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-% $Id: faq-hyp+pdf.tex,v 1.8 2014/02/16 21:23:58 rf10 Exp $
-
-\section{Hypertext and \acro{PDF}}
-
-\Question[Q-acrobat]{Making \acro{PDF} documents from \AllTeX{}}
-
-There are three general routes to \acro{PDF} output: Adobe's original
-`distillation' route (via \PS{} output), direct conversion of a
-\acro{DVI} file, and the use of a direct \tex{}-like \acro{PDF}
-generator such as \Qref*{\PDFTeX{}}{Q-whatpdftex}.
-
-For simple documents (with no hyper-references), you can either
-\begin{itemize}
-\item process the document in the normal way, produce \PS{}
- output and distill it;
-\item (on a Windows or Macintosh machine with appropriate
- tools installed) pass the output through a \acro{PDF}writer in place
- of a printer driver. This route is only appropriate for simple
- documents: \acro{PDF} writers cannot create hyperlinks;
-\item process the document with ``vanilla'' \latex{} and generate \acro{PDF}
- direct from the \acro{DVI} using \ProgName{dvipdfm}/\ProgName{dvipdfmx}; or
-\item process the document direct to \acro{PDF} with \PDFTeX{},
- \Qref{\luatex{}}{Q-luatex}, or \Qref{\xetex{}}{Q-xetex}.
-\end{itemize}
-
-To translate all the \LaTeX{} cross-referencing into Acrobat
-links, you need a \LaTeX{} package to redefine
-the internal commands. There are two of these for \LaTeX{}, both
-capable of conforming to the
-\Qref{Hyper\TeX{} specification}{Q-hyper}:
-Heiko Oberdiek's \Package{hyperref}, and Michael Mehlich's
-\Package{hyper}. (In practice, almost everyone uses
-\Package{hyperref}; \Package{hyper} hasn't been updated since 2000.)
-\Package{Hyperref} can often determine how it should generate
-hypertext from its environment, but there is a wide set of
-configuration options you can give via \csx{usepackage}. The package
-can operate using \PDFTeX{} primitives, the hyper\TeX{}
-\csx{special}s, or \acro{DVI} driver-specific \csx{special} commands.
-Both \ProgName{dvips} and \YandY{}'s \acro{\ProgName{DVIPSONE}} can
-translate the \acro{DVI} with these \csx{special} commands into
-\PS{} acceptable to Distiller, and
-\ProgName{dvipdfm} and \ProgName{dvipdfmx} have \csx{special} commands of
-their own.
-
-If you use \plaintex{}, the \Qref*{\Eplain{} macros}{Q-eplain} can
-help you create \acro{PDF} documents with hyper-references.
-It can operate using \PDFTeX{} primitives, or \csx{special} commands
-for the \ProgName{dvipdfm}/\ProgName{dvipdfmx} \acro{DVI} drivers.
-
-While there is no free implementation of all of \ProgName{Adobe}
-\ProgName{Distiller}'s
-functionality, any but the implausibly old versions of
-\href{http://www.ghostscript.com/}{\ProgName{ghostscript}}
-provide pretty reliable distillation (but beware of the problems with
-\Qref*{\ProgName{dvips} output for distillation}{Q-dvips-pdf}).
-
-For viewing (and printing) the resulting files, Adobe's
-\ProgName{Acrobat} \ProgName{Reader} is available for a fair range of
-platforms; for those for which Adobe's reader is unavailable, remotely
-current versions of \href{http://www.ghostscript.com/}{\ProgName{ghostscript}}
-combined with \ProgName{gv} or
-\href{http://www.ghostgum.com.au/}{\ProgName{gsview}} can display and
-print \acro{PDF} files, as can \ProgName{xpdf}.
-
-In some circumstances, a
-\href{http://www.ghostscript.com/}{\ProgName{ghostscript}}-based viewer
-application is actually preferable to Acrobat Reader. For example, on
-Windows Acrobat Reader locks the \extension{pdf} file it's displaying: this
-makes the traditional (and highly effective) \AllTeX{} development
-cycle of ``Edit\arrowhyph{}Process\arrowhyph{}Preview'' become
-rather clumsy~--- \href{http://www.ghostgum.com.au/}{\ProgName{gsview}}
-doesn't make the same <mistake.
