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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/pgf/version-for-tex4ht/en/pgfmanualse9.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/pgf/version-for-tex4ht/en/pgfmanualse9.html deleted file mode 100644 index 9f7e7eefd84..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/pgf/version-for-tex4ht/en/pgfmanualse9.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4719 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" - "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> -<html > -<head><title>9 Syntax for Path Specifications</title> -<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> -<meta name="generator" content="TeX4ht (http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht/mn.html)"> -<meta name="originator" content="TeX4ht (http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht/mn.html)"> -<!-- html --> -<meta name="src" content="pgfmanual.tex"> -<meta name="date" content="2005-11-15 18:41:00"> -<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="pgfmanual.css"> -</head><body -> - <div class="crosslinks"><p class="noindent">[<a -href="pgfmanualse10.html" >next</a>] [<a -href="pgfmanualse8.html" >prev</a>] [<a -href="pgfmanualse8.html#tailpgfmanualse8.html" >prev-tail</a>] [<a -href="#tailpgfmanualse9.html">tail</a>] [<a -href="pgfmanual.html#pgfmanualse9.html" >up</a>] </p></div> - <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9 </span> <a - id="x10-970009"></a>Syntax for Path Specifications</h3> -<!--l. 10--><p class="noindent">A <span -class="cmti-10">path </span>is a series of straight and curved line segments. It is specified following a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">\path</span></span></span> command and -the specification must follow a special syntax, which is described in the subsections of the present -section. -<!--l. 16--><p class="indent"> - <dl class="description"><dt class="description"> -<span -class="colorbox" id="colorbox25"><span -class="cmtt-10">\path</span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">specification</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">;</span></span></span></span> </dt><dd -class="description"> -<a - id="dx10-97001"></a> - <!--l. 17--><p class="noindent">This command is available only inside a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">{tikzpicture}</span></span></span> environment. - <!--l. 19--><p class="noindent">The <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">specification</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>is a long stream of <span -class="cmti-10">path operations</span>. Most of these path operations tell Ti<span -class="cmti-10">k</span>Z how - the path is build. For example, when you write <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">--(0,0)</span></span></span>, you use a <span -class="cmti-10">line-to operation </span>and it means - “continue the path from wherever you are to the origin.” - <!--l. 25--><p class="noindent">At any point where Ti<span -class="cmti-10">k</span>Z expects a path operation, you can also give some graphic options, which - is a list of options in brackets, such as <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">[rounded</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> corners]</span></span></span>. These options can have different - effects: - <ol type="1" class="enumerate1" > - <li class="enumerate" value="1" -><a - id="x10-97003x1"></a>Some options take “immediate” effect and apply to all subsequent path operations on the path. - For example, the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">rounded</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> corners</span></span></span> option will round all following corners, but not the corners - “before” and if the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">sharp</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> corners</span></span></span> is given later on the path (in a new set of brackets), the - rounding effect will end. - <!--l. 37--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-95-" ><colgroup id="TBL-95-1g"><col -id="TBL-95-1"><col -id="TBL-95-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-95-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-95-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-99.svg" width="115.34386 " height="39.47017 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-95-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"><br><span -class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,1)</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> [rounded</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> corners]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,1)</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> [sharp</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> corners]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,1);</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - <!--l. 42--><p class="noindent">Another example are the transformation options, which also apply only to subsequent coordinates. - </li> - <li class="enumerate" value="2" -><a - id="x10-97005x2"></a>The options that have immediate effect can be “scoped” by putting part of a path in curly braces. For - example, the above example could also be written as follows: - <!--l. 49--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-96-" ><colgroup id="TBL-96-1g"><col -id="TBL-96-1"><col -id="TBL-96-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-96-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-96-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-100.svg" width="115.34386 " height="39.47017 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-96-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"><br><span -class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,1)</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {[rounded</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> corners]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,1)}</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,1);</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - </li> - <li class="enumerate" value="3" -><a - id="x10-97007x3"></a>Some options only apply to the path as a whole. For example, the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">color=</span></span></span> option for determining the - color used for, say, drawing the path always applies to all parts of the path. If several different - colors are given for different parts of the path, only the last one (on the outermost scope) - “wins”: - <!--l. 61--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-97-" ><colgroup id="TBL-97-1g"><col -id="TBL-97-1"><col -id="TBL-97-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-97-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-97-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-101.svg" width="115.34386 " height="39.47017 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-97-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"><br><span -class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,1)</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> [color=red]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,1)</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> [color=blue]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,1);</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - <!--l. 67--><p class="noindent">Most options are of this type. In the above example, we would have had to “split up” the path into - several <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">\path</span></span></span> commands: - - - <!--l. 69--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-98-" ><colgroup id="TBL-98-1g"><col -id="TBL-98-1"><col -id="TBL-98-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-98-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-98-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-102.svg" width="115.34386 " height="39.47017 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-98-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"><br><span -class="cmtt-8">\tikz{\draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,1);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> [color=red]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,1);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> [color=blue]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,1);}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - </li></ol> - <!--l. 76--><p class="noindent">By default, the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">\path</span></span></span> command does “nothing” with the path, it just “throws it away.” Thus, if you write - <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">\path(0,0)--(1,1);</span></span></span>, nothing is drawn in your picture. The only effect is that the area occupied by the - picture is (possibly) enlarged so that the path fits inside the area. To actually “do” something with the path, - an option like <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">draw</span></span></span> or <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">fill</span></span></span> must be given somewhere on the path. Commands like <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">\draw</span></span></span> do this - implicitly. - <!--l. 85--><p class="noindent">Finally, it is also possible to give <span -class="cmti-10">node specifications </span>on a path. Such specifications can come at - different locations, but they are always allowed when a normal path operation could follow. A - node specification starts with <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">node</span></span></span>. Basically, the effect is to typeset the node’s text as normal - <span class="TEX">T<span -class="E">E</span>X</span> text and to place it at the “current location” on the path. The details are explained in - Section <a -href="pgfmanualse11.html#x12-13600011">11<!--tex4ht:ref: section-nodes --></a>. - <!--l. 93--><p class="noindent">Note, however, that the nodes are <span -class="cmti-10">not </span>part of the path in any way. Rather, after everything has been done - with the path what is specified by the path options (like filling and drawing the path due to a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">fill</span></span></span> - and a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">draw</span></span></span> option somewhere in the <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">specification</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span>), the nodes are added in a post-processing - step. - <!--l. 100--><p class="noindent">The following style influences scopes: - <ul class="itemize1"> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">style=</span><span -class="cmtt-10">every path</span><a - id="dx10-97008"></a><a - id="dx10-97009"></a> This style is installed at the beginning of every path. This can be useful for - (temporarily) adding, say, the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">draw</span></span></span> option to everything in a scope. - <!--l. 106--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-99-" ><colgroup id="TBL-99-1g"><col -id="TBL-99-1"><col -id="TBL-99-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-99-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-99-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-103.svg" width="115.34386 " height="39.47017 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-99-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}[fill=examplefill]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">%</span><span -class="cmsltt-10x-x-80"> only</span><span -class="cmsltt-10x-x-80"> sets</span><span -class="cmsltt-10x-x-80"> the</span><span -class="cmsltt-10x-x-80"> color</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \tikzstyle{every</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> path}=[draw]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">%</span><span -class="cmsltt-10x-x-80"> all</span><span -class="cmsltt-10x-x-80"> paths</span><span -class="cmsltt-10x-x-80"> are</span><span -class="cmsltt-10x-x-80"> drawn</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \fill</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> rectangle</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> +(1,1);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \shade</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> rectangle</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> +(1,1);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - </li></ul> - </dd></dl> -<!--l. 119--><p class="noindent"> - <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1 </span> <a - id="x10-980009.1"></a>The Move-To Operation</h4> -<!--l. 121--><p class="noindent">The perhaps simplest operation is the move-to operation, which is specified by just giving a coordinate where a path -operation is expected. -<!--l. 125--><p class="indent"> - <dl class="description"><dt class="description"> -<span -class="colorbox" id="colorbox26"><span id="textcolor27"><span -class="cmtt-10">\path</span> ...</span> <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">coordinate</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span> <span id="textcolor28">...<span -class="cmtt-10">;</span></span></span> </dt><dd -class="description"> -<a - id="dx10-98001"></a> -<a - id="dx10-98002"></a> - <!--l. 128--><p class="noindent">The move-to operation normally starts a path at a certain point. This does not cause a line segment - to be created, but it specifies the starting point of the next segment. If a path is already under - construction, that is, if several segments have already been created, a move-to operation will start a - new part of the path that is not connected to any of the previous segments. - <!--l. 135--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-100-" ><colgroup id="TBL-100-1g"><col -id="TBL-100-1"><col -id="TBL-100-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-100-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-100-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-104.svg" width="77.40701 " height="39.47017 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-100-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --(2,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --(2,1);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - - - <!--l. 141--><p class="noindent">In the specification <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">(0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> --(2,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> (0,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> --(2,1)</span></span></span> two move-to operations are specified: <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">(0,0)</span></span></span> and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">(0,1)</span></span></span>. - The other two operations, namely <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">--(2,0)</span></span></span> and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">--(2,1)</span></span></span> are line-to operations, described next. - </dd></dl> -<!--l. 148--><p class="noindent"> - <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.2 </span> <a - id="x10-990009.2"></a>The Line-To Operation</h4> -<!--l. 151--><p class="noindent"> - <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.2.1 </span> <a - id="x10-1000009.2.1"></a>Straight Lines</h5> -<!--l. 153--><p class="noindent"> - <dl class="description"><dt class="description"> -<span -class="colorbox" id="colorbox29"><span id="textcolor30"><span -class="cmtt-10">\path</span> ...</span> <span -class="cmtt-10">--</span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">coordinate</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span> <span id="textcolor31">...<span -class="cmtt-10">;</span></span></span> </dt><dd -class="description"> -<a - id="dx10-100001"></a> -<a - id="dx10-100002"></a> - <!--l. 154--><p class="noindent">The line-to operation extends the current path from the current point in a straight line to the given - coordinate. The “current point” is the endpoint of the previous drawing operation or the point specified - by a prior move-to operation. - <!--l. 159--><p class="noindent">You use two minus signs followed by a coordinate in round brackets. You can add spaces before and - after the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">--</span></span></span>. - <!--l. 162--><p class="noindent">When a line-to operation is used and some path segment has just been constructed, for example by - another line-to operation, the two line segments become joined. This means that if they are drawn, the - point where they meet is “joined” smoothly. To appreciate the difference, consider the following two - examples: In the left example, the path consists of two path segments that are not joined, but that - happen to share a point, while in the right example a smooth join is shown. - <!--l. 170--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><object data="pgfmanual-105.svg" width="204.0175 " height="64.5719 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-101-" ><colgroup id="TBL-101-1g"><col -id="TBL-101-1"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-101-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-101-1-1" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}[line</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> width=10pt]</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --(1,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --(2,0);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (4,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (5,0);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \useasboundingbox</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,1.5);</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">%</span><span -class="cmsltt-10x-x-80"> make</span><span -class="cmsltt-10x-x-80"> bounding</span><span -class="cmsltt-10x-x-80"> box</span><span -class="cmsltt-10x-x-80"> higher</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - </dd></dl> -<!--l. 181--><p class="noindent"> - <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.2.2 </span> <a - id="x10-1010009.2.2"></a>Horizontal and Vertical Lines</h5> -<!--l. 183--><p class="noindent">Sometimes you want to connect two points via straight lines that are only horizontal and vertical. For this, you can -use two path construction operations. -<!--l. 188--><p class="indent"> - <dl class="description"><dt class="description"> -<span -class="colorbox" id="colorbox32"><span id="textcolor33"><span -class="cmtt-10">\path</span> ...</span> <span -class="cmtt-10">-|</span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">coordinate</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span> <span id="textcolor34">...<span -class="cmtt-10">;</span></span></span> </dt><dd -class="description"> -<a - id="dx10-101001"></a> -<a - id="dx10-101002"></a> - <!--l. 191--><p class="noindent">This operation means “first horizontal, then vertical.” - <!