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-% $Id: faq-fonts.tex,v 1.21 2014/01/22 17:29:03 rf10 Exp $
-
-\section{Fonts}
-
-\subsection{Adobe Type~1 (``\PS{}'') fonts}
-
-\Question[Q-usepsfont]{Using Adobe Type 1 fonts with \protect\TeX{}}
-
-In order to use any font, \TeX{} needs a
-\emph{metric} file (\acro{TFM} file). Several sets of metrics for
-common Adobe Type 1 fonts are
-available from the archives; for mechanisms for generating new ones,
-see \Qref[question]{metrics for \PS{} fonts}{Q-metrics}. You
-also need the fonts themselves; \PS{} printers come with a set of
-fonts built in, but to extend your repertoire you usually
-need to buy from one of the many commercial font vendors (see, for
-example, \Qref[question]{``choice of fonts''}{Q-psfchoice}).
-
-If you use \LaTeXe{}, access to your printer's fonts is offered by the
-\acro{PSNFSS} package; the \LaTeX{}3 project team declare that
-\acro{PSNFSS} is a ``required'' part of a \latex{} distribution, and
-bug reports may be submitted via the % ! line break
-\Qref*{\LaTeX{} bugs system}{Q-latexbug}.
-\acro{PSNFSS} gives you a set of packages for changing the default
-roman, sans-serif and typewriter fonts; \emph{e.g}., the
-\Package{mathptmx} package will set up \FontName{Times}
-\FontName{Roman} as the main text font (and introduces mechanisms to
-typeset mathematics using \FontName{Times} and various more-or-less
-matching fonts), while package \Package{avant} changes the sans-serif
-family to \FontName{AvantGarde}, and \Package{courier} changes the
-typewriter font to \FontName{Courier}. To go with these
-packages, you need the font metric files
-and font description (\File{.fd}) files for each font family you
-want to use. For convenience,
-metrics for the `common 35' \PS{} fonts found in most \PS{} printers
-are provided with \acro{PSNFSS}, packaged as the ``Laserwriter set''.
-
-For older versions of \LaTeX{} there are various schemes, of which the
-simplest to use is probably the \acro{PS}\LaTeX{} macros distributed with
-\ProgName{dvips}.
-
-For \plaintex{}, you load whatever fonts you like; if the encoding of
-the fonts is not the same as Computer Modern it will be up to you to
-redefine various macros and accents, or you can use the font
-re-encoding mechanisms available in many drivers and in
-\ProgName{ps2pk} and \ProgName{afm2tfm}.
-
-Some common problems encountered are discussed elsewhere
-(see \Qref[question]{problems with \acro{PS} fonts}{Q-psfontprob}).
-\begin{ctanrefs}
-\item[Metrics for the `Laserwriter' set of 35 fonts]\CTANref{lw35nfss-zip}
-\item[psnfss]\CTANref{psnfss}
-\end{ctanrefs}
-
-\Question[Q-PSpreview]{Previewing files using Type 1 fonts}
-
-Originally, free \TeX{} previewers were only capable of displaying
-bitmap (\acro{PK}) fonts, but free Type~1 font rendering software has
-been available for some time, and many previewers now use such
-facilities.
-
-The alternative, for previewers, is automatic generation of the
-requisite \acro{PK} files (using \ProgName{gsftopk}, or similar,
-behind the scenes).
-
-In the unlikely event that your previewer isn't capable of either, you
-have a couple options:
-\begin{itemize}
-\item Convert the \acro{DVI} file to \PS{} and use a
- \PS{} previewer. Some systems offer this capability as
- standard, but most people will need to use a separate previewer such
- as \href{http://www.ghostscript.com/}{\ProgName{ghostscript}} or
- \ProgName{ghostscript}-based viewers
- such as (free) \ProgName{gv} or (shareware)
- \href{http://www.ghostgum.com.au/}{\ProgName{gsview}}.
-% \item Under Windows on a \acro{PC}, or on a Macintosh, let Adobe Type Manager
-% display the fonts (textures, on the Macintosh, works like this).
-% %% , and under
-% %% Windows you can use \YandY{}'s \ProgName{dviwindo} for bitmap-free
-% %% previewing.
-% \begin{narrowversion} % really hyper
-% (See \Qref[question]{}{Q-commercial} for details of these
-% suppliers.)
-% \end{narrowversion}
-% %\typeout{after narrowversion, before wideversion}
-% \begin{wideversion}
-% (See \Qref{commercial suppliers}{Q-commercial} for details.)
-% \end{wideversion}
-% %\typeout{after wideversion}
-\item If you have the \PS{} fonts in Type~1 format, use
- \ProgName{ps2pk} or \ProgName{gsftopk} (designed for use with the
- \href{http://www.ghostscript.com/}{\ProgName{ghostscript}} fonts) to
- make \acro{PK} bitmap fonts which
- your previewer will understand (a process similar to the way some
- browsers fo the job `automatically') This can produce adequate results,
- also suitable for printing with non-\PS{} devices. (Note: if you
- purchased the fonts, it is advisable to check that their licence
- permits you to convert them, for private use, in this way.)
-\end{itemize}
-\begin{ctanrefs}
-\item[gsftopk]\CTANref{gsftopk}
-\item[gv]Browse \CTANref{gv}
-\item[ps2pk]\CTANref{ps2pk}
-\end{ctanrefs}
-
-\Question[Q-metrics]{\TeX{} font metric files for Type 1 fonts}
-
-Reputable font vendors such as Adobe supply metric files for each
-font, in \acro{AFM} (Adobe Font Metric) form; these can be converted
-to \acro{TFM} (\TeX{} Font Metric) form. Most modern distributions have
-prebuilt metrics which will be more than enough for many people; but you may
-need to do the conversion yourself if you have special needs or
-acquire a new font. One important question is the \emph{encoding} of
-(Latin character) fonts; while we all more or less agree about the
-position of about 96 characters in fonts (the basic \acro{ASCII} set), the
-rest of the (typically) 256 vary. The most obvious problems are with
-floating accents and special characters such as the `pounds sterling'
-sign. There are three ways of dealing with this: either you change the
-\TeX{} macros which reference the characters (not much fun, and
-error-prone); or you change the encoding of the font (easier than you
-might think); or you use \Qref*{virtual fonts}{Q-virtualfonts} to
-\emph{pretend} to \TeX{} that the encoding is the same as it is used to.
-\LaTeXe{} has facilities for dealing with fonts in different
-encodings; read the \Qref*{\emph{\LaTeX{} Companion}}{Q-latex-books} for
-more details. In practice, if you do much non-English (but Latin
-script) typesetting, you are strongly recommended to use the
-\Package{fontenc} package with option `\pkgoption{T1}' to select
-\Qref*{`Cork'}{Q-ECfonts} encoding.
-
-An alternative favoured by some is \YandY{}'s ``private'' \acro{LY}1 encoding,
-which is designed to sit well with ``Adobe standard'' encoded fonts.
-Basic macro support of \acro{LY}1 is available: note that the
-``relation with Adobe's encoding'' means that the \acro{LY}1 user
-needs no virtual fonts.
-
-Alan Jeffrey's \ProgName{fontinst} package is an \acro{AFM} to
-\acro{TFM} converter written in \TeX{}; it is used to generate the
-files used by \LaTeXe{}'s \acro{PSNFSS} package to support use of
-\PS{} fonts. It is a sophisticated package, not for the faint-hearted,
-but is powerful enough to cope with most needs. Much of its power
-relies on the use of \Qref*{virtual fonts}{Q-virtualfonts}.
-
-For slightly simpler problems, Rokicki's \ProgName{afm2tfm},
-distributed with \ProgName{dvips}, is fast and
-efficient; note that the metrics and styles that come with
-\ProgName{dvips} are \emph{not} currently \LaTeXe{} compatible.
-
-For the Macintosh (classic), there is a program called
-\ProgName{EdMetrics} which does the job (and more).
-\ProgName{EdMetrics} comes with the (commercial)
-\Qref*{Textures}{Q-commercial} distribution, but is itself free
-software, and is available on \acro{CTAN}.