-\begin{ctanrefs}
-\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Acrobat Reader]download from \URL{http://get.adobe.com/reader}
-\item[dvipdfm]\CTANref{dvipdfm}
-\item[dvipdfmx]\CTANref{dvipdfmx}
-\item[gv]Browse \CTANref{gv}
-\item[hyper.sty]\CTANref{hyper}
-\item[hyperref.sty]\CTANref{hyperref}
-\end{ctanrefs}
-\LastEdit{2014-01-22}
-
-\Question[Q-hyper]{Making hypertext documents from \TeX{}}
-
-If you want on-line hypertext with a \AllTeX{} source, probably on the
-World Wide Web, there are four technologies to consider:
-\begin{itemize}
-\item start from \alltex{}, and use one of a number of techniques to
- translate (more or less) directly to
- \Qref{\acro{HTML}}{Q-LaTeX2HTML};
-% beware line break
-\item Start from \Qref*{\Package{texinfo}}{Q-texinfo} source,
- and use the \ProgName{info} viewer, or convert the \Package{texinfo}
- source to \acro{HTML} using \ProgName{texi2html};
-\item Start from \alltex{}; use \pdftex{}, \xetex{} or \luatex{} to
- produce \acro{PDF}, using \Package{hyperref} to construct
- hyperlinks.
-\item Start from (unconventional) \alltex{} which use the % ! line break
- \Qref*{hyper\TeX{} conventions}{Q-hypertex}.
-\end{itemize}
-\begin{ctanrefs}
-\item[texinfo]\CTANref{texinfo}
-\end{ctanrefs}
-\LastEdit{2013-05-30}
-
-\Question[Q-hypertex]{The \emph{hyper\tex{}} project}
-
-The \emph{hyper\tex{}} project extended the functionality of all the
-\LaTeX{} cross-referencing commands (including the table of contents)
-to produce \csx{special} commands which are parsed by \acro{DVI} processors
-conforming to the Hyper\TeX{} guidelines;
-it provides general hypertext links, including those
-to external documents.
-
-The Hyper\TeX{} specification says that conformant viewers/translators
-must recognize the following set of \csx{special} commands:
-\begin{description}
-\item[href:] |html:<a href = "href_string">|
-\item[name:] |html:<a name = "name_string">|
-\item[end:] |html:</a>|
-\item[image:] |html:<img src = "href_string">|
-\item[base\_name:] |html:<base href = "href_string">|
-\end{description}
-
-The \emph{href}, \emph{name} and \emph{end} commands are used to do
-the basic hypertext operations of establishing links between sections
-of documents.
-
-Further details are available on \URL{http://arXiv.org/hypertex/}; there
-are two commonly-used implementations of the specification, a
-modified \ProgName{xdvi} and (recent releases of)
-\ProgName{dvips}. Output from the latter may be used in recent
-releases of \href{http://www.ghostscript.com/}{\ProgName{ghostscript}}
-or Acrobat Distiller.
-
-\Question[Q-dvips-pdf]{Quality of \acro{PDF} from \PS{}}
-\keywords{blurry fuzzy crippled}
-
-Any reasonable \PS{}, including any output of \ProgName{dvips}, may be
-converted to \acro{PDF}, using (for example) a sufficiently recent
-version of \href{http://www.ghostscript.com/}{\ProgName{ghostscript}},
-Frank Siegert's (shareware)
-\href{http://www.pstill.com/}{\ProgName{PStill}}, or Adobe's (commercial)
-\ProgName{Distiller}.
-
-But, although the job may (almost always) be done, the results are
-often not acceptable: the most frequent problem is bad presentation of
-the character glyphs that make up the document. The following answers
-offer solutions to this (and other) problems of bad presentation.
-Issues covered are:
-\begin{itemize}
-\item \Qref*{Wrong type of fonts used}{Q-fuzzy-type3}, which is
- the commonest cause of fuzzy text.