--l. 193--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-102-" ><colgroup id="TBL-102-1g"><col -id="TBL-102-1"><col -id="TBL-102-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-102-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-102-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-106.svg" width="86.85094 " height="67.43805 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-102-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> node(a)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> [draw]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {A}</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> node(b)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> [draw]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {B};</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a.north)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> |-</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (b.west);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[color=red]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a.east)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> -|</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,1.5)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> -|</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (b.north);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - - - </dd></dl> -<!--l. 201--><p class="noindent"> - <dl class="description"><dt class="description"> -<span -class="colorbox" id="colorbox35"><span id="textcolor36"><span -class="cmtt-10">\path</span> ...</span> <span -class="cmtt-10">|-</span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">coordinate</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span> <span id="textcolor37">...<span -class="cmtt-10">;</span></span></span> </dt><dd -class="description"> -<a - id="dx10-101003"></a> -<a - id="dx10-101004"></a> - <!--l. 204--><p class="noindent">This operations means “first vertical, then horizontal.” </dd></dl> -<!--l. 209--><p class="noindent"> - <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.2.3 </span> <a - id="x10-1020009.2.3"></a>Snaked Lines</h5> -<!--l. 212--><p class="noindent">The line-to operation can not only be used to append straight lines to the path, but also “snaked” lines (called thus -because they look a little bit like snakes seen from above). -<!--l. 216--><p class="indent"> Ti<span -class="cmti-10">k</span>Z and <span -class="cmcsc-10"><small -class="small-caps">P</small><small -class="small-caps">G</small><small -class="small-caps">F</small></span> use a concept that I termed <span -class="cmti-10">snakes </span>for appending such “squiggly” lines. A snake specifies a way -of extending a path between two points in a “fancy manner.” -<!--l. 220--><p class="indent"> Normally, a snake will just connect the start point to the end point without starting new subpaths. Thus, a path -containing a snaked line can, nevetheless, still be used for filling. However, this is not always the case. Some snakes -consist of numerous unconnected segments. “Lines” consisting of such snakes cannot be used as the borders of -enclosed areas. -<!--l. 227--><p class="indent"> Here are some examples of snakes in action: -<!--l. 229--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-103-" ><colgroup id="TBL-103-1g"><col -id="TBL-103-1"><col -id="TBL-103-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-103-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-103-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-107.svg" width="115.87718 " height="128.8768 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-103-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}[thick]</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,3)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,3);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[snake=zigzag]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,2.5)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,2.5);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[snake=brace]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,2)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,2);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[snake=triangles]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,1.5)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,1.5);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[snake=coil,segment</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> length=4pt]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,1);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[snake=coil,segment</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> aspect=0]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,.5)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,.5);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[snake=expanding</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> waves,segment</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> angle=7]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,0);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> -<!--l. 241--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"> -<table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-104-" ><colgroup id="TBL-104-1g"><col -id="TBL-104-1"><col -id="TBL-104-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-104-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-104-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-108.svg" width="121.98506 " height="84.05968 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-104-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \filldraw[fill=red!20,snake=bumps]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> rectangle</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,2);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> -<!--l. 247--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-105-" ><colgroup id="TBL-105-1g"><col -id="TBL-105-1"><col -id="TBL-105-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-105-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-105-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-109.svg" width="120.22421 " height="84.07007 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-105-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \filldraw[fill=blue!20]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,3)</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> [snake=saw]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,3)</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> [snake=coil,segment</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> aspect=0]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,1)</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> [snake=bumps]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> -|</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,3);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - - -<!--l. 256--><p class="indent"> No special path operation is needed to use a snake. Instead, you use the following option to “switch on” -snaking: - <ul class="itemize1"> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">snake</span><a - id="dx10-102001"></a><a - id="dx10-102002"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">snake name</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span> This option causes the snake <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">snake name</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>to be used for subsequent line-to - operations. So, whenever you use the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">--</span></span></span> syntax to specify that a straight line should be added to the - path, a snake to this path will be added instead. Snakes will also be used when you use the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">-|</span></span></span> and - <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">|-</span></span></span> syntax and also when you use the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">rectangle</span></span></span> operation. Snakes will <span -class="cmti-10">not </span>be used when you use the - curve-to operation nor when any other “curved” line is added to the path. - <!--l. 270--><p class="noindent">This option has to be given anew for each path. However, you can also leave out the <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">snake name</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span>. In - this case, the enclosing scope’s <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">snake name</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>is used. Thus, you can specify a “standard” snake name - for scope and then just say <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">\draw[snake]</span></span></span> every time this snake should actually be used. - <!--l. 276--><p class="noindent">The <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">snake name</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">none</span></span></span> is special. It can be used to switch off snaking after it has been switched on - on a path. - <!--l. 279--><p class="noindent">A bit strangely, no valid <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">snake names</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>are defined by Ti<span -class="cmti-10">k</span>Z by default. Instead, you have to include - the library package <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">pgflibrarysnakes</span></span></span>. This package defines numerous snakes, see Section <a -href="pgfmanualse14.html#x15-16700014.2">14.2<!--tex4ht:ref: section-library-snakes --></a> for - the complete list.</li></ul> -<!--l. 285--><p class="indent"> Most snakes can be configured. For example, for a snake that looks like a sine curve, you might wish to change -the amplitude or the frequency. There are numerous options that influence these parameters. Not all options apply -to all snakes, see Section <a -href="pgfmanualse14.html#x15-16700014.2">14.2<!--tex4ht:ref: section-library-snakes --></a> once more for details. - <ul class="itemize1"> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">gap before snakes</span><a - id="dx10-102003"></a><a - id="dx10-102004"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>This option allows you to add a certain “gap” to the snake at its beginning. - The snake will not start at the current point; instead the start point of the snake is move be <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>in - the direction of the target. - <!--l. 297--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-106-" ><colgroup id="TBL-106-1g"><col -id="TBL-106-1"><col -id="TBL-106-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-106-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-106-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-110.svg" width="115.21051 " height="77.45523 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-106-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[help</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> lines]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> grid</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,2);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[snake=zigzag]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> ++(3,1);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[snake=zigzag,gap</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> before</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> snake=1cm]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> ++(3,1);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">gap after snake</span><a - id="dx10-102005"></a><a - id="dx10-102006"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>This option has the same effect as <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">gap</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> before</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> snake</span></span></span>, only it affects the end - of the snake, which will “end early.” - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">gap around snake</span><a - id="dx10-102007"></a><a - id="dx10-102008"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>This option sets the gap before and after the gap to <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span>. - <!--l. 310--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-107-" ><colgroup id="TBL-107-1g"><col -id="TBL-107-1"><col -id="TBL-107-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-107-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-107-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-111.svg" width="115.21051 " height="78.32304 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-107-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[help</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> lines]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> grid</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,2);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[snake=brace]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> ++(3,1);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[snake=brace,gap</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> around</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> snake=5mm]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> ++(3,1);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">line before snake</span><a - id="dx10-102009"></a><a - id="dx10-102010"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>This option works like <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">gap</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> before</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> snake</span></span></span>, only it will connect the current - point with a straight line to the start of the snake. - - - <!--l. 320--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-108-" ><colgroup id="TBL-108-1g"><col -id="TBL-108-1"><col -id="TBL-108-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-108-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-108-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-112.svg" width="115.21051 " height="77.45523 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-108-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[help</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> lines]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> grid</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,2);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[snake=zigzag]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> ++(3,1);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[snake=zigzag,line</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> before</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> snake=1cm]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> ++(3,1);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">line after snake</span><a - id="dx10-102011"></a><a - id="dx10-102012"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>Works line <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">gap</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> after</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> snake</span></span></span>, only it adds a straight line. - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">line around snake</span><a - id="dx10-102013"></a><a - id="dx10-102014"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>Works line <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">gap</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> around</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> snake</span></span></span>, only it adds straight lines. - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">raise snake</span><a - id="dx10-102015"></a><a - id="dx10-102016"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>This option can be used with all snakes. It will offset the snake by “raising” it by - <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span>. A negative <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>will lower the snake. Raising and lowering is always relative to the line - along which the snake is drawn. Here is an example: - <!--l. 336--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-109-" ><colgroup id="TBL-109-1g"><col -id="TBL-109-1"><col -id="TBL-109-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-109-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-109-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-113.svg" width="95.48378 " height="56.93579 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-109-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \node</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {A};</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \node</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (b)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> at</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {B};</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (b);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[snake=brace]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (b);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[snake=brace,raise</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> snake=5pt,red]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (b);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">mirror snake</span><a - id="dx10-102017"></a><a - id="dx10-102018"></a> This option causes the snake to be “reflected along the path.” This is best understood by - looking at an example: - <!--l. 348--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-110-" ><colgroup id="TBL-110-1g"><col -id="TBL-110-1"><col -id="TBL-110-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-110-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-110-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-114.svg" width="95.48378 " height="56.93579 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-110-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \node</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {A};</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \node</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (b)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> at</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {B};</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (b);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[snake=brace]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (b);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[snake=brace,mirror</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> snake,red,thick]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (b);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - <!--l. 357--><p class="noindent">This option can be used with every snake and can be combined with the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">raise</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> snake</span></span></span> option. - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">segment amplitude</span><a - id="dx10-102019"></a><a - id="dx10-102020"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>This option sets the “amplitude” of the snake. For a snake that - is a sine wave this would be the amplitude of this line. For other snakes this value typically - describes how far the snakes “rises above” or “falls below” the path. For some snakes, this value is - ignored. - - - <!