-%% \par
-%% Windows users can buy \Qref*{\YandY{}'s}{Q-commercial}
-%% Font Manipulation Tools package which includes a powerful
-%% \ProgName{afmtotfm} program among many other goodies.
-\begin{ctanrefs}
-\item[dvips]\CTANref{dvips}
-\item[EdMetrics]\CTANref{edmetrics}
-\item[fontinst]\CTANref{fontinst}
-\item[LY1 support]\CTANref{ly1}
-\end{ctanrefs}
-\LastEdit{2011-06-01}
-
-\Question[Q-psfontprob]{Deploying Type 1 fonts}
-
-For the \LaTeX{} user trying to use the
-\Qref*{\acro{PSNFSS}}{Q-usepsfont} package, three questions may arise.
-
-First, you have to declare to the \acro{DVI} driver that you are using
-\PS{} fonts; in the case of \ProgName{dvips}, this means adding
-lines to the \File{psfonts.map} file, so that \ProgName{dvips} will know
-where the proper fonts are, and won't try to find \acro{PK}
-files. If the font isn't built into the printer, you have to acquire
-it (which may mean that you need to purchase the font files).
-
-Second, your previewer must know what to do with the fonts: see
-\Qref[question]{previewing type 1 fonts}{Q-PSpreview}.
-
-Third, the stretch and shrink between words is a function of the
-font metric; it is not specified in \acro{AFM} files, so different converters
-choose different values. The \PS{} metrics that come with \acro{PSNFSS}
-used to produce quite tight setting, but they were revised in mid 1995
-to produce a compromise between American and European practice.
-Sophisticated users may not find even the new the values to their taste, and
-want to override them. Even the casual user may find more
-hyphenation or overfull boxes than Computer Modern produces; but \acro{CM}
-is extremely generous.
-
-\Question[Q-psfchoice]{Choice of Type~1 fonts for typesetting Maths}
-
-If you are interested in text alone, you can in principle use any of
-the huge numbers of text fonts in Adobe Type~1, TrueType or OpenType
-formats. The constraint is, of course, that your previewer and
-printer driver should support such fonts (\TeX{} itself \emph{only}
-cares about metrics, not the actual character programs).
-
-If you also need mathematics, then your choice is more limited, in
-particular by the
-demands that \TeX{} makes of maths fonts (for details, see the papers
-by
-\begin{wideversion}
-% !! line break !!
- \href{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb14-3/tb40horn.pdf}{B.K.P. Horn in \TUGboat{} 14(3)},
- or by % ! line break
- \href{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb19-2/tb59bouc.pdf}{Thierry Bouche in \TUGboat{} 19(2)}).
-\end{wideversion}
-\begin{narrowversion}
- B.K.P. Horn in \TUGboat{} 14(3) or by Thierry Bouche in \TUGboat{}
- 19(2), available as
- \URL{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb14-3/tb40horn.pdf} or
- \URL{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb19-2/tb59bouc.pdf}, respectively).
-\end{narrowversion}
-There are several options available, which are
-based on Knuth's original designs. Others complement other
-commercial and free text font designs; one set (MicroPress's `informal math')
-stands alone.
-
-Users should also consider the possibilities of typesetting
-\Qref*{maths using OpenType fonts}{Q-otf-maths}.
-
-``Free'' font families that will support \TeX{} mathematics include:
-\begin{booklist}
-\item[Computer Modern](75 fonts~--- optical scaling) Donald E. Knuth\\
- The \acro{CM} fonts were originally designed in \MF{}, but are also
- now available in scalable outline form. There are commercial as
- well as public domain versions, and there are both Adobe Type~1 and
- TrueType versions. A set of outline versions of the fonts was
- developed as a commercial venture by \YandY{} and Blue Sky Research;
- they have since assigned the copyright to the \acro{AMS}, and the
- fonts are now freely available from \acro{CTAN}. Their quality is
- such that they have become the \emph{de facto} standard for Type~1
- versions of the fonts.
-
-\item[\acro{AMS} fonts](52 fonts, optical scaling) The \acro{AMS}\\
- This set of fonts offers adjuncts to the \acro{CM} set, including
- two sets of symbol fonts (\FontName{msam} and \FontName{msbm}) and
- Euler text fonts.
- These are not a self-standing family, but merit discussion here (not
- least because several other families mimic the symbol fonts).
- Freely-available Type~1 versions of the fonts are available on
- \acro{CTAN}. The \Package{eulervm} package permits use
- of the Euler maths alphabet in conjunction with text fonts that do
- not provide maths alphabets of their own (for instance, Adobe
- Palatino or Minion).
-
-\item[Mathpazo version 1.003](5 fonts) Diego Puga\\
- The Pazo Math fonts are a family of type~1 fonts suitable for
- typesetting maths in combination with the Palatino family of text
- fonts. Four of the five fonts of the distribution are maths
- alphabets, in upright and italic shapes, medium and bold weights;
- the fifth font contains a small selection of ``blackboard bold''
- characters (chosen for their mathematical significance). Support
- under \LaTeXe{} is available in
- \Qref*{\acro{PSNFSS}}{Q-usepsfont}; the fonts are
- licensed under the \acro{GPL}, with legalese permitting the use of
- the fonts in published documents.
-
-\item[Fourier/Utopia](15 fonts) Michel Bovani\\
- \FontName{Fourier} is a family built on Adobe \FontName{Utopia}
- (which has been released for usage free of charge by Adobe). The
- fonts provide the basic Computer Modern set of mathematical symbols,
- and add many of the \acro{AMS} mathematical symbols (though you are
- expected to use some from the \acro{AMS} fonts themselves). There
- are also several other mathematical and decorative symbols. The
- fonts come with a \Package{fourier} package for use with \LaTeX{};
- text support of \acro{OT}1 encoding is not provided~--- you are
- expected to use \acro{T}1.
-
- For a sample, see \url{http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/utopia/}
-
-\item[Fourier/New Century Schoolbook]Michael Zedler\\
- \FontName{Fouriernc} is a configuration using the Fourier fonts in
- the context of New Century Schoolbook text fonts.
-
- For a sample, see \url{http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/newcent/}
-
-\item[KP-fonts]The Johannes Kepler project\\
- The \FontName{kp-fonts} family provides a comprehensive set of text
- and maths fonts. The set includes replacement fixed-width and sans
- fonts (though some reports have suggested that these are less
- successful, and their use may be suppressed when loading the fonts'
- \Package{kpfonts} \LaTeX{} support package).
-
- For an example, see \url{http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/kpserif/}
-
-\item[MathDesign](3 free families, 3 commercial-based
- families\dots{}so far) Paul Pichaureau\\
- This set so far offers mathematics fonts to match the free fonts
- Adobe Utopia, URW Garamond and Bitstream Charter (the text versions
- of all of which are separately available, on \acro{CTAN}, in Type~1
- format), and Adobe Garamond Pro, Adobe UtopiaStd and ITC Charter
- (which are commercial fonts, all available for purchase on the web).
- There has been a little comment on these fonts, but none
- from actual users posted to the public forums. Users, particularly
- those who are willing to discuss their experiences, would obviously
- be welcome. Browse the \acro{CTAN} directory and see which you
- want: there is a wealth of documentation and examples.
-
- For samples of the free variants, see
- \url{http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/charter/} for URW Charter,
- \url{http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/garamond/} for URW Garamond and
- \url{http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/utopia-md/} for Adobe Utopia.
-
-\item[Belleek](3 fonts) Richard Kinch\\
- Belleek is the upshot of Kinch's thoughts on how \MF{} might be used
- in the future: they were published simultaneously as \MF{} source,
- as Type~1 fonts, and as TrueType fonts. The fonts act as ``drop-in''
- replacements for the basic MathTime set (as an example of ``what might
- be done'').
-
- The paper outlining Kinch's thoughts, proceeding from considerations
- of the `intellectual' superiority of \MF{} to evaluations of why its
- adoption is so limited and what might be done about the problem, is
- to be found at \URL{http://truetex.com/belleek.pdf}
-
-\item[MTPro2 Lite]Pubish or Perish (Michael Spivak)\\
- A (functional) subset of the MathTime Pro 2 font set, that is made
- available, free, for general use. While it does not offer the full
- power of the commercial product (see below), it is nevertheless a
- desirable font set.
