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Diffstat (limited to 'Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr')
| -rwxr-xr-x | Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/README | 60 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/changes | 260 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/copying | 340 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/examples.dn | 159 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/examples.pdf | bin | 0 -> 39224 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/manual.pdf | bin | 0 -> 614802 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/manual.tex | 1593 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/misspaal.dn | 98 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/misspaal.pdf | bin | 0 -> 20777 bytes |
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/README b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/README new file mode 100755 index 00000000000..3274e8de04d --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/README @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +============================================================================= +Devanagari for TeX Installation Notes +Version 2.13 20 October 2005 +============================================================================= + +** Please note: Some characters in the dvng fonts have changed. Please + replace all existing dvng fonts with the newer versions. + + +1. To install the devnag package from th CVS source copy all files in the + distribution to the following locations in your local texmf tree. + + velthuis/doc/* -> local/doc/velthuis/ + velthuis/fonts/mf/* -> local/fonts/source/velthuis/ + velthuis/fonts/tfm/* -> local/fonts/tfm/velthuis/ + velthuis/fonts/type1/*.pfb -> local/fonts/type1/velthuis/ + velthuis/fonts/type1/*.afm -> local/fonts/afm/velthuis/ + velthuis/input/*.fd -> local/tex/latex/velthuis/ + velthuis/input/dev.sty -> local/tex/latex/velthuis/ + velthuis/input/dev209.sty -> local/tex/latex/velthuis/ + velthuis/input/dnmacs.tex -> local/tex/generic/velthuis/ + velthuis/input/dvng.map -> local/dvips/config/ + + If you have the package from CTAN, the files are already placed in + directories conforming to the TeX Directory Standard so that the package + can just be unpacked to your texmf-local tree. + + In any case, before you update the texmf database, you should delete the + previous version in order to prevent potential conflict. You can find the + directories by running the following commands: + + kpsewhich dvng10.tfm + kpsewhich dvng10.mf + kpsewhich dvng10.pfb + kpsewhich dnmacs.tex -progname=tex + kpsewhich devnag.sty -progname=latex + kpsewhich dvng.map -progname=updmap + + Remove the previous version from your disk. + +2. Refresh the texmf database! + +3. Generate a binary executable of the preprocessor. NOTE: If you're + if you're running a Windows system, the distribution includes a + DOS/Windows executable called devnag.exe in the bin/ directory. + The C source code is also in the same directory. + +4. In order to use the Postscript Type 1 dvng fonts with DVIPS and pdfTeX, it + is on most distributions sufficient to issue the command + + updmap --enable MixedMap dvng.map + + If your distribution lacks updmap, you must do it manually. Add "p + +dvng.map" to the DVIPS configuration file config.ps. Also, if you use + pdfTeX add "map +dvng.map" to pdftex.cfg. + +5. Run the devnag preprocessor on the sample files misspaal.dn and + examples.dn, and LaTeX on the misspaal.tex and examples.tex output + files to test the installation. + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/changes b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/changes new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b7d006b1565 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/changes @@ -0,0 +1,260 @@ +============================================================================= +Devanagari for TeX Release Notes +Version 2.13 20 October 2005 +============================================================================= + += 20 October 2005: version 2.13 + + - Preprocessor: ligature disabling character "+" implemented + + - Preprocessor: bug fix in handling <> characters + + - Preprocessor: ~m is now a synonym for /, i.e. candrabindu. Thus {\dn hU/} + and {\dn hU~m} is the same. + + - Localization captions (\chaptername, \tablename, \today) etc. for Hindi + and Modern Hindi were implemented. Sample file useful for customization + distributed in the input directory. + + - Type 1 fonts regenerated because the METAFONT sources have changed + slightly. + + - Type 1 version of the Pen Nepali fonts created. + + - File dvng.map is now created automatically during conversion to Type 1. + + - Modifications in the manual, compiled again with pdfTeX using the newly + created fonts + + - The releases for CTAN and TeX Live should conform to the TeX Directory + Standard. The README file was updated according to that. + + Note: The new Type 1 fonts have not been tested extensively. The previous + version is therefore temporarily available from + http://hroch486.icpf.cas.cz/velthuis/ and will be removed when we + know that the new version does not cause any problems. + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + += 26 March 2005: version 2.12 + + - Modifed avagraha to remove the gap in the top-line between characters. + + - Corrected test parameters for Nepali family in Nepali fonts. + + - Regenerated TFM files for Nepali fonts. + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + += 21 March 2005: version 2.12 + + - Revised alternate (Nepali) numeral 9. + + - Regenerated TFM files for Nepali fonts. + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + += 14 March 2005: version 2.12 + + - Created Nepali Pen family METAFONT files, metric files, and LaTeX font + description file. + + - Revised dev.sty to add new package options (bombay, calcutta, nepali, + pen, penbombay, pencalcutta, pennepali) for global selection of the font + family (it will work with automatically generated captions). If none are + used, \dnoriginal will be used by default. + + - Added new macro to dev.sty, \dnfamilydefault, which stores the default + family of DN fonts. Default depends on the above mentioned package + options. The user is allowed to redefine it by \renewcommand. + + - Added new \pen macro to dev.sty, which switches to the "pen" variant of + the current family. + + - Added Vedic intonation marks macros \dnveda and \dnsamaveda to dev.sty. + Implemented according to the code from dnmacs.tex. + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + += 28 February 2004: version 2.12 + + - Added Vedic intonation mark macros to dnmacs.tex. + + - Revised definitions for letter macros in dnmacs.tex. + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + += 2 December 2004: version 2.1 + + - Added correct values for \baselineskip for the defined font sizes in + dnmacs.tex. + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + += 1 December 2004: version 2.1 + + - Corrected erroneous output of ~a. + + - Removed redundant definitions of \qa and \qb from dnmacs.tex. + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + += 8 April 2004: version 2.1 + + - Created Nepali regional variants for numerals 1 and 9. + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + += 14 March 2004: version 2.1 + + - Created a font family for Nepali regional variants. Created new glyphs + for Nepali jha and half-jha. Created Calcutta regional variants for + .l and .L + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + += 5 March 2004: version 2.1 + + - Modified preprocessor to provide support for protected text. + Material within {\dn ... } (or $ ... $) may be enclosed within + angle brackets < ... >; it is then not processed, but is passed + through verbatim to the output file. + + - Modified the preprocessor to correct the output of the "half j~na" + glyph in @hindi and @modernhindi modes. + + - Modified the preprocessor to avoid using the control symbols \", \#, + \$, \%, \&, \'. + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + += 28 February 2004: version 2.1 + + - Created font families for Bombay and Calcutta regional variants. Removed + general alternate font family. + + - Removed "sba glyph and replaced it with an open-ya. This open-ya is + used to create better conjuncts with word-final ya. Created new .n.na + conjunct based on Calcutta regional form. + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + += 13 February 2004: version 2.1 + + - Created new alternate characters for 5 and 8. Modified the alternate + .na and half-.na characters + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + += 09 February 2004: version 2.1 + + - Created new alterate la, alternate "sa, alternate lla conjunct, and + alternate half-"sa characters. Modified the alternate front-a, initial + .r, initial .R, cha, jha, chya conjunct, and half-jha characters. + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + += 25 January 2004: version 2.1 + + - Minor modifications to the documentation. + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + += 01 July 2003: version 2.1 + + - Alternates for several characters have been developed and can be used in + separate alternate fonts along with standard fonts. The alternate + characters are: initial a, initial .r, .na, cha, jha, and their half + letters and ligatures; and the j~na and k.sa ligatures. + + - The source code for the fonts has been reorganized, making the + generation of custom fonts easier. The standard Metafont parameter mag + is now used to control the generation of fonts. All numeric parameters + that were in the control files have been moved to dndefs.mf, and only + mag is declared in the control files of the normal standard font. + Appropriate calculations and assignments are made in dndefs.dn. + Several optional variables have been added for use in base font files. + Boolean values optionally set in a control file determine whether to + select standard or alternate characters, and whether to select bold + and/or italic. The thick and thin paramters that were set directly in + some control files are now modified from a default value by multipliers + (thickmag, subthickmag, and thinmag). The advantage of this is that a + multiplier should remain constant, or nearly constant, for all point + sizes. This technique is used in the pen font control files. The bold + and italic boolean values set these multipliers transparently. defs.mf + has been renamed dndefs.mf. dnchars.mf contains both standard and + alternate characters. + + - The Plain TeX macros have been enhanced to make switching between + Devanagari fonts easier. Enhancements include support for all new + fonts, including pen, alternate, bold, and italic, at all the old + font sizes. + + - New font definition files have been added: udna.fd, upn.fd, upna.fd. + Also new Metafont control files dngen.mf, and dninit.mf. New macros + have been added to dev.sty to enable switching to the four new font + families. + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + += 09 June 2003: version 2.02a + + - Bold, italic, bold italic, and pen fonts have been added. + + - The preprocessor was changed. Please refer to the change log + in devnag.c for specific details. + + - udn.fd has been changed to incorporate new font shapes and variants. + + - dev.sty was changed. The macro definitions have been made more robust. + + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + += 09 April 2003: version 2.02 + + - Version 2.02 of the preprocessor has been released. The preprocessor was + modified to output all ^^* characters as \3XXw because it is more robust. + It also puts a definition of \DevnagVersion at the beginning of the + output file so that the new preprocessed files can be automatically + recognized. This version also defines a new preprodessor directive + @modernhindi, which functions in the same way as @hindi but uses far + fewer Sanskrit-style ligatures, preferring conjuncts built from + half-consonant forms wherever possible. The definition of @sanskrit has + been changed so that it now restores all the ligatures disabled by + @modernhindi, not just those disabled by @hindi. The sequences dmya and + hmya