--l. 365--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-111-" ><colgroup id="TBL-111-1g"><col -id="TBL-111-1"><col -id="TBL-111-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-111-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-111-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-115.svg" width="95.57637 " height="94.87263 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-111-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \node</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {A}</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> node</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (b)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> at</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {B}</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> node</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (c)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> at</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,-1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {C};</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[snake=zigzag]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (b);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[snake=zigzag,segment</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> amplitude=5pt,red,thick]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (c);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">segment length</span><a - id="dx10-102021"></a><a - id="dx10-102022"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>This option sets the length of each “segment” of a snake. For a sine wave - this would be the wave length, for other snakes it is the length of each “repetitive part” of the - snake. - <!--l. 376--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-112-" ><colgroup id="TBL-112-1g"><col -id="TBL-112-1"><col -id="TBL-112-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-112-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-112-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-116.svg" width="95.57637 " height="94.87263 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-112-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \node</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {A}</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> node</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (b)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> at</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {B}</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> node</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (c)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> at</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,-1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {C};</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[snake=zigzag]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (b);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[snake=zigzag,segment</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> length=20pt,red,thick]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (c);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - <!--l. 383--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"> -<table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-113-" ><colgroup id="TBL-113-1g"><col -id="TBL-113-1"><col -id="TBL-113-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-113-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-113-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-117.svg" width="95.57637 " height="94.87263 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-113-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \node</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {A}</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> node</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (b)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> at</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {B}</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> node</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (c)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> at</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,-1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {C};</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[snake=bumps]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (b);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[snake=bumps,segment</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> length=20pt,red,thick]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (c);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">segment object length</span><a - id="dx10-102023"></a><a - id="dx10-102024"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>This option sets the length of the objects inside each segment of a - snake. This option is only used for snakes in which each segment contains an object like a triangle or a - star. - <!--l. 394--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-114-" ><colgroup id="TBL-114-1g"><col -id="TBL-114-1"><col -id="TBL-114-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-114-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-114-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-118.svg" width="95.57637 " height="94.87263 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-114-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \node</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {A}</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> node</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (b)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> at</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {B}</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> node</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (c)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> at</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,-1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {C};</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[snake=triangles]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (b);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[snake=triangles,segment</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> object</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> length=8pt,red,thick]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (c);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">segment angle</span><a - id="dx10-102025"></a><a - id="dx10-102026"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">degrees</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>This option sets an angle that is interpreted in a snake-specific way. For example, - the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">waves</span></span></span> and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">expanding</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> waves</span></span></span> snakes interpret this as (half the) opening angle of the wave. The <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">border</span></span></span> - snake uses this value for the angle of the little ticks. - - - <!--l. 406--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-115-" ><colgroup id="TBL-115-1g"><col -id="TBL-115-1"><col -id="TBL-115-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-115-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-115-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-119.svg" width="95.48378 " height="19.6942 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-115-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}[segment</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> amplitude=10pt]</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \node</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {A}</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> node</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (b)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> at</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {B};</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[snake=border]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (b);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[snake=border,segment</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> angle=20,red,thick]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (b);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - <!--l. 413--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-116-" ><colgroup id="TBL-116-1g"><col -id="TBL-116-1"><col -id="TBL-116-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-116-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-116-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-120.svg" width="95.48378 " height="95.69038 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-116-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}[segment</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> amplitude=10pt]</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \node</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {A}</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> node</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (b)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> at</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {B};</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \node</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a')</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> at</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,-1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {A}</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> node</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (b')</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> at</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,-1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {B};</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[snake=expanding</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> waves]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (b);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[snake=expanding</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> waves,segment</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> angle=20,red,thick]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a')</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (b');</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">segment aspect</span><a - id="dx10-102027"></a><a - id="dx10-102028"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">ratio</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>This option sets an aspect ratio that is interpreted in a snake-specific way. For - example, for the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">coils</span></span></span> snake this describes the “direction” from which the coil is viewed. - <!--l. 425--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-117-" ><colgroup id="TBL-117-1g"><col -id="TBL-117-1"><col -id="TBL-117-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-117-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-117-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-121.svg" width="95.57637 " height="94.87263 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-117-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}[segment</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> amplitude=5pt,segment</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> length=5pt]</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \node</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {A}</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> node</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (b)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> at</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {B}</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> node</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (c)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> at</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,-1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {C};</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[snake=coil]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (b);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[snake=coil,segment</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> aspect=0,red,thick]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (a)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (c);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - </li></ul> -<!--l. 434--><p class="indent"> It is possible to define new snakes, but this cannot be done inside Ti<span -class="cmti-10">k</span>Z. You need to use the command -<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">\pgfdeclaresnake</span></span></span> from the basic level directly, see Section <a -href="pgfmanualse22.html#x23-22900022">22<!--tex4ht:ref: section-base-snakes --></a>. -<!--l. 438--><p class="indent"> The following styles define combinations of segment settings that may be useful: - <ul class="itemize1"> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">style=</span><span -class="cmtt-10">snake triangles 45</span><a - id="dx10-102029"></a><a - id="dx10-102030"></a> Installs a snake the consists of little triangles with an opening angle of - 45<sup ><span -class="cmsy-7"><span class="htf-cmbx">o</span></span></sup>. - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">style=</span><span -class="cmtt-10">snake triangles 60</span><a - id="dx10-102031"></a><a - id="dx10-102032"></a> Installs a snake the consists of little triangles with an opening angle of - 60<sup ><span -class="cmsy-7"><span class="htf-cmbx">o</span></span></sup>. - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">style=</span><span -class="cmtt-10">snake triangles 90</span><a - id="dx10-102033"></a><a - id="dx10-102034"></a> Installs a snake the consists of little triangles with an opening angle of - 90<sup ><span -class="cmsy-7"><span class="htf-cmbx">o</span></span></sup>.</li></ul> -<!--l. 454--><p class="noindent"> - <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.3 </span> <a - id="x10-1030009.3"></a>The Curve-To Operation</h4> -<!--l. 456--><p class="noindent">The curve-to operation allows you to extend a path using a Bézier curve. -<!--l. 459--><p class="indent"> - - - <dl class="description"><dt class="description"> -<span -class="colorbox" id="colorbox38"><span id="textcolor39"><span -class="cmtt-10">\path</span> ...</span> <span -class="cmtt-10">..</span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">controls</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">c</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">and</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">d</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">..</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">y</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span> <span id="textcolor40">...<span -class="cmtt-10">;</span></span></span> </dt><dd -class="description"> -<a - id="dx10-103001"></a> -<a - id="dx10-103002"></a> - <!--l. 460--><p class="noindent">This operation extends the current path from the current point, let us call it <span -class="cmmi-10">x</span>, via a curve to a the - current point <span -class="cmmi-10">y</span>. The curve is a cubic Bézier curve. For such a curve, apart from <span -class="cmmi-10">y</span>, you also specify - two control points <span -class="cmmi-10">c </span>and <span -class="cmmi-10">d</span>. The idea is that the curve starts at <span -class="cmmi-10">x</span>, “heading” in the direction of <span -class="cmmi-10">c</span>. - Mathematically spoken, the tangent of the curve at <span -class="cmmi-10">x </span>goes through <span -class="cmmi-10">c</span>. Similarly, the curve ends at <span -class="cmmi-10">y</span>, - “coming from” the other control point, <span -class="cmmi-10">d</span>. The larger the distance between <span -class="cmmi-10">x </span>and <span -class="cmmi-10">c </span>and between <span -class="cmmi-10">d</span> - and <span -class="cmmi-10">y</span>, the larger the curve will be. - <!--l. 470--><p class="noindent">If the “<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">and</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">d</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span>” part is not given, <span -class="cmmi-10">d </span>is assumed to be equal to <span -class="cmmi-10">c</span>. - <!--l. 473--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><object data="pgfmanual-122.svg" width="204.0175 " height="52.27013 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-118-" ><colgroup id="TBL-118-1g"><col -id="TBL-118-1"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-118-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-118-1-1" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[line</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> width=10pt]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> ..</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> controls</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> ..</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (4,0)</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> ..</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> controls</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (5,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> and</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (5,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> ..</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (4,1);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[color=gray]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (4,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (5,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (5,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (4,1);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - <!--l. 481--><p class="noindent">As with the line-to operation, it makes a difference whether two curves are joined because they resulted - from consecutive curve-to or line-to operations, or whether they just happen to have the same - ending: - <!--l. 485--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><object data="pgfmanual-123.svg" width="204.0175 " height="64.5719 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-119-" ><colgroup id="TBL-119-1g"><col -id="TBL-119-1"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-119-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-119-1-1" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}[line</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> width=10pt]</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> ..</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> controls</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> and</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> ..