,-3)(4,4) +\psdiffractionRectangle[IIID,a=0.5e-3,k=0.5,f=4,pixel=0.5,colorMode=0] +\end{pspicture} + + +\begin{lstlisting}[style=example] +\begin{pspicture}(-2,-4)(2,4) +\psdiffractionRectangle[a=0.5e-3,k=0.5,f=4,pixel=0.5,colorMode=0] +\end{pspicture} +\hfill +\begin{pspicture}(0,-3)(4,4) +\psdiffractionRectangle[IIID,a=0.5e-3,k=0.5,f=4,pixel=0.5,colorMode=0] +\end{pspicture} +\end{lstlisting} + + + +\noindent +\begin{pspicture}(-2.5,-2.5)(3.5,3) \psdiffractionRectangle[a=0.5e-3,k=2,f=10,lambda=515,colorMode=1] -\uput[270](0,-2){$\backslash$\texttt{psdiffractionRectangle[a=0.5e-3,k=2,f=10,lambda=515,colorMode=1]}} \end{pspicture} -\end{center} -\begin{center} -\begin{pspicture}(-4,-1)(4,1) -\psdiffractionRectangle[a=0.5e-3,k=20,f=10,pixel=0.5,lambda=450] -\uput[270](0,-0.5){$\backslash$\texttt{psdiffractionRectangle[a=0.5e-3,k=20,f=10,lambda=450]}} +\hfill +\begin{pspicture}(-1.5,-2)(3.5,3) +\psdiffractionRectangle[IIID,Alpha=20,a=0.5e-3,k=2,f=10,lambda=515,colorMode=1] \end{pspicture} -\end{center} +\begin{lstlisting}[style=example] +\begin{pspicture}(-2.5,-2.5)(3.5,3) +\psdiffractionRectangle[a=0.5e-3,k=2,f=10,lambda=515,colorMode=1] +\end{pspicture} +\hfill +\begin{pspicture}(-1.5,-2)(3.5,3) +\psdiffractionRectangle[IIID,Alpha=20,a=0.5e-3,k=2,f=10,lambda=515,colorMode=1] +\end{pspicture} +\end{lstlisting} + + +\noindent +\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-1)(3.5,1) +\psdiffractionRectangle[a=0.5e-3,k=20,f=10,pixel=0.5,lambda=450] +\end{pspicture} +\hfill +\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-1)(3.5,4) +\psdiffractionRectangle[IIID,Alpha=10,a=0.5e-3,k=20,f=10,pixel=0.5,lambda=450] +\end{pspicture} + +\begin{lstlisting}[style=example] +\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-1)(3.5,1) +\psdiffractionRectangle[a=0.5e-3,k=20,f=10,pixel=0.5,lambda=450] +\end{pspicture} +\hfill +\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-1)(3.5,4) +\psdiffractionRectangle[IIID,Alpha=10,a=0.5e-3,k=20,f=10,pixel=0.5,lambda=450] +\end{pspicture} +\end{lstlisting} \section{Beugung an zwei rechteckigen Blendenöffnungen} -%\begin{shaded} -%Diese Simulation wurde von Julien -%\textsc{Cubizolles} erstellt. -%\end{shaded} +\begin{shaded} +Der Code für diese Simulation wurde von Julien \textsc{Cubizolles} erstellt. +\end{shaded} Man kann auch das Beugungsmuster zweier kongruenter Rechtecke (so nebeneinander angeordnet, da"s ihre Grundlinie auf der $x$-Achse liegt) erstellen, indem man zusätzlich zu den Angaben für den Fall nur eines Rechtecks die Option \texttt{[twoSlit]} angibt. Defaultmä"sig ist \texttt{[twoSlit]} deaktiviert. Den Abstand zwischen den beiden Rechtecken kann man über die Option $s$ einstellen. Sie wird, wenn nichts anderes angegeben -wird, mit dem Wert -$\texttt{12e-3}\,\mathrm{m}$ belegt. +wird, mit dem Wert $12e^{-3}\,\mathrm{m}$ belegt. + \begin{center} +\noindent \begin{pspicture}(-4,-1)(4,1) \psdiffractionRectangle[a=0.5e-3,k=10,f=10,pixel=0.5,lambda=650,twoSlit,s=2e-3] -\uput[270](0,-0.5){$\backslash -$\texttt{psdiffractionRectangle[a=0.5e-3,k=10,f=10,pixel=0.5,lambda=650,twoSlit,s=2e-3]}} \end{pspicture} \end{center} -\clearpage + +\begin{lstlisting}[style=example] +\begin{pspicture}(-4,-1)(4,1) +\psdiffractionRectangle[a=0.5e-3,k=10,f=10,pixel=0.5,lambda=650,twoSlit,s=2e-3] +\end{pspicture} +\end{lstlisting} + +\begin{center} +\begin{pspicture}(-2,-1)(4,4) +\psdiffractionRectangle[IIID,Alpha=20,a=0.5e-3,k=10,f=10,pixel=0.5,lambda=650,twoSlit,s=2e-3] +\end{pspicture} +\end{center} + +\begin{lstlisting}[pos=t,style=example,wide=false] +\begin{pspicture}(-2,-1)(4,4) +\psdiffractionRectangle[IIID,Alpha=20,a=0.5e-3,k=10,f=10,pixel=0.5,lambda=650,twoSlit,s=2e-3] +\end{pspicture} +\end{lstlisting} -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \section{Beugung