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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/kdgreek/usage.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/kdgreek/usage.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..493ddafda0e --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/kdgreek/usage.tex @@ -0,0 +1,590 @@ +% ===================================================================== +% == Greek Fonts & Format == +% == An example of the use of KD fonts & macros == +% == in composing papers containing greek text == +% == == +% == (C) Copyright 1991 K J Dryllerakis == +% == == +% == Last Revision : Sep 23, 1991 == +% ===================================================================== +% +\input greektex % This is superfluous if greek format is used +% ^ Use Version 3.0[b] or higher +% +% ===================================================================== +% == Font Declarations == +% ===================================================================== +% +\catcode`@=11 % Access Plain TeX and its Macros +% +% The following point-setting macros are based on D Knuth's TeXBook +% +% Load standard fonts and their specifications +% +\font\ninerm=cmr9 \font\eightrm=cmr8 \font\sixrm=cmr6 +\font\ninei=cmmi9 \font\eighti=cmmi8 \font\sixi=cmmi6 +\font\ninesy=cmsy9 \font\eightsy=cmsy8 \font\sixsy=cmsy6 +\font\ninebf=cmbx9 \font\eightbf=cmbx8 \font\sixbf=cmbx6 +\font\ninett=cmtt9 \font\eighttt=cmtt8 +\font\nineit=cmti9 \font\eightit=cmti8 +\font\ninesl=cmsl9 \font\eightsl=cmsl8 +\skewchar\ninei='177 \skewchar\eighti='177 \skewchar\sixi='177 +\skewchar\ninesy='60 \skewchar\eightsy='60 \skewchar\sixsy='60 +\hyphenchar\ninett=-1 \hyphenchar\eighttt=-1 \hyphenchar\tentt=-1 +\font\csc=cmcsc10 +\font\titlefont=cmbx10 scaled\magstep1 +% +% Define Font Point Families +% +\newskip\ttglue % for listings +\def\tenpoint{\def\rm{\fam0\tenrm}% + \gdef\t@size{\grtenpoint} % We want greek to follow our conventions + \textfont0=\tenrm \scriptfont0=\sevenrm \scriptscriptfont0=\fiverm + \textfont1=\teni \scriptfont1=\seveni \scriptscriptfont1=\fivei + \textfont2=\tensy \scriptfont2=\sevensy \scriptscriptfont2=\fivesy + \textfont3=\tenex \scriptfont3=\tenex \scriptscriptfont3=\tenex + \textfont\itfam=\tenit \def\it{\fam\itfam\tenit} + \textfont\slfam=\tensl \def\sl{\fam\slfam\tensl} + \textfont\ttfam=\tentt \def\tt{\fam\ttfam\tentt} + \textfont\bffam=\tenbf \def\bf{\fam\bffam\tenbf} + \scriptfont\bffam=\sevenbf \scriptscriptfont\bffam=\fivebf + \tt \ttglue=.5em plus .25em minus.15em + \normalbaselineskip=.6cm + \setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height8.5pt width0pt depth4.5pt}% + \let\sc=\eightrm \normalbaselines\rm} +% +\def\ninepoint{\def\rm{\fam0\ninerm}% + \gdef\t@size{\grninepoint} % We want greek to follow our conventions + \textfont0=\ninerm \scriptfont0=\sixrm \scriptscriptfont0=\fiverm + \textfont1=\ninei \scriptfont1=\sixi \scriptscriptfont1=\fivei + \textfont2=\ninesy \scriptfont2=\sixsy \scriptscriptfont2=\fivesy + \textfont3=\tenex \scriptfont3=\tenex \scriptscriptfont3=\tenex + \textfont\itfam=\nineit \def\it{\fam\itfam\nineit} + \textfont\slfam=\ninesl \def\sl{\fam\slfam\ninesl} + \textfont\ttfam=\ninett \def\tt{\fam\ttfam\ninett} + \textfont\bffam=\ninebf \def\bf{\fam\bffam\ninebf} + \scriptfont\bffam=\sixbf \scriptscriptfont\bffam=\fivebf + \tt \ttglue=.5em plus .25em minus.15em + \normalbaselineskip=.52cm + \setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height8pt width0pt depth3pt}% + \let\sc=\sevenrm \normalbaselines\rm} +% +\def\eightpoint{\def\rm{\fam0\eightrm}% + \gdef\t@size{\greightpoint} % We want greek to follow our conventions + \textfont0=\eightrm \scriptfont0=\sixrm \scriptscriptfont0=\fiverm + \textfont1=\eighti \scriptfont1=\sixi \scriptscriptfont1=\fivei + \textfont2=\eightsy \scriptfont2=\sixsy \scriptscriptfont2=\fivesy + \textfont3=\tenex \scriptfont3=\tenex \scriptscriptfont3=\tenex + \textfont\itfam=\eightit \def\it{\fam\itfam\eightit} + \textfont\slfam=\eightsl \def\sl{\fam\slfam\eightsl} + \textfont\ttfam=\eighttt \def\tt{\fam\ttfam\eighttt} + \textfont\bffam=\eightbf \def\bf{\fam\bffam\eightbf} + \scriptfont\bffam=\sixbf \scriptscriptfont\bffam=\fivebf + \tt \ttglue=.5em plus .25em minus.15em + \normalbaselineskip=.35cm + \setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height7pt width0pt depth2pt}% + \let\sc=\sixrm \normalbaselines\rm} +% +% ===================================================================== +% == Format (Page) Definitions == +% == New Output routine == +% ===================================================================== +\newdimen\pagewidth \newdimen\pageheight \newdimen\ruleht +\hsize=16.5truecm \vsize=23truecm \maxdepth=2.5pt +\parindent=10pt \parskip=0pt +\pagewidth=\hsize \pageheight=\vsize \ruleht=1pt +\abovedisplayskip=6pt plus 3pt minus 1pt +\belowdisplayskip=6pt plus 3pt minus 1pt +\abovedisplayshortskip=0pt plus 3pt +\belowdisplayshortskip=4pt plus 3pt +\hfuzz=1pt % Do not make fuss for over 1pt of overfull hbox! +\overfullrule=0pt % and certainly don't show these boxes to us! +% +% Define New Insert for Footnotes +% +% +\def\footnote#1{\edef\@sf{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}#1\@sf + \insert\footins\bgroup\eightpoint + \interlinepenalty100 \let\par=\endgraf + \leftskip=0pt \rightskip=0pt + \splittopskip=10pt plus 1pt minus 1pt \floatingpenalty=20000 + \smallskip\textindent{#1}\bgroup\strut\aftergroup\@foot\let\next} +\skip\footins=12pt plus 2pt minus 4pt % space added when footnote exists +\dimen\footins=30pc % maximum footnotes per page +\def\footnt{\advance\footno by1\footnote{$^{\number\footno}$}} +% +% +\newif\ifnopagenums\nopagenumsfalse % Shall we include pagenumbers +\def\nopagenumbers{\nopagenumstrue} +\def\pagenumbers{\global\nopagenumsfalse} +% +% Headlines +% +\def\rhead{} % Running Head +\def\leftheadline{\hbox to\pagewidth{% + \vbox to 10pt{}% Strut to position the baseline + \tenit\rhead\hfil% + \ifnopagenums\else\rlap{\kern0.1pc\tenbf\folio}\fi}}% Running Head left +\def\rightheadline{\hbox to\pagewidth{% + \vbox to 10pt{}% Strut to position the baseline + \tenit\rhead\hfil% + \ifnopagenums\else\rlap{\kern0.1pc\tenbf\folio}\fi}}%Running Head right +% +% Output routine +% +\def\onepageout#1{\shipout\vbox{ + \offinterlineskip + \vbox to 3pc{ + \ifnum\pageno>1 + \ifodd\pageno\rightheadline\else\leftheadline\fi + \fi + \vfill} + \vbox to \pageheight{ + #1 + \ifvoid\footins\else + \vskip\skip\footins \kern-3pt + \hrule height\ruleht width3cm \kern-\ruleht \kern3pt + \unvbox\footins + \fi + \boxmaxdepth=\maxdepth}} + \advancepageno} +\output{\onepageout{\unvbox255}} +\newcount\footno\footno=0 % Footnote Number +\def\section#1{% + \medbreak\bigskip + \centerline{{\bf #1}}\nobreak + \bigskip} +% +\def\titleline#1{\line{\hss\titlefont #1\hss}} +\def\beginFine{\par\bgroup\eightpoint} +\def\endFine{\egroup\par} +% +% Verbatim Listings +% +\def\uncatcodespecials{\def\do##1{\catcode`##1=12}\dospecials} +\def\ttverbatim{\begingroup +\uncatcodespecials\obeyspaces\obeylines\tt} +{\obeyspaces\gdef {\ }} +\outer\def\begintt{\let\par=\endgrapf \ttverbatim\parskip=0pt + \ttfinish} + +{\catcode`\|=0 |catcode`|\=12 +|obeylines +|gdef|ttfinish#1^^M#2\endtt{#1|vbox{#2}|endgroup}} +\catcode`\|=\active % When not in a greek group +{\obeylines\gdef|{\ttverbatim\spaceskip=\ttglue\let^^M=\ \let|=\endgroup}} +% ===================================================================== +% == Miscellaneous Definitions == +% ===================================================================== +\def\today{\ifcase\month\or +January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or July\or +August \or September\or October\or November\or December\fi +\space\number\day, \number\year} + +\def\boxit#1{\vbox{\hrule\hbox{\vrule\kern3pt\vbox{\kern3pt#1\kern3pt}% +\kern3pt\vrule}\hrule}} +\def\topboxit#1{\vtop{\hrule\hbox{\vrule\kern3pt\vbox{\kern3pt#1\kern3pt}% +\kern3pt\vrule}\hrule}} +\catcode`@=12 +% New defs +\def\LaTeX{{\rm L\kern-.36em\raise.3ex\hbox{\csc a}\kern-.15em + T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}} +\def\greektex{{\csc GreeK}\TeX}% +\chardef\|`\| +% +\newdimen\lefthsize +\newdimen\exdepth +\newcount\testcount +\newbox\exbox +% +% Macro For typesetting examples +% +\def\exparagraph{% +\hangindent\lefthsize\testcount=0% +\loop \advance\testcount by1\ifdim\exdepth>\testcount\baselineskip \repeat +\advance\testcount by-1 +\hangafter-\testcount +\rlap{\hbox to\hangindent{\hss\vbox to0pt{\box\exbox\vss}\hss}} +\ignorespaces} + +\def\contparagraph#1{% +\hangindent\lefthsize +\hangafter-#1\ignorespaces} +% +% ===================================================================== +% +\greekdelims{dollar} % keep bar for ttverbatim +\vskip2truecm +\titleline{Typesetting Greek Texts with \greektex} +\bigskip +\centerline{\csc K J Dryllerakis} +\bigskip +\centerline{Imperial College} +\centerline{Department of Computing} +\centerline{London} +\centerline{(|kd@doc.ic.ac.uk|)} +\vskip1truecm + + This document describes \greektex, yet another something-\TeX\ +application, a package for typesetting greek texts. The following +pages are intended to be a quick tutorial on the package and not a +detailed account of the package. It is assumed that the \greektex\ +package is already installed at you site and both the greek format +file (|greek.fmt|) and the alternative \greektex\ macros +(|greektex.tex|) are accesible to the user. We also assume that all +the recomended |kd| fonts exist in the font path. If this is not the +case please consult the installation procedure document which gives +all the information needed to install the package in your site. In +the discussion to follow, more \TeX nical material is presented in a +finer print. + +\section{The Greek Mode And Fonts} + + In order to typeset greek text, you have to advise \TeX\ to +enter a ``Greek Mode''\footnt{The idea of a ``greek environment'' was first +introduced by Sylvio Levi in his greek fonts; the top level macros of +our package are inherited from this first approach.}. Entering the +greek mode is achieved by typing |\begingreek| at the position were +we want the greek text to begin. The greek mode will be active until +an |\endgreek| is typed, when we return to the previous state. Inside +the greek mode, the latin characters typed correspond to the greek +alphabet and diacritic marcs. The family changing commands (|\sl|, +|\bf|, |\tt|, |\it|) are automatically switched to correspond to the +proper greek font families and the classical greek font corresponds +to the |\gr| or |\rg| command. Roman letters are still available +through the |\rm| and |\l|{\it oldsequence\/} commands (e.g. |\lsl|). +When we re-enter the greek mode, the font used last is remembered and +typesetting continues from the state we left of in the previous greek +mode. +\beginFine + \TeX nically, entering the greek mode means {\it i\/}. to redifine the +|\catcode| values for several characters (mostly accents and +breathing symbols), {\it ii\/}. to declare that we are currently +typesetting in greek