</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,0);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (4,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> ..</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> controls</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (4,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> and</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (5,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> ..</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (5,0);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \useasboundingbox</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,1.5);</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">%</span><span -class="cmsltt-10x-x-80"> make</span><span -class="cmsltt-10x-x-80"> bounding</span><span -class="cmsltt-10x-x-80"> box</span><span -class="cmsltt-10x-x-80"> higher</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - </dd></dl> -<!--l. 495--><p class="noindent"> - <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.4 </span> <a - id="x10-1040009.4"></a>The Cycle Operation</h4> -<!--l. 497--><p class="noindent"> - <dl class="description"><dt class="description"> -<span -class="colorbox" id="colorbox41"><span id="textcolor42"><span -class="cmtt-10">\path</span> ...</span> <span -class="cmtt-10">--cycle</span> <span id="textcolor43">...<span -class="cmtt-10">;</span></span></span> </dt><dd -class="description"> -<a - id="dx10-104001"></a> -<a - id="dx10-104002"></a> - <!--l. 498--><p class="noindent">This operation adds a straight line from the current point to the last point specified by a move-to - operation. Note that this need not be the beginning of the path. Furthermore, a smooth join is created - between the first segment created after the last move-to operation and the straight line appended by - the cycle operation. - <!--l. 504--><p class="noindent">Consider the following example. In the left example, two triangles are created using three straight lines, - but they are not joined at the ends. In the second example cycle operations are used. - <!--l. 508--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><object data="pgfmanual-124.svg" width="317.82805 " height="64.5719 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-120-" ><colgroup id="TBL-120-1g"><col -id="TBL-120-1"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-120-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-120-1-1" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}[line</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> width=10pt]</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,0);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (5,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (6,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (6,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> cycle</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (7,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (8,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (8,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> cycle;</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \useasboundingbox</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,1.5);</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">%</span><span -class="cmsltt-10x-x-80"> make</span><span -class="cmsltt-10x-x-80"> bounding</span><span -class="cmsltt-10x-x-80"> box</span><span -class="cmsltt-10x-x-80"> higher</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table> - </div> - </dd></dl> - - -<!--l. 519--><p class="noindent"> - <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.5 </span> <a - id="x10-1050009.5"></a>The Rectangle Operation</h4> -<!--l. 521--><p class="noindent">A rectangle can obviously be created using four straight lines and a cycle operation. However, since rectangles are -needed so often, a special syntax is available for them. -<!--l. 525--><p class="indent"> - <dl class="description"><dt class="description"> -<span -class="colorbox" id="colorbox44"><span id="textcolor45"><span -class="cmtt-10">\path</span> ...</span> <span -class="cmtt-10">rectangle</span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">corner</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span> <span id="textcolor46">...<span -class="cmtt-10">;</span></span></span> </dt><dd -class="description"> -<a - id="dx10-105001"></a> -<a - id="dx10-105002"></a> - <!--l. 526--><p class="noindent">When this operation is used, one corner will be the current point, another corner is given by <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">corner</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span>, - which becomes the new current point. - <!--l. 530--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-121-" ><colgroup id="TBL-121-1g"><col -id="TBL-121-1"><col -id="TBL-121-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-121-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-121-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-125.svg" width="134.31227 " height="58.43857 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-121-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"><br> -<span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> rectangle</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,1);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (.5,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> rectangle</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,0.5)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> rectangle</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3.5,1.5)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,0);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - </dd></dl> -<!--l. 539--><p class="noindent"> - <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.6 </span> <a - id="x10-1060009.6"></a>Rounding Corners</h4> -<!--l. 541--><p class="noindent">All of the path construction operations mentioned up to now are influenced by the following option: - <ul class="itemize1"> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">rounded corners</span><a - id="dx10-106001"></a><a - id="dx10-106002"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">inset</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span> When this option is in force, all corners (places where a line is continued - either via line-to or a curve-to operation) are replaced by little arcs so that the corner becomes smooth. - <!--l. 549--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-122-" ><colgroup id="TBL-122-1g"><col -id="TBL-122-1"><col -id="TBL-122-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-122-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-122-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-126.svg" width="153.2807 " height="39.47017 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-122-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> [rounded</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> corners]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,1)</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> ..</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> controls</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> ..</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (4,0);</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - <!--l. 554--><p class="noindent">The <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">inset</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>describes how big the corner is. Note that the <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">inset</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>is <span -class="cmti-10">not </span>scaled along if you use a scaling option - like <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">scale=2</span></span></span>. - <!--l. 558--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-123-" ><colgroup id="TBL-123-1g"><col -id="TBL-123-1"><col -id="TBL-123-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-123-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-123-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-127.svg" width="54.86644 " height="34.86652 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-123-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[color=gray,very</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> thin]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (10pt,15pt)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> circle</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (10pt);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[rounded</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> corners=10pt]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0pt,25pt)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (40pt,25pt);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - <!--l. 565--><p class="noindent">You can switch the rounded corners on and off “in the middle of path” and different corners in the same path - can have different corner radii: - <!--l. 569--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-124-" ><colgroup id="TBL-124-1g"><col -id="TBL-124-1"><col -id="TBL-124-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-124-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-124-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-128.svg" width="77.40701 " height="39.47017 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-124-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> [rounded</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> corners=10pt]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,1)</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> [sharp</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> corners]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,0)</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> [rounded</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> corners=5pt]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> cycle;</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - <!--l. 577--><p class="noindent">Here is a rectangle with rounded corners: - - - <!--l. 578--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-125-" ><colgroup id="TBL-125-1g"><col -id="TBL-125-1"><col -id="TBL-125-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-125-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-125-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-129.svg" width="28.19987 " height="13.01471 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-125-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[rounded</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> corners=1ex]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> rectangle</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (20pt,2ex);</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table> - </div> - <!--l. 582--><p class="noindent">You should be aware, that there are several pitfalls when using this option. First, the rounded corner will only - be an arc (part of a circle) if the angle is 90<sup ><span -class="cmsy-7"><span class="htf-cmbx">o</span></span></sup>. In other cases, the rounded corner will still be round, but “not - as nice.” - <!--l. 587--><p class="noindent">Second, if there are very short line segments in a path, the “rounding” may cause inadverted effects. In such - case it may be necessary to temporarily switch off the rounding using <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">sharp</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> corners</span></span></span>. - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">sharp corners</span><a - id="dx10-106003"></a><a - id="dx10-106004"></a> This options switches off any rounding on subsequent corners of the path.</li></ul> -<!--l. 599--><p class="noindent"> - <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.7 </span> <a - id="x10-1070009.7"></a>The Circle and Ellipse Operations</h4> -<!--l. 601--><p class="noindent">A circle can be approximated well using four Bézier curves. However, it is difficult to do so correctly. For -this reason, a special syntax is available for adding such an approximation of a circle to the current -path. -<!--l. 606--><p class="indent"> - <dl class="description"><dt class="description"> -<span -class="colorbox" id="colorbox47"><span id="textcolor48"><span -class="cmtt-10">\path</span> ...</span> <span -class="cmtt-10">circle</span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">(</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">radius</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">)</span></span></span> <span id="textcolor49">...<span -class="cmtt-10">;</span></span></span> </dt><dd -class="description"> -<a - id="dx10-107001"></a> -<a - id="dx10-107002"></a> - <!--l. 607--><p class="noindent">The center of the circle is given by the current point. The new current point of the path will remain - to be the center of the circle. </dd></dl> -<!--l. 612--><p class="indent"> - <dl class="description"><dt class="description"> -<span -class="colorbox" id="colorbox50"><span id="textcolor51"><span -class="cmtt-10">\path</span> ...</span> <span -class="cmtt-10">ellipse</span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">(</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">half width</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"> <span -class="cmtt-10">and </span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">half height</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">)</span></span></span> <span id="textcolor52">...<span -class="cmtt-10">;</span></span></span> </dt><dd -class="description"> -<a - id="dx10-107003"></a> -<a - id="dx10-107004"></a> - <!--l. 613--><p class="noindent">Note that you can add spaces after <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">ellipse</span></span></span>, but you have to place spaces around <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">and</span></span></span>. - <!--l. 616--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><object data="pgfmanual-130.svg" width="295.54385 " height="48.95435 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-126-" ><colgroup id="TBL-126-1g"><col -id="TBL-126-1"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-126-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-126-1-1" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> circle</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (.5cm);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> ellipse</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1cm</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> and</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> .5cm)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> ++(3,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> circle</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (.5cm)</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> ++(2,-.5)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> circle</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (.25cm);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table> - </div> - </dd></dl> -<!--l. 626--><p class="noindent"> - <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.8 </span> <a - id="x10-1080009.8"></a>The Arc Operation</h4> -<!--l. 628--><p class="noindent">The <span -class="cmti-10">arc operation </span>allows you to add an arc to the current path. - <dl class="description"><dt class="description"> -<span -class="colorbox" id="colorbox53"><span id="textcolor54"><span -class="cmtt-10">\path</span> ...</span> <span -class="cmtt-10">arc</span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">(</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">start angle</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">:</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">end angle</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">:</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">radius</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">/</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">half height</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">)</span></span></span> <span id="textcolor55">...<span -class="cmtt-10">;</span></span></span> </dt><dd -class="description"> -<a - id="dx10-108001"></a> -<a - id="dx10-108002"></a> - <!--l. 632--><p class="noindent">The arc operation adds a part of a circle of the given radius between the given angles. The arc will - start at the current point and will end at the end of the arc. - - - <!--l. 636--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><object data="pgfmanual-131.svg" width="305.02809 " height="58.4386 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-127-" ><colgroup id="TBL-127-1g"><col -id="TBL-127-1"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-127-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-127-1-1" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> arc</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (180:90:1cm)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,.5)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> arc</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (90:0:1cm);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (4,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> +(30:1cm)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> arc</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (30:60:1cm)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> cycle;</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (8,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> arc</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0:270:1cm/.5cm)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> cycle;</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table> - </div> - <!--l. 644--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-128-" ><colgroup id="TBL-128-1g"><col -id="TBL-128-1"><col -id="TBL-128-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-128-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-128-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-132.svg" width="143.11578 " height="77.40703 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-128-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (-1,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> +(3.5,0);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> ++(210:2cm)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> +(30:4cm);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> +(0:1cm)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> arc</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0:30:1cm);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> +(180:1cm)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> arc</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (180:210:1cm);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \path</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> ++(15:.75cm)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> node{$\alpha$};</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \path</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> ++(15:-.75cm)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> node{$\beta$};</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - </dd></dl> -<!