-
-\item[Mathptmx]Alan Jeffrey, Walter Schmidt and others.\\
- This set contains maths italic, symbol, extension, and roman virtual
- fonts, built from Adobe Times, Symbol, Zapf Chancery, and the
- Computer Modern fonts. The resulting mixture is not entirely
- acceptable, but can pass in many circumstances. The real advantage
- is that the mathptm fonts are (effectively) free, and the resulting
- \PS{} files can be freely exchanged. Support under \LaTeXe{}
- is available in \Qref*{\acro{PSNFSS}}{Q-usepsfont}.
-
- For a sample, see \url{http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/times/}
-
-\item[Computer Modern Bright]Free scalable outline versions of these
- fonts do exist; they are covered below together with their
- commercial parallels.
-
-\item[URW Classico](4 fonts) LaTeX support by Bob Tennent\\
- These are clones of Zapf's Optima available from CTAN (for
- non-commercial use only). Mathematics support can be provided by
- using packages \Package{eulervm} or \Package{sansmath}. As a
- sans-serif font family, Optima is especially suitable for
- presentations.
-\end{booklist}
-The excellent \emph{font catalogue} keeps an % ! line break
-\href{http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/mathfonts.html}{up-to-date list}
-which describes the fonts by giving names and short examples, only.
-(At the time of writing~--- June 2008~--- the list has several that
-are only scheduled for inclusion here.
-
-Another useful document is Stephen Hartke's ``Free maths font
-survey'', which is available on \acro{CTAN} in both \acro{PDF} and
-\acro{HTML} formats. The survey covers most of the fonts mentioned in
-the font catalogue, but also mentions some (such as \Package{Belleek}
-that the catalogue omits.
-
-Fonts capable of setting \TeX{} mathematics, that are available
-commercially, include:
-\begin{booklist}
-\item[BA Math](13 fonts) MicroPress Inc.\\
- BA Math is a family of serif fonts, inspired by the elegant
- and graphically perfect font design of John Baskerville. BA
- Math comprises the fonts necessary for mathematical typesetting
- (maths italic, math symbols and extensions) in normal and bold
- weights. The family also includes all \acro{OT}1 and \acro{T}1
- encoded text fonts of various shapes, as well as fonts with most
- useful glyphs of the \acro{TS}1 encoding. Macros for using the
- fonts with \plaintex{}, \LaTeXo{} and current \LaTeX{} are
- provided.
-
- \nothtml{\bgroup\raggedwithindent}
- For further details (including samples) see\\
- \URL{http://www.micropress-inc.com/fonts/bamath/bamain.htm}
- \nothtml{\par\egroup}
-\item[CH Math](15 fonts) MicroPress Inc.\\
- CH Math is a family of slab serif fonts, designed as a maths
- companion for Bitstream Charter. (The distribution includes
- four free Bitstream text fonts, in addition to the 15 hand-hinted
- MicroPress fonts.)
- \nothtml{\bgroup\raggedwithindent}
- For further details (including samples) see\\
- \URL{http://www.micropress-inc.com/fonts/chmath/chmain.htm}
- \nothtml{\par\egroup}
-
-\item[Computer Modern Bright](62 fonts~--- optical scaling) Walter
- Schmidt\\
- \acro{CM} Bright is a family of sans serif fonts, based on Knuth's
- \acro{CM} fonts. It comprises the fonts necessary for mathematical
- typesetting, including \acro{AMS} symbols, as well as text and text
- symbol fonts of various shapes. The collection comes with its own
- set of files for use with \LaTeX{}. The \acro{CM} Bright fonts are
- supplied in Type~1 format by MicroPress, Inc. The
- \Package{hfbright} bundle offers free Type~1 fonts for text using
- the \acro{OT}1 encoding~--- the \Package{cm-super} fonts provide the
- fonts in \acro{T}1 text encoding but don't support \acro{CM} bright
- mathematics.
-
- \nothtml{\bgroup\raggedwithindent}
- For further details of Micropress' offering (including samples) see\\
- \URL{http://www.micropress-inc.com/fonts/brmath/brmain.htm}
- \nothtml{\par\egroup}
-
-\item[Concrete Math](25 fonts~--- optical scaling) Ulrik Vieth\\
- The Concrete Math font set was derived from the Concrete Roman
- typefaces designed by Knuth. The set provides a collection of math
- italics, math symbol, and math extension fonts, and fonts of
- \acro{AMS} symbols that fit with the Concrete set, so that Concrete
- may be used as a complete replacement for Computer Modern. Since
- Concrete is considerably darker than \acro{CM}, the family may
- particularly attractive for use in low-resolution printing or in
- applications such as posters or transparencies. Concrete Math
- fonts, as well as Concrete Roman fonts, are supplied in Type 1
- format by MicroPress, Inc.
-
- \nothtml{\bgroup\raggedwithindent}
- For further information (including samples) see\\
- \URL{http://www.micropress-inc.com/fonts/ccmath/ccmain.htm}
- \nothtml{\par\egroup}
-
-\item[HV Math](14 fonts) MicroPress Inc.\\
- HV Math is a family of sans serif fonts, inspired by the
- Helvetica (\acro{TM}) typeface. HV Math comprises the fonts
- necessary for mathematical typesetting (maths italic, maths symbols
- and extensions) in normal and bold weights. The family also
- includes all \acro{OT}1 and \acro{T}1 encoded text fonts of various
- shapes, as well as fonts with most useful glyphs of the \acro{TS}1
- encoding. Macros for using the fonts with \plaintex{}, \LaTeXo{}
- and current \LaTeX{} are provided. Bitmapped copies of the fonts
- are available free, on \acro{CTAN}.
-
- \nothtml{\bgroup\raggedwithindent}
- For further details (and samples) see\\
- \URL{http://www.micropress-inc.com/fonts/hvmath/hvmain.htm}
- \nothtml{\par\egroup}
-
-\item[Informal Math](7 outline fonts) MicroPress Inc.\\
- Informal Math is a family of fanciful fonts loosely based on the
- Adobe's Tekton (\acro{TM}) family, fonts which imitate handwritten
- text. Informal Math comprises the fonts necessary for
- mathematical typesetting (maths italic, maths symbols and extensions)
- in normal weight, as well as \acro{OT}1 encoded text fonts in
- upright and oblique shapes. Macros for using the fonts with
- \plaintex{}, \LaTeXo{} and current \LaTeX{} are provided.
-
- \nothtml{\bgroup\raggedwithindent}
- For further details (including samples) see\\
- \URL{http://www.micropress-inc.com/fonts/ifmath/ifmain.htm}
- \nothtml{\par\egroup}
-
-\item[Lucida Bright \emph{with} Lucida New Math](25 fonts) Chuck Bigelow and
- Kris Holmes\\
- Lucida is a family of related fonts including seriffed, sans serif,
- sans serif fixed width, calligraphic, blackletter, fax, Kris Holmes'
- connected handwriting font, \emph{etc}; they're not as `spindly' as
- Computer Modern, with a large x-height, and include a larger set of
- maths symbols, operators, relations and delimiters than \acro{CM}
- (over 800 instead of 384: among others, it also includes the
- \acro{AMS} \FontName{msam} and \FontName{msbm} symbol sets). `Lucida
- Bright Expert'
- (14 fonts) adds seriffed fixed width, another handwriting font,
- smallcaps, bold maths, upright `maths italic', \emph{etc}., to the
- set. Support under \LaTeX{} is available under the auspices of the
- \acro{PSNFSS}, and pre-built metrics are also provided.
-
- \nothtml{\bgroup\raggedwithindent}
- \acro{TUG} has the right to distribute these fonts; the web site
-\begin{narrowversion}
- \href{http://tug.org/lucida/}{``Lucida and TUG''}
-\end{narrowversion}
-\begin{wideversion}
- ``\href{http://tug.org/lucida/}{Lucida and TUG}''
-\end{wideversion}
- has details.
- \nothtml{\par\egroup}
-
-\item[Adobe Lucida, LucidaSans \emph{and} LucidaMath](12 fonts)\\
- Lucida and LucidaMath are generally considered to be a bit heavy.