and use the correct hyphenation tables, {\it +iii\/}. switch to the point size and font used last, and {\it iv\/}. +redifine the control sequences corresponding to font family switching +(e.g. |\sl| etc.). +\endFine +The font families that are currently avaible are all based on the +original designs by Sylvio Levi and Haralambous. The families (and +the corresponding font switching commands) are: classical greek +(|\gr| or |\rg|), slanted greek (|\sl|), greek italics (|\it|), +boldface greek (|\bf|) and typewriter greek (|\tt|). Remember that +these families are only available inside greek mode. +\beginFine + A set of point-setting commands are made available from the +greek format. Three sizes are prespesified for ten, nine, and eight +points respectevly. The corresponding commands are |\grtenpoint|, +|\grninepoint|, and |\greightpoint|. Since not all fonts exist in the +sizes need, scaled fonts are used instead. Remeber that re-entry in +the greek mode means picking up from exactly where we previously left +i.e. from the same point size. If point-size changes are to remain +local the user is encouraged to enclose them in groups. + + The real names for the control sequences switching to greek +font families are |\gr|, |\git|, |\gsl|, |\gbf|, |gtt|. These +commands can be used even outside greek mode to typeset greek short +texts but it is not recomended. Note that the \LaTeX\ version of +\greektex\ (the greek style file |greek.sty|) uses only these font +changing commands. +\endFine +Since the commands |\begingreek| and |\endgreek| can be quite tedious +to repeat, they can be both substituted either by the character |$| or +{\tt\|} if at the beginning of your file you specify +|\greekdelims{dollar}| or |\greekdelims{bar}| repsectively. In case +the |$| character is used, math mode is accessed by the control +sequence |\math|. + +\section{The Greek Alphabet} + + Since \TeX\ was designed to help portability of files, most +implemetations support only 128 character input (file transfer is +also based on the 128 ascii set). That means we have to use the Latin +alphanumeric characters to represent the greek ones. The following +scheme is used to represent greek characters inside the greek mode: +\math\math +\hbox{\valign{ + \hbox to 10pt{\hfil\strut$#$\hfil}&\hbox to 10pt{\hfil\strut\tt#\hfil}\cr + a&a\cr b&b\cr g&g\cr d&d\cr e&e\cr z&z\cr h&h\cr j&j\cr + i&i\cr k&k\cr l&l\cr m&m\cr n&n\cr x&x\cr o&o\cr p&p\cr + r&r\cr c&s\cr t&t\cr u&u\cr f&f\cr q&q\cr y&y\cr w&w\cr + c&c\cr}} +\math\math +\beginFine + It is a common practise in Greece to substitue the characters +corresponding to the higher +ascii codes by greek characters so that users are able to see the +greek characters directly on the screen. It is fairly easy to write a +program to transform any such ascii output to the corresponding +``latin'' representation of the greek characters and feed it directly +to \TeX 's mouth. For example such a translation program is supplied +with the current distribution of the em\TeX\ package for DOS based +machines. +\endFine + +\section{Accents, Breathing And Punctuation} + + Three different accents are encountered in greek texts. In +order to accent a vowel simply type |'|, |`|, or |~| to get an acute, +grave or circumflex accent repsectively. Breathing signs are achieved +in the same way by preceding the vowel (and any accent that it may +have) with |<| for rough and |>| for +smooth breathing. Breathings can also be used before a greek rho +($r$). Iota subscript is achieved by typing {\tt \|} {\it after\/} +vowel. The diairesis sign is achieved by presiding a (maybe accented) +vowel by |"|. Greek punctutation marcs are achieved according to the +following table: +\math\math +\hbox{\valign + {\hbox to 15pt{\hfil\strut$#$\hfil}&\hbox to 15pt{\hfil\strut\tt#\hfil}\cr + .