-\item \Qref*{\ProgName{Ghostscript} too old}{Q-fuzzy-gs},
- which can also result in fuzzy text.
-% beware line breaks
-\item \Qref*{Switching to font encoding \acro{T}1 encoding}{Q-fuzzy-T1},
- which is yet another possible cause of fuzzy text.
-\item Another problem~--- missing characters~--- arises from an
- % beware line breaks
- \Qref*{aged version of \ProgName{Adobe}~\ProgName{Distiller}}{Q-distill-prob}.
-\item Finally, there's the common confusion that arises from using the
- \ProgName{dvips} configuration file \texttt{-Ppdf}, the % ! line br
- \Qref*{weird characters}{Q-charshift}.
-\end{itemize}
-It should be noted that \ProgName{Adobe} % \ProgName{Acrobat} no longer
- % part of the name
-\ProgName{Reader}~6 (released in mid-2003, and later versions) does
-not exhibit the ``fuzziness'' that so many of the answers below
-address. This is of course good news: however, it will inevitably be
-a long time before every user in the world has this (or later)
-versions, so the remedies below are going to remain for some time to
-come.
-
-The problems are also discussed, with practical examples, in Mike
-Shell's \Package{testflow} package, which these FAQs recommend as a
-``\Qref*{specialised tutorial}{Q-tutbitslatex}.
-\begin{ctanrefs}
-\item[testflow]\CTANref{testflow}
-\end{ctanrefs}
-
-
-\Question[Q-fuzzy-type3]{The wrong type of fonts in \acro{PDF}}
-\keywords{crippled blurry}
-
-This is far the commonest problem: the symptom is that text in the
-document looks ``fuzzy''.
-
-Most people use \ProgName{Adobe} \ProgName{Acrobat} \ProgName{Reader}
-to view their \acro{PDF}: \ProgName{Reader} is distributed free of
-charge, and is widely available, for all its faults. One of those
-faults is its failure to deal with bitmap fonts (at least, in all
-versions earlier than version~6, all of which copies are pretty old,
-now~\dots{} but some are occasionally found).
-
-So we don't want bitmap fonts in our \PS{}: with them, characters show
-up in \ProgName{Reader}'s display as blurred blobs which are often not
-even recognisable as the original letter, and are often not properly placed
-on the line. Nevertheless, even now, most \TeX{} systems have
-\ProgName{dvips} configured to use
-\Qref*{\extension{pk} files}{Q-pk} in its output. Even
-\PDFTeX{} will use \extension{pk} files if it can see no alternative for
-a font in the document it is processing.
-
-Our remedy is to use
-``\Qref*{Adobe Type~1}{Q-adobetypen}''
-versions of the fonts we need. Since Adobe are in the
-business of selling Type~1 fonts, \ProgName{Reader} was of course made
-to deal with them really rather well, from the very beginning.
-
-Of course, if your document uses nothing but fonts that came from
-Adobe in the first place~--- fonts such as \FontName{Times} that
-appear in pretty much every \PS{} printer, or such as Adobe
-\FontName{Sabon} that you pay extra for~--- then there's no problem.
-
-But most people use \FontName{Computer} \FontName{Modern} to start
-with, and even those relative sophisticates who use something as
-exotic as \ProgName{Sabon} often find themselves using odd characters
-from \acro{CM} without really intending to do so. Fortunately, rather
-good versions of the \acro{CM} fonts are available from the \acro{AMS}
-(who have them courtesy of % ! line break
-\Qref{Blue Sky Research}{Q-commercial} and \YandY{}).
-
-Most modern systems have the fonts installed ready to use; and any
-system installed less than 3~years ago has a \ProgName{dvips}
-configuration file `\texttt{pdf}' that signals the use of the
-\acro{CM} fonts, and also sets a few other parameters to improve
-\ProgName{dvips}' output. Use this configuration as:
-\begin{quote}
-\begin{verbatim}
-dvips -Ppdf myfile -o myfile.ps
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{quote}
-This may produce a warning message about failing to find the
-configuration file:
-\begin{quote}
-\begin{verbatim}
-dvips: warning: no config file for `pdf'
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{quote}
-or something similar, or about failing to find a font file:
-\begin{quote}
-\begin{verbatim}
-dvips: ! Couldn't find header file cmr10.pfb
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{quote}
-Either of these failures signals that your
-system doesn't have the fonts in the first place.
