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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/tipa/tipaman3.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/tipa/tipaman3.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..47d89316755 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/tipa/tipaman3.tex @@ -0,0 +1,504 @@ +% tipaman3.tex +% Copyright 2002 FUKUI Rei +% +% This program may be distributed and/or modified under the +% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.2 +% of this license or (at your option) any later version. +% The latest version of this license is in +% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt +% and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX +% version 1999/12/01 or later. +% +% This program consists of all files listed in Manifest.txt. +% + +\begingroup +\raggedbottom + +\chapter{Recent Changes} + +\section{Changes from Version 1.2 to 1.3} + +Some symbols included in the xipa and related font families have been +modified. + +\section{Changes from Version 1.1 to 1.2} + +The following + +\begin{itemize} +\item The following symbols are added to the \texttt{tipx} fonts: + + Varieties of glottal stop symbols and a new symbol:\\ + \textglotstopvari\ (\texttt{\tbs textglotstopvari})\\ + \textglotstopvarii\ (\texttt{\tbs textglotstopvarii})\\ + \textglotstopvariii\ (\texttt{\tbs textglotstopvariii})\\ + \textlfishhookrlig\ (\texttt{\tbs textlfishhookrlig}) + +\item Symbol shapes of the \texttt{xipa} and \texttt{xipx} font + families slightly modified. +\end{itemize} + +\section{Changes from Version 1.0 to 1.1} + +The following changes have been made since the first release of +\tipa\footnote{The first release of \tipa{} has been known as + `beta0624'. I originally intended to change it to + something like `tipa-1.0' soon after the release but unfortunately + I didn't have the opportunity to do so.}. + +\begin{itemize} +\item The following typefaces are newly added in Version + 1.1. Font description files (\texttt{*.fd}) modified accordingly. + + Bold Extended Slanted Roman: \textbf{\textipa{[\textsl{""Ekspl@"neIS@n}]}}\\ + Sans Serif Bold Extended: \textbf{\textsf{\textipa{[""Ekspl@"neIS@n]}}}\\ + Sans Serif Slanted: \textsf{\textipa{[\textsl{""Ekspl@"neIS@n}]}}\\ + Typewriter Text: \texttt{\textipa{[\textsl{""Ekspl@"neIS@n}]}}\\ + Typewriter Text Slanted: \textsl{\texttt{\textipa{[\textsl{""Ekspl@"neIS@n}]}}} + +\item Many bugs fixed in the \MF\ source codes; modifications made for + almost every symbol. The \texttt{xipa} family of fonts now more closely + simulates Times Roman style.\footnote{% + I'm not fully satisfied with the result of this simulation and + further changes will be made in the next release. However, I have + no intention of simulating too closely in order to avoid any + possible copyright problems.} + +\item \texttt{t3enc.def} and \texttt{tipa.sty} modified. + +\item New series of fonts, \textbf{tipx} and \textbf{xipx} have been + created. These fonts are collections of symbols missing in the + previous version of \tipa{} and cover almost all the symbols that + appear in the second edition of \emph{PSG} (1996). (Remember that + \tipa{} was released in 1996 and at the time the second edition of + \emph{PSG} was not available.) Some of the symbols included in the + previous version of \tipa{} are now moved into \textbf{tipx} and + \textbf{xipx}. Thus the T3 encoding is slightly modified. + + In order to use newly created fonts, add the following after the + declaration of \tipa{}. + + \verb|\usepackage{tipx}| + + For a list of newly created symbols, see next section. + + The encoding of \texttt{tipx} and \texttt{xipx} still has no + definite name. The style file (\texttt{tipx.sty}) uses the + U encoding and new family names (tipx and xipx which are arbitrary). + In the future, it may be possible to use a new encoding name TS3 + (I experimentally put \texttt{ts3enc.def} and \texttt{ts3*.fd} in + the \texttt{sty} directory of the package. Use + these files at your own risk, if the system doesn't complain.) + +\item Some new tone letter commands, \verb|\stone| and \verb|\rtone|. +\item Manual updated. +\item Manual for the \texttt{vowel.sty} completed. +\item Some diacritic commands added. +\end{itemize} + +\subsection{Newly created symbols}\label{sec:newsymbols} + +The following two symbols are newly adopted in the \texttt{tipa} +encoding (i.e., T3). + +\begin{quote} +Hooktop right-tail D --- \texthtrtaild\\ +Left-hooktop long Y --- \textlhtlongy +\end{quote} + +The following command was realized by a macro in the previous version +but now is assigned a code of its own in the \texttt{tipa} encoding +(i.e., T3). + +\begin{quote} +Crossed lambda --- \textcrlambda +\end{quote} + +The following symbols are (mostly) newly created symbols in the +\texttt{tipx} fonts. (Note that some are moved from the \texttt{tipa} +because of the encoding change.) + +\begin{quote} +Right-hook A --- \textrhooka\\ +Left-hook four --- \textlhookfour\\ +Inverted script A --- \textinvscripta\\ +A-O ligature --- \textaolig\\ +Inverted small capital A --- \textinvsca\\ +Small capital A-O ligature --- \textscaolig\\ +Stretched C (original form) --- \textstretchcvar\\ +Curly-tail stretched C --- \textctstretchc\\ +Curly-tail stretched C (original form) --- \textctstretchcvar\\ +Front-hook D --- \textfrhookd\\ +Front-hook D (Original) --- \textfrhookdvar\\ +D-B ligature --- \textdblig\\ +Small capital delta --- \textscdelta\\ +Right-hook E --- \textrhooke\\ +Right-hook epsilon --- \textrhookepsilon\\ +Small capital F --- \textscf\\ +Greek gamma --- \textgrgamma\\ +Front-tail gamma --- \textfrtailgamma\\ +Back-tail gamma --- \textbktailgamma\\ +Right-tail hooktop H --- \textrtailhth\\ +Heng --- \textheng\\ +Curly-tail J (a variety found in 1996 IPA) --- \textctjvar\\ +Hooktop barred dotless J (a variety) --- \texthtbardotlessjvar\\ +Small capital K --- \textsck\\ +Turned small capital K --- \textturnsck\\ +Reversed small capital L --- \textrevscl\\ +H-M ligature --- \texthmlig\\ +Small capital M --- \textscm\\ +Front-bar N --- \textfrbarn\\ +Right leg N --- \textnrleg\\ +Bull's eye (an old version) --- \textObullseye\\ +Female sign --- \textfemale\\ +Uncrossed female sign --- \textuncrfemale\\ +Right-hook open O --- \textrhookopeno\\ +Inverted omega --- \textinvomega\\ +Left-hook P --- \textlhookp\\ +Small capital P --- \textscp\\ +A variety of thorn (1) --- \textthornvari\\ +A variety of thorn (2) --- \textthornvarii\\ +A variety of thorn (3) --- \textthornvariii\\ +A variety of thorn (4) --- \textthornvariv\\ +Q-P ligature --- \textqplig\\ +Reversed small capital R --- \textrevscr\\ +Reversed esh with top loop --- \textlooptoprevesh\\ +Front-hook T --- \textfrhookt\\ +Curly-tail turned T --- \textctturnt\\ +Turned small capital U --- \textturnscu\\ +Turned two --- \textturntwo\\ +Bent-tail yogh --- \textbenttailyogh\\ +Turned three --- \textturnthree\\ +Curly-tail inverted glottal stop --- \textctinvglotstop\\ +Turned glottal stop (PSG 1996:211) --- \textturnglotstop\\ +Pipe (a variety with no descender) --- \textpipevar\\ +Double pipe (a variety with no descender) --- \textdoublepipevar\\ +Double-barred pipe (a variety with no descender) --- \textdoublebarpipevar\\ +Superscript left arrow --- \textspleftarrow\\ +Down full arrow --- \textdownfullarrow\\ +Up full arrow --- \textupfullarrow\\ +Subscript right arrow --- \textsubrightarrow\\ +Subscript double arrow --- \textsubdoublearrow\\ +Reversed Polish hook --- an accent command e.g., \textrevpolhook{o}\\ +Retracting sign (a variety) --- \textretractingvar\\ +Right hook (long) --- \textrthooklong\\ +Palatalization hook (long) --- \textpalhooklong\\ +Palatalization hook (a variety) --- \textpalhookvar +\end{quote} + +\subsection{Symbol