&.\cr ,&,\cr ;&;\cr :&:\cr !&!\cr ?&?\cr ''&''\cr ((&((\cr ))&))\cr}} +\math\math +For example, concider the following quotation from Xenophon : +\bigskip +{\narrower\narrower\noindent$>En o>udem'ia g'ar p'olei t`o b`eltiston e>'unoun >est`i t~w| +d~hmw|, >all`a t`o k'akiston >en <ek'asth| >est`i p'olei e>'unoun +t~w| d~hmw|; o<i g'ar <'omoioi to~ic <omo'ioic e>'unoi e>isi.$\par} +\bigskip +\noindent was typeset by \par +\medskip +\math\math +\vbox{\advance\hsize by-40pt\parindent=0pt\noindent +\obeylines +|>En o>udem'ia g'ar p'olei t`o b`eltiston e>'unoun >est`i t~w|{\tt\|} +|d~hmw|{\tt\|}|, >all`a t`o k'akiston >en <ek'asth|{\tt\|}| >est`i| +|p'olei e>'unoun t~w|{\tt\|}| d~hmw|{\tt\|}|; o<i g'ar <'omoioi to~ic| +|<omo'ioic e>'unoi e>isi.| +} +\math\math +\noindent Note the use of punctuation and breathing marks before the +vowels. +\beginFine +All accents and breathings are recognised as normal letters insode +the greek mode. They will print for themselves when they stand alone +but form ligatures when preciding a vowel. The ligatures do all the +work for us; the kerning between accents or breathing and capital +vowels is also done through kerning. This simplifies the macros used +and the greek character set is usable with only a few |\catcode| +definitions. All the rest of the mechanisms supplied in the greek +format are only to facilitate the usage of the fonts in standard text +and macro creation. +\endFine + +\section{Hyphenation} + + If you are working with the greek format file, then correct +hyphenation is assured for greek text. The hyphenation patterns +supplied in the file are the ones compiled by Haralambous in France. +If you are working with the file |greektex.tex| then no hyphenation +patterns are loaded; this fact makes the macros of |greektex.tex| +suitable for only small greek texts. \greektex, takes full advantage +of the multilingual characteristics of \TeX\ version 3.0 or higher by +declaring a new language and identifying the correct patterns for this +new language. The result is correct hyphenation for texts containing +both greek and latin texts. +\beginFine +In case you want to use \greektex with another multilingual package, +it is important to find out the limitation of your \TeX version. It +is possible that the number of allowed hyphenation patterns exceeds +the number needed. Remember that plain \TeX\ uses 4447 patterns and +\greektex\ needs a futher 1170. + +It is possible to see the proposed hyphenation for a word using a +macro similar to |\showhyphens| (supplied with plain \TeX). The macro +|\showgreekhyphens| can be used succesfully only inside greek mode. +This is due to the fact that the argument for the macro has to be +scanned with the correct |\catcode| values active. +\endFine +\bigskip +% +%%%% TEST + +\section{Building Macros} + + Let us now turn to some examples that will demonstrate the +use of the \greektex\ macros within your own definitions. + +%% Define macros for the current section + +\def\verse#1#2{\line{#1\hfil#2}} + + +\setbox\exbox=\vtop{\hrule height0pt +\hrule\hbox{\vrule\kern6pt\vbox{\kern6pt% + \vbox{\hsize=7truecm + $\greightpoint + \centerline{\bf PALAIOJEN ELLHNIS} + \smallskip + \verse{Kauqi'etai <h >Anti'oqeia}{gi`a t`a lampr'a thc kt'iria,} + \verse{ka`i to'uc <wra'iouc thc dr'omouc;}{gi`a t`hn per`i a>ut'hn} + \verse{jaum'asian >exoq'hn,}{ka`i gi`a t`o m'ega pl~hjoc} + \verse{t~wn >en a>ut~h| kato'ikwn.}{Kauqi'etai po`u e>~in'' <h <'edra} + \verse{>end'oxwn basil'ewn;}{ka`i gi`a to`uc kallit'eqnac} + \verse{ka`i to`uc sofo'uc po`u >'eqei,}{ka`i gi`a to`uc bajuplo'utouc} + \verse{ka`i gnwstiko`uc >emp'orouc.