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-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/pst-diffraction/pst-diffraction-docDE.tex314
1 files changed, 243 insertions, 71 deletions
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/pst-diffraction/pst-diffraction-docDE.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/pst-diffraction/pst-diffraction-docDE.tex
index 15e73c2bc07..27f528fcff0 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/pst-diffraction/pst-diffraction-docDE.tex
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/pst-diffraction/pst-diffraction-docDE.tex
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\documentclass[dvips,ngerman,a4paper]{article}
+\documentclass[ngerman,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[bmargin=2cm,tmargin=2cm]{geometry}
@@ -11,12 +11,25 @@
\usepackage{ccfonts}
\usepackage[euler-digits]{eulervm}
\usepackage[scaled=0.85]{luximono}
+\usepackage{xspace}
\def\UrlFont{\small\ttfamily}
+\newcommand*\psp{\texttt{pspicture}\xspace}
\makeatletter
\def\verbatim@font{\small\normalfont\ttfamily}
\makeatother
+\usepackage{showexpl}
+\lstdefinestyle{syntax}{backgroundcolor=\color{blue!20},numbers=none,xleftmargin=0pt,xrightmargin=0pt,
+ frame=single}
+\lstdefinestyle{example}{backgroundcolor=\color{red!20},numbers=none,xleftmargin=0pt,xrightmargin=0pt,
+ frame=single}
+\lstset{wide=true,language=PSTricks,
+ morekeywords={psdiffractionCircular,psdiffractionRectangle,psdiffractionTriangle}}
+
+
\usepackage{prettyref}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
+\usepackage{multicol}
+
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage[colorlinks,linktocpage]{hyperref}
@@ -38,7 +51,7 @@
\title{\texttt{pst-diffraction}\\[6pt]
\mbox{}\\[1cm]
Beugungsmuster für Beugung an kreisförmigen, rechteckigen und dreieckigen
-Öffnungen
+Öffnungen\\[10pt]
---\\[10pt]
{\normalsize v. \PSTfileversion (\PSTfiledate)}}
\author{%
@@ -66,6 +79,8 @@ Beiträge und Anmerkungen lieferten: Julien Cubizolles.
\begin{pspicture}(0,-3)(12,3)
\pnode(0,0){S} \pnode(4,1){L'1} \pnode(4,-1){L'2} \pnode(6,1){E'1} \pnode(6,-1){E'2}
\pnode(6,0.5){E1}\pnode(6,-0.5){E2}\pnode(8.5,1.5){L1}\pnode(8.5,0.5){L2}\pnode(11.5,1.25){P}
+\pspolygon[linestyle=none,fillstyle=vlines,
+ hatchcolor=yellow](S)(L'1)(E'1)(E1)(L1)(P)(L2)(E2)(E'2)(L'2)
% lentille L'
\pscustom[fillstyle=gradient,linecolor=blue,gradend=white]{%
\code{0.5 0.83333 scale}
@@ -76,8 +91,6 @@ Beiträge und Anmerkungen lieferten: Julien Cubizolles.
\code{1 1.5 scale}
\psarc(4.5,0){4.176}{-16.699}{16.699}
\psarc(12.5,0){4.176}{163.30}{196.699}}
-\pspolygon[linestyle=none,fillstyle=vlines,
- hatchcolor=yellow](S)(L'1)(E'1)(E1)(L1)(P)(L2)(E2)(E'2)(L'2)
\uput[90](4,1){$L'$}\uput[90](8.5,2){$L$}
\psdot(S)\uput[180](S){S}
\psline(S)(12,0)\psline[linewidth=2\pslinewidth](6,2)(6,0.5)\psline[linewidth=2\pslinewidth](6,-2)(6,-0.5)
@@ -117,11 +130,11 @@ Es gibt drei Befehle, jeweils einen für rechteckige, kreisförmige und
dreieckige Öffnungen:
-\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{lstlisting}[style=syntax]
\psdiffractionRectangle[<Optionen>]
\psdiffractionCircular[<Optionen>]
\psdiffractionTriangle[<Optionen>]
-\end{verbatim}
+\end{lstlisting}
\section{Die Farbe}
@@ -161,117 +174,242 @@ verwendet, \texttt{[colorMode=1]} liefert das zugehörige Negativ. Die Optionen
CMYK-Farbmodell bzw. RGB-Farbmodell.