an einer kreisförmigen Blendenöffnung} Der Lochradius wird über den Buchstaben \texttt{r} angesprochen, beispielsweise \texttt{[r=1e-3]}. Der Default ist $r=1$ mm. Im ersten Quadranten wird der Graph der Intensitätsverteilung abgebildet (das Maximum in der Mitte wird abgeschnitten, -falls es über den oberen Rand der \texttt{pspicture}-Umgebung hinausgeht). +falls es über den oberen Rand der \psp-Umgebung hinausgeht). \begin{center} -\begin{pspicture}(-5,-5)(5,5) +\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-3.5)(3.5,3.5) \psdiffractionCircular[r=0.5e-3,f=10,pixel=0.5,lambda=520] -\uput[270](0,-5){$\backslash$\texttt{psdiffractionCircular[r=0.5e-3,f=10,lambda=520]}} +\end{pspicture} +% +\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-1.5)(3.5,3.5) +\psdiffractionCircular[IIID,r=0.5e-3,f=10,pixel=0.5,lambda=520] \end{pspicture} \end{center} + + +\begin{lstlisting}[style=example] +\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-3.5)(3.5,3.5) +\psdiffractionCircular[r=0.5e-3,f=10,pixel=0.5,lambda=520] +\end{pspicture} +% +\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-1.5)(3.5,3.5) +\psdiffractionCircular[IIID,r=0.5e-3,f=10,pixel=0.5,lambda=520] +\end{pspicture} +\end{lstlisting} + + + + + %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \section{Beugung an zwei kreisförmigen Blendenöffnungen} Es ist nur der Fall gleich gro"ser Radien vorgesehen, diesen gemeinsamen Radius spezifiziert man wie vorher über \texttt{[r=\dots]}. Au"serdem muss man den halben Abstand der beiden Kreismitten festlegen vermöge \texttt{[d=\dots]}, beispielsweise \texttt{[d=3e-3]}. Zusätzlich muss man die Option -\texttt{[twoHole]} verwenden.\\ -Der Bildaufbau kann in diesem Fall etwas länger dauern\dots +\texttt{[twoHole]} verwenden. Der Bildaufbau kann in diesem Fall etwas länger dauern\dots -\begin{center} -\begin{pspicture}(-5,-5)(5,4) +\begin{pspicture}(-3,-3.5)(3.5,3.5) \psdiffractionCircular[r=0.5e-3,f=10,d=3e-3,lambda=515,twoHole] -\uput[270](0,-4){$\backslash$\texttt{psdiffractionCircular[r=0.5e-3,f=10,d=3e-3,lambda=515,twoHole]}} \end{pspicture} -\end{center} -\begin{center} -\begin{pspicture}(-6,-6)(6,6) +% +\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-1.5)(3.5,3.5) +\psdiffractionCircular[IIID,r=0.5e-3,f=10,d=3e-3,lambda=515,twoHole] +\end{pspicture} + + +\begin{lstlisting}[style=example] +\begin{pspicture}(-3,-3.5)(3.5,3.5) +\psdiffractionCircular[r=0.5e-3,f=10,d=3e-3,lambda=515,twoHole] +\end{pspicture} +% +\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-1.5)(3.5,3.5) +\psdiffractionCircular[IIID,r=0.5e-3,f=10,d=3e-3,lambda=515,twoHole] +\end{pspicture} +\end{lstlisting} + + +\hspace*{-1cm}% +\begin{pspicture}(-3,-3)(3.5,4) \psdiffractionCircular[r=0.5e-3,f=10,d=2e-3,lambda=700,twoHole,colorMode=0] -\uput[270](0,-5){$\backslash$\texttt{psdiffractionCircular[r=0.5e-3,f=10,d=2e-3,lambda=700,twoHole,colorMode=0]}} \end{pspicture} -\end{center} +% +\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-2)(3.5,3.5) +\psdiffractionCircular[IIID,r=0.5e-3,f=10,d=2e-3,lambda=700,twoHole,colorMode=0] +\end{pspicture} + +\begin{lstlisting}[style=example] +\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-3)(3.5,4) +\psdiffractionCircular[r=0.5e-3,f=10,d=2e-3,lambda=700,twoHole,colorMode=0] +\end{pspicture} +% +\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-2)(3.5,3.5) +\psdiffractionCircular[IIID,r=0.5e-3,f=10,d=2e-3,lambda=700,twoHole,colorMode=0] +\end{pspicture} +\end{lstlisting} Nicht