-
-A way of using the fonts that doesn't involve the sophistication of
-the \texttt{-Ppdf} mechanism is simply to load maps:
-\begin{quote}
-\begin{verbatim}
-dvips -Pcmz -Pamz myfile -o myfile.ps
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{quote}
-You may encounter the same warning messages as listed above.
-
-If your system does not have the fonts, it won't have the
-configuration file either; however, it might have the configuration
-file without the fonts. In either case, you need to
-\Qref*{install the fonts}{Q-inst1cm}.
-
-
-\Question[Q-fuzzy-gs]{Fuzzy fonts because \ProgName{Ghostscript} too old}
-\keywords{crippled blurry}
-
-So you've done everything the \acro{FAQ} has told you that you need,
-correct fonts properly installed and appearing in the \ProgName{dvips}
-output, but \emph{still} you get fuzzy character output after
-distilling with \href{http://www.ghostscript.com/}{\ProgName{ghostscript}}.
-
-The problem could arise from too old a version of
-\href{http://www.ghostscript.com/}{\ProgName{ghostscript}}, which you
-may be using directly, or via a
-script such as \ProgName{ps2pdf} (distributed with
-\ProgName{ghostscript} itself), \ProgName{dvipdf}, or similar.
-Though \ProgName{ghostscript} was capable of distillation from
-version~5.50, that version could only produce bitmap Type~3 output of
-any font other than the fundamental 35~fonts (\FontName{Times},
-\FontName{Helvetica}, etc.). Later versions added `complete'
-distillation, but it wasn't until version~6.50 that one could rely on
-it for everyday work.
-
-So, if your \acro{PDF} output still looks fuzzy in \ProgName{Acrobat}
-\ProgName{Reader}, upgrade \ProgName{ghostscript}. The new version
-should be at least version~6.50, of course, but it's usually good
-policy to go to the most recent version (version~8.12 at the time of
-writing~--- 2003).
-
-\Question[Q-fuzzy-T1]{Fonts go fuzzy when you switch to \acro{T}1}
-\keywords{crippled blurry}
-
-You've been having problems with hyphenation, and someone has
-suggested that you should use ``\cmdinvoke{usepackage}[T1]{fontenc}''
-to help sort them out. Suddenly you find that your final \acro{PDF}
-has become fuzzy. The problem may arise whether you are using \PS{}
-output and then distilling it, or you are using \PDFTeX{} for the
-whole job.
-
-In fact, this is the same problem as most others about the
-\Qref*{quality of \acro{PDF}}{Q-dvips-pdf}: you've abandoned
-your previous setup using Type~1 versions of the \acro{CM} fonts, and
-\ProgName{dvips} has inserted Type~3 versions of the \acro{EC} fonts
-into your document output. (See % beware line break
-``\Qref*{Adobe font types}{Q-adobetypen}
-for details of these font types; also, note that the font
-\emph{encoding}~\acro{T}1
-has nothing directly to do with the font \emph{format}~Type~1).
-
-However, as noted in % beware line break
-\htmlonly{``}\Qref[question]{8-bit Type~1 fonts}{Q-type1T1}\htmlonly{''},
-Type~1 versions of \acro{CM}-like fonts in \acro{T}1 (or equivalent) encoding
-are now available, both as ``real'' fonts, and as virtual font sets.
-One solution, therefore, is to use one of these alternatives.
-
-The alternative is to switch font family altogether, to something like
-\FontName{Times} (as a no-thought default) or one of the many more pleasing
-Adobe-encoded fonts. The default action of \Package{fontinst}, when
-creating metrics for such a font, is to create settings for both \acro{OT}1
-and \acro{T}1 encodings, so there's little change in what goes on (at the
-user level) even if you have switched to \acro{T}1~encoding when using the
-fonts.