--l. 657--><p class="noindent"> - <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.9 </span> <a - id="x10-1090009.9"></a>The Grid Operation</h4> -<!--l. 659--><p class="noindent">You can add a grid to the current path using the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">grid</span></span></span> path operation. -<!--l. 662--><p class="indent"> - <dl class="description"><dt class="description"> -<span -class="colorbox" id="colorbox56"><span id="textcolor57"><span -class="cmtt-10">\path</span> ...</span> <span -class="cmtt-10">grid</span><span -class="cmtt-10">[</span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">options</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span><span -class="cmtt-10">]</span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">corner</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span> <span id="textcolor58">...<span -class="cmtt-10">;</span></span></span> </dt><dd -class="description"> -<a - id="dx10-109001"></a> -<a - id="dx10-109002"></a> - <!--l. 663--><p class="noindent">This operations adss a grid filling a rectangle whose two corners are given by <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">corner</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>and by the - previous coordinate. Thus, the typical way in which a grid is drawn is <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">\draw</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> (1,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> grid</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> (3,3);</span></span></span>, - which yields a grid filling the rectangle whose corners are at (1<span -class="cmmi-10">,</span>1) and (3<span -class="cmmi-10">,</span>3). All coordinate - transformations apply to the grid. - <!--l. 669--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"> -<table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-129-" ><colgroup id="TBL-129-1g"><col -id="TBL-129-1"><col -id="TBL-129-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-129-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-129-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-133.svg" width="105.17888 " height="105.17888 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-129-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\tikz[rotate=30]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[step=1mm]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> grid</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,2);</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - <!--l. 673--><p class="noindent">The stepping of the grid is governed by the following options: - <ul class="itemize1"> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">step</span><a - id="dx10-109003"></a><a - id="dx10-109004"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>sets the stepping in both the <span -class="cmmi-10">x </span>and <span -class="cmmi-10">y</span>-direction. - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">xstep</span><a - id="dx10-109005"></a><a - id="dx10-109006"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>sets the stepping in the <span -class="cmmi-10">x</span>-direction. - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">ystep</span><a - id="dx10-109007"></a><a - id="dx10-109008"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>sets the stepping in the <span -class="cmmi-10">y</span>-direction.</li></ul> - - - <!--l. 684--><p class="noindent">It is important to note that the grid is always “phased” such that it contains the point (0<span -class="cmmi-10">,</span>0) if that point - happens to be inside the rectangle. Thus, the grid does <span -class="cmti-10">not </span>always have an intersection at the corner points; - this occurs only if the corner points are multiples of the stepping. Note that due to rounding errors, the - “last” lines of a grid may be omitted. In this case, you have to add an epsilon to the corner - points. - <!--l. 692--><p class="noindent">The following style is useful for drawing grids: - <ul class="itemize1"> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">style=</span><span -class="cmtt-10">help lines</span><a - id="dx10-109009"></a><a - id="dx10-109010"></a> This style makes lines “subdued” by using thin gray lines for them. However, this - style is not installed automatically and you have to say for example: - <!--l. 698--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"> -<table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-130-" ><colgroup id="TBL-130-1g"><col -id="TBL-130-1"><col -id="TBL-130-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-130-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-130-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-134.svg" width="115.07718 " height="115.07718 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-130-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[style=help</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> lines]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> grid</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,3);</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - </li></ul> - </dd></dl> -<!--l. 706--><p class="noindent"> - <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.10 </span> <a - id="x10-1100009.10"></a>The Parabola Operation</h4> -<!--l. 708--><p class="noindent">The <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">parabola</span></span></span> path operation continues the current path with a parabola. A parabola is a (shifted and scaled) curve -defined by the equation <span -class="cmmi-10">f</span>(<span -class="cmmi-10">x</span>) = <span -class="cmmi-10">x</span><sup ><span -class="cmr-7">2</span></sup> and looks like this: <object data="pgfmanual-135.svg" width="13.01471 " height="10.14436 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object>. -<!--l. 714--><p class="indent"> - <dl class="description"><dt class="description"> -<span -class="colorbox" id="colorbox59"><span id="textcolor60"><span -class="cmtt-10">\path</span> ...</span> <span -class="cmtt-10">parabola</span><span -class="cmtt-10">[</span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">options</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span><span -class="cmtt-10">]</span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">bend</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">bend coordinate</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">coordinate</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span> <span id="textcolor61">...<span -class="cmtt-10">;</span></span></span> </dt><dd -class="description"> -<a - id="dx10-110001"></a> -<a - id="dx10-110002"></a> - <!--l. 715--><p class="noindent">This operation adds a parabola through the current point and the given <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">coordinate</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span>. If the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">bend</span></span></span> is - given, it specifies where the bend should go; the <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">options</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>can also be used to specify where the bend - is. By default, the bend is at the old current point. - <!--l. 720--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-131-" ><colgroup id="TBL-131-1g"><col -id="TBL-131-1"><col -id="TBL-131-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-131-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-131-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-136.svg" width="153.28075 " height="67.92279 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-131-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> rectangle</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,1.5)</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> parabola</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,1.5);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[xshift=1.5cm]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> rectangle</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,1.5)</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> parabola[bend</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> at</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> end]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,1.5);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[xshift=3cm]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> rectangle</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,1.5)</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> parabola</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> bend</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (.75,1.75)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,1.5);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - <!--l. 731--><p class="noindent">The following options influence parabolas: - <ul class="itemize1"> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">bend</span><a - id="dx10-110003"></a><a - id="dx10-110004"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">coordinate</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>Has the same effect as saying <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">bend</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">coordinate</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>outside the <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">options</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span>. The - option specifies that the bend of the parabola should be at the given <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">coordinate</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span>. You have to - take care yourself that the bend position is a “valid” position; which means that if there is no - parabola of the form <span -class="cmmi-10">f</span>(<span -class="cmmi-10">x</span>) = <span -class="cmmi-10">ax</span><sup ><span -class="cmr-7">2</span></sup> +<span -class="cmmi-10">bx</span>+<span -class="cmmi-10">c </span>that goes through the old current point, the given bend, - and the new current point, the result will not be a parabola. - - - <!--l. 742--><p class="noindent">There is one special property of the <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">coordinate</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span>: When a relative coordinate is given like <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">+(0,0)</span></span></span>, - the position relative to which this coordinate is “flexible.” More precisely, this position lies - somewhere on a line from the old current point to the new current point. The exact position - depends on the next option. - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">bend pos</span><a - id="dx10-110005"></a><a - id="dx10-110006"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">fraction</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>Specifies where the “previous” point is relative to which the bend is - calculated. The previous point will be at the <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">fraction</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span>th part of the line from the old current - point to the new current point. - <!--l. 755--><p class="noindent">The idea is the following: If you say <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">bend</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> pos=0</span></span></span> and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">bend</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> +(0,0)</span></span></span>, the bend will be at the old - current point. If you say <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">bend</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> pos=1</span></span></span> and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">bend</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> +(0,0)</span></span></span>, the bend will be at the new current - point. If you say <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">bend</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> pos=0.5</span></span></span> and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">bend</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> +(0,2cm)</span></span></span> the bend will be 2cm above the middle - of the line between the start and end point. This is most useful in situations such as the - following: - <!--l. 761--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-132-" ><colgroup id="TBL-132-1g"><col -id="TBL-132-1"><col -id="TBL-132-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-132-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-132-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-137.svg" width="153.14735 " height="77.40701 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-132-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[help</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> lines]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> grid</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,2);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (-1,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> parabola[bend</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> pos=0.5]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> bend</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> +(0,2)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> +(3,0);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - <!--l. 768--><p class="noindent">In the above example, the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">bend</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> +(0,2)</span></span></span> essentially means “a parabola that is 2cm high” and - <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">+(3,0)</span></span></span> means “and 3cm wide.” Since this situation arises often, there is a special shortcut - option: - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">parabola height</span><a - id="dx10-110007"></a><a - id="dx10-110008"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>This option has the same effect as if you had written the following - instead: <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">[bend</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> pos=0.5,bend={+(0pt,</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">)}]</span></span></span>. - <!--l. 775--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-133-" ><colgroup id="TBL-133-1g"><col -id="TBL-133-1"><col -id="TBL-133-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-133-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-133-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-138.svg" width="153.14735 " height="77.40703 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-133-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[help</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> lines]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> grid</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,2);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (-1,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> parabola[parabola</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> height=2cm]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> +(3,0);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - </li></ul> - <!--l. 783--><p class="noindent">The following styles are useful shortcuts: - <ul class="itemize1"> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">style=</span><span -class="cmtt-10">bend at start</span><a - id="dx10-110009"></a><a - id="dx10-110010"></a> This places the bend at the start of a parabola. It is a shortcut for the - following options: <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">bend</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> pos=0,bend={+(0,0)}</span></span></span>. - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">style=</span><span -class="cmtt-10">bend at end</span><a - id="dx10-110011"></a><a - id="dx10-110012"></a> This places the bend at the end of a parabola.</li></ul> - </dd></dl> -<!--l. 794--><p class="noindent"> - <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.11 </span> <a - id="x10-1110009.11"></a>The Sine and Cosine Operation</h4> -<!--l. 796--><p class="noindent">The <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">sin</span></span></span> and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">cos</span></span></span> operations are similar to the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">parabola</span></span></span> operation. They, too, can be used to draw (parts of) a sine -or cosine curve. -<!--l. 800--><p class="indent"> - - - <dl class="description"><dt class="description"> -<span -class="colorbox" id="colorbox62"><span id="textcolor63"><span -class="cmtt-10">\path</span> ...</span> <span -class="cmtt-10">sin</span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">coordinate</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span> <span id="textcolor64">...<span -class="cmtt-10">;</span></span></span> </dt><dd -class="description"> -<a - id="dx10-111001"></a> -<a - id="dx10-111002"></a> - <!--l. 801--><p class="noindent">The effect of <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">sin</span></span></span> is to draw a scaled and shifted version of a sine curve in the interval [0<span -class="cmmi-10">,<img -src="cmmi10-19.png" alt="p" class="10x-x-19" />/</span>2]. The - scaling and shifting is done in such a way that the start of the sine curve in the interval is at the old - current point and that the end of the curve in the interval is at <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">coordinate</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span>. Here is an example that - should clarify this: - <!--l. 807--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-134-" ><colgroup id="TBL-134-1g"><col -id="TBL-134-1"><col -id="TBL-134-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-134-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-134-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-139.svg" width="136.96812 " height="39.47017 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-134-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> rectangle</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> sin</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,1)</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> rectangle</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> +(1.57,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> sin</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> +(1.57,1);</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - </dd></dl> -<!--l. 813--><p class="indent"> - <dl class="description"><dt class="description"> -<span -class="colorbox" id="colorbox65"><span id="textcolor66"><span -class="cmtt-10">\path</span> ...</span> <span -class="cmtt-10">cos</span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">coordinate</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span> <span id="textcolor67">...