}{M`a pi`o pol`u >asugkr'itwc} + \verse{>ap'' <'ola, <h >Anti'oqeia}{kauqi'etai po`u e>~inai p'olic} + \verse{palai'ojen <ellhn'ic;}{to~u >'Argouc suggen'hc:} + \verse{>ap'' t`hn >I'wnh po`u}{<idr'ujh <up`o >Arge'iwn} + \verse{>apo'ikwn pr`oc tim`hn}{t~hc k'orhc to~u >In'aqou.} + \bigskip + \leftline{K. Kab'afhc}$ + } + \kern6pt}\kern6pt\vrule}\hrule} +\lefthsize=\wd\exbox\advance\lefthsize by20pt% +\exdepth=\dp\exbox\advance\exdepth by\ht\exbox +%% End of example macros + +\exparagraph Let us try to typeset this poem written by a greek poet +of the 20th century. The peculiar format is the original one required +by the poet. It is immediatly apparent that a command taking two +arguments can be used to typeset each verse; the arguments will be +the left and right part of each verse. The only important problem +encountered is the following: when \TeX\ is reading the +arguments of a command, it immedietly assigns |\catcode| values to +the tokens read. So, if the correct |\catcode| values are not active +at the time the arguments are scanned, \TeX\ is much confused. +Consequently, macros that take as arguments greek text must be called +from within greek mode. Having that in mind we can define a macro +|\verse| that will correctly typeset one verse of the poem. The macro +is defined as follows: +\smallskip +\hbox to\hsize{\hss|\def\verse#1#2{\line{#1\hfill#2}}|\hss} +\smallskip +\noindent It is assumed of course that the |\hsize| required +for the document is already set. The rest is easy. +\math\math +\vbox{\narrower\narrower\parindent=0pt\obeylines + |$| + |\centerline{\bf PALAIOJEN ELLHNIS}| + |\smallskip| + |\verse{Kauqi'etai <h >Anti'oqeia}{gi`a t`a lampr'a thc kt'iria,}| + \centerline{\vdots} + |\verse{>apo'ikwn pr`oc tim`hn}{t~hc k'orhc to~u >In'aqou.}| + |\bigskip| + |\leftline{K. Kab'afhc}| + |$|} +\math\math + +%% Begin Example macros +{\setlatin % Switch to normal TeX Mode (Deactivate both | and $) +\greekdelims{bar} +\global\setbox\exbox=\vtop{\hrule height0pt +\hrule\hbox{\vrule\kern6pt\vbox{\kern6pt% + \vbox{\hsize=9.6truecm\eightpoint + |\greightpoint\gr + \hbox to\hsize{\hfil {\tengri 7.2 T'o s'usthma K'entrou % +M'azac 172}} + \bigskip + \noindent {\bf 7.2 To s'usthma k'entrou M'azac} + \medskip + E'inai suqn'a bolik'o na perigr'afetai h k'inhsh tou sust'hmatoc se + pla'isio anafor'ac sto opo'io to k'entro m'azac hreme'i sthn arq'h twn + ax'onwn. (Se barutik'o ped'io, to s'usthma aut'o e'inai epitagqun'omeno, mh + adraneiak'o, par'ola aut'a e'inai p'ali qr'hsimo.) Kale'itai to s'usthma + {\it k'entrou m'azac} (KM). Ja sumbol'izoume ta meg'ejh pou andaf'erontai + s''aut'o me 'enan aste\-r'i\-sko. + + H sqetik'h j'esh $r$ e'inai b'ebaia anex'arthth ap'o to p'wc + epil'egetai h arq'h, 'etsi 'wste j'etontac $R^*=0$ st'hn + (7.7) br'iskoume + $${\lbf r}^*_1={m_2\over M}{\lbf r},\qquad {\lbf r}^*_2=-{m_1\over + M}{\lbf r}\eqno(7.12)$$ + St'o s'usthma aut'o, oi orm'ec twn d'uo swmat'iwn e'inai + ('isec kai) ant'ijetec, + $$m_ir^*_i = -m_2r^*_2=\mu r = p^*\eqno(7.13)$$ + 'Opwc ja do'ume kajar'a arg'otera, e'inai suqn'a bolik'o + na epil'uoume ena pr'oblhma pr'wta sto s'usthma KM. %Gia na +% bro'ume thn l'ush se k'apoio 'allo +% s'usthma, qreiaz'omaste t'ote tic sq'eseic an'amesa +% stic orm'ec sta d'uo +% sust'hmata. Ac jewr'hsoume 'ena s'usthma sto opo'io to k'entro m'azac +% kine'itai me taq'uthta ${\lbf R}$. T'ote oi taq'uthtec twn d'uo +% swmatid'iwn e'inai: + | + \smallskip + \hbox to\hsize{\hss\vdots\hss} + } + \kern6pt}\kern6pt\vrule}\hrule} +} +\lefthsize=\wd\exbox\advance\lefthsize by20pt% +\exdepth=\dp\exbox\advance\exdepth