-
-\Question[Q-distill-prob]{Characters missing from \acro{PDF} output}
-
-If you're using \ProgName{Acrobat} \ProgName{Distiller} to create your
-\acro{PDF} output, you may find
-characters missing. This may manifest
-itself as messed-up maths equations (missing
-``\latexhtml{\ensuremath{-}}{-}'' signs, for example), or bits missing
-from large symbols. Early versions of \ProgName{Distiller} used to
-ignore character positions 0--31 and 128--159 of every font: Adobe's
-fonts never use such positions, so why should \ProgName{Distiller}?
-
-Well, the answer to this question is ``because Adobe don't produce all
-the world's fonts''~--- fonts like \FontName{Computer}
-\FontName{Modern} were around before Adobe came on the scene, and
-\emph{they} use positions 0--31. Adobe don't react to complaints like
-that in the previous sentence, but they do release new versions of
-their programs; and \ProgName{Distiller}, since at least version~4.0,
-\emph{has} recognised the font positions it used to shun.
-
-Meanwhile, \TeX{} users with old versions of \ProgName{Distiller} need
-to deal with their fonts. \ProgName{Dvips} comes to our aid: the
-switch \texttt{-G1} (``remap characters''), which moves the offending
-characters out of the way. The \acro{PDF} configuration file
-(\texttt{-Ppdf}), recommended % beware line break
-\latexhtml{above}{in ``\Qref{the wrong type of fonts}{Q-fuzzy-type3}''},
-includes the switch.
-
-The switch is not without its problems; pre-2003 versions of
-\ProgName{dvips} will apply it to Adobe fonts as well, causing
-\Qref*{havoc}{Q-charshift}, but fortunately
-that problem is usually soluble. However, a document using both
-\acro{CM} and Adobe-specified fonts is stuck. The only real solution
-is either to upgrade \ProgName{dvips}, or to spend money to upgrade
-\ProgName{Distiller}.
-
-\Question[Q-type1T1]{Finding `8-bit' Type~1 fonts}
-\keywords{eight}
-
-Elsewhere, answers to these \acro{FAQ}s recommend that you use an
-`8-bit' font to permit % line break!!
-\Qref*{accentuation of inflected languages}{Q-hyphenaccents},
-and also recommend the use of Type~1 fonts to ensure that
-you get \Qref*{good quality \acro{PDF}}{Q-fuzzy-type3}. These
-recommendations used to be contradictory: one could not just
-``switch'' from the free \acro{CM} fonts to free Cork- (or similarly)
-encoded Type~1 fonts. The first approach that started to alleviate
-these problems, was the development of virtual fonts that make
-a good approach to the Cork encoding (see below). Now, however, we
-have ``true'' Type~1 fonts available: as always, we have an
-embarrassment of riches with three free alternatives, and one
-commercial and one shareware version.
-
-\Package{CM-super} is an
-auto-traced set which encompasses all of the \acro{T}1 and \acro{TS}1
-encodings as well as the \acro{T}2* series (the family of encodings
-that cover languages based on Cyrillic alphabets). These fonts are
-pretty easy to install (the installation instructions are clear), but
-they are huge: don't try to install them if you're short of disc
-space.
-
-\Package{CM-LGC} is a similar ``super-font'' set, but of much more
-modest size; it covers \acro{T}1, \acro{TS}1 and \acro{T}2{A}
-encodings (as does \Package{CM-super}, and also covers the \acro{LGR}
-encoding (for typesetting Greek, based on Claudio Beccari's \MF{}
-sources). \Package{CM-LGC} manages to be small by going to the
-opposite extreme from \Package{CM-super}, which includes fonts at all
-the sizes supported by the original \acro{EC} (a huge range);
-\Package{CM-LGC} has one font per font shape, getting other sizes by
-scaling. There is an inevitable loss of quality inherent in this
-approach, but for the disc-space-challenged machine, \Package{CM-LGC}
-is an obvious choice.