shape changes} + +Shapes of the following symbols have been modified from the first +version to the present. + +\begin{center}\tabcolsep.2em +\begin{tabular}{llccl} +Name & Macro name & New & Old & Old symbol name\\ +\hline +Pipe & \Tt{textpipe} & \textpipe + & \textpipevar & \Tt{textpipevar}\\ +Double pipe & \Tt{textdoublepipe} & \textdoublepipe + & \textdoublepipevar & \Tt{textdoublepipevar}\\ +Double-barred pipe & \Tt{textdoublebarpipe}& \textdoublebarpipe + & \textdoublebarpipevar & \Tt{textdoublebarpipevar}\\ +Down arrow & \Tt{textdownstep} & \textdownstep + & \textdownfullarrow & \Tt{textdownfullarrow}\\ +Up arrow & \Tt{textupstep} & \textupstep + & \textupfullarrow & \Tt{textupfullarrow}\\ +Bull's eye & \Tt{textbullseye} & \textbullseye + & \textObullseye & \Tt{textObullseye}\\ +Hooktop barred & \Tt{texthtbardotlessj}& \texthtbardotlessj + & \texthtbardotlessjvar & \Tt{texthtbardotlessjvar}\\ +dotless J \\ +\end{tabular} +\end{center} + +For each symbol, the old shape is preserved in the \texttt{tipx} fonts +and can be accessed by a new name (in most cases \texttt{var} or +\texttt{O} is attached) indicated at the rightmost column of the above +table. + + +\clearemptydoublepage +\chapter{Symbols not included in TIPA} + +Although the present version of \tipa{} includes almost all the +symbols found in \PSG\ and \Handbook, there are still some symbols not +included or defined in \tipa{}. + +Some such symbols can be realized by writing appropriate +macros, while some others cannot be realized without resorting to +the Metafont. + +This section discusses these problems by classifying such symbols into +three categories, as shown below. + +\begin{enumerate} +\itemsep0pt +\item Symbols that can be realized by \TeX{}'s macro level and/or by using + symbols from other fonts. +\item Symbols that can be imitated by \TeX{}'s macro level and/or by using + symbols from other fonts (but may not look quite satisfactory). +\item Symbols that cannot be realized at all, without creating a new + font. +\end{enumerate} + +With the addition of the \tipx{} fonts, symbols that belong to the +third category are virtually non-existent now. + +As for the symbols that belong to the first and second categories, +\tipa{} provides a variety of macros and parts of symbols that can be +used to compose a desired symbol if you can write an appropriate +macro for it. + +The following table shows symbols that belong to the first category. +For each symbol, an example of input method and its output is also +given. Note that barred or crossed symbols can be easily made by +\tipa{}'s \verb|\ipabar| macro. + +\def\SecLine{\>} + +\medskip +\begin{tabbing} +\iftimes +x \=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx \=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx \= \kill +\else +x \=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx \=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx \= \kill +\fi +\> Barred small capital I + \SecLine \verb|\ipabar{\textsci}{.5ex}{1.1}{}{}| \> + \ipabar{\textsci}{.5ex}{1.1}{}{} \\ +\> Barred J + \SecLine \verb|\ipabar{j}{.5ex}{1.1}{}{}| \> + \ipabar{j}{.5ex}{1.1}{}{} \\ +\> Crossed K + \SecLine \verb|\ipabar{k}{1.2ex}{.6}{}{.4}| \> + \ipabar{k}{1.2ex}{.6}{}{.4} \\ +\> Barred open O + \SecLine \verb|\ipabar{\textopeno}{.5ex}{.6}{.4}{}| \> + \ipabar{\textopeno}{.5ex}{.5}{.5}{} \\ +\> Barred small capital omega + \SecLine \verb|\ipabar{\textscomega}{.5ex}{1.1}{}{}| \> + \ipabar{\textscomega}{.5ex}{1.1}{}{} \\ +\> Barred P + \SecLine \verb|\ipabar{p}{.5ex}{1.1}{}{}| \> + \ipabar{p}{.5ex}{1.1}{}{} \\ +\> Half-barred U + \SecLine \verb|\ipabar{u}{.5ex}{.5}{}{.5}| \> + \ipabar{u}{.5ex}{.5}{}{.5} \\ +\> Barred small capital U + \SecLine \verb|\ipabar{\textscu}{.5ex}{1.1}{}{}| \> + \ipabar{\textscu}{.5ex}{1.1}{}{} \\ +\iftimes +\> Double slash + \SecLine \verb|/\kern-.1em/| \> + /\kern-.1em/ \\ +\> Triple slash + \SecLine \verb|/\kern-.1em/\kern-.1em/| \> + /\kern-.1em/\kern-.1em/ +\else +\> Double slash + \SecLine \verb|/\kern-.25em/| \> + /\kern-.25em/ \\ +\> Triple slash + \SecLine \verb|/\kern-.25em/\kern-.25em/| \> + /\kern-.25em/\kern-.25em/ +\fi +\end{tabbing} + +The next definitions attach a tiny `left hook' (which shows +palatalization) to a symbol. For example: + +\iftimes +\newcommand\textlhookb{{\tipaencoding + b\hspace{-.1em}\raisebox{.0ex}{\textpalhookvar}}} +\newcommand\textlhookm{{\tipaencoding + m\hspace{-.1em}\raisebox{.0ex}{\textpalhook}}} +\begin{verbatim} + % Left-hook B + \newcommand\textlhookb{{\tipaencoding + b\hspace{-.1em}\raisebox{.0ex}{\textpalhookvar}}} + % Left-hook M + \newcommand\textlhookm{{\tipaencoding + m\hspace{-.1em}\raisebox{.0ex}{\textpalhook}}} +\end{verbatim} +\else +\newcommand\textlhookb{{\tipaencoding + b\hspace{-.15em}\raisebox{.0ex}{\textpalhookvar}}} +\newcommand\textlhookm{{\tipaencoding + m\hspace{-.15em}\raisebox{.0ex}{\textpalhook}}} +\begin{verbatim} + % Left-hook B + \newcommand\textlhookb{{\tipaencoding + b\hspace{-.15em}\raisebox{.0ex}{\textpalhookvar}}} + % Left-hook M + \newcommand\textlhookm{{\tipaencoding + m\hspace{-.15em}\raisebox{.0ex}{\textpalhook}}} +\end{verbatim} +\fi + +The former example uses a left-hook called \Tt{textpalhookvar}, +(\KK\textpalhookvar\KK) and the latter uses a hook called \Tt{textpalhook}, +(\KK\textpalhook\KK). + +\begin{quote} + Left-hook B --- \textlhookb \\ + Left-hook M --- \textlhookm +\end{quote} + +Symbols that belong to the second category are shown below. Note that +slashed symbols can be in fact easily made by a macro. For example, a +slashed b i.e., \ipaclap{\textipa{b}}{\textipa{/}} can be made by +\verb|\ipaclap{\textipa{b}}{\textipa{/}}|. The reason why slashed +symbols are not included in \tipa{} is as follows: first, a simple +overlapping of a symbol and a slash does not always result in a good +shape, and secondly, it doesn't seem significant to devise fine-tuned +macros for symbols which were created essentially for typewriters. + +\medskip +\begin{tabbing} +xxxx \=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx \= \kill +\> Slashed B \> + \ipaclap{\textipa{b}}{\textipa{/}} \\ +\> Slashed C \> + \ipaclap{\textipa{c}}{\textipa{/}} \\ +\> Slashed D \> + \ipaclap{\textipa{d}}{\textipa{/}} \\ +\> Slashed U \> + \ipaclap{\textipa{u}}{\textipa{/}} \\ +\> Slashed W \> + \ipaclap{\textipa{w}}{\textipa{/}} +\end{tabbing} + +\endgroup + +\clearemptydoublepage +\chapter{FAQ} + +\newcount\FAQcnt \FAQcnt=0 + +\newcommand\QandA[2]{{\par\bigskip\parindent0pt + \global\advance\FAQcnt 1 + \hangindent2em\hangafter1 \textbf{Q\the\FAQcnt:} #1\par\medskip + \hangindent2em\hangafter1 \textbf{A\the\FAQcnt:} #2\par\medskip}} + +\newcommand\NextPar{\par\hangindent2em\hangafter0\relax} + +\QandA {I have installed all the \tipa{} fonts. But the system can't + find them. What's wrong?}{Please don't forget to run the command + \texttt{mktexlsr} after the installation. Also, try to run the + command:\par\begin{quote}\texttt{kpsewhich tipa10.mf}\end{quote} + \NextPar If the system shows nothing in return, you must have + installed them in a wrong place.} + +\QandA {I'm using shortcut letters but there are still many symbols + which have no shortcut letters. What can I do? Do I have to use all + these long names?}{You are free to define shorter names. \LaTeX's + \texttt{\tbs newcommand} is a safe way to do this. For example: + + \begin{quote} + \texttt{\tbs newcommand\tbi\tbs vef\tbii\tbi\tbs textbarrevglotstop\tbii} + \end{quote} + + \vspace{-5mm} + \begin{tipaexample} + \yitem \texttt{[\tbs vef] is a voiced epiglottal fricative.} + \yitem \textipa{\let\vef\textbarrevglotstop [\vef]} is a + voiced epiglottal fricative. + \end{tipaexample}} + +\QandA {I want to use the \LaTeX\ command \texttt{\tbs |} in the IPA + environment. But I don't want to specify the \texttt{safe} + option. Is it possible?