Defaultmä"sig sind folgende Werte voreingestellt:
-\begin{itemize}
- \item \texttt{[a=0.2e-3]} in m ;
- \item \texttt{[k=1]} ;
- \item \texttt{[f=5]} in m ;
- \item \texttt{[lambda=650]} in nm ;
- \item \texttt{[pixel=0.5]} ;
- \item \texttt{[contrast=38]}, Maximalwert ;
- \item \texttt{[colorMode=3]}.
-\end{itemize}
-\begin{center}
-\begin{pspicture}(-4,-4)(4,4)
+\begin{tabular}{@{}lll@{}}
+\texttt{[a=0.2e-3]} in m; & \texttt{[k=1]}; & \texttt{[f=5]} in m;\\
+\texttt{[lambda=650]} in nm; & \texttt{[pixel=0.5]}; & \texttt{[contrast=38]}, Maximalwert;\\
+\texttt{[colorMode=3]}; & \texttt{[IIID=false]}.
+\end{tabular}
+
+\bigskip
+\noindent
+\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-3.5)(3.5,3.5)
\psdiffractionRectangle[f=2.5]
-\uput[270](0,-3.5){$\backslash$\texttt{psdiffractionRectangle[f=2.5]}}
\end{pspicture}
-\end{center}
-\begin{center}
-\begin{pspicture}(-2,-4.5)(2,4.5)
+\hfill
+\begin{pspicture}(-1.5,-2.5)(3.5,3.5)
+\psdiffractionRectangle[IIID,Alpha=30,f=2.5]
+\end{pspicture}
+
+\begin{lstlisting}[style=example]
+\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-3.5)(3.5,3.5)
+\psdiffractionRectangle[f=2.5]
+\end{pspicture}
+\hfill
+\begin{pspicture}(-1.5,-2.5)(3.5,3.5)
+\psdiffractionRectangle[IIID,Alpha=30,f=2.5]
+\end{pspicture}
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+
+
+\noindent\begin{pspicture}(-2,-4)(2,4)
\psdiffractionRectangle[a=0.5e-3,k=0.5,f=4,pixel=0.5,colorMode=0]
-\uput[270](0,-4.5){$\backslash$\texttt{psdiffractionRectangle[a=0.5e-3,k=0.5,f=4,colorMode=0]}}
\end{pspicture}
-\end{center}
-\begin{center}
-\begin{pspicture}(-4,-2.5)(4,3)
+\hfill
+\begin{pspicture}(0,-3)(4,4)
+\psdiffractionRectangle[IIID,a=0.5e-3,k=0.5,f=4,pixel=0.5,colorMode=0]
+\end{pspicture}
+
+
+\begin{lstlisting}[style=example]
+\begin{pspicture}(-2,-4)(2,4)
+\psdiffractionRectangle[a=0.5e-3,k=0.5,f=4,pixel=0.5,colorMode=0]
+\end{pspicture}
+\hfill
+\begin{pspicture}(0,-3)(4,4)
+\psdiffractionRectangle[IIID,a=0.5e-3,k=0.5,f=4,pixel=0.5,colorMode=0]
+\end{pspicture}
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+
+
+\noindent
+\begin{pspicture}(-2.5,-2.5)(3.5,3)
\psdiffractionRectangle[a=0.5e-3,k=2,f=10,lambda=515,colorMode=1]
-\uput[270](0,-2){$\backslash$\texttt{psdiffractionRectangle[a=0.5e-3,k=2,f=10,lambda=515,colorMode=1]}}
\end{pspicture}
-\end{center}
-\begin{center}
-\begin{pspicture}(-4,-1)(4,1)
-\psdiffractionRectangle[a=0.5e-3,k=20,f=10,pixel=0.5,lambda=450]
-\uput[270](0,-0.5){$\backslash$\texttt{psdiffractionRectangle[a=0.5e-3,k=20,f=10,lambda=450]}}
+\hfill
+\begin{pspicture}(-1.5,-2)(3.5,3)
+\psdiffractionRectangle[IIID,Alpha=20,a=0.5e-3,k=2,f=10,lambda=515,colorMode=1]
\end{pspicture}
-\end{center}
+\begin{lstlisting}[style=example]
+\begin{pspicture}(-2.5,-2.5)(3.5,3)
+\psdiffractionRectangle[a=0.5e-3,k=2,f=10,lambda=515,colorMode=1]
+\end{pspicture}
+\hfill
+\begin{pspicture}(-1.5,-2)(3.5,3)
+\psdiffractionRectangle[IIID,Alpha=20,a=0.5e-3,k=2,f=10,lambda=515,colorMode=1]
+\end{pspicture}
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+
+\noindent
+\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-1)(3.5,1)
+\psdiffractionRectangle[a=0.5e-3,k=20,f=10,pixel=0.5,lambda=450]
+\end{pspicture}
+\hfill
+\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-1)(3.5,4)
+\psdiffractionRectangle[IIID,Alpha=10,a=0.5e-3,k=20,f=10,pixel=0.5,lambda=450]
+\end{pspicture}
+
+\begin{lstlisting}[style=example]
+\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-1)(3.5,1)
+\psdiffractionRectangle[a=0.5e-3,k=20,f=10,pixel=0.5,lambda=450]
+\end{pspicture}
+\hfill
+\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-1)(3.5,4)
+\psdiffractionRectangle[IIID,Alpha=10,a=0.5e-3,k=20,f=10,pixel=0.5,lambda=450]
+\end{pspicture}
+\end{lstlisting}
\section{Beugung an zwei rechteckigen Blendenöffnungen}
-%\begin{shaded}
-%Diese Simulation wurde von Julien
-%\textsc{Cubizolles} erstellt.