- The three maths fonts contain only the glyphs in the \acro{CM} maths
- italic, symbol, and extension fonts. Support for using LucidaMath
- with \TeX{} is not very good; you will need to do some work
- reencoding fonts \emph{etc}. (In some sense this set is the
- ancestor of the LucidaBright plus LucidaNewMath font set, which are
- not currently available.)
-
-\item[MathTime Pro2]Publish or Perish (Michael Spivak)\\
- This latest instance of the MathTime family covers all the weights
- (medium, bold and heavy) and symbols of previous versions of
- MathTime. In addition it has a much extended range of symbols, and
- many typographic improvements that make for high-quality documents.
- The fonts are supported under both \plaintex{} and \LaTeXe{}, and
- are exclusively available for purchase from
- \Qref*{Personal \TeX{} Inc}{Q-commercial}.
- \par{}
- \nothtml{\bgroup\raggedwithindent}
- For further details and samples and fliers, see
- \URL{http://www.pctex.com/mtpro2.html}
- \nothtml{\par\egroup}
-
-\item[Minion Pro and MnSymbol]Adobe, \LaTeX{} support and packaging by
- Achim Blumensath \emph{et al}.\\
- \FontName{Minion Pro} derives from the widely-available commercial
- OpenType font of the same name by Adobe; scripts are provided to
- convert relevant parts of it to Adobe Type~1 format. The
- \Package{MinionPro} package will set up text and maths support using
- \FontName{Minion Pro}, but a separate (free) font set
- \FontName{MnSymbol} greatly extends the symbol coverage.
-
-\item[PA Math] PA~Math is a family of serif fonts
- loosely based on the Palatino (\acro{TM}) typeface. PA~Math
- comprises the fonts necessary for mathematical typesetting (maths
- italics, maths, calligraphic and oldstyle symbols, and extensions)
- in normal and bold weights. The family also includes all \acro{OT}1,
- \acro{T}1 encoded text fonts of various shapes, as well as fonts
- with the most useful glyphs of the \acro{TS}1 encoding. Macros for
- using the fonts with \plaintex{}, \LaTeXo{} and current \LaTeX{}
- are provided.
-
- \nothtml{\bgroup\raggedwithindent}
- For further details (and samples) see\\
- \URL{http://www.micropress-inc.com/fonts/pamath/pamain.htm}
- \nothtml{\par\egroup}
-
-\item[TM Math](14 fonts) MicroPress Inc.\\
- TM Math is a family of serif fonts, inspired by the Times
- (\acro{TM}) typeface. TM Math comprises the fonts necessary for
- mathematical typesetting (maths italic, maths symbols and extensions)
- in normal and bold weights. The family also includes all \acro{OT}1
- and \acro{T}1 encoded text fonts of various shapes, as well as fonts
- with most useful glyphs of the \acro{TS}1 encoding. Macros for
- using the fonts with \plaintex{}, \LaTeXo{} and current \LaTeX{}
- are provided. Bitmapped copies of the fonts are available free, on
- \acro{CTAN}.
-
- \nothtml{\bgroup\raggedwithindent}
- For further details (and samples) see\\
- \URL{http://www.micropress-inc.com/fonts/tmmath/tmmain.htm}
- \nothtml{\par\egroup}
-\end{booklist}
-Two other font sets should be mentioned, even though they don't
-currently produce satisfactory output~--- their author is no longer
-working on them, and several problems have been identified:
-\begin{booklist}
-\item[Pxfonts set version 1.0](26 fonts) by Young Ryu\\
- The \FontName{pxfonts} set consists of
- \begin{itemize}
- \item virtual text fonts using \FontName{Adobe} \FontName{Palatino}
- (or its \acro{URW} replacement, \FontName{Palladio})
- with modified plus, equal and slash symbols;
- \item maths alphabets using \FontName{Palatino} (or \FontName{Palladio};
- \item maths fonts of all symbols in the computer modern maths fonts
- (\FontName{cmsy}, \FontName{cmmi}, \FontName{cmex} and the Greek
- letters of \FontName{cmr})
- \item maths fonts of all symbols corresponding to the \acro{AMS}
- fonts (\FontName{msam} and \FontName{msbm});
- \item additional maths fonts of various symbols.
- \end{itemize}
- The text fonts are available in \acro{OT}1, \acro{T}1 and \acro{LY}1
- encodings, and \acro{TS} encoded symbols are also available. The
- sans serif and monospaced fonts supplied with the \FontName{txfonts}
- set (see below) may be used with \FontName{pxfonts}; the
- \FontName{txfonts} set should be installed whenever \FontName{pxfonts}
- are. \LaTeX{}, \ProgName{dvips} and \PDFTeX{} support files are
- included.
-
- The fonts are not perfect; the widths assigned to the characters in
- the \extension{tfm} file are wrong for some glyphs; this can cause
- sequences of characters to ``look wrong'', or in some cases even to
- overlap; the \FontName{newpx} fonts (noted above) aim to reduce
- these problems.
-
- The fonts are licensed under the \acro{GPL}; use in published
- documents is permitted.
-
-\item[Newpx]by Michael Sharpe from Young Ryu's \ProgName{pxfonts}\\
- This collection is derived from \ProgName{pxfonts}; the maths fonts
- metrics have been adjusted so that the output is less cramped than
- when \ProgName{pxfonts} is used; the appearance of the output is
- much improved. Two packages are provided, \Package{newpxtext} for
- using the associated text fonts, and \Package{newpxmath} for
- mathematics.
-
-\item[Txfonts set version 3.1](42 fonts) by Young Ryu\\
- The \FontName{txfonts} set consists of
- \begin{itemize}
- \item virtual text fonts using \FontName{Adobe} \FontName{Times} (or
- the \acro{URW} \FontName{Nimbus Roman No9 L} font that
- substitutes for Times, which is distributed as part of the
- \acro{URW} ``basic 35'' collection) with
- modified plus, equal and slash symbols;
- \item matching sets of sans serif and monospace (`typewriter')
- fonts (the sans serif set is based on \FontName{Adobe} \FontName{Helvetica});
- \item maths alphabets using Adobe \FontName{Times}, or the URW
- equivalent \FontName{NimbusRomanNo9};
- \item maths fonts of all symbols in the computer modern maths fonts
- (\FontName{cmsy}, \FontName{cmmi}, \FontName{cmex} and the Greek
- letters of \FontName{cmr})
- \item maths fonts of all symbols corresponding to the \acro{AMS}
- fonts (\FontName{msam} and \FontName{msbm});
- \item additional maths fonts of various symbols.
- \end{itemize}
- The text fonts are available in \acro{OT}1, \acro{T}1 and \acro{LY}1
- encodings, and \acro{TS} encoded symbols are also available.
-
- The fonts are not perfect; the widths assigned to the characters in
- the \extension{tfm} file are wrong for some glyphs; this can cause
- sequences of characters to ``look wrong'', or in some cases even to
- overlap; the \FontName{newtx} fonts (noted above) aim to reduce
- these problems.
-
- The fonts are licensed under the \acro{GPL}; use in published
- documents is permitted.
-\item[Txfontsb set version 1.00] by Young Ryu and Antonis Tsolomitis\\
- The \ProgName{txfontsb} bundles \ProgName{txfonts}, extended to
- provide a Small Caps set, Old-Style numbers and Greek text (from the
- GNU Freefont set).
-\begin{flatversion}
- Documentation
- (\URL{http://mirrors.ctan.org/fonts/txfontsb/doc/txfontsb.pdf})
-\end{flatversion}
-\begin{hyperversion}
- \href{http://mirrors.ctan.org/fonts/txfontsb/doc/txfontsb.pdf}{Documentation}
-\end{hyperversion}
- is available for this variant, too.
-
-\item[Newtx]by Michael Sharpe from Young Ryu's \ProgName{txfonts}\\
- This collection is derived from \ProgName{txfonts}; the maths fonts
- metrics have been adjusted so that the output is less cramped than
- when \ProgName{txfonts} is used; the appearance of the output is
- much improved. Two packages are provided, \Package{newtxtext} for
- using the associated text fonts, and \Package{newtxmath} for
- mathematics. Options are provided to substitute
- letters and symbols from the \FontName{Libertine} set, and from the
- Garamond extension font \FontName{garamondx} (but note that
- \FontName{garamondx}, which is an adaptation of \acro{URW} Garamond,
- is not available via \texlive{}).