-
-\Package{Tt2001} is a simple scan of the \acro{EC} and \acro{TC}
-fonts, and has some virtues~--- it's noticeably smaller than
-\Package{CM-super} while being less stark than \Package{CM-LGC}.
-
-\Package{Latin} \Package{Modern} is produced using the
-program \Qref*{\ProgName{MetaType1}}{Q-textrace}. The
-\Package{Latin} \Package{Modern} set comes with \acro{T}1, \acro{TS}1
-\acro{LY}1 encoded variants (as well as a variant using the Polish
-\acro{QX} encoding); for the glyph set it covers, its outlines seem
-rather cleaner than those of \Package{CM-super}. \Package{Latin}
-\Package{Modern} is more modest in its disc space demands than is
-\Package{CM-super}, while not being nearly as stark in its range of
-design sizes as is \Package{CM-LGC}~--- \Package{Latin}
-\Package{Modern}'s fonts are offered in the same set of sizes as the
-original \Package{CM} fonts. It's hard to argue with the choice:
-Knuth's range of sizes has stood the test of time, and is one of the
-bases on which the excellence of the \TeX{} system rests.
-
-\Qref*{Virtual fonts}{Q-virtualfonts} help us deal with the problem,
-since they allow us to map ``bits of \acro{DVI} file'' to single
-characters in the virtual font; so we can create an ``\'e'' character
-by recreating the \acro{DVI} commands that would result from the code
-``\csx{'}\texttt{e}''. However, since this involves two characters being
-selected from a font, the arrangement is sufficient to fool
-\ProgName{Acrobat} \ProgName{Reader}: you can't use the program's
-facilities for searching for text that contains inflected characters,
-and if you \emph{cut} text from a window that contains such a
-character, you'll find something unexpected (typically the accent and
-the `base' characters separated by a space) when you \ProgName{paste}
-the result. However, if you can live with this difficulty, virtual
-fonts are a useful and straightforward solution to the problem.
-
-There are two virtual-font offerings of \acro{CM}-based 8-bit
-fonts~--- the \Package{ae} (``almost \acro{EC}'') and
-\Package{zefonts} sets; the \Package{zefonts} set has wider coverage
-(though the \Package{ae} set may be extended to offer guillemets by
-use of the \Package{aeguill} package). Neither offers characters such
-as \texttt{eth} and \texttt{thorn} (used in, for example, in
-Icelandic), but the \Package{aecompl} package works with the
-\Package{ae} fonts to provide the missing characters from the
-\acro{EC} fonts (i.e., as bitmaps).
-
-The sole remaining commercial \acro{CM}-like 8-bit font comes from
-Micropress, who offer the complete \acro{EC} set
-in Type~1 format, as part of their range of outline versions of fonts
-that were originally distributed in \MF{} format. See
-\Qref[question]{``commercial distributions''}{Q-commercial}.
-
-The shareware % ! line break
-\Qref*{BaKoMa \TeX{} distribution}{Q-TeXsystems} offers a
-set of Type~1 \acro{EC} fonts, as an extra shareware option. (As far
-as the present author can tell, these fonts are \emph{only} available
-to users of BaKoMa \TeX{}: they are stored in an archive format that
-seems not to be publicly available.)
-
-Finally, you can use one of the myriad text fonts available in Type~1
-format (with appropriate \acro{PSNFSS} metrics for \acro{T}1 encoding,
-or metrics for some other 8-bit encoding such as \acro{LY}1). However,
-if you use someone else's text font (even something as simple as
-Adobe's Times family) you have to find a matching family of
-mathematical fonts, which is a non-trivial undertaking~---
-\htmlonly{see }\Qref{``choice of scalable fonts''}{Q-psfchoice}.