have been modified to produce d&mya, h&mya (rather than, as + previously, dm&ya, hm&ya). The special warning message prompted by the + long-defunct preprodessor directive @obeylines has been removed. + + - dev.sty was revised to make macros more robust. Several incompatibilities + with other packages have been remediated. Catcode problems may be + avoided by using the 'nocatcodes' option: \usepackage[nocatcodes]{dev} + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + += 21 March 2002: version 2.0a + + - Postscript Type 1 version of the dvng fonts have been created and + are now part of this package. Please refer to the readme file in the + misc/type1 directory for installation instructions. + + - Tom Ridgeway's dvpn fonts are now part of this distribution and + reside in the misc/dvpn directory. + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + += 23 January 2000: version 2.0 + + - devnag.c has been updated and greatly enhanced. If you have a previously + installed version of devnag, you must recompile the source. + A 32-bit DOS/Win95 executable (devnag.exe) has been provided. + + - dev.sty has been revised to fix certain \catcode problems. Several + new features have been implemented in the package. Refer to the manual + for descriptions. + + - The fonts have been revised. Certain characters have been modified. + The font metrics have not changed. + +============================================================================= diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/copying b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/copying new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..60549be514a --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/copying @@ -0,0 +1,340 @@ + GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE + Version 2, June 1991 + + Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA + Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies + of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. + + Preamble + + The licenses for most software are designed to take away your +freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public +License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free +software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. 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See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software + Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA + + +Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. + +If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this +when it starts in an interactive mode: + + Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author + Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. + This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it + under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. + +The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate +parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may +be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be +mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. + +You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your +school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if +necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: + + Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program + `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. + + <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989 + Ty Coon, President of Vice + +This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into +proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may +consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the +library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General +Public License instead of this License. diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/examples.dn b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/examples.dn new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..410c4b16b55 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/examples.dn @@ -0,0 +1,159 @@ +@hyphen +\documentclass[12pt]{article} +\usepackage{dev} +\parindent=0pt + +\begin{document} + +\section{Examples} + +{\dn +\begin{center} +\setlength{\fboxrule}{2pt} +\framebox[3.2cm][s]{.o ga.ne"saaya nama.h} +\end{center} +} + +\verb+{\+{\tt dn} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{center} +\setlength{\fboxrule}{2pt} +\framebox[4cm][s]{.o ga.ne"saaya nama.h} +\end{center} +} +\end{verbatim} + +\hrule +\medskip + +{\dn\dnnum +atha ga.nitapraarambhe.abhii.s.tadevataa.m namaskaroti| +\begin{itemize} +\setlength{\itemsep}{0mm} +\item nanu pratyadhyaayamabhii.s.tadevataapra.natipratij~nota +granthaarambhe k.rtanamaskaare.naabhii.s.tasiddhirbhavati| +punari.s.tadevataanamaskaare.na ki.m saadhya.m| +\item ucyate divya.m hyatiindriya.m j~naana.m ga.nita.m +munibhirmata.m para.m brahmeva durj~neya.m vidyaanaamuttama.m +tata.h| atho vidyottamatvaatpraarambhe.abhii.s.tadevataasmarana.m +tathaa caadau madhye tathaa caante granthe kaarye.svapi +sm.rta.m ma"ngalaacarana.m ce.s.tadevataapuujanaadi ca| +\end{itemize} +} + +\begin{verbatim} +\documentclass[12pt]{article} +\usepackage[hyphenate]{dev} +\end{verbatim} +%\vspace*{-.45cm} +%\vspace*{-.40cm} +%\begin{verbatim} +\verb+\+\verb+begin{document}+ \\ +%\end{verbatim} +%\vspace*{-.35cm} +\verb+{\+{\tt dn}\verb+\+{\tt dnnum} +\begin{verbatim} +atha ga.nitapraarambhe.abhii.s.tadevataa.m namaskaroti| +\begin{itemize} +\setlength{\itemsep}{0mm} +\item nanu pratyadhyaayamabhii.s.tadevataapra.natipratij~nota +granthaarambhe k.rtanamaskaare.naabhii.s.tasiddhirbhavati| +punari.s.tadevataanamaskaare.na ki.m saadhya.m| +\item ucyate divya.m hyatiindriya.m j~naana.m ga.nita.m +munibhirmata.m para.m brahmeva durj~neya.m vidyaanaamuttama.m +tata.h| +atho vidyottamatvaatpraarambhe.abhii.s.tadevataasmarana.m +tathaa caadau madhye tathaa caante granthe kaarye.svapi +sm.rta.m ma"ngalaacarana.m ce.s.tadevataapuujanaadi ca| +\end{itemize} +} +\end{verbatim} + +\hrule +\medskip + +{\dn \dnnum +ata ubhayathaa smara.na.m yuktatara.m| +\begin{verse} +liilaagalalulallolakaalavyaalavilaasine|\\ +\hspace*{10mm} ga.ne"saaya namo niilakamalaamalakaantaye|| 12|| +\end{verse} +} + +\verb+{\+{\tt dn}\verb+\+{\tt dnnum} +\begin{verbatim} +ata ubhayathaa smara.na.m yuktatara.m| +\begin{verse} +liilaagalalulallolakaalavyaalavilaasine|\\ +\hspace*{10mm} ga.ne"saaya namo niilakamalaamalakaantaye|| 12|| +\end{verse} +} +\end{verbatim} + +\hrule +\medskip + +{\dn \bfseries +ata ubhayathaa smara.na.m yuktatara.m| +} + +\verb+{\+{\tt dn} +\begin{verbatim} + \bfseries ata ubhayathaa smara.na.m yuktatara.m|} +\end{verbatim} + +\hrule +\medskip + +{\dn \Large ata ubhayathaa smara.na.m yuktatara.m|} + +\verb+{\+{\tt dn} +\begin{verbatim} + \Large ata ubhayathaa smara.na.m yuktatara.m|} +\end{verbatim} + +\hrule +\medskip + +{\dn \dncalcutta ata ubhayathaa smara.na.m yuktatara.m|} + +\verb+{\+{\tt dn} +\begin{verbatim} + \dncalcutta ata ubhayathaa smara.na.m yuktatara.m|} +\end{verbatim} + +\hrule +\medskip + +{\dn \dnpen ata ubhayathaa smara.na.m yuktatara.m|} + +\verb+{\+{\tt dn} +\begin{verbatim} + \dnpen ata ubhayathaa smara.na.m yuktatara.m|} +\end{verbatim} + +\newpage +\hrule +\medskip + +{\dn\dnnum +"sriibhaaskaraacaaryaga.nita"saastrebhya udaahara.naani +\begin{enumerate} +\item liilavaatii +\item biijaga.nita.m +\item grahaga.nita.m +\end{enumerate} +} + +\verb+{\+{\tt dn}\verb+\+{\tt dnnum} +\begin{verbatim} +"sriibhaaskaraacaaryaga.nita"saastrebhya udaahara.naani +\begin{enumerate} +\item liilavaatii +\item biijaga.nita.m +\item grahaga.nita.m +\end{enumerate} +} +\end{verbatim} + +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/examples.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/examples.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0e11334dc8d --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/examples.pdf diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/manual.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/manual.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4dad3598605 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/manual.pdf diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/manual.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/manual.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e1790023e04 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/manual.tex @@ -0,0 +1,1593 @@ +% +% manual.tex v2.13 +% +% LaTeX source file for the manual for the Devanagari for TeX" package. +% Copyright (C) 1991-2003 University of Groningen, The Netherlands +% +% Author : Anshuman Pandey <apandey@u.washington.edu> +% Revised : 6 April 2005 +% +% This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify +% it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +% the Free Software Foundation. +% +% This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +% but without any warranty; without even the implied warranty of +% merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. See the +% GNU General Public License for more details. +% + +\documentclass[10pt]{article} +\def\DevnagVersion{new} +\usepackage{geometry,fancyhdr,multicol,mflogo,textcomp,parskip,array} +\usepackage{dev} +\renewcommand{\rmdefault}{ptm} + +\geometry{paperwidth=8.5in, + paperheight=11in, + top=.875in, + bottom=1in, + left=1.25in, + right=1.25in, + headheight=0pt, + headsep=0pt, + } + +% High resolution pk fonts for pdfTeX +\ifx\pdfpkresolution\undefined \else + \pdfpkresolution 600 +\fi + +\newcommand{\moddate}{23 September 2005} +\newcommand{\version}{2.13} +\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} +\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3} +\setcounter{tocdepth}{3} +\setlength{\columnseprule}{0pt} + +\newcommand{\devnag}{Devan\=agar{\=\i}} + +\def\diatop[#1|#2]{{\leavevmode\setbox1=\hbox{{#1{}}}\setbox2=\hbox{{#2{}}}% + \dimen0=\ifdim\wd1>\wd2\wd1\else\wd2\fi% + \dimen1=\ht2\advance\dimen1by-1ex% + \setbox1=\hbox to1\dimen0{\hss#1\hss}% + \rlap{\raise1\dimen1\box1}% + \hbox to1\dimen0{\hss#2\hss}}}% + +\def\underrng #1{\oalign{#1\crcr\hidewidth + \vbox to.2ex{\hbox{\char"17}\vss}\hidewidth}} + +\begin{document} +\pagestyle{fancy} +\fancyhf{} +\fancyfoot[C]{\thepage} + +\fontsize{10}{13}\selectfont + +\title{{\LARGE \bfseries \devnag{} for \TeX{}} \\ Version \version{}} +\author{Anshuman Pandey} +\date{\large \moddate{}} +\maketitle + +\tableofcontents +%\newpage + +\listoftables + +\section{Introduction} + +The \textit{\devnag{} for \TeX{}} (\textsf{devnag}) package provides a +way to typeset high-quality \devnag{} text with \TeX{}. +\devnag{} is a script used for writing and printing Sanskrit and +a number of languages in Northern and Central India such as Hindi and +Marathi, as well as Nepali. The \textsf{devnag} package was originally +developed in May 1991 by Frans Velthuis for the University of Groningen, +The Netherlands, and it was the first system to provide support for +the \devnag{} script for \TeX{}. + +Several individuals have contributed to the \textsf{devnag} package +over the years. Kevin Carmody proposed a method for managing variant +glyphs. Marc Csernel revised the preprocessor to handle standard +\LaTeX{} commands. Richard Mahoney generated Postscript Type 1 +versions of the \devnag{} fonts. Fran\c{c}ois Patte enhanced the +\LaTeX{} package by introducing a feature to produce citations +in \devnag{}. Zden\v{e}k Wagner greatly improved the \LaTeX{} +package by revising macro definitions and catcodes, eliminating +conflicts with other packages, and by introducing support for +section headings and captions in \devnag{}. Rob Adriaanse, Hans Bakker, +Roelf Barkhuis, and Henk van Linde provided advice and support +to Frans Velthuis when this package was being developed. + +The \textsf{devnag} package is presently maintained by the following +individuals: + +\begin{quote} +\begin{tabular}{ll} +% Frans Velthuis & \verb+velthuis@rc.rug.nl+ \\ +John Smith & \verb+jds10@cam.ac.uk+ \\ +Anshuman Pandey & \verb+apandey@u.washington.edu+ \\ +Dominik Wujastyk & \verb+d.wujastyk@ucl.ac.uk+ \\ +%Fran\c{c}ois Patte & \verb+patte@math-info.univ-paris5.fr+ \\ +Zden\v{e}k Wagner & \verb+wagner@cesnet.cz+ \\ +Kevin Carmody & \verb+i@kevincarmody.org+ +\end{tabular} +\end{quote} + + +\section{Project Information} + +The \textit{\devnag{} for \TeX{}} package is now a project +officially housed at Sarovar. The homepage is + +\begin{quote} +\texttt{http://devnag.sarovar.org/} +\end{quote} + +This package is available from the project homepage at Sarovar and +from the Comprehensive \TeX{} Archive Network (CTAN). The CTAN path +for the package at the primary UK TUG site is + +\begin{quote} +\texttt{ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/language/devanagari/velthuis/} +\end{quote} + +Please use the tracking system at the project homepage at Sarovar to +submit feature requests, bugs, comments, and questions to the development +team. + + +\section{Producing \devnag{} Text with \TeX{}} + +\devnag{} text may be included in any \TeX{} document. There are three steps +to producing \devnag{} text with \TeX{}. First, since \TeX{} does +not support \devnag{} natively, it is necessary to type \devnag{} using +\hbox{7-bit} (ASCII) roman characters that represent \devnag{} characters. +Secondly, transliterated \devnag{} text must be entered within +\textsf{devnag}-specific delimiters. These delimiters allow the preprocessor +to recognize the \devnag{} sections of the \TeX{} document. Third, the +transliterated input must be converted by the preprocessor into a format +that \TeX{} understands. The preprocessor scans the document for +\textsf{devnag} delimiters. Once it finds a delimiter, the program operates +on the text only within the scope of the delimiter. All other document text, +with the exception of \TeX{} macros and \textsf{devnag}-specific preprocessor +directives, is ignored. + +Shown below is a \devnag{} passage followed by the 7-bit transliterated +input that produced it. + +\begin{quote} +{\dn Dm\0\322w\?