-%\end{shaded}
+\begin{shaded}
+Der Code für diese Simulation wurde von Julien \textsc{Cubizolles} erstellt.
+\end{shaded}
Man kann auch das Beugungsmuster zweier kongruenter Rechtecke (so nebeneinander
angeordnet, da"s ihre Grundlinie auf der $x$-Achse liegt) erstellen,
indem man zusätzlich
zu den Angaben für den Fall nur eines Rechtecks die Option \texttt{[twoSlit]} angibt.
Defaultmä"sig ist \texttt{[twoSlit]} deaktiviert. Den Abstand zwischen den beiden
Rechtecken kann man über die Option $s$ einstellen. Sie wird, wenn nichts anderes angegeben
-wird, mit dem Wert
-$\texttt{12e-3}\,\mathrm{m}$ belegt.
+wird, mit dem Wert $12e^{-3}\,\mathrm{m}$ belegt.
+
\begin{center}
+\noindent
\begin{pspicture}(-4,-1)(4,1)
\psdiffractionRectangle[a=0.5e-3,k=10,f=10,pixel=0.5,lambda=650,twoSlit,s=2e-3]
-\uput[270](0,-0.5){$\backslash
-$\texttt{psdiffractionRectangle[a=0.5e-3,k=10,f=10,pixel=0.5,lambda=650,twoSlit,s=2e-3]}}
\end{pspicture}
\end{center}
-\clearpage
+
+\begin{lstlisting}[style=example]
+\begin{pspicture}(-4,-1)(4,1)
+\psdiffractionRectangle[a=0.5e-3,k=10,f=10,pixel=0.5,lambda=650,twoSlit,s=2e-3]
+\end{pspicture}
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+\begin{center}
+\begin{pspicture}(-2,-1)(4,4)
+\psdiffractionRectangle[IIID,Alpha=20,a=0.5e-3,k=10,f=10,pixel=0.5,lambda=650,twoSlit,s=2e-3]
+\end{pspicture}
+\end{center}
+
+\begin{lstlisting}[pos=t,style=example,wide=false]
+\begin{pspicture}(-2,-1)(4,4)
+\psdiffractionRectangle[IIID,Alpha=20,a=0.5e-3,k=10,f=10,pixel=0.5,lambda=650,twoSlit,s=2e-3]
+\end{pspicture}
+\end{lstlisting}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Beugung an einer kreisförmigen Blendenöffnung}
Der Lochradius wird über den Buchstaben \texttt{r} angesprochen, beispielsweise
\texttt{[r=1e-3]}. Der Default ist $r=1$ mm. Im ersten Quadranten wird der Graph der
Intensitätsverteilung abgebildet (das Maximum in der Mitte wird abgeschnitten,
-falls es über den oberen Rand der \texttt{pspicture}-Umgebung hinausgeht).