-\begin{ctanrefs}
-\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}ae fonts]\CTANref{ae}
-\item[aecompl.sty]Distributed with \CTANref{ae}
-\item[aeguill.sty]\CTANref{aeguill}
-\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}BaKoMa fonts]Browse \CTANref{bakoma-texfonts}
-\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}CM-LGC fonts]\CTANref{cm-lgc}
-\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}CM-super fonts]\CTANref{cm-super} (beware:
- very large download)
-\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Latin Modern fonts]\CTANref{lm}
-\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}tt2001 fonts]\CTANref{tt2001}
-\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}zefonts]\CTANref{zefonts}
-\end{ctanrefs}
-
-\Question[Q-pkfix]{Replacing Type 3 fonts in \PS{}}
-
-One often comes across a \PS{} file generated by
-\ProgName{dvips} which contains embedded \acro{PK} fonts; if you try
-to generate \acro{PDF} from such a file, the quality will be poor.
-
-Of course, the proper solution is to regenerate the \PS{} file,
-but if neither the sources nor the \acro{DVI} file are available, one
-must needs resort to some sort of patching to replace the bitmap fonts
-in the file by outline fonts.
-
-The program \ProgName{pkfix} (by Heiko Oberdiek) will do this
-patching, for files created by ``not too old versions'' of
-\ProgName{dvips}: it finds the fonts to be replaced by examining the
-\PS{} comments \ProgName{dvips} has put in the file. For each
-font, \ProgName{pkfix} puts appropriate \TeX{} commands in a file,
-which it then processes and runs through \ProgName{dvips} (with switch
-\texttt{-Ppdf}) to acquire an appropriate copy of the font; these copies are
-then patched back into the original file.
-
-If your source file is older than \ProgName{pkfix} can deal with,
-there's still a modicum of hope: \ProgName{pkfix-helper} examines the
-bitmap fonts in a document, compares them with the metric
-(\extension{tfm}) fonts on your system and comes to a view of which
-font might be which. The program reports on ``poor'' matches, and
-there are options for confirming, or replacing, its guesses. The
-technique (which sounds implausible) is successful enough to be worth
-a try.
-
-A further option is Frank Siegert's (shareware)
-\href{http://www.pstill.com}{PStill}, which is capable of processing
-the \PS{} it is distilling, and one option is to replace bitmap fonts
-in the file with Type~1 versions.
-\begin{ctanrefs}
-\item[pkfix]\CTANref{pkfix}
-\item[pkfix-helper]\CTANref{pkfix-helper}
-\end{ctanrefs}
-
-\Question[Q-pdfpagelabels]{\Package{Hyperref} and repeated page numbers}
-
-The \Class{book} class (and its friends and relations) automatically
-changes the display of page numbers in the frontmatter of the document
-to lower-case roman. This is fine for human readers, but if
-\Package{hyperref} has been misconfigured, the existence of pages have
-the same page number can cause problems. Fortunately, the
-configuration options to make \Package{hyperref} ``do the right
-thing'' are (by default) set up to avoid problems.
-
-The two options in question are:
-\begin{description}
-\item[\pkgoption{plainpages=false}] Make page anchors using the
- formatted form of the page number. With this option,
- \Package{hyperref} writes different anchors for pages `ii' and `2'.
- (This is the default value for the option, which is a % ! line break
- \emph{good thing}\dots{})
- If the option is set `\texttt{true}' \Package{hyperref} writes page
- anchors as the arabic form of the page number, rather than the
- formatted form that gets printed; this is not usually appropriate.
-\item[\pkgoption{pdfpagelabels}] Set \acro{PDF} page labels; i.e.,
- write the value of \csx{thepage} to the \acro{PDF} file so that
- \Package{Acrobat Reader} can display the page number as (say) `ii (4
- of 40)' rather than simply `4 of 40'.
-\end{description}
-The two should be used whenever page numbering is not just
-`1\texttt{..}\ensuremath{n}'; they may be used independently, but
-usually are not.
-
-The recipe isn't perfect: it relies on \csx{thepage} being different
-for every page in the document. A common problem arises when there is
-an unnumbered title page, after which page numbers are reset: the
-\PDFTeX{} warning of ``\Qref*{duplicate destinations}{Q-hyperdupdest}''
-will happen in this case, regardless of the options.