/\? \7{k}z\322w\?/\? smv\?tA \7{y}\7{y}(sv,.\\ +mAmkA, pA\317wXvA\396w\4v Ekm\7{k}v\0t s\2jy..\par} +\end{quote} + +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +{\dn dharmak.setre kuruk.setre samavetaa yuyutsava.h | \\ +maamakaa.h paa.n.davaa"scaiva kimakurvata sa.mjaya ||} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + +\subsection{Macros and Font Definition Files} + +\begin{description} +\item[\texttt{dnmacs.tex}] This file contains Plain \TeX{} macros for +\textsf{devnag} and various font-sizing commands. It must be loaded at +the beginning of the document with the command \verb+\input dnmacs+. + +\item[\texttt{dev.sty}] This file provides \LaTeX{} support for +\textsf{devnag}. It must must be loaded in the preamble of the document +with the command \verb+\usepackage{dev}+. Section \ref{catcodes} +discusses advanced package options that may be declared with +\texttt{dev.sty}. The associated font definition file \texttt{Udn.fd} +provide NFSS support for \LaTeX{} for the \textsf{dvng} fonts. + +\item[\texttt{dev209.sty}] This file provides legacy support for the +obsolete \LaTeX{} 2.09. It should not be used. \end{description} + +\subsection{Text Delimiters} + +The preprocessor recognizes the text it is to act upon by use of +delimiters, of which there are two types. The basic delimiter is the +\verb+\dn+ macro. This delimiter is used by enclosing \devnag{} text +between \verb+{\dn ... }+, eg. \verb+{\dn acchaa}+. + +The second delimiter is the \verb+$+ character. \devnag{} text +is enclosed between \verb+$ ... $+, eg. \verb+$acchaa$+. The +\verb+@dollars+ preprocessor directive must be specified to activate +this delimiter (section \ref{dol}). + +The first delimiter is recommended especially for large blocks of +\devnag{} text. The second delimiter is useful when there is a need +to switch often between \devnag{} and roman text. Any text outside +of delimiters is not parsed by the preprocessor. + +There are very few restrictions on what may be placed between the +delimiters. The 7-bit Velthuis encoding shown in Table \ref{chars}, all +punctuation marks, and all \TeX{} macro commands are acceptable input. +The preprocessor will produce a warning for unrecognized input +characters and commands. + +\subsection{Example Input Files} + +Two sample \devnag{} documents are bundled with this distribution. +Please refer to the contents of these files for examples of producing a +\devnag{} document. The file \texttt{misspaal.dn} contains an excerpt +from the Hindi short story \textit{Miss Pal} by Mohan Rakesh. The file +\texttt{examples.dn} contains some advanced examples of \devnag{} +typesetting. Shown below are two small examples of Plain \TeX{} and +\LaTeX{} documents with \devnag{} text. + +\begin{multicols}{2} + +\begin{verbatim} + % Sample TeX input file + \input dnmacs + {\dn devaanaa.m priya.h} + \bye +\end{verbatim} + +\columnbreak + +\begin{verbatim} + % Sample LaTeX input file + \documentclass{article} + \usepackage{dev} + \begin{document} + {\dn devaanaa.m priya.h} + \end{document} +\end{verbatim} + +\end{multicols} + +The filename of the \TeX{} document that contains \devnag{} should +be given a \texttt{.dn} extension. The preprocessor will produce +a filename with a \texttt{.tex} extension after processing the +input file. + +\section{Input Encoding} +\label{trans} + +\devnag{} text is prepared using a 7-bit (ASCII-based) transliterated +input encoding in which \devnag{} characters are represented by Roman +characters. The input encoding for \textsf{devnag} was developed by +Frans Velthuis with the objective to keep the format of the input source +text as close as possible to the accepted scholarly practices for +transliteration of \devnag{}. The Velthuis encoding is widely used and +has been adapted by other Indic language \TeX{} packages, and also +serves as the basis of other Indic transliteration schemes. + +\subsection{Supplemental Notes} +Attention should be paid to the following points: +\begin{enumerate} +\item There are different ways to produce consonant conjuncts. For +example, the sequence \texttt{ktrya} can be represented as {\dn \3FCw} +and as {\dn ?\3ECwy}. The creation of conjuncts may be controlled +through the use of the preprocessor directives \verb+@sanskrit+, +\verb+@hindi+, and \verb+@modernhindi+, and more strictly through the +\verb+@lig+ directive. Please refer to Table \ref{ligs} for a list of +supported conjuncts. + +\item There are two different ways to produce long vowels: +typing the short vowel twice or by capitalizing the short vowel, eg. +\texttt{aa} or \texttt{A} for {\dn aA}. + +\item Aspirated consonants may be produced alternately by capitalizing +the voiceless counterpart. For example, the standard encoding for +{\dn B} is \texttt{bha}, but it may also be produced by \texttt{Ba}; +{\dn G} is \texttt{gha} or \texttt{Ga}; etc. + +\item For words which have two successive short vowels, a sequence of +brackets \verb+{}+ may be used to separate the vowels, eg. {\dn +\3FEw{}ug} \verb+pra{}uga+, as opposed to {\dn \3FEwOg} \verb+prauga+ . +This is required because the combinations \verb+ai+ and \verb+au+ +represent the dipthongs {\dn e\?} and {\dn aO}. + +\item The use of uppercase letters to indicate long vowels may be +preferred in cases where ambiguity might arise. When encoding a word +like {\dn kI}, the sequence \verb+kaii+ will produce the incorrect form +{\dn k\4i}, while \verb+kaI+ will yield the correct form {\dn kI}. A +sequence of brackets, as in the previous note, will also produce the +correct form, eg. \verb+ka{}ii+. + +\item The standard ligatures {\dn\symbol{34}}, {\dn \3E2w}, and {\dn /} +are produced by \verb+k.sa+, \verb+j~na+, and \verb+tra+. + +\item Candrabindu may be encoded either as a slash, as given in +Table~\ref{chars}, or by \verb+~m+. + +% \item \verb+~a+ produces an `English a' Marathi style. For example, +% Hindi {\dn V\4?sF} and Marathi {\dn V\<?sF}. + +\item Numerals are printed as Arabic numerals by default. The command +\verb+\dnnum+ switches to \devnag{} numerals. Every numeral after this +command is printed as a \devnag{} numeral. The command \verb+\cmnum+ +switches back to Arabic numerals. + +\item In Hindi mode the character \verb+&+ can be put at the end of a +word to produce a \textit{vir\={a}ma} sign under the final consonant. +For example, \verb+pari.sad&+ produces {\dn pErq\qq{d}} . The underscore +character \verb+_+ also produces a \textit{vir\=ama}. + +\item In many Hindi words an \verb+a+ needs to be written between +consonants to produce the correct spelling, otherwise a conjunct +consonant will be produced. The correct form of Hindi {\dn krnA} is +\verb+karanaa+, not \verb+karnaa+, which produces {\dn knA\0}. + +\item Tab characters in the input file, which previously were treated as +fatal errors, are now silently converted to spaces. +\end{enumerate} + +%%% Velthuis Encoding Scheme %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\begin{table}[p] +\begin{center} +\renewcommand{\doublerulesep}{.5cm} +\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.40} + +\raggedcolumns +\begin{multicols}{3} + +{\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.40} +\begin{tabular}{|llll|} +\hline +\multicolumn{4}{|c|}{\textsc{vowels}} \\ +\hline +\textit{a} & \texttt{a} & {\dn a} & \\ +\textit{\=a} & \texttt{aa} & {\dn a\symbol{'101}} & {\dn\symbol{'101}} \\ +\textit{i} & \texttt{i} & {\dn i} & {\dn\symbol{'105}} \\ +\textit{\={\i}} & \texttt{ii} & {\dn I} & {\dn\symbol{'106}} \\ +\textit{u} & \texttt{u} & {\dn u} & {\dn\symbol{0}} \\ +\textit{\=u} & \texttt{uu} & {\dn U} & {\dn\symbol{'1}} \\ +\textit{\underrng{r}} & \texttt{.r} & {\dn\symbol{'33}} & {\dn\symbol{2}} \\ +\textit{\diatop[\=|\underrng{r}]} & \texttt{.R} & {\dn\symbol{'21}} & {\dn\symbol{'16}} \\ +\textit{\underrng{l}} & \texttt{.l} & {\dn\symbol{'30}} & {\dn\symbol{'37}} \\ +\textit{\diatop[\=|\underrng{l}]} & \texttt{.L} & {\dn\symbol{'31}} & {\dn\symbol{'174}} \\ +\textit{e} & \texttt{e} & {\dn e} & {\dn\symbol{3}} \\ +\textit{ai} & \texttt{ai} & {\dn e\?} & {\dn\symbol{'173}} \\ +\textit{o} & \texttt{o} & {\dn ao} & {\dn o} \\ +\textit{au} & \texttt{au} & {\dn aO} & {\dn O} \\ +\hline +\end{tabular}} +\vspace{.325in} + +{\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.40} +\begin{tabular}{|lll|} +\hline +\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{\textsc{signs}} \\ +\hline +\textit{anusv\=ara} & \texttt{.m} & {\dn\symbol{'25}} \\ +\textit{candrabindu} & \texttt{/} & {\dn\symbol{'40}} \\ +\textit{visarga} & \texttt{.h} & {\dn\symbol{'54}} \\ +\textit{avagraha} & \texttt{.a} & {\dn\symbol{'137}} \\ +\textit{vir\=ama} & \texttt{\&} & {\dn\symbol{'136}} \\ +\textit{candra a} & \texttt{\char`~a} & {\dn\symbol{'4}} \\ +\textit{candra o} & \texttt{\char`~o} & {\dn A\<} \\ +\textit{AUM} & \texttt{.o} & {\dn\symbol{'72}} \\ +\textit{da\d{n}\d{d}\=a} & \texttt{\symbol{'174}} & {\dn\symbol{'56}} \\ +double \textit{da\d{n}\d{d}\=a} & \texttt{\symbol{'174}\symbol{'174}} & {\dn\symbol{'73}} \\ +`eyelash' \textit{repha} & \texttt{\char`~r} & {\dn\symbol{'35}} \\ +abbreviation & \texttt{@} & {\dn\symbol{'177}} \\ +ellipsis & \texttt{\symbol{'43}} & {\dn\symbol{'25}} \\ +period & \texttt{..