<span -class="cmtt-10">;</span></span></span> </dt><dd -class="description"> -<a - id="dx10-111003"></a> -<a - id="dx10-111004"></a> - <!--l. 814--><p class="noindent">This operation works similarly, only a cosine in the interval [0<span -class="cmmi-10">,<img -src="cmmi10-19.png" alt="p" class="10x-x-19" />/</span>2] is drawn. By correctly alternating - <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">sin</span></span></span> and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">cos</span></span></span> operations, you can create a complete sine or cosine curve: - <!--l. 818--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><object data="pgfmanual-140.svg" width="299.33888 " height="115.34384 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-135-" ><colgroup id="TBL-135-1g"><col -id="TBL-135-1"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-135-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-135-1-1" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}[xscale=1.57]</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> sin</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> cos</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> sin</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,-1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> cos</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (4,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> sin</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (5,1);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[color=red]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,1.5)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> cos</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> sin</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,-1.5)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> cos</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> sin</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (4,1.5)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> cos</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (5,0);</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table> - </div> - </dd></dl> -<!--l. 826--><p class="indent"> Note that there is no way to (conveniently) draw an interval on a sine or cosine curve whose end points are not -multiples of <span -class="cmmi-10"><img -src="cmmi10-19.png" alt="p" class="10x-x-19" />/</span>2. -<!--l. 831--><p class="noindent"> - <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.12 </span> <a - id="x10-1120009.12"></a>The Plot Operation</h4> -<!--l. 833--><p class="noindent">The <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">plot</span></span></span> operation can be used to append a line or curve to the path that goes through a large number of -coordinates. These coordinates are either given in a simple list of coordinates or they are read from some -file. -<!--l. 838--><p class="indent"> The syntax of the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">plot</span></span></span> comes in different versions. -<!--l. 840--><p class="indent"> - <dl class="description"><dt class="description"> -<span -class="colorbox" id="colorbox68"><span id="textcolor69"><span -class="cmtt-10">\path</span> ...</span> <span -class="cmtt-10">--plot</span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">further arguments</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span> <span id="textcolor70">...<span -class="cmtt-10">;</span></span></span> </dt><dd -class="description"> -<a - id="dx10-112001"></a> -<a - id="dx10-112002"></a> - <!--l. 841--><p class="noindent">This operation plots the curve through the coordinates specified in the <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">further arguments</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span>. The current - (sub)path is simply continued, that is, a line-to operation to the first point of the curve is implicitly - added. The details of the <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">further arguments</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>will be explained in a moment. </dd></dl> -<!--l. 848--><p class="indent"> - - - <dl class="description"><dt class="description"> -<span -class="colorbox" id="colorbox71"><span id="textcolor72"><span -class="cmtt-10">\path</span> ...</span> <span -class="cmtt-10">plot</span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">further arguments</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span> <span id="textcolor73">...<span -class="cmtt-10">;</span></span></span> </dt><dd -class="description"> -<a - id="dx10-112003"></a> -<a - id="dx10-112004"></a> - <!--l. 849--><p class="noindent">This operation plots the curve through the coordinates specified in the <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">further arguments</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>by first - “moving” to the first coordinate of the curve. </dd></dl> -<!--l. 854--><p class="indent"> The <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">further arguments</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>are used in three different ways to specifying the coordinates of the points to be -plotted: -<!--l. 857--><p class="indent"> - <ol type="1" class="enumerate1" > - <li class="enumerate" value="1" -><a - id="x10-112006x1"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">--</span></span></span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">plot</span></span></span><span -class="cmtt-10">[</span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">local options</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span><span -class="cmtt-10">]</span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">coordinates{</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">coordinate 1</span><span -class="cmsy-10">><</span><span -class="cmti-10">coordinate 2</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span>...<span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">coordinate </span><span -class="cmmi-10">n</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">}</span></span></span> - </li> - <li class="enumerate" value="2" -><a - id="x10-112008x2"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">--</span></span></span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">plot</span></span></span><span -class="cmtt-10">[</span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">local options</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span><span -class="cmtt-10">]</span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">file{</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">filename</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">}</span></span></span> - </li> - <li class="enumerate" value="3" -><a - id="x10-112010x3"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">--</span></span></span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">plot</span></span></span><span -class="cmtt-10">[</span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">local options</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span><span -class="cmtt-10">]</span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">function{</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">gnuplot formula</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">}</span></span></span></li></ol> -<!--l. 867--><p class="indent"> These different ways are explained in the following. -<!--l. 870--><p class="noindent"> - <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.12.1 </span> <a - id="x10-1130009.12.1"></a>Plotting Points Given Inline</h5> -<!--l. 872--><p class="noindent">In the first two cases, the points are given directly in the <span class="TEX">T<span -class="E">E</span>X</span>-file as in the following example: -<!--l. 875--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"> -<table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-136-" ><colgroup id="TBL-136-1g"><col -id="TBL-136-1"><col -id="TBL-136-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-136-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-136-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-141.svg" width="115.34386 " height="39.47017 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-136-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> plot</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> coordinates</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {(0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (10:2cm)};</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> -<!--l. 879--><p class="indent"> Here is an example showing the difference between <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">plot</span></span></span> and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">--plot</span></span></span>: -<!--l. 881--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><object data="pgfmanual-142.svg" width="342.96501 " height="39.47017 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-137-" ><colgroup id="TBL-137-1g"><col -id="TBL-137-1"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-137-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-137-1-1" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> plot</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> coordinates</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {(2,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (4,0)};</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[color=red,xshift=5cm]</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> plot</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> coordinates</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {(2,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (4,0)};</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table> -</div> -<!--l. 890--><p class="noindent"> - <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.12.2 </span> <a - id="x10-1140009.12.2"></a>Plotting Points Read From an External File</h5> -<!--l. 892--><p class="noindent">The second way of specifying points is to put them in an external file named <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">filename</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span>. Currently, the only file -format that Ti<span -class="cmti-10">k</span>Z allows is the following: Each line of the <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">filename</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>should contain one line starting with two -numbers, separated by a space. Anything following the two numbers on the line is ignored. Also, lines starting with -a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">%</span></span></span> or a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">#</span></span></span> are ignored as well as empty lines. (This is exactly the format that <span -class="cmcsc-10"><small -class="small-caps">G</small><small -class="small-caps">N</small><small -class="small-caps">U</small><small -class="small-caps">P</small><small -class="small-caps">L</small><small -class="small-caps">O</small><small -class="small-caps">T</small> </span>produces when you say -<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">set</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> terminal</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> table</span></span></span>.) If necessary, more formats will be supported in the future, but it is usually easy to produce a -file containing data in this form. -<!--l. 903--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><object data="pgfmanual-143.svg" width="384.13968 " height="80.63216 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-138-" ><colgroup id="TBL-138-1g"><col -id="TBL-138-1"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-138-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-138-1-1" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> plot[mark=x,smooth]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> file</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {plots/pgfmanual-sine.table};</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td></tr></table> -</div> -<!--l. 907--><p class="indent"> The file <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">plots/pgfmanual-sine.table</span></span></span> reads: - - -<!--l. 908--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-139-" ><colgroup id="TBL-139-1g"><col -id="TBL-139-1"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-139-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-139-1-1" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">#Curve</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> 0,</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> 20</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> points</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">#x</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> y</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> type</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">0.00000</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> 0.00000</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> i</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">0.52632</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> 0.50235</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> i</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">1.05263</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> 0.86873</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> i</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">1.57895</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> 0.99997</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> i</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">...</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">9.47368</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> -0.04889</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> i</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">10.00000</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> -0.54402</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> i</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> -<!--l. 919--><p class="indent"> It was produced from the following source, using <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">gnuplot</span></span></span>: -<!--l. 920--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-140-" ><colgroup id="TBL-140-1g"><col -id="TBL-140-1"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-140-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-140-1-1" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">set</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> terminal</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> table</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">set</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> output</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> "../plots/pgfmanual-sine.table"</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">set</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> format</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> "</span><span -class="cmsltt-10x-x-80">%.5f"</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">set</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> samples</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> 20</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">plot</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> [x=0:10]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> sin(x)</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> -<!--l. 928--><p class="indent"> The <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">local options</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>of the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">plot</span></span></span> operation are local to each plot and do not affect other plots “on the same path.” -For example, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">plot[yshift=1cm]</span></span></span> will locally shift the plot 1cm upward. Remember, however, that most -options can only be applied to paths as a whole. For example, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">plot[red]</span></span></span> does not have the effect of -making the plot red. After all, you are trying to “locally” make part of the path red, which is not -possible. -<!--l. 936--><p class="noindent"> - <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.12.3 </span> <a - id="x10-1150009.12.3"></a>Plotting a Function</h5> -<!--l. 939--><p class="noindent">Often, you will want to plot points that are given via a function like <span -class="cmmi-10">f</span>(<span -class="cmmi-10">x</span>) = <span -class="cmmi-10">x</span>sin<span -class="cmmi-10">x</span>. Unfortunately, -<span class="TEX">T<span -class="E">E</span>X</span> does not really have enough computational power to generate the points on such a function -efficiently (it is a text processing program, after all). However, if you allow it, <span class="TEX">T<span -class="E">E</span>X</span> can try to call -external programs that can easily produce the necessary points. Currently, Ti<span -class="cmti-10">k</span>Z knows how to call -<span -class="cmcsc-10"><small -class="small-caps">G</small><small -class="small-caps">N</small><small -class="small-caps">U</small><small -class="small-caps">P</small><small -class="small-caps">L</small><small -class="small-caps">O</small><small -class="small-caps">T</small></span>. -<!--l. 947--><p class="indent"> When Ti<span -class="cmti-10">k</span>Z encounters your operation <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">plot[id=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">id</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">]</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> function{x*sin(x)}</span></span></span> for the first time, it will create a -file called <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">prefix</span><span -class="cmsy-10">><</span><span -class="cmti-10">id</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">.gnuplot</span></span></span>, where <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">prefix</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>is <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">\jobname.</span></span></span> by default, that is, the name of you main <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">.tex</span></span></span> file. If -no <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">id</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>is given, it will be empty, which is alright, but it is better when each plot has a unique <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">id</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>for -reasons explained in a moment. Next, Ti<span -class="cmti-10">k</span>Z writes some initialization code into this file followed by -<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">plot</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> x*sin(x)</span></span></span>. The initialization code sets up things such that the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">plot</span></span></span> operation will write the -coordinates into another file called <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">prefix</span><span -class="cmsy-10">><</span><span -class="cmti-10">id</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">.table</span></span></span>. Finally, this table file is read as if you had said -<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">plot</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> file{</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">prefix</span><span -class="cmsy-10">><</span><span -class="cmti-10">id</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">.table}</span></span></span>. -<!