by\ht\exbox +%% End of example macros +\exparagraph \tolerance=2000 Let us now turn to our second example which will demonstrate +scientific typesetting in greek. The example is taken from the book +{\it Classical Mechanics\/} by T.W.B. Kibble in its greek +translation. Let us suppose that we are trying to typeset this book; +how would we go about to build the macros needed? First of all we +will be using a lot of math formulae and therefore we are in +desperate need of the start and end math symbol. Since we are using +modern greek and no iota ligatures are needed, we can redifine the +bar {\tt\|} to stand for the begin and end greek by +|\greekdelims{bar}|. This might turn out to be convenient if we +want to include latin words in the text. Now for the macros. +Starting with the +headline appearing at the top of the page we need to define the +|\headline| macro. This must be done within greek mode to correctly +interprent the tokens scanned: +\math\math +\vbox{\parindent=0pt\obeylines +|\begingreek| +|\global\headline={\hfil {\git T'o s'usthma K'entrou M'azac}\ \folio}| +|\endgreek|} +\math\math +It might be wiser to change the |\git| command either to +|\grtenpoint\git| or |\tengri| to ensure that the correct font is +selected when the output routine is called. + +To typeset math formulae you only have to use the standard \TeX\ +rules. Even within greek mode entering the math mode has exactly the +same effect as from the plain \TeX\ mode. This is not entirely true +since the font changing sequences are redefined. If you want boldface +characters within the math mode you have to use the |\lbf| command +and the same for any other family. See how is it really is: +\math\math +\vbox{\eightpoint\parindent=0pt\obeylines + |\hsize=12truecm| + |\begingreek| + |\grtenpoint % Switch to ten point characters| + |\gr % Default font| + |\noindent {\bf 7.2 To s'usthma k'entrou M'azac}| + |\medskip| + |E'inai suqn'a bolik'o na perigr'afetai h k'inhsh tou sust'hmatoc se| + |pla'isio anafor'ac sto opo'io to k'entro m'azac hreme'i sthn arq'h twn| + |ax'onwn. (Se barutik'o ped'io, to s'usthma aut'o e'inai epitagqun'omeno, mh| + |adraneiak'o, par'ola aut'a e'inai p'ali qr'hsimo.) Kale'itai to s'usthma| + |{\it k'entrou m'azac} (KM). Ja sumbol'izoume ta meg'ejh pou andaf'erontai| + |s''aut'o me 'enan aster'isko.| + + |H sqetik'h j'esh $r$ e'inai b'ebaia anex'arthth ap'o to p'wc| + |epil'egetai h arq'h, 'etsi 'wste j'etontac $R^*=0$ st'hn| + |(7.7) br'iskoume| + |$${\lbf r}^*_1={m_2\over M}{\lbf r},| + | \qquad {\lbf r}^*_2=-{m_1\over M}{\lbf r}\eqno(7.12)$$| + |St'o s'usthma aut'o, oi orm'ec twn d'uo swmat'iwn e'inai | + |('isec kai) ant'ijetec,| + |$$m_ir^*_i = -m_2r^*_2=\mu r = p^*\eqno(7.13)$$| + |'Opwc ja do'ume kajar'a arg'otera, e'inai suqn'a bolik'o | + |na epil'uoume ena pr'oblhma pr'wta sto s'usthma KM.| + |\endgreek| +} +\math\math + +\section{Final Remarks} + + Except from the macros explained above, the greek format also +has a set ofgeneral use macros. It is possinble that in certain +cases, greek mode will be the dominant mode. To switch to a permenant +greek mode use the command |\setgreek|. If you want to restore the +original \TeX\ mode (including restoring any reassignents of |$| or +{\tt\|}) use the command |\setlatin|. +\beginFine + These commands are based on the internal commands +|\gr@@km@de| and |\l@tinmode|. Both define the |\catcode|s for the +mode. A macro-builder can use them to create different environments +e.g. a command to switch to english from a global greek mode. Just +remeber that you will be on your own so you will have to switch to +the enclish language manually by a command |\language0|. +\endFine + +\bye + |