} & {\dn\symbol{'24}} \\ +\hline +\end{tabular}} + +\columnbreak + +{\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.40} +\begin{tabular}{|lll|} +\hline +\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{\textsc{consonants}} \\ +\hline +\textit{ka} & \texttt{ka} & {\dn k} \\ +\textit{kha} & \texttt{kha} & {\dn K} \\ +\textit{ga} & \texttt{ga} & {\dn g} \\ +\textit{gha} & \texttt{gha} & {\dn G} \\ +\textit{\.na} & \texttt{"na} & {\dn R} \\ +\textit{ca} & \texttt{ca} & {\dn c} \\ +\textit{cha} & \texttt{cha} & {\dn C} \\ +\textit{ja} & \texttt{ja} & {\dn j} \\ +\textit{jha} & \texttt{jha} & {\dn J} \\ +\textit{\~na} & \texttt{\char`~na} & {\dn\symbol{'32}} \\ +\textit{\d{t}a} & \texttt{.ta} & {\dn V} \\ +\textit{\d{t}ha} & \texttt{.tha} & {\dn W} \\ +\textit{\d{d}a} & \texttt{.da} & {\dn X} \\ +\textit{\d{d}ha} & \texttt{.dha} & {\dn Y} \\ +\textit{\d{n}a} & \texttt{.na} & {\dn Z} \\ +\textit{ta} & \texttt{ta} & {\dn t} \\ +\textit{tha} & \texttt{tha} & {\dn T} \\ +\textit{da} & \texttt{da} & {\dn d} \\ +\textit{dha} & \texttt{tha} & {\dn D} \\ +\textit{na} & \texttt{na} & {\dn n} \\ +\textit{pa} & \texttt{pa} & {\dn p} \\ +\textit{pha} & \texttt{pha} & {\dn P} \\ +\textit{ba} & \texttt{ba} & {\dn b} \\ +\textit{bha} & \texttt{bha} & {\dn B} \\ +\textit{ma} & \texttt{ma} & {\dn m} \\ +\textit{ya} & \texttt{ya} & {\dn y} \\ +\textit{ra} & \texttt{ra} & {\dn r} \\ +\textit{la} & \texttt{la} & {\dn l} \\ +\textit{va} & \texttt{va} & {\dn v} \\ +\textit{\'sa} & \texttt{"sa} & {\dn f} \\ +\textit{\d{s}a} & \texttt{.sa} & {\dn q} \\ +\textit{sa} & \texttt{sa} & {\dn s} \\ +\textit{ha} & \texttt{ha} & {\dn h} \\ +\hline +\end{tabular}} + +\columnbreak + +{\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.40} +\begin{tabular}{|lll|} +\hline +\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{\textsc{consonants}} \\ +\hline +\textit{qa} & \texttt{qa} & {\dn\symbol{'52}} \\ +\textit{\underbar{kh}a} & \texttt{.kha} & {\dn\symbol{'14}} \\ +\textit{\.ga} & \texttt{.ga} & {\dn\symbol{'13}} \\ +\textit{za} & \texttt{za} & {\dn\symbol{'51}} \\ +\textit{\d{r}a} & \texttt{Ra} & {\dn w} \\ +\textit{\d{r}ha} & \texttt{Rha} & {\dn x} \\ +\textit{fa} & \texttt{fa} & {\dn\symbol{'47}} \\ +\textit{\d{l}a} & \texttt{La} & {\dn\symbol{'17}} \\ +\hline +\end{tabular}} +\vspace{.325in} + +{\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.20} +\begin{tabular}{|lll|} +\hline +\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{\textsc{digits}} \\ +\hline +\textit{0} & \texttt{0} & {\dn\dnnum \rn{0}} \\ +\textit{1} & \texttt{1} & {\dn\dnnum \rn{1}} \\ +\textit{2} & \texttt{2} & {\dn\dnnum \rn{2}} \\ +\textit{3} & \texttt{3} & {\dn\dnnum \rn{3}} \\ +\textit{4} & \texttt{4} & {\dn\dnnum \rn{4}} \\ +\textit{5} & \texttt{5} & {\dn\dnnum \rn{5}} \\ +\textit{6} & \texttt{6} & {\dn\dnnum \rn{6}} \\ +\textit{7} & \texttt{7} & {\dn\dnnum \rn{7}} \\ +\textit{8} & \texttt{8} & {\dn\dnnum \rn{8}} \\ +\textit{9} & \texttt{9} & {\dn\dnnum \rn{9}} \\ +\hline +\end{tabular}} + +\end{multicols} + +\caption{The Velthuis Encoding Scheme} +\label{chars} +\end{center} +\end{table} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\section{The Preprocessor} +The ANSI C program \texttt{devnag.c} is a preprocessor that +reads transliterated \devnag{} input delimited by \verb+\dn+ and +converts it into a form with which \TeX{} is familiar. +To use the preprocessor, \texttt{devnag.c} must be compiled into +an executable. + +The preprocessor +handles the details of character placement such as the alignment of +vowel diacritics and consonant ligatures. The rest of the layout, +however, must be managed by the user. The preprocessor is invoked +as + +\begin{center} +\texttt{devnag} \textit{in}[\texttt{.dn}] (\textit{out}[\texttt{.tex}]) +\end{center} + +The default file extension for an input file is \verb+.dn+ and for an output +file \verb+.tex+. The output filename is optional. If an output filename is +not specified, the preprocessor will name it after the input file. + +For example, typing \texttt{devnag hindi} will instruct the preprocessor +to read from the file \texttt{hindi.dn} and write to the file +\texttt{hindi.tex}. The program will prompt for the names of the +input and output files if they are not given in the command-line. + +If the input file has a name such as \texttt{x.y.dn}, the +output file name will be \texttt{x.y.tex}. Addition, files must have +the suffixes \texttt{.dn} and \texttt{.tex}, though as before these are +supplied by the program if omitted by the user. This change has been +made for safety reasons: formerly, typing \texttt{devnag myfile.tex} +would delete the contents of \texttt{myfile.tex}. + +If \texttt{devnag} is invoked with the \texttt{-v} option, it will +display the version number and then exit. + +\subsection{Preprocessor Directives} +\label{directives} +The preprocessor creates a \TeX{} file from the input file by acting on +two different parts of the input: directives and transliterated input. +As it creates a \TeX{} file from the input file, the preprocessor can be +told to modify the way in which it operates by means of special commands +called directives. Directives are optional commands to the preprocessor +that instruct it to process the input text in a given manner, such as +permitting hyphenation, suppressing the use of certain ligatures, etc. +Directives do not affect typesetting or layout. + +Directives must occupy a line by themselves and always begin with the +character \verb+@+. Directives may occur anywhere in the document, +but not within \devnag{} delimiters (where \verb+@+ is the +continuation symbol {\dn \char`\^^?}). Directives specific to a +particular passage of text should appear immediately before that passage; +directives applying to the entire file should appear just before the first +line of actual text to be typeset. + +Since \verb+@+ is a perfectly legal character in \TeX{}, lines beginning +with \verb+@+ that do not match any valid \verb+@+ command are flagged +with a warning, but processing of the file continues. (In the somewhat +unlikely event that there is actually a need to have a line of \TeX{} text +consisting exactly of, for example, \verb+@hindi+, the preprocessor may +be fooled by typing \verb+{}@hindi+ or \verb+{@hindi}+. + +New ``negative'' commands have +been added to reverse the effect of most existing commands: thus it is +now possible to enable or disable specific features for specific +passages of text, eg. \verb+@hindi+ may be disabled with +\verb+@sanskrit+. + +In previous releases of \textsf{devnag}, the preprocessor would split +long lines in its output. The \verb+@obeylines+ command was provided +to disable this feature. The line-splitting feature has been disabled, +so that the preprocessor now outputs lines as they appear in the input +file. The \verb+@obeylines+ directive is no longer recognized by the +preprocessor as a valid directive and will be ignored; it will therefore +be typeset as a part of the text of the document. + +\begin{description} +\item[\texttt{@sanskrit}] +The \verb+@sanskrit+ directive is the default mode for the preprocessor. +This command may also be used to reinstate the default behavior of the +preprocessor after the use of \verb+@hindi+ and \verb+@modernhindi+. +See Table \ref{ligs} for a list of conjuncts and the forms produced in +\texttt{@sanskrit} mode. + +\item[\texttt{@hindi}] +The \verb+@hindi+ directive switches the preprocessor to Hindi mode. The +difference between the Sanskrit and Hindi modes is that in Sanskrit mode +the full forms of conjuncts are used, whereas in Hindi mode certain +simplified forms are used instead, eg. {\dn Qc} in place of {\dn \3CEw}. +See Table \ref{ligs} for a list of conjuncts and the forms produced by +\texttt{@hindi}. Additionally, in Sanskrit mode a \textit{vir\=ama} is +automatically added at the end of a word if it ends in a consonant, +while in Hindi mode the preprocessor assumes the presence of the +inherent vowel \textit{a}. The directive \verb+@hindi+, if used, must +precede the \verb+@lig+ and \verb+@nolig+ commands. See Table \ref{ligs} +for a list of conjuncts and the forms produced in \texttt{@hindi} mode. + +\item[\texttt{@modernhindi}] +This directive switches the preprocessor to Hindi mode, similar to +\verb+@hindi+, but uses far fewer Sanskrit-style ligatures. Conjuncts are +created from half-consonant forms wherever possible. See Table \ref{ligs} +for a list of conjuncts and the forms produced in \texttt{@modernhindi} +mode. + +\item[\texttt{@dollars} / \texttt{@nodollars}] +\label{dol} +In addition to the \verb+{\dn+ ... \verb+}+ delimiters, \devnag{} text +can also be delimited by dollar signs, eg. \verb+$acchaa$+. The directive +\verb+@dollars+ instructs the preprocessor to switch to dollar mode and to +recognize \verb+$+ as a delimiter. In dollar mode, the dollar sign cannot +be used for other purposes, such as printing a dollar sign or switching to +math mode. Dollar signs may be printed by through low-level font commands, +eg. \verb+\char36+ in Plain \TeX{} or \verb+\symbol{36}+ in \LaTeX{}. +Switching to math mode when \texttt{@dollars} is active is accomplished +by using \verb+\(+ and \verb+\)+ as math delimiters. + +\item[\texttt{@dolmode0} / \texttt{@dolmode1} / \texttt{@dolmode2} / \texttt{dolmode3}] +\label{advtop} + +When \texttt{@dollars} is active, the behavior of the preprocessor +can be modified further through the \verb+@dolmode0+, \verb+@dolmode1+, +\verb+@dolmode2+, and \verb+@dolmode3+ directives. + +\begin{quote} +\begin{tabular}{llll} +\verb+@dolmode0+ & \verb+$acchaa$+ & $\rightarrow$ & \verb+$acchaa$+ \\ +\verb+@dolmode1+ & \verb+$acchaa$+ & $\rightarrow$ & \verb+\dn aQCA+ \\ +\verb+@dolmode2+ & \verb+$acchaa$+ & $\rightarrow$ & \verb+\pdn aQCA+ \\ +\verb+@dolmode3+ & \verb+$acchaa$+ & $\rightarrow$ & \verb+aQCA+ +\end{tabular} +\end{quote} + +Alternately, \verb+@dolmode3+ can be mimicked using the macro +\verb+\dn#+, \verb+{\dn# acchaa}+ $\rightarrow$ \texttt{aQCA}. Also, the +Plain \TeX{} macro \verb+\pdn+ changes the current font into \devnag{} +in the current size. \LaTeX{} automatically adjusts the font sizing for +\devnag{} to the document font size. + +\item[\texttt{@lig} / \texttt{@nolig}] +\label{ligcom} +Certain conjuncts may be enabled or disabled by using the directives +\verb+@lig+ and \verb+@nolig+. The former enables conjuncts while +the latter disables them. Supported conjuncts are assigned codes +and are showned in Table \ref{ligs}. For example, the command +\verb+@nolig 2+ produces {\dn ?t} instead of {\dn \3C4w} from +the input \verb+kta+. + +More than one conjunct may be specified with a \verb+@lig+ or +\verb+@nolig+ command, eg. \verb+@lig 20 43 90+. There is no limit to +the number of \verb+@lig+ or \verb+@nolig+ directives issued within a +document. However, when a certain conjunct is disabled, all other +conjunct combinations involving the disabled conjunct are also disabled. +For example, if conjunct 3 {\dn\symbol{'307}} (\verb+kna+) is disabled +then conjunct 10 {\dn\symbol{'346}} (\verb+knya+) will also be disabled. + +Some basic \devnag{} conjuncts like {\dn\symbol{34}}, {\dn \3E2w} and +{\dn /} cannot be disabled and are not shown in Table \ref{ligs}. Also, +most two element ligatures involving \textit{ra}, eg. {\dn\symbol{135}}, +{\dn g\5}, and {\dn \3FEw} cannot be disabled. + +\item[\texttt{@hyphen} / \texttt{@nohyphen}] +These directives control hyphenation of \devnag{} text. They +provide the ability to enclose a section of particularly dense text +between \verb+@hyphen+ and \verb+@nohyphen+ without affecting other +parts of text in the document. To type a hyphen +in a \devnag{} document simply type \texttt{-}. For example, typing +\verb+{\dn dive-dive}+ will produce {\dn Edv\?{\rs -\re}Edv\?}. Please +refer to section \ref{hyphenation} for more information. + +\item[\texttt{@tabs} / \texttt{@notabs}] +The \verb+@tabs+ directive instructs the preprocessor to recognize +the \verb+&+ character as a \TeX{} tabular character, not as a method +of encoding \textit{vir\=ama}. The command \verb+@notabs+ resets +this feature. If \verb+&+ appears word medially, eg. +\verb+.sa.t&"siraa.h+, it will be processed as a \textit{vir\=ama} even +if \verb+@tabs+ is specified. This avoids possible incompatibility +issues with legacy documents. The \verb+_+ character now doubles as a +way of producing \textit{vir\=ama}, particularly if \verb+@tabs+ is +used, eg. \verb+pari.sad_+ + +\item[\texttt{@vconjuncts}] +A change has been introduced in the way text like \verb+{\dn .sa.t"siraa.h}+ +is processed; specifically, instances where an \textit{i} vowel is associated +with a consonant sequence containing a \textit{vir\=ama}. The previous +behavior was to treat the consonant sequence as if it were a normal conjunct +by placing the vowel diacritic before the sequence as a whole, eg. +{\dn qE\qq{V}frA,}. The majority opinion seems to be that this is undesirable, +and that the vowel symbol should follow the consonant to which the +\textit{vir\=ama} is attached, eg. {\dn q\qq{V}EfrA,}. This is now the +default behavior of the preprocessor, but the \verb+@vconjuncts+ +directive has been implemented to reinstate the previous output method. +\end{description} + +\subsection{Protecting Text from Conversion} +The preprocessor will convert all text found in a \devnag{} environment. +Text may be protected from the preprocessor using the \verb+<+ and \verb+>+ +delimiters. In the example below, the font command between the angle brackets +will be ignored by the preprocessor, but will be removed from the +output file. + +For example, with \verb+{\dn dharmak.setre <\font\zzz=dvng10 