+falls es über den oberen Rand der \psp-Umgebung hinausgeht).
\begin{center}
-\begin{pspicture}(-5,-5)(5,5)
+\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-3.5)(3.5,3.5)
\psdiffractionCircular[r=0.5e-3,f=10,pixel=0.5,lambda=520]
-\uput[270](0,-5){$\backslash$\texttt{psdiffractionCircular[r=0.5e-3,f=10,lambda=520]}}
+\end{pspicture}
+%
+\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-1.5)(3.5,3.5)
+\psdiffractionCircular[IIID,r=0.5e-3,f=10,pixel=0.5,lambda=520]
\end{pspicture}
\end{center}
+
+
+\begin{lstlisting}[style=example]
+\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-3.5)(3.5,3.5)
+\psdiffractionCircular[r=0.5e-3,f=10,pixel=0.5,lambda=520]
+\end{pspicture}
+%
+\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-1.5)(3.5,3.5)
+\psdiffractionCircular[IIID,r=0.5e-3,f=10,pixel=0.5,lambda=520]
+\end{pspicture}
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+
+
+
+
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Beugung an zwei kreisförmigen Blendenöffnungen}
Es ist nur der Fall gleich gro"ser Radien vorgesehen, diesen gemeinsamen Radius
spezifiziert man wie vorher über \texttt{[r=\dots]}. Au"serdem muss man den
halben Abstand der beiden Kreismitten festlegen vermöge \texttt{[d=\dots]},
beispielsweise \texttt{[d=3e-3]}. Zusätzlich muss man die Option
-\texttt{[twoHole]} verwenden.\\
-Der Bildaufbau kann in diesem Fall etwas länger dauern\dots
+\texttt{[twoHole]} verwenden. Der Bildaufbau kann in diesem Fall etwas länger dauern\dots
-\begin{center}
-\begin{pspicture}(-5,-5)(5,4)
+\begin{pspicture}(-3,-3.5)(3.5,3.5)
\psdiffractionCircular[r=0.5e-3,f=10,d=3e-3,lambda=515,twoHole]
-\uput[270](0,-4){$\backslash$\texttt{psdiffractionCircular[r=0.5e-3,f=10,d=3e-3,lambda=515,twoHole]}}
\end{pspicture}
-\end{center}
-\begin{center}
-\begin{pspicture}(-6,-6)(6,6)
+%
+\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-1.5)(3.5,3.5)
+\psdiffractionCircular[IIID,r=0.5e-3,f=10,d=3e-3,lambda=515,twoHole]
+\end{pspicture}
+
+
+\begin{lstlisting}[style=example]
+\begin{pspicture}(-3,-3.5)(3.5,3.5)
+\psdiffractionCircular[r=0.5e-3,f=10,d=3e-3,lambda=515,twoHole]
+\end{pspicture}
+%
+\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-1.5)(3.5,3.5)
+\psdiffractionCircular[IIID,r=0.5e-3,f=10,d=3e-3,lambda=515,twoHole]
+\end{pspicture}
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+
+\hspace*{-1cm}%
+\begin{pspicture}(-3,-3)(3.5,4)
\psdiffractionCircular[r=0.5e-3,f=10,d=2e-3,lambda=700,twoHole,colorMode=0]
-\uput[270](0,-5){$\backslash$\texttt{psdiffractionCircular[r=0.5e-3,f=10,d=2e-3,lambda=700,twoHole,colorMode=0]}}
\end{pspicture}
-\end{center}
+%
+\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-2)(3.5,3.5)
+\psdiffractionCircular[IIID,r=0.5e-3,f=10,d=2e-3,lambda=700,twoHole,colorMode=0]
+\end{pspicture}
+
+\begin{lstlisting}[style=example]
+\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-3)(3.5,4)
+\psdiffractionCircular[r=0.5e-3,f=10,d=2e-3,lambda=700,twoHole,colorMode=0]
+\end{pspicture}
+%
+\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-2)(3.5,3.5)
+\psdiffractionCircular[IIID,r=0.5e-3,f=10,d=2e-3,lambda=700,twoHole,colorMode=0]
+\end{pspicture}
+\end{lstlisting}
Nicht in jedem Fall ergibt sich im mittleren Kreis ein Streifenmuster. Die Anzahl $N$ der Streifen
im Inneren ist gegeben durch $N=2,44\frac{d}{r}$. Man kann diesen Effekt also erst für
$N\geq2$ bzw. ab $d=\frac{2r}{1,22}$ beobachten (siehe
\url{http://www.unice.fr/DeptPhys/optique/diff/trouscirc/diffrac.html}).
