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+<head>
+<title>UK TeX FAQ -- question label limits</title>
+</head><body>
+<h3>Sub- and superscript positioning for operators</h3>
+<p/>The commonest hand-written style for expressions is to place the limit
+expressions on operators such as <code>\</code><code>sum</code> and <code>\</code><code>int</code> physically
+above and below the operator. In (La)TeX, we write these limit
+expressions using sub- and superscripts applied to the operator, but
+they don&rsquo;t always appear in the &ldquo;handwritten&rdquo; way in TeX&rsquo;s
+output.
+<p/>The reason is, that when an expression appears in non-display maths,
+in running text (and is therefore in TeX <code>\</code><code>textstyle</code>), placing
+the limits thus could lead to ragged line spacing (and hence
+difficult-to-read text). It is therefore common (in <code>\</code><code>textstyle</code>)
+to place the limits as one would sub- and superscripts of variables.
+<p/>This is not universally satisfactory, so the primitive <code>\</code><code>limits</code> is
+provided:
+<blockquote>
+<pre>
+$\sum\limits_{n=1}^{m} ...$
+</pre>
+</blockquote><p>
+which will place the limits right above and below the symbol (and be
+blowed to the typography...).
+<p/>Contrariwise, you may wish to change the arrangement of the limits
+when in <code>\</code><code>displaystyle</code>. For this purpose, there&rsquo;s a corresponding
+<code>\</code><code>nolimits</code>:
+<blockquote>
+<pre>
+\[\sum\nolimits_{n=1}^{m} ...\]
+</pre>
+</blockquote><p>
+which will place the limits as they would be in <code>\</code><code>textstyle</code>.
+<p/>Alternatively, one can manipulate the
+<code>\</code><code>textstyle</code>/<code>\</code><code>displaystyle</code> state of the mathematics. To get
+&ldquo;<code>\</code><code>limits</code> placement&rdquo; in inline maths,
+<blockquote>
+<pre>
+$\displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^{m} ...$
+</pre>
+</blockquote><p>
+and for &ldquo;<code>\</code><code>nolimits</code> placement&rdquo; in display maths,
+<code>\</code><code>nolimits</code>:
+<blockquote>
+<pre>
+\[\textstyle\sum_{n=1}^{m} ...\]
+</pre>
+</blockquote><p>
+will serve. Either of these forms may have effects other than on the
+operator you&rsquo;re considering, but there are still those who prefer this
+formulation.
+<p/>Remember, if you&rsquo;re
+<a href="FAQ-newfunction.html">declaring a special operator of your own</a>, the
+AMSLaTeX functions (that you ought to be using) allow you to choose
+how limits are displayed, at definition time.
+<p/>(Note that the macro <code>\</code><code>int</code> normally has <code>\</code><code>nolimits</code> built in to
+its definition. There is an example in the TeXbook to show how odd
+<code>\</code><code>int</code><code>\</code><code>limits</code> looks when typeset.)
+<p/><p>This question on the Web: <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=limits">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=limits</a>
+</body>