at 18pt> kuruk.setre}+ +the preprocessor will operate on \texttt{dharmak.setre} and \texttt{kuruk.setre}, +but will ignore \verb+\font\zzz=dvng10 at 18pt+ because it occurs within the +\verb+<+ and \verb+>+ delimiters. + +\subsection{Breaking Pre-Defined Conjuncts} +The preprocessor will automatically produce predefined ligatures +from certain sequences of consonants. Placing the \texttt{+} character +between two consonants prevents any predefined ligature representing +those consonants from being produced. Instead a conjunct will be +created from half-forms, or, if half-forms do not exist, full forms +stopped with \textit{vir\=ama} will be used. + +For example, the sequence \texttt{kha} will produce {\dn K}. Using +\texttt{+} to break the sequence -- \texttt{k+ha} -- will create {\dn ?h}. + +The use of \texttt{+} is similar to the use of \verb+{}+. +For example, write \verb+t{}ha+ to produce {\dn \qq{t}{}h}, if +desired instead of \verb+tha+ {\dn T}. + +The \texttt{+} character can be used independently of the \verb+@lig+/\verb+@nolig+ +directives, and it can disable any conjunct. Note that the \texttt{+} character +only disables single occurrences of a conjunct. To disable all occurrence +of a conjunct use the \verb+@lig+ directive. + +\subsection{Supported \LaTeX{} Commands} +The preprocessor recognizes some \LaTeX{} macros with arguments. The +following command types are legal within delimiters. + +\begin{itemize} +\item Font commands: Standard \TeX{} size-changing commands, +eg. \verb+\small+, \verb+\large+, \verb+\huge+. + +\item Environments, including the three table environments: +\verb+tabular+, \verb+supertabular+, and \verb+longtable+. Note: To use +table environments within delimited text, the \verb+@tabs+ directive +must be specified in order to enable the use of the ampersand as a tab +marker instead of a marker for \textit{vir\=ama}. Refer to Section +\ref{directives} for more details on preprocessor directives. + +\item Spaces: \verb+\hspace+, \verb+\hspace*+, \verb+\vspace+, +\verb+\vspace*+, \verb+\addvspace+, \verb+\setlength+, \verb+\addtolength+, +\verb+\enlargethispage+, \verb+\enlargethispage*+, and +\verb+\\[+\textit{n}\verb+]+. Plain \TeX{} commands may also be used +when placed between brackets: \verb+{\hskip }+, \verb+{\vskip }+, +\verb+{\vadjust }+, and \verb+{\kern }+. + +\item Counters: \verb+\setcounter+, \verb+\stepcounter+, +\verb+\addtocounter+, and \verb+\refstepcounter+. Page numbering in +\devnag{} is also available through the \verb+dev+ counter. + +\item Boxes and rules: \verb+\parbox+, \verb+\makebox+, +\verb+\framebox+, \verb+raisebox+, and \verb+\rule+. + +\item References: \verb+\label+, \verb+\ref+, \verb+\pageref+, +\verb+\index+, \verb+\cite+, and \verb+\bibitem+. If the argument of the +\verb+\index+ command is in \devnag{}, it will appear in \devnag{} +in the index file. + +\item File commands: \verb+\input+ and \verb+\include+. + +\item Roman text may also be embedded within \devnag{} delimited text as +long as the Roman does not exceed the length of one line. Use +\verb+{\rm ... }+ to produce embedded Roman text. +\end{itemize} + +\section{\devnag{} Fonts} + +The \textsf{devnag} package provides three font families in addition to +the Standard family: Bombay, Calcutta, and Nepali. All families are +available in regular, oblique, bold, bold oblique, and pen shapes +and weights. The Bombay, Calcutta, and Nepali families provide +variant glyphs which are predominant regional forms for certain +characters, as shown in Table \ref{diffs}. + +\begin{itemize} +\item \verb+\dnbombay+ switches to the Bombay family +\item \verb+\dncalcutta+ switches to the Calcutta family +\item \verb+\dnnepali+ switches to the Nepali family +\item \verb+\dnoriginal+ switches back to the default regular family +\item \verb+\dnpen+ switches to the Pen family +\item \verb+\dnpenbombay+ switches to the Bombay Pen family +\item \verb+\dnpencalcutta+ switches to the Calcutta Pen family +\item \verb+\dnpennepali+ switches to the Nepali Pen family +\end{itemize} + +The oblique, bold, and bold oblique shapes and weights are produced +using standard \LaTeX{} macros. Oblique is obtained with either of the +\verb+\textit{}+ or \verb+\itshape+ font-changing commands. Bold is +obtained with either \verb+\textbf{}+ or \verb+\bfseries+. Bold oblique +requires a combination of the bold and oblique commands, such as +\verb+\bfseries\itshape+. + +To use bold, oblique, and bold oblique varieties in Plain \TeX{}, use the macros +\verb+\dnbf+ and \verb+\dnit+. The regional families are accessed using the +macro commands described above. See \texttt{dnmacs.tex} for further information. + +Font size may be controlled in \LaTeX{} with the standard font sizing +commands. In Plain \TeX{}, font size may be controlled with the following +macros: \verb+\dnsmall+, \verb+\dnnine+, \verb+\dnnormal+, +\verb+\dnhalf+, \verb+\dnbig+, \verb+\dnlarge+, and \verb+\dnhuge+. See +\texttt{dnmacs.tex} for further information. + +\subsection{Bombay-Style Fonts} + +The family name for the Bombay \devnag{} fonts is \textsf{dnb}. To +access this family, use the command \verb+\dnbombay+ after the +\verb+\dn+ macro. Standard \LaTeX{} font commands like +\verb+\fontfamily{dnb}+ and \verb+\usefont{U}{dnb}{}{}+ may be used to +access the Bombay fonts, however, these commands conflict with the +preprocessor. Access to the Bombay family within \devnag{} +environments should be restricted to the \verb+\dnbombay+ macro. +Use the command \verb+\dnoriginal+ to return to the standard \devnag{} +font. + +\subsection{Calcutta-Style Fonts} + +The family name for the Calcutta \devnag{} fonts is \textsf{dnc}. To +access this family, use the command \verb+\dncalcutta+ after the +\verb+\dn+ macro. Standard \LaTeX{} font commands like +\verb+\fontfamily{dnc}+ and \verb+\usefont{U}{dnb}{}{}+ may be used to +access the Calcutta fonts, however, these commands conflict with the +preprocessor. Access to the Calcutta family within \devnag{} +environments should be restricted to the \verb+\dncalcutta+ macro. +Use the command \verb+\dnoriginal+ to return to the standard \devnag{} +font. + +\subsection{Nepali-Style Fonts} + +The family name for the Nepali \devnag{} fonts is \textsf{dnn}. To +access this family, use the command \verb+\dnnepali+ after the +\verb+\dn+ macro. Standard \LaTeX{} font commands like +\verb+\fontfamily{dnn}+ and \verb+\usefont{U}{dnn}{}{}+ may be used to +access the Nepali fonts, however, these commands conflict with the +preprocessor. Access to the Nepali family within \devnag{} +environments should be restricted to the \verb+\dnnepali+ macro. +Use the command \verb+\dnoriginal+ to return to the standard \devnag{} +font. + + +\subsection{\devnag{} Pen Fonts} + +The \devnag{} Pen family is a simple modification of the Standard +face created by Tom Ridgeway, which resembles Devanagari written +with a pen. Standard Pen fonts are available as the family \textsf{dnp} and may be +accessed within \devnag{} environments with the command \verb+\dnpen+. The +Pen family for the Bombay style are available as the family \textsf{dnpb}, +and may be accessed with the command \verb+\dnpenbombay+. The Pen family for +the Calcutta style is called \textsf{dnpc} and may be accessed with the command +\verb+\dnpencalcutta+. The Pen family for the Nepali style is called \textsf{dnpn} +and may be accessed with the command \verb+\dnpennepali+. Use the command +\verb+\dnpen+ to return to the standard \devnag{} Pen font. + + +\subsection{Default \devnag{} Font (\LaTeX{} Only)} + +The \devnag{} package provides options \verb+bombay+, \verb+calcutta+, +\verb+nepali+, \verb+pen+, \verb+penbombay+, \verb+pencalcutta+, and +\verb+pennepali+ so as to set the corresponding font as the default one. It may +seem that using \verb+\dncalcutta+ at the beginning of the document is +sufficient. However, as we will show later in this document, the \devnag{} +package may create automatically some captions as well as a running head. When +producing such texts, \LaTeX{} is set to use Roman fonts and the automatic text +switches to \devnag{} just by \verb+\dn+. You would thus see {\dn\dncalcutta +a@yAy} in the normal text but {\dn a@yAy} in automatic captions which is +undesirable. The package options inform which font style should be used as +default. + +It is also possible to change the default font by defining macro +\verb+\dnfamilydefault+. + +The font switching commands described in the previous subsections can be used +for local changes of the style. + +\subsection{Postscript Type-1} + +PostScript Type 1 scalable fonts of Frans Velthuis' \devnag{} fonts +were produced by Richard Mahoney and Zden\v{e}k Wagner. These fonts were +generated as +follows. First, \MF{} and TFM files were passed through Han-Wen +Nienhuys' Python script, \texttt{mftrace}, to produce Adobe Type 1 +font programs in ASCII format, PFA files. While it ran, +\texttt{mftrace} called Peter Selinger's \texttt{potrace} to generate +smooth, scalable images, \MF{} at a magnification ranging from 2900 to +3250 to produce decent PFA files, and George Williams' +\texttt{fontforge} to simplify and hint glyphs. Next, the PFA files +were edited using a Perl script, and +reassembled as Adobe Type 1 font programs in binary format, PFB +files. Reassembly was accomplished with +\texttt{t1binary} from Lee Hetherington's and Eddie +Kohler's \texttt{t1utils}. AFM metrics files were generated from the PFA files +by Robert Joop's and Angus Duggan's \texttt{getafm}. The PFB Adobe Type 1 font +programs and +Adobe Font Metrics, AFM files, are bundled with the \textsf{devnag} +package. + +To use the Type 1 fonts with \texttt{dvips} and pdf\TeX, it is in modern +\TeX{} distributions sufficient to run +\texttt{mktexlsr} or \texttt{texhash} and then issue: + +\begin{verbatim} +updmap --enable MixedMap dvng.map +\end{verbatim} + +If you do not have \texttt{updmap}, you must +edit the local \textsf{dvips} \texttt{psfonts.map} +file to contain a reference to \texttt{dvng.map}; or copy the contents +of \texttt{dvng.map} into \texttt{config.ps}. + +% \subsection{Creating Custom Font Varieties} +% +% The \MF{} source files have been organized to make it easy to produce +% custom font varieties, such as larger point sizes, fonts that contain +% some alternate letters but not others, and non-standard bold and oblique +% fonts. For further information, see the comments in \texttt{dngen.mf}. +% If you are using \LaTeX{}, you may need to modify \texttt{dev.sty}, and +% add or modify \texttt{.fd} files. For Plain \TeX{}, you may want to +% modify \texttt{dnmacs.tex}. + +\section{Special Topics}\label{spec} + +\subsection{Delimiter Scope} +The \LaTeX{} font-size commands may be used within +\devnag{} delimited text, however, as a general rule, the font-size +command should follow the \verb+\dn+ delimiter, otherwise +the font definition commands of \verb+\dn+ will be overridden. For +example, items 1, 2, and 3 below produce the correct forms, but +4 does not: + +\begin{quote} +\begin{tabular}{llcl} +1. & \verb+{\dn \large acchaa}+ & $\rightarrow$ & {\dn aQCA} \\ +2. & \verb+{\dn {\large acchaa}}+ & $\rightarrow$ & {\dn aQCA} \\ +3. & \verb+{\large {\dn acchaa}}+ & $\rightarrow$ & {\dn aQCA} \\ +4. & \verb+{\large \dn acchaa}+ & $\rightarrow$ & {\dn acchaa} \\ +\end{tabular} +\end{quote} + +\subsection{Line Spacing} +Due to the super- and subscript characters of the \devnag{} script, the +default line spacing (leading) often needs to be increased to prevent +the crowding of lines. The parameter \verb+\baselineskip+ +(\verb+\linespread+ for \LaTeX{}) controls the line spacing. + +\TeX{} determines and adjusts the value of \verb+\baselineskip+ after it +finishes processing a paragraph. If a paragraph contains a mixture of +\devnag{} and Roman text, and ends with Roman text, then \TeX{} will set +the value of \verb+\baselineskip+ according to the Roman text. This may +result in crowding of \devnag{} text. + +There are, however, solutions to this. An explicit value can be assigned +to \verb+\baselineskip+ before the paragraph ends. The macro file +\texttt{dnmacs.tex} shows examples of the value of \verb+\baselineskip+ +at different font sizes. Default line spacing is also set in +\texttt{dev.sty}. Alternately, `dummy' \textsf{devnag} text