-\end{booklist}
-Finally, one must not forget:
-\begin{booklist}
-\item[Proprietary fonts]Various sources.\\
- Since having a high quality font set in scalable outline form that
- works with \TeX{} can give a publisher a real competitive advantage,
- there are some publishers that have paid (a lot) to have such font
- sets made for them. Unfortunately, these sets are not available on
- the open market, despite the likelihood that they're more complete
- than those that are.
-\end{booklist}
-We observe a very limited selection of commercial maths font sets; a
-Type~1 maths font has to be explicitly designed for use with \TeX{},
-which is an expensive business, and is of little appeal in other
-markets. Furthermore, the \TeX{} market for commercial fonts is
-minute by comparison with the huge sales of other font sets.
-
-Text fonts in Type~1 format are available from many vendors including
-Adobe, Monotype and Bitstream. However, be careful with cheap font
-``collections''; many of them dodge copyright restrictions by removing
-(or crippling) parts of the font programs such as hinting. Such
-behaviour is both unethical and bad for the consumer.
-The fonts may not render well (or at all, under \acro{ATM}), may not have the
-`standard' complement of 228 glyphs, or may not include metric files
-(which you need to make \acro{TFM} files).
-
-\ttype{} was for a long time the ``native'' format for Windows, but
-MicroSoft joined the development of the \otype{} specification, and
-`modern' windows will work happily with fonts in either format. Some \TeX{}
-implementations such as \Qref*{True\TeX{}}{Q-commercial} use TrueType
-versions of Computer Modern and Times Maths fonts to render \TeX{}
-documents in Windows without the need for additional system software like
-\acro{ATM}. (When used on a system running Windows~XP or later,
-True\TeX{} can also use Adobe Type~1 fonts.)
-
-When choosing fonts, your own system environment may not be the only one of
-interest. If you will be sending your finished documents to others for
-further use, you should consider whether a given font format will introduce
-compatibility problems. Publishers may require TrueType exclusively because
-their systems are Windows-based, or Type~1 exclusively, because their systems
-are based on the early popularity of that format in the publishing industry.
-Many service bureaus don't care as long as you present them with a finished
-print file (\PS{} or \acro{PDF}) for their output device.
-\begin{ctanrefs}
-\item[\nothtml{\normalfont}CM family collection]%
- Distributed as part of \CTANref{amsfonts}
-\item[\nothtml{\normalfont}AMS font collection]%
- Distributed as part of \CTANref{amsfonts}
-\item[Belleek \nothtml{\normalfont}fonts]%
- \CTANref{belleek}
-\item[\nothtml{\normalfont} URW Classico fonts]\CTANref{classico}
-\item[CM-super \nothtml{\normalfont}collection]\CTANref{cm-super}
-\item[eulervm.sty \nothtml{\normalfont}and supporting metrics]%
- \CTANref{eulervm}
-\item[fourier \nothtml{\normalfont}(including metrics and other support for \nothtml{\itshape}utopia]%
- \CTANref{fourier}
-\item[fouriernc]\CTANref{fouriernc}
-\item[garamondx]\CTANref{garamondx}
-\item[hfbright \nothtml{\normalfont}collection]\CTANref{hfbright}
-\item[hvmath \nothtml{\normalfont\itshape}(free bitmapped version)]%
- \CTANref{hvmath}
-\item[kpfonts \nothtml{\normalfont}family]\CTANref{kpfonts}
-\item[Libertine \nothtml{\normalfont}family]\CTANref{libertine}
-\item[Lucida Bright/Math metrics]\CTANref{lucida}
-\item[Lucida PSNFSS support]\CTANref{lucida-psnfss}
-\item[MathDesign \nothtml{\normalfont}collection]\CTANref{mathdesign}
-\item[\nothtml{\normalfont}Maths Font Survey]\CTANref{mathsurvey.pdf}
- (\acro{PDF}) or \CTANref{mathsurvey.html} (\acro{HTML})
-\item[\nothtml{\normalfont}MathTime Pro 2 Lite]\CTANref{mtp2lite}
-\item[\nothtml{\normalfont}Minion Pro support]\CTANref{minionpro}
-\item[MnSymbol \nothtml{\normalfont}family]\CTANref{mnsymbol}
-\item[Newtx \nothtml{\normalfont}fonts]\CTANref{newtx}
-\item[NimbusRomanNo9 fonts]distributed in \CTANref{urw-base35}
-\item[Palladio fonts]distributed in \CTANref{urw-base35}
-\item[pxfonts]\CTANref{pxfonts}
-\item[sansmath.sty]\CTANref{sansmath}
-\item[tmmath \nothtml{\normalfont\itshape}(free bitmapped version)]%
- \CTANref{tmmath}
-\item[txfonts]\CTANref{txfonts}
-\item[\nothtml{\normalfont}URW ``35 fonts'' collection]\CTANref{urw-base35}
-\item[utopia \nothtml{\normalfont}fonts]\CTANref{utopia}
-\end{ctanrefs}
-\LastEdit{2014-01-22}
-
-\Question[Q-otf-maths]{Unicode Maths using OpenType fonts}
-
-The \acro{ISO} standard Universal Coding Scheme (UCS), which is
-commonly known as Unicode, was adopted early by the designers of
-TrueType (\acro{TTF}) and OpenType (\acro{OTF}) fonts. The
-flexibility of the fonts offers hope, for the first time, of a uniform
-method for typesetting essentially any language.
-
-\tex{} users have been eagerly adopting the fonts, for some time,
-using \xetex{} (now a rather stable system) and \luatex{} (which is,
-at the time of writing, still being developed).
-
-While \tex{} users were investigating the use of these text fonts,
-\acro{ISO} was extending Unicode to provide a means of expressing
-mathematics. As this work proceeded, MicroSoft and (separately) a
-consortium of publishing companies were developing OpenType maths
-fonts. (Microsoft contributed on the development of the concepts,
-within the \acro{ISO} process.) MicroSoft's OpenType Maths font,
-\FontName{Cambria Math} has been available for purchase for some time.
-
-The first free OpenType Maths font to appear was % !line break
-\FontName{Asana Math}, which was eventually followed by
-the publishers' consortium's offer of an interim version
-of their font, \FontName{STIX}, which has been
-redeveloped to provide a more usable whole, \FontName{XITS}, by a group
-of \tex{} users.
-
-Other fonts are appearing, including % ! line break
-\FontName{TeX Gyre Termes Math} (based on Times-like fonts) and
-\FontName{Tex Gyre Pagella Math} (based on Palatino-like fonts),
-and \FontName{LM Math} extending the OpenType version of the
-\FontName{Latin Modern} font family.
-
-Actually using a unicode maths font is quite a complicated business,
-but the \latex{} package \Package{unicode-math} (supported
-by the \Package{fontspec} package) does the essential groundwork.
-\begin{ctanrefs}
-\item[Asana-Math \nothtml{\rmfamily}font]\CTANref{asana-math}[asana-math]
-\item[fontspec.sty]\CTANref{fontspec}
-\item[lm-math \nothtml{\rmfamily}fonts]\CTANref{lm-math}
-\item[STIX \nothtml{\rmfamily}fonts]\CTANref{stix}
-\item[unicode-math.sty]\CTANref{unicode-math}
-\item[tex-gyre-math-pagella \nothtml{\rmfamily}font]distributed as
- part of \CTANref{tex-gyre-math}[tex-gyre-math-pagella]
-\item[tex-gyre-math-termes \nothtml{\rmfamily}font]distributed as part
- of \CTANref{tex-gyre-math}[tex-gyre-math-termes]
-\item[XITS \nothtml{\rmfamily}fonts]\CTANref{xits}
-\end{ctanrefs}
-\LastEdit*{2014-01-22}
-% more to come...
-
-\Question[Q-charshift]{Weird characters in \ProgName{dvips} output}
-\keywords{fi ligature pound pounds sterling elephants}
-
-You've innocently generated output, using \ProgName{dvips}, and there
-are weird transpositions in it: for example, the \texttt{fi} ligature has
-appeared as a \textsterling{} symbol.