}{Use a command called \texttt{\tbs Vert} + instead of \texttt{\tbs |}. It has the same meaning. Other possibly + dangerous commands such as \texttt{\tbs:}, \texttt{\tbs:} and + \texttt{\tbs!} have a similar substitute command. For more + details, see page~\pageref{unsafemode}.} + +\QandA {I can't input Eng (\texttt{\tbs ng}) + properly. Why?}{Use \texttt{\tbs textipa\tbi N\tbii}. Technically + speaking, this is a matter of priority among the \texttt{OT1}, + \texttt{T1} and \texttt{T3} encodings. But may be called a bug. I'll + work out this problem in the next release.} + +\QandA {How can I input \emph{capital letters}, I mean real capital + letters, not small capitals, within the IPA environment?}{Use the + command \texttt{\tbs*}. For example: + + \begin{tipaexample} + \yitem \texttt{\tbs textipa\tbi["pI\tbs *Di]\tbii} + \yitem \textipa{["pI\*Di]} + \end{tipaexample}\NextPar This command is explained in + section~\ref{sec:specialmacros}.} + +\QandA {How can I output an accent or diacritic symbol alone? For + example, I want to print the umlaut symbol alone, in order to + explain the usage of this symbol.}{Try to add an empty argument + to the umlaut command. + + \begin{tipaexample} + \yitem \texttt{\tbs texipa\tbi[\tbs"\tbi\tbii]\tbii} + \yitem \textipa{[\"{}]} + \end{tipaexample}} + +\QandA {Are there only a limited number of tone letters?} + {Absolutely not! Please read section \ref{sec:tone} carefully.} + +\QandA {How to create a PDF file?} {You can find a few examples in + section \ref{sec:pdf}.} + +\QandA {I have succeeded in creating a PDF document. But \tipa{} fonts + don't look good (jaggy). What's wrong?}{Type1 fonts are not + embedded in your document and pk fonts are used instead. Install + Type1 font files and/or map file correctly.} + +\QandA {I have succeeded in creating a PDF document with Type1 fonts + embedded. But some symbols are missing. Why?}{In some versions of + \texttt{dvips}, the character shifting switch is turned on by + default. In order to prevent this, try to invoke \texttt{dvips} in + the following way.\par + \begin{quote}\texttt{dvips -Ppdf -G0} \textsl{filename}\end{quote}} + +\QandA {I find no description on hyphenation of phonetic texts in this + manual.}{I haven't seen any description on hyphenation in \Handbook\ + nor in \emph{Principles}. } + +\QandA {Why is italic font not included in \tipa? Slanted fonts can be + used as substitutes. But I want real italic fonts.}{It isn't + difficult to create italic shapes for a limited number of symbols + such as Schwa, Turned script A, and so on. However, creating a whole + set of IPA symbols in italic is quite a different story. It is + difficult to distinguish, for example, Lower-case A and Script A in + italic. In the IPA's \emph{Principles}, it is recommended + that the IPA symbols should be roman, excluding italic shapes in + some of the examples. Another point that should be made is that + there exist several systems of phonetic symbols in which all the + symbols appear in italic. These are the ones mainly used in + Scandinavian countries, and the problem is, there is no one-to-one + correspondences between such systems and the IPA. Aside from the + strictly phonetic use of symbols, however, there is a practical need + for italic versions of symbols such as italic Schwa. Therefore, it + may be helpful to create a new auxiliary font containing limited + number of italic symbols.} + +\QandA {Which is the first name of the author of \tipa? I'm confused.} + {Rei is his first name.} + +\QandA {I can't send e-mail to the author.} + {I recently changed my e-mail address. + + \begin{quote}\texttt{fkr@l.u-tokyo.ac.jp}\end{quote}} + + +\vspace{\stretch{2}} + +\betacomment +\thetacomment + +\endinput + +%%% Local Variables: +%%% mode: latex +%%% TeX-master: "tipaman" +%%% End: |