containing +\verb+\par+ can be placed at the end of the paragraph, eg. +\verb+{\dn \par}+. + +Even when a paragraph has only \textsf{devnag} text, the paragraph-end +command must be included within \textsf{devnag} text, meaning that the +closing delimiter, which ends the \textsf{devnag} text, must follow +the empty line or the \verb+\par+ command that forces the paragraph to +end. + +\subsection{Hyphenation} +\label{hyphenation} + +The \texttt{devnag} package does more or less all that needs to be done +from the point of view of hyphenating Sanskrit in \devnag{} through the +\texttt{@hyphen} and \texttt{@nohyphen} directives, which are discussed in +section \ref{directives}. If hyphenation is off, then there are no hyphens, +and very stretchy inter-word space. This is acceptable for ragged-right +settings or for text in verse form, but may produce poor results +in right-justified prose text, especially if the given passage contains +long compound words. If hyphenation is on then discretionary hyphens are +set between all syllables. + +\subsection{Captions and Date Formats (\LaTeX{} only)} +The language modules of the \textsf{babel} package change captions texts and +date formats. Although \textsf{dev.sty} is not a \textsf{babel} module, similar +mechanism is implemented here. Macros \verb=\datehindi= and +\verb=\datemodernhindi= enable Europian style Hindi date generated by the +standard \verb=\today= command. The ``traditional'' and ``modern'' variants +comtain the same names of the months, they differ only in the ligatures used. +You should therefore use \verb=\datemodernhindi= in documents processed with +\verb=@modernhindi=. The names of the months used in the definition of +\verb=\datemodernhindi= are summarized in Table~\ref{months}. + +\begin{table}[bth] +\centering +\extrarowheight 2pt +\begin{tabular}{|rl|rl|}\hline +1 & {\dn jnvrF} & 7 & {\dn \7{j}lAI}\\ +2 & {\dn \327wrvrF} & 8 & {\dn ag-t}\\ +3 & {\dn mAc\0} & 9 & {\dn EstMbr}\\ +4 & {\dn a\3FEw\4l} & 10 & {\dn a?\8{t}br}\\ +5 & {\dn mI} & 11 & {\dn nvMbr}\\ +6 & {\dn \8{j}n} & 12 & {\dn EdsMbr}\\\hline +\end{tabular} + +\caption{Names of the months in the definition of +\texttt{\char92 datemodernhindi}}\label{months} +\end{table} + +The captions are similarly switched to Hindi by \verb=\captionshindi= or +\verb=\captionsmodernhindi=, respectively. Again the texts differ only in the +ligatures used. The captions for the modern Hindi variant are given in +Table~\ref{captions}. + +\begin{table}[bt] +\centering +\extrarowheight 2pt +\begin{tabular}{|>{\tt\char92 }l|l|}\hline +\multicolumn{1}{|l|}{\bfseries Macro} & \bfseries Caption \\\hline +abstractname & {\dn sArA\2f}\\ +appendixname & {\dn pErEf\309wV}\\ +bibname & {\dn s\2df\0 g\5\306wT}\\ +ccname & \\ +chaptername & {\dn a@yAy}\\ +contentsname & {\dn Evqy{\rs -\re}\8{s}cF}\\ +enclname & {\dn }\\ +figurename & {\dn Ec/}\\ +headpagename & {\dn \9{p}\309wW}\\ +headtoname & \\ +indexname & {\dn \8{s}cF}\\ +listfigurename & {\dn Ec/o{\qva} kF \8{s}cF}\\ +listtablename & {\dn tAElkAao\2 kF \8{s}cF}\\ +pagename & {\dn \9{p}\309wW}\\ +partname & {\dn K\317wX}\\ +prefacename & {\dn \3FEw-tAvnA}\\ +refname & {\dn hvAl\?}\\ +tablename & {\dn tAElkA}\\ +seename & {\dn d\?EKe}\\ +alsoname & {\dn aOr d\?EKe}\\ +alsoseename & {\dn aOr d\?EKe}\\\hline +\end{tabular} + +\caption{Modern Hindi captions}\label{captions} +\end{table} + +The macros for the \textsc{letter} class are left intentionally empty. The idea +of the \textsf{babel} package is to prepare a universal template for business +letters using a set of macros. The header of the letter would make use of the +\verb=\headtoname= macro which will produce ``To: Mr.\@ Kumar'' in English +letters and ``Komu: pan Kumar'' in Czech letters. If we simply defined +\verb=\headtoname= to {\dn ko}, the universal template would put it before the +name which would be wrong. Hindi requires different word order, namely {\dn +\399wF \7{k}mAr ko}. The universal templates are thus useless in Hindi and the +letter template must be redesigned almost from scratch. It therefore makes no +sense to define the letter macros. + +Two package options are provided: \verb=hindi= and \verb=modernhindi=. If used, +they cause the \verb=\dn= command to switch the caption text and date format as +well. The date format and captions may be switched back by macros +\verb=\dateenglish=, \verb=\dateUSenglish=, and \verb=\captionsenglish=. + +\subsection{Customizing the date and captions} +The user might prefer different caption texts. If just a few texts are to be +changed, they can simply be redefined in the main document, for instace by: + +\begin{verbatim} +\def\indexname{{\dn anukrama.nikaa}} +\end{verbatim} + +This redefinition must appear \textbf{after} \verb=\captionshindi= or +\verb=\captionsmodernhindi= was invoked. + +It is also possible to change all definitions. The source texts in the Velthuis +transliteration can be found in the \texttt{input} directory +(\verb=$TEXMF/tex/latex/devanagr=) in file +\texttt{captions.dn} with some suggested variants in comments. You can either +put modified definitions to your main document (after \textsf{dev.sty}) or to a +package of your own. Remember that the preprocessor will not see your package, +you must preprocess it separately. Your package must either reside in the same +directory as your document or in some directory which is searched by \LaTeX. In +the latter case you will have to rebuild the database by running +\textsf{mktexlsr} or \textsf{texhash} in many \TeX{} distributions. + +Do not put your packages to standard distribution directories. You may lose +them when upgrading your \TeX{} distribution. + +\renewcommand\thepage{{\dn\arabic{page}}} + +\subsection{Using {\dn d\?vnAgrF} in Sections and References} +All macros necessary for typesetting \devnag{} text are robust. The +section/chapter titles as well as figure and table captions can contain +\devnag{} words. However, the font is changed to the standard document +font before the title is typeset. It is therefore mandatory to use +\verb+\dn+ even if the section title appears inside the \verb+\dn+ +environment. Thus, \verb+\chapter{{\dn mis paal}}+ will be printed +correctly while \verb+{\dn\chapter{mis paal}}+ will always +create garbage text. Section numbers as well as page numbers will be +printed in Roman numerals. + +\subsection{\devnag{} Page Numbers} +Changing page numbers to print \devnag{} numerals is possible by +redefining the \verb+\thepage+ macro. This redefinition places the +\verb+page+ counter in the scope of the \verb+\dn+ delimiter. However, +note that \verb+\arabic{page}+ is enclosed within angle brackets. This +is required because the preprocessor does not recognize the counter +as a command. The pagination for this page till the end of Chapter~\ref{spec} +occurs in \devnag{} through +the following redefintion of \verb+\thepage+: + +\begin{quote} +\verb+\renewcommand\thepage{{\dn<\arabic{page}>}}+ +\end{quote} + +Other counters can be printed in \devnag{} by redefinition macros. For +example, to change section numbering to \devnag{}, redefine +\verb+\thesection+ in a manner similar to \verb+\thepage+ above, using +the \verb+section+ counter instead of \verb+page+: + +\begin{quote} +\verb+\renewcommand\thesection{{\dn<\arabic{section}>}}+ +\end{quote} + +\subsection{Category Codes} +\label{catcodes} +\TeX{} assigns a category code (\verb+\catcode+) to each character. For +example, normal characters are assigned to category 11, and because the +backslash belongs to category 0, it is treated as the first character of +macro commands. + +The fonts in the \textsf{devnag} package use characters with codes below +32. In previous releases of the package the category of these characters was +to 11. However, these catcode assignments caused conflicts with some +packages and with tables where tab characters were used. +Most of these problems could be solved at the macro level, but +unfortunately not all of them. The most serious problem is that words +like {\dn v\char10 t} do not get correctly transfered from section +titles to the table-of-contents. + +A modification of the preprocessor was necessary to resolve this +issue. As a result, a change of character categories is no longer +needed. The output of the revised preprocessor is compatible with +previous releases of \texttt{dev.sty}. This fix solves the +table-of-contents problem, but not the conflicts. The new +\texttt{dev.sty} is still able to process files generated by the +previous versions of the preprocessor. + +To indicate which version of the preprocessor was used to process a +given \devnag{} file, a string is written to the beginning of the output +\TeX{} file. The macro definition \verb+\DevnagVersion+ is written to +the first line of the output file and indicates the preprocessor +version. If the whole document is present in a single file, the +definition will appear before reading the macro package. The package +then changes its behaviour according to the existence or non-existence +of the above mentioned macro. If the macro is defined, no categories are +changed. If the macro is undefined, the \textsf{dev} package assumes +that it is processing an output from an older version of the +preprocessor and the categories of the characters are changed. + +The \textsf{nocatcodes} option is intended for use with files produced +by the old preprocessor. This option changes the categories only within +the \verb+\dn+ environment, not globally for the document. The +\textsf{catcodes} option instructs the package to change the categories +globally. This does not, however, change the categories as a part of +the \verb+\dn+ command. If you assume that the categories can be changed +somewhere in the middle of the document and you wish to set them +properly by \verb+\dn+, you can use the \textsf{compat} option. The +macro \verb+\UnDevCatcodes+ changes catcodes back to the normal values +within the \verb+\dn+ environment. + +\section{Vedic Macros} + +\renewcommand\thepage{{\arabic{page}}} + +These macros put Vedic intonation marks above and below individual +Devanagari letters and construct other characters generally used only in +Vedic text. + +There are two groups of these macros, one for Rig Veda, and one for Sama +Veda. To use the Rig Veda macros, you must first enter the command +\verb=\dnveda= +at some point after \verb=\input dnmacs= or \verb=\usepackage{dev}=, and to use the Sama Veda accents, you must +first type \verb=\dnsamaveda=. + +Both of these modes redefine standard macro names already used in Plain \TeX{} +and \LaTeX. In Rig Veda mode the macros \verb=\_=, \verb+\=+, \verb=\|=, and +\verb=\~= are redefined, +while in Sama Veda mode, \verb=\^= and \verb=\@= are redefined. If your document already +uses these macros in their original sense, then use \verb=\dnveda= or +\verb=\dnsamaveda= only within \verb=\dn= mode. Otherwise, use \verb=\dnveda= +or \verb=\dnsamaveda= once +at the beginning of the document. + +This approach to macro names has been used because, when intonation marks +are needed, they are needed very frequently and are inserted into parts of +words, so the macro names should be very short and symbolic. + +\subsection{Rig Veda Macros} + +\subsubsection{Anudatta (low) tone macro \texttt{\char92\_}, variable width} + +This macro takes one argument, the text letter. +Example: \verb=\dnveda ... {\dn \_{a}gnim}= + +This macro may be combined with \verb=\|= for a pluta mark: \verb=\_{\|{3}}=. + +The anudatta mark produced by this macro is nearly as wide as the letter and +thus varies in width from one letter to another. + + +\subsubsection{Anudatta (low) tone macro \texttt{\char92=}, fixed width} + +This macro takes one argument, the text letter. +Example: \verb+\dnveda ... {\dn \={a}gnim}+ + +This macro may be combined with \verb=\|= for a pluta mark: \verb+\={\|{3}}+. + +The anudatta mark produced by this macro has a fixed width and is centered +under the letter. + + +\subsubsection{Svarita (rising) tone macro \texttt{\char92|}} + +This macro takes one argument, the text letter. +Example: \verb=\dnveda ... {\dn \|{ii}Le}= + +This macro may be combined with \verb=\|= for a pluta mark: \verb=\|{\_{3}}=. + + +\subsubsection{Pada separator macro \texttt{\char92\~}} + +This macro inserts a pada separtor between two Devanagari letters. +Example: \verb=\dnveda ... {\dn na\_{ra}\~maa}= + +\subsection{Usage Samples} +This subsection provides two small usage samples of Vedic macros. + + +{\dn\dnnum\Large\dncalcutta +{\dnveda + +\_{a}E`n\|{mF}\30Fw\? \_{\7{p}}ro\|{Eh}t\2 \_{y}\3E2w\|{-y} +\_{d\?