-\begin{center}
-\begin{pspicture}(-5,-6)(5,5)
+
+
+\hspace*{-1cm}%
+\begin{pspicture}(-3,-3.5)(3,3.5)
\psdiffractionCircular[r=0.5e-3,f=10,d=4.1e-4,lambda=632,twoHole]
-\uput[270](0,-5){$\backslash$
-\texttt{psdiffractionCircular[r=0.5e-3,f=10,d=4.1e-4,lambda=632,twoHole]}}
\end{pspicture}
-\end{center}
+%
+\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-1.5)(3.5,3)
+\psdiffractionCircular[IIID,r=0.5e-3,f=10,d=4.1e-4,lambda=632,twoHole]
+\end{pspicture}
+
+
+\begin{lstlisting}[style=example]
+\begin{pspicture}(-3,-3.5)(3,3.5)
+\psdiffractionCircular[r=0.5e-3,f=10,d=4.1e-4,lambda=632,twoHole]
+\end{pspicture}
+%
+\begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-1.5)(3.5,3)
+\psdiffractionCircular[IIID,r=0.5e-3,f=10,d=4.1e-4,lambda=632,twoHole]
+\end{pspicture}
+\end{lstlisting}
+
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Brechung an einer dreieckigen Blendenöffnung}
Es ist nur der Fall eines gleichseitigen Dreiecks vorgesehen. Als Option gibt man dessen Höhe
\texttt{[h]} an, welche sich bekanntlich über $h=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}s$ aus der Seitenlänge $s$
@@ -283,29 +421,63 @@ des Dreiecks berechnet. Ein Schwarzweissbild erhält man mit \texttt{[colorMode=
\pcline{|-|}(-0.732,-1)(0,-1)
\Aput{$h$}
\end{pspicture}
-
-\vspace{1cm}
-$\backslash$\texttt{psdiffractionTriangle[f=10,h=1e-3,contrast=38,colorMode=]}
+\end{center}
\makebox[\linewidth]{%
-\begin{pspicture}(-3,-3)(3,3)
+\begin{pspicture}(-3,-3)(3,2.5)
\psdiffractionTriangle[f=10,h=1e-3,lambda=515,contrast=38]
-\uput[270](0,-2.5){default color mode (>1)}
\end{pspicture}
\quad
-\begin{pspicture}(-3,-3)(3,3)
+\begin{pspicture}(-3,-3)(3,2.5)
\psdiffractionTriangle[f=10,h=1e-3,colorMode=1,contrast=38,lambda=515]
-\uput[270](0,-2.5){\texttt{colorMode=1}}
\end{pspicture}
\quad
-\begin{pspicture}(-3,-3)(3,3)
+\begin{pspicture}(-3,-3)(3,2.5)
\psdiffractionTriangle[f=10,h=1e-3,colorMode=0,contrast=38,lambda=515]
-\uput[270](0,-2.5){\texttt{colorMode=0}}
\end{pspicture}}
-\end{center}
+\begin{lstlisting}[style=example]
+\begin{pspicture}(-3,-3)(3,2.5)
+\psdiffractionTriangle[f=10,h=1e-3,lambda=515,contrast=38]
+\end{pspicture}
+\quad
+\begin{pspicture}(-3,-3)(3,2.5)
+\psdiffractionTriangle[f=10,h=1e-3,colorMode=1,contrast=38,lambda=515]
+\end{pspicture}
+\quad
+\begin{pspicture}(-3,-3)(3,2.5)
+\psdiffractionTriangle[f=10,h=1e-3,colorMode=0,contrast=38,lambda=515]
+\end{pspicture}
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+
+\makebox[\linewidth]{%
+\begin{pspicture}(-3,-2)(3,3.5)
+\psdiffractionTriangle[IIID,f=10,h=1e-3,lambda=515,contrast=38]
+\end{pspicture}
+\quad
+\begin{pspicture}(-3,-2)(3,3.5)
+\psdiffractionTriangle[IIID,f=10,h=1e-3,colorMode=1,contrast=38,lambda=515]
+\end{pspicture}
+\quad
+\begin{pspicture}(-3,-2)(3,3.5)
+\psdiffractionTriangle[IIID,f=10,h=1e-3,colorMode=0,contrast=38,lambda=515]
+\end{pspicture}}
+\begin{lstlisting}[style=example]
+\begin{pspicture}(-3,-2)(3,3.5)
+\psdiffractionTriangle[IIID,f=10,h=1e-3,lambda=515,contrast=38]
+\end{pspicture}
+\quad
+\begin{pspicture}(-3,-2)(3,3.5)
+\psdiffractionTriangle[IIID,f=10,h=1e-3,colorMode=1,contrast=38,lambda=515]
+\end{pspicture}
+\quad
+\begin{pspicture}(-3,-2)(3,3.5)
+\psdiffractionTriangle[IIID,f=10,h=1e-3,colorMode=0,contrast=38,lambda=515]
+\end{pspicture}
+\end{lstlisting}
%\section{Credits}