in jedem Fall ergibt sich im mittleren Kreis ein Streifenmuster. Die Anzahl $N$ der Streifen im Inneren ist gegeben durch $N=2,44\frac{d}{r}$. Man kann diesen Effekt also erst für $N\geq2$ bzw. ab $d=\frac{2r}{1,22}$ beobachten (siehe \url{http://www.unice.fr/DeptPhys/optique/diff/trouscirc/diffrac.html}). -\begin{center} -\begin{pspicture}(-5,-6)(5,5) + + +\hspace*{-1cm}% +\begin{pspicture}(-3,-3.5)(3,3.5) \psdiffractionCircular[r=0.5e-3,f=10,d=4.1e-4,lambda=632,twoHole] -\uput[270](0,-5){$\backslash$ -\texttt{psdiffractionCircular[r=0.5e-3,f=10,d=4.1e-4,lambda=632,twoHole]}} \end{pspicture} -\end{center} +% +\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-1.5)(3.5,3) +\psdiffractionCircular[IIID,r=0.5e-3,f=10,d=4.1e-4,lambda=632,twoHole] +\end{pspicture} + + +\begin{lstlisting}[style=example] +\begin{pspicture}(-3,-3.5)(3,3.5) +\psdiffractionCircular[r=0.5e-3,f=10,d=4.1e-4,lambda=632,twoHole] +\end{pspicture} +% +\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-1.5)(3.5,3) +\psdiffractionCircular[IIID,r=0.5e-3,f=10,d=4.1e-4,lambda=632,twoHole] +\end{pspicture} +\end{lstlisting} + -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \section{Brechung an einer dreieckigen Blendenöffnung} Es ist nur der Fall eines gleichseitigen Dreiecks vorgesehen. Als Option gibt man dessen Höhe \texttt{[h]} an, welche sich bekanntlich über $h=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}s$ aus der Seitenlänge $s$ @@ -283,29 +421,63 @@ des Dreiecks berechnet. Ein Schwarzweissbild erhält man mit \texttt{[colorMode= \pcline{|-|}(-0.732,-1)(0,-1) \Aput{$h$} \end{pspicture} - -\vspace{1cm} -$\backslash$\texttt{psdiffractionTriangle[f=10,h=1e-3,contrast=38,colorMode=]} +\end{center} \makebox[\linewidth]{% -\begin{pspicture}(-3,-3)(3,3) +\begin{pspicture}(-3,-3)(3,2.5) \psdiffractionTriangle[f=10,h=1e-3,lambda=515,contrast=38] -\uput[270](0,-2.5){default color mode (>1)} \end{pspicture} \quad -\begin{pspicture}(-3,-3)(3,3) +\begin{pspicture}(-3,-3)(3,2.5) \psdiffractionTriangle[f=10,h=1e-3,colorMode=1,contrast=38,lambda=515] -\uput[270](0,-2.5){\texttt{colorMode=1}} \end{pspicture} \quad -\begin{pspicture}(-3,-3)(3,3) +\begin{pspicture}(-3,-3)(3,2.5) \psdiffractionTriangle[f=10,h=1e-3,colorMode=0,contrast=38,lambda=515] -\uput[270](0,-2.5){\texttt{colorMode=0}} \end{pspicture}} -\end{center} +\begin{lstlisting}[style=example] +\begin{pspicture}(-3,-3)(3,2.5) +\psdiffractionTriangle[f=10,h=1e-3,lambda=515,contrast=38] +\end{pspicture} +\quad +\begin{pspicture}(-3,-3)(3,2.5) +\psdiffractionTriangle[f=10,h=1e-3,colorMode=1,contrast=38,lambda=515] +\end{pspicture} +\quad +\begin{pspicture}(-3,-3)(3,2.5) +\psdiffractionTriangle[f=10,h=1e-3,colorMode=0,contrast=38,lambda=515] +\end{pspicture} +\end{lstlisting} + + +\makebox[\linewidth]{% +\begin{pspicture}(-3,-2)(3,3.5) +\psdiffractionTriangle[IIID,f=10,h=1e-3,lambda=515,contrast=38] +\end{pspicture} +\quad +\begin{pspicture}(-3,-2)(3,3.5) +\psdiffractionTriangle[IIID,f=10,h=1e-3,colorMode=1,contrast=38,lambda=515] +\end{pspicture} +\quad +\begin{pspicture}(-3,-2)(3,3.5) +\psdiffractionTriangle[IIID,f=10,h=1e-3,colorMode=0,contrast=38,lambda=515] +\end{pspicture}} +\begin{lstlisting}[style=example] +\begin{pspicture}(-3,-2)(3,3.5) +\psdiffractionTriangle[IIID,f=10,h=1e-3,lambda=515,contrast=38] +\end{pspicture} +\quad +\begin{pspicture}(-3,-2)(3,3.5) +\psdiffractionTriangle[IIID,f=10,h=1e-3,colorMode=1,contrast=38,lambda=515] +\end{pspicture} +\quad +\begin{pspicture}(-3,-2)(3,3.5) +\psdiffractionTriangle[IIID,f=10,h=1e-3,colorMode=0,contrast=38,lambda=515] +\end{pspicture} +\end{lstlisting} %\section{Credits} |