}v\_{\9{m}}E(v\|{j}\qq{m} . \ +ho\|{tA}r\2 r\_{\3D7w}DA\|{t}m\qq{m} \quad \rn{1} + +}} + +The text above was typeset by: + +\begin{verbatim} +{\dn\dnnum\Large\dncalcutta +{\dnveda + +\_{a}gni\|{mii}Le \_{pu}ro\|{hi}ta.m \_{ya}j~na\|{sya} +\_{de}va\_{m.r}tvi\|{ja}m | \ +ho\|{taa}ra.m ra\_{tna}dhaa\|{ta}mam \quad 1 + +}} +\end{verbatim} + +\def\samaindent{\parindent=1.0in} +\def\dnitem#1{\noindent\llap{#1\space}\leftskip\parindent} +{\dn\dnnum\dncalcutta +{\dnsamaveda\samaindent +\dnitem{\rn{1}} \^{a}{\rn{2}}\^{`n}{\rn{3}} \^{aA}{\rn{1}} \^{yA}{\rn{2}}Eh +\^{vF}{\rn{3}}\^{t}{\rn{1}}\^{y\?}{\rn{2}} \9{g}\^{ZA}{\rn{3}}\^{no}{\rn{2}} +\^{h}{\rn{3}}\^{\326wy}{\rn{1}}\^{dA}{\rn{2}}ty\? \\ +\^{En}{\rn{1}} ho\^{tA}{\rn{2}r} sE(s \^{b}{\rn{3}}\^{Eh\0}{\rn{1}}\^{Eq}{\rn{2}} \quad \rn{1} + +}} + +The text above was typeset by: + +\begin{verbatim} +\def\samaindent{\parindent=1.0in} +\def\dnitem#1{\noindent\llap{#1\space}\leftskip\parindent} +{\dn\dnnum\dncalcutta +{\dnsamaveda\samaindent +\dnitem{1} \^{a}{2}\^{gna}{3} \^{aa}{1} \^{yaa}{2}hi +\^{vii}{3}\^{ta}{1}\^{ye}{2} g.r\^{.naa}{3}\^{no}{2} +\^{ha}{3}\^{vya}{1}\^{daa}{2}taye \\ +\^{ni}{1} ho\^{taa}{2ra} satsi \^{ba}{3}\^{rhi}{1}\^{.si}{2} \quad 1 + +}} +\end{verbatim} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\begin{table}[pt] +\begin{center} +\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.35} +\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|c|} +\hline + & \textsc{original} & \textsc{bombay} & \textsc{calcutta} & \textsc{nepali} \\ +\hline +\textit{a} & {\dn a} & {\dn\dnbombay a} & {\dn\dncalcutta a} & \\ +\textit{\underrng{r}} & {\dn \31Bw} & {\dn\dnbombay \31Bw} & {\dn\dncalcutta \31Bw} & \\ +\textit{\diatop[\=|\underrng{r}]} & {\dn \311w} & {\dn\dnbombay \311w} & {\dn\dncalcutta \311w} & \\ +\textit{\underrng{l}} & {\dn \318w} & {\dn\dnbombay \318w} & {\dn\dncalcutta \318w} & \\ +\textit{\diatop[\=|\underrng{l}]} & {\dn \319w} & {\dn\dnbombay \319w} & {\dn\dncalcutta \319w} & \\ +\textit{cha} & {\dn C} & {\dn\dnbombay C} & {\dn\dncalcutta C} & \\ +\textit{jha} & {\dn J} & {\dn\dnbombay J} & {\dn\dncalcutta J} & {\dn\dnnepali J} \\ +\textit{\d{n}a} & {\dn Z} & {\dn\dnbombay Z} & {\dn\dncalcutta Z} & \\ +\textit{la} & {\dn l} & {\dn\dnbombay l} & {\dn\dncalcutta l} & \\ +\textit{\'sa} & {\dn f} & {\dn\dnbombay f} & {\dn\dncalcutta f} & \\ +\textit{1} & {\dn\dnnum 1} & {\dn\dnnum\dnbombay 1} & {\dn\dnnum\dncalcutta 1} & {\dn\dnnum\dnnepali 1}\\ +\textit{5} & {\dn\dnnum 5} & {\dn\dnnum\dnbombay 5} & {\dn\dnnum\dncalcutta 5} & \\ +\textit{8} & {\dn\dnnum 8} & {\dn\dnnum\dnbombay 8} & {\dn\dnnum\dncalcutta 8} & \\ +\textit{9} & {\dn\dnnum 9} & {\dn\dnnum\dnbombay 9} & {\dn\dnnum\dncalcutta 9} & {\dn\dnnum\dnnepali 9}\\ +\hline +\end{tabular} +\end{center} +\bigskip + +\begin{center} +\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.35} +\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|c|} +\hline + & \textsc{original} & \textsc{bombay} & \textsc{calcutta} & \textsc{nepali} \\ +\hline +\textit{k\d{s}a} & {\dn "} & {\dn\dnbombay "} & {\dn\dncalcutta "} & \\ +\textit{k\d{s}}- & {\dn \symbol{'43}} & {\dn\dnbombay \symbol{'43}} & {\dn\dncalcutta \symbol{'43}} & \\ +\textit{\.nk\d{s}a} & {\dn \3B0w} & {\dn\dnbombay \3B0w} & {\dn\dncalcutta \3B0w} & \\ +\textit{\.nk\d{s}va} & {\dn \3B1w} & {\dn\dnbombay \3B1w} & {\dn\dncalcutta \3B1w} & \\ +\textit{chya} & {\dn \3D0w} & {\dn\dnbombay \3D0w} & {\dn\dncalcutta \3D0w} & \\ +\textit{j\~na} & {\dn \3E2w} & {\dn\dnbombay \3E2w} & {\dn\dncalcutta \3E2w} & \\ +\textit{j\~n}- & {\dn \symbol{'352}} & {\dn\dnbombay \symbol{'352}} & {\dn\dncalcutta \symbol{'352}} & \\ +\textit{jh}- & {\dn \324w} & {\dn\dnbombay \324w} & {\dn\dncalcutta \324w} & {\dn\dnnepali \324w} \\ +\textit{\d{n}}- & {\dn \symbol{'27}} & {\dn\dnbombay \symbol{'27}} & {\dn\dncalcutta \symbol{'27}} & \\ +\textit{\d{n}\d{n}a} & {\dn \symbol{'233}} & {\dn\dnbombay \symbol{'233}} & {\dn\dncalcutta \symbol{'233}} & \\ +\textit{lla} & {\dn \3A5w} & {\dn\dnbombay \3A5w} & {\dn\dncalcutta \3A5w} & \\ +\textit{\'{s}}- & {\dn \symbol{'133}} & {\dn\dnbombay \symbol{'133}} & {\dn\dncalcutta \symbol{'133}} & \\ +\textit{-ya} & {\dn \symbol{'053}} & {\dn\dnbombay \symbol{'053}} & {\dn\dncalcutta \symbol{'053}} & \\ +\textit{h\d{n}a} & {\dn \3A2w} & {\dn\dnbombay \3A2w} & {\dn\dncalcutta \3A2w} & \\ +\hline +\end{tabular} +\end{center} + +\caption{Standard and Variant \devnag{} Characters} +\label{diffs} +\end{table} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\begin{center} +\begin{table}[p] +\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.35} +\begin{tabular}{|lllll||lllll||lllll|} +\hline +\# & & \textsc{s} & \textsc{h} & \textsc{mh} & +\# & & \textsc{s} & \textsc{h} & \textsc{mh} & +\# & & \textsc{s} & \textsc{h} & \textsc{mh} \\ \hline +1 & {\dn k k} & {\dn\symbol{'303}} & {\dn \3C3w} & {\dn ?k} & +36 & {\dn\symbol{'32} c} & {\dn\symbol{'321}} & {\dn \316wc} & {\dn \316wc} & +71 & {\dn d r y} & {\dn\symbol{'357}} & {\dn \3EFw} & {\dn \qb{d}+}\\ +2 & {\dn k t } & {\dn\symbol{'304}} & {\dn \3C4w} & {\dn ?t} & +37 & {\dn\symbol{'32} j} & {\dn\symbol{'322}} & {\dn \316wj} & {\dn \316wj} & +72 & {\dn d v y} & {\dn\symbol{'225}} & {\dn \395w} & {\dn \392w+}\\ +3 & {\dn k n} & {\dn\symbol{'307}} & {\dn ?n} & {\dn ?n} & +38 & {\dn V k} & {\dn\symbol{'326}} & {\dn \3D6w} & {\dn \qq{V}k} & +73 & {\dn D n} & {\dn\symbol{'360}} & {\dn @n} & {\dn @n}\\ +4 & {\dn k m} & {\dn\symbol{'311}} & {\dn ?m} & {\dn ?m} & +39 & {\dn V V} & {\dn\symbol{'323}} & {\dn \3D3w} & {\dn \qq{V}V} & +74 & {\dn n n} & {\dn\symbol{'340}} & {\dn \3E0w} & {\dn \306wn}\\ +5 & {\dn k y} & {\dn\symbol{'310}} & {\dn \3C8w} & {\dn ?y} & +40 & {\dn V W} & {\dn\symbol{'341}} & {\dn \3E1w} & {\dn \qq{V}W} & +75 & {\dn p t} & {\dn\symbol{'330}} & {\dn =t} & {\dn =t}\\ +6 & {\dn k l} & {\dn\symbol{'312}} & {\dn ?l} & {\dn ?l} & +41 & {\dn V y} & {\dn\symbol{'324}} & {\dn \3D4w} & {\dn V+} & +76 & {\dn p n} & {\dn\symbol{'331}} & {\dn =n} & {\dn =n}\\ +7 & {\dn k v} & {\dn\symbol{'313}} & {\dn ?v} & {\dn ?v} & +42 & {\dn W y} & {\dn\symbol{'325}} & {\dn \3D5w} & {\dn W+} & +77 & {\dn p l} & {\dn\symbol{'332}} & {\dn =l} & {\dn =l}\\ +8 & {\dn k t y} & {\dn\symbol{'305}} & {\dn \3C5w} & {\dn ?(y} & +43 & {\dn X g} & {\dn\symbol{'263}} & {\dn \qq{X}g} & {\dn \qq{X}g} & +78 & {\dn b n} & {\dn\symbol{'247}} & {\dn Nn} & {\dn Nn}\\ +9 & {\dn k t v} & {\dn\symbol{'306}} & {\dn \3C6w} & {\dn ?(v} & +44 & {\dn X G} & {\dn\symbol{'264}} & {\dn \qq{X}G} & {\dn \qq{X}G} & +79 & {\dn b b} & {\dn\symbol{'251}} & {\dn Nb} & {\dn Nb}\\ +10 & {\dn k n y} & {\dn\symbol{'346}} & {\dn ?\306wy} & {\dn ?\306wy} & +45 & {\dn X X} & {\dn\symbol{'345}} & {\dn \3E5w} & {\dn \qq{X}X} & +80 & {\dn b v} & {\dn\symbol{'333}} & {\dn Nv} & {\dn Nv}\\ +11 & {\dn k r y} & {\dn\symbol{'347}} & {\dn \3E7w} & {\dn \3E7w} & +46 & {\dn X m} & {\dn\symbol{'273}} & {\dn \qq{X}m} & {\dn \qq{X}m} & +81 & {\dn B n} & {\dn\symbol{'336}} & {\dn <n} & {\dn <n}\\ +12 & {\dn k v y} & {\dn\symbol{'314}} & {\dn ?\&y} & {\dn ?\&y} & +47 & {\dn X y} & {\dn\symbol{'267}} & {\dn \3B7w} & {\dn X+} & +82 & {\dn m n} & {\dn\symbol{'337}} & {\dn Mn} & {\dn Mn}\\ +13 & {\dn k t r y} & {\dn\symbol{'374}} & {\dn \3FCw} & {\dn ?\3ECwy} & +48 & {\dn X g y} & {\dn\symbol{'270}} & {\dn \qq{X}`y} & {\dn \qq{X}`y} & +83 & {\dn m l} & {\dn\symbol{'335}} & {\dn Ml} & {\dn Ml}\\ +14 & {\dn G n} & {\dn\symbol{'315}} & {\dn \35Dwn} & {\dn \35Dwn} & +49 & {\dn X G r} & {\dn\symbol{'266}} & {\dn \qq{X}G\5} & {\dn \qq{X}G\5} & +84 & {\dn l l} & {\dn\symbol{'245}} & {\dn Sl} & {\dn Sl}\\ +15 & {\dn R k} & {\dn\symbol{'254}} & {\dn \3ACw} & {\dn \qq{R}k} & +50 & {\dn X r y} & {\dn\symbol{'373}} & {\dn \3FBw} & {\dn \6{X}+} & +85 & {\dn v n} & {\dn\symbol{'246}} & {\dn \&n} & {\dn \&n}\\ +16 & {\dn R K} & {\dn\symbol{'262}} & {\dn \3B2w} & {\dn \qq{R}K} & +51 & {\dn Y y} & {\dn\symbol{'344}} & {\dn \3E4w} & {\dn Y+} & +86 & {\dn v v} & {\dn\symbol{'250}} & {\dn \&v} & {\dn \&v}\\ +17 & {\dn R g} & {\dn\symbol{'275}} & {\dn \3BDw} & {\dn \qq{R}g} & +52 & {\dn t t} & {\dn\symbol{'201}} & {\dn \381w} & {\dn \381w} & +87 & {\dn f c} & {\dn\symbol{'226}} & {\dn \35Bwc} & {\dn \35Bwc}\\ +18 & {\dn R G} & {\dn\symbol{'277}} & {\dn \3BFw} & {\dn \qq{R}G} & +53 & {\dn t n} & {\dn\symbol{'327}} & {\dn (n} & {\dn (n} & +88 & {\dn f n} & {\dn\symbol{'227}} & {\dn \35Bwn} & {\dn \35Bwn}\\ +19 & {\dn R R} & {\dn\symbol{'274}} & {\dn \3BCw} & {\dn \qq{R}R} & +54 & {\dn d g} & {\dn\symbol{'213}} & {\dn \qq{d}g} & {\dn \qq{d}g} & +% 89 & {\dn f b} & {\dn\symbol{'233}} & {\dn \35Bwb} & {\dn \35Bwb}\\ +89 & --- & --- & --- & --- \\ +20 & {\dn R n} & {\dn\symbol{'265}} & {\dn \3B5w} & {\dn \qq{R}n} & +55 & {\dn d G} & {\dn\symbol{'212}} & {\dn \qq{d}G} & {\dn \qq{d}G} & +90 & {\dn f l} & {\dn\symbol{'232}} & {\dn \35Bwl} & {\dn \35Bwl}\\ +21 & {\dn R m} & {\dn\symbol{'301}} & {\dn \3C1w} & {\dn \qq{R}m} & +56 & {\dn d d} & {\dn\symbol{'214}} & {\dn \38Cw} & {\dn \38Cw} & +91 & {\dn f v} & {\dn\symbol{'230}} & {\dn \35Bwv} & {\dn \35Bwv}\\ +22 & {\dn R y} & {\dn\symbol{'302}} & {\dn \3C2w} & {\dn R+} & +57 & {\dn d D} & {\dn\symbol{'210}} & {\dn \388w} & {\dn \388w} & +92 & {\dn q V} & {\dn\symbol{'243}} & {\dn \309wV} & {\dn \309wV}\\ +23 & {\dn R k t} & {\dn\symbol{'255}} & {\dn \qq{\3ACw}t} & {\dn \qq{R}?t} & +58 & {\dn d n} & {\dn\symbol{'221}} & {\dn \qq{d}n} & {\dn \qq{d}n} & +93 & {\dn q W} & {\dn\symbol{'244}} & {\dn \309wW} & {\dn \309wW}\\ +24 & {\dn R k y} & {\dn\symbol{'257}} & {\dn \3AFw} & {\dn \qq{R}?y} & +59 & {\dn d b} & {\dn\symbol{'223}} & {\dn \393w} & {\dn \393w} & +94 & {\dn q V y} & {\dn\symbol{'367}} & {\dn \309w\3D4w} & {\dn \309wV+}\\ +25 & {\dn R k q} & {\dn\symbol{'260}} & {\dn \qq{\3ACw}q} & {\dn \qq{R}"} & +60 & {\dn d B} & {\dn\symbol{'211}} & {\dn \389w} & {\dn \qq{d}B} & +95 & {\dn q V v} & {\dn\symbol{'253}} & {\dn \309w\qq{V}v} & {\dn \309w\qq{V}v}\\ +26 & {\dn R K y} & {\dn\symbol{'272}} & {\dn \3BAw} & {\dn \qq{R}Hy} & +61 & {\dn d m} & {\dn\symbol{'224}} & {\dn \qq{d}m} & {\dn \qq{d}m} & +96 & {\dn q V r y} & {\dn\symbol{'252}} & {\dn \3AAw} & {\dn \309w\6{V}+}\\ +27 & {\dn R g y} & {\dn\symbol{'276}} & {\dn \3BEw} & {\dn \qq{R}`y} & +62 & {\dn d y} & {\dn\symbol{'215}} & {\dn \38Dw} & {\dn \38Dw} & +97 & {\dn s n} & {\dn\symbol{'334}} & {\dn -n} & {\dn -n}\\ +28 & {\dn R G y} & {\dn\symbol{'271}} & {\dn \3B9w} & {\dn \qq{R}\35Dwy} & +63 & {\dn d v} & {\dn\symbol{'222}} & {\dn \392w} & {\dn \392w} & +98 & {\dn s r} & {\dn\symbol{'372}} & {\dn \3FAw} & {\dn \3FAw}\\ +29 & {\dn R G r} & {\dn\symbol{'300}} & {\dn \3C0w} & {\dn \qq{R}G\5} & +64 & {\dn d g r} & {\dn\symbol{'355}} & {\dn \qq{d}g\5} & {\dn \qq{d}g\5} & +99 & {\dn h Z} & {\dn\symbol{'242}} & {\dn \3A2w} & {\dn \3A2w}\\ +30 & {\dn R k t y} & {\dn\symbol{'256}} & {\dn \qq{\3ACw}(y} & {\dn \qq{R}?