-This is an unwanted side-effect of the precautions
-outlined in \Qref*{generating \PS{} for PDF}{Q-dvips-pdf}.
-The \texttt{-G1} switch discussed in that question is appropriate for
-Knuth's text fonts, but doesn't work with text fonts that don't follow
-Knuth's patterns (such as fonts supplied by Adobe).
-
-If the problem arises, suppress the \texttt{-G1} switch: if you were using it
-explicitly, \emph{don't}; if you were using \texttt{-Ppdf}, add \texttt{-G0} to
-suppress the implicit switch in the pseudo-printer file.
-
-The problem has been corrected in \ProgName{dvips} v~5.90 (and later
-versions); it is unlikely ever to recur\dots{}
-\LastEdit{2012-10-24}
-
-\subsection{Macros for using fonts}
-
-\Question[Q-fonts-pln]{Using non-standard fonts in \plaintex{}}
-
-\plaintex{} (in accordance with its description) doesn't do anything
-fancy with fonts: it sets up the fonts that Knuth found he needed when
-writing the package, and leaves you to do the rest.
-
-To use something other than Knuth's default, you can use Knuth's
-mechanism, the \csx{font} primitive:
-\begin{quote}
-\begin{verbatim}
-\font\foo=nonstdfont
-...
-\foo
-Text set using nonstdfont ...
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{quote}
-The name you use (\texttt{nonstdfont}, above) is the name of the
-\extension{tfm} file for the font you want.
-
-If you want to use an italic version of \csx{foo}, you need to use
-\csx{font} again:
-\begin{quote}
-\begin{verbatim}
-\font\fooi=nonstdfont-italic
-...
-\fooi
-Text set using nonstdfont italic...
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{quote}
-This is all very elementary stuff, and serves for simple use of fonts.
-However, there are wrinkles, the most important of which is the matter
-of \Qref*{font encodings}{Q-whatenc}. One almost never sees new fonts
-that use Knuth's eccentric font encodings~--- but those encodings are
-built into \plaintex{}, so that some macros of \plaintex{} need to be
-changed to use the fonts. \LaTeX{} gets around all these problems by
-using a ``font selection scheme''~--- this `\acro{NFSS}' (`\acro{N}'
-for `new', as opposed to what \LaTeXo{} had) carries around with it
-separate information about the fonts you use, so the changes to
-encoding-specific commands happen automagically.
-
-If you only want to use the \Qref*{\acro{EC} fonts}{Q-ECfonts}, you
-can in principle use the \Package{ec-plain} bundle, which gives you a version
-of \plaintex{} which you can run in the same way that you run
-\plaintex{} using the original \acro{CM} fonts, by invoking
-\ProgName{tex}. (\Package{Ec-plain} also extends the \acro{EC} fonts,
-for reasons which aren't immediately clear, but which might cause
-problems if you're hoping to use Type 1 versions of the fonts.)
-
-The \Package{font_selection} package provides a sort of halfway house:
-it provides font face and size, but not family selection. This gives
-you considerable freedom, but leaves you stuck with the original
-\acro{CM} fonts. It's a compact solution, within its restrictions.
-
-Other \plaintex{} approaches to the problem (packages
-\Package{plnfss}, \Package{fontch} and \Package{ofs}) break out of the
-\plaintex{} model, towards the sort of font selection provided by
-\CONTeXT{} and \LaTeX{}~--- font selection that allows you to change
-family, as well as size and face. The remaining packages all make
-provision for using encodings other than Knuth's \acro{OT}1.
-
-\Package{Plnfss} has a rather basic set of font family details;
-however, it is capable of using font description (\extension{fd}) files
-created for \LaTeX{}. (This is useful, since most modern mechanisms
-for integrating outline fonts with \TeX{} generate \extension{fd} files
-in their process.)
-
-\Package{Fontch} has special provision for \acro{T}1 and \acro{TS}1
-encodings, which you select by arcane commands, such as:
-\begin{quote}
-\begin{verbatim}
-\let\LMTone\relax
-\input fontch.tex
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{quote}
-for \acro{T}1.
-
-\Package{Ofs} seems to be the most thoroughly thought-through of the
-alternatives, and can select more than one encoding: as well as
-\acro{T}1 it covers the encoding \acro{IL}2, which is favoured in the
-Czech Republic and Slovakia. \Package{Ofs} also covers mathematical fonts,
-allowing you the dubious pleasure of using fonts such as the % ! line break
-\Qref*{\FontName{pxfonts} and \FontName{txfonts}}{Q-psfchoice}.
-
-The \Package{pdcmac} \plaintex{} macro package aims to be a complete
-document preparation environment, like \Qref*{\Eplain{}}{Q-eplain}. One
-of its components is a font selection scheme, \Package{pdcfsel}, which
-is rather simple but adequately powerful for many uses. The package
-doesn't preload fonts: the user is required to declare the fonts the
-document is going to use, and the package provides commands to select
-fonts as they're needed. The distribution includes a configuration to
-use Adobe `standard' fonts for typesetting text. (\Eplain{} itself
-seems not to offer a font selection scheme.)
-
-The \Package{font-change} collection takes a rather different
-approach~--- it supplies what are (in effect) a series of templates
-that may be included in a document to change font usage. The
-package's documentation shows the effect rather well.
-
-Simply to change font \emph{size} in a document (i.e., not changing
-the default font itself), may be done using the rather straightforward
-\Package{varisize}, which offers font sizes ranging from 7~points to
-20~points (nominal sizes, all). Font size commands are generated when
-any of the package files is loaded, so the \File{11pt.tex} defines a
-command \csx{elevenpoint}; each of the files ensures there's a ``way
-back'', by defining a \csx{tenpoint} command.
-\begin{ctanrefs}
-\item[ec-plain]\CTANref{ec-plain}
-\item[font-change]\CTANref{font-change}
-\item[fontch]\CTANref{fontch}
-\item[font_selection]\CTANref{font_selection}
-\item[ofs]\CTANref{ofs}
-\item[pdcmac]\CTANref{pdcmac}
-\item[plnfss]\CTANref{plnfss}
-\item[varisize]\CTANref{varisize}
-\end{ctanrefs}
-
-\subsection{Particular font families}
-
-\Question[Q-concrete]{Using the ``Concrete'' fonts}
-
-The Concrete Roman fonts were designed by Don Knuth for a book called
-``Concrete Mathematics'', which he wrote with Graham and Patashnik
-(\emph{the} Patashnik, of \BibTeX{} fame). Knuth
-only designed text fonts, since the book used the Euler fonts for
-mathematics. The book was typeset using \plaintex{}, of course, with
-additional macros that may be viewed in a file \File{gkpmac.tex},
-which is available on \acro{CTAN}.
-
-The packages \Package{beton}, \Package{concmath}, and
-\Package{ccfonts} are \LaTeX{} packages that change the default text
-fonts from Computer Modern to Concrete. Packages \Package{beton} and
-\Package{ccfonts} also slightly increase the default value of
-\csx{baselineskip} to account for the rather heavier weight of the
-Concrete fonts. If you wish to use the \FontName{Euler} fonts for
-mathematics, as Knuth did, there's the \Package{euler} package which
-has been developed from Knuth's own \plaintex{}-based set: these
-macros are currently deprecated (they clash with many things, including
-\AMSLaTeX{}). The independently-developed \Package{eulervm}
-bundle is therefore preferred to the \Package{euler} package. (Note
-that installing the \Package{eulervm} bundle involves installing a
-series of virtual fonts. While most modern distributions seem to have
-the requisite files installed by default, you may find you have to
-install them. If so, see the file \File{readme} in the
-\Package{eulervm} distribution.)
-
-A few years after Knuth's original design, Ulrik Vieth
-designed the Concrete Math fonts. Packages
-\Package{concmath}, and \Package{ccfonts} also change the default math
-fonts from Computer Modern to Concrete and use the Concrete versions
-of the \acro{AMS} fonts (this last behaviour is optional in the case
-of the \Package{concmath} package).