--l. 960--><p class="indent"> For the plotting mechanism to work, two conditions must be met: - <ol type="1" class="enumerate1" > - <li class="enumerate" value="1" -><a - id="x10-115002x1"></a>You must have allowed <span class="TEX">T<span -class="E">E</span>X</span> to call external programs. This is often switched off by default since this - is a security risk (you might, without knowing, run a <span class="TEX">T<span -class="E">E</span>X</span> file that calls all sorts of “bad” commands). - To enable this “calling external programs” a command line option must be given to the <span class="TEX">T<span -class="E">E</span>X</span> program. - Usually, it is called something like <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">shell-escape</span></span></span> or <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">enable-write18</span></span></span>. For example, for my <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">pdflatex</span></span></span> - the option <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">--shell-escape</span></span></span> can be given. - </li> - <li class="enumerate" value="2" -><a - id="x10-115004x2"></a>You must have installed the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">gnuplot</span></span></span> program and <span class="TEX">T<span -class="E">E</span>X</span> must find it when compiling your file.</li></ol> -<!--l. 976--><p class="indent"> Unfortunately, these conditions will not always be met. Especially if you pass some source to a -coauthor and the coauthor does not have <span -class="cmcsc-10"><small -class="small-caps">G</small><small -class="small-caps">N</small><small -class="small-caps">U</small><small -class="small-caps">P</small><small -class="small-caps">L</small><small -class="small-caps">O</small><small -class="small-caps">T</small> </span>installed, he or she will have trouble compiling your -files. -<!--l. 981--><p class="indent"> For this reason, Ti<span -class="cmti-10">k</span>Z behaves differently when you compile your graphic for the second time: If upon reaching -<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">plot[id=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">id</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">]</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> function{...}</span></span></span> the file <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">prefix</span><span -class="cmsy-10">><</span><span -class="cmti-10">id</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">.table</span></span></span> already exists <span -class="cmti-10">and </span>if the <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">prefix</span><span -class="cmsy-10">><</span><span -class="cmti-10">id</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">.gnuplot</span></span></span> file -contains what Ti<span -class="cmti-10">k</span>Z thinks that it “should” contain, the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">.table</span></span></span> file is immediately read without trying to call a -<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">gnuplot</span></span></span> program. This approach has the following advantages: - <ol type="1" class="enumerate1" > - <li class="enumerate" value="1" -><a - id="x10-115006x1"></a>If you pass a bundle of your <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">.tex</span></span></span> file and all <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">.gnuplot</span></span></span> and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">.table</span></span></span> files to someone else, that person - can <span class="TEX">T<span -class="E">E</span>X</span> the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">.tex</span></span></span> file without having to have <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">gnuplot</span></span></span> installed. - - - </li> - <li class="enumerate" value="2" -><a - id="x10-115008x2"></a>If the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">\write18</span></span></span> feature is switched off for security reasons (a good idea), then, upon the first compilation - of the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">.tex</span></span></span> file, the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">.gnuplot</span></span></span> will still be generated, but not the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">.table</span></span></span> file. You can then simply call - <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">gnuplot</span></span></span> “by hand” for each <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">.gnuplot</span></span></span> file, which will produce all necessary <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">.table</span></span></span> files. - </li> - <li class="enumerate" value="3" -><a - id="x10-115010x3"></a>If you change the function that you wish to plot or its domain, Ti<span -class="cmti-10">k</span>Z will automatically try to regenerate - the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">.table</span></span></span> file. - </li> - <li class="enumerate" value="4" -><a - id="x10-115012x4"></a>If, out of laziness, you do not provide an <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">id</span></span></span>, the same <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">.gnuplot</span></span></span> will be used for different plots, but this - is not a problem since the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">.table</span></span></span> will automatically be regenerated for each plot on-the-fly. <span -class="cmti-10">Note: If</span> - <span -class="cmti-10">you intend to share your files with someone else, always use an id, so that the file can by typeset without</span> - <span -class="cmti-10">having </span><span -class="cmcsc-10"><small -class="small-caps">G</small><small -class="small-caps">N</small><small -class="small-caps">U</small><small -class="small-caps">P</small><small -class="small-caps">L</small><small -class="small-caps">O</small><small -class="small-caps">T</small> </span><span -class="cmti-10">installed. </span>Also, having unique ids for each plot will improve compilation speed since - no external programs need to be called, unless it is really necessary.</li></ol> -<!--l. 1014--><p class="indent"> When you use <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">plot</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> function{</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">gnuplot formula</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">}</span></span></span>, the <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">gnuplot formula</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>must be given in the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">gnuplot</span></span></span> syntax, -whose details are beyond the scope of this manual. Here is the ultra-condensed essence: Use <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">x</span></span></span> as the -variable and use the C-syntax for normal plots, use <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">t</span></span></span> as the variable for parametric plots. Here are some -examples: -<!--l. 1020--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><object data="pgfmanual-144.svg" width="249.52242 " height="228.61324 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-141-" ><colgroup id="TBL-141-1g"><col -id="TBL-141-1"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-141-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-141-1-1" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}[domain=0:4]</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[very</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> thin,color=gray]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (-0.1,-1.1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> grid</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3.9,3.9);</span> -<br> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[->]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (-0.2,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (4.2,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> node[right]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {$x$};</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[->]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,-1.2)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,4.2)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> node[above]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {$f(x)$};</span> -<br> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[color=red]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> plot[id=x]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> function{x}</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> node[right]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {$f(x)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> =x$};</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[color=blue]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> plot[id=sin]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> function{sin(x)}</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> node[right]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {$f(x)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> =</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \sin</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> x$};</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[color=orange]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> plot[id=exp]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> function{0.05*exp(x)}</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> node[right]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {$f(x)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> =</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \frac{1}{20}</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \mathrm</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> e^x$};</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> -<!--l. 1034--><p class="indent"> The following options influence the plot: - <ul class="itemize1"> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">samples</span><a - id="dx10-115013"></a><a - id="dx10-115014"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">number</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>sets the number of samples used in the plot. The default is 25. - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">domain</span><a - id="dx10-115015"></a><a - id="dx10-115016"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">start</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">:</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">end</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>sets the domain between which the samples are taken. The default is <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">-5:5</span></span></span>. - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">parametric</span><a - id="dx10-115017"></a><a - id="dx10-115018"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">true or false</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span> sets whether the plot is a parametric plot. If true, then <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">t</span></span></span> must be used instead of - <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">x</span></span></span> as the parameter and two comma-separated functions must be given in the <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">gnuplot formula</span><span -class="cmsy-10">></span>. An example is - the following: - <!--l. 1047--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"> -<table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-142-" ><colgroup id="TBL-142-1g"><col -id="TBL-142-1"><col -id="TBL-142-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-142-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-142-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-145.svg" width="36.21193 " height="120.69318 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-142-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[scale=0.5,domain=-3.141:3.141,smooth]</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> plot[parametric,id=parametric-example]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> function{t*sin(t),t*cos(t)};</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table> - - - </div> - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">id</span><a - id="dx10-115019"></a><a - id="dx10-115020"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">id</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>sets the identifier of the current plot. This should be a unique identifier for each plot (though things - will also work if it is not, but not as well, see the explanations above). The <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">id</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>will be part of a filename, so it - should not contain anything fancy like <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">*</span></span></span> or <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">$</span></span></span>. - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">prefix</span><a - id="dx10-115021"></a><a - id="dx10-115022"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">prefix</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>is put before each plot file name. The default is <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">\jobname.</span></span></span>, but if you have many plots, it - might be better to use, say <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">plots/</span></span></span> and have all plots placed in a directory. You have to create the directory - yourself. - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">raw gnuplot</span><a - id="dx10-115023"></a><a - id="dx10-115024"></a> causes the <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">gnuplot formula</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>to be passed on to <span -class="cmcsc-10"><small -class="small-caps">G</small><small -class="small-caps">N</small><small -class="small-caps">U</small><small -class="small-caps">P</small><small -class="small-caps">L</small><small -class="small-caps">O</small><small -class="small-caps">T</small> </span>without setting up the samples or the - <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">plot</span></span></span> operation. Thus, you could write - <!--l. 1067--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-143-" ><colgroup id="TBL-143-1g"><col -id="TBL-143-1"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-143-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-143-1-1" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">plot[raw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> gnuplot,id=raw-example]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> function{set</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> samples</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> 25;</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> plot</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> sin(x)}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table> - </div> - <!--l. 1070--><p class="noindent">This can be useful for complicated things that need to be passed to <span -class="cmcsc-10"><small -class="small-caps">G</small><small -class="small-caps">N</small><small -class="small-caps">U</small><small -class="small-caps">P</small><small -class="small-caps">L</small><small -class="small-caps">O</small><small -class="small-caps">T</small></span>. However, for really complicated - situations you should create a special external generating <span -class="cmcsc-10"><small -class="small-caps">G</small><small -class="small-caps">N</small><small -class="small-caps">U</small><small -class="small-caps">P</small><small -class="small-caps">L</small><small -class="small-caps">O</small><small -class="small-caps">T</small> </span>file and use the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">file</span></span></span>-syntax to include the - table “by hand.”</li></ul> -<!--l. 1077--><p class="indent"> The following styles influence the plot: - <ul class="itemize1"> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">style=</span><span -class="cmtt-10">every plot</span><a - id="dx10-115025"></a><a - id="dx10-115026"></a> This style is installed in each plot, that is, as if you always said - <!--l. 1081--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-144-" ><colgroup id="TBL-144-1g"><col -id="TBL-144-1"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-144-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-144-1-1" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> plot[style=every</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> plot,...]</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table> - </div> - <!--l. 1084--><p class="noindent">This is most useful for globally setting a prefix for all plots by saying: - <!--l. 1085--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-145-" ><colgroup id="TBL-145-1g"><col -id="TBL-145-1"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-145-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-145-1-1" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\tikzstyle{every</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> plot}=[prefix=plots/]</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table> - </div> - </li></ul> -<!--l. 1092--><p class="noindent"> - <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.12.4 </span> <a - id="x10-1160009.12.4"></a>Placing Marks on the Plot</h5> -<!--l. 1094--><p class="noindent">As we saw already, it is possible to add <span -class="cmti-10">marks </span>to a plot using the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">mark</span></span></span> option. When this option is used, a copy of -the plot mark is placed on each point of the plot. Note that the marks are placed <span -class="cmti-10">after </span>the whole path has been -drawn/filled/shaded. In this respect, they are handled like text nodes. -<!