(y} & +65 & {\dn d G r} & {\dn\symbol{'356}} & {\dn \qq{d}G\5} & {\dn \qq{d}G\5} & +100 & {\dn h n} & {\dn\symbol{'241}} & {\dn \3A1w} & {\dn \3A1w}\\ +31 & {\dn R k q v} & {\dn\symbol{'261}} & {\dn \qq{\3ACw}\309wv} & {\dn \qq{R}\#v} & +66 & {\dn d d y} & {\dn\symbol{'220}} & {\dn \390w} & {\dn \38Cw+} & +101 & {\dn h m} & {\dn\symbol{'234}} & {\dn \39Cw} & {\dn \39Cw}\\ +32 & {\dn c c} & {\dn\symbol{'316}} & {\dn Qc} & {\dn Qc} & +67 & {\dn d d v} & {\dn\symbol{'370}} & {\dn \3F8w} & {\dn \qq{d}\392w} & +102 & {\dn h y} & {\dn\symbol{'235}} & {\dn \39Dw} & {\dn \39Dw}\\ +33 & {\dn c \symbol{'32}} & {\dn\symbol{'317}} & {\dn Q\31Aw} & {\dn Q\31Aw} & +68 & {\dn d D y} & {\dn\symbol{'217}} & {\dn \38Fw} & {\dn \388w+} & +103 & {\dn h r} & {\dn\symbol{'240}} & {\dn \3A0w} & {\dn \3A0w}\\ +34 & {\dn C y} & {\dn\symbol{'320}} & {\dn \3D0w} & {\dn C+} & +69 & {\dn d D v} & {\dn\symbol{'371}} & {\dn \3F9w} & {\dn \qq{d}@v} & +104 & {\dn h l} & {\dn\symbol{'236}} & {\dn \39Ew} & {\dn \39Ew}\\ +35 & {\dn j r} & {\dn\symbol{'205}} & {\dn \385w} & {\dn \385w} & +70 & {\dn d B y} & {\dn\symbol{'216}} & {\dn \38Ew} & {\dn \qq{d}<y} & +105 & {\dn h v} & {\dn\symbol{'237}} & {\dn \39Fw} & {\dn \39Fw}\\ +\hline +\end{tabular} +\caption{Supported \devnag{} Ligatures} +\label{ligs} +\end{table} +\end{center} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\begin{table}[pt] + +\begin{center} +\begin{tabular}{ll} +\multicolumn{2}{c}{Regular} \\ +& \\ +Original (\texttt{dvng}) & {\dn \dnnum \large a \31Bw C f l \rn{5} \rn{8} Z \3A2w J \322w \317wX \35Bwl} \\ +Bombay (\texttt{dvnb}) & {\dn \dnnum \large \dnbombay a \31Bw C f l \rn{5} \rn{8} Z \3A2w J \322w \317wX \35Bwl} \\ +Calcutta (\texttt{dvnc}) & {\dn \dnnum \large \dncalcutta a \31Bw C f l \rn{5} \rn{8} Z \3A2w J \322w \317wX \35Bwl} \\ +Nepali (\texttt{dvnn}) & {\dn \dnnum \large \dnnepali a \31Bw C f l \rn{5} \rn{8} Z \3A2w J \322w \317wX \35Bwl} \\ +& \\ \hline +& \\ +\multicolumn{2}{c}{Oblique} \\ +& \\ +Original (\texttt{dvngi}) & {\dn \dnnum \large \itshape a \31Bw C f l \rn{5} \rn{8} Z \3A2w J \322w \317wX \35Bwl} \\ +Bombay (\texttt{dvnbi}) & {\dn \dnnum \large \dnbombay \itshape a \31Bw C f l \rn{5} \rn{8} Z \3A2w J \322w \317wX \35Bwl} \\ +Calcutta (\texttt{dvnci}) & {\dn \dnnum \large \dncalcutta \itshape a \31Bw C f l \rn{5} \rn{8} Z \3A2w J \322w \317wX \35Bwl} \\ +Nepali (\texttt{dvnni}) & {\dn \dnnum \large \dnnepali \itshape a \31Bw C f l \rn{5} \rn{8} Z \3A2w J \322w \317wX \35Bwl} \\ +& \\ \hline +& \\ +\multicolumn{2}{c}{Bold} \\ +& \\ +Original (\texttt{dvngb}) & {\dn \dnnum \large \bfseries a \31Bw C f l \rn{5} \rn{8} Z \3A2w J \322w \317wX \35Bwl} \\ +Bombay (\texttt{dvnbb}) & {\dn \dnnum \large \dnbombay \bfseries a \31Bw C f l \rn{5} \rn{8} Z \3A2w J \322w \317wX \35Bwl} \\ +Calcutta (\texttt{dvncb}) & {\dn \dnnum \large \dncalcutta \bfseries a \31Bw C f l \rn{5} \rn{8} Z \3A2w J \322w \317wX \35Bwl} \\ +Nepali (\texttt{dvnnb}) & {\dn \dnnum \large \dnnepali \bfseries a \31Bw C f l \rn{5} \rn{8} Z \3A2w J \322w \317wX \35Bwl} \\ +& \\ \hline +& \\ +\multicolumn{2}{c}{Bold Oblique} \\ +& \\ +Original (\texttt{dvngbi}) & {\dn \dnnum \large \bfseries\itshape a \31Bw C f l \rn{5} \rn{8} Z \3A2w J \322w \317wX \35Bwl} \\ +Bombay (\texttt{dvnbbi}) & {\dn \dnnum \large \dnbombay \bfseries\itshape a \31Bw C f l \rn{5} \rn{8} Z \3A2w J \322w \317wX \35Bwl} \\ +Calcutta (\texttt{dvncbi}) & {\dn \dnnum \large \dncalcutta \bfseries\itshape a \31Bw C f l \rn{5} \rn{8} Z \3A2w J \322w \317wX \35Bwl} \\ +Nepali (\texttt{dvnnbi}) & {\dn \dnnum \large \dnnepali \bfseries\itshape a \31Bw C f l \rn{5} \rn{8} Z \3A2w J \322w \317wX \35Bwl} \\ +& \\ \hline +& \\ +\multicolumn{2}{c}{Pen} \\ +& \\ +Original (\texttt{dvpn}) & {\dn \dnnum \large \dnpen a \31Bw C f l \rn{5} \rn{8} Z \3A2w J \317wX \35Bwl} \\ +Bombay (\texttt{dvpb}) & {\dn \dnnum \large \dnpenbombay a \31Bw C f l \rn{5} \rn{8} Z \3A2w J \317wX \35Bwl} \\ +Calcutta (\texttt{dvpc}) & {\dn \dnnum \large \dnpencalcutta a \31Bw C f l \rn{5} \rn{8} Z \3A2w J \317wX \35Bwl} \\ +Nepali (\texttt{dvpnn}) & {\dn \dnnum \large \dnpennepali a \31Bw C f l \rn{5} \rn{8} Z \3A2w J \317wX \35Bwl} \\ +\end{tabular} +\end{center} +\caption{\devnag{} Font Specimens} +\label{specs} +\end{table} +\newpage + +\begin{table}[pt] + +\begin{center} +Devanagari Regular +\end{center} + +{\dn b\7{h}t s\? CoV\? CoV\? rAjAao\2 kF bol cAl kA Y\2g +BF{\rs ,\re} {\itshape Ejs smy v\? vA{}isrAy} s\? Emln\? aAe T\?{\rs ,\re} +{\bfseries s\2"\?p k\? sAT} ElKn\? k\? yo`y h\4. koI to +\8{d}r hF s\? {\itshape hAT jow\?} aAe{\rs ,\re} {\bfseries aOr do ek e\?s\? +T\? Ek} jb eEXkA\2g k\? bdn {\bfseries \itshape \7{J}kAkr +ifArA krn\?} pr BF u\306who{\qva} n\? {\bfseries slAm n EkyA} +to eEXkA\2g n\? {\itshape pFW pkw kr} u\306wh\?{\qva} DFr\? s\? +\7{J}kA EdyA.\par} +\bigskip + +\begin{center} +Devanagari Bombay +\end{center} + +{\dn \dnbombay b\7{h}t s\? CoV\? CoV\? rAjAao\2 kF bol cAl kA Y\2g +BF{\rs ,\re} {\itshape Ejs smy v\? vA{}isrAy} s\? Emln\? aAe T\?{\rs ,\re} +{\bfseries s\2"\?p k\? sAT} ElKn\? k\? yo`y h\4. koI to +\8{d}r hF s\? {\itshape hAT jow\?} aAe{\rs ,\re} {\bfseries aOr do ek e\?s\? +T\? Ek} jb eEXkA\2g k\? bdn {\bfseries \itshape \7{J}kAkr +ifArA krn\?} pr BF u\306who{\qva} n\? {\bfseries slAm n EkyA} +to eEXkA\2g n\? {\itshape pFW pkw kr} u\306wh\?{\qva} DFr\? s\? +\7{J}kA EdyA.\par} +\bigskip + +\begin{center} +Devanagari Calcutta +\end{center} + +{\dn \dncalcutta b\7{h}t s\? CoV\? CoV\? rAjAao\2 kF bol cAl kA Y\2g +BF{\rs ,\re} {\itshape Ejs smy v\? vA{}isrAy} s\? Emln\? aAe T\?{\rs ,\re} +{\bfseries s\2"\?p k\? sAT} ElKn\? k\? yo`y h\4. koI to +\8{d}r hF s\? {\itshape hAT jow\?} aAe{\rs ,\re} {\bfseries aOr do ek e\?s\? +T\? Ek} jb eEXkA\2g k\? bdn {\bfseries \itshape \7{J}kAkr +ifArA krn\?} pr BF u\306who{\qva} n\? {\bfseries slAm n EkyA} +to eEXkA\2g n\? {\itshape pFW pkw kr} u\306wh\?{\qva} DFr\? s\? +\7{J}kA EdyA.\par} +\bigskip + +\begin{center} +Devanagari Pen Regular +\end{center} + +{\dn \dnpen b\7{h}t s\? CoV\? CoV\? rAjAao\2 kF bol cAl kA Y\2g +BF{\rs ,\re} {\itshape Ejs smy v\? vA{}isrAy} s\? Emln\? aAe T\?{\rs ,\re} +{\bfseries s\2"\?p k\? sAT} ElKn\? k\? yo`y h\4. koI to +\8{d}r hF s\? {\itshape hAT jow\?} aAe{\rs ,\re} {\bfseries aOr do ek e\?s\? +T\? Ek} jb eEXkA\2g k\? bdn {\bfseries \itshape \7{J}kAkr +ifArA krn\?} pr BF u\306who{\qva} n\? {\bfseries slAm n EkyA} +to eEXkA\2g n\? {\itshape pFW pkw kr} u\306wh\?{\qva} DFr\? s\? +\7{J}kA EdyA.\par} +\bigskip + +\begin{center} +Devanagari Pen Bombay +\end{center} + +{\dn \dnpenbombay b\7{h}t s\? CoV\? CoV\? rAjAao\2 kF bol cAl kA Y\2g +BF{\rs ,\re} {\itshape Ejs smy v\? vA{}isrAy} s\? Emln\? aAe T\?{\rs ,\re} +{\bfseries s\2"\?p k\? sAT} ElKn\? k\? yo`y h\4. koI to +\8{d}r hF s\? {\itshape hAT jow\?} aAe{\rs ,\re} {\bfseries aOr do ek e\?s\? +T\? Ek} jb eEXkA\2g k\? bdn {\bfseries \itshape \7{J}kAkr +ifArA krn\?} pr BF u\306who{\qva} n\? {\bfseries slAm n EkyA} +to eEXkA\2g n\? {\itshape pFW pkw kr} u\306wh\?{\qva} DFr\? s\? +\7{J}kA EdyA.\par} +\bigskip + +\begin{center} +Devanagari Pen Calcutta +\end{center} + +{\dn \dnpencalcutta b\7{h}t s\? CoV\? CoV\? rAjAao\2 kF bol cAl kA Y\2g +BF{\rs ,\re} {\itshape Ejs smy v\? vA{}isrAy} s\? Emln\? aAe T\?{\rs ,\re} +{\bfseries s\2"\?p k\? sAT} ElKn\? k\? yo`y h\4. koI to +\8{d}r hF s\? {\itshape hAT jow\?} aAe{\rs ,\re} {\bfseries aOr do ek e\?s\? +T\? Ek} jb eEXkA\2g k\? bdn {\bfseries \itshape \7{J}kAkr +ifArA krn\?} pr BF u\306who{\qva} n\? {\bfseries slAm n EkyA} +to eEXkA\2g n\? {\itshape pFW pkw kr} u\306wh\?{\qva} DFr\? s\? +\7{J}kA EdyA.\par} +\bigskip + +\begin{center} +Devanagari Pen Nepali +\end{center} + +{\dn \dnpennepali b\7{h}t s\? CoV\? CoV\? rAjAao\2 kF bol cAl kA Y\2g +BF{\rs ,\re} {\itshape Ejs smy v\? vA{}isrAy} s\? Emln\? aAe T\?{\rs ,\re} +{\bfseries s\2"\?p k\? sAT} ElKn\? k\? yo`y h\4. koI to +\8{d}r hF s\? {\itshape hAT jow\?} aAe{\rs ,\re} {\bfseries aOr do ek e\?s\? +T\? Ek} jb eEXkA\2g k\? bdn {\bfseries \itshape \7{J}kAkr +ifArA krn\?} pr BF u\306who{\qva} n\? {\bfseries slAm n EkyA} +to eEXkA\2g n\? {\itshape pFW pkw kr} u\306wh\?{\qva} DFr\? s\? +\7{J}kA EdyA.\par} +\bigskip + +% \begin{center} +% Source text +% \end{center} + +% \begin{verbatim} +% @hindi +% {\dn bahut se cho.te cho.te raajaao.m kii bol caal kaa .dha.mg bhii, +% {\itshape jis samay ve vaa{}isaraay} se milane aae the, +% {\bfseries sa.mk.sep ke saath} likhane ke yogya hai| koii to duur +% hii se {\itshape haath joRe} aae, {\bfseries aur do ek aise the ki} +% jab e.dikaa.mg ke badan {\bfseries \itshape jhukaakar i"saaraa karane} +% par bhii unho.m ne {\bfseries salaam na kiyaa} to e.dikaa.mg ne +% {\itshape pii.th pakaR kar} unhe.m dhiire se jhukaa diyaa|} +% \end{verbatim} + +\caption{Examples of \devnag{} Faces} +\label{mixedface} +\end{table} + +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/misspaal.dn b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/misspaal.dn new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2ce45a069d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/misspaal.dn @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +\documentclass[11pt]{article} +\usepackage{dev} + +\def\portraitpage{% + \setlength{\topmargin}{-0.50in} % real margin == this + 1in + \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-0.0in} % real margin == this + 1in + \setlength{\evensidemargin}{-0.0in} % real margin == this + 1in + \setlength{\headsep}{-0.0in} + \setlength{\footskip}{-0.50in} + + % Use Portrait Size Page + \setlength{\textwidth}{6.5in} + \setlength{\textheight}{9.75in}% +} +\portraitpage + +\begin{document} +\pagestyle{empty} + +@modernhindi + +\begin{center} +{\dn \LARGE mis paal} +\end{center} + +\begin{center} +{\dn \large mohan raake"s} +\end{center} + +{\dn vah duur se dikhaayii detii aak.rti mis paal hii ho sakatii thii| +phir bhii vi"svaas karane ke lie maiMne apanaa ca"smaa .thiik kiyaa| +ni.hsaMdeh, vah mis paal hii thii| yah to khair mujhe pataa thaa ki +vah un dinoM kulluu meM hii kahiiM rahatii hai, par is tarah acaanak usase +bheM.t ho jaayegii, yah nahiiM socaa thaa| aur use saamane dekhakar bhii +mujhe vi"svaas nahiiM huaa ki vah sthaayii ruup se kulluu aur manaalii +ke biic us cho.te-se gaa/v meM rahatii hogii| jab vah dillii se naukarii +choRakar aayii thii, to logoM ne usake baare meM kyaa-kyaa nahiiM socaa +thaa! + +bas raayasan ke .daakakhaane ke paas pahuMcakar ruk gayii| mis paal +.daakakhaane ke baahar khaRii pos.tamaas.tar se kuch baat kar rahii thii| +haath meM vah ek thailaa liye thii| bas ke rukane par na jaane kis baat ke +lie pos.tamaas.tar ko dhanyavaad detii huii vah bas kii taraph muRii| +tabhii maiM utarakar usake saamane pahu/c gayaa| ek aadamii ke acaanak +saamane aa jaane se mis paal thoRaa acakacaa gayii, magar mujhe pahacaanate +hii usakaa ceharaa khu"sii aur utsaah se khil gayaa| + +``ra.najiit tum?'' usane kahaa, ``tum yahaa/ se .tapak paRe?'' + +``maiM is bas se manaalii se aa rahaa hu/|'' maiMne kahaa| + +``acchaa! manaalii tum kab se aaye hue the?'' + +``aa.th-das din hue, aayaa thaa| aaj vaapas jaa rahaa hu/|'' + +``aaj hii jaa rahe ho?'' mis paal ke cehare se aadhaa utsaah gaayab ho +gayaa, ``dekho, kitanii burii baat hai ki aa.th-das din se tum yahaa/ +ho aur mujhase milane kii tumane ko"si"s bhii nahiiM kii| tumheM yah to +pataa hii thaa ki maiM aajakal kulluu meM huu/|'' + +``haa/, yah to pataa thaa, par yah nahiiM pataa thaa ki kulluu ke kis +hisse meM ho| ab bhii tum acaanak hii dikhaayii de gayiiM, nahiiM +mujhe kahaa/ se pataa calataa ki tum is jaMgal ko aabaad kar rahii ho?'' + +``sacamuc bahut burii baat hai,'' mis paal ulaahane ke svar meM bolii, +``tum itane dinoM se yahaa/ ho aur mujhase tumhaarii bheM.t huii aaj +jaane ke vaqt###|'' + +.draaivar jor-jor se h~orn bajaane lagaa| mis paal ne kuch ciRhakar +.draaivar kii taraf dekhaa aur ekasaath jhiRakane k.samaa maa/gane +ke svar meM kahaa, ``bas jii ek mina.t| maiM bhii isii bas se kulluu +cal rahii huu/| mujhe kulluu kii ek sii.t de diijie| thaiMk yuu verii +mac!'' aur phir merii taraf muRakar bolii, ``tum is bas se kahaa/ tak +jaa rahe ho?'' + +``aaj to is bas se jogindaranagar jaauu/gaa| vahaa/ ek din rahakar kal +subah aage kii bas pakaRuu/gaa|'' + +.draaivar ab aur jor se h~orn bajaane lagaa| mis paal ne ek baar krodh +aur bebasii ke saath usakii taraf dekhaa aur bas ke daravaaze kii +taraf baRhatii huii bolii, ``acchaa, kulluu tak to ham logoM kaa saath +hai hii, aur baat kulluu pahu/cakar kareMge| maiM to kahatii huu/ ki +tum do-caar din yahiiM ruko, phir cale jaanaa|'' + +bas meM pahale hii bahut bhiiR thii| do-tiin aadamii vahaa/ se aur caRh +gaye the, jisase andar khaRe hone kii jagah bhii nahiiM rahii thii| +mis paal daravaaze se andar jaane lagii to ka.n.dak.tar ne haath +baRhaakar use rok diyaa| maiMne ka.n.dak.tar se bahuteraa kahaa ki +andar mere vaalii jagah khaalii hai, mis saahab vahaa/ bai.th +jaaeMgii aur maiM bhiiR meM kisii tarah khaRaa hokar calaa jaauu/gaa, +magar ka.n.dak.tar ek baar jid par aRaa to aRaa hii rahaa ki aur +savaarii vah nahiiM le sakataa| maiM abhii usase baat kar hii rahaa +thaa ki .draaivar ne bas s.taar.t kar dii| meraa saamaan bas meM thaa, +isalie maiM dauRakar calatii bas meM savaar ho gayaa| {\rm\ldots{}}\par +} + +\end{document} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/misspaal.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/misspaal.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000000..20d1f0b050e --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/devanagr/misspaal.pdf |