-
-There are no bold Concrete fonts, but it is generally accepted that
-the Computer Modern Sans Serif demibold condensed fonts are an
-adequate substitute. If you are using \Package{concmath} or
-\Package{ccfonts} and you want to follow this suggestion, then use the
-package with \pkgoption{boldsans} class option (in spite of the fact
-that the \Package{concmath} documentation calls it
-\pkgoption{sansbold} class option). If you are using \Package{beton},
-add
-\begin{quote}
- \cmdinvoke{renewcommand}{\csx{bfdefault}}{sbc}
-\end{quote}
-to the preamble of your document.
-
-Type~1 versions of the fonts are available. For \acro{OT}1 encoding,
-they are available from \Qref*{MicroPress}{Q-psfchoice}. The
-\Qref*{CM-Super fonts}{Q-textrace} contain Type~1 versions
-of the Concrete fonts in \acro{T}1 encoding.
-\begin{ctanrefs}
-\item[beton.sty]\CTANref{beton}
-\item[ccfonts.sty]\CTANref{ccfonts}
-\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}CM-Super fonts]\CTANref{cm-super}
-\item[concmath.sty]\CTANref{concmath}
-\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Concmath fonts]\CTANref{concmath-f}
-\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Concrete fonts]\CTANref{concrete}
-\item[euler.sty]\CTANref{euler-latex}
-\item[eulervm \nothtml{\rmfamily}bundle]\CTANref{eulervm}
-\item[gkpmac.tex]\CTANref{gkpmac}
-\end{ctanrefs}
-
-\Question[Q-uselmfonts]{Using the Latin Modern fonts}
-
-The \Package{lm} fonts are an exciting addition to
-the armoury of the \AllTeX{} user: high quality outlines of fonts that
-were until recently difficult to obtain, all in a free and
-relatively compact package. However, the spartan information file
-that comes with the fonts remarks ``It is presumed that a potential
-user knows what to do with all these files''. This answer aims to
-fill in the requirements: the job is really not terribly difficult.
-
-Note that te\TeX{} distributions, from version~3.0, already have the
-\Package{lm} fonts: all you need do is use them. The fonts may also
-be installed via the package manager, in a current \miktex{} system.
-The remainder of this answer, then, is for people who don't use such
-systems.
-
-The font (and related) files appear on \acro{CTAN} as a set of
-single-entry \Qref*{\acro{TDS} trees}{Q-tds}~---
-\File{fonts}, \File{dvips}, \File{tex} and \File{doc}. The \File{doc}
-subtree really need not be copied (it's really a pair of sample
-files), but copy the other three into your existing Local
-\texttt{\$TEXMF} tree, and
-% beware line break
-\Qref*{update the filename database}{Q-inst-wlcf}.
-
-Now, incorporate the fonts in the set searched by \PDFLaTeX{},
-\ProgName{dvips}, \ProgName{dvipdfm}/\ProgName{dvipdfmx}, your
-previewers and Type~1-to-\acro{PK} conversion programs, by
-\begin{itemize}
-\item On a te\TeX{} system earlier than version~2.0, edit the file
- \File{$TEXMF/dvips/config/updmap} %$
- and insert an absolute path for the \File{lm.map} just after the
- line that starts \texttt{extra\_modules="} (and before the closing
- quotes).
-\item On a te\TeX{} version~2.0 (or later), execute the command
-\begin{quote}
-\begin{verbatim}
-updmap --enable Map lm.map
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{quote}
-\item On a \miktex{} system earlier than version~2.2, the ``Refresh
- filename database'' operation, which you performed after installing
- files, also updates the system's ``\PS{} resources database''.
-\item On a \miktex{} system, version~2.2 or later, update
- \File{updmap.cfg} as described in the \miktex{} % beware line break
- \href{http://docs.miktex.org/manual/psfonts.html#chgupdmapcfg}{online documentation}.
- Then execute the command \texttt{initexmf -\relax-mkmaps}, and the
- job is done.
-\end{itemize}
-
-To use the fonts in a \LaTeX{} document, you should
-\begin{quote}
- \cmdinvoke{usepackage}{lmodern}
-\end{quote}
-this will make the fonts the default
-for all three \LaTeX{} font families (``roman'', ``sans-serif'' and
-``typewriter''). You also need
-\begin{quote}
- \cmdinvoke{usepackage}[T1]{fontenc}
-\end{quote}
-for text, and
-\begin{quote}
- \cmdinvoke{usepackage}{textcomp}
-\end{quote}
-if you want to use any of the \acro{TS}1-encoding symbols. There is
-no support for using fonts according to the \acro{OT}1 encoding.
-\begin{ctanrefs}
-\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Latin Modern fonts]\CTANref{lm}
-\end{ctanrefs}
-
-\Question[Q-getnff]{Getting `free' fonts not in your distribution}
-
-Some fonts are free to use, but may not be sold. This creates a
-dilemma for distributions: users may want the fonts, but since the
-distribution is also available on a \acro{DVD} for sale, the fonts may
-not be in the distribtution.
-
-The \acro{CTAN} archives hold such fonts, together with all the
-necessary support files, but even with the support files ready-made,
-installing a font is a tedious business.
-
-For \texlive{} users, this dilemma is solved by the
-\ProgName{getnonfreefonts} script. Download the script installer from
-\url{http://tug.org/fonts/getnonfreefonts/}; the web page tells you
-how to run the installer to get the script, and what fonts are
-currently available
-
-Once the script is installed, you can ask it what it has available by
-saying:
-\begin{quote}
-\begin{verbatim}
-getnonfreefonts -l
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{quote}
-and you can ask it to install a font (in your local texmf tree) by:
-\begin{quote}
-\begin{verbatim}
-getnonfreefonts luximono
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{quote}
-(for example; the printed version of the \acro{FAQ} uses luximono, so
-that the example was to hand\dots{}).
-
-(System adminstrators may use \ProgName{getnonfreefonts-sys}, which
-will install the font in the `public' \texttt{texmf} tree, so that all
-users of the system may use the new font.)
-
-The script will download the relevant font files from \acro{CTAN},
-extract them from their \extension{zip} file, install them and update
-the font maps. It even goes so far as to apologise for how long it's
-taking!
-\LastEdit*{2013-10-22}
-
-\subsection{\MF{} fonts}
-
-\Question[Q-useMF]{Getting \MF{} to do what you want}
-
-\MF{} allows you to create your own fonts, and most \TeX{} users
-will never need to use it~--- modern \AllTeX{} systems contain
-rather few \MF{} fonts of any significance, and when \MF{} output is
-needed the font generation is done, automatically, ``on the fly''.
-
-If you find you have some special requirement that the system doesn't
-satisfy, you need to know about \MF{} in rather more detail. \MF{},
-unlike \TeX{}, requires customisation for each output device: such
-customisation is conventionally held in a ``mode'' associated with the
-device. Modes are commonly defined using the \texttt{mode\_def}
-convention described on page~94 of \emph{The \MF{}book} % ! line break
-(see \Qref[question]{\TeX{}-related books}{Q-other-books}). Your
-distribution should provide
-a file, conventionally called \File{local.mf}, containing all the
-\texttt{mode\_def}s you will be using. In the unlikely event that
-\File{local.mf} doesn't already exist, Karl Berry's collection of
-modes (\File{modes.mf}) is a good starting point
-(it can be used as a `\File{local.mf}' without modification in a
-modern implementation of \MF{}).
-Settings for new output devices are added to \File{modes.mf} as they
-become available.
-
-Now create
-a \texttt{plain} base file using \ProgName{mf} (in ``initialisation''
-mode), \texttt{plain.mf}, and \texttt{local.mf}:
-\begin{quote}
-\begin{verbatim}
-% mf -ini
-This is METAFONT...
-**plain # you type plain
-(output)
-*input local # you type this
-(output)
-*dump # you type this
-Beginning to dump on file plain...
-(output)
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{quote}
-This will create a base file named \File{plain.base} (or something
-similar; for example, it will be \File{PLAIN.BAS} on \MSDOS{}
-systems). Move the file to the directory containing the base files on
-your system, and run \ProgName{texhash} as necessary.