-\begin{ctanrefs}
-\item[hyperref.sty]\CTANref{hyperref}
-\end{ctanrefs}
-
-\Question[Q-cpy-srchpdf]{Copy-paste-able/searchable \acro{PDF} files}
-
-\acro{PDF} files generated from \tex{} (and friends), will by default
-hold their text in the encoding of the original \tex{} font used by
-the document.
-
-When \acro{PDF} readers, etc., offer copy-paste or searching
-functions, the operations take place on the glyph codes used for the
-fonts selected by the document. This is fine, for the simplest
-documents (in English, at least); the problem comes when you're using
-an inflected language (with accented letters, or composite glyphs
-such as `\ae{}')~--- \tex{} will typically use a non-standard
-encoding, and there are likely be problems, since \acro{PDF} readers
-assume the text is presented in Unicode.
-
-For \acro{PDF} generated from \latex{} (the \acro{DVI} being
-converted, by whatever means), or from \pdflatex{}, the character
-codes used in the \acro{PDF} file are in fact those of the document's
-\Qref*{font encoding}{Q-whatenc}; if you're using \acro{OT}1 or
-\acro{T}1, your document will be \acro{OK} for almost all \acro{ASCII}
-characters, but it's likely that anything ``out of the ordinary'' will
-not be represented properly. (Of course, \acro{PDF} generated from
-\xetex{}- or \luatex{}-based formats is going to be \acro{OK}, since
-those engines work in Unicode througout.)
-
-The solution comes from the character-mapping facilities in the
-\acro{PDF} specification: the file may specify a table of translations
-of characters present in the coding used in the file, to a Unicode
-version of the characters.
-
-Packages \Package{cmap} and \Package{mmap} both offer means of
-generating such tables (\Package{mmap} has wider coverage, including
-the various maths encodings); both work with \pdftex{} and no other
-engine. Thus your document becomes something like:
-\begin{quote}
-\begin{verbatim}
-\documentclass{article}
-\usepackage{mmap} % (or cmap)
-\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
-... % your other packages
-\begin{document}
-... % your actual text
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{quote}
-
-Unfortunately, the packages only work with fonts that are directly
-encoded, such as the default (Computer Modern, i.e., \FontName{cm}
-fonts, and things such as \FontName{cm-super} or the \FontName{Latin}
-\FontName{Modern} sets. Fonts like Adobe
-Times Roman (which are encoded for \AllTeX{} use via virtual fonts)
-are not amenable to this treatment.
-\begin{ctanrefs}
-\item[cmap.sty]\CTANref{cmap}
-\item[cm-super \nothtml{\rmfamily}fonts]\CTANref{cm-super}
-\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Latin Modern fonts]\CTANref{lm}
-\item[mmap.sty]\CTANref{mmap}
-\end{ctanrefs}
-\LastEdit{2013-08-21}
-
-% \Question[Q-hypertex]{The Hyper\tex{} project}
-%
-% The Hyper\TeX{} project extended the functionality of all the
-% \LaTeX{} cross-referencing commands (including the table of contents)
-% to produce \csx{special} commands which are parsed by \acro{DVI} processors
-% conforming to the Hyper\TeX{} guidelines;
-% it provides general hypertext links, including those
-% to external documents.
-%
-% The Hyper\TeX{} specification says that conformant viewers/translators
-% must recognize the following set of \csx{special} commands:
-% \begin{description}
-% \item[href:] |html:<a href = "href_string">|
-% \item[name:] |html:<a name = "name_string">|
-% \item[end:] |html:</a>|
-% \item[image:] |html:<img src = "href_string">|
-% \item[base\_name:] |html:<base href = "href_string">|
-% \end{description}
-%
-% The \emph{href}, \emph{name} and \emph{end} commands are used to do
-% the basic hypertext operations of establishing links between sections
-% of documents.
-%
-% Further details are available on \URL{http://arXiv.org/hypertex/}; there
-% are two commonly-used implementations of the specification, a
-% modified \ProgName{xdvi} and (recent releases of)
-% \ProgName{dvips}. Output from the latter may be used in recent
-% releases of \ProgName{ghostscript} or Acrobat Distiller.
-
-