--l. 1100--><p class="indent"> In detail, the following options govern how marks are drawn: - <ul class="itemize1"> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">mark</span><a - id="dx10-116001"></a><a - id="dx10-116002"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">mark mnemonic</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>Sets the mark to a mnemonic that has previously been defined using the - <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">\pgfdeclareplotmark</span></span></span>. By default, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">*</span></span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">+</span></span></span>, and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">x</span></span></span> are available, which draw a filled circle, a plus, and a - cross as marks. Many more marks become available when the library <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">pgflibraryplotmarks</span></span></span> is loaded. - Section <a -href="pgfmanualse14.html#x15-17100014.3.3">14.3.3<!--tex4ht:ref: section-plot-marks --></a> lists the available plot marks. - <!--l. 1110--><p class="noindent">One plot mark is special: the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">ball</span></span></span> plot mark is available only it Ti<span -class="cmti-10">k</span>Z. The <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">ball</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> color</span></span></span> determines the - balls’s color. Do not use this option with large number of marks since it will take very long to render - in PostScript. - <div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-146-" ><colgroup id="TBL-146-1g"><col -id="TBL-146-1"><col -id="TBL-146-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-146-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-146-1-1" -class="td11"> Option </td><td align="center" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;" id="TBL-146-1-2" -class="td11"> Effect </td> -</tr><tr -class="hline"><td><hr></td><td><hr></td></tr><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-146-2-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-146-2-1" -class="td11"> <a - id="dx10-116003"></a><a - id="dx10-116004"></a> <span -class="cmtt-10">mark=</span><span -class="cmtt-10">ball</span> </td><td align="center" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;" id="TBL-146-2-2" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-146.svg" width="63.23857 " height="13.92056 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td> -</tr><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-146-3-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-146-3-1" -class="td11"> </td> -</tr></table></div> - - - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">mark size</span><a - id="dx10-116005"></a><a - id="dx10-116006"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>Sets the size of the plot marks. For circular plot marks, <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>is the radius, for - other plot marks <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">dimension</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>should be about half the width and height. - <!--l. 1125--><p class="noindent">This option is not really necessary, since you achieve the same effect by specifying <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">scale=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">factor</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>as a local - option, where <span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">factor</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>is the quotient of the desired size and the default size. However, using <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">mark</span><span -class="cmtt-10"> size</span></span></span> is a - bit faster and more natural. - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">mark options</span><a - id="dx10-116007"></a><a - id="dx10-116008"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">options</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>These options are applied to marks when they are drawn. For example, you can scale - (or otherwise transform) the plot mark or set its color. - <!--l. 1134--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><object data="pgfmanual-147.svg" width="384.98726 " height="80.86092 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-147-" ><colgroup id="TBL-147-1g"><col -id="TBL-147-1"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-147-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-147-1-1" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \fill[fill=blue!20]</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> plot[mark=triangle*,mark</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> options={color=blue,rotate=180}]</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> file{plots/pgfmanual-sine.table}</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> |-</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0);</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table> - </div> - </li></ul> -<!--l. 1143--><p class="noindent"> - <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.12.5 </span> <a - id="x10-1170009.12.5"></a>Smooth Plots, Sharp Plots, and Comb Plots</h5> -<!--l. 1145--><p class="noindent">There are different things the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">plot</span></span></span> operation can do with the points it reads from a file or from the inlined list of -points. By default, it will connect these points by straight lines. However, you can also use options to change the -behavior of <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">plot</span></span></span>. - <ul class="itemize1"> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">sharp plot</span><a - id="dx10-117001"></a><a - id="dx10-117002"></a> This is the default and causes the points to be connected by straight lines. This option is - included only so that you can “switch back” if you “globally” install, say, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">smooth</span></span></span>. - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">smooth</span><a - id="dx10-117003"></a><a - id="dx10-117004"></a> This option causes the points on the path to be connected using a smooth curve: - <!--l. 1160--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><object data="pgfmanual-148.svg" width="380.90178 " height="77.70891 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-148-" ><colgroup id="TBL-148-1g"><col -id="TBL-148-1"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-148-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-148-1-1" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\tikz\draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> plot[smooth]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> file{plots/pgfmanual-sine.table};</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table> - </div> - <!--l. 1164--><p class="noindent">Note that the smoothing algorithm is not very intelligent. You will get the best results if the bending angles - are small, that is, less than about 30<sup ><span -class="cmsy-7"><span class="htf-cmbx">o</span></span></sup> and, even more importantly, if the distances between points are about - the same all over the plotting path. - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">tension</span><a - id="dx10-117005"></a><a - id="dx10-117006"></a><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">=</span></span></span><span -class="cmsy-10"><</span><span -class="cmti-10">value</span><span -class="cmsy-10">> </span>This option influences how “tight” the smoothing is. A lower value will result in sharper - corners, a higher value in more “round” curves. A value of 1 results in a circle if four points at - quarter-positions on a circle are given. The default is 0<span -class="cmmi-10">.</span>55. The “correct” value depends on the details of - plot. - - - <!--l. 1176--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"> -<table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-149-" ><colgroup id="TBL-149-1g"><col -id="TBL-149-1"><col -id="TBL-149-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-149-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-149-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-149.svg" width="77.40701 " height="248.1229 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-149-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}[smooth</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> cycle]</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> plot[tension=0.2]</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> coordinates{(0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,-1)};</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[yshift=-2.25cm]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> plot[tension=0.5]</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> coordinates{(0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,-1)};</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[yshift=-4.5cm]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> plot[tension=1]</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> coordinates{(0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,-1)};</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">smooth cycle</span><a - id="dx10-117007"></a><a - id="dx10-117008"></a> This option causes the points on the path to be connected using a closed smooth - curve. - <!--l. 1191--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-150-" ><colgroup id="TBL-150-1g"><col -id="TBL-150-1"><col -id="TBL-150-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-150-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-150-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-150.svg" width="39.47017 " height="47.36565 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-150-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\tikz[scale=0.5]</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> plot[smooth</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> cycle]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> coordinates{(0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,2)}</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> plot</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> coordinates{(0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,2)}</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> --</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> cycle;</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">ycomb</span><a - id="dx10-117009"></a><a - id="dx10-117010"></a> This option causes the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">plot</span></span></span> operation to interpret the plotting points differently. Instead of connecting - them, for each point of the plot a straight line is added to the path from the <span -class="cmmi-10">x</span>-axis to the point, resulting in a - sort of “comb” or “bar diagram.” - <!--l. 1203--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><object data="pgfmanual-151.svg" width="385.70177 " height="82.19424 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-151-" ><colgroup id="TBL-151-1g"><col -id="TBL-151-1"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-151-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-151-1-1" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\tikz\draw[ultra</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> thick]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> plot[ycomb,thin,mark=*]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> file{plots/pgfmanual-sine.table};</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table> - </div> - <!--l. 1207--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-152-" ><colgroup id="TBL-152-1g"><col -id="TBL-152-1"><col -id="TBL-152-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-152-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-152-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-152.svg" width="87.54031 " height="56.98465 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-152-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\begin{tikzpicture}[ycomb]</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[color=red,line</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> width=6pt]</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> plot</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> coordinates{(0,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (.5,1.2)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,.6)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1.5,.7)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,.9)};</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw[color=red!50,line</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> width=4pt,xshift=3pt]</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> plot</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> coordinates{(0,1.2)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (.5,1.3)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,.5)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1.5,.2)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,.5)};</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\end{tikzpicture}</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">xcomb</span><a - id="dx10-117011"></a><a - id="dx10-117012"></a> This option works like <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">ycomb</span></span></span> except that the bars are horizontal. - - - <!--l. 1219--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-153-" ><colgroup id="TBL-153-1g"><col -id="TBL-153-1"><col -id="TBL-153-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-153-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-153-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-153.svg" width="41.08911 " height="42.70807 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-153-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> plot[xcomb,mark=x]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> coordinates{(1,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0.8,0.2)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0.6,0.4)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0.2,1)};</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">polar comb</span><a - id="dx10-117013"></a><a - id="dx10-117014"></a> This option causes a line from the origin to the point to be added to the path for each plot - point. - <!--l. 1227--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"> -<table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-154-" ><colgroup id="TBL-154-1g"><col -id="TBL-154-1"><col -id="TBL-154-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-154-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-154-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-154.svg" width="86.37679 " height="110.399 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-154-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> plot[polar</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> comb,</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> mark=pentagon*,mark</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> options={fill=white,draw=red},mark</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> size=4pt]</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> coordinates</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> {(0:1cm)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (30:1.5cm)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (160:.5cm)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (250:2cm)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (-60:.8cm)};</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - </li> - <li class="itemize"><span -class="cmtt-10">only marks</span><a - id="dx10-117015"></a><a - id="dx10-117016"></a> This option causes only marks to be shown; no path segments are added to the actual path. This - can be useful for quickly adding some marks to a path. - <!--l. 1239--><p class="noindent"><div class="obeylines-v"></div><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"> -<table class="tabular" -cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" -frame="void" id="TBL-155-" ><colgroup id="TBL-155-1g"><col -id="TBL-155-1"><col -id="TBL-155-2"></colgroup><tr - valign="baseline" id="TBL-155-1-"><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-155-1-1" -class="td11"> <object data="pgfmanual-155.svg" width="118.58176 " height="80.64491 " type="image/svg+xml"><p>SVG-Viewer needed.</p></object> </td><td align="left" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-155-1-2" -class="td11"> <table class="minipage"><tr><td><div class="obeylines-v"> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8">\tikz</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> \draw</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> sin</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> cos</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,0)</span> -<br><span -class="cmtt-8"> </span><span -class="cmtt-8"> plot[only</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> marks,mark=x]</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> coordinates{(0,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (1,1)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (2,0)</span><span -class="cmtt-8"> (3,-1)};</span></div> </td></tr></table> </td> -</tr></table></div> - </li></ul> -<!--l. 1249--><p class="noindent"> - <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.13 </span> <a - id="x10-1180009.13"></a>The Scoping Operation</h4> -<!--l. 1251--><p class="noindent">When Ti<span -class="cmti-10">k</span>Z encounters and opening or a closing brace (<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">{</span></span></span> or <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">}</span></span></span>) at some point where a path operation should come, -it will open or close a scope. All options that can be applied “locally” will be scoped inside the scope. For example, -if you apply a transformation like <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">[xshift=1cm]</span></span></span> inside the scoped area, the shifting only applies to the scope. On -the other hand, an option like <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">color=red</span></span></span> does not have any effect inside a scope since it can only be applied to the -path as a whole. -<!--l. 1261--><p class="noindent"> - <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.14 </span> <a - id="x10-1190009.14"></a>The Node Operation</h4> -<!--l. 1263--><p class="noindent">You can add nodes to a path using the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span -class="cmtt-10">node</span></span></span> operation. Since this operation is quite complex and since -the nodes are not really part of the path itself, there is a separate section dealing with nodes, see -Section <a -href="pgfmanualse11.html#x12-13600011">11<!--tex4ht:ref: section-nodes --></a>. - - - - - - - <div class="crosslinks"><p class="noindent">[<a -href="pgfmanualse10.html" >next</a>] [<a -href="pgfmanualse8.html" >prev</a>] [<a -href="pgfmanualse8.html#tailpgfmanualse8.html" >prev-tail</a>] [<a -href="pgfmanualse9.html" >front</a>] [<a -href="pgfmanual.html#pgfmanualse9.html" >up</a>] </p></div> -<!--l. 8--><p class="indent"> <a - id="tailpgfmanualse9.html"></a> -</body></html> |