-
-Now you need to make sure \MF{} loads this new base when it starts up. If
-\MF{} loads the \texttt{plain} base by default on your system, then you're
-ready to go. Under Unix (using the default \texlive{} (and earlier)
-distributions this does indeed happen, but we could for instance
-define a command \ProgName{plainmf}%
-\begin{footnoteenv}
- On the grounds that a command \ProgName{plain} could be misconstrued
- as a reference to \plaintex{}
-\end{footnoteenv}
-which executes `\texttt{mf -base=plain}' (or, in more traditional
-style `\texttt{mf \&plain}') which loads the \texttt{plain} base
-file.
-
-The usual way to create a font with \MF{} (with an appropriate base
-file loaded) is to start \MF{}'s input with the
-\begin{narrowversion}
- lines
- \begin{quote}
- \csx{mode}\texttt{=<mode name>;}\\
- \texttt{mag=<magnification>;}\\
- \texttt{input <font file name>}
- \end{quote}
-\end{narrowversion}
-\begin{wideversion}
-line
-\begin{quote}
-\begin{verbatim}
-\mode=<mode name>; mag=<magnification>; input <font file name>
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{quote}
-\end{wideversion}
-in response to the `\texttt{**}' prompt or on the \MF{} command line. (If
-\texttt{<mode name>} is unknown or omitted, the mode defaults to
-`proof' mode and \MF{} will produce an output file called % ! line break
-\File{<font file name>.2602gf})
-The \texttt{<magnification>} is a floating point number or a
-`magstep' (magsteps define sizes by stating how many times you need to
-multiply a base size by \texttt{1.2}, so for a base size of
-\texttt{10}, \texttt{magstep 1} is \texttt{12}, \texttt{magstep 2} is
-\texttt{14.4}
-If \texttt{mag=<magnification>} is omitted, then the default
-is \texttt{1}~(\texttt{magstep 0}). For example, to generate
-\FontName{cmr10} at \texttt{12pt} for an Epson,
-printer you might type
-\begin{quote}
-\begin{verbatim}
-mf \mode=epson; mag=magstep 1; input cmr10
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{quote}
-Note that under Unix the \texttt{\textbackslash } and \texttt{;}
-characters must usually be quoted or escaped, so this would typically
-look something like
-\begin{quote}
-\begin{verbatim}
- mf '\mode=epson; mag=magstep 1; input cmr10'
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{quote}
-If you need a special mode that isn't in the base, you can put its
-commands in a file (\emph{e.g.}, \File{ln03.mf}) and invoke it on the
-fly with the \csx{smode} command. For example, to create
-\File{cmr10.300gf} for an \acro{LN}03 printer, using the file
-\begin{quote}
-\begin{verbatim}
-% This is ln03.mf as of 1990/02/27
-% mode_def courtesy of John Sauter
-proofing:=0;
-fontmaking:=1;
-tracingtitles:=0;
-pixels_per_inch:=300;
-blacker:=0.65;
-fillin:=-0.1;
-o_correction:=.5;
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{quote}
-(note the absence of the \texttt{mode\_def} and \texttt{enddef}
-commands), you would type
-\begin{quote}
-\begin{verbatim}
-mf \smode="ln03"; input cmr10
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{quote}
-This technique isn't one you should regularly use, but it may
-prove useful if you acquire a new printer and want to experiment with
-parameters, or for some other reason are regularly editing the
-parameters you're using. Once you've settled on an appropriate set of
-parameters, you should use them to rebuild the base file that you use.
-
-Other sources of help are discussed in our list of % ! line break
-\Qref*{\MF{} and \MP{} Tutorials}{Q-mfptutorials}.
-\begin{ctanrefs}
-\item[modes.mf]\CTANref{modes-file}
-\end{ctanrefs}
-\LastEdit{2011-09-04}
-
-\Question[Q-keepfonts]{Which font files should be kept}
-
-\MF{} produces from its run three files, a metrics (\acro{TFM}) file, a
-generic font (\acro{GF}) file, and a log file; all of these files have the
-same base name as does the input (\emph{e.g.}, if the input file was
-\File{cmr10.mf}, the outputs will be \File{cmr10.tfm},
-\File{cmr10.nnngf} (the file name may be mangled if you are using an
-operating system which doesn't permit long file names)
-and \File{cmr10.log}).
-
-For \TeX{} to use the font, you need a \acro{TFM} file, so you need
-to keep that. However, you are likely to generate the same font
-at more than one magnification, and each time you do so you'll
-(incidentally) generate another \acro{TFM} file; these files are
-all the same, so you only need to keep one of them.
-
-To preview or to produce printed output, the \acro{DVI} processor will need a
-font raster file; this is what the \acro{GF} file provides. However, while
-there used (once upon a time) to be \acro{DVI} processors that could use
-\acro{GF} files, modern processors use
-packed raster (\acro{PK}) files (incidentally, \pdftex{} also uses
-\acro{PK} files if nothing ``better'' is available, but
-see \Qref[]{fuzzy fonts in \acro{PDF}}{Q-fuzzy-type3}).
-Therefore, you need to generate a \acro{PK} file from the \acro{GF} file; the
-program \ProgName{gftopk} does this for you, and once you've done that you
-may throw the \acro{GF} file away.
-
-The log file should never be needed again, unless there was some sort
-of problem in the \MF{} run, and need not therefore be kept.
-\LastEdit{2011-09-04}
-
-\Question[Q-getbitmap]{Acquiring bitmap fonts}
-
-When \acro{CTAN} was young, most people would start using \TeX{}
-with a 300 dots-per-inch (dpi) laser printer, and sets of Computer
-Modern bitmap fonts for this resolution are available on \acro{CTAN}.
-(There are separate sets for write-black and write-white printers, as
-well as sets at 120~dpi and 240~dpi.)
-
-There used to regular requests that \acro{CTAN} should hold
-a wider range of resolutions, but they were resisted for two reasons:
-\begin{itemize}
-\item The need to decide which printers to generate fonts for. The
- broad-brush approach taken for 300~dpi printers was (more or less)
- justified back then, given the dominance of certain printer
- `engines', but nowadays one could not make any such assumption.
-\item Given the above, it has been near-impossible to justify the
- space that would be required by a huge array of bitmap fonts.
-\end{itemize}
-Fortunately, \AllTeX{} distribution technology has put a stop to these
-arguments: most (if not all) current distributions generate bitmap
-fonts as needed, and cache them for later re-use. The impatient
-user, who is determined that all bitmap fonts should be created once
-and for all, may be supported by scripts such as \ProgName{allcm}
-(distributed with \texlive{}, at least; otherwise such a
-person should consult ``\Qref*{the use of \MF{}}{Q-useMF})''.
-
-If your output is to a \PS{}-capable device, or if your output is
-destined to be converted to \acro{PDF}, you should switch to
-using Type~1 versions of the \acro{CM} fonts. Two free
-sets are available; the older (\Package{bakoma}) is
-somewhat less well produced than the \Package{bluesky} fonts, which were
-originally professionally produced and sold, but were then released
-for general public use by their originators \YandY{} and Bluesky Research,
-in association with the \acro{AMS} and other scientific publishers
-(they are nowadays available under the SIL's Open Fonts Licence). The
-two sets contain slightly different ranges of fonts, but you are
-advised to use the \Package{bluesky} set except when \Package{bakoma}
-is for some reason absolutely unavoidable. In recent years, several
-other `\MF{}' fonts have been converted to Type~1 format; it's
-uncommon ever to need to generate bitmap fonts for any purpose other
-than previewing~--- see % ! line wrap
-\Qref*{``previewing documents with Type~1 fonts''}{Q-PSpreview}~---
-if even then.
-
-More modern fonts may be used in place of the Computer Modern set. The
-\Qref*{\acro{EC} fonts}{Q-ECfonts} and the % ! line break
-\Qref*{Latin Modern fonts}{Q-uselmfonts} are both close relatives with
-wider ranges of glyphs to offer.
-\begin{ctanrefs}
-\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}BaKoMa fonts]\CTANref{bakoma}
-\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Bluesky fonts]Distributed as part of
- \CTANref{amsfonts}
-\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}CM fonts (write-black printers)]\CTANref{pk300}
-\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}CM fonts (write-white printers)]\CTANref{pk300w}
-\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}EC fonts (Type 1 format)]\CTANref{cm-super}
-\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Latin Modern fonts]\CTANref{lm}
-